Tesis sobre el tema "Amazon rainforest"
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Lemky, Kim M. K. "The Amazon rainforest ecotourism industry of Napo, Ecuador". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7716.
Texto completoJensen, Mari N. "Amazon Rainforest Greens Up in the Dry Season". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295884.
Texto completoLabor, Felicia. "Deforestation patterns and hummingbird diversity in the Amazon rainforest". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140513.
Texto completoHero, Jean-Marc y n/a. "Predation, Palatability and the Distribution of Tadpoles in the Amazon Rainforest". Griffith University. Division of Australian Environmental Studies, 1991. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050902.155749.
Texto completoChrisney, Evan Neil. "Scatterometer Cross Calibration Using Volume Scattering Models for Amazon Rainforest Canopies". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9103.
Texto completoHero, Jean-Marc. "Predation, Palatability and the Distribution of Tadpoles in the Amazon Rainforest". Thesis, Griffith University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366814.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Division of Australian Environmental Studies
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Portela, Rosimeiry G. "Integrated ecological economic modeling of ecosystem services from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1958.
Texto completoThesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Zhouri, AndreÌa. "Trees and people : an anthropology of British campaigners for the Amazon Rainforest". Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265187.
Texto completoCohalan, Jean-Michel. "River trading in the Peruvian Amazon : market access and rural livelihoods among rainforest peoples". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111508.
Texto completoYao, Yitong. "Impacts of drought on biomass and carbon fluxes in the Amazon rainforest : a modeling approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ010.
Texto completoDroughts have recurrently impacted the Amazon rainforests, undermining the forest biomass carbon sink capacity due to a quicker increase of biomass mortality compared to growth. Most global land surface models used for assessments of the Global Carbon Budget and future climate projections have not incorporated drought-induced tree mortality. Their prediction of biomass dynamics are therefore subject to large uncertainties, as a result of (1) lack of explicit simulation of hydraulic transportin the continuum from soil to leaves; (2) lack of process-based equations connecting the impairment of the hydraulic transport system of trees to mortality; (3) lack of representation of mortality across trees sizes. To address these critical research gaps, I improved plant hydraulic representation in ORCHIDEECAN. This model was re-calibrated and evaluated over rainforests in Amazon basin, and applied to simulate the future evolution of biomass dynamics facing droughts. Firstly, I implemented a mechanistic hydraulic architecture that was designed by E. Joetzjer, and a hydraulic-failure related tree mortality module that I designed into ORCHIDEE-CAN. The model was calibrated against the world’s longest running drought manipulation experiment of Caxiuana in the eastern Amazon. Our model produced comparable annual tree mortality rates than the observation andcaptured biomass dynamics. This work provides a basis for further research in assimilating experimental observation data to parameterize the hydraulic failure induced tree mortality. Secondly, I applied ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA over the Amazon intact rainforest. The model reproduced the drought sensitivity of aboveground biomass (AGB) growth and mortality observed atnetworks of forest inventory plots across Amazon intact forests for the two recent mega-droughts of 2005 and 2010. We predicted a more negative sensitivity of the net biomass carbon sink to water deficits for the recent 2015/16 El Nino, which was the most severe drought in the historical record. In the model, even if climate change with droughts becoming more severe tended to intensify tree mortality, increased CO2 concentration contributed to attenuate the C loss due to mortality by suppressing transpiration.Lastly, I used the ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA model for future simulations of biomass carbondynamics. Most climate models (ISIMIP2 program) consistently predict a drier trend in northeastern Amazon. The simulation forced by the HadGEM climate model in the RCP8.5 scenario shows the most pronounced drying in eastern and northeastern Amazon, with a cross-over point at which the carbon sink turned to a carbon source in the Guiana Shield and East-central Amazon in the middle of the 21st century. This study sheds light on predicting the future evolution of Amazon rainforest biomass dynamics with an improved process-based model able to reproduce climate-change induced mortality.In the conclusion and outlook sections, future developments and research priorities are proposed, which would improve the reliability and performances of the process-based model presented in this dissertation, allowing to better capture mechanisms that control the evolution of forest biomass dynamics in the face of more frequent drought risks
Berglund, Amanda. "Community-based conservation in Peruvian Amazon. Attempts to save the red uakari of Loreto". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303504.
Texto completoMoreau, Marie-Annick 1976. "Rainforest fisheries : regional organization and household participation in the aquarium fish trade of the Peruvian Amazon". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81364.
Texto completoVenancio, Bárbara Rocha [UNESP]. "Chain of custody control of ipe timber (Handroanthus sp.) from the Amazon rainforest, using DNA fingerprinting". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150808.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A presente dissertação de mestrado é composta por uma seção introdutória, seguida de uma revisão da literatura a qual antecede os três capítulos subsequentes. O primeiro capítulo aborda um conjunto de revisões de conhecimentos científicos contemporâneos sobre os efeitos da exploração madeireira em florestas tropicais e as práticas madeireiras utilizadas no Brasil, quais têm se demonstrado insuficientes para garantir a sustentabilidade tanto na produção genética quanto na produção madeireira. O segundo capítulo é um “primer note” descrevendo a identificação de 402 loci putativos (polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único – SNPs, inserções / deleções - INDELs) para Ipe (Handroanthus sp.), destinado à estudos de genética de populações, filogeografia e DNA fingerprinting. O último capítulo discute a viabilidade de DNA fingerprinting para espécies do gênero Handroanthus. Esse traz a análise da diversidade genética, diferenciação genética de populações de Handroanthus sp., bem como entre os países de origem das amostras, análises de auto atribuição de genótipos e testes de atribuição de madeira ao local de origem.
The present master dissertation is composed by an introductory section, followed by a review of literature, which prefaces the three subsequent chapters. The first chapter of this dissertation is a review assembly contemporary scientific knowledge about the effects of the forest logging in tropical rainforests and the actual logging practices used in Brazil, which seems insufficient to ensure sustainability in both genetic and timber production aspects. The second chapter is a primer note describing the identification of 402 putative loci (single nucleotide polymorphisms –SNPs; and insertion/deletions- INDELs) for Ipe (Handroanthus sp.), intended to help population genetics, phylogeography and DNA fingerprinting studies. The last chapter discuss the feasibility of DNA fingerprinting for Handroanthus species. It brings genetic diversity analysis, genetic differentiation of Handroanthus sp. sample-populations, as well as among countries, self-assignment and timber assignment tests analysis.
Venancio, Bárbara Rocha. "Chain of custody control of ipe timber (Handroanthus sp.) from the Amazon rainforest, using DNA fingerprinting /". Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150808.
Texto completoResumo: A presente dissertação de mestrado é composta por uma seção introdutória, seguida de uma revisão da literatura a qual antecede os três capítulos subsequentes. O primeiro capítulo aborda um conjunto de revisões de conhecimentos científicos contemporâneos sobre os efeitos da exploração madeireira em florestas tropicais e as práticas madeireiras utilizadas no Brasil, quais têm se demonstrado insuficientes para garantir a sustentabilidade tanto na produção genética quanto na produção madeireira. O segundo capítulo é um “primer note” descrevendo a identificação de 402 loci putativos (polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único – SNPs, inserções / deleções - INDELs) para Ipe (Handroanthus sp.), destinado à estudos de genética de populações, filogeografia e DNA fingerprinting. O último capítulo discute a viabilidade de DNA fingerprinting para espécies do gênero Handroanthus. Esse traz a análise da diversidade genética, diferenciação genética de populações de Handroanthus sp., bem como entre os países de origem das amostras, análises de auto atribuição de genótipos e testes de atribuição de madeira ao local de origem.
Mestre
Valach, Amy C. "Volatile organic compound fluxes and mixing ratios in two contrasting atmospheric environments : London and the Amazon rainforest". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/76898/.
Texto completoCiemer, Catrin. "Complex systems analysis of changing rainfall regimes in South America and their implications for the Amazon rainforest". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19896.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the impact of changes in frequency and amount of precipitation in the Amazon rainforest and analyzes its development under the changing conditions due to global warming. In this context, complex network theory is utilized to investigate the South American monsoon system. The precipitation correlation structure reveals hidden features of the system, such as the transition from a disordered to an ordered monsoon system. Further developing existing network methods towards multilayer network tools allows for the investigation of the root causes for droughts in the central Amazon basin. By using a bivariate network between monthly precipitation in the central Amazon and Atlantic sea surface temperatures, distinct oceanic regions are identified to have a strong influence on central Amazonian precipitation. The formation of a climatological dipole between the northern and southern tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures is found to precede droughts. As a result, this study is the first to give an early warning for droughts in the Amazon. To investigate the influence of rainfall variability on vegetation, a potential landscape is constructed from precipitation and Amazonian tree cover data. The resilience of the forest is found to directly depend on the local rainfall variability in the long-term past, thereby reflecting a vegetational training effect under specific environmental conditions. Considering climate change projections, this effect could be decisive for the future survival of the present rainforest vegetation state. In order to cover long-term influences of global warming, this thesis additionally investigates the effects of a slowing down of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the direct influence of global warming on the southern Amazon rainforest.. It is revealed that these effects, although caused by global warming, have competitive impacts on precipitation in the Amazon basin, with a stabilizing effect of an Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown on the Amazon rainforest. This dissertation provides newly developed, as well as adjusted methods to enhance our understanding of the considered climatological and vegetational systems. Together, they provide the basic tools for a further investigation of these complex systems.
Leppla, Denis [Verfasser]. "Comprehensive Study of Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles from the Amazon Rainforest by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry / Denis Leppla". Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232912743/34.
Texto completoSantos, Fernando Cavalcante dos. "Biomass burning and natural emissions in the brazilian Amazon rainforest: impact on the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2017. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2017/05.29.14.21.
Texto completoEmitido pela vegetação, o isopreno (2-metil-1,3-butadieno) é o hidrocarboneto não-metânico mais abundante, com uma emissão global anual calculada entre 440 e 660Tg de carbono, dependendo de variáveis como temperatura, radiação solar, índice de área foliar e tipo funcional da planta. Estima-se, por exemplo, que os compostos naturais como isopreno e terpenos presentes na troposfera são cerca de 90\% e 50\%, respectivamente, removidos da atmosfera por oxidação realizada por radical hidroxila (OH). Além disso, os produtos de oxidação do isopreno podem contribuir para a formação de aerossóis orgânicos secundários (AOS), afetando o clima e alterando as propriedades e o ciclo hidrológico das nuvens. Considerando a importância dessas emissões e a reação do radical hidroxila na atmosfera, o experimento SAMBBA (do inglês, South American Biomass Burning Analysis), que ocorreu durante a estação seca (setembro de 2012) na Floresta Amazônica, forneceu informações sobre a composição química da atmosfera através de observações aéreas. Embora focado principalmente nos voos ocorridos durante a queima de biomassa, o projeto SAMBBA realizou outros voos que forneceram dados indiretos de capacidade oxidativa em diferentes ambientes: voos dominados por emissão natural e voos com queima de biomassa com plumas frescas e envelhecidas. Neste estudo, avaliamos a capacidade oxidativa da floresta amazônica em diferentes ambientes, tanto para a atmosfera não poluída quanto para atmosfera perturbada pela queima de biomassa usando a razão [MVK + MACR] / [Isoprene]. Além disso, propomos uma melhoria na formulação do cálculo da densidade indireta de OH, usando o envelhecimento fotoquímico [O$_{3}$] / [CO] como parâmetro. Usando uma abordagem sinérgica, balanceando modelagem numérica e observações diretas, o modelo numérico BRAMS foi acoplado ao modelo de emissão MEGAN para obter um melhor resultado para isopreno e OH na atmosfera, representando as observações durante a campanha do SAMBBA. Em relação à estimativa de OH, observamos uma melhora nos valores de concentração usando o modelo de reação sequencial modificada, tanto para os regimes de queima de biomassa quanto para região pristina. Também detectamos eventos de transporte de longo alcance de O3 durante o experimento SAMBBA, considerando os altos níveis de O$_{3}$ em plumas envelhecidas em altitudes elevadas (5.500 - 6.500 m) e a detecção de um influxo de O$_{3}$ na bacia amazônica proveniente da África. Essas descobertas sustentam a importância dos eventos de transporte de longo alcance como fonte de O$_{3}$ na troposfera da bacia amazônica, o que poderia até alterar a composição atmosférica dentro da camada limite planetária e alterar a capacidade oxidativa da região. Os resultados do modelo mostraram uma correlação razoável para a concentração de isopreno, embora fosse necessária mais investigação para a simulação de OH.
Kjellin, Sofia. "Political leaders' motives to action : An analysis of Jair Bolsonaro's and Emmanuel Macron's motives in the Amazon rainforest fires". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91153.
Texto completoJessen, Rosa Raquel. "Behavior and Ecology of Neotropical Tree Squirrels in Seasonally Flooded Forests in the Peruvian Amazon". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293536.
Texto completoda, Motta Amadeu Flavia Regina. "Reflecting on capabilities and interactions between designers and local producers through the materiality of the rubber from the Amazon rainforest". Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/12018/.
Texto completoStark, Scott C. "On the Mechanistic Connection of Forest Canopy Structure with Productivity and Demography in the Amazon". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265347.
Texto completoWoebbe, Eric. "Survey of a Neotropical anuran assemblage (Pacaya-Samiria Reserve, Peru)". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1493154522047725.
Texto completoKuahara, Tomita Chris. "Creación de una ONG como alternativa de gestión de impactos sociales. Caso : Empresa Amazon Rainforest Conservation en la Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2011. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1383.
Texto completoTesis
Boulton, Christopher Andrew. "Early warning signals of environmental tipping points". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18568.
Texto completoPaulo, Carla Moura de. "As políticas de biodiversidade e de mudanças climáticas: (des) articulações e reflexos sobre o mosaico de conservação do Cristalino/ MT". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-13072016-110405/.
Texto completoThe climate change is one of the major challenges of contemporary society, especially regarding its effects on the nature environment and biodiversity. The risks of climate change is not well known yet, and its consequences for biodiversity are being discovered at the moment. However, its impacts are beyond the changes in the natural environment and are also reflected at the policies and global relations. So, this paper analyzes the interrelationships between public policies on biodiversity and on climate change, considering the different scales of operation. It aims to identify how a world order problem unfolds at the local level. Thus, it verifies the situation of the public policies that impact on the brazilian Amazon, which the case study is the mosaic formed by the Parque Estadual e RPPN do Cristalino, located in Mato Grosso.
Ciemer, Catrin [Verfasser], Jürgen [Gutachter] Kurths, Marina [Gutachter] Hirota y Holger [Gutachter] Lange. "Complex systems analysis of changing rainfall regimes in South America and their implications for the Amazon rainforest / Catrin Ciemer ; Gutachter: Jürgen Kurths, Marina Hirota, Holger Lange". Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189146568/34.
Texto completoSouza, Dennis Góss de. "Comparative analyses of microbial phylogenetic and functional processes following long-term land-use change". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-05012016-152905/.
Texto completoNos últimos anos, ecologistas microbianos aumentaram drasticamente seus esforços para elucidar a \"caixa preta\" dos padrões e processos que modulam a diversidade e funcionalidade dos microrganismos do solo, examinando sua diversidade genética (e.g. através de metagenômica) e medindo suas características funcionais. O objetivo dessa tese foi avaliar a interação dos processos ecológicos de dispersão, diversificação, seleção e deriva gênica, sobre (1) as comunidades microbianas do solo, após a conversão da floresta em pastagem ou plantio direto, em longo período e (2) sobre as comunidades microbianas da rizosfera de soja, em sistema de plantio direto, em longo período. O cultivo de pastagens em longo período levou a uma seleção homogeneizante das comunidades microbianas, reduzindo a beta-diversidade, com conseguinte alteração em funções no solo relacionadas ao estresse. O plantio direto em longo período levou a uma menor alteração da diversidade, com manutenção das funções encontradas na floresta. A planta de soja demonstrou poder de seleção homogeneizante, e este aumentou com o tempo. Contudo, as funções selecionadas na rizosfera foram mantidas, indicando resiliência funcional.
Silva, Larissa Irene da. "Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e análise fitoquímica preliminar de plantas medicinais utilizadas pelas populações da região do Vale do Juruena e microrregião no Norte Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil". Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/693.
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CNPq
As doenças infecciosas estão entre as dez principais causas de óbitos no mundo. Os produtos naturais são fontes importantes de antibióticos. Sendo assim este trabalho se propõe a avaliar a atividade antibacteriana, antioxidante e bioprospectar alguns metabólitos secundários de plantas de uso popular na região do Vale do Juruena, e microrregião do Norte Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Uma amostra de cada planta foi depositada no depositadas no Herbário da UFMT e no HERBAM. Os extratos das 99 espécies foram obtidos por maceração em solução hidroetanólica a 70%. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pelo método microdiluição em caldo, pelo qual se determinou a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Claritromicina e anfotericina (0,39 - 50 μg/mL), foram utilizadas como padrões, bacterianos e fúngicos, respectivamente. A capacidade antioxidante foi determinada pelos ensaios de DPPH, FRAP e NO usando-se ácido ascórbico como padrão, e, para este último quercetina. Dois extratos hidroetanólicos destacaram-se pelo amplo espectro de atividade antibacteriana: Bauhinia glabra (EHBg) e Terminalia argentea (EHTa). O EHBg apresentou boa atividade antibacteriana frente à Klebsiella pneumoniae (CIM = 25 μg/mL), moderada frente a Enterococcus faecalis (CIM = 200 μg/mL) e Streptococcus pyogenes (CIM = 400 μg/mL) e fraca atividade contra Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Bacillus subtilis (CIM = 800 μg/mL). O EHTa apresentou moderada atividade contra Staphylococcus aureus (CIM = 200 μg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Bacillus subtilis (CIM = 400 μg/mL). Dois extratos hidroetanólicos destacaram-se pelo amplo espectro de atividade antifúngico: Bertholletia excelsa (EHBe), Cochlospermum regium (EHCch)e Qualea grandiflora (EHQg). O EHBe apresentou moderada atividade contra Aspergillus terreus (CIM = 100 μg/mL), Aspergillus fumigatus (CIM = 200 μg/mL), Candida glabrata e Cryptococcus neoformans (CIM = 400 μg/mL), e fraca atividade contra Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis (CIM = 800 μg/mL).O EHCch apresentou boa atividade contra Penicillium verrucosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes e Microsporum gypseum (CIM = 6,25 μg/mL), moderada contra Candida albicans, Candida albicans fluconazol-resistente, Aspergillus fumigatus (CIM = 400 μg/mL) e fraca contra Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus e Aspergillus terreus (CIM = 800 μg/mL). O EHQg demonstrou boa atividade frente a Trichophyton rubrum (CIM = 12,5 μg/mL) e fraca atividade contra Candida albicans, Candida albicans fluconazol-resistente, Candida tropicalis e Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, e Aspergillus terreus (CIM = 800 μg/mL). Se destacaram pela sua atividade antioxidante, nos modelos de DPPH e FRAP, respectivamente, EHBe (CI50 = 0,39 ± 0,08 e 65,00 ± 8,67 μg/mL), Cariniana rubra (CI50 = 0,44 ± 016 E 64,00 ± 4,43 μg/mL) e Cedrela odorata (IC50 = 0,56 ± 0,08 and 56,37 ± 0,75μg/mL), nenhum extrato hidroetanólico testado exibiu CI no modelo de NO. Os teores de fenois totais nos extratos hidroetanólicos variaram de 0,06 a 10,91 mgEAt/g, os de flavonoides totais de 0,01 a 4,40 mgER/g e os de cumarinas, apresentarajm variação de 0,011 a 2,09 mgEC/g. Os resultados apontam a existência de componentes biológicamente ativos nas plantas medicinais da região do Vale do Juruena e microrregião no Norte Araguaia, ratificando seu o uso popular para o tratamento de infecções. Essas propriedades revelaram um grande potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidante dos extratos que poderiam ser aplicados futuramente na indústria farmacêutica, alimentar e cosmética.
Infectious diseases are among the ten leading causes of deaths worldwide. Natural products are important sources of antibiotics. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity, antioxidant and bioprospect some secondary metabolites of popular use of plants in the region of the Juruena Valley and micro-region in North Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. A sample of each was deposited in deposited in the Herbarium of UFMT and HERBAM. The extracts of the 99 species were obtained by maceration in hydroethanol 70% solution. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the microdilution broth method by which it was determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), clarithromycin and amphotericin (0,39 - 50 μg/mL), were used as standards, bacterial and fungal, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, FRAP and NO using ascorbic acid as a standard, and for the latter quercetin. Two hydroethanolic statements highlighted by the broad spectrum of antibacterial activity: Bauhinia glabra (EHBg) and Terminalia argentea (EHTa). The EHBg showed good antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 25 μg/mL), moderate against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 200 μg/mL) and Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC = 400 μg/mL) and weak activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 800 μg/mL). The EHTa showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 200 μg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 400 μg/mL). Two hydroethanolic extracts highlighted by the broad spectrum of antifungal activity: Bertholletia excelsa (EHBe), Cochlospermum regium (EHCch) andd Qualea grandiflora (EHQg). The EHBe showed moderate activity against Aspergillus terreus (MIC = 100 μg/mL), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC = 200 μg/mL), Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC = 400 μg/mL), and weak activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (MIC = 800 μg/mL). The EHCch showed good activity against Penicillium verrucosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum (MIC = 6,25 μg/mL), moderate against Candida albicans, Candida albicans fluconazole-resistent, Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC = 400 μg/mL) and weak against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus terreus (MIC = 800 μg/mL). The EHQg showed good activity against Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 12,5 μg/mL) and weak against Candida albicans, Candida albicans fluconazole-resistent, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus terreus (MIC = 800 μg/mL). Stood out for their antioxidant activity in models of DPPH and FRAP, respectively, EHBe (IC50 = 0,39 ± 0,08 e 65,00 ± 8,67 μg/mL), Cariniana rubra (IC50 = 0,44 ± 016 E 64,00 ± 4,43 μg/mL) and Cedrela odorata (IC50 = 0,56 ± 0,08 and 56,37 ± 0,75μg/mL), no hydroethanolic extract tested exhibited IC in the model. The total phenols content in hydroethanolic extracts ranged from 0,06 - 10,91 mgEAt/g, the total flavonoids 0,01 a 4,40 mgER/g and the coumarins showed variation from 0,011 - 2,09 mgEC/g. The results show the existence of biologically active components in medicinal plants Juruena Valley region and micro region in North Araguaia, confirming its popular use for the treatment of infections. These properties showed strong antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of extracts that could be applied in the future in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics.
Silva, Carine Klauberg. "Potencial produtivo e de manejo de dois produtos florestais não madeireiros no contexto Amazônico - o cipó-titica (Heteropsis spp.) e o óleo de copaíba (Copaifera spp.)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-12082014-111232/.
Texto completoThe oleoresin of copaiba (Copaifera spp.) and the fibers of the roots of cipó-titica (Heteropsis spp.) are non-timber forest products of great social and economic importance, especially for communities in the Amazon region. However, there are few studies that help to define and improve laws and management practices. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by assessing the biotic and abiotic factors that affect the development and productivity of these species. The first chapter deals with the species of Copaifera, and oleoresin production per tree, cycles and population structure. With 118 copaibeiras sampled in up to three extractions in cycles of one to five years, logistic regression and multiple linear models were tested to evaluate factors related to the production. Still, the physical productivity (oleoresin) was evaluated, and monetary (net present value) at the end of each cycle, under the deterministic and stochastic scenarios. As a result, the diameter, the presence of pests, the quality of the canopy/trunk, and species cycles were relevant in connection with the probability of bigger production oleoresin. The production was related to the cycle, extraction and species, and the three-year cycle was more feasible, both in the monetary or production perspectives, and in both scenarios. In the second chapter we discuss Heteropsis spp. productivity in terms of quantity and quality of roots. It was evaluated after two years of harvest, with cutting intensities of 50% and 100%. Moreover, in other forest areas, we inventoried another population of Heteropsis, and tested sampling methods that arrange to higher efficiency, smaller sampling error and better estimation of production per area. Poisson regression was used to compare the sample units between periods (2009-2011) and cutting treatments, and analysis of variance to assess the effect of treatments on soil characteristics. Simulations were performed to test different sampling methods (random and systematic) with different sizes and shapes of plots. In summary, the cycle of handling up to two years and extractions of commercial roots above 50% proved to be not feasible to ensure productivity and quality of the roots of Heteropsis. Therefore, systematic or random sampling, with intensities ranging from 15-20%, and plots of 250-300 m² produce good estimates of production, with errors below 15%.
Mosnier, Emilie. "Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et épidémiques en milieu isolé Amazonien". Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0007/document.
Texto completoPublic health data in isolated areas of French Guiana are scarce. However, a number of different communities live in tropical forest areas.The principal objective of this study is to analyse the main epidemiological data that have resulted from clinical practice and investigations conducted at health centres in isolated areas of French Guiana and its borders. The results of HIV studies have highlighted particular events that promote the spread of outbreaks. Illegal gold miners therefore represent a significant number of cases. The importance of specific geographical border areas in epidemic dynamics has also been demonstrated. Investigations on shigellosis, influenza and, most importantly, on thiamine deficiency outbreaks in gold miners underline that precarious conditions lead to poor health. Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks among immunocompetent children also reflect the multifactorial dynamics of infectious diseases, including human behaviour and the characteristics of tropical ecosystems. The severity and diversity of parasitic, viral and bacterial co-infection associated to the need for nutrition security indicates the complexity of delivering medical care to remote populations. Finally, a study on malaria has attempted to offer a novel approach to identifying and treating asymptomatic infections in an Amerindian endemic transmission area. A description of the health status of neglected populations in remote areas is crucial to implementing a health policy in French Guiana. Considering the importance of controlling communicable disease and the severity and range of specific illnesses, new strategies are needed and should be discussed with the communities involved
Sampaio, Shaula Maíra Vicentini de. "“Uma floresta tocada apenas por homens puros...” ou do que aprendemos com os discursos contemporâneos sobre a amazônia". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49082.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with a discursive network from which some truths about the Amazon rainforest are produced (and taught). Among them is the understanding that the socalled traditional populations present modes of inhabiting this space and relating to nature from this region which are considered more appropriate and sustainable than others. In this way, the chief argument developed in this study aims to point out that the notion of sustainability acts as a strategic tool in the regulation and establishment of relations processed between traditional populations and the Amazon rainforest. Based on this, contemporary discourses on the Amazon and the people who live there were the focus of the analysis of texts published in Brazilian newspapers of wide circulation between the years 2007 and 2011. The theoretical perspective which guided this study falls within the field of Cultural Studies, making use, also, of theories of the philosopher Michel Foucault (such as the notions of device and discourse). In order to address the conditions that have allowed the emergence of contemporary discourses on the Amazon rainforest and its "traditional" inhabitants, some issues which have historically contributed to the invention of different ways of thinking and acting in relation to the Amazon are discussed here; contemplating from the narratives produced in the colonial period to recent environmental discourses about the devastation of the forest. The notion of traditional population is also problematized, since there has been a lot of controversy surrounding this concept, especially those relating to the linkage of such a notion with the idea of a "ecologically noble savage". It is worth mentioning that, in the analysis, were defined themes that focused on the following aspects: 1) the tensions and deadlocks between the "developmental" and "preservationists" discourses followed by the proposition of the idea of sustainable development as an alternative to solve the conflicts in the Amazon; 2) the statements which highlight the importance of traditional populations for conservation of biodiversity, since it is attributed to them a life style considered more "pure" and "integrated with nature"; 3) the intensive insertion of the Amazon forest and traditional populations in the networks of transnational capitalism, especially through the dissemination of the discourses about global climate change. In summary, based on the discussions that follow this study, one can say that – as we flip through the pages of newspapers – we have learned many lessons about the Amazon rainforest and its traditional populations, but, perhaps, the most important one concerns the incisive role that the market has been taking in the game forces relative to what should be done with the forest and its inhabitants. Thus, the lines of the sustainability device grow intense, producing new forms of regulation of the forest and the people who live there. Moreover, it is important to consider that these lessons we have learned from the contemporary discourses on the Amazon also relate to issues which involve and call us to take a stand with respect to environmental discourses, economic discourses, the discourses on sustainability, among many others.
Douine, Maylis. "Epidémiologie du paludisme chez les personnes travaillant sur des sites d’orpaillage illégal en Guyane : Quels enjeux pour la santé publique ?" Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0006/document.
Texto completoIntroduction: Although official data show a global decrease of malaria in French Guiana, this disease often affects illegal gold miners working in the deep Amazonian forest. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the malaria prevalence in this population. The secondary objectives were to evaluate and map the proportion of Plasmodium species, to assess behavior, attitudes and practices regarding malaria in this population, to measure the artemisinin resistance level in parasites and to evaluate their general health. Material and methods: Inclusions took place at the gold miners’ resting sites, spread along the Maroni river. After recording their informed consent, a malaria rapid test was performed, as well as a questionnaire, a clinical exam and a blood sample for microscopy, PCR and resistance test (RSA and PfK13 genotyping for P. falciparum positive samples). Results: From January to June 2015, 421 gold miners were included, mainly men (sex ratio 2.4), Brazilian nationals (93.8%), with a median age of 37 years. Plasmodium prevalence using PCR was 22.3% (CI95%: 18.3 - 26.3), of whom 84% were asymptomatic. During the last malaria attack, 52.4% selfmedicated with artemisinin derivatives (93.8%) and a poor treatment adherence (37.8%). Being in French Guiana when the malaria attack occurred was strongly associated with selfmedication (AOR=22.1). One sample showed a survival rate higher than 1% in RSA test but PfK13 genotyping did not reveal any mutation in P. falciparum. Discussion: This high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers constitutes a huge reservoir for malaria transmission in the region. Massive use of artemisinin derivatives associated with poor treatment adherence are factors that may contribute to the emergence of artemisinin resistance. That would have huge sanitary and economical consequences. With political will, actions are possible to limit this risk, as the distribution of kits for self diagnosis and self-treatment with training on resting sites
Adenis, Antoine. "L’histoplasmose chez le patient infecté par le VIH en Guyane française". Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0014/document.
Texto completoHistoplasmosis is an invasive fungal infection, known as one of the first AIDS-defining condition and AIDS-related deaths in French Guiana.Several scientific programmes were conducted. Ranked as the main AIDS-defining condition, histoplasmosis incidence was estimated at 1.5 p100 person-years HIV-infected. The high number of incident cases was stable and the proportion of early deaths was <10%. Following a significant increase in incidence between the end of the long dry season and the beginning of the short wet season, new infection might be the main pathophysiological mechanism leading to symptomatic disease in endemic areas. Comparison of tuberculosis and histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients found a respiratory clinical picture in a context of pronounced inflammation and, a disseminated disease along with cytopenia and liver test abnormalities in individuals with greater immunosuppression, respectively. An evaluation of galactomannan antigen detection in serum was relevant for histoplasmosis diagnosis. Reframed severity criteria and arguments for an empiric strategy using antifungal therapy were proposed.Preliminary results showed the presence (in Suriname and Guyana) and a high incidence of histoplasmosis among HIV-infected patients in Suriname. In the whole Latin American region, we estimated that AIDS-related histoplasmosis deaths were similar or greater than AIDS-related tuberculosis deaths. HIV-associated histoplasmosis is in fact neglected, largely unknown and responsible for numerous avoidable deaths in Latin America
Campos, Érica Ferraz de. "Emissão de CO2 da madeira serrada da Amazônia: o caso da exploração convencional". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-12062013-170523/.
Texto completoEnvironmental information of materials and products are essential for sustainability management in construction. Due to climate change, CO2 emission of products are relevant to inventory buildings and projects and to guide professionals\' and consumers decisions. Based on Material Flow Analysis, this research aim to quantify CO2 emission factor of Amazon lumber from conventional logging. The study included stages of logging, transportation of logs, sawing and lumber transportation. CO2 emissions from residues of biomass and energy consumption were considered in quantification. The results are presented in ranges for each stage of chain production, in order to incorporate uncertainties and variations of forest characteristics and procedures. Quantification was mainly based on literature; interviews with logging companies were used to define energy consumption. Amazon rainforest is composed of 200 t/ha to 425 t/ha of above ground dry biomass, which depends on forest region, and stocks between 98 tC/ha and 208 tC/ha. In conventional logging 3-9 trees per hectare are usually extracted, estimated as 4% to 14% of forest biomass. During logging, from 7% to 33% of the forest biomass is damaged to open trails, fall trees and remove commercial logs. The damaged biomass is usually left at forest, where it decomposes, causing CO2 emissions. In sawmills, at least 54% of the biomass is transformed into residues, which are burned or degraded, other CO2 source. Combining forest and sawmill residues, from 5.0 t residues/ t lumber to 8.5 t/t are generated. The CO2 emissions from residues of biomass, per unit of processed roundwood, are estimated from 3.4 tCO2/t to 9.7 tCO2/t. Energy consumed in extraction, logs transportation and sawing contribute with 0.02 tCO2/t to 0.12 tCO2/t of processed roundwood. At the end of the production, emissions were estimated from 7.5 tCO2/t to 28.4 tCO2/t of lumber, equivalent to 5.2 tCO2/m³ to 19.6 tCO2/m³. Lumber transportation from sawmills to consumer market is another stage that increases emissions from 0.03 tCO2/t to 0.12 tCO2/t of lumber, if admitted 1,956 km, the estimated average distance for legal Amazon lumber transportation in Brazil. CO2 emission factor of Amazon lumber may contribute to mitigation policies in wood sector, as well as guide initiatives of public sector, construction sector and consumers. The destruction of forest biomass was identified as the main influence on CO2 emission factor of Amazon lumber. To minimize CO2 emissions the conventional model of exploitation need to be revised, what would also promote Amazon rainforest conservation. The use of residues from forest and sawmills is another relevant opportunity to reduce environmental impact of lumber. The contribution of Amazon lumber in Brazilian CO2 emissions, based on 2005 data, was estimated from 3.5% to 13.1%. To propose effective actions, the impact of logging in different models of exploitation must be measured in different regions of Amazon forest.
Trevizor, Tássio Ticiano. "Anatomia comparada do lenho de 64 espécies arbóreas de ocorrência natural na floresta tropical amazônica no estado do Pará". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-02082011-132019/.
Texto completoStudies of macro and microscopic wood anatomy as an auxiliary tool in taxonomy, particularly in the identification of forest tree species, have been used for decades. Comparative analysis of the wood anatomical structure allows the identification of unique morphological characteristics of the orders, families, genera, and in many cases, species, increasing the range of characters used in the botanical description and identification of tree species by classical taxonomy. In this work, techniques were used for comparative analysis and description of the anatomical structure of macro and microscopic wood tree species, that occur naturally in the Amazon rainforest in the Santarém, Mojú Paragominas and Tailândia cities, in Pará State. The aims of the study were (i) to characterize the macro and microscopic anatomical wood structure, (ii) identify the characteristics of taxonomic value through a comparative analysis of the wood anatomical structure, (iii) prepare the keys for species identification by macroscopic and microscopic wood anatomical structure. Were analyzed 100 wood samples from 64 tree species collected in 2004, in the project Dendrogene/Embrapa Amazonia Oriental. The surface of wood samples was polished with sandpaper and knives, according to their macro description; histological wood sections were prepared with razor sliding microtome, for microscopic wood description. The results allowed for the comparative analysis of the anatomical wood structure, to produce the macroscopic identification keys to 49 species of 51 genera. The genera Hymenolobium and Virola species with 4 and 2, respectively, could not be separated. The results from comparative wood anatomy showed evidence of 25 tree species with high potential for dendrochronological studies in order to distinct tree-ring presence (10 species) and barely distinct tree-rings (15 species). The application of wood anatomy, as an important tool with the potential of forest species taxonomy is discussed in this paper.
Epelboin, Loïc. "Émergence de zoonoses en Amazonie : épidémiologie comparée de la leptospirose et de la fièvre Q en Guyane française". Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0013/document.
Texto completoAmong the numerous infectious diseases of interest in French Guiana (FG), two of them, two zoonoses, have recently experienced a revival of interest leading in a few years to a marked improvement in their knowledge. Several studies allowed as well discovering unexpected epidemiological features that have led us to question their emerging or reemerging character.Although cosmopolitan and with tropical a tropism, leptospirosis has been barely described in FG and on the Guiana Shield. The literature is old and reports only clinical cases or series, the most recent publication dating back to 1995. Several studies are presented in this work which have allowed to know a little more about this bacterial infection: exhaustive review of the literature, retrospective study of the reference national center reports, a retrospective multicenter study on leptos-piroses managed in FG between 2007 and 2014, with analysis of its determinants, demographic, ecological, clinical, sero-epidemiological, and a study comparing Guianese severe forms to those of North Africa.Although its presence had been suspected as early as the 1950s in FG, Q fever or Coxiella burnetii infection had not aroused interest locally until the late 1990s. The work here presents the progression of the knowledge of this bacterial infection, also cosmopolitan, but with unusual local specificities. In the course of the discoveries around this Guianese outbreak, we will present the contribution of our team to the progression of knowledge on this pathology and the contribution of answers bringing as much new questions. Thus the discussion will focus on this particular genotype, MST17, found exclusively in FG, which results in the highest incidence of Q fever in the world, a prevalence among pneumonias never found elsewhere. Moreover, the epidemiological cycle of the bacterium, usually based on livestock, seems to follow a completely different path and find its reservoir in wildlife. We also wonder about the contrast between the major public health problems that this disease represents in FG and the anecdotal character in the rest of Latin America.Finally, although these two zoonotic diseases may be described as "new diseases" in FG, it is likely that leptospirosis presents a recent increase in the number of cases related to the improvement of diagnostic techniques and the sensitization of physicians to this disease, but without real emergence, while Q fever seems to present a true emergent profile, with a recent increase in its incidence, and many unknowns linked to a very particular genotype.Many questions concerning these two infections remain unanswered, and the work is immense to better understand the stakes of these two diseases, both on the scale of FG and that of the Amazonian region and the Latin American continent
Medeiros, João Carlos. "Funções de pedotransferência em estudos do funcionamento hídrico do solo da região sudeste do estado do Pará". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-26032012-105416/.
Texto completoThe understanding of soil water attributes, such as infiltration, drainage, solute movement and water availability for plants, needs the knowledge of the relationship between water content and soil matric potential, represented by the soil water retention curve (SWRC). However, the determination of the SWRC demands considerable time and has a relatively high cost. An alternative is to model its determination using pedotransfer functions (PTF) that calculate the SWRC parameters using easily obtainable soil attributes. The aim of this study was to use PTF to quantify the effects of changing land use on soil hydro-physical attributes at three locations in southern Pará. The database obtained in the project \"Ecosystem services and sustainable agroforestry landscapes in Eastern Amazonia\" was used in order to obtain soil texture data (sand, silt and clay), bulk density (Bd), organic carbon (OC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the SWRC. First, 16 PTF found in the literature were evaluated (8 estimating the empirical parameters of the van Genuchten (1980) model and 8 to estimate soil moisture at specific matric potentials). Later, aiming at a greater predictive ability, a PTF was developed using the technique of multiple regression and the soil attributes determined in the project. The best PTF were used to estimate the model parameters of van Genuchten (1980) at the locations where there was no SWRC data. These results were used to determine the changes in pore distribution due to land use using principal component analysis (PCA). These changes were also associated with changes in content of OC and Bd using multivariate analysis. Of the FPT found in the literature the one that showed the best performance was the FPT developed by Tomasella et al. (2000), however, the evaluation performed showed poor results when the data was extrapolated to the locations where no SWRC were determined. The results presented by the FPT developed in this work showed a better efficiency in determining the SWRC in the locations that did not have this information. The PCA analysis performed on this data identified a large variability among the measured and estimated soil attributes. Because of this variability, there were no marked differences in soil attributes depending on land use. For this, more detailed studies are necessary at a increasing scale and/or at the soil class level.
Amaral, Mayka Danielle Brito. "Monopolização do território e carvoejamento na Amazônia: a produção do carvão vegetal nos assentamentos e acampamentos de reforma agrária e nas carvoeiras tradicionais de Rondon do Pará". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-20062012-150427/.
Texto completoThe paper concerns the territory monopolization process by the capital, present in steel industries, starting from the charcoal production that takes place in the city of Rondon do Pará, located southeastern of the state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The steel industries constitute the capital materialization, considered uneven, combined and contradictory, that when implemented in the Amazon promoted a subordination relationship of several social actors in different cities, for the production of charcoal. Among these cities, this paper emphasizes the reality of Rondon do Pará, which produces charcoal since the beginning of the steel production in the Amazon. Thus, it was sought to characterize and analyze the territory monopolization due to the charcoal production activity in this city, where it was verified that such production has taken place though employment capitalist production relations and rural non-capitalist production relations. In addition to the traditional charcoal production, through reuse of sawmills and livestock waste, and primary and secondary deforestation, this activity has been introduced in the land reform rural settlements and camps and has substituted food production. Thus, the territory monopolization by the steel industries, starting from the charcoal production, takes place through the appropriation of land peasantry income and surplus value extraction, in traditional charcoal production areas as well as in charcoal production areas located in the interior of land reform rural settlements and camps in the city of Rondon do Pará.
Ganade, Gislene Da Silva. "Seedling establishment in Amazon rain forest and old-fields". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339196.
Texto completoSchmall, Susanne. "Das Ökotourismusprogramm der Organización de Pueblos Indígenas de Pastaza (OPIP) im Amazonastiefland Ecuadors". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14437.
Texto completoThe Organisation of Indigenous People of Pastaza (OPIP) was founded in 1979 to defend the land rights of the indigenous people Quichua, Shiwiar and Záparo in the province of Pastaza in Ecuador?s Amazonian rainforest. The present case study of the OPIP and its Ecotourism Program answers the question, whether an indigenous grass-roots organisation has the capability to implement self-determined development by conserving the natural resources in its territory. The organisational and institutional reliance of the Program on the OPIP hindered the development process of the Program in four communities. The OPIP interfered with political criteria in the Program and gave some project staff additional political tasks to their program-related functions. With the quest for economic resource management and the essential participatory project planning with the communities has been neglected. The author concludes, that income generating projects can not be succesfully implemented by indigenous organisations as the implementation bodies, and that they divert those organisations from their genuine political and strategic development tasks. The organisations neither achieve auto-financing, nor the conservation of natural resources in their territories. Instead of implementing such projects, indigenous organisations should facilitate the direct cooperation between communities and development organisations, and should use their experiences to formulate economic and ecological strategic goals and steps to achieve them. Development organisiations should support indigenous organisations through institutional strengthening as well as organisational and political assistance.
Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez. "Comunidades ribeirinhas, engenheiros e conservação da floresta: construção participativa do espaço tecnológico em empreendimentos econômicos solidários na Amazônia". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3638.
Texto completoFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The purpose of this research is to analyse the participatory construction of the technological space of a solidarity economy organization of production and commercialization of Brazil nuts integrated by inhabitants of riverside communities of the Lower Madeira River, in Rondônia. The restore of household extractive economies is one of the proposals of forest peoples social movements to match life quality improvement and environmental conservation. This opposes to the hegemonic model of development of the Amazon Rainforest region, based on technocratic state intervention, which is responsible for the harsh social and environmental crises that hit the region and which has in the expel of.traditional forest people from their home lands one of the most perverse effects. New extractive economies have two features that also oppose the early rubber tapping period. Firstly it is based on democratic work relations, what suggest a connection with solidarity economy movement. On the other hand, it purposes it should incorporate new technologies which would radically improve productive forces, calling for integration with social technology movement. Exploring the existing synergies of these counter-hegemonic movements, the dissertation aims to demonstrate that engineers, technologists and other professionals involved with technological development may assume an important role to merge community strengthen and forest conservation. To do so, the methodology developed by Herrera (1981), alluding to the generation and technology for rural areas, is taken as an important reference. The scope of this method is adapted to be applicable to a solidarity economy organization including extractivists of the Lower Madeira River producing and commercializing Brazil nuts. Recognizing the social character of rational systems, the methodology demands qualified participation of the workers and results in the technological space of the organization, agreed upon the associated producers and the professionals aiming to support them. The experience of the adapted method proved to be effective, pointing out that real engagement of specialists with social transformation demands the capacity of dialoguing with groups which and usually considered irrelevant in the technological development process.
O trabalho busca analisar a construção participativa do espaço tecnológico de um empreendimento econômico solidário de produção e comercialização de castanha da Amazônia formado por moradores de comunidades ribeirinhas do Baixo Rio Madeira, em Rondônia. A revigoração da economia extrativista constitui uma das propostas dos movimentos sociais de populações tradicionais da floresta, buscando compatibilizar a melhoria na qualidade de vida com a conservação ambiental. Contrapõe-se, assim, ao modelo de desenvolvimento baseado na intervenção tecnocrática do Estado, responsável pela instauração da crise socioambiental vivenciada atualmente na região, que tem no violento processo de desterritorialização de comunidades tradicionais, um de seus componentes mais perversos. O novo extrativismo tem duas características fundamentais para sua viabilização e que o diferenciam do extrativismo praticado durante os ciclos da borracha. Primeiramente, ele se baseia em formas democráticas de organização do trabalho, o que sugere o diálogo com o movimento da economia solidária. Além disso, propõe a melhoria da qualidade das forças produtivas por meio da incorporação de novas tecnologias, o que aponta para interação com o movimento da tecnologia social. Ao explorar as sinergias existentes entre esses movimentos contra-hegemônicos, a dissertação busca mostrar que engenheiros, tecnólogos e outros especialistas envolvidos com o desenvolvimento tecnológico podem assumir um papel importante para compatibilizar o fortalecimento das comunidades da floresta e a conservação da Amazônia. Para tanto, toma-se como referência a metodologia desenvolvida por Herrera (1981), voltada para áreas rurais, que foi adaptada para a geração e avaliação de tecnologias em empreendimentos econômicos solidários e aplicada no âmbito da produção e comercialização coletivas de castanha pelos extrativistas do Baixo Madeira. Tal método reconhece o caráter social dos sistemas racionais, demandando a participação qualificada dos produtores e tem como resultado o espaço tecnológico do empreendimento, que corresponde a uma agenda pactuada com os associados para a atuação de profissionais engajados em seu apoio. Sua aplicação junto aos produtores se mostrou eficaz, contribuindo para evidenciar que o efetivo engajamento de especialistas com a transformação social demanda disposição para dialogar com grupos cujas formas de enxergar o mundo e saberes são muitas vezes vistas como irrelevantes no processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico.
Stafford, Ciara. "Impacts of indigenous communities on the biodiversity of neotropical rainforests". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impacts-of-indigenous-communities-on-the-biodiversity-of-neotropical-rainforests(613e8c12-bf09-428b-98fc-eacb96845bcf).html.
Texto completoSouza, Viviane Figueiredo. "Mecanismos da ciclagem do nitrogênio e emissão de óxido nitroso (N2O) em solos de diferentes latitudes". Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4407.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ
O nitrogênio (N) é um elemento imprescindível para todos os organismos do nosso planeta, entretanto o composto nitrogenado mais abundante, o gás dinitrogênio (N2), é assimilável apenas por poucos micro-organismos. Isso torna o N limitante, refletindo na sua disponibilização via mineralização de matéria orgânica (MO) e a nitrificação, que produzem amônio (NH4+) e nitrato (NO3-), respectivamente. Em solos, esses processos são regulados por fatores como conteúdo de MO e água no solo, pH e temperatura. Em ecossistemas florestais, tropicais e boreais, esses processos são muito relevantes e ainda pouco estudados, principalmente em áreas de floresta secundária sob influência de manejo. A mudança de uso do solo causa alterações na ciclagem e disponibilidade do N, nos fatores reguladores, e na emissão de óxido nitroso (N2O), um gás de efeito estufa. Padrões de recuperação florestal são bastante distintos entre diferentes florestas tropicais, como visto para floresta de Mata Atlântica e Amazônica, com taxas de mineralização em florestas jovens (10 anos) muito elevadas na Amazônia (20,9 μg N g-1 SWD d-1) e mais baixas na Mata Atlântica (3,2 μg N g-1 SWD d-1). Já a nitrificação teve um padrão semelhante, com baixas taxas em ambas as florestas jovens (0,6 6,8 μg N g-1 SWD d-1 na Mata Atlântica e Amazônia, respectivamente), o que indica uma ciclagem de N conservativa, evitando perdas via emissão de gás e lixiviação de NO3-. Entretanto, a emissão de N2O em área de restauração na Mata Atlântica foi maior do que na pristina (22 e 2,5 μg N2O-N g-1 SWD h-1, respectivamente) devido à maior temperatura do solo que estimula os processos microbianos produtores de N2O. Em termos de floresta pristina, a taxa de nitrificação foi bastante distinta entre a floresta de Mata Atlântica e Amazônica (0,08 e 15,9 μg N2O-N g-1 SWD h-1, respectivamente). Isso evidencia os diferentes fatores reguladores de cada região tropical, como regime de chuvas, composição vegetal, tipos de solo, etc. Em florestas boreais, foi visto que o conteúdo de MO e água do solo e o pH do solo são os principais reguladores, limitando a disponibilidade de N em florestas bem drenadas dominadas por coníferas, em comparação com florestas pouco drenadas dominadas por turfa. Dessa forma, verificamos que a mineralização e, principalmente, a nitrificação, são processos muito relevantes no controle de N, e mesmo em ecossistemas diferentes, os fatores reguladores muitas vezes são os mesmos. Isso evidencia a necessidade de mais estudos acerca da dinâmica do N nesses ambientes, principalmente em florestas em restauração
Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for all organisms; however, the most abundant nitrogen compound, dinitrogen (N2), is assimilable only by a few microorganisms. This makes N limiting, which reflects in its availability via organic matter (OM) mineralization and nitrification, which produce ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-), respectively. In soils, these processes are regulated by factors such as OM and soil water content, pH and temperature. In forest ecosystems, tropical and boreal, these processes are very relevant and still poorly understood, especially in secondary forest previously deforested. The land use change causes alterations in cycling and availability of N, regulating factors, and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas. Forest recovery patterns are quite distinct among different rainforests, as seen for Atlantic and Amazon rainforest, with very high levels of mineralization in young forests (10 years) in Amazonia (20.9 μg N2O-N g-1 SWD h-1) and low in the Atlantic Forest (3.2 μg N2O-N g-1 SWD h-1). Nitrification had a similar pattern between them, with low rates in both young forests (0.6 and 6.8 μg N2O-N g-1 SWD h-1 in the Atlantic and Amazon forest, respectively), indicating a conservative N cycling, avoiding losses through gas emission and NO3- leaching. However, the N2O emission in restoration area in the Atlantic Forest was higher than in pristine (22 and 2.5 μg N2O-N g-1 SWD h-1, respectively) due to the higher soil temperature, which stimulates microbial production of N2O. In terms of pristine forest, the nitrification rate was very different between the Atlantic forest and Amazonian forest (0.08 and 15.9 μg N2O-N g-1 SWD h-1, respectively), showing the different regulatory factors of each tropical region, such as rainfall regime, vegetal composition, soil types, etc. In boreal forests, OM, soil water content and soil pH were the main regulators, limiting the availability of N in conifer-dominated well-drained forests compared to peat-dominated poorly drained forests. In this way, we verified that mineralization and, mainly, nitrification are very relevant processes in the control of N, and even in extremely different ecosystems, the regulating factors are often the same. This evidences the need for more studies about N dynamics in these environments, especially in restoration forests
Metcalfe, P. R. "The late Quaternary history of the rainforest-savanna boundary in SW Amazonia". Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638185.
Texto completoGermer, Sonja. "Near-surface hydrology and hydrochemistry under contrasting land-cover". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1904/.
Texto completoDie Zerstörung von natürlicher Vegetation kann weit reichende Folgen auf den Wasser- und Nährstoffhaushalt von Ökosystemen haben. Der Landnutzungswandel vom Wald zur Weide ist heute in den Tropen ein wichtiges Thema. Eine nachhaltige Nutzung abgeholzter Gebiete setzt ein fundiertes Wissen des Wasser- und Nährstoffhaushaltes voraus. Darauf aufbauend wurden in dieser Studie das Abflussverhalten und die Nährstoffbilanzen von einem tropischem Regenwald und einer Weide verglichen. Außerdem wurde untersucht inwieweit die Nährstoffbilanzen vom Abflussverhalten abhängen. Die Untersuchungsgebiete liegen im südwestlichen brasilianischen Amazonasgebiet. Ein umfangreiches System zur Aufnahme von hydrologischen Daten und zum Sammeln von Wasserproben wurde aufgebaut. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass sich das Abflussverhalten durch die Landnutzung geändert hat. Die wichtigste Änderung vom Wald zur Weide war der gesteigerte Anteil des schnellen Wasserabflusses auf der Geländeoberfläche. Hieraus resultierten gesteigerte Nährstoffausträge aus der Weide gegenüber dem Wald. Ein weiterer Grund für die gesteigerten Nährstoffausträge sind die hohen Konzentrationen dieser Stoffe im Oberflächenabfluss der Weide, die vermutlich mit den Ausscheidungen des Viehs zusammenhängen. Es hat sich also gezeigt, dass der quasi-geschlossene Nährstoffkreislauf nach der Landnutzungsänderung nicht aufrecht erhalten werden konnte. Diese Arbeit liefert den ersten Versuch diese Nährstoffverluste zur quantifizieren.
Lamarca, Junior Mariano Rua. "O valor econômico do carbono emitido pelo processo de desmatamento da Amazônia como instrumento de conservação florestal". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9317.
Texto completoWe analyse in the this work the causes of deforestation of the Legal Amazonia and the environment subject present in the public policies for the region, including the Public Forests Management Law (Law 11.284/06), approved with the goal of regulating public forests management in Brazil and promoting the sustainable development. We discuss the Kyoto Protocol´s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) problem regarding forest conservation. Through a hypothetical scenario of zero deforestation and 100% of the not emitted carbon linked to forest conservation projects, we calculate that an economic revenue equivalent to the logging activities could be obtained, contributing to the maintenance of the climatic equilibrium because of the reduced Greenhouse Gases emissions, as well as keeping preserved the biodiversity and environment services values related to the standing forest. Nevertheless, appropriate regulations should be planned and implemented to achieve the desired goal, and the solution proposed in this work is in the convergence of the international laws regulating carbon markets and the native tropical forests protection laws
Analisamos neste trabalho as causas de desmatamento da Amazônia Legal e a questão ambiental presente nas políticas públicas para a região, incluindo a Lei de Gestão de Florestas Públicas (Lei 11.284/06), sancionada com o objetivo de regulamentar a gestão de florestas públicas no Brasil e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Discutimos o problema do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) do Protocolo de Kyoto na questão da conservação florestal. Através de um cenário hipotético de desmatamento zero e 100% do carbono não emitido vinculado a projetos de conservação florestal, calculamos que uma receita econômica equivalente à da exploração madeireira poderia ser obtida, contribuindo para a manutenção do equilíbrio climático pela reduzida emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa, bem como mantendo preservados os valores da biodiversidade e dos serviços ambientais relacionados à floresta em pé (não derrubada). Entretanto, marcos regulatórios adequados devem ser planejados e implementados para atingir o objetivo desejado, e a solução proposta neste trabalho situa-se na convergência das leis internacionais de regulação dos mercados de carbono e das leis de proteção das florestas tropicais nativas
Tra, Bi Zamblé Mathieu. "Polyphonie sur les médias socionumériques : le cas des interactions sur YouTube à propos des feux de forêt d’Amazonie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC002.
Texto completoThis study examines polyphonic enunciation in online writings, focusing on that which arises from and is induced by interactions on YouTube during the Amazon rainforest wildfires. After presenting the context and the concepts and theories related to polyphony, it proposes a methodological framework for analyzing polyphony that first captures the role of techno-semiotic, socio-economic, and psychosociological aspects of YouTube in polyphony, and then interrogates this polyphony at the level of other media actors mentioned from YouTube. This allows us to identify consistencies and changes in polyphonic configurations during our observation period and to show how these polyphonic configurations during the Amazon rainforest wildfires could be influenced by exogenous contextual variables. We also observe power dynamics when this polyphony is used as a strategy by various media actors involved in the social controversy surrounding the Amazon rainforest wildfires. This study complements previous research on editorial enunciation in screen writings by considering polyphony at both the network actors’ level and the argumentation level
Araujo, Vieira de Andrade Terence Keller. "La mise en tourisme dans la Haute Amazonie brésilienne. Une approche géographique". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030169.
Texto completoThe thesis that we propose starts from the idea that questioning of the spatial dimension of tourism would be a way to understanding the transformations of the geographical places and societies that surround them. Concentrating the focus on the upper Brazilian Amazon, reveals us one of the most diversified, complex and attractive biome for the human curiosity, and which is also the region with the least touristic flows of Brazil. This paradox forces us to analyze this part of the globe for its specificities, but as it is also a part of a whole, we are led to adopt a systematic approach of the tourism. Our goal will be to analyze interactions between different actors of the upper Brazilian Amazon and it creates touristic places. Thus, two major questionings will be the guideline to follow throughout our reasoning. Firstly, how did the Amazonian places become touristic over the time? and secondly, how the actions of the actors stimulate the transformation of the Amazonian touristic places? This is the reason why we propose an empirical and pragmatic reading of the tourist phenomenon based on different geographical scales. Changing the distance and the angle of the observation will be the method used to confront the various representations of the actors around the tourism development. The multiple view on the intentions of the local populations, travelers' flows, as well as those led by the politics and economics actors, makes us think about the geographical specificities: the organization of an unstructured space, with lower population density, but with a strong presence of social and environmental resources and in the process of integration into a world tourist space
Barrenechea, May. "A REPERCUSSÃO DAS INICIATIVAS DO GOVERNO BRASILEIRO PARA A PROTECÇÃO DA AMAZÓNIA NA IMPRENSA SUECA ONLINE DURANTE O GOVERNO DE LULA". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för spanska, portugisiska och latinamerikastudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75928.
Texto completoEnvironmental issues are receiving more and more media exposure today than ever before. What was first a healthy interest amongst people, has led to serious concerns when one takes into account the repercussions that the greenhouse effect is having on the environment. The increased environmental awareness that now exists amongst an ever growing section of the world’s population, has resulted in politicians having to start to take action as there is now a political will to do so. Brazil has the largest mass of tropical rainforest in the world and its protection is of interest to the Brazilian government, the citizens of Brazil and to the inhabitants of the world. A series of legal action measures have been initiated by the Brazilian government to preserve the wellbeing of the rainforest. This thesis examines how and what the Swedish online news providers have reported these measures during the Lula period of administration. The objective of this thesis is to understand how the Brazilian government’s measures have been perceived by the Swedish online news providers and thus by the reading population. Specifically, the focus is on measures taken by the Brazilian government with regards to Brazilian environmental problems in the Amazon rainforest, Brazilian ecological policy in the Amazonia and how all of this in turn leads to better protection of the Amazon rainforest. The data obtained supports the hypothesis that out of all the Brazilian related articles published by the Swedish online news providers, only a small percentage of the total amount of articles are relating to environmental issues in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest and/or the Brazilian environmental politics to protect the Amazon rainforest.
Miljöproblematiken i världen är en mycket viktig fråga. Den ökande växthuseffektens förändringar på klimatet har väckt stora reaktioner överallt i världen på alla områden. Miljömässigt spelar Amazonas regnskog en avgörande roll i att rädda planeten. Därför är det nödvändigt att skydda Amazonas regnskog. Genomförandet av en rad rättsliga åtgärder från den brasilianska regeringen är avgörande för skyddet av den brasilianska regnskogen. Den brasilianska regeringen har genom lagstiftning försökt att vidta nödvändiga åtgärder för att skydda Amazonas regnskog. Denna studie fokuserar på den internationella betydelsen av ämnet och analyserar hur den svenska pressens internetupplagor behandlar den brasilianska regeringens ansträngningar. Huvudsyftet med detta arbete är att få en uppfattning om hur den brasilianska miljöproblematiken i Amazonas regnskog, lagstiftningen runt densamma samt indirekt Brasilien, förmedlas till den svenska tidningsläsaren. Slutsatsen överensstämmer med hypotesen att tidningarna endast skriver kortfattat om miljöfrågor relaterade till den brasilianska regnskogen i Amazonas och den brasilianska miljöpolitikens insatser för att skydda Amazonas regnskog.