Tesis sobre el tema "Aménagement du territoire – France – Île-de-France (France ; nord)"
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Lebeau, Boris. "L' intercommunalité francilienne : le cas nord parisien". Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131021.
After ten years of an unprecedented development of intercommunlity with is own tax system in Ile-de-France, a question is raised, i. E. The ability of that new institutional network to make the management of the metropolitan area more rational. Subordinated to the political decisions of the elected representatives in charge of its implementation and competing with the more standard institutional players, intercommunality struggles to assert itself as a relevant frame public policy. Far from confining itself to an inventory of the shortcomings of governance in Ile-de-France, this thesis also insists on a core problem facing a geographer: is it possible or not to provide a system of administrative division both coherent and efficient in a metropolitan area of such a large dimension? We will both use geographical concepts (of territory, boundary, discontinuity) and minutely analyse the political, economic, social and territorial aspects of intercommunality in order to emphasize that the different territories of the city are always changing. The geographical point of view therefore suggests that functional and institutional territories can only be partially consistent with each other and that beyond intercommunality some paradigms of urban development probably have to be rethought
Desbrosses, Elodie. "Politiques culturelles locales, coopération et frontières : l'exemple de villes frontalières petites et moyennes dans le nord et le nord-est de la France". Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-11-1.pdf.
Giry, Yannick. "Capacité entrepreneuriale et intégration territoriale dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais : quel rôle pour les structures d'aides à la création d'entreprises ?" Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010614.
Leroux, Xavier. "Le "pays" entre géographie, construction politique et représentations : l'exemple de l'espace Lille-Dunkerque". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111138.
Cmiel, Jean-Christophe. "La coopération transfrontalière en matière d'urbanisme et d'aménagement du territoire entre la France et la Wallonie". Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL20005.
While the idea of Europe is taking shape, the cooperation which has already started between Nord-Pas-de-Calais and the French-speaking part of Belgium must be perpetuated. Development and town planning are ideal for local partners and for citizens as well. A cooperation in planning and issue of development permissions is quite easy to set up for instruments and procedures are quite similar. The ideal solution would be to set up a convention of cooperation creating a local structure of cooperation based on the example of the French-speaking part of Belgium which is quite innovative. The problem of instruments would be easily solved thanks to a practical connection table for which this theses could serve as a basis. Cooperation in town planning is more difficult to set up. Even development is quite similar and the instruments of appropriation are quite identical, owning lands is not the problem. Indeed, one has to choose between two important lists. France and French speaking part of Belgium have much in common but the former shows are rather administrative town planning. While the latter's is closer to a private matter and to division in particular. It's therefore necessary to adopt internal rights. Last but not the least, the choice or the juridical scope used as a basis for trans-border action is important. The French-speaking part of Belgium doesn't really propose the structures necessary to cooperation and France, by proposing "la societé d'économie mixte" which is more and more controlled, may discourage local authorities yet. The more important problem is not that of the choice but of applicable law and of the conditions to the end of cooperation. In conclusion, it's more and more necessary to cooperate but a frame for the cooperation between France and the French-speaking part of Belgium local partners to start actions, which will enable must be set up
Serisier, Wilfried. "Géopolitique de la Seine-Saint-Denis : mutations territoriales, stratégies des acteurs et gouvernance en Seine-Saint-Denis, 1998-2018". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080075.
If the Seine-Saint-Denis is not the red suburbs of the sixties, it remains an exceptional field in the sense that abstention continues to grow from election to election, national and local, and where it does not follow the electoral evolutions of France and even less of the Île-de-France. This thesis aims to study changes in territorial and political governance between 1998 and 2018.The department of Seine-Saint-Denis, which we can call geopolitical creation since fashioned because of political motives, has received since its birth in 1968 the name "red suburb". If its local geopolitical system justified this name, the social, urban and political crisis that affects the departmental territory, contributes to dismantle it in the nineties. Not only are the social inequalities aggravated by the accentuation of the socio-spatial segregation affecting the Île-de-France, but the social question is redoubled by the postcolonial question. At first, this thesis shows the contradictory dynamisms that confront each other in Seine-Saint-Denis: the postcolonial question with its religious turn; the strong rise of social segregation with its effects on national education and the challenges of the territories in the face of the contradictory dynamics of settlement (gentrification, ghettoisation).In a last time, against the backdrop of metropolisation, we see how territorial governance is modified through the complexification of the local political system: new relations with Paris, interventions by the regional council, public planning institutions, and even Europe ... The debate of the Grand Paris revived in 2007 has rebuffed the cards in the development of territories and local power relations. But with the appearance of the Metropolis of Greater Paris, this young department is it not likely to implose ?
Debarbieux, Bernard. "Territoires de haute montagne : recherches sur le processus de territorialisation et d'appropriation sociale de l'espace de haute montagne dans les Alpes du Nord". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE19040.
From the study of three alpine valleys (chamonix, tarentaise and ferrand), the author strives to demonstrate that spatial se and planning in the "high mountain" can be understood as a unique process of spatial territorialisation of social groupes. This process needs the production of immaterial structures, such as nomination of places which has been specialty studied by the author and material structures (agrarian structures, lines of communication, networks of ski-lifts and touristics trails). The parallel development of several processes of territorialisation creates the necessity of a relative definition of the different social groupes, what we call "relations of spatial appropriation", relations which can be proved conflictual
Stachowski, Karine. "Entreprise-territoire : géographie de l'innovation technologique dans la région Nord-Pas-De-Calais". Lille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL10160.
Germaine, Marie-Anne. "De la caractérisation à la gestion des paysages ordinaires des vallées dans le nord-ouest de la France : Représentations, enjeux d’environnement et politiques publiques en Basse-Normandie". Caen, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440948.
In Normandy, like in the Norwest France, valleys contain singular landscapes subjected to strong environmental issues (flood, biodiversity) and various pressures (agricultural decline, urban sprawl, leisure valorisation). In order to reveal the specificity of those landscapes, a comparative method is proposed from the case of valleys of Normandy. Thanks to a systemic and multiscalar approach, the study takes into account the material and subjective dimension of landscape. A morphometric approach (spatial analysis/DEM) and a land cover approach (remote sensing/SPOT5) enables to characterize the visible dimension of landscape and identify 11 representative landscape types. We take into account the roles of the various actors in the landscape production and their evolution in order to evaluate the role of different functions (agricultural, industrial. . . ) and heritages in landscape diversity. Then, we have conduct semi structured interviews with the different actors (inhabitants, farmers …) in order to define different landscape representation models. Discourse analysis (“content analysis” with WordMapper software) allows us to identify social demand. The comparison of landscape characteristics, productive practices and representations reveals gaps between landscape contemporary systems, inhabitant’s expectations and planning policy. It shows the predominance of environmental policies to landscapes ones and reveals difficulties of their articulation. Finally, the study of valleys in Normandy contributes to the reflexion of expertise and management of ordinary landscapes in the north-western France
Edouard, Jean-Charles. "Organisation et dynamique urbaines de la bordure septentrionale du Massif central : Auvergne, Limousin, Nivernais". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF20003.
The northern edge of the massif central is one of france's low density areas, and yet it is far from being the largely rural region often described in regional geographic surveys. The city unquestionably asserts its presence and the rates of urbanization are very close to national averages (75%). However the still predominantly rural mountain zones - combraille, plateau de millevaches, monts d'auvergne. . . - must be clearly differentiated from the low lands the valleys and main traffic corridors - whose population rates compare to those of the densely populated countries of northern europe with more than 80% city dwellers. This region is thus perfectly integrated into urban france. The population growth of these cities is comparable to that of other french cities, with the highest expansion mainly in the larger cities - clermont-ferrand and limoges. Nor is there any particular functional backwardness; indeed, the division of the population according to the different socioprofessional categories such as defined by insee is also close to that of other french cities of similar size. Of a type with urban france, the northern part of the massif central is also characterized by a clearly ordered system with each urban level represented, allowing efficient servicing of the whole region. In fact the different populations of auvergne, limousin or nivernais have remarkably easy access to a wide range of tertiary facilities with few communication obstacles. The rational organization of space is evident in the region's conformity to the great theoretical models -christaller and reilly. Here in fact is a nearly perfect christallerian network, but its evolution raises many problems and conflicting issues. Indeed, a phenomenon of regional metropolization can be seen through the spontaneous strengthening of each metropolis of the northern massif central on its zone of influence. But at the same time, the cities' influence is gradually dwindling in the french urban network due to the concentration of the rarer services in the major urban centres deemed large enough to be likely to achieve "european size". The future of the urban network in the northern massif central will depend on the two cities developing a deliberate policy of town and country planning which can reconcile two apparently contradictory objectives : a balanced distribution of services and transport within the
Remy, Julie. "L'organisation des territoires du quart nord-ouest de la Gaule (Bretagne et Pays de la Loire) à la fin de l'âge de Fer (IIe-Ier siècle av. n.-è.)". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2016.
At the end of the Iron Age (2th to 1st century BC), the northwest of the Gaul (the current region of Bretagne and Pays de la Loire) is subdivided into different cities. Eight of them have been subject to a particular attention within the framework of this study. This one included understanding their organization and the various habitation sites unearth by the archaeology. In fact, these last ten years some recent excavations have now supplemented the corpus of the grouped settlements, enclosed or not, as the oppidum of Moulay or Entrammes in Mayenne, or as Trégueux near Saint-Brieuc, motivating the realization of this work. At first, it focused on the forms and the functions of the grouped settlements as a supplement to the numerous already existing syntheses which deal with the rural occupation in Middle and Late La Tène, but also on the form and the place of spaces with religious characters within territories. Then, these analyses may to think about the economic links, even administrative, between these various types of sites, and at the same time in the social structuring of cities and the evolution of their organizations until the change era. Lastly, the main components of the territories of the western fringe of the Gaul were compared with those of the center or east regions of France, as city of Turons, Bituriges, Leuques and Médiomatriques
Bègue, Boris. "Transports et urbanisation à La Réunion : le rôle de l’accessibilité dans les phénomènes de périurbanisation et de dépendance automobile, modélisation systémique sur la région Est-Nord-Est". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0023/document.
Urbanization in Reunion Island has been developed and planned around automobile as the new country like the United States or Australia. The sprawl city and the functional segregation of urban activities shape interdependence between the zones. It's the case of suburban residential area who is functionally dependent of their activities center. The transits lead to an automobile dependence that became a major problem of the spatial organization and planning. This thesis explores the mechanism and process that shape that “automobile urbanization”. A systemic approach is used to modeling through using three concepts of transportation and urban geography and planning: suburbanization, automobile dependence and accessibility. This systemic approach contributes to allows territories to make transverse diagnostic toward an integrated strategy of urban and regional planning
Conesa, Alexis. "Modélisation des réseaux de transports collectifs métropolitains pour une structuration des territoires par les réseaux : applications aux régions Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10083/document.
Metropolisation is considered as a set of processes, which revolutionize, since the 1980s, interactions between societies and their territories. In particular, these changes have re-examined the role of transport as a tool for land planning. Thus, transport networks display the ability to structure the metropolitan areas. They permit functionning by interactions between places and also appropriation from individuals and social groups that manage and use networks. The aim of this research is to build a tool for decision support in planning and transport policy that can show the potential of transport networks to provide the structure of the metropolitan area. In the spirit of offering an alternative to “car only” policies, this work focuses on mass transit. Specifically, a modeling approach is conducted and mobilizes the concepts of accessibility and capillary, which are the subject of measurements. These indicators can inform policymakers about the qualities of transport networks studied. The application is conducted on the transportation networks of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur regions. The analysis highlights some misses, and to address that development projects in transport were simulated in each region. The results show how mass transit networks can promote metropolitan construction, but also their limits. Indeed, this thesis argues for a coordination of transport policy and land planning
Dufay, Sébastien. "Le schéma directeur : cadre approprié du projet de territoire ? : les exemples d'Arras, Dunkerque, Lille et Valenciennes". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-17-1.pdf.
Bertrand, François. "Planification et développement durable : vers de nouvelles pratiques d'aménagement régional ? : l'exemple de deux régions françaises : Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Midi-Pyrénées". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012142.
Nous sommes partis de l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'introduction du développement durable en tant qu'objectif prioritaire de la planification contractualisée modifie les "façons de faire" l'aménagement régional, c'est à dire les pratiques de conception et les contenus des politiques de développement régional, et plus largement les modalités de fonctionnement du système d'aménagement régional. Enfin, nous voulions vérifier que la problématique du développement durable se décline régionalement, notamment à travers le processus de planification, en renouvelant les discours sur l'avenir régional et en produisant des conceptions territoriales spécifiques du développement durable.
Depuis la naissance de la DATAR et même avant, le niveau régional apparaît comme l'espace de prédilection pour la mise en œuvre des politiques d'aménagement et de planification du territoire national. L'histoire même des Régions symbolise la modernisation de toute l'organisation territoriale française. Et les Contrats de Plan Etat-Région (CPER) sont devenus, en l'espace de quatre générations, des instruments incontournables de l'aménagement régional et une forme emblématique du nouvel aménagement "à plusieurs".
La préparation des CPER 2000-2006, couplée à l'élaboration des programmes régionaux au titre des Fonds Structurels européens (DOCUP), constitue alors un moment privilégié pour analyser les modalités et les formes des éventuelles déclinaisons régionales du développement durable, notamment à travers le développement des dispositifs d'évaluation censés mesurer les avancées en la matière. Plus largement, c'est une période riche pour observer les conséquences possibles de l'adoption de l'objectif de durabilité sur le fonctionnement du système d'aménagement régional.
La première partie de la thèse se propose d'éclaircir les origines diverses et les tensions abritées au sein de la problématique du développement durable, afin de pouvoir déterminer les spécificités de la question de sa spatialisation. Elle s'attache ensuite à établir les caractéristiques de l'aménagement régional, notamment celles liées à la contractualisation de la planification régionale.
La seconde partie regroupe l'analyse de l'exercice de conception de la planification régionale contractualisée (CPER et DOCUP) sur la période 1998-2000, au niveau national dans un premier temps, puis plus précisément dans deux Régions menant des activités en matière de développement durable : Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Midi-Pyrénées.
La dernière partie revient sur les principaux enseignements de cette recherche, notamment par un éclairage européen.
Lo, Feudo Fausto. "Un scénario TOD pour la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais : enseignements d'une modélisation intégrée transport-usage du sol". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10129/document.
This thesis discuss the theme of integration and articulation between urban and transportation planning, with the aim of evaluate and studyi the sense and potentialities of the application of a Regional Plan for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In this regard we have chosen to use the tool of land use and transport integrated modeling (LUTI), and in particular the integrated simulation software Tranus, to implement a model which could answer to several research questions.We propose in this paper an integrated, inclusive and interactive perspective about problems and issues concerning land-use and transport policies at a regional level. A multidisciplinary and multi-scalar approach, following the principles of interdependence between all different elements of the territory, which is found in the concept of "networked city" of Dupuy. The aim is to address the themes of mobility and transport, according to a new paradigm, based on the concepts of accessibility, connectivity and multimodality and therefore according to the idea of an urbanism and a development oriented to transit and non-motorized transport, rather than car-oriented. The thesis is part of a phd research in urban and transportation planning, held at the University of Science and Technology of Lille 1, through a joint supervision between the Laboratoire Ville MObilité et Transport (LVMT - IFSTTAR) and the University of Calabria (Italy) and a scientific collaboration with Venezuelan engineering firm Modelistica
Herbaux, Philippe. "L' intelligence territoriale : d'une représentation générale à un concept de finalité". Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0007.
Franchomme, Magalie. "Du cadastre napoléonien à la trame verte, le devenir des petites zones humides périurbaines en région Nord-Pas-de-Calais". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10064/document.
The literature on wetlands mostly concems a limited number of "emblematic" natural spaces and neglects the exIstence of a large number of small wetlands, which are rarely mentioned when not outnght forgotten. The needs of the regionnal planning in. the urbanized regions modify appreciably the outlook of land planners on the latter areas, because they become the support of projects which fit ·within the framework of the Sustanable. development..This situation calls for a renewal of classic approaches and analytical tools such as used in the context of The national research Programme into wetlands. Throug the examples of the Guines marsh, the Sensée valleys and the Haute Deûle (Nord-Pas de Calais), the point is less to characterise and circumscribe wetlands, and to understand how they work than to define and examine the human interventions, past and present and their efIects on spaces and landscapes. Research was therefore articulated around two main investigations ::- the first is a histoncal study of the successive states of the landscape and of the relationships between society and Its environment. The approach consIsted in reconstructmg past land covers from archivaI documents and aerial photographs, - the second is a study of what is currently at stake in wetlands and how they are being appropriated by local and regional public policies. Those marshes used to be charactenzed, until recent time, by contradictory evolutions, their present integration into the regional urban landscape is gradually erasing their differences and could compromise their future as natural spaces ln the long run, what is the possIble evolution of these sururban wetlands ?
Roussel, Christine. "Concurrences de pouvoirs et aménagement du territoire en Ile-de-France". Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081133.
If national and regional development is really the matter of experts, it's also the politicians' matter by the local communities. Indeed, in 1982, we have passed from an authoritarian development to a more democratical one. Each political actor can, from now on, define his development purpose and the local councillors are more and more interested in their area. Ten years of decentralization have created imperfections (crossed financings, abilities overlapping. . . ). From which can ask that : who can decide what in ile-defrance ? the purpose of this research is to bring to the fore the powers' competition on different themes and scales, and the actors' function in national and regional development in ile-de-france
Harbreteau, Manuel. "Le tourisme et les loisirs dans l'aire eurorégionale transmanche : vers la constitution d'un territoire touristique ?" Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-23.pdf.
Amalric, Marion. "Les zones humides : appropriations et représentations : l'exemple du Nord-Pas de Calais". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012148.
N'Gou, N'Cho. "L'industrialisation des villes nouvelles de l'agglomération parisienne". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF20008.
Zylberberg, Laurent. "De la région de Paris à l'Ile-de-France : construction d'un espace politique". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0009.
The local political-administrative system in the Ile-de-France is something very specific. The regional institutions were inherited from an administrative structure : wich began from the "delegation general and finally became the district de la region de paris". The idea of a regional political territory slowly emerged from the notion of regional development. The creation of the district at the beginning of the 60's marked a rupture in the principles of the regional development of the ile-de-france. This new institution is based on a particular type of administration as well as the collaboration of technical personnel. The schedule of regional planning published in 1965, overhauled in 1969 ans 1975 stressed the necessary growth of the paris region. The designing of the new departments in 1964 as well as the development of the new towns, are the foundation of these new principles. In fact, the repartition of the powers in the region is reflected in the story of the development of the paris region. Moreover the repercussions of which are reflected on political organisations (SFIO, PCF). This study tries to show the different stages of the building of a political space and the specificities of the Ile-de-France in the french local political-administrative system
Touré, Aboubacar. "L’enjeu des pôles de compétitivité en Île-de-France : gouvernance et PME innovantes". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040254.
Since the 1980’s end in until now, the French industry has known a slowing down of its productivity. The situation became speed with the economic power of Germany and the emergence of countries such as China, India and Basil. Therefore, France had to react because being submitted to the law of the market place which is based on the competitiveness of products intended for export. It is in this context that the State is so going to get down in the economic stimulus plan by creating in July 2005 the poles of competitiveness. It is thus to study this development process that I decided to do doctoral thesis on the stake of the poles of competitiveness in Ile-de-France basing me on the example of Systématic-Paris-Région, Cap Digital Paris-Région and Advancity Ville and Sustainable Mobility
Lorion, David. "Inondations et aménagements à l'île de la Réunion". Paris 10, 2000. http://thesesenligne.univ.run/H/2000pa100125_lorion.pdf.
Roussel, Delphine. "Tourisme et développement local : expérience de la Réunion". Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0173.
This thesis proposes to decipher the interactions between the local tourist policies and the territorial endogenous characteristics. It wonders about the effects standardizing of the tourist paradigm of mass. Calling upon an interdisciplinary and intercultural approach, this study is based on the concepts of local and durable development, like on the theory of the symbolic sites. His decoding, rises the concept of tourism located mobilizing the multiple identities from the tourists and the receiving mediums. The tourist situation in France illustrates the relevance of tourism integrating the participation of the local actors. The empirical case of “La Réunion”, explored here, confirms the topicality of the balanced and durable tourist steps. Tourism located brings a new lighting on the need for a diversification of the local tourist policies, entreating the risks of a standardization
Saqué, Carine. "Agriculture et territoires : acteurs, projets et procédures : le cas de deux démarches territoriales dans les Hauts de la Réunion". Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30024.
Modernism focused on agricultural development cuts territorial development of agriculture. Nonetheless, the ancestral link to land is not broken and complex connections between agriculture and territory remain. Theses connections create new “ruralities” which weaken agriculture on territories. Reunion Island has been shaped by colonial plantation economy. Today its agricultural seaside is under urban pressure while its “heights” are marginalized. This dichotomy is emphasized by strong agricultural industries settled in the low parts of the Island as for the “heights” struggle impulsing a reflexion on rural development. Agriculture and rurality are strongly divided. The impact of agriculture on territories is not taken into account in the main debates. The agricultural depression of the “Heights” deepens the gap between the assisted and the ones who benefit from touristic development even if the farmers are encouraged. Seaside urbanisation threatens the agricultural industries therefore the local authorities are sollicitated for land regulation. Agricultural charter planification is issued from these two views. It tries to go beyond the oppositions in order to gain territorial efficiency. It also encourages innovation, linking agriculture and territories. Agriculture will subsist only if it questions the existing model and tries to created this new link. This is the price to pay for sustainable development on the Island. The searcher has the tools to build this perspective
Jasnot, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Les transitions agro-écologiques en Île-de-France : acteurs et processus". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H011.
Public authorities announced the agroecological transition as a major turning point to come for agriculture. At the same time, consumers and civil society are more and more aware of food and agricultural issues. The environmental dimension of the agricultural production seems to strongly gain in importance. The agriculture of the Île-de-France region is dealing with these new injunctions in a context of well-established field crops on a territory facing high stakes (regarding food, the environment, the economy and land planning). What form does this agroecological transition take, what impacts will this transition have for the farmers of Île-de-France and how do these changes lead to new territorial configurations: here are some of the issues that drive this doctoral research
Prat, Pauline. "L' institutionnalisation de l’action de l’État en région parisienne : du plan Prost à la police d’agglomération : quand l’Etat administre, aménage et surveille la région-capitale". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0063.
Modern States became institutionalized by setting their national boundaries, but also by governing their own territory from within. In France, the capital region gradually became both an object of political intervention and a strategic territory for political and economic reasons. Building on a long time-frame analysis, this thesis explores the mechanisms of state action in the Paris region. Four analytical dimensions are identified. The first one is related to the ideas, knowledge and know-how which shape the capital region as a public issue requiring state intervention. The second dimension is constituted by the different public devices dedicated to the Paris region: urban plans, the “agrément constructeur” and the system of activities’ decentralization. The third dimension relates to the development of formal institution, from the creation of the Paris District in 1959 to the implementation of the regional prefecture in 1966. The constitution of a regional administrative elite is confronted to the fourth and last dimension: the work of the Parisian prefects who represent the territorial state. This dimension grasps the policy making lead by the state apparatus in the Paris region and it embodies the differentiation between the départemental and the regional state. Each of these dimensions has proper temporalities and effects. Within the institutionalization process, the trajectories and the interaction between the actors participating in the elaboration of the “Parisian issue” and in the framing of its solutions, explain both the inertia and the specific moments of agenda setting and change within the state apparatus in the course of the XXth century
Henderycksen, Eric. "Les études dans les schémas directeurs en Ile-de-France : outil d'aide à la décision ou simple rituel ?" Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082217.
Richez, Jean-Marie. "Valenciennes dans son bassin d'activité, 1950-2000 : la quête d'une identité : aménagement de la ville et de son territoire dans une perpétuelle restructuration économique". Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30004.
Costes, Nicolas. "Choix de localisation des entreprises, intervention publique et efficacité urbaine : Une analyse théorique et empirique de la réglementation des choix de localisation des activités de bureau en Île-de-France". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363846.
Le recours aux techniques de l'économétrie spatiale me permet de tester l'influence des dispositifs réglementaires et fiscaux instaurés dans le cadre de la politique régionale d'aménagement et d'identifier les déterminants de la répartition spatiale de l'offre nouvelle de bureaux. Les résultats obtenus me permettent d'affirmer que les instruments mobilisés ont un impact très limité.
J'en conclus que, contrairement aux objectifs qu'elle s'est fixés, la réglementation des choix de localisation des activités de bureau n'a permis ni de mettre fin aux clivages existants dans le développement économique et urbain, ni de corriger les disparités en matière d'accès à l'emploi...ni d'améliorer l'efficacité économique de la région Île-de-France
Lévy, Lisa. "L'improvisation en aménagement du territoire : d'une réalité augmentée aux fondements d'une discipline pour l'action ? : enquête sur un projet interdépartemental (le pôle Orly)". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001827.
Cardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
In spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Huitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques". Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Dupont, Josselin. "L'émergence d'une politique foncière régionale en Bretagne : de l'identification des enjeux à la création d'un établissement public foncier d'Etat". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20020/document.
During the last decades, we have experienced a general rise of real estate prices as well as the reinforcement of sustainable development issues. This resulted in a "renewal" of land policy in France, with the development of “Etablissements publics fonciers” (EPF). At the same time, there is a withdrawal from the public sphere against a dominant financial logic. In this context, our thesis questions the need to develop land policy at the regional scale. To do so, we have examined the situation of Brittany on the basis of several partnerships (Regional Council, DREAL and EPF of Brittany, ADEF, COST and joint supervision with the University of Liege), with research materials gathered from three distinct research terrains (in Brittany, in France and in Europe). This leaded to a PhD structured in two main parts: on the one hand, a regional diagnostic on land issues for Brittany with a list of mobilized land data and, on the second hand, an original analysis of the EPF tool. Our results show that Brittany is facing fundamental land issues (fast land artificialization due to specific modes of living and demographic dynamics) that impact in different ways the regional territory (rural-Urban and Armor-Argoat disparities). Ourresults also show that the choice of a regional land policy embodied in the creation of an EPF is at the same time very common from a French perspective and very original from a European perspective. In conclusion, we note that the effectiveness of EPF is not yet actually demonstrated and we propose recommendations to Brittany’s decision-Makers
Mazy, Kristel. "Villes et ports fluviaux : le projet comme dispositif de reconnexion ? : Regards croisés sur Bruxelles et Lille". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066456.
Rapegno, Noémie. "Établissements d’hébergement pour adultes handicapés en France : enjeux territoriaux et impacts sur la participation sociale des usagers : application aux régions Île-de-France et Haute-Normandie". Paris, EHESS, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01097620.
As part of an approach that combines social geography and spatial planning this PhD dissertation analyzes the causes and consequences of territorial disparities in residential care facilities for adults with disabilities (maisons d'accueil spécialisées, foyers d'accueil médicalisé, foyers de vie) in France. It aims to analyze the origin of the differences and their effects on the daily lives of residents. We are interested in the spatial distributions of the facilities but also in the spatial practices of residents. The goal is to capture the impact of regional disparities on the fundamental rights of persons with disabilities (i. E. The right to choose where to live, the right to mobility and the right to a social space). This work uses a variety of methods and tools. A quantitative analysis measures the spatial distribution of the facilities, and its evolution over the last forty years. Interviews with former associations and administrative actors and access to archives provide information on the interplay of actors and balance of power. Finally, visiting 23 facilities for adults with motor impairment, in the lle-de-France and Haute-Normandie can help to understand the territorial integration of institutions. Interviews with 81 residents allow for an understanding of the collective and individual practices which take place in a smaller or wider area surrounding their home. They vary in relation to the residential care localization. The questions raised by this study are not only geographical ones. They open a broader discussion on the social participation of persons with disabilities and on social challenges
Laboureur, Estelle. "Quelle intégration sociale et territoriale pour les habitants des Hauts de l'île de la Réunion ? Dynamiques d'adaptations chez les éleveurs bovins de la Grande Ferme". Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0028.
The "tops of the Reunion Island" has always been at the heart of social, economic and political issues emerging from plural considerations relegating these territories to an image of non-rights zones, to a model of attractive regions to develop. In 1978, an extensive plan for the development of the Hauts region, accompanied by a structural land reform, was implemented in order to limit the exodus from the countryside and improve the living conditions of the inhabitants. Since the 1960s, the history of the Plains (Plaine des Cafres and Plaine des Palmistes) has been jointly marked by the structuring of dairy and lactating cattle farms around cooperative societies. The increase in these animal production sectors was a source of much interest until the 1990s. The profession (especially dairy farming) saw its first stoppages of activities and problems of taking over farms. In the 2000s, heritage, tourism and environmental protection requalify the stakes of the Plaine des Cafres originally developed by the agricultural sector. If livestock is to be reared within various management policies, activity can be considered within a fragile island context dependent on supra-national directives. By crossing various studies, we postulate that the evaluation of the socio-economic capacities of the professional sector must be accompanied by the consideration of leisure and tourist activities, regulations regardingwith regard to the protection of nature, the phenomena of rurbanization in the planning of territories and the study of heritage processes. These challenges are an integral part of the discussions on the consolidation of Reunion cattle farming in the Plaine des Cafres consider the current and future links of the activity with the changes in society in the evolution of the environment. Starting from the principle that the current changes in the territory, with their system of constraints and levers of development, are the fruit of political and institutional strategies, we ask ourselves how they are lived and appropriate by the inhabitants and what are the forms of mediations? The study of a locality in the Plains region, the Grande ferme, using an anthropological approach and an in-depth study of social networks was chosen. The originality of the approach presented is based on an articulation between a very localized approach and a regional geographical approach
Flegeau, Morgane. "La Ceinture verte d'Ile-de-France à l'épreuve du Grand Paris : effacement ou renouveau ? : Reconfigurations spatiales, territoriales et paysagères dans les marges de l'aire urbaine métropolitaine". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD062.
The concept of green belt is a manner of thinking the margins of the surroundings of Paris. This urban planning tool has been used by the Île-de-France regional Council in the early 1980’s. The implementation of a green belt aimed to give a global vision of the woodland, cropland and wasteland in that area. Due to a lack of law support and political changes, the Green belt policy never really came to an existence. However, the area of the Green belt is filled with several expectations in terms of recreation, landscapes, quality of life and environment from the city dwellers and public players. Meanwhile, the Grand Paris project tends, in the same time, to put under pressure these spaces by its urban planning projects, and to consider the idea of a green belt for the Paris region. We have chosen in this thesis to highlight the features of the Green belt by a social and spatial approach of the dynamics through a multiscalar approach. It reveals the fragmentation and the heterogeneity of this space on several levels : spatial organization, landscapes and social distribution. The study of the dynamics concerning the territories shows the discrepancy of the urban planning logics in the Île-de-France region. In the Green belt space, a large number of territory projects occurs around open spaces. It aims, in most of the case, to preserve the qualities of the landscapes (in the vallée de Chevreuse for example) or to attain a certain type of landscape (the forest project in Plaine de Pierrelaye shows that). But this type of territorialities leaves out marginalized population, living in the Green belt space. Finally, this study enlightens the mixed relationship and the tensions between local and metropolitan authorities in a decentralized context
Hoareau, Sylvie. "De la perception de l'espace dans les quartiers à la prospective territoriale : analyse de l'urbanisation à la Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0025/document.
On Reunion Island, cities have extended for 20 years. This extension promoted the urban sprawl. Now on this area, only 20 % of lands are building. So, a balanced development is actually promoted. But, can we base on the inhabitants' perception to manage to do this harmonious development? The district area seems to be relevant to deal with this subject. This scale represents the neighbourhood, a basic element of the town. By basing on a lot of soundings, we know the inhabitants expectations and the regulations which constrain the leaders. Four our territorial foresight exercise, we examine the trend of three relevant variables: population, economic activities, environment (buildings, agriculture and parks). This variables are controlled at the same time by the leaders and the users which picture them. To coclude, it is only by balancing these two visions that can achieve a more coherent developmet that give satisfaction to the developers as well as users
Savidan, Lise. "L'appropriation du modèle de quartiers durables sous climat tropical : mise en place d'une grille d’indicateurs de durabilité urbaine appliquée au quartier de Ravine Blanche sur l'île de La Réunion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0028.
The urban sustainability is a contemporary preoccupation, because of the international environnemental & social events which take place at the end of the 20th century. Sustainable neighbourhoods are solutions proposed to take in account the new societal stakes into the urban sphere. The intervention scales seems to be adequate to test new conceptions solutions. This phd tried to describe how the concept is adapted into tropical field. In a first part we propose to describe the general concept of sustainability, its emergence conditions, its majors principles and the subjects that gathered or drove apart the scientific community. In a second part we present some specificities of tropical cities, we propose conceptions principles adapted to the climate. We create a tool to evaluate urban sustainability in tropical neigbourhoods. Composed of fifty urban indicators separated into three majors axis, this tool allows to evaluate the durability nivel of urban projects at a quarter scale. We propose three nivel of performance to evaluate durability: Basis, Performant, Very Performant. In a third part of the document, we apply the tool on Ravine Blanche quarter, located into a humide tropical climate, in Reunion island (Indian Ocean). According to the results, thanks to sustainable project of renovation applied on the quarter, Ravine Blanche reaches a Basis level of durability.This phd, allows to evaluate in tropical territories how the concepters take in account the sustainability, comparing to the general concept. It proposes to the urban concepters adapted solutions to deal with the hot climate
Raimbault, Nicolas. "Gouverner le développement logistique de la métropole : périurbanisation, planification et compétition métropolitaine, le cas du bassin parisien et éclairages étrangers". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1086/document.
Due to the transformations of production, distribution and consumption systems, logistics activities gain in importance in global city regions such as the Greater Paris Region. This economic sector bursts in these urban regions, bringing in new economic and geographic logics. This development is embedded in a diversity of public actions from municipal policies (small transport facilities, logistics zones), almost invisible at the regional scale, to metropolitan policies (regional planning, port competition), including the management of specific public infrastructures (ports and airports, rail terminals). These different public actions, structuring the interactions of a variety of public and private actors, constitute the object of this research.This thesis demonstrates that the diversity of public actions involved in the logistics development of the Greater Paris Region corresponds to different coexistent modes of governance, to different coalitions of actors supporting this logistics development. The empirical aim is to analyze these coalitions while situating them among the multiple modes of governance at stake in the global city region. From a more theoretical point of view, this thesis draws some perspectives about metropolitan governance through the analysis of logistics development governance. It takes part in a better understanding of metropolitan governance in terms of modes of governance geography, in terms of participations of private actors in public action and in terms of social construction of a metropolitan agenda and governability
Bardaine, Clémence. "La fabrique des paysages et des savoir-faire agroforestiers dans le bassin francilien : acteurs, processus et projets". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0021.
Faced with the environmental and climatic crisis, practices based on the management of ecological processes are opening up a new horizon for agriculture. The current challenge of agroforestry, based on associations of trees, crops and/or animals, is no longer limited to production alone, but also affects its sustainability and in particular the provision of ecosystem services and the food resilience of territories. However, these agroecological practices cannot result from the application of technical recipes. Can farmers’ naturalistic and agroecological knowledge of landscapes, become a vector for the transmission of agroforestry practices mainly through neighborhood effect and collective learning ? A critical study of the methods and mechanisms of learning, transmission and support of agroforestry practices in the Paris Basin is carried out through a transdisciplinary, ethno-geographic and pragmatic approach. The stories of their agroecological trajectories are retraced through ethnographic investigation and documentary collection from the field (photography, drawing of farmers, project plan). A typology of the different forms of agroforestry landscapes (intra-plot tree lines, diversified hedgerows gridding, etc.) and the range of ecological and diversification knowledge associated with them is proposed. In contrast, the mistrust of trees among some soil conservation farmers is identified. Secondly, the survey on the methods of support by stakeholders in territorial development (farmers, landowners, agricultural development associations, agents of regional nature parks and communities of municipalities), sheds light on conflicts and alliances between actors. The tools and collective learning processes of this outside agroecological university are highlighted through the chronicles of farmers' collective workshops and participatory research projects around the heritage of locally adapted seeds and woody plants (ecological survey, botanical index, reading and landscape design, project and pruning workshops, participatory selection). This work offers a synthesis of the brakes (the long time, the lack of local references and management know-how, the tree in the rural lease). And the conditions of transmission of agroforestry practices (pioneering attitudes, empirical and transversal approaches, involvement of territorial actors) are articulated between different scales: from the plot to the plain, to the community of actors in the large landscape. Finally, this thesis identifies a set of updating of living heritage which, through the agro-ecosystem benefits and the local food systems resulting from these new agricultural landscapes; could become the basis of a local project guaranteeing the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the territory
Duranel, Guillaume. "Les conventions de l'Architecture au prisme du dispositif du Grand Paris". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1275.
The 2008 consultation called “l’avenir du Paris métropolitain, le grand pari de l’agglomération parisienne” was organized by the French Bureau of Research in Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape at President Nicolas Sarkozy’s request. Ten teams were gathered, led by architects and composed of professionals and researchers working on urban studies. In 2010, those teams were asked to join the “Scientific Comity” of the “Atelier International du Grand Paris” (AIGP) which was created especially for them to continue their work. In 2012, five more teams joined the AIGP. They worked together until 2016. Therefore, as the government launched action to transform and develop the Île-de-France area (creating a Secretary of State dedicated to that purpose, creating a development company tasked with the creation of a new metro network, and voting three laws …), a group of professionals and researchers worked for eight years to produce a “prospective diagnosis” for the Parisian metropolitan area. For which specific skills were they hired? In the context of this political request, how did those teams work and what did they produce?
Silvestre, Pauline. "Tous contraints ? : les modes de vie et leur territorialisation en grande couronne francilienne". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1190/document.
Despite the major changes occurring in the Île-de-France region (a renewed planning scheme, Grand Paris project, new territorial division), the outer suburbs and their inhabitants still do not raise a particular interest from the public authorities. Their lifestyle would confirm upheld stereotypes about this part of the region, as characterized by residents occupying a detached house, a closed garden and owning a personal car. This thesis aims at exploring the complexity hidden beyond the all-embracing designation of “outer suburbs”. Many research studies focus on this kind of territory but examine pre-defined perimeters as a starting-point to understand social practices. On the contrary, this thesis considers observing the way of life is fertile, even more from the point of view of those who directly experience it, meaning the inhabitants. In contrast, this thesis considers observing the inhabitants’ way of life, therefore considering the point of view of those who directly experience the territory, offers a much richer material. Instead of starting from institutional or statistical perimeters to analyze practices and representations, we will try to understand how inhabitants build the spatial translations of their needs and wishes, considering the specific available resources around them, and then analyze these newly-defined areas. We will explore the specific process they undertake and the spatial results of these process. The inhabitants we investigated live in a specific area called Centre Essonne-Seine-Orge, where this thesis was carried out with the Agence d’urbanisme et de développement Essonne-Seine-Orge. This thesis more particularly deals with consumer practices, images that are associated to them and the specific areas people reach to shop. This outlook is metonymical: we investigate one part of their ways of life to understand it as a whole. Limitation and constraint are frequently used as an interpretative framework to analyze the ways of life of inhabitants of outer suburbs. They are thought to live “sub”-ways of life, to deal with territorial flaws. During our inquiry, we did not encounter any of the submissive and frustrated characters we had anticipated. The inhabitants are, on the contrary, able to find their own ways of escaping from the clichés, twisting the expected uses of their territory and developing the new skills and knowledge needed to build a way of life that allows them to reach a satisfying existential balance
Augiseau, Vincent. "La dimension matérielle de l'urbanisation : flux et stocks de matériaux de construction en Ile-de-France". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H111.
Construction materials are the largest flows entering urban areas after water, while they constitute the top waste deposit. The relation between these material flows and urbanization processes has receive little attention and it is the object of this study. Work was conducted in collaboration with the Regional and inter-departmental directorate for the environment and energy Ile-de-France, responsible of the quarries regulation plan, and the Regional council, which is in charge of the C&D waste management plan. This research contributed to methodological improvement for the quantification and localisation of contruction material flows and stocks at regional scale with the case study of Ile-de-France region. Il demonstrates that that the primary and secondary resources available and extracted are close in terms of quantity. However, the utilization rate of the secondary resources is significantly lower than those of primary resources due to normative and regulatory frameworks.In 2013, the mobilization of construction materials from Ile-de-France was mainly generated by the process of urban renewal. This renewal causes major demolition and reconstruction, but it is also carried by urban densification and requires the import of external materials. In addition, the renewal of built works is strongly related to spatial configuration. A projection of material flows up to 2032 shows that achieving the targets for housing construction defined in regional master plan (SDRIF) would lead to a sharp increase in the import rate of materials. This observation calls for alternative public actions aiming at better management of urban resources
Savidan, Lise. "L'appropriation du modèle de quartiers durables sous climat tropical : mise en place d'une grille d’indicateurs de durabilité urbaine appliquée au quartier de Ravine Blanche sur l'île de La Réunion". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0028/document.
The urban sustainability is a contemporary preoccupation, because of the international environnemental & social events which take place at the end of the 20th century. Sustainable neighbourhoods are solutions proposed to take in account the new societal stakes into the urban sphere. The intervention scales seems to be adequate to test new conceptions solutions. This phd tried to describe how the concept is adapted into tropical field. In a first part we propose to describe the general concept of sustainability, its emergence conditions, its majors principles and the subjects that gathered or drove apart the scientific community. In a second part we present some specificities of tropical cities, we propose conceptions principles adapted to the climate. We create a tool to evaluate urban sustainability in tropical neigbourhoods. Composed of fifty urban indicators separated into three majors axis, this tool allows to evaluate the durability nivel of urban projects at a quarter scale. We propose three nivel of performance to evaluate durability: Basis, Performant, Very Performant. In a third part of the document, we apply the tool on Ravine Blanche quarter, located into a humide tropical climate, in Reunion island (Indian Ocean). According to the results, thanks to sustainable project of renovation applied on the quarter, Ravine Blanche reaches a Basis level of durability.This phd, allows to evaluate in tropical territories how the concepters take in account the sustainability, comparing to the general concept. It proposes to the urban concepters adapted solutions to deal with the hot climate
Lorant-Plantier, Emilie. "Contribution géographique à la démarche d'évaluation environnementale dans le cadre de grands projets d'infrastructures linéaires : l'exemple du projet Seine-Nord Europe". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010645/document.
This thesis is led by difficulties experienced by planners during linear infrastructure studies and developments. In the present context, they have to ensure a successful project without any extra cost while also taking into account environmental issues at different scales, as natural habitats and biodiversity protection. Until recently, these issues were not a main source of concern and studies were carried out to simply cover regulatory requirements as environmental assessment. Nevertheless, since The Grenelle Environment Forum, environment concerns have been considered as a key challenge for linear infrastructure projects in spite of difficulties due to a lack of process and efficient tools. Therefore this thesis provides an environmental assessment analysis based on environmental and experimental spatial planning geography and focused on the North-Seine canal project with some inconsistencies from European to local scale. Firstly, based on the description and analysis of this project, this thesis is a contribution to the knowledge improvement of planning strategies and the way they take into account environment issues: biodiversity and natural resources and environment protection are the main environmental concerns. Furthermore, this thesis is also designed as an “action research” and a help for project planners and managers with effective help. Three different ecological vulnerability assessment tools have been created to analyze natural resources and environments along the route proposition and they are described in this paper
Sirota-Chelzen, Hélène. "La place de la concertation dans la mise en oeuvre de projets urbains durables à travers l'exemple de l'agglomération parisienne : territoires, acteurs, représentations". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H041/document.
Since Rio 1992, consultation has become an essential political and social practice. It responds to a request from citizens to participate in public debate, decision-making, local management and the city's factory. Consultation, which has become regulatory and brings together a plurality of actors, is the place and time when issues of governance, territorial management and urban sustainability are at stake. The thesis seeks to answer the following questions: to what extent are governance processes, put into practice through consultation and resulting from environmental public policies, effective in territorial planning strategies ? How to measure the effects of these processes? What roles do these processes play in the development of land-use patterns? The scientific approach used was based on observation of consultation meetings. The surveys were carried out in the territories of the Greater Paris Metropolis, which is changing as a result of the metropolization of the territory and the application of the principles of urban sustainability.The survey made it possible to compare the representations of the in habitants and those of the project leaders with regard to the evaluation of participation, the objects that make up the territory and the spatial representations. This confrontation of representations highlights the dissonances and meeting points between these categories of actors. Another part of the thesis attempted to understand the inhabitants' motivation for participation, their expectations and spatial practices. As a result of these surveys, it appears that the "city factory" can no longer be built without the inhabitants - users who want to be informed about urban projects and heard by project leaders. However, when consultation is taken seriously by all stakeholders, it tends to best meet the principles of urban sustainability