Tesis sobre el tema "Agriculture des zones humides"
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Sajaloli, Bertrand. "Les zones humides du Laonnois (Aisne, France) : fonctionnement, usages, gestion". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010531.
Texto completoThe Souche and Cessieres-Montbavin marsh areas (3,000 hectares and 300 hectares respectively) characteristic of the laonnois wetlands in the Aisne departement of France consist of acidic peat bog and alkaline fens, particularly rich in flora and fauna. Forming part of a region which has long been exploited by human society, they are now threatened by abandonment or destruction. They may be studied by an overall geographic approach focussing on the subject of water. This approach examines the physical factors underlying hydrological and ecological systems in permanent relation with the forms and intensity of the human impact to which they have been subject over many centuries. In areas where the physical constraints have been substantial, such a dual approach demonstrates that the present functioning and dynamism of wetlands depends mainly on the uses to which they have been put historically. Human society is thus found to have played a decisive role in the bringing about the diversity of marshy areas in the french plains and low tablelands. These areas have often wrongly been considered to be remnants of true nature. Such an overall approach also points the way to a better management of these wetlands. This has become more urgent considering their current deterioration. The solution lies in adapting the needs of society's various components to the preservation of a rich and diversified ecological system
Courchesne, Geneviève. "Déterminants de la végétation des milieux humides aménagés pour la sauvagine dans le Québec méridional". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29005/29005.pdf.
Texto completoCiliberti, Alexandre. "Le Varan du Nil (Varanus niloticus), indicateur de la pollution des zones humides d'Afrique Sub-Saharienne". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861862.
Texto completoClauzel, Céline. "Dynamiques de l'occupation du sol et mutations des usages dans les zones humides urbaines : étude comparée des hortillonnages d'Amiens (France) et des chinampas de Xochimilco (Mexique)". Paris 4, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351695.
Texto completoThis study proposes to identify, characterize and compare the recent changes in land using upon two urban wetlands : hortillonnages of Amiens (France) and chinampas of Xochimilco (Mexico). Established along the Middle Ages for agriculture, these areas were subjected to major changes in their functions and in their uses during the second half of the XXth century. Today, they are the support of numerous activities which are sometimes conflicting. Over the past decade, both sites, through their unique landscape, also became inherited common properties and tourist places. However surrounded by fast growing town, they are subjected to urban pressure which can jeopardize space and environment. These recent transformations can be evaluated by diachronic analysis of pictures and also with statistical and onsite datas. These are basics for a proposed guideline in order to answer every question regarding with spatial management keeping in mind that this proposed guideline has to be suitable with each expectation from the stakeholders
D'Astous, Amélie. "Approches par communautés et par traits pour l’évaluation du succès de restauration d’une tourbière". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28846/28846.pdf.
Texto completoThis study is about the long term evaluation of the vegetation of Bois-des-Bel peatland, restored by the “moss layer transfer” technique. The communities approach showed different vegetation structure and composition for the reference ecosystem, the non-restored section and the nine years old restored section. However, the restored section had higher abundances of 1) Sphagnum mosses which increased its dissimilarity from the non restored section and of 2) herbaceous species which increased the difference with the reference ecosystem. Traits of herbaceous species found ten years after restoration were different and more uniform than those found in the reference ecosystem, but they seemed to converge toward the latter. For herbaceous species, the former ditches of the restored section had higher traits functional diversity than peat fields ten years after restoration. Thus, the creation of shallow or deep ponds could increase diversity of the restored site.
Dehédin, Arnaud. "Changements globaux et assèchement des zones humides fluviales : conséquences sur les processus biogéochimiques et les communautés d'invertébrés". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976026.
Texto completoPulou, Jérémy. "Les anciennes cressonnières de l'Essonne : Effets de la recolonisation des zones humides artificielles sur la dynamique de l'azote". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0078.
Texto completoRiver Essonne is quantitatively and qualitatively influenced by groundwater. Nitrate concentrations of this groundwater are high and are still increasing, threatening the quality of the watercourse. In the past, watercress farms (artificial wetlands where watercress [Nasturtium officinale R. Br.] is cultivated) were numerous between this groundwater and the river, but they are nowadays massively abandoned. These wetlands potentially play the role of buffer zones, and could contribute to maintain the quality of surface water with respect to nitrate. This study aims to assess nitrate mitigation in watercress farms, but also the changes occurring in these wetlands after watercress cropping has been abandoned and their consequences on nitrate removal. This work is based upon the study of an experimental site (Maisse, France) including several stages of abandon, and on laboratory experiments (bioreactors). Macrophytes succession after the abandonment of watercress farms has been assessed at the experimental site and in 14 other abandoned sites of the Essonne valley. After the abandonment of the crop, watercress do not maintain in the beds. The wetlands progressively evolve towards a terrestrial ecosystem, being successively colonized by pioneer or invasives hydrophytes (Lemna minuta Kunth.) and by pioneer helophytes (Epilobium hirsutum L., Typha latifolia L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.). To finish with, the vegetation consists in reed beds, with the appearance of shrubby and woody species (Salix sp) which seems to indicate an evolution towards an alluvial forest. Nitrates were partially removed from the water between the inflow and the outflow of our experimental site. Cultivated beds were the most efficient with a mean removal rate of 1770 mg NO3-/m²/day during this 3-years survey. In comparison, abandoned beds exhibited lower removal rates ranging from 550 to 750 mg/m²/day. In spite of these rates, the effects on nitrate concentrations in water were limited (approximately 44 mg/L at the inflow and 42 mg/L at the outflow), because the residence times were short. Nitrate removal rates varied seasonally, and were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The amplitude of these variations was higher in cultivated beds than in abandoned beds. The estimate of nitrate uptake by macrophytes revealed that denitrification could account for 70 to 85% of nitrate removal. Measurement of potential denitrification in bioreactors showed that organic carbon availability limited denitrification in watercress farm sediments. Watercress is a readily available source of carbon, in contrast with helophytes which dominate abandoned beds such as Phragmites australis.The effects of nitrate mitigation in watercress farms on nitrate concentrations in the river Essonne are very limited, but can be improved with the management of carbon sources and hydraulic residence time in these wetlands
Clauzel, Celine. "Dynamiques de l'occupation du sol et mutations des usages dans les zones humides urbaines. Étude comparée des hortillonnages d'Amiens (France) et des chinampas de Xochimilco (Mexique)". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351695.
Texto completoPulou, Jérémy. "Les anciennes cressonnières de l'Essonne : Effets de la recolonisation des zones humides artificielles sur la dynamique de l'azote". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00910075.
Texto completoJaffrézic, Anne. "Géochimie des Eléments Métalliques, des Nitrates et du Carbone Organique Dissous dans les Eaux et les Sols Hydromorphes. Agriculture Intensive et Qualité des Eaux dans les Zones Humides en Bretagne". Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653504.
Texto completoJaffrezic, Anne. "Geochimie des elements metalliques, des nitrates et du carbone organique dissous dans les eaux et les sols hydromorphes agriculture intensive et qualite des eaux dans les zones humides en bretagne". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NSARD022.
Texto completoJaffrezic, Anne. "Géochimie des éléments métalliques, des nitrates et du carbone organique dissous dans les eaux et les sols hydromorphes : agriculture intensive et qualité des eaux dans les zones humides en Bretagne /". Rennes : Géosciences Rennes, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36176164s.
Texto completoPouliot, Rémy. "Les effets fertilisants de la grande oie des neiges sur la dynamique des milieux humides de l'île Bylot, Nunavut : impact du tapis de bryophytes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23589/23589.pdf.
Texto completoProductivities, decomposition rates and nutrient turnovers are low in polygon fens of Bylot Island. The Greater snow geese population could modify these parameters since goose faeces contain nutrients that are easily uptaken. However, it is important to consider the moss carpet. This study showed that mosses play an important role on the polygon fen dynamic by sequestrating the nutrients added by goose faeces. Grazed plants were able to uptake nutrients only when the mosses are saturated and consequently, when nutrients reach their roots. The decomposition rates and the turnover of nutrients were not affected by nutrient additions. In addition, in the short-term, it seems that fertilizing effect of geese was visible only on moss growth. As a secondary result, this study showed that innate marker method is the most appropriate to estimate moss primary production in arctic wetlands.
Gruyer, Nicolas. "Traitement biologique des effluents de serre par des marais filtrants artificiels et des bioréacteurs passifs". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28986/28986.pdf.
Texto completoDeRoode, Alexander. "Appropriate agroforestry technologies and extension and their potential to increase the ecological sustainability of swidden-fallow agricultural systems in the sub-humid tropical lowland, dry forest zones of Panama". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18770.
Texto completoLes systèmes d'agriculture itinérante (des formes de systèmes d'agriculture sur brûlis) ont été étudiés intensément par des chercheurs et chercheuses provenant de nombreuses disciplines dans les dernières 75 années. L'agriculture itinérante est un système d'agriculture traditionnel utilisé en tant que méthode de production majeure par de millions d'agriculteurs de subsistance à travers les tropiques humides. L'agriculture itinérante se pratique sous de nombreuses formes et est un système agricole extrêmement complexe ayant des composants interdépendants nécessitants une analyse à échelles multiples. A l'échelle locale de village, ces composants incluent les technologies et pratiques de l'agriculture itinérante, la dotation des ressources naturelles (incluant la disponibilité de terrains agricoles et la fertilité des sols), la disponibilité de main d'œuvre ou de travailleurs, ainsi que de nombreuses autres considérations socio-économiques, environnementales, et culturelles. Ce mémoire de maîtrise traite sur les technologies agroforestières appropriées ainsi que sur l'extension agricole appropriée, et leurs potentielles pour accroître la durabilité écologique des systèmes d'agriculture itinérante dans les zones forestières sèches des plaines basses des tropiques humides du Panama. San Jose, un village situé dans la province Panaméenne du Veraguas et comptant 123 habitants ayant comme stratégie de subsistance majeure l'agriculture itinérante, est décrit en détail, ainsi que le sont les systèmes agricoles pratiqués par ces habitants. Des approches visant l'amélioration de la performance des systèmes d'agriculture itinérante tel que le système utilisé par les habitants de San Jose ainsi que l'accroissement de la durabilité de ces systèmes-ci, sont aussi abordées dans ce travail. Une évaluation basée sur de nombreux critères est aussi menée sur un programme d'extension agricole (PROCESO) implémenté à Sa
Lévesque, Vicky. "Potentiel des marais filtrants à traiter les effluents de serre issus d'une culture de tomate". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28453/28453.pdf.
Texto completoHouet, Thomas. "Occupation des sols et gestion de l'eau : modélisation prospective en paysage agricole fragmenté (Application au SAGE du Blavet)". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389835.
Texto completoL'objectif de ce travail est de produire une démarche méthodologique générique pour élaborer des scénarios prospectifs spatialisés. Fondée sur la méthode des scénarios en prospective, cette démarche se nourrit des apports méthodologiques utilisés en modélisation de systèmes complexes afin d'apporter une dimension spatiale aux scénarios prospectifs. Articulée avec le volet prospectif du SAGE du bassin versant du Blavet (2000 km²), cette démarche a été appliquée à trois petits sous bassins versants représentatifs de la diversité des paysages agricoles bocagers rencontrés. Elle s'organise en quatre phases. La première phase vise à construire « la base » des scénarios. La deuxième phase consiste à construire des scénarios prospectifs pertinents pour éclairer les futurs possibles du territoire étudié. La troisième phase constitue la phase de spatialisation des scénarios. Suivant le type de scénarios (exploratoire ou normatif), la méthode diffère : une plateforme de modélisation dynamique et spatialement explicite (L1) a été utilisée et optimisée dans le cas des scénarios exploratoires ; un SIG a servi pour élaborer les scénarios normatifs. Enfin, la dernière phase consiste à évaluer les scénarios prospectifs spatialisés, leurs impacts sur les ressources en eau et leurs apports pour les gestionnaires et les acteurs locaux.
Les scénarios exploratoires produits ont permis de quantifier et de localiser les influences possibles de la nouvelle réforme de la PAC appliquée en 2006, de l'agrandissement des exploitations agricoles sur l'évolution des modes d'usages des sols et également l'influence des changements de la structure spatiale du parcellaire sur les transferts de flux. Les scénarios normatifs ont permis d'identifier les enjeux de gestion de l'eau entre acteurs locaux et gestionnaires. Au final, la localisation de zones à risque vis-à-vis des ressources en eau et l'identification de leviers d'actions (synergies locales, maîtrise du foncier) confèrent aux scénarios prospectifs un rôle d'outil d'aide à la décision pour les gestionnaires de l'eau et les acteurs locaux.
Raimond, Christine. "Terres inondées et sorgho repiqué : évolution des espaces agricoles et pastoraux dans le bassin du lac Tchad". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010536.
Texto completoIn the chad basin, the spectacular expansion of transplanted sorghum at the end of the rainy season has deeply modified land use patterns and landscape structures. Simultaneously, mutations occurred in agrarian systems and land management have led to various development perspectives, for sedentary people as much as for transhumant populations. Actually, the multiple uses of space by different social groups produces the fitting of various spaces together, which means in fact the meeting and the overlay of both agricultural and pastoral spaces. In the chad Arabian context, the absence of conflict is explained by the use of crops residuals by droves. But this situation can evolve from the emergence of landownership market
Le, Corre Laurent. "Le traitement juridique des zones humides estuariennes". Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT4017.
Texto completoLaskowski-Fauvet, Natacha. "Approche bioéconomique et gestion intégrée des zones humides". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0074/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at improving the management of wetlands and associated goods/services.By integrating multidisciplinary knowledge to management models, we study the economyas a tool that served Human and Nature. We propose to improve wetlands management bycombining an economic approach to a biological approach in order to express the complexityof these environments in economic models. To do so, this thesis is based on the study ofecosystem services provided by wetlands, which are the functions of habitat, production andregulation. Habitat function is studied through the issue of wetlands accessibility in theGironde estuary by migratory fish species. The production function, closely linked to habitatfunction, is studied through a theoretical model of shared wetland between fish productionand agricultural production. Finally, we address the regulation function by integrating thisfunction in a program of incentives to reduce emissions of agricultural pollutants and restorewetlands
Chanteloup, Pierre. "Patrons d'organisation des traits aériens et racinaires en prairies humides : liens avec la production primaire (quantité et qualité)". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861449.
Texto completoMarchand, Lilian. "Phytoremédiation en zones humides construites d'eaux contaminées au cuivre". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14691/document.
Texto completoThis work aims at characterizing environmental compartments (i.e. water, soil and soil pore water, substrate, macrophytes at the individual and community scale) and their functioning to in fine improve the effectiveness of constructed wetlands (CW) for cleaning Cu-contaminated waters. Knowledge on the homeostasis of Cu in plants and its phytotoxicity at medium and high exposures are summarized. The main physico-chemical and biological mechanisms involved in the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated water in CW are discussed. Several aided-phytostabilisation options were in situ evaluated in lysimeters at a Cu-contaminated wood preservation site to assess the potential of four amendments to sorb Cu in a CW substrate. Concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE, including Cu) and macronutrients of leachates migrating from the root zone to the aquifers were quantified. Based on the responses of Lemna minor L. used as a bioindicator, exposed to the leachates,.Linz-Donawitz slag spiked with P (LDS, 1%) best performed to sorb labile Cu in the root zone. In parallel, macrophyte communities were monitored along the Jalle Eysines River, an urban river slightly contaminated by Cu and other PTTE. The PTTE concentrations were determined in the soil, water, soil pore water, and in the leaves of seven macrophyte species. A multivariate statistical model was developed based on the foliar PTTE concentrations for biomonitoring macrophyte exposures. Populations of macrophytes were also collected in wetlands displaying an increasing Cu contamination in Europe (France, Spain, Portugal, and Italy), Belarus and Australia. Root production of macrophytes exposed for 3 weeks at increasing Cu concentrations (0.08, 2.5, 5, 15 and 25 µM Cu) shows an intra-specific variability of Cu tolerance in populations of Juncus effusus, Schoenoplectus lacustris and Phalaris arundinacea. In contrast, a similar response to constitutive tolerance occurred for Typha latifolia and Iris pseudacorus, two species with high production of rhizomes. The rhizome influence is discussed. Phragmites australis also produces rhizomes but showed intra-specific variability in response to Cu exposure. In a CW at mesocosm scale (110 dm3), up to 99% of Cu in water (initial concentration: 2.5μM Cu) was removed after 2 weeks in the three modalities planted with Juncus articulatus, P. arundinacea and P. australis, and in the unplanted control. The influences of microbial biofilms, the substrate, and the macrophyte species and their interactions in CW are discussed. The selection of PTTE-tolerant macrophytes for their used in CW and the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the intra-specific variability in PTTE- tolerance, i.e for P. australis, require further investigations
Ringeval, Bruno. "Interactions entre climat et émissions de méthane par les zones humides à l'échelle globale". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066397.
Texto completoBarnaud, Geneviève. "Conservation des zones humides : concepts et methodes appliques a leur caracterisation". Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10188.
Texto completoBarnaud, Geneviève. "Conservation des zones humides : concepts et méthodes appliqués à leur caractérisation /". Paris : MNHN, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367048028.
Texto completoLeclère, Anne-Sophie. "Contribution à l'observatoire national des zones humides : Apport de la télédétection et des systèmes d'information géographique a l'identification, a la caractérisation et au suivi des zones humides". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MNHN0019.
Texto completoClément, Jean-Christophe. "Les zones humidesde fonds de vallée et la régulation des pollutions azotées diffusées". Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10018.
Texto completoChadenas, Céline. "L'homme et l'oiseau sur les littoraux d'Europe occidentale /". Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412374471.
Texto completoAmalric, Marion. "Les zones humides : appropriations et représentations : l'exemple du Nord-Pas de Calais". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012148.
Texto completoBrochet, Anne-Laure. "Conséquences des déplacements des canards pour la dispersion des graines, des invertébrés et des parasites". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20150.
Texto completoThe role of waterbirds in aquatic organism dispersal between wetlands has long been recognized. These birds are indeed abundant, widely distributed across wetlands and highly mobile at local and continental scales. We studied the consequences of duck movements for seed, invertebrate and parasite dispersal at the scale of a wintering quarter (the Camargue) and of a continent (Europe), and we quantified these dispersal events. For seed transport by teal (Anas crecca), for example, we experimentally showed that an average of 27% of ingested seeds are later collected while still being viable in the faeces. In the field, we observed 9 and 6% of teal to carry at least one viable propagule internally or externally, respectively. Although the likelihood for one bird to disperse one propagule at a given point in time is low, such probabilities potentially get important when considering the hundreds of thousands of ducks which move daily between wetlands. This therefore suggests that ducks do play an important role in the dispersal of many aquatic organisms and parasites. In the current context of habitat fragmentation, climate change and invasive introduced species, taking dispersal into account becomes an issue of great importance for management and habitat conservation
Degorce, Jean-Noël. "Les milieux humides dans la Loire". Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET2014.
Texto completoThis research undertakes, on the scale of the departement of Loire, a list of eleven typical forms of continental wetlands. The geographical purpose is based on the measurement of shapes, places and stretches. This makes a previous to the survey of environment. This review fits into a space-time scale complex from which three soils can be distinguished. First, the mountain terrace ecosystems (springs and peat-bogs) are generated in a snowy and rainy context. Forez and Roannais plains include a great number of marshy lands : wet meadows, pools and ponds. The extensive research upon theses latest forms describe an improved system of water planning, closely linked with the evolvement of the country life. At least, the bank of the river Loire conceals many ox-bows and gravel extractions, as two impounded lakes which belong to the global planning policy of the Loire basin. The last part of this study points out the main characteristics of wetland planning draining, collecting and impounding water. Theses means imply three water entities, the space of water (marshes, peat-bogs and water spaces), water as a support of activities, and water as a bearing. On a long term, the recurrent survey of means of management tends to show that the marginalisation of theses ecosystems, characterized by drainage attempts, is not quite mastered
Johansson, Elisabeth. "Constructed wetlands and deconstructed discourses : greenhouse gas fluxes and discourses on purifying capacities /". Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/arts253s.pdf.
Texto completoGille, Julian. "Suivi et modélisation des flux dans un marais maritime : essais et tentative d'application sur la partie nord du marais breton". Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3025.
Texto completoPueyo-Ros, Josep. "Identificació, interpretació i valorització turística de les zones humides litorals del Baix Ter". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664167.
Texto completoEl principal objectiu de la tesi és analitzar les relacions entre el turisme de masses existent al Baix Ter i les zones humides litorals, per conèixer si aquestes poden esdevenir un recurs turístic alternatiu a la platja i, per tant, aportar arguments per a la seva conservació. La tesi parteix d’una identificació de totes les zones humides existents a l’àrea per llavors centrar-se en tres zones humides litorals: les Basses del Ter Vell, la Pletera i les Basses d’en Coll. Finalment, la tesi fa un nou zoom per analitzar el projecte de restauració ecològica de la Pletera. La principal conclusió és que les zones humides fan la funció de pati del darrere dels nuclis turístics però que amb una correcte gestió i promoció poden esdevenir recursos turístics capaços de modificar el perfil dels turistes que arriben a la destinació.
Dahome, Di Ruggiero Michelle. "Evolution, exploitation et amenagement des zones humides littorales dans les petites Antilles Françaises". Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0240.
Texto completoThe humid coastal zones (mangroves swamps, marshy forest, marsh meadow) of Guadeloupe and Martinique. Subjects to anthropic pressures, are they ln danger? The traditionals activities detremine a phytologic spatio-temporal dynamic of environment ensuring a newbalance to the system. With the analysis of aerial photographies, field-cheeking, a bibliographie synthesis permitted a typography based on the nature of the back mangrove swamp and a cartography of the spatial evolution of these zones of 1950 to 2004. Ali the diminishedprocesses are seen near urbaniazed areas. The counting ob of biological and physical indicators of the anthropisation convey thecharacteristics of traditionals uses differently applied in the 2 islands. The estimate of the anthropic pressure show the vulnerability of the forests near urbanized zones or roads and meadows and marshes. Surveys conducted in the field define the population of users and the social determinism of the uses. The study of popular regional events 'crab feast, shooting) gives the resources value of these habitats anexplains the economic of humid littoral of uses. These 2 determinisms pose the problem of the Iimiting utllizations of zhl. If the protectionsystem ot these 2 islands is identical (national or intemationallaws) but the management implemented in each of them is different. In Guadeloupe, it's necessary to propose concerted actions between ail actors of zhl for an better integrated
DAVID, SEVERINE. "Analyses descriptives et fonctionnelles comparees de zones humides riveraines de lac et d'estuaire". Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10140.
Texto completoMathevet, Raphaël. "Usages des zones humides camarguaises : enjeux et dynamique des interactions environnement-usagers-territoire". Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31012.
Texto completoOchoa-Salazar, Brenda-Xiomara. "Etude conjuguée géochimique/hydrologique des relations nappe-rivière dans une zone humide : cas de la zone humide alluviale de Monbéqui, France". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/468/.
Texto completoThis study combined analysis of terrain and analysis of laboratory to identifier the characteristics of waters the wetland zone and the processes that originate this characteristics. The Monbequi wetland zone studying (25 h) localize à 50 km of Toulouse, is a complex area, place of take river waters mass and groundwater(s) input additional (agricultural fertilizer, domestics discharge) and zone where take place many reactions biologics. This approach was used the multi-compounds analysis, in the mixing diagrams. The analysis of conservatives elements (18O/16O, Cl-, Na+ y Ca2+) permit identifying three waters mass: Garonne river water and two different groundwater. The analysis of concentrations of elements non-conservatives (COD, NO3-, DO, Mn, Fe) associate of biogeochemical reactions of organic matter relative to concentrations of the simple mixing waters mass permit to identify and quantify the excess and deficits of compounds, and to definer spatially of zones with the excess and deficits of this compounds with characteristics different. These zones are associated to different evolutions conditions, for oxidation of organic matter of origin distinct. Two flux of organic matter of origin distinct are identified: one flux of organic matter contribution for the Garonne River and that oxidizes after entering in contact with aquifer of the wetland zone, take place the reactions that showed the spatial areas of deficits in COD, NO3-, DO, and excess in Mn and Fe at long of gravel banks Garonne River toward interior of wetland zone. On the other hand we have one flux of the organic matter from the surface of wetland zone; it is the origin of the excess general in the carbonates of waters. This flux is estimated ten times higher that the flux of organic matter in contact Garonne River-Aquifer. The evolution of oxidized in the organic matter take place at the zones with deficits in nitrates, showed respectively by the processes of denitrification and nitrification. .
Shallari, Anila. "Les zones humides d'Albanie : transmission des normes internationales et européennes en matière environnementale en Albanie et dans les Balkans occidentaux. Le cas de cinq zones humides : Shkodra, Karavasta, Narta, Butrinti et Prespa". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967139.
Texto completoPatria, Lucie. "Dégradation de quelques herbicides dans un système eau/sédiments extrait des zones agricoles humides". Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2275.
Texto completoRegimbeau, Catherine. "Typologies et fonctionnement de zones humides de fonds de vallée en Ille-et-Vilaine (Bretagne)". Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10188.
Texto completoDe, Wilde Mélissa. "Conséquences des exondations pour les communautés végétales aquatiques et le fonctionnement des zones humides fluviales". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10275/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis was to measure how changes in hydrological regimes, particularly dewatering govern 1) aspects of the functioning of wetlands, 2) the organization and short-term dynamics of aquatic plant communities and 3 ) survival and plastic response of aquatic plants. This thesis addresses issues at different spatial and temporal scales. First, at the decade scale, I measured the effect of water-level decreases in riverine wetlands on their physico-chemistry characteristics. Second, at the season scale, I measured the influence of sedimentary characteristics of wetlands on short-term response of plant communities to dewatering. Finally, at the scale of a few weeks, I was interested in the ability of aquatic angiosperm species to develop a plastic adjustment to dewatering, in experimental laboratory conditions and in situ, and I looked determinism of this response (ecological, morphological, phylogenetic). In terms of physico-chemical characteristics of surface waters, the 15- year study of the dynamics of riverine wetlands undergoing dewatering, not reached, as is usually described in the literature, with an increase of water body nutrient contents, but rather changes suggesting variations of the hydrogeological functioning of wetlands in favor of a greater influence of the hillslope groundwater table in their water supply. In situ response of plant communities to dewatering differs according to sediment type. Both, resistance and resilience of communities decrease with the sediment water retention capacity. The ability of aquatic plants to tolerate dewatering, in experimental conditions, seems to differ according to their phylogenetic position, but not according to their growth form (rosettes or caulescentes). Species tolerating dewatering show phenotypic adjustments such as denser aerial organs and high plasticity of the leaves, which may explain the maintenance of a similar growth rate in terrestrial and aquatic conditions in these species
Vallée, Romain. "Efficacité de zones tampons humides à réduire les teneurs en pesticides des eaux de drainage". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0069/document.
Texto completoIn Lorraine, the drainage of clay soils contributes to transfer of agricultural inputs (pesticides and fertilizers) towards surface waters. In this case, the regulatory grass strips (CAP regulation) installed along rivers are bypassed and no longer effective in purifying surface water. Thus, constructed wetlands (CWs) are recommended to take over grass cover bands. Generally, these CWs are installed at watershed scale or at that of several plots and they are therefore quite huge, making them competitive in the cultivated land. The objective of this project is to assess the effectiveness of two small CW, installed in the grass cover band between the drained plot and the river. For this, a multi-scale approach was set up integrating laboratory experiments in batch, pilot study taking into account the water dynamics and monitoring at field scale. The effectiveness of CW was assessed during the 2012/13 and 2013/14 drainage seasons. The nitrate and 79 pesticides concentrations were monitored at inlet and outlet of CWs and in various substrates (soils, sediment, straw and plants). For both devices, the removal efficiencies measured for nitrate were stable and ranged from 5.4 to 10.9 % of inlet amounts while the reduction of pesticide flows was very variable, ranging from -618.5 to 100 %. This variability was explained by four distinct behaviors. The high negative efficiency values were attributed to neighboured runoff events after heavy rains, for soluble molecules such as 2,4-MCPA or isoproturon. For both molecules, the sorption study showed low affinity for environmental substrates, facilitating their transport by runoff and drainage water. Other molecules such as boscalid or OH-atrazine showed effectiveness close to 0 %. For boscalid, this behavior has been observed in laboratory sorption and pilots studies, in agreement with its strong adsorption and desorption capacities. Finally, some molecules have shown reductions ranging from 9.9 to 100 %, in agreement with their low persistence (2,4-MCPA, clopyralid, mesosulfuron-methyl, ...) or their high affinity for environmental substrates (diflufenican, propiconazole or propyzamide). These small CWs, located in the grass cover bands, are effective in minimizing the contamination of surface waters by agricultural drainage water. Thus, multiplying the number of these devices at the plot scale in the agricultural landscape would reduce the contamination of surface waters by pesticides and nitrates while preserving the cultivated land. However, the effectiveness of these CWs are limited for pesticides with a low Koc and a long DT50; thus their installation in plot must not call into question the reduction in the use of pesticides
Vittecoq, Marion. "Maladies infectieuses émergentes au sein des zones humides méditerranéennes dans le contexte des changements globaux". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20269/document.
Texto completoDuring the last decades, the emergence of numerous infectious diseases such as SARS and AIDS has raised awareness of the close links that exist between animal health, human health and ecosystem health. Many of the emerging pathogens have a zoonotic origin (i.e. they originally circulated among animal populations). The health risks associated with the emergence of these diseases are progressing under the influence of global changes that affect ecosystems and contacts between hosts. The prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases require an in-depth understanding of their dynamics in all the compartments in which they occur. The aim of the present work is to improve our understanding of these phenomena within the context of Mediterranean wetlands by focusing on two emerging pathogens: Influenza A viruses (IAV) and West Nile virus. The thesis is structured around three research axes i) Using epidemiological surveillance of wild birds to investigate the circulation of West Nile virus in the Mediterranean Basin ii) Exploring IAV dynamics in the different compartments in which they circulate and at their interface iii) Determining the role of environmental conditions in IAV dynamics, especially within human populations. Our results highlight the value of long-term interdisciplinary studies for the understanding of the epidemiology of emerging diseases. They also emphasize the role of human activities and environmental conditions in the dynamics of these diseases. Our studies open up perspectives for combining emerging disease risk management and the management of ecosystems and populations. They also argue in favour of further developing this type of approach in order to meet the challenge of emerging pathogen prevention and control
Ayadi-Hajji, Habiba. "Outils de gestion de la pollution phytosanitaire diffuse au niveau d'un territoire : cas d'application zone humide Ramsar de la Merja Zerga au Maroc". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978747.
Texto completoRomagosa, Casals Francesc. "Els aiguamolls de l'Empordà: un paisatge en transformació". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4972.
Texto completoEl treball caracteritza i defineix les zones humides a nivell global, així com n'analitza les funcions i valors ambientals, territorials i socials que aquestes duen a terme. Es descriu l'evolució patida en la percepció humana de les zones humides, és a dir, el camí que hi ha hagut entre la repulsió i la protecció d'aquests espais. Aquest procés s'exemplifica de forma detallada amb el cas de les zones humides espanyoles. També s'analitzen diferents experiències de gestió de zones humides.
En relació als aiguamolls de l'Empordà, es realitza una caracterització física del territori d'estudi, descrivint a mode d'inventari exhaustiu totes les zones humides de la plana litoral empordanesa. Es realitza un estudi de l'evolució històrica experimentada pels aiguamolls de l'Empordà, parant especial atenció al procés històric de dessecació d'estanys i aiguamolls, mitjançant l'ús de documentació i cartografia antiga, tot analitzant les causes i les conseqüències d'aquestes transformacions, tant a nivell físic de paisatge, com a nivell humà quant a usos i percepcions. La darrera part de la tesi versa sobre la gestió territorial i socioambiental recent als aiguamolls empordanesos. En aquest sentit, es descriu el procés de protecció de les zones humides empordaneses, distingint el procés dut a terme a l'Alt Empordà, que va culminar amb la creació del Parc Natural dels Aiguamolls de l'Empordà (del qual se'n fa una anàlisi de la seva gestió territorial i ambiental endegada des de la seva creació el 1983 fins a l'actualitat), del procés dut a terme al Baix Empordà, que també ha portat a la protecció dels seus aiguamolls, però amb un procés ben diferent al de l'Alt Empordà.
The main objective of this Doctoral Thesis is the study, from a geographical perspective, of the Empordà wetlands. It is intended to analyse and comprehend the relationship between the different societies that have lived in the region and their environment, at a historical level but also in the recent period with the uses and management strategies that are made, with the objective of obtaining a full understanding of this issue. The analysis of the water landscape transformation, specifically in the case of the Empordà region, becomes the central theme of this research.
The work characterizes and defines the wetlands at a global level, in the same way that it analyses the environmental, territorial and social functions and values that they carry out. The evolution experienced in the human perception of the wetlands; that is, from rejection of them to their protection is also described. This process is exemplified in depth with the case of the Spanish wetlands. Furthermore, different wetland management strategies are analysed.
As far as the Empordà wetlands are concerned, a physical characterization of the study area is presented by describing, in the form of an exhaustive inventory, all the Empordà coastal plain wetlands. By means of ancient cartography and documents, the historical evolution of the Empordà wetlands has been studied, emphasizing the historical process of wetland drainage. The causes and consequences of those transformations are also analysed, from the physical point of view -at the landscape level- and from the human point of view -at the uses and perceptions levels-. The last part of the Thesis is devoted to the recent territorial and socioenvironmental management strategies in the Empordà wetlands. In this sense, the wetland protection process is described, distinguishing two processes. On the one hand, the process experienced in the Alt Empordà region, which culminated in the creation of the Aiguamolls de l'Empordà Natural Park in 1983 (from which an analysis of its territorial and environmental management from its creation until the present day is carried out). On the other hand, the process experienced in the Baix Empordà region, which also brought about the protection of its wetlands, despite following a quite different process from the one experienced in the Alt Empordà region.
Ridder, Jo De. "Réponse des processus biochimiques d’une tourbière soumise à des fluctuations du niveau d’eau". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S145.
Texto completoWetlands are recognized to play an important role in regulating global biogeochemical cycles. Actually they serve as sinks, sources and transformers of nutrients. They are very sensitive to changes in hydrology that may be brought about by climate or anthropogenic pressures. Negative impacts affect both the physical structure of the peat and the water quality. The work presented here applies an interdisciplinary approach by combining hydrology, geophysics, hydrochemistry, biology and numerical modelisation. The investigated site is a peatland meadow located in Normandy, NW France. Are presented : 1) a hydrological study including the impact of increasing water extraction in the underlying aquifer and climate change 2) the involved biochemical processes in the peatland, in response to repeated wettings and drainings 3) how these processes are altered by environmental changes (desiccation and water quality recharge). A first approach by groundwater dating, combined to chemical characterization, enabled to gain knowledge on the aquifer conceptual functioning. The mean water residence time is of about 55 years and aquifer vulnerability to pollution is evidenced. Finally, the modelisation highlights the interactions between the wetland and the aquifer and predicts an important impact of groundwater extraction and climate change on the wetland water levels that may lead to desiccation and on the stream flows. The study confirms that peat biochemical vulnerability is highly dependant on the peat quality. A more degraded peat, i. E. With lower nutrient and biomass content, is more sensitive to oxidation processes, which results in important acidification and sulphate and cations leaching. Desiccation increases these processes and is clearly destructive. The results confirm that, while anaerobic conditions must be favoured in peatland management, regular small water table fluctuations do not disturb the peat functioning, as a nutrient transformer
Bouffard, Vicky. "Milieux humides artificiels pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité de traitement des eaux usées domestiques d'une petite municipalité". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Buscar texto completoSibold, Cédrik. "Les dolichopodidae dans la nature /". [S.l.] : Ifrance, 2000. http://www.ifrance.com/Dolicho.
Texto completoDupas, Rémi. "Identification et modélisation des processus à l'origine des transferts de phosphore dissous dans un bassin versant agricole". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSARD078/document.
Texto completoPhosphorus (P) is a controlling factor of eutrophication. Its presence in water bodies is partly due to agricultural diffuse emissions. The objective of this thesis was to identify and quantify the processes controlling diffuse P transfer, with an approach combining analysis of multi-scale observation data and modelling.Analysis of a water chemistry time series acquired at the outlet of a small agricultural catchment revealed that particulate and dissolved P forms had different spatial origin within the landscape, and were transferred through distinct mechanisms. Particulate P originates from stream bed sediments, bank erosion and occasionally from erosion on hillslopes. Dissolved P originates from riparian soils; it is transferred via subsurface flow when the water table fluctuations create a hydrological connection with the stream.Multi-site monitoring of P concentration in the soil pore water of the riparian zone evidenced that groundwater fluctuations controlled not only P transfer, but also its solubilisation. Two critical moments were identified: the summer dry period is favourable for the build-up of a pool of mobile P forms in soils, which is transferred in the autumn; when groundwater stagnates in soil in anoxic conditions, reductive dissolution of iron oxides causes a second P release. A coupled hydrological-biogeochemical model confirmed the hypotheses regarding the role of groundwater fluctuation, the soil P content and variability in soil temperature and moisture. An assessment of the information content in the data and the propagation of uncertainty enab