Tesis sobre el tema "Algorithmes de passage en message"
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Taftaf, Ala. "Développements du modèle adjoint de la différentiation algorithmique destinés aux applications intensives en calcul". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4001/document.
Texto completoThe adjoint mode of Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) is particularly attractive for computing gradients. However, this mode needs to use the intermediate values of the original simulation in reverse order at a cost that increases with the length of the simulation. AD research looks for strategies to reduce this cost, for instance by taking advantage of the structure of the given program. In this work, we consider on one hand the frequent case of Fixed-Point loops for which several authors have proposed adapted adjoint strategies. Among these strategies, we select the one introduced by B. Christianson. We specify further the selected method and we describe the way we implemented it inside the AD tool Tapenade. Experiments on a medium-size application shows a major reduction of the memory needed to store trajectories. On the other hand, we study checkpointing in the case of MPI parallel programs with point-to-point communications. We propose techniques to apply checkpointing to these programs. We provide proof of correctness of our techniques and we experiment them on representative CFD codes
De, Bacco Caterina. "Decentralized network control, optimization and random walks on networks". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112164/document.
Texto completoIn the last years several problems been studied at the interface between statistical physics and computer science. The reason being that often these problems can be reinterpreted in the language of physics of disordered systems, where a big number of variables interacts through local fields dependent on the state of the surrounding neighborhood. Among the numerous applications of combinatorial optimisation the optimal routing on communication networks is the subject of the first part of the thesis. We will exploit the cavity method to formulate efficient algorithms of type message-passing and thus solve several variants of the problem through its numerical implementation. At a second stage, we will describe a model to approximate the dynamic version of the cavity method, which allows to decrease the complexity of the problem from exponential to polynomial in time. This will be obtained by using the Matrix Product State formalism of quantum mechanics. Another topic that has attracted much interest in statistical physics of dynamic processes is the random walk on networks. The theory has been developed since many years in the case the underneath topology is a d-dimensional lattice. On the contrary the case of random networks has been tackled only in the past decade, leaving many questions still open for answers. Unravelling several aspects of this topic will be the subject of the second part of the thesis. In particular we will study the average number of distinct sites visited during a random walk and characterize its behaviour as a function of the graph topology. Finally, we will address the rare events statistics associated to random walks on networks by using the large-deviations formalism. Two types of dynamic phase transitions will arise from numerical simulations, unveiling important aspects of these problems. We will conclude outlining the main results of an independent work developed in the context of out-of-equilibrium physics. A solvable system made of two Brownian particles surrounded by a thermal bath will be studied providing details about a bath-mediated interaction arising for the presence of the bath
Barbier, Jean. "Statistical physics and approximate message-passing algorithms for sparse linear estimation problems in signal processing and coding theory". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC130.
Texto completoThis thesis is interested in the application of statistical physics methods and inference to signal processing and coding theory, more precisely, to sparse linear estimation problems. The main tools are essentially the graphical models and the approximate message-passing algorithm together with the cavity method (referred as the state evolution analysis in the signal processing context) for its theoretical analysis. We will also use the replica method of statistical physics of disordered systems which allows to associate to the studied problems a cost function referred as the potential of free entropy in physics. It allows to predict the different phases of typical complexity of the problem as a function of external parameters such as the noise level or the number of measurements one has about the signal: the inference can be typically easy, hard or impossible. We will see that the hard phase corresponds to a regime of coexistence of the actual solution together with another unwanted solution of the message passing equations. In this phase, it represents a metastable state which is not the true equilibrium solution. This phenomenon can be linked to supercooled water blocked in the liquid state below its freezing critical temperature. Thanks to this understanding of blocking phenomenon of the algorithm, we will use a method that allows to overcome the metastability mimicing the strategy adopted by nature itself for supercooled water: the nucleation and spatial coupling. In supercooled water, a weak localized perturbation is enough to create a crystal nucleus that will propagate in all the medium thanks to the physical couplings between closeby atoms. The same process will help the algorithm to find the signal, thanks to the introduction of a nucleus containing local information about the signal. It will then spread as a "reconstruction wave" similar to the crystal in the water. After an introduction to statistical inference and sparse linear estimation, we will introduce the necessary tools. Then we will move to applications of these notions. They will be divided into two parts. The signal processing part will focus essentially on the compressed sensing problem where we seek to infer a sparse signal from a small number of linear projections of it that can be noisy. We will study in details the influence of structured operators instead of purely random ones used originally in compressed sensing. These allow a substantial gain in computational complexity and necessary memory allocation, which are necessary conditions in order to work with very large signals. We will see that the combined use of such operators with spatial coupling allows the implementation of an highly optimized algorithm able to reach near to optimal performances. We will also study the algorithm behavior for reconstruction of approximately sparse signals, a fundamental question for the application of compressed sensing to real life problems. A direct application will be studied via the reconstruction of images measured by fluorescence microscopy. The reconstruction of "natural" images will be considered as well. In coding theory, we will look at the message-passing decoding performances for two distincts real noisy channel models. A first scheme where the signal to infer will be the noise itself will be presented. The second one, the sparse superposition codes for the additive white Gaussian noise channel is the first example of error correction scheme directly interpreted as a structured compressed sensing problem. Here we will apply all the tools developed in this thesis for finally obtaining a very promising decoder that allows to decode at very high transmission rates, very close of the fundamental channel limit
Aubin, Benjamin. "Mean-field methods and algorithmic perspectives for high-dimensional machine learning". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP083.
Texto completoAt a time when the use of data has reached an unprecedented level, machine learning, and more specifically deep learning based on artificial neural networks, has been responsible for very important practical advances. Their use is now ubiquitous in many fields of application, from image classification, text mining to speech recognition, including time series prediction and text analysis. However, the understanding of many algorithms used in practice is mainly empirical and their behavior remains difficult to analyze. These theoretical gaps raise many questions about their effectiveness and potential risks. Establishing theoretical foundations on which to base numerical observations has become one of the fundamental challenges of the scientific community. The main difficulty that arises in the analysis of most machine learning algorithms is to handle, analytically and numerically, a large number of interacting random variables. In this manuscript, we revisit an approach based on the tools of statistical physics of disordered systems. Developed through a rich literature, they have been precisely designed to infer the macroscopic behavior of a large number of particles from their microscopic interactions. At the heart of this work, we strongly capitalize on the deep connection between the replica method and message passing algorithms in order to shed light on the phase diagrams of various theoretical models, with an emphasis on the potential differences between statistical and algorithmic thresholds. We essentially focus on synthetic tasks and data generated in the teacher-student paradigm. In particular, we apply these mean-field methods to the Bayes-optimal analysis of committee machines, to the worst-case analysis of Rademacher generalization bounds for perceptrons, and to empirical risk minimization in the context of generalized linear models. Finally, we develop a framework to analyze estimation models with structured prior informations, produced for instance by deep neural networks based generative models with random weights
Sahin, Serdar. "Advanced receivers for distributed cooperation in mobile ad hoc networks". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0089.
Texto completoMobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are rapidly deployable wireless communications systems, operating with minimal coordination in order to avoid spectral efficiency losses caused by overhead. Cooperative transmission schemes are attractive for MANETs, but the distributed nature of such protocols comes with an increased level of interference, whose impact is further amplified by the need to push the limits of energy and spectral efficiency. Hence, the impact of interference has to be mitigated through with the use PHY layer signal processing algorithms with reasonable computational complexity. Recent advances in iterative digital receiver design techniques exploit approximate Bayesian inference and derivative message passing techniques to improve the capabilities of well-established turbo detectors. In particular, expectation propagation (EP) is a flexible technique which offers attractive complexity-performance trade-offs in situations where conventional belief propagation is limited by computational complexity. Moreover, thanks to emerging techniques in deep learning, such iterative structures are cast into deep detection networks, where learning the algorithmic hyper-parameters further improves receiver performance. In this thesis, EP-based finite-impulse response decision feedback equalizers are designed, and they achieve significant improvements, especially in high spectral efficiency applications, over more conventional turbo-equalization techniques, while having the advantage of being asymptotically predictable. A framework for designing frequency-domain EP-based receivers is proposed, in order to obtain detection architectures with low computational complexity. This framework is theoretically and numerically analysed with a focus on channel equalization, and then it is also extended to handle detection for time-varying channels and multiple-antenna systems. The design of multiple-user detectors and the impact of channel estimation are also explored to understand the capabilities and limits of this framework. Finally, a finite-length performance prediction method is presented for carrying out link abstraction for the EP-based frequency domain equalizer. The impact of accurate physical layer modelling is evaluated in the context of cooperative broadcasting in tactical MANETs, thanks to a flexible MAC-level simulator
Saade, Alaa. "Spectral inference methods on sparse graphs : theory and applications". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE024/document.
Texto completoIn an era of unprecedented deluge of (mostly unstructured) data, graphs are proving more and more useful, across the sciences, as a flexible abstraction to capture complex relationships between complex objects. One of the main challenges arising in the study of such networks is the inference of macroscopic, large-scale properties affecting a large number of objects, based solely on he microscopic interactions between their elementary constituents. Statistical physics, precisely created to recover the macroscopic laws of thermodynamics from an idealized model of interacting particles, provides significant insight to tackle such complex networks.In this dissertation, we use methods derived from the statistical physics of disordered systems to design and study new algorithms for inference on graphs. Our focus is on spectral methods, based on certain eigenvectors of carefully chosen matrices, and sparse graphs, containing only a small amount of information. We develop an original theory of spectral inference based on a relaxation of various meanfield free energy optimizations. Our approach is therefore fully probabilistic, and contrasts with more traditional motivations based on the optimization of a cost function. We illustrate the efficiency of our approach on various problems, including community detection, randomized similarity-based clustering, and matrix completion
Diaconu, Raluca. "Passage à l'échelle pour les mondes virtuels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066090.
Texto completoVirtual worlds attract millions of users and these popular applications --supported by gigantic data centers with myriads of processors-- are routinely accessed. However, surprisingly, virtual worlds are still unable to host simultaneously more than a few hundred users in the same contiguous space.The main contribution of the thesis is Kiwano, a distributed system enabling an unlimited number of avatars to simultaneously evolve and interact in a contiguous virtual space. In Kiwano we employ the Delaunay triangulation to provide each avatar with a constant number of neighbors independently of their density or distribution. The avatar-to-avatar interactions and related computations are then bounded, allowing the system to scale. The load is constantly balanced among Kiwano's nodes which adapt and take in charge sets of avatars according to their geographic proximity. The optimal number of avatars per CPU and the performances of our system have been evaluated simulating tens of thousands of avatars connecting to a Kiwano instance running across several data centers, with results well beyond the current state-of-the-art.We also propose Kwery, a distributed spatial index capable to scale dynamic objects of virtual worlds. Kwery performs efficient reverse geolocation queries on large numbers of moving objects updating their position at arbitrary high frequencies. We use a distributed spatial index on top of a self-adaptive tree structure. Each node of the system hosts and answers queries on a group of objects in a zone, which is the minimal axis-aligned rectangle. They are chosen based on their proximity and the load of the node. Spatial queries are then answered only by the nodes with meaningful zones, that is, where the node's zone intersects the query zone.Kiwano has been successfully implemented for HybridEarth, a mixed reality world, Manycraft, our scalable multiplayer Minecraft map, and discussed for OneSim, a distributed Second Life architecture. By handling avatars separately, we show interoperability between these virtual worlds.With Kiwano and Kwery we provide the first massively distributed and self-adaptive solutions for virtual worlds suitable to run in the cloud. The results, in terms of number of avatars per CPU, exceed by orders of magnitude the performances of current state-of-the-art implementations. This indicates Kiwano to be a cost effective solution for the industry. The open API for our first implementation is available at \url{http://kiwano.li}
Diaconu, Raluca. "Passage à l'échelle pour les mondes virtuels". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066090/document.
Texto completoVirtual worlds attract millions of users and these popular applications --supported by gigantic data centers with myriads of processors-- are routinely accessed. However, surprisingly, virtual worlds are still unable to host simultaneously more than a few hundred users in the same contiguous space.The main contribution of the thesis is Kiwano, a distributed system enabling an unlimited number of avatars to simultaneously evolve and interact in a contiguous virtual space. In Kiwano we employ the Delaunay triangulation to provide each avatar with a constant number of neighbors independently of their density or distribution. The avatar-to-avatar interactions and related computations are then bounded, allowing the system to scale. The load is constantly balanced among Kiwano's nodes which adapt and take in charge sets of avatars according to their geographic proximity. The optimal number of avatars per CPU and the performances of our system have been evaluated simulating tens of thousands of avatars connecting to a Kiwano instance running across several data centers, with results well beyond the current state-of-the-art.We also propose Kwery, a distributed spatial index capable to scale dynamic objects of virtual worlds. Kwery performs efficient reverse geolocation queries on large numbers of moving objects updating their position at arbitrary high frequencies. We use a distributed spatial index on top of a self-adaptive tree structure. Each node of the system hosts and answers queries on a group of objects in a zone, which is the minimal axis-aligned rectangle. They are chosen based on their proximity and the load of the node. Spatial queries are then answered only by the nodes with meaningful zones, that is, where the node's zone intersects the query zone.Kiwano has been successfully implemented for HybridEarth, a mixed reality world, Manycraft, our scalable multiplayer Minecraft map, and discussed for OneSim, a distributed Second Life architecture. By handling avatars separately, we show interoperability between these virtual worlds.With Kiwano and Kwery we provide the first massively distributed and self-adaptive solutions for virtual worlds suitable to run in the cloud. The results, in terms of number of avatars per CPU, exceed by orders of magnitude the performances of current state-of-the-art implementations. This indicates Kiwano to be a cost effective solution for the industry. The open API for our first implementation is available at \url{http://kiwano.li}
Kurisummoottil, Thomas Christo. "Sparse Bayesian learning, beamforming techniques and asymptotic analysis for massive MIMO". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS231.
Texto completoMultiple antennas at the base station side can be used to enhance the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the next generation wireless technologies. Indeed, massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is seen as one promising technology to bring the aforementioned benefits for fifth generation wireless standard, commonly known as 5G New Radio (5G NR). In this monograph, we will explore a wide range of potential topics in multi-userMIMO (MU-MIMO) relevant to 5G NR,• Sum rate maximizing beamforming (BF) design and robustness to partial channel stateinformation at the transmitter (CSIT)• Asymptotic analysis of the various BF techniques in massive MIMO and• Bayesian channel estimation methods using sparse Bayesian learning.One of the potential techniques proposed in the literature to circumvent the hardware complexity and power consumption in massive MIMO is hybrid beamforming. We propose a globally optimal analog phasor design using the technique of deterministic annealing, which won us the best student paper award. Further, in order to analyze the large system behaviour of the massive MIMO systems, we utilized techniques from random matrix theory and obtained simplified sum rate expressions. Finally, we also looked at Bayesian sparse signal recovery problem using the technique called sparse Bayesian learning (SBL). We proposed low complexity SBL algorithms using a combination of approximate inference techniques such as belief propagation (BP), expectation propagation and mean field (MF) variational Bayes. We proposed an optimal partitioning of the different parameters (in the factor graph) into either MF or BP nodes based on Fisher information matrix analysis
Adjiman, Philippe. "Raisonnement pair-à-pair en logique propositionnelle : algorithmes, passage à l'échelle et applications". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112128.
Texto completoIn a peer-to-peer inference system, each peer can reason locally but can also solicit some of its acquaintances, which are peers sharing part of its vocabulary. In this thesis, we consider peer-to-peer inference systems in which the local theory of each peer is a set of propositional clauses defined upon a local vocabulary. An important characteristic of peer-to-peer inference systems is that the global theory (the union of all peer theories) is not known. The first main contribution of this thesis is to provide the first consequence finding algorithm in a peer-to-peer setting: DeCA. It is anytime and computes consequences gradually from the solicited peer to peers that are more and more distant. We exhibit a sufficient condition on the acquaintance graph of the peer-to-peer inference system for guaranteeing the completeness of this algorithm. Another important contribution is to apply this general distributed reasoning setting to the setting of the Semantic Web through the SomeOWL and SomeRDFS peer-to-peer data management systems. Those systems allow each peer to annotate (categorize) its data using simple ontologies and to establish mappings with ontologies of its acquaintances. SomeOWL and SomeRDFS data models are respectively based on the two emerging W3C recommendations for the semantic web, namely OWL and RDF(S). The last contribution of this thesis is to provide an extensive experimental analysis of the scalability of the peer-to-peer infrastructure that we propose, on large networks of 1000 peers
Strubel, David. "Couverture d'un chemin planifié composé de points de passage à optimiser avec des algorithmes évolutionnaires". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK015/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this paper is to optimize the coverage of a vast and complexarea such that its mosaic image can be created. To find the best waypoints, twomethods have been investigated: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and GeneticAlgorithms (GA). Our investigation proved that GA is a better method due toits performance and adaptability. After having performed experiments to compare the algorithms, a hybridization of GA and PSO is investigated.The proposed method can be applied on large areas with irregular shapes, such as agricultural fields, and it provides a minimized number of waypoints that must be flown over by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The experiments were made to simulate the flight of the UAV in an indoor environment, and the images generated during the simulated flight have been used to show the final mosaic. The proposed method is also applied in the vast outdoor area using satellite images to visualize the final result of the coverage path planning. The experiments validate the efficiency of the proposed method for finding the number and the poses of the waypoints. The solution proposed to approach the problem of coverage path planning is rather different than the stateof the art by dividing the Coverage Path Planning on independent sub-problems to optimize and then using GA and later on GAPSO
Andrieu, Pierre. "Passage à l'échelle, propriétés et qualité des algorithmes de classements consensuels pour les données biologiques massives". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG041.
Texto completoBiologists and physicians regularly query public biological databases, for example when they are looking for the most associated genes towards a given disease. The chosen keyword are particularly important: synonymous reformulations of the same disease (for example "breast cancer" and "breast carcinoma") may lead to very different rankings of (thousands of) genes. The genes, sorted by relevance, can be tied (equal importance towards the disease). Additionally, some genes returned when using a first synonym may be absent when using another synonym. The rankings are then called "incomplete rankings with ties". The challenge is to combine the information provided by these different rankings of genes. The problem of taking as input a list of rankings and returning as output a so-called consensus ranking, as close as possible to the input rankings, is called the "rank aggregation problem". This problem is known to be NP-hard. Whereas most works focus on complete rankings without ties, we considered incomplete rankings with ties. Our contributions are divided into three parts. First, we have designed a graph-based heuristic able to divide the initial problem into independent sub-problems in the context of incomplete rankings with ties. Second, we have designed an algorithm able to identify common points between all the optimal consensus rankings, allowing to provide information about the robustness of the provided consensus ranking. An experimental study on a huge number of massive biological datasets has highlighted the biological relevance of these approaches. Our last contribution the following one : we have designed a parameterized model able to consider various interpretations of missing data. We also designed several algorithms for this model and did an axiomatic study of this model, based on social choice theory
Genaud, Stéphane. "Exécutions de programmes parallèles à passage de messages sur grille de calcul". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440503.
Texto completoGuiroux, Hugo. "Comprendre la performance des algorithmes d'exclusion mutuelle sur les machines multicoeurs modernes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM088.
Texto completoA plethora of optimized mutual exclusion lock algorithms have been designed over the past 25 years to mitigate performance bottlenecks related to critical sections and synchronization.Unfortunately, there is currently no broad study of the behavior of these optimized lock algorithms on realistic applications that consider different performance metrics, such as energy efficiency and tail latency.In this thesis, we perform a thorough and practical analysis, with the goal of providing software developers with enough information to achieve fast, scalable and energy-efficient synchronization in their systems.First, we provide a performance study of 28 state-of-the-art mutex lock algorithms, on 40 applications, and four different multicore machines.We not only consider throughput (traditionally the main performance metric), but also energy efficiency and tail latency, which are becoming increasingly important.Second, we present an in-depth analysis in which we summarize our findings for all the studied applications.In particular, we describe nine different lock-related performance bottlenecks, and propose six guidelines helping software developers with their choice of a lock algorithm according to the different lock properties and the application characteristics.From our detailed analysis, we make a number of observations regarding locking algorithms and application behaviors, several of which have not been previously discovered:(i) applications not only stress the lock/unlock interface, but also the full locking API (e.g., trylocks, condition variables),(ii) the memory footprint of a lock can directly affect the application performance,(iii) for many applications, the interaction between locks and scheduling is an important application performance factor,(iv) lock tail latencies may or may not affect application tail latency,(v) no single lock is systematically the best,(vi) choosing the best lock is difficult (as it depends on many factors such as the workload and the machine), and(vii) energy efficiency and throughput go hand in hand in the context of lock algorithms.These findings highlight that locking involves more considerations than the simple "lock - unlock" interface and call for further research on designing low-memory footprint adaptive locks that fully and efficiently support the full lock interface, and consider all performance metrics
Koos, Sylvain. "L' approche par transférabilité : une réponse aux problèmes de passage à la réalité, de généralisation et d'adaptation". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066510.
Texto completoLassalle, Pierre. "Etude du passage à l'échelle des algorithmes de segmentation et de classification en télédétection pour le traitement de volumes massifs de données". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30261/document.
Texto completoRecent Earth observation spatial missions will provide very high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution optical images, which represents a huge amount of data. The objective of this research is to propose innovative algorithms to process efficiently such massive datasets on resource-constrained devices. Developing new efficient algorithms which ensure identical results to those obtained without the memory limitation represents a challenging task. The first part of this thesis focuses on the adaptation of segmentation algorithms when the input satellite image can not be stored in the main memory. A naive solution consists of dividing the input image into tiles and segment each tile independently. The final result is built by grouping the segmented tiles together. Applying this strategy turns out to be suboptimal since it modifies the resulting segments compared to those obtained from the segmentation without tiling. A deep study of region-merging segmentation algorithms allows us to develop a tile-based scalable solution to segment images of arbitrary size while ensuring identical results to those obtained without tiling. The feasibility of the solution is shown by segmenting different very high resolution Pléiades images requiring gigabytes to be stored in the memory. The second part of the thesis focuses on supervised learning methods when the training dataset can not be stored in the memory. In the frame of the thesis, we decide to study the Random Forest algorithm which consists of building an ensemble of decision trees. Several solutions have been proposed to adapt this algorithm for processing massive training datasets, but they remain either approximative because of the limitation of memory imposes a reduced visibility of the algorithm on a small portion of the training datasets or inefficient because they need a lot of read and write access on the hard disk. To solve those issues, we propose an exact solution ensuring the visibility of the algorithm on the whole training dataset while minimizing read and write access on the hard disk. The running time is analysed by varying the dimension of the training dataset and shows that our proposed solution is very competitive with other existing solutions and can be used to process hundreds of gigabytes of data
Partimbene, Vincent. "Calcul haute performance pour la simulation d'interactions fluide-structure". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20524/1/PARTIMBENE_Vincent.pdf.
Texto completoGabrié, Marylou. "Towards an understanding of neural networks : mean-field incursions". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE035.
Texto completoMachine learning algorithms relying on deep new networks recently allowed a great leap forward in artificial intelligence. Despite the popularity of their applications, the efficiency of these algorithms remains largely unexplained from a theoretical point of view. The mathematical descriptions of learning problems involves very large collections of interacting random variables, difficult to handle analytically as well as numerically. This complexity is precisely the object of study of statistical physics. Its mission, originally pointed towards natural systems, is to understand how macroscopic behaviors arise from microscopic laws. In this thesis we propose to take advantage of the recent progress in mean-field methods from statistical physics to derive relevant approximations in this context. We exploit the equivalences and complementarities of message passing algorithms, high-temperature expansions and the replica method. Following this strategy we make practical contributions for the unsupervised learning of Boltzmann machines. We also make theoretical contributions considering the teacher-student paradigm to model supervised learning problems. We develop a framework to characterize the evolution of information during training in these model. Additionally, we propose a research direction to generalize the analysis of Bayesian learning in shallow neural networks to their deep counterparts
Bonnin, David. "Algorithmique distribuée asynchrone avec une majorité de pannes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0264/document.
Texto completoIn distributed computing, asynchronous message-passing model with crashes is well-known and considered in many articles, because of its realism and it issimple enough to be used and complex enough to represent many real problems.In this model, n processes communicate by exchanging messages, but withoutany bound on communication delays, i.e. a message may take an arbitrarilylong time to reach its destination. Moreover, up to f among the n processesmay crash, and thus definitely stop working. Those crashes are undetectablebecause of the system asynchronism, and restrict the potential results in thismodel.In many cases, known results in those systems must verify the propertyof a strict minority of crashes. For example, this applies to implementationof atomic registers and solving of renaming. This barrier of a majority ofcrashes, explained by the CAP theorem, restricts numerous problems, and theasynchronous message-passing model with a majority of crashes is thus notwell-studied and rather unknown. Hence, studying what can be done in thiscase of a majority of crashes is interesting.This thesis tries to analyse this model, through two main problems. The first part studies the implementation of shared objects, similar to usual registers,by defining x-colored register banks, and α-registers. The second partextends the renaming problem into k-redundant renaming, for both one-shotand long-lived versions, and similarly for the shared objects called splitters intok-splitters
Sabah, Quentin. "Siaam : Simple Isolation for an Actor-based Abstract Machine". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM082/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we study state isolation and efficient message-passing in the context of concurrent object-oriented programming. The ’ownership’ and ’reference uniqueness’ techniques have been extensively employed to address concurrency safety in the past. Strikingly the vast majority of the previous works rely on a set of statically checkable typing rules, either requiring an annotation overhead or introducing strong restrictions on the shape and the aliasing of the exchanged messages.Our contribution with SIAAM is the demonstration of a purely runtime, actor-based, annotation-free, aliasing-proof approach to concurrent state isolation allowing efficient communication of arbitrary objects graphs. We present the formal semantic of SIAAM, along with a machine-checked proof of isolation. An implementation of the model has been realized in a state-of-the-art Java virtual-machine and a set of custom static analyses automatically reduce the runtime overhead
Diakhaté, François. "Contribution à l'élaboration de supports exécutifs exploitant la virtualisation pour le calcul hautes performances". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798832.
Texto completoKumar, Ratnesh. "Segmentation vidéo et suivi d'objets multiples". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4135/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we propose novel algorithms for video analysis. The first contribution of this thesis is in the domain of video segmentation wherein the objective is to obtain a dense and coherent spatio-temporal segmentation. We propose joining both spatial and temporal aspects of a video into a single notion Fiber. A fiber is a set of trajectories which are spatially connected by a mesh. Fibers are built by jointly assessing spatial and temporal aspects of the video. Compared to the state-of-the-art, a fiber based video segmentation presents advantages such as a natural spatio-temporal neighborhood accessor by a mesh, and temporal correspondences for most pixels in the video. Furthermore, this fiber-based segmentation is of quasi-linear complexity w.r.t. the number of pixels. The second contribution is in the realm of multiple object tracking. We proposed a tracking approach which utilizes cues from point tracks, kinematics of moving objects and global appearance of detections. Unification of all these cues is performed on a Conditional Random Field. Subsequently this model is optimized by a combination of message passing and an Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM) variant to infer object-trajectories. A third, minor, contribution relates to the development of suitable feature descriptor for appearance matching of persons. All of our proposed approaches achieve competitive and better results (both qualitatively and quantitatively) than state-of-the-art on open source datasets
Navet, Nicolas. "Évaluation de performances temporelles et optimisation de l'ordonnancement de tâches et messages". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_NAVET_N.pdf.
Texto completoGlück, Olivier. "Optimisations de la bibliothèque de communication MPI pour machines parallèles de type " grappe de PCs " sur une primitive d'écriture distante". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066158.
Texto completoRocha, barbosa Cassandra. "Coordination et ordonnancement de tâches à grains fins entre environnements d'exécution HPC". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS016.
Texto completoSupercomputers are becoming more and more complex to use. This is why the use of so-called hybrid programming models, MPI + X, are being implemented in applications. These new types of models allow a more efficient use of a supercomputer, but also create new problems during the execution of applications. These problems are of different types.More specifically, we will study three problems related to MPI + X programming. The progression of non-blocking MPI communications within the X environment. Then two types of possible imbalance in MPI+X applications. The first being between MPI processes and the second within an MPI process, i.e., imbalance within X.A solution in the case of an X environment in recursive tasks will first be presented for the MPI communication progress problem using progress task insertion in the X environment. For the imbalance between MPI processes, a solution for resource rebalancing within a node will be presented. Finally, for the imbalance in the X environment, a solution to use the imbalance to run a second application will also be presented
Hu, Ruijing. "Algorithmes de dissémination épidémiques dans les réseaux à grande échelle : comparaison et adaptation aux topologies". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931796.
Texto completoPerin, Guilherme. "On the Resistance of RSA Countermeasures at Algorithmic, Arithmetic and Hardware Levels Against Chosen-Message, Correlation and Single-Execution Side-Channel Attacks". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20039/document.
Texto completoNot only designers of cryptographic devices have to implement the algorithmsefficiently, they also have to ensure that sensible information that leaks throughseveral side-channels (time, temperature, power consumption, electromagneticemanations, etc.) during the execution of an algorithm, remains unexploitedby an attacker. If not sufficiently protected, both symmetric and asymmetriccryptographic implementations are vulnerable to these so-called side-channelattacks (SCA). For public-key algorithms such as RSA, the main operation to bearmoured consists of a multi-digit exponentiation over a finite ring.Countermeasures to defeat most of side-channel attacks onexponentiations are based on randomization of processed data. The exponentand the message blinding are particular techniques to thwartsimple, collisions, differential and correlation analyses. Attacks based ona single (trace) execution of exponentiations, like horizontal correlationanalysis and profiled template attacks, have shown to be efficient againstmost of popular countermeasures.This work proposes a hardware and software implementations of RSA based on Residue Number System (RNS). Different countermeasures are implemented on different abstraction levels. Then, chosen-message and correlation attacks, based on both multi-trace and single-trace attacks are applied to evaluate the robustness of adopted countermeasures. Finally, we propose an improved single-execution attack based on unsupervised learning and multi-resolution analysis using the wavelet transform
Abdelkafi, Omar. "Métaheuristiques hybrides distribuées et massivement parallèles". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9578/document.
Texto completoMany optimization problems specific to different industrial and academic sectors (energy, chemicals, transportation, etc.) require the development of more effective methods in resolving. To meet these needs, the aim of this thesis is to develop a library of several hybrid metaheuristics distributed and massively parallel. First, we studied the traveling salesman problem and its resolution by the ant colony method to establish hybridization and parallelization techniques. Two other optimization problems have been dealt, which are, the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) and the zeolite structure problem (ZSP). For the QAP, several variants based on an iterative tabu search with adaptive diversification have been proposed. The aim of these proposals is to study the impact of: the data exchange, the diversification strategies and the methods of cooperation. Our best variant is compared with six from the leading works of the literature. For the ZSP two new formulations of the objective function are proposed to evaluate the potential of the zeolites structures founded. These formulations are based on reward and penalty evaluation. Two hybrid and parallel genetic algorithms are proposed to generate stable zeolites structures. Our algorithms have now generated six stable topologies, three of them are not listed in the SC-JZA website or in the Atlas of Prospective Zeolite Structures
Damez, Lionel. "Approche multi-processeurs homogènes sur System-on-Chip pour le traitement d'image". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724443.
Texto completoKaisser, Florent. "Communications dans les réseaux fortement dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512021.
Texto completoGauchard, David. "Simulation hybride des réseaux IP-DiffServ-MPLS multi-services sur environnement d'exécution distribuée". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30192.
Texto completoLokhov, Andrey Y. "Dynamic cavity method and problems on graphs". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112331/document.
Texto completoA large number of optimization, inverse, combinatorial and out-of-equilibrium problems, arising in the statistical physics of complex systems, allow for a convenient representation in terms of disordered interacting variables defined on a certain network. Although a universal recipe for dealing with these problems does not exist, the recent years have seen a serious progress in understanding and quantifying an important number of hard problems on graphs. A particular role has been played by the concepts borrowed from the physics of spin glasses and field theory, that appeared to be extremely successful in the description of the statistical properties of complex systems and in the development of efficient algorithms for concrete problems.In the first part of the thesis, we study the out-of-equilibrium spreading problems on networks. Using dynamic cavity method on time trajectories, we show how to derive dynamic message-passing equations for a large class of models with unidirectional dynamics -- the key property that makes the problem solvable. These equations are asymptotically exact for locally tree-like graphs and generally provide a good approximation for real-world networks. We illustrate the approach by applying the dynamic message-passing equations for susceptible-infected-recovered model to the inverse problem of inference of epidemic origin. In the second part of the manuscript, we address the optimization problem of finding optimal planar matching configurations on a line. Making use of field-theory techniques and combinatorial arguments, we characterize a topological phase transition that occurs in the simple Bernoulli model of disordered matching. As an application to the physics of the RNA secondary structures, we discuss the relation of the perfect-imperfect matching transition to the known molten-glass transition at low temperatures, and suggest generalized models that incorporate a one-to-one correspondence between the contact matrix and the nucleotide sequence, thus giving sense to the notion of effective non-integer alphabets
Simo, Kanmeugne Patrick. "Simulation crédible des déplacements de piétons en temps réel : modèle microscopique à influence macroscopique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066597.
Texto completoIn this work, we focus on real-time simulation of autonomous pedestrians navigation. Existing models for this purpose tend to diverge on whether to build on pedestrians' characteristics and local interactions - microscopic approaches - or to focus on pedestrians' flow regardless of individual characteristics - macroscopic approaches. Our position is that the two approaches should not be separated. Thus, we introduce a Macroscopic-Influenced Microscopic approach which aims at reducing the gap between microscopic and macroscopic approaches by providing credible walking paths for a potentially highly congested crowd of autonomous pedestrians. Our approach originates from a least-effort formulation of the navigation task, which allows us to consistently account for congestion at every levels of decision. We use the multi-agent paradigm and describe pedestrians as autonomous and situated agents who plan dynamically for energy efficient paths, and interact with each other through the environment. The navigable space is considered as a set of contiguous resources that agents use to build their paths. We emulate the dynamic path computation for each agent with an evolutionary search algorithm that implement a tabu search heuristic, especially designed to be executed in real-time and autonomously. We have compared an implementation of our approach with a standard microscopic model, against low-density and high density scenarios, with encouraging results in terms of credibility and scalability. We believe that microscopic models could be easily extended to embrace our approach, thus providing richer simulations of potentially highly congested crowd of autonomous pedestrians
Simo, Kanmeugne Patrick. "Simulation crédible des déplacements de piétons en temps réel : modèle microscopique à influence macroscopique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066477.
Texto completoDiallo, Alpha Boubacar. "Développement et parallélisation d'algorithmes bioinformatiques pour la reconstruction d'arbres phylogénétiques et de réseaux réticulés". Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4752/1/M10004.pdf.
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