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Mutuli, Lucy Amanya, Peter Bukhala y Gordon Nguka. "Dietary Intake Patterns of Alcoholics; A Case Study of Selected Rehabilitation Centers in Kenya". International Journal of Nutrition 5, n.º 4 (6 de octubre de 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3377.
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Introduction Sub-optimal dietary intake patterns have a major detrimental impact on the nutritional status of an alcoholic. These patterns exacerbate the status of alcoholism and the functioning of the alcoholic’s body. Objective This study aimed to examine alcoholic’s dietary intake patterns. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 204 alcoholics undergoing alcohol rehabilitation in selected rehabilitation centers. A 24 hour food recall and food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake of the respondents. Factor analysis of food items and groups, cluster analysis of dietary intake patterns, and multivariate regressions were carried out. Results Three dietary intake patterns were identified among alcoholics namely a low calorie intake (described mainly by consumption of plant-based foods); a composite intake (distinguished by adequate consumption of both plant-based and animal-based foods) and a high calorie intake (characterized by high consumption of animal-based foods). Conclusion Optimal dietary intake promotion programs are needed to address the dietary intakes of recuperating alcoholics under rehabilitation to help prevent malnutrition and other associated comorbidities.
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Bennett, Nathan y Linda S. Kelley. "Assessing the Acceptance of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism among Eap Practitioners". Journal of Drug Issues 17, n.º 3 (julio de 1987): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700305.
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In the past 20 years special interest groups have increased efforts to de-stigmatize alcoholism through improving the image of the alcoholic and medicalizing alcoholism. Among specific initiatives is the effort to implement work-based employee assistance programs (EAPs) to identify alcoholic employees through job performance decrements and guide them to appropriate treatment resources. In this analysis, two issues are examined. First, we measure the degree to which the disease model of alcoholism is accepted among those working with alcoholics in job-based programs, those variously charged with administering EAPs. Second, we measure attitudes toward the employment of recovering alcoholics in the EAP field. Results indicate that recovery from alcoholism, the role of “co-alcoholic,” and the occupational setting of the EAP administrator each affect the attitudes regarding the disease concept of alcoholism and the appropriateness of recovering alcoholics working in the EAP field.
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Amiel-Lebigre, F., M. Duyme y S. Tordjman. "A French family study of two groups of alcoholic men". European Psychiatry 7, n.º 2 (1992): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800003308.
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SummaryAlcoholic and psychiatric family history were investigated in two groups of alcoholics, recruited differently, and controls. Alcoholics with or without a family history of alcoholism (AFH + and AFH − ) were compared with regard to professional qualifications, personal psychiatric history, age at onset and reasons given for becoming alcoholic. The results can be summarized as follows: the family ‘aggregate’ of alcoholism found was independent of the recruitment. This was not the case for personal psychiatric history for which a gradient was found in the two alcoholic groups. Rates of alcoholism were higher in both the first and second degree relatives. Alcoholics with AFH+ and AFH− differed significantly with regard to inducement by profession, and tended to differ as to age of onset.
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Braggio, John T., Vladimir Pishkin, Oscar A. Parsons, Steven M. Fishkin y John R. Tassey. "Differences between Essential and Reactive Alcoholics on Tests of Neuropsychological Functioning and Affect". Psychological Reports 69, n.º 3_suppl (diciembre de 1991): 1131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1131.
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This study tested the hypothesis that Essential Alcoholics ( n = 15) develop a more severe form of alcoholism than Reactive Alcoholics ( n = 12). VA alcoholic patients were classified as Essential or Reactive Alcoholics, using the Rudie-McGaughran questionnaire, and tested on four neuropsychological tests, the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, Tarter's Hyperactivity/Minimal Brain Dysfunction questionnaire, and Latcham's Measure of Antisocial Behavior. While the two groups did not differ in age, education, or Family History of alcoholism, Essential Alcoholics had an earlier age of onset and a longer chronicity of alcoholism. After analysis of covariance was used to control for group differences in age of onset and chronicity, Essential Alcoholics were still significantly higher on depression and significantly more impaired on five subtests of the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale: global measure, total items, general, learning-verbal, and frustration. Nonsignificant group differences, in the expected direction, were found for the Shipley Mental Age and Tarter's questionnaire. These results suggest that Essential Alcoholics have higher depression scores and greater impairments in neuropsychological functioning than Reactive Alcoholics.
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Grzegorzewska, Iwona y Lidia Cierpiałkowska. "Developmental Task Attainment in Adolescents from Families with a Recovering Alcoholic or Active Alcoholic Father". Polish Psychological Bulletin 42, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2011): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-011-0013-y.
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Developmental Task Attainment in Adolescents from Families with a Recovering Alcoholic or Active Alcoholic Father The problem under consideration is the issue of adolescent developmental tasks in families with alcohol-related problems, especially in families which contain one or more treated alcoholics. In the present work it was hypothesised that the treatment of alcoholic fathers would be one of the more important protective factors in families coping with alcoholism. The participants of the study included 91 children, aged 17-18. The research sample was comprised of three groups: 31 children of active alcoholics, 30 children of treated alcoholics, and 30 children of non-alcoholic parents. In general, the results of the study highlight the roles of temperament and parenting practices in the progress of developmental tasks. The data revealed that family characteristics were correlated to the predictors of these tasks. The groups used in the study were differed according to the factors of their developmental tasks.
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Zimmerman, Jeffrey D. y Barbara R. Zeller. "Imaginal, Sensory, and Cognitive Experience in Spontaneous Recovery from Alcoholism". Psychological Reports 71, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1992): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.691.
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Although alcoholism is often regarded as an intractable disorder that requires intensive treatment, studies of the natural history of alcoholism indicate that unaided, spontaneous recovery may be the most common pathway to remission from alcoholism. Negative environmental consequences of alcoholic drinking have been invoked to explain spontaneous recovery, but a more compelling reason for sudden changes in drinking behavior concerns shifts in the personal meanings surrounding alcohol use. Extensive interviews in a multimodal format were conducted with two groups of alcoholics: one group comprised of 7 subjects who spontaneously recovered without treatment and the other group comprised of 9 people who believed formal treatment was necessary to abstain from drinking. Spontaneously recovered alcoholics reported experiencing vivid sensations and images at the time they decided to quit drinking, and they reported subsequent transformations of their personal identities. Active alcoholics reported no comparable experiences in imaginal, sensory, and cognitive modalities. Implications of the results for current alcoholism treatments are discussed.
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Roy, Alec. "Aetiology of Secondary Depression in Male Alcoholics". British Journal of Psychiatry 169, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1996): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.6.753.
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BackgroundSecondary depression is common among primary alcoholics. However, its aetiology is poorly understood.MethodForty men with primary alcoholism, abstinent for two weeks or more, with a secondary major depressive episode were compared with forty matched never-depressed primary alcoholic controls for risk factors for depression and recent life events.ResultsIn the six months before the onset of depression depressed alcoholics had experienced significantly more life events, more life events with negative impact more dependent events caused by alcohol, and more independent events. Significantly more depressed alcoholics than controls had a family history of depression, a family history of suicidal behaviour and had themselves attempted suicide.ConclusionHaving recent life events, particularly events with negative impact, and a family history of depression are risk factors for secondary depression in alcoholics.
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Bolotovsky, I. S. "The main directions of alcoholism prevention". Kazan medical journal 67, n.º 5 (15 de septiembre de 1986): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70723.
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The prevention of alcoholism must begin with eradicating the alcoholism that causes it, but alcoholics should not be identified with drunkards. Drunkenness is systematic, immoderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, moral and ethical promiscuity with a loss of control over one's behavior and actions with certain social consequences; alcoholism is a disease.
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Duane, P. y T. J. Peters. "Glucocorticosteroid status in chronic alcoholics with and without skeletal muscle myopathy". Clinical Science 73, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1987): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0730601.
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1. Chronic alcoholism is associated with a selective atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres. We studied the glucocorticoid status of chronic alcoholics with and without myopathy to determine if hypercortisolism is responsible for the myopathy. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary Cortisol excretion and diurnal serum Cortisol measurements were not significantly different in chronic alcoholics, with and without atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres. 3. Diurnal serum Cortisol variation was normal for both groups of alcoholics studied. None of the patients with myopathy had raised serum Cortisol levels. 4. We conclude that chronic alcoholic myopathy is not due to alcohol-related pseudo-Cushing's syndrome.
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D'ARGEMBEAU, ARNAUD, MARTIAL VAN DER LINDEN, PAUL VERBANCK y XAVIER NOËL. "Autobiographical memory in non-amnesic alcohol-dependent patients". Psychological Medicine 36, n.º 12 (29 de agosto de 2006): 1707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706008798.
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Background. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with a wide range of cognitive deficits. However, little is known about memory for real-life events (autobiographical memory) in non-amnesic alcoholic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) non-amnesic alcoholics' ability to recall specific autobiographical memories and (b) their subjective experience when they access specific memories.Method. Twenty non-amnesic (without Korsakoff syndrome) recently detoxified alcoholics and 20 healthy controls completed the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), which assesses the frequency of specific (versus general) memories recalled in response to cue words, and the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (MCQ), which assesses subjective experience (e.g. the amount of sensory and contextual details experienced) when remembering specific events.Results. Alcoholic patients recalled specific memories less frequently and general memories more frequently than healthy controls. Nevertheless, when a specific past event was accessed, alcoholic patients subjectively experienced as many sensory and contextual details as controls.Conclusions. These findings suggest that non-amnesic alcoholics have difficulties strategically accessing event-specific autobiographical knowledge, which might result from changes in frontal lobe function that are associated with alcoholism.
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El-Guebaly, Nady, Douglas Staley, Alison Leckie y Stuart Koensgen. "Adult Children of Alcoholics in Treatment Programs for Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse*". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, n.º 8 (octubre de 1992): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700804.
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Studies of the first-degree relatives of patients with alcoholism and anxiety disorders have identified a significant overlap of these disorders. Forty percent of the patients in an outpatient anxiety disorder program were adult children of alcoholics (ACOA), a proportion similar to that found in the substance abuse program. The ACOAs in both programs were younger, had higher co-dependency scores and were younger when they had their first psychiatric contact than the controls. The adult children of alcoholics who had anxiety disorders were more likely to be female and their alcoholic parents were less likely to have had psychiatric antecedents to alcoholism. Aside from substance abuse, similarities in socio-demographic variables and the impact of the parents' alcoholism were noted, reinforcing the hypothesis that vulnerabilities to anxiety disorders and alcoholism overlap.
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Francis, Jini P. y Viju Painadath Devassy. "Setting the Children’s Teeth on Edge? The Influence of Parental Alcoholism on Children’s Wellbeing". Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 14, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.32.1.
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The research on the impact of alcoholism on the family indicates that alcoholism often poses threat to the wellbeing of the family, the most affected ones being the other spouse and the children. Alcoholism often poses serious risk to the emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical and social wellbeing of the abuser, the partner and the children. Most of the researches have explored the impact of parental alcoholism on the negative outcome on psychosocial development of partners and children, very few documented studies have been carried out on the positive aspects of life such as wellbeing and futuristic hope in the children of alcoholic parents (COA). This study attempts to explore the relationship and the difference between QOL and Hope in COA and children of non-alcoholics (CONA). The study was conducted on a sample of 60 children each between the age of 12 to 15 from alcoholics and non-alcoholic parents drawn from a district of Kerala using purposive sampling technique. The measures used were QOL-BREF by WHO (1996) and Children Hope Scale (CHS) by Snyder et al. (1996). The data was first analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the normality of the data was checked using Shapiro Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test was used to find the difference between the COA and CONA on QOL and Hope. The relationship between the variables was assed using Spearman rank correlation. The results of the study indicate that there is significant difference in QOL among the children of alcoholics and non-alcoholics. The COA demonstrated comparatively less Hope than the CONA, however there was no significant difference among them. The QOL and Hope were correlated only among the CONA. The study has implication for positive intervention for the COA, parental and school based interventions such as preventive, remedial and holistic counselling or therapy.
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Ikpeazu, V. O., S. A. U. Offiah, J. Chikezie, L. N. Chigbu, A. J. Ekenjoku, N. C. A. Chinyere y N. M. Igboh. "Lipid Profile and Reductive Enzyme Activities in Chronic Alcoholics in Aba Metropolis". American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 7, n.º 13 (8 de enero de 2023): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1316.
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Purpose: Chronic alcohol consumption predisposes individuals to several disorders, though, such effect depends on its level of concentration in the blood overtime. To ascertain the effects of alcohol on various tissues and organs of the body, the study evaluated the plasma lipids and reductive enzymes in alcoholics in Aba Metropolis.
Methodology: A total of one hundred and fifty subjects comprising hundred alcoholics and fifty age marched non-alcoholics were included in the study. Subjects with chronic diseases or other health issues and subjects with intake of drugs like thiazides, beta blockers and steroids were excluded from the study while those who were regular drinkers met the inclusion criteria for the test group. Both the test group and control group resided within Aba Metropoli. The alcoholic subjects were grouped into moderate and heavy drinkers based on the amount of alcohols consumed per week. Serum was obtained from blood collected from the subjects by venipuncture was used to determine lipid profile and the reductive enzymes. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 25) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance level for the analysis was set at P-value equal to or less than 0.05 (P=<0.05).
Findings: There was a significant increase in the mean levels of TC, TG, LDL, GGT and LDH in heavy drinkers’ alcoholics when compared to those who consumed alcohol moderately and non-alcoholics (control). In moderate alcoholics, there was significant increase in HDL and decrease in LDL when compared with heavy alcoholics. However, the increase in the assayed parameters in alcoholics suggest that high alcoholic beverages may induce derangement in some biochemical parameters monitored.
Recommendation: The study recommend that health awareness to be carried out to inform the public and vulnerable individuals on the risk of chronic alcohol consumption which may predispose them to various health problems.
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Bruno, Maria Cecilia Teixeira de Carvalho, Maria Aparecida Constantino Vilela y Carlos Alberto B. Mendes de Oliveira. "Study on dermatoses and their prevalence in groups of confirmed alcoholic individuals in comparison to a non-alcoholic group of individuals". Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, n.º 3 (junio de 2013): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131829.
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BACKGROUND: The direct relationship between alcoholism and dermatoses has been evaluated in recent researches. However, there are few objective surveys that demonstrate and prove a direct relationship between alcohol and a specific dermatosis. OBJECTIVES: to verify the prevalence of dermatoses in alcoholics, analize the dermatological changes found in these patients and their evolution during alcoholic abstinence. Also, to compare the results obtained with a non-alcoholic control group and with the data found in medical literature. METHODS: the dermatologic conditions of 278 alcoholic patients (250 men, 28 women) were studied over a period of 4 years, and compared to those of a control group of 271 non-alcoholic individuals (249 men, 22 women), members of the Military Police Force. The individuals in both groups were between 20 and 60 years old. RESULTS: Pellagra, nummular eczema, purpura pigmentosa chronica (also known as pigmented purpuric dermatosis) and psoriasis were more frequent in the group of alcoholics and, apparently, occurred in parallel with alcoholism that seems to play a role in the evolution of these dermatoses. The dermatopathies were more frequent before the age of forty, regardless of factors such as profession, race or gender. CONCLUSION: the association of dermatoses and alcoholism was extremely significant according to the statistical data. Alcoholism can be considered a risk factor for pellagra, psoriasis, nummular eczema and purpura pigmentosa chronica dermatoses, which can, as well, be considered alcoholism indicators.
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Skuja, Sandra, Nityanand Jain, Marks Smirnovs y Modra Murovska. "Alcohol-Induced Alterations in the Vascular Basement Membrane in the Substantia Nigra of the Adult Human Brain". Biomedicines 10, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2022): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10040830.
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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a highly specialized interface that acts as the first line of defense against toxins. Herein, we investigated the structural and ultrastructural changes in the basement membrane (BM), which is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the BBB, in the context of chronic alcoholism. Human post-mortem tissues from the Substantia Nigra (SN) region were obtained from 44 individuals, then grouped into controls, age-matched alcoholics, and non-age-matched alcoholics and assessed using light and electron microscopy. We found significantly less CD31+ vessels in alcoholic groups compared to controls in both gray and white matter samples. Alcoholics showed increased expression levels of collagen-IV, laminin-111, and fibronectin, which were coupled with a loss of BM integrity in comparison with controls. The BM of the gray matter was found to be more disintegrated than the white matter in alcoholics, as demonstrated by the expression of both collagen-IV and laminin-111, thereby indicating a breakdown in the BM’s structural composition. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of fibronectin was upregulated in the BM of the white matter vasculature in both alcoholic groups compared to controls. Taken together, our findings highlight some sort of aggregation or clumping of BM proteins that occurs in response to chronic alcohol consumption.
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Vikashini, P. y A. Jayasudha. "Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Ill Effects of Alcoholism among Alcoholics in Selected Community Area". International Journal of Research and Review 9, n.º 3 (26 de marzo de 2022): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220353.
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Alcoholism also known as alcohol abuse is a broad term of any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems. The disorder was previously divided as alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. To assess the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics. To associate the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics with the selected demographic variables. The study was taken 30 samples of alcoholics in a selected community area at Coimbatore. Convenient sampling technique was used and data was collected used structured teaching programme. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. 30 alcoholics were assessed, the knowledge on ill effects of alcoholism of 16(53.33%) inadequate knowledge, 14(46.66%) had moderately adequate, 0% had adequate knowledge. After education 0% had inadequate knowledge, 11(36.66%) moderately adequate, 19(63.33%) had adequate knowledge. There was a significant association between the selected demographic and with the pre-test knowledge regarding ill effects of alcoholism. The study concluded that the identifying the knowledge and conducted education regarding ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics was helpful to improve their knowledge regarding the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics in selected community area at Coimbatore. Keywords: Assess, Effectiveness, Structured teaching programme, ill effects of alcoholism, Alcoholics, and selected community area.
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George, Sabin, Sanju Daniel John, Salk George y Jasica Joy Thottiyil. "Lipid profile and alcoholism". International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, n.º 5 (23 de septiembre de 2019): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193595.
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Background: Alcoholism is a major threat to public health in both developed and developing countries. Alcohol has many effects on lipid profile, including inducing de novo fatty acid synthesis and inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in liver. Aim of this study was to study the effect of alcohol consumption on serum lipid profile in alcoholics and to compare with those of non-alcoholic controls.Methods: 100 cases and 100 age and sex matched controls were selected. These subjects were classified into, 1. Moderate alcoholics: Consuming ≤210 g per week 2. Heavy alcoholics: Consuming >210 g per week. Blood was taken in fasting state and lipids were estimated.Results: Among 200 subjects, 94% were male. 58.5% of the male and 83.3% of the female were heavy drinkers. Maximum number of alcoholics were seen in the age group of 41-50 years. The height correlated well with both control and study group. The moderate dose alcoholics had a higher weight when compared to control group and heavy dose alcoholics. The heavy dose alcoholics had a lower BMI when compared with the control group and moderate dose alcoholics. Heavy dose alcohol consumption was associated with a higher increase in triglyceride level. The total cholesterol level was significantly higher in the heavy dose alcoholics when compared with the control group. The HDL level was highest in the moderate dose alcoholics. The LDL level was highest in heavy dose alcoholics whereas, the moderate dose alcoholics had a lesser LDL level when compared with the control group. The VLDL level steadily increased with alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Patients with heavy alcohol consumption had significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL. The moderate alcohol consumers had significantly increased HDL and decreased LDL. These protective effects declined after heavy alcohol consumption.
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van Gool, W. A. "Alcoholism and dementia". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 3, n.º 2 (junio de 1991): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092427080003502x.
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SummaryThe controversy concerning the concept ‘alcoholic dementia’ is reviewed in brief. Evidence from neuroradiological and neuropathological studies contribute little to the solution of this controversy, if dementia is considered as a clinical syndrome. From clinical descriptions it can be concluded that a sub-population of alcoholics suffers from a syndrome typified by psychologic disturbances other than amnesia alone. These patients fulfill the criteria for the syndromal diagnosis of ‘dementia’.The nosologic concept of ‘alcoholic dementia’ implies a direct neurotoxic effect of alcohol and it raises questions concerning pathogenetic mechanisms which can not be answered. The DSM-III-R category ‘dementia associated with alcoholism’ represents a solution for this controversy, because it gives a correct and complete (radically syndromal) clinical description without making assumptions on the relative contribution of multiple factors causing cognitive disturbances in alcoholics.
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Pease, Barbara B. y David F. Hurlbert. "A Comparative Study of the Attitudes of Alcoholic Veterans and Nonalcoholic Veterans toward Child Rearing Practices and Family Life". Journal of Drug Education 18, n.º 2 (junio de 1988): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jp82-gq60-wng2-vh45.
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To compare parental attitudes of alcoholics and nonalcoholics a parental attitude questionnaire (PARI-Q4) was administered to a stratified sample of alcoholic veterans in a VA alcohol treatment program and to nonalcoholic male veterans employed at the VAMC. The f-test was used to test equality between samples. Pearson's r was used to correlate for age on all scales. ANOVA methods were used to correlate race, social class, and fatherhood variables. Significant differences between the groups appeared on six scales, “Encouraging Verbalization,” “Avoiding Harsh Punishment,” “Encouraging Emotional Expression,” “Irresponsibility of Father,” “Inconsiderate-ness of Wife,” and “Tolerating Aggression.” No significant differences regarding fatherhood, race, age or social class were found. Since alcoholism was the only significant variable found in this study it points to the need for intervention through teaching parental skills to alcoholics to decrease the risk of their children becoming alcoholics.
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Globetti, Gerald y David R. Rudy. "Becoming Alcoholic: Alcoholics Anonymous and the Reality of Alcoholism." Social Forces 65, n.º 4 (junio de 1987): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579040.
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Hunter, Thomas A. y Paul R. Salomone. "Dry Drunk Symptoms and Alcoholic Relapse". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 18, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 1987): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.18.1.22.
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This paper focuses on the multiple symptoms of impending relapse in alcoholism, termed “dry drunks,” and relates each symptom to the self-disciplines that recovering alcoholics should follow. There is an effort to clarifY, briefly, denial events within the range of the alcoholic experience. Finally, several clinical suggestions are made to assist the rehabilitation practitioner who wishes to help alcoholic clients understand dry drunk symptoms and prevent relapse.
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Comper, Emily, Adriana Macena, Laerson Andrade, Marluce Siqueira y Flávia Portugal. "Suicide among Alcoholics in an Outpatient Service". International Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience 8, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56769/ijpn08204.
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Alcoholism is a growing problem throughout Brazil, consumption excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages generates physical, psychological, family and professionals. Among the mental disorders caused by alcoholism, depression and the suicide attempt. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 300 Millions of people live with depression. For alcoholic patients, the presence of symptoms depression is a risk factor for relapse. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death violence all over the world. Alcohol-dependent individuals are at greater risk of trying to suicide, as well as for the consummation of the act. Objective: To identify the presence of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in alcoholics treated at an outpatient service. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in an outpatient service of a university hospital. Users attended from June 2016 to June 2017 were surveyed. Inclusion criteria: users diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome [SDA]. Data were obtained through analysis of medical records. Statistical analysis was performed by selecting the following variables: sex, age, marital status, education, city, religion, profession, living with the family, suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and depression. Results: Of the 139 medical records selected, 31 users (22.3%) had suicidal ideation, 14 (10.1%) had attempted suicide and 27 (19.4%) had a diagnosis of depression. A greater association of women with suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and depression was found. People up to 50 years old were more likely to attempt suicide and individuals with higher education are more likely to attempt suicide and depression. Conclusion: Alcoholism is closely related to suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and depression. In this context, the present study made it possible to identify the presence of these symptoms in alcoholics treated at an outpatient service. Keywords: Alcoholism, Suicide, Depression.
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Sobral-Oliveira, Maria Beatriz, Joel Faintuch, Dulce Reis Guarita, Claudia P. Oliveira y Flair J. Carrilho. "Nutritional profile of asymptomatic alcoholic patients". Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 48, n.º 2 (junio de 2011): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032011000200006.
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CONTEXT: Alcoholism may interfere with nutritional status, but reports are often troubled by uncertainties about ingested diet and organ function, as well as by ongoing abuse and associated conditions. OBJECTIVE: To identify nutritional and body compartment changes in stable alcoholics without confounding clinical and dietetic variables, a prospective observational pilot study was designed. Three well-matched populations were considered: subjects with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, alcoholics without visceral disease, and healthy never-drinking adults (controls). METHODS: Subjects (n = 60) were asymptomatic males with adequate diet, no superimposed disease or complication, and alcohol-free for at least 6 months. After exclusions, 48 patients were compared. Variables encompassed dietary recall, bioimpedance analysis, biochemical profile and inflammatory markers. Main outcome measures were body fat, lean body mass, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and selected minerals and vitamins. RESULTS: Both alcoholic populations suffered from reduced lean body mass (P = 0.001), with well-maintained body fat.Magnesium was depleted, and values of vitamin D and B12 correlated with alcohol abuse. LDL and total cholesterol was increased in alcoholics without pancreatitis (P = 0.04), but not in those with visceral damage. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A correlated with duration of excessive drinking (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Undernutrition (diminished lean body mass, risk of magnesium and vitamin deficiencies) contrasted with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk. This second danger was masked during chronic pancreatitis but not in alcoholics without visceral disease. Further studies should focus special requirements of this population.
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Jones, A. W., L. Nilsson, S. A. Gladh, K. Karlsson y J. Beck-Friis. "2,3-Butanediol in plasma from an alcoholic mistakenly identified as ethylene glycol by gas-chromatographic analysis". Clinical Chemistry 37, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1991): 1453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.8.1453.
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Abstract 2,3-Butanediol was mistakenly identified as ethylene glycol in plasma specimens from two alcoholic patients. The cyclic phenylboronate ester derivatives of 2,3-butanediol and ethylene glycol had the same retention time when OV-17 was used as the stationary phase for gas chromatography. This led to incorrect diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning and unnecessary invasive therapy. Plasma from two chronic alcoholics contained 2,3-butanediol at 3.5 and 3.4 mmol/L. The elimination half-life of 2,3-butanediol was 3.9 days when ethanol was administered during therapy for suspected ethylene glycol poisoning. Low concentrations of 2,3-butanediol might be present in blood of chronic alcoholics as a result of a novel pathway of intermediary metabolism associated with some forms of alcoholism. However, a more likely explanation for fairly high concentrations of 2,3-butanediol is enzymatic production from 2-butanone. This ketone occurs in denatured alcohol preparations often consumed by alcoholics in Sweden.
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Kucuk, Murathan, Can Ramazan Oncel, Aytul Belgi Yıldırım, Fatih Canan y Mehmet Murat Kuloglu. "Evaluation of Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Chronic Asymptomatic Alcoholics by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography". BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6582568.
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By using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, we aimed to investigate the structural and functional changes on myocardium in chronic asymptomatic alcoholics without any cardiovascular disease. Forty-one consecutive asymptomatic male alcoholics who were admitted to the outpatient alcoholism unit and 30 age matched healthy male volunteers selected as the control group were enrolled in the study. The study group were investigated by using standard two-dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography. The left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain and LV global circumferential strain were significantly lower in alcoholics when compared with control subjects. There was no difference in global radial strain between the two groups. To demonstrate the effect of total life time dose of ethanol (TLDE) on echocardiographic abnormalities, we assessed the correlation analysis. There was a nonsignificant weak correlation between global LV circumferential strain and TLDE (r=0.27,p=0.083). Speckle tracking echocardiography derived left ventricular systolic function was impaired in chronic alcoholic patients when compared with healthy controls.
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Shaz, Rahimulla Afra, Shri Shilpa y Reddy M. Mohan. "The Guard, His Gauntlet and Goblet- An Atypical Presentation of Pellagra in a Chronic Alcoholic". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 13, n.º 3 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v13i3.23.56.
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Alcoholism a chronic condition affects multiple organ systems including skin. Dermatological markers of alcohol abuse are invaluable. Despite this, association of skin diseases and alcohol misuse maybe overlooked or physicians fail to explore. Pellagra is a multifactorial disease caused by Niacin/Tryptophan deficiency. It exhibits photodermatitis, gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Chronic alcoholics are at risk. Considering pellagra as differential diagnosis in chronic alcoholics with these symptoms is crucial. This disease is easily treatable but if missed proves fatal. Hence, its recognition is important in other clinical settings for comprehensive treatment. The pathognomonic presentation of Pellagra is the Casal necklace, but here we present a case of 34year old alcoholic with an atypical presentation of Pellagra. Chronic alcoholics need evaluation for Pellagra amongst other nutritional deficiencies which due to diverse presentation can be missed. Early diagnosis and treatment can avoid impending neuropsychiatric complications. Due to participation of numerous disciplines consultation liaison psychiatry is vital here. Keywords: Alcohol dependence, Alcohol cutaneous manifestations, Pellagra, Niacin deficiency, Alcohol biomarkers
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Mukhopadhyay, J. "Medico-social profile of male alcoholics in a north Indian city". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, n.º 7 (23 de junio de 2017): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172866.
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Background:Alcohol Dependence has been posing an unprecedented public health challenge in recent years. Alcohol related morbidity and mortality has attained new zenith that merits attention. Considering the abominable effects of alcoholism, it was decided to study the medico-social profile of male alcoholics in an urban set-up to identify the risk factors and suggest preventive measures.Methods:60 subjects reporting to a de-addiction centre at a north Indian town for treatment were studied during September 2014-February 2015. All the individuals were satisfying the criteria of alcohol dependence as per diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder. A pretested structured proforma was introduced to the consenting individuals, which included demographic details, personal and family history with details of physical and mental status examination. Data obtained was analysed and tabulated.Results:The mean age of the alcoholics seeking treatment was 37.86 years. Majority of them were married, middle school educated, employed urbanite, unskilled workers from lower middle class background. Mean ages of first alcoholic drink and first intoxication were 18.95 and 20.35 years respectively. Dependency developed at 28.60 years. Alcoholic father (65%) and brothers (31.67%) appeared tended the subjects towards alcohol. Financial stress and withdrawal problems mostly steered them to seek treatment. Epidemiological insight unveiled many risk factors like vulnerability of adolescents, male sex, nominal schooling, low socio-economic lineage, early employment, peer pressure, alcoholic father and siblings, financial stress and family discord.Conclusions:More community based studies are suggested to identify the community specific risk factors for alcoholism and recommend suitable preventive measures to abate alcoholism.
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Prates, José Gilberto, Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira, Heloísa Garcia Claro, Paula Hayasi Pinho, Gabriella de Andrade Boska, Ivan Filipe de Almeida Lopes Fernandes y Julia Carolina de Mattos Cerioni Silva. "Attitudes of professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics". Rev Rene 22 (12 de agosto de 2021): e62765. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212262765.
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Objective: to assess the attitudes of professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. Methods: a cross-sectional evaluation study with 288 professionals from 12 healthcare services. Sociodemographic data, Patient Satisfaction Scale with Mental Health Services and Attitude Scale for alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics were collected. Results: the professionals who showed a more critical attitude towards their work routine and those who worked in the healthcare services for longer had positive attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. Professionals from the administrative team and health technicians had more negative attitudes. Conclusion: the attitudes of professionals towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics, in general, are positive and were associated with longer working time in the field and the manifestation of disapproving situations with work.
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Adams, Scot L. y Shirley A. Waskel. "Comparisons of Purpose in Life Scores between Alcoholics with Early and Later Onset". Psychological Reports 69, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1991): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.837.
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No significant differences were found on Purpose in Life scores of 33 early onset (before age 40) and 27 late onset (after 40 years of age) alcoholic men in alcoholism treatment centers. Differences were found between the later onset group and another group of early onset alcoholics ( n = 38) as well as an older nonalcoholic group of 20 tested by Meier and Edwards.
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Lima-Rodríguez, Joaquín Salvador, María Dolores Guerra-Martín, Isabel Domínguez-Sánchez y Marta Lima-Serrano. "Alcoholic patients' response to their disease: perspective of patients and family". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 23, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2015): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0516.2662.
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Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.
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Ndirangu, Gakunga, Wokabi Mwangi y Hadijah Murenga. "Effects of Negative Societal Reaction to Alcoholism on Alcoholics’ Participation in Development Project in Nyahururu Sub County, Laikipia County, Kenya". European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, n.º 3 (21 de junio de 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2021.1.3.43.
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Many societies across the globe have been using alcohol for religious, social, cultural, and recreational purposes for ages. Over the period, societies have come to recognize the negative outcomes of alcohol misuse to individual users, their families, and the society in general. Different societies therefore adopted various ways of controlling alcohol misuse, mainly guided by a society’s cultural and social norms. Norms related to alcohol use and misuse therefore plays an important role in determining how a specific society reacts to alcohol use and abuse. Negative societal reaction to alcoholism and alcoholics influences levels of alcoholics’ interaction with other members of the society as well as their access to information on development projects in their localities. Alcoholics’ reaction on societal sanctions related to alcoholism and alcoholics determines as well determines their level of marginalization. Level of alcoholics’ social interaction and access to information, influences their participation in development project. This article explores effects of negative societal reaction to alcoholism on alcoholics’ participation in development projects in Nyahururu Sub County, Kenya. It outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study with a view of creating awareness on identified effects and recommends ways of minimizing alcoholics’ marginalization in development projects.
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Wiener, Carolyn. "Becoming Alcoholic: Alcoholics Anonymous and the Reality of Alcoholism (Book)." Sociology of Health and Illness 10, n.º 1 (marzo de 1988): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340144.
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Kuznetsov, V. P. "About alcoholic automatism". Neurology Bulletin V, n.º 4 (22 de octubre de 2020): 73–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb46944.
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The painful condition, known in medicine under the name of alcoholic automatism, alcoholic trance, alcoholic somnambulism, despite its significance in forensic medicine, has been the subject of research from a relatively recent time. In 1878, the observations related to this were described by Professor Magnan, who expressed the proposition that alcoholic automatism is the result of the complication of alcoholism with epilepsy and that automatic states are observed only in such chronic alcoholics who have epilepsy. Since 1879, several papers by Dr. Crothers have been published on this issue. Further cases of alcoholic automatism have been described by Drs. Kinney, Collin, Chamtemesse, Souques and others.
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P., Rubina M., Riyas Basheer K. B., Mohammed Safeer T. K., Soumya V., Murshid Ali K. T. y Chandana Ramchandran C. "A comparative study on hematological parameters among the social and problem drinkers admitted in a tertiary care rehabilitation centre". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, n.º 8 (25 de julio de 2019): 2981. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193381.
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Background: Alcoholism is a broad form for problems with alcohol and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the determinant of drinker’s health, personal relationships and social standing. It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness. Alcohol has numerous adverse effects on the various types of blood cells and their functions. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in alcoholic patients admitted in tertiary care hospital.Methods: The blood samples were collected from alcoholics admitted in a psychiatric and rehabilitation centre and the samples were processed in hematology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital. The hematological parameters (CBC) except ESR, were performed by using fully automated blood cell counters. The change in alcoholics was studied under two categories-social drinkers and problem drinkers. The results of these parameters were compared with age and sex matched normal population.Results: Total 200 cases included in which 110 were abstainers and 90 were alcoholics. Among alcoholics 67% were problem drinkers and 33% were social drinkers. The mean values of Hb, RBC and MCV in social drinkers were 11.1 g/dl, 3.1 million cells /μl and 100.5 fl, in problem drinkers were 9.8 g/dl, 2.89 million cells /μl and 105.5 fl, and in control population were 14.8 g/dl, 4.8 million cells / μl and 93 fl respectively.Conclusions: The study shown that parameters were changed in both social drinkers and problem drinkers. But predominant changes were observed in problem drinkers. The presence of elevated MCV and decreased RBC and Hb are suggestive of megaloblastic changes.
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Jain, Nityanand, Marks Smirnovs, Samanta Strojeva, Modra Murovska y Sandra Skuja. "Chronic Alcoholism and HHV-6 Infection Synergistically Promote Neuroinflammatory Microglial Phenotypes in the Substantia Nigra of the Adult Human Brain". Biomedicines 9, n.º 9 (14 de septiembre de 2021): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091216.
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Both chronic alcoholism and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection have been identified as promoters of neuroinflammation and known to cause movement-related disorders. Substantia Nigra (SN), the dopaminergic neuron-rich region of the basal ganglia, is involved in regulating motor function and the reward system. Hence, we hypothesize the presence of possible synergism between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection in the SN region and report a comprehensive quantification and characterization of microglial functions and morphology in postmortem brain tissue from 44 healthy, age-matched alcoholics and chronic alcoholics. A decrease in the perivascular CD68+ microglia in alcoholics was noted in both the gray and white matter. Additionally, the CD68+/Iba1− microglial subpopulation was found to be the dominant type in the controls. Conversely, in alcoholics, dystrophic changes in microglia were seen with a significant increase in Iba1 expression and perivascular to diffuse migration. An increase in CD11b expression was noted in alcoholics, with the Iba1+/CD11b− subtype promoting inflammation. All the controls were found to be negative for HHV-6 whilst the alcoholics demonstrated HHV-6 positivity in both gray and white matter. Amongst HHV-6 positive alcoholics, all the above-mentioned changes were found to be heightened when compared with HHV-6 negative alcoholics, thereby highlighting the compounding relationship between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection that promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Simonič, Barbara y Elżbieta Osewska. "Emotional Experience and Consequences of Growing Up in a Family with Alcoholism in Adult Children of Alcoholics". Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II 13, n.º 1 (14 de julio de 2023): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/pch.13105.
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Adult children of alcoholics are adults who spent a part of, or their whole childhood in a dysfunctional family, where the biggest problem was alcohol addiction in one or both parents. In families with parental alcoholism, there is usually a lot of dysfunction in interpersonal relationships and in the upbringing of the children, which does not provide a healthy and optimal developmental environment for the child. There is often physical and psychological violence, and other forms of abuse and neglect that children perceive as traumatic. All this leaves the child with severe consequences, which they also struggle with in adulthood. Unresolved and traumatic childhood content often remains repressed and unprocessed and helps shape one’s functioning in adulthood, which is frequently emotionally and socially immature. Adult children of alcoholics often have problems in experiencing and regulating their emotions, as they had to carry many emotional burdens in a dysfunctional family, while they had no real opportunity for the healthy development of emotional regulation. The article will present research on the emotional experience of children with their alcoholic parents and how they recognize related consequences in their adult lives. Using the content analysis method, we analyzed 71 anonymous forum posts on the counselling forum on the topic “Adult children of alcoholics.” The directed approach to content analysis was used to validate forum posts by people who described their childhood experiences with an alcoholic parent. We identified parts of the content that fell into two predetermined categories: emotional experience in childhood with an alcoholic parent and the experience of its consequences in adulthood. The results showed that the adult children of alcoholics mostly experienced severe feelings of fear, shame, sadness and disgust with their alcoholic parents in their childhood, and that these feelings have remained unprocessed. In adulthood, they struggle with negative consequences in the personal sphere (e.g. poor self-esteem, inferiority, anxiety, depression), in interpersonal relationships (e.g. problems in partnerships, mistrust, social phobia, parental stress, complicated relationships with parents) and in everyday functioning (e.g. coping with one’s own addiction, dysfunctional behavioural patterns), but they also recognize that because of this experience they have managed to lay the foundations of their lives differently and better. The results confirm that children are hidden victims of parental alcoholism and justify the need for psychosocial and therapeutic support even in their adulthood.
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Pereda Rodríguez, Yoelys, Sissy del Campo Martínez, Lázaro Pablo Linares Cánovas, Olga Inguanzo Llauel y Marta María Pérez Martin. "Risk behaviors in adolescents. Medical office 59. Policlínico Turcios lima". SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations 1 (10 de diciembre de 2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/piii2023128.
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Introduction. Adolescence is one of the most important periods of human life. The consumption of alcohol and drugs constitutes one of the possible ways for adolescents to “experience” new ways of acting and feeling. Objectives. To evaluate the risk behavior towards the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes in adolescents of clinic 59 of the “Luis A Turcios Lima” Polyclinic, from July to December 2022. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 47 adolescents, matching the universe with the sample. The variables studied were: age of onset of smoking and drinking, place where the risky behaviors began, coexistence with alcoholic or smoking family members. Knowledge about the harmful effects of alcoholism and smoking. A survey was applied. Results: 97.8% of the adolescents with risky behaviors started them after 14 years of age and 59.5% were at parties and 29.7% with friends. 74.4 % had no family history of alcoholics and smokers and 65.9 % had inadequate knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Conclusions: Most adolescents started smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages after the age of 14 years, at parties and with friends, a large number of them do not live with alcoholics or smokers. There is inadequate knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages
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Kessel, Klaus, Erik Forsblom, Eeva Ruotsalainen y Asko Järvinen. "Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in alcoholics". PLOS ONE 19, n.º 5 (21 de mayo de 2024): e0298612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298612.
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Background Alcoholism associates with increased Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia incidence and mortality. The objective was to compare disease progression, treatment and prognosis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in alcoholics versus non-alcoholics. Methods The study design was a multicenter retrospective analysis of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with 90-day follow-up. Patients were stratified as alcoholics or non-alcoholics based on electronic health record data. Altogether 617 Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia patients were included of which 83 (13%) were alcoholics. Results Alcoholics, versus non-alcoholics, were younger, typically male and more commonly had community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. No differences in McCabe´s classification of underlying conditions was observed. Higher illness severity at blood culture sampling, including severe sepsis (25% vs. 7%) and intensive care unit admission (39% vs. 17%), was seen in alcoholics versus non-alcoholics. Clinical management, including infectious disease specialist (IDS) consultations and radiology, were provided equally. Alcoholics, versus non-alcoholics, had more pneumonia (49% vs. 35%) and fewer cases of endocarditis (7% vs. 16%). Mortality in alcoholics versus non-alcoholics was significantly higher at 14, 28 and 90 days (14% vs. 7%, 24% vs. 11% and 31% vs. 17%), respectively. Considering all prognostic parameters, male sex (OR 0.19, p = 0.021) and formal IDS consultation (OR 0.19, p = 0.029) were independent predictors of reduced mortality, whereas ultimately or rapidly fatal comorbidity in McCabe´s classification (OR 12.34, p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of mortality in alcoholics. Conclusions Alcoholism deteriorates Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia prognosis, and our results suggests that this is predominantly through illness severity at bacteremia onset. Three quarters of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia patients we studied had identified deep infection foci, and of them alcoholics had significantly less endocarditis but nearly half of them had pneumonia.
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Ito, Ichiaki, Akira Asai, Hideko Ohama, Yusuke Tsuchimoto, Yasuhiro Tsuda, Kazuhide Higuchi, Kiwamu Nakamura, Sumihiro Suzuki, Makiko Kobayashi y Fujio Suzuki. "Susceptibility of NOD/scid IL-2Rγnull mice inoculated with alcoholic patient white blood cells to the pulmonary infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae (HUM8P.331)". Journal of Immunology 192, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2014): 185.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.185.6.
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Abstract Alcoholics are known to be very susceptible to various opportunistic infections. In this study, host antibacterial resistance of alcoholics to K. pneumoniae infection was characterized in a murine chimera model of alcoholics. A chimera model of alcoholics (patient chimeras) was created in NOD/scid IL-2Rγnull mice irradiated with γ-rays (3.5 Gy) after inoculation with WBC (5 x 106 cells) from alcoholic patients. As a control (healthy chimeras), the same scid mice were inoculated with 5 x 106 cells of healthy donor WBC. Both chimeras were intratracheally infected with K. pneumoniae (100 CFU). In the results, bacterial growth was detected in the lungs and kidneys of patient chimeras, while significant numbers of bacteria were not isolated from these organs of healthy chimeras. All patient chimeras died within 2 days of infection, while 75% of healthy chimeras survived more than 7 days after the infection. Alcoholic patient CD14+ cells killed K. pneumoniae, while the pathogen was not killed by the same cells isolated from healthy donors. CD14+ cells isolated from WBC of alcoholic patients were shown to be IL-10-producing CCL1+CD163+ cells (M2bMφ), while these cells were not isolated from WBC of healthy donors. These results indicate that host antibacterial resistance is not displayed in humanized chimeras created with alcoholic patient WBC. M2bMφ demonstrated in alcoholic patient WBC may play a role on the impaired resistance of alcoholics to opportunistic infections.
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Blusewicz, Matthew J., Joel H. Kramer y Richard L. Delmonico. "Interference effects in chronic alcoholism". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2, n.º 2 (marzo de 1996): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700000990.
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AbstractThis study investigated underlying mechanisms of the verbal memory disorder associated with chronic alcoholism. Previous investigations have suggested that alcoholics are more vulnerable to interference effects on verbal learning and memory tasks, both with respect to retroactive interference (RI) and proactive interference (PI); this was the hypothesis of the current study. Measures of RI and build-up and release from PI were administered to 31 abstinent male chronic alcoholics and 24 healthy male nonalcoholic control subjects. Alcoholics demonstrated more sensitivity to RI than controls. Additionally, alcoholics displayed a more rapid build-up of PI, although they showed normal release. An increased interference effect was found to be a component of chronic alcoholics’ verbal memory impairment and may differentiate chronic alcoholism from other disorders affecting verbal learning and memory. (JINS, 1996, 2, 141–145.)
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Braggio, John T., Vladimir Pishkin, Oscar A. Parsons, Steven M. Fishkin y John R. Tassey. "Resting Cardiovascular Activity and Antisocial Behavior in Essential and Reactive Alcoholic Men". Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, n.º 3 (junio de 1992): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.3.847.
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This study showed that 10 men identified as Essential alcoholics had significantly lower resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures and significantly higher scores on Latcham's measure of antisocial behavior than 11 Reactive alcoholics. For all alcoholics the antisocial measure was positively correlated with the total score on the Rudie-McGaughran questionnaire. Also, the antisocial measure was negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. If lower resting cardiovascular activity were a psychophysiological indicator of more antisocial behavior, change on both variables could be associated with initiation and maintenance of alcoholic drinking by Essential alcoholic men.
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Dayananda, BO y Rental Sreevani. "Behavioural Problems Among Children of Alcoholic Parents at Selected Government High School in Bangalore". Nursing Journal of India CIX, n.º 05 (2018): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2018.cix501.
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Perhaps the most defenceless victims of alcoholism are the children of alcoholics. It is, therefore, very important to screen for problems at earliest age. In this study, a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was adopted. One hundred children of alcoholic parents were recruited by non-probability purposive sampling method. Children of alcoholic screening test were used for identifying children of alcoholics. Paediatric Symptom Checklist was used for assessing behavioural problems. The study was conducted at three Government High Schools in Pottery Town, Hosaguddadahalli and Attigupe, Bangalore. The result shown that 58 percent of respondents were having mild to moderate impairment in psychosocial functioning. 11 percent of the children scored positive on the internalising subscale, 13 percent scored positive on the externalising subscale, 9 percent scored positive on the attention subscale and 10 percent were positive for other problems like physical symptoms, difficulty in academics and sleep disturbance. There was no significant association found between behavioural problems scores with age, sex, religion, class, educational qualification of father, educational qualification of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother and monthly family income. It is concluded that children of alcoholic parents are risk for behavioural problems.
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Massengill, Douglas. "Walking a Straight (and Fine) Line: Alcoholism and the Americans with Disabilities Act". Public Personnel Management 34, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2005): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600503400306.
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This paper examines case law regarding alcoholism as a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Courts have used varying standards in deciding whether alcoholism should be considered a disability within the meaning of the term in the ADA. These have ranged from accepting alcoholism as a disability per se to requiring extensive evidence that a person's alcohol abuse places a substantial limitation on a major life activity. Required accommodations for alcoholics have been minimal, mostly the allowance of time off for rehabilitation. Employers have been permitted to hold alcoholics to the same standards of performance and behavior as non-alcoholics.
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Hickish, T., K. W. Colston, J. M. Bland y J. D. Maxwell. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Muscle Strength in Male Alcoholics". Clinical Science 77, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1989): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0770171.
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1. Chronic alcoholism may be complicated by proximal muscle weakness associated with a selective atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres. The histopathological findings are non-specific as identical changes are seen in proximal muscle weakness associated with various metabolic myopathies, including osteomalacia. 2. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the dominant quadriceps and plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D] were measured in male alcoholics and control subjects to determine whether vitamin D deficiency contributed to proximal muscle weakness. 3. In both groups MVC declined with age and was related to body build. The distribution of plasma 25-(OH)D was skewed in alcoholics, with the mean significantly lower than in control subjects. Seventeen per cent of patients (but none of the control subjects) had pronounced biochemical deficiency [plasma 25-(OH)D < 10 nmol/l]. 4. Alcoholics were significantly weaker than control subjects, even after correcting for the effects of age, height and weight. The severity of associated liver disease (cirrhosis vs no cirrhosis) did not influence muscle strength. Variation in plasma 25-(OH)D and albumin made an insignificant contribution to the difference in MVC observed between patients and control subjects. 5. We conclude that proximal muscle strength is reduced in chronic alcoholism but that this is not due to associated vitamin D [25-(OH)D] deficiency or alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Vaillant, George E. "Alcoholics Anonymous: Cult or Cure?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, n.º 6 (junio de 2005): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01600.x.
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Objective: To discuss the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the safety of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in the treatment of alcoholism. Method: The published works on effective treatments for alcoholism is briefly reviewed and a prospective multidisciplinar y follow-up of recovery from alcoholism in two community cohorts of adolescent males followed from 1940 until the present day is reviewed. Conclusions: The suggested mechanism of action of AA is that it employs four factors widely shown to be effective in relapse prevention in addictions: external supervision, substitute dependency, new caring relationships and increased spirituality. In addition, AA serendipitously follows the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy in relapse prevention. Alcoholics Anonymous appears equal to or superior to conventional treatments for alcoholism, and the skepticism of some professionals regarding AA as a first rank treatment for alcoholism would appear to be unwarranted. Alcoholics Anonymous is probably without serious side-effects.
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Todorović, Slobadanka. "Socijalno medicinske karakteristike i razlike između alkoholičara sa periodičnim i kontinuiranim pijenjem / Social and Medical Characteristics and Differences Between Alcoholics With Periodic and Continuous Drinking". SESTRINSKI ŽURNAL 3, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/sez0116005t.
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According to the prevalence, causes and effects, addiction to alcohol is primarily a social problem (social - pathological phenomenon), a secondary medical, or psychiatric problem. Medicine, psychiatry belongs to that part of the alcohol abuse which has the characteristics of the disease, the disease of addiction. Suppresses the craving for alcohol and changed all mental functions, emotions, morality, accountability, value systems and encourages those traits that serve the satisfaction of desire - manipulative, passivity, impatience, recklessness, self-centeredness, hedonism.Dependence means the state of periodic or chronic intoxication with alcohol and is characterized by: a strong desire and need for acquiring and consuming alcohol, the tendency of increasing amounts of alcohol taken, physical and psychological dependence, adverse health consequences and distortions in social and professional functioning.There are several different divisions of alcoholics, today in most of our institutions and the distribution of benefits by the way alcoholics drinking on periodic and continuous (daily), which is easier and more convenient to use. In order to evaluate whether social status affect the way drinking alcohol, we investigated the medical social characteristics and differences between alcoholics with periodic and continuous drinking.The results of our study indicate that alcoholics consume alcohol periodically are mostly unmarried, living with friends more frequently in rural areas, are employed and have children. Family history is burdened by their addiction to alcohol and often come not treatment to avoid legal sanctions. Alcoholics with continuous drinking more frequently as a result of the facts of alcoholism are alcoholic polinuropatiju, in most cases, are divorced, live alone and have no children. They grew up with a father or both parents, in these alcoholics no existence, depending on the family or the father has, have trouble with the law as well as injuries in a drunken state. The higher percentage have komoriditet with depressive disorders.
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Gorwood, P., P. Batel, L. Gouya, F. Courtois, J. Feingold y J. Adès. "Reappraisal of the association between the DRD2 gene, alcoholism and addiction". European Psychiatry 15, n.º 2 (marzo de 2000): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00207-8.
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SummaryWe analysed the impact of the TaqI A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene on the risk for alcoholism, trying to depict three explanations frequently proposed to explain discrepancies in association and linkage studies: that the A1 allele may act as a marker rather than as a vulnerability factor, that stratification biases and unevaluated controls may explain positive results, and that the A1 allele is modifying the phenotype rather than increasing the risk for alcoholism. We thus tested another (dinucleotide STRP) marker within the DRD2 gene, selected a new homogenous sample of 113 alcoholic patients and 49 unaffected controls strictly matched for ethnic origins, and systematically assessed both samples with a semi-structured interview to detect (in both samples) alcohol dependence, but also such related traits as specificities of complications.The frequency of the A1 allele was not significantly different between alcoholics and controls but when comparing different subgroups of alcoholics, the A1 allele was significantly more frequent in alcoholic patients with somatic complications (OR = 3.00, CI[1.37-6.62]), social and professional complications (OR = 2.72, CI[1.25-5.90]), or with co-morbid dependence (OR = 2.88, 95% IC [1.16-7.15]). The association for co-morbid dependence and somatic complications was also positive when taking into consideration both STRP and TaqIA polymorphisms.The A1 allele does not increase the risk for alcoholism per se in our sample, but may be involved in a related trait which is partially dependent on the diagnosis of alcoholism, through a disequilibrium with another close mutation.
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Amadéo, S., E. P. Noble, M. L. Fourcade-Amadéo, C. Tetaria, M. F. Brugiroux, L. Nicolas, X. Deparis et al. "Association of D2 dopamine receptor and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genes with Polynesian alcoholics". European Psychiatry 15, n.º 2 (marzo de 2000): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00206-6.
Texto completoResumen
SummaryAlleles of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) and the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) genes were determined in 69 French Polynesian alcoholic patients and 57 controls matched for racial origin. Three racial groups were studied: pure Polynesians (PP), Polynesians mixed with Caucasian (PCA) ancestry and Polynesians mixed with Chinese (PCH) ancestry. DRD2 A1 allele frequencies in the alcoholics compared to their controls in these groups were: PP,.26 vs .32 (P = .69); PCA, .44 vs .35 (P = .46); PCH, .40 vs 0.39 (P = .88). ADH2 1 allele frequencies in alcoholics compared to their controls groups were: PP, .56 vs .62 (P = .66); PCA, .75 vs .56 (P = .09); PCH, .78 vs .32 (P = .009). In the PCA group, the combination of the DRD2 A1 genotypes and the ADH2 1 homozygotes was strongly associated with alcoholism (P = .0027). This preliminary study shows the importance of ascertaining racial ancestry in molecular genetic association studies. Moreover, it suggests that a combination of genes are involved in susceptibility to the development of alcoholism.
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Mullan, M. J., H. M. D. Gurling, B. E. Oppenheim y R. M. Murray. "The Relationship between Alcoholism and Neurosis:". British Journal of Psychiatry 148, n.º 4 (abril de 1986): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.4.435.
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The twin register of the Maudsley Hospital was used to select a series of monozygotic (MZ) and same-sexed dizygotic (DZ) twins who had been given an ICD8 diagnosis related to alcoholism. They and their co-twins were traced. Medical and drinking histories were compiled (from records and by interview) for 56 twin-pairs, to permit current and retrospective diagnosis of any neurotic disorders. RDC diagnoses of panic disorder generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder and phobias were more common in the alcoholic probands and the co-twins who were also alcoholics than in the normal-drinking co-twins. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) were completed by 54 individuals. Neuroticism scores were significantly higher for both male and female alcoholics than for their normal-drinking co-twins; and intra-pair differences in neuroticism were significantly correlated with intra-pair differences in severity of dependence. These results suggest that both clinically diagnosed neurotic illness and high neuroticism scores are more often a consequence than a cause of alcoholism.
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McNamara, Patrick, Dana Blum, Karen O'Quin y Steven Schachter. "Markers of Cerebral Lateralization and Alcoholism". Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, n.º 3_suppl (diciembre de 1994): 1435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1435.
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We assessed markers of anomalous cerebral dominance in 70 problem drinkers at risk for alcoholism, 43 alcoholics who had been sober for at least six months, and 311 healthy control subjects age-matched to the problem drinkers. Markers of anomalous cerebral dominance included left-handedness, learning disabilities, neuro-immune disorders, and special cognitive talents. We also administered a “drinking inventory” to assess frequency and severity of drinking patterns for self and family. Analysis showed elevated rates of left-handedness and learning disabilities in the alcoholic group and in the “at risk” problem drinkers. These same subjects rated themselves and their families as relatively poor at left-hemisphere-mediated cognitive talents. Alcoholic women evidenced significantly greater incidence of immune disorders than alcoholic men. Alcoholism appears to be related to biological factors which have been associated with anomalous cerebral dominance.