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Tesis sobre el tema "Alliages liquides – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
Strozyk, Hervé. "Développement d’une méthodologie de caractérisation physico-chimique sans contact du métal liquide à haute température par lévitation acoustique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0176_STROZYK.pdf.
Texto completoThe manufacturing and shaping processes of metallic alloys used in advanced industries (aeronautics, space, nuclear, defence, etc.) have become increasingly complex over time. This includes standard metallurgical processes, such as those used for steel production, as well as advanced processes (single-crystal casting, powder metallurgy, metallic additive manufacturing, etc.). To reduce costs and development times, the use of numerical simulation gets and increasing interest from industry. However, the relevance of these methods to describe real processes is highly dependent on the quality of the input data used to feed the models. In this context, an original melting furnace has been developed. Its principle is to maintain a small amount of metal in levitation through the emission of stationary acoustic waves, and to ensure the heating and melting of the levitated material using a power laser. The use of a levitation technique to measure fundamental physicochemical properties, such as viscosity or surface tension, is particularly advantageous because it limits the mechanical and especially chemical interactions between the samples studied and their environment, interactions that impact the properties to be characterized. Levitation and melting of millimetre-sized metal samples have been achieved at high temperatures (> 1500°C). The development of oscillation techniques for contactless measurement of physicochemical properties was first carried out at room temperature, using water as a model material. To validate the methods developed at low temperatures, several tests were conducted on liquid gallium, levitated at intermediate temperatures (up to 700°C). At higher temperatures, the stability of hot samples is fragile due to convective flows. Therefore, two complementary technologies to the levitation system have been developed. The first consists of superimposing a horizontal acoustic field of a different frequency onto the primarily vertical levitation acoustic field. This allows better control of the movements of the samples in all directions of space, thereby maintaining levitation for long enough to perform measurements. The second technology is a system used to produce samples in-situ within the levitation cavity, by supplying material in the form of a wire. Beyond eliminating material ejections, which are present when spherical samples are first levitated and then melted, this system enables a hybrid mode of operation called "semi-levitation". The liquid samples, captured by the acoustic fields, remain attached to the source wire, which stabilizes their position without introducing significant biases in the measurements. Test campaigns on copper and nickel were carried out using this technique. On copper, we demonstrated the feasibility of making measurements at high temperatures (up to 1500°C). We were also able to explore the dependence of surface tension and viscosity on experimental parameters (oxygen partial pressure, temperature, etc.). The implementation of other types of physicochemical measurements (density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, etc.) is envisioned for the future. Due to the purely mechanical nature of the acoustic levitation phenomenon, the study of non-conductive materials, such as oxides associated with liquid metals or slags used in manufacturing processes, is conceivable. In particular, the nucleation-growth phenomena of oxide inclusions, which are sources of defects in produced ingots, are within the scope of this study
Deng, Yun. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et impact environnemental de liquides ioniques". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669538.
Texto completoDeng, Yun. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et impact environnemental de liquides ioniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22131.
Texto completoIonic liquids are the salts composed only by bulky, unsymmetrical and flexible organic cations and inorganic or organic anions. Their melting points are particularly low, usually below 100°C. The ionic liquids present several interesting properties : high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, non-flammability and tunable properties by changing the anion or cation. They are considered as promising high performance fluids with low environmental impact that can be applied in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering or materials science both in processes (separation, catalysis) or as devices (optical components or lubricants).The application of ionic liquids at an industrial scale is still limited and fundamental information and reliable data on their properties, environmental fate and impact are rare. In this context and for the development of applications in wide scale, the research on ionic liquids with an expected low environmental impact (less toxic, readily biodegradable) is essential. The introduction of oxygenated functional groups – ester, ether or hydroxyl – in the alkyl side chains of imidazolium and pyridinium-based ionic liquids is expected to greatly improve their biodegradability. The effect of the functionalization on the physico-chemical properties of the ionic liquids is important in order to propose efficient, low environmental impact, ionic liquids for different applications and chemical processes. In this work, we have selected different ionic liquids based on the imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium and ammonium cations, with or without functional groups (hydroxyl/ester/ether), and with three types of anions. Our objective was to examine if the modification of chemical structures of the ions effectively have lower environmental impact, and if they their interesting properties are remained. We have studied, for all the ionic liquids, several physico-chemical properties considered important to quantify the environmental impact of chemicals : the density, the viscosity, the gas solubility, the aqueous solubility, the octanol-water partition coefficient and the aqueous diffusivity. We have also tested their toxicity towards four different microorganisms and their biodegradation in presence of pure strain of bacteria. Finally, we have tried to develop some empirical and semi-empirical models based on molecular structure information for predicting some of these properties.The introduction of oxygenated groups in the alkyl chains on cations does not change significantly the volumetric properties of ionic liquids, or their diffusion coefficient in water, but increases the viscosity of the pure salts up to one order of magnitude. Carbon dioxide solubilities in ionic liquids are not significantly influenced by the introduction of oxygen functional groups in the cations of the ionic liquids except in the case of the pyridinium based ionic liquids for which the carbon dioxide solubility decreases significantly due to a defavourable entropic contribution to the Gibbs energy of solvation. The modification of the ionic liquids by introducing oxygenated chemical functions makes them more biodegradable. In the case of imidazolium-based ionic liquids, the presence of the ester group makes the cation more susceptible to hydrolysis, the imidazolium ring being still resistant to the degradation. The functionalization of the cation also increases the solubility in water of the resulting ionic liquids and reduces the octanol-water partition coefficient and their toxicity, leading us to conclude that they are more environmental friendly than the non-functionalized ionic liquids
Luhmer, Michel. "Etude de propriétés physico-chimiques de liquides organiques par ordinateur". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212909.
Texto completoDufils, Thomas. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques des magmas hydratés par dynamique moléculaire". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066240/document.
Texto completoIn this manuscript, we focused on the properties of magmas and the effects of water on these properties using classical molecular dynamics simulations. After having pointed out the importance of water in geological processes and presented some basic principles of molecular dynamics simulations, we present a force field for dry silicate melts. We use this force field to study the equation of state, the structure and the transport properties (viscosity, electrical conductivity, diffusion coefficient) of silicate melts of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial compositions. These results are systematically compared with data of the literature. We then develop a force field for pure water compatible to the one proposed for silicates. The validity of this force field is investigated by comparison with experimental studies, ab-initio simulations and other MD simulations using classical force fields. At last we add a water-silicate interaction to the two former force fields in order to describe hydrous silicate melts. This force field is used to study the properties of water-silicate mixtures (solubility, surface tension). The structure and properties of hydrous silicate melts are evaluated as well as the speciation of water, the density, the viscosity, the electrical conductivity and the diffusion coefficients. The local structure around protonated species (OH-,H2O and H3O+) and their diffusion coefficients are also determined. All these results are compared with available data of the literature
Bordes, Jean-Michel. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de revêtements aluminium-magnésium élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron". Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2067.
Texto completoZinc coatings on steel offer the benefits of good corrosion protection and adaptation to current industrial forming and painting techniques. Nevertheless, there is a strong need for the substitution of conventional Zinc layers due to the non favourable properties encountered in the manufacturing of zinc coated steel and the need for thickness reduction because of environmental considerations. In this work, in a first time, calculations of sputtering yields and depth of origin of sputtered atoms have been performed for Al and Mg target materials since literature provides few data on these materials in the PVD processes energy range. We estimated sputtering yields and depth of origin of sputtered atoms from our experimental results or directly from empirical relations and computer simulations with the use of the computer program Transport of Ions in Matter code (TRIM. SP). Our results allowed us to explain, among other things, the Mg resputtering phenomena who appears on Al-Mg alloys coatings surfaces when a strong bias voltage is set to the substrates. In a second time, we developed a suitable alternative for conventional zinc coatings. New multifunctional coatings based on pure Al and Mg metals and their binary alloys were deposited on glass and steel substrates by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process : balanced magnetron sputtering with the use of circular planar targets composed of sequential sectors of Al and Mg. Our study showed that the peak in performance observed in the 3% sodium chloride solution for the sputtered deposits containing approximately 15-25wt% Mg represented an optimum balance being attained between the barrier and sacrificial properties of the Al-Mg alloy coatings. Moreover, this composition range presented better properties in terms of hardness, low friction coefficients and dense structure
Léger, Valentin. "Propriétés physico-chimiques des défauts dans les alliages II-VI pour la détection infrarouge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS214.
Texto completoImproving II-VI material quality is an essential step to maintain high electro-optical performances at higher operating temperature of cooled infrared detectors (HOT technologies). Indeed, image quality and stability are challenged by the electrical activity (low-frequency noises) induced by some crystal defects. The aim of this thesis work is to characterize several crystal qualities of the epitaxial Hg1-xCdxTe as well as its Cd1-xZnxTe substrate by spectroscopic techniques, and to establish a comparative review of the physico-chemical fingerprints of point defects. For this purpose, defect populations were investigated in both compounds by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). The electron antiparticle is particularly sensitive to open-volume defects, intrinsically present in high concentrations in the considered alloys. Vacancy concentration profiles in the near-surface region can then be obtained with a slow positron beam. The substrate study was extended with spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. This technique is especially powerful at low temperature where defects involved in radiative mechanisms have been identified. CL also allows to map luminescence properties at the sub-micrometer scale
Veys, Delphine. "Évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface des matériaux quasicristallins lors de sollicitations électrochimiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL076N.
Texto completoThe main goal of this study is to understand how the surface properties of quasicrystalline and approximant alloys are modified when submitted to various kinds of electrochemical stress. The alloys are Al-based complex intermetallic phases of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system, submitted to either corrosion test in aggressive media or simply to oxidation and ageing in ambient conditions. Ln a first part, bulk alloys of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system were synthesized and their atomic structure was characterised. Then, the corrosion behaviour of these alloys was investigated with a view to identify the role of the chemical composition and of the crystallographic structure on their ability to resist corrosion attack in a medium containing citric acid and chloride anions. This work bas allowed us to âetermine the corrosion mechanisms and to identify some alloy compositions which demonstrate high-resistance against corrosion. The last part focusses on the evolution of surface structure and chemistry as a function of electrochemical stress. The topography, composition and structure of corroded samples were analysed. Ln addition, for AICrFe samples, we have highlighted an ageing phenomenon of the surfaces in ambient conditions. We have proposed a model describing the surface of these materials as a stacking of several layers with different chemistry. The surface ageing is modelled and related to the observed modifications of the chemical reactivity
Basrour, Skandar. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des alliages amorphes de SiGe:H déposés par PECVD". Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10072.
Texto completoBardin, Roland. "Etude des équilibres entre phases du système plomb-antimoine-magnésium : élaboration et propriétés des alliages riches en plomb". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10785.
Texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Alliages liquides – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
THOMAS, Marc. "La matière première : les poudres et les fils métalliques". En La fabrication additive des alliages métalliques 1, 103–57. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9054.ch2.
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