Bibliografías temáticas / Agriculture and state – france – history

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"

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Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"

1

Vause, Erika. "State of Nature". Agricultural History 97, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2023): 351–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-10474417.

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Abstract Scholars have argued for the importance of industrial accidents and urban precarity in laying the groundwork for the European welfare state in nineteenth-century France. Given the central role that farming played in French economic, political, and cultural life, however, agricultural insurance was among the first and most frequently debated aspects of nineteenth-century attempts to apply insurance to the “social question.” This article explores what François Ewald has termed the “insurantial imaginary” of agricultural insurance by examining debates about which threats could or should be insured and who should insure them. Despite widespread consensus on the virtues of expanding insurance into the countryside, there remained huge areas of disagreement: What counted as an insurable risk in agriculture? How should that risk be assessed? And whose responsibility was it to insure such risks—that of private individuals or the French state? This article argues that the repeated failures of the various proposals designed to protect peasants against the vagaries of nature had as much to do with practical impediments as they did with ideas about the “naturalness” of certain dangers. This perception of the “natural” would inform the construction of the French welfare state.
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Khudokormov, A. G. "“Economic Miracle” in France: Formation and Results of the Dirigisme Model in 1944–1973". World of new economy 13, n.º 2 (8 de diciembre de 2019): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2019-13-2-55-69.

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The purpose of the article is to show the determining role of dirigisme in the restoration and prosperity of France in the period 1944–1973; the influence of nationalization of enterprises of leading industries, banks on a compensatory basis; indicative planning for the revival of the country’s economy and achieving high rates of its growth; the rise of agriculture; the formation of a unified system of state social insurance. As a result of the reforms carried out in the 1950s and 1960s, these decades were a period of accelerated and almost continuous growth of the French economy. The ‘engines’ of economic growth were heavy industries, which accounted for the majority of all investment in the industry. The equipment in machine building (first of all in the car and aircraft construction, production of machines and devices) was updated; metallurgy, electrical engineering, chemistry, oil refining were modernised; the nuclear industry was created for the first time in the history. At the same time, in agriculture was held large-scale mechanisation. All this was accompanied by significant positive changes in the social sphere: soon after the end of WWII, the 40-hour working week was restored, annual leave for workers and employees was returned. Already by 1946, a unified state social insurance system was formed, which extended to all categories of employees, except for workers in the agricultural sector. As a result, the dirigisme model in France in the period 1944–1973 allowed this country not only to restore the war-ravaged economy, and also to achieve impressive success in industry, agriculture and the social sphere, to return it to one of the key positions in the world. It leads to the conclusion that the experience of using the conductor model in France can be used in the development of areas of reform of the Russian economy in current conditions.
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3

Vergunov, V. A. "UKRAINE AND FRANCE IN LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATE I.I. MECHNIKOV (1845-1916): UNKNOWN ARCHIVED UNKNOWN ARCHIVED PAGE OF HISTORY OF DOMESTIC AGROBIOLOGY". Agriciltural microbiology 8 (5 de mayo de 2009): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.8.168-177.

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Creative heritage of one of the founders of comparative pathology, evolutional embryology, microbiology and immunology, Nobel Prize laureate I.I. Mechnikov’ (1845-1916) was examined by the historicalscientific method in the context of his life and activity in Ukraine and France. The information from the documents found in the Central State Archives of the Supreme Organs of Government of Ukraine on the attempt of People’s Agriculture Commissariat USSR to create Ukrainian scientific-research institute of experimental biology nd. a. I.I. Mechnikov by the Ukrainian Public Committee’ offer to perpetuate the memory of I.I. Mechnikov was submitted for consideration for the first time.
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Muzychka, J. y O. Dadak. "Foreign experience of agricultural insurance and prospects of its adaptation in Ukraine". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, n.º 95 (28 de octubre de 2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9504.

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In the articles of the considered process of agrarian insurance in foreign countries. The essence of the concept of “agricultural insurance” and “agricultural insurance risk" is revealed. The history of development of agricultural insurance in the international market of insurance services is studied. There are several well-known national agricultural insurance systems and their characteristics. The national systems and participants of agrarian insurance in the countries of the world, namely: the United States of America, Canada, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Austria, France, Germany, Latvia and Poland are singled out. It is proved that in most countries of the world the importance of insurance of risks of agricultural production as an irreplaceable financial and economic lever of development of agriculture and economy of the countries is described. The most important measures that are provided and mandatory for the participants of the above-mentioned foreign national agricultural insurance systems are highlighted. Models of agricultural insurance in different countries are characterized by certain features: the state is an active participant in the agricultural insurance system; insurance is overwhelmingly voluntary; state policy in the field of insurance is characterized by structure and transparency; the state subsidizes both agricultural producers and insurance companies; Appropriate state institutions and appropriate levers of financial influence are created for the development and implementation of state policy in the field of agricultural insurance. Based on the experience of foreign countries, three main operating systems of agricultural insurance protection have been identified: the system of catastrophic coverage, the system of state administration of agricultural insurance programs, the system of cooperation between the state and insurance companies. It is noted that there is also an inefficient system of “state insurance company”, which sells agricultural insurance services. The main normative acts regulating the insurance process in Ukraine are described. It was proposed to introduce a new program of state support for agricultural insurance, which would clearly define: the subjects of the market of insurance of agricultural products with state support, insurance contracts, insurance rules, the mechanism for providing state support to farmers; information support of state support of agricultural insurance.
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5

Bivar, Venus. "Manufacturing a Multifunctional Countryside". French Politics, Culture & Society 36, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2018): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2018.360203.

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Rural France was instrumental to the experience of les trente glorieuses. Not only did rural France fuel economic growth and urbanization through increases in agricultural efficiency, but it also served as an imaginary counterpoint to the hustle and bustle of a new mass consumer society. In the first two decades of the postwar period, a productivist logic of agricultural output dominated rural land use policy. By the 1970s, however, after experiencing problems of surplus, the state turned toward a multifunctional approach. Rural lands were used to create regional parks, environmental preserves, and vacation properties. As both a site of agricultural production and urban consumption, rural France was operationalized to further the economic growth that defined les trente glorieuses.
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Osipov, Evgeny Aleksandrovich. "Soviet-Algerian Relations in 1962-1971 in the Context of the Rivalry Between Moscow and Paris. Based on the Materials of the RGANI and the Archive of the French Foreign Ministry". Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2022): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.11.39116.

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Based on documents from the archives of the French Foreign Ministry and the Russian State Archive of Modern History, the article analyzes Soviet-Algerian relations through the prism of the rivalry between Moscow and Paris in the period from Algeria's independence in 1962 to the nationalization in 1971 by the Algerian leadership of oil transportation facilities and 51% of the shares of French oil companies operating in the Arab state. In the first years after the signing of the Evian Agreements of 1962, loans provided by the USSR, supplies of Soviet equipment, the start of a program to train national personnel, as well as assistance from other socialist countries helped Algeria to stabilize the socio-economic situation in the country. Up until 1968, Moscow's actions in Algeria did not affect strategically important areas for France. However, the aggravation of French-Algerian relations due to Paris' non-compliance with the Algerian wine purchase agreement and, more importantly, the Algerian leadership's desire for independence from France in the oil sector and, at the same time, the beginning of supplies of Algerian wine to the USSR in 1968 and Moscow's assistance in the exploration and exploitation of oil fields in Algeria led to the beginning of the Soviet-French rivalry for the Algerian market. As a result, France and other Western countries were able to impose serious competition on the USSR, significantly reducing Moscow's capabilities in the Algerian direction. The USSR promoted Algeria's independence from France in the oil sector, but failed to make Algeria part of the socialist bloc. The main beneficiary of the Soviet-French rivalry was Algeria itself, which received significant support from the USSR in creating modern industry, agriculture and in the field of training qualified personnel, while retaining ample opportunities to enter Western markets.
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7

Bonneui, Christophe y Frederic Thomas. "Purifying Landscapes: The Vichy Regime and The Genetic Modernization of France". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 40, n.º 4 (2010): 532–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2010.40.4.532.

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This article argues that "genetic modernism" in seeds was simultaneously a technoscientific and a political project that materialized under wartime Vichy's proto-fascist regime and that contributed to shaping and legitimizing Vichy as a "planner state." The constitution of the genetically homogeneous cultivar as a scientific object, a market commodity, and a state policy object went hand in hand during the Vichy regime. A new biopolitical connection between state and seeds emerged, in which seeds were considered a priority target for state intervention because they were seen as the easiest path toward transforming agricultural practices so as to meet pressing needs for a sufficient and autonomous food supply (autarky). The state acquired the power of life and death over plant genomes in the nation's landscapes and enacted a phytoeugenics that was both positive (aiming to encourage the diffusion of varieties deemed healthy or higher yielding) and negative (aiming to suppress varieties deemed obsolete). The ontology of "genetic modernism" considered living beings as having an intrinsic genetic identity, sealed off from the vagaries of the environment, and favored serial and stable forms of life, which were achieved materially through the production of plant populations composed of isogenotypic individuals (clones, pure lines, F1 hybrids). Such pure line ontology, planned seed-economy practices, and metrological arrangements articulated a biopolitics geared towards superseding a nexus of biocultural crop evolutionary processes under farmers' management with centralized planning of genetic progress. This turned Vichy France into a huge biopolitical laboratory. It also left major legacies in the post––World War II decades.
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Planas, Jordi. "STATE INTERVENTION IN WINE MARKETS IN THE EARLY 20THCENTURY: WHY WAS IT SO DIFFERENT IN FRANCE AND SPAIN?" Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 35, n.º 2 (15 de noviembre de 2016): 175–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610916000148.

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ABSTRACTIn the early 20thcentury, governments not only used trade policy to protect domestic agricultural markets, but they also introduced regulations affecting quality, quantity and prices. In this article I assess the differences in the state intervention in wine markets in two major wine-producing countries, France and Spain, and try to explain the reasons for them. To do so, I examine the specific features of their markets and productive systems, the winegrowers’ collective action, and the political framework in each country. I argue that the differences are related to (a) the strength and cohesion of the winegrowers’ lobby, (b) the winegrowers’ relationship with political parties and (c) the state’s ability to respond to their demands.
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Yancheva, Svetla, Boryana Ivanova y Hristina Yancheva. "Agricultural education in Bulgaria – traditions and future". Agricultural Sciences 13, n.º 29 (7 de junio de 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2021.29.001.

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The foundations of Bulgarian higher agricultural education date back to 1921. Until then, agricultural university graduates were trained in France, Germany, Italy and other European countries. In 1945, based on the Regents’ Council Decree No 180 of August 4th, published in the State Gazette on August 20th, the Ordinance setting up a state university located in Plovdiv was enacted. Nowadays, the Agricultural University (AU) is the successor of that first university situated outside the capital Sofia. The history and traditions of this higher educational establishment have invariably followed the social and cultural development of the country, which has gone through difficult and complicated political and economic times. Even today, the Agricultural University in Plovdiv is the only specialized state university in Bulgaria in the area of agricultural and related sciences of national, European, and international high prestige. The purpose of the present review is to present the traditions and challenges in agricultural education in Bulgaria. The University draws strength from the rich tradition but looks to the future and global problems to provide accurate decisions to the challenges of the twenty-first century in agricultural education, science, and safe food production for a better quality of life.
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Sviatoshniuk, A. L. "The current state of the agricultural advisory activity and its importance for the development of the agricultural cooperation in Ukraine". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, n.º 80 (22 de enero de 2024): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.1.57.

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The article is devoted to researching the current state of the agricultural advisory activity and outlining its importance for the development of the agricultural cooperation in Ukraine. It is established that development of the agricultural advisory activity has a rather long world history: the first references are found in Mesopotamia. In 1847, the first modernized agricultural advisory service was established in Ireland. Subsequently, agricultural advisory services, which at the present stage demonstrate high efficiency indicators for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy, in particular the development of the agricultural cooperation, have spread to other countries of the world, in particular, Germany, Denmark, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy, Japan, the USA, etc. In Ukraine agricultural advisory activity started at the end of the 19th century. In 1995, the first modern agricultural advisory service in Lviv region began to form. Legal regulation of the agricultural advisory activity was introduced in 2004 through the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Advisory Activity». In the course of the study, it was determined that agricultural advisory activity is a necessary condition for the effective development of the agricultural cooperatives in Ukraine, because in the conditions of the appearance of the latest innovative agricultural technologies, active updating of the legal acts in the agricultural sphere, taking into account the fact that the level of cooperative education of Ukrainians is not satisfactory, members of the agricultural cooperatives need proper professional informational and advisory support from the agricultural advisory services. At the same time, at the current stage, there continues to be a significant number of factors that restrain the development of agricultural advisory activities and agricultural advisory services, which, as a result, negatively affects the development of the agricultural cooperation. The article concludes that the effective development of the agricultural advisory activities and agricultural advisory services requires proper support from the state.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"

1

Geiter, Steffan James. "The Church, State, and Literature of Carolingian France". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3076.

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This thesis examines the eighth century rise in power of the Carolingian Church and the Carolingian dynasty through an early promise of religious revival, monarchial revival, and increased Papal power. Such aims gained the Carolingians a powerful in the Church. Aided by Boniface (672-754 AD) and the Church, the Carolingians replaced the Merovingians in Francia. In conjunction with this revival, Church scholars dictated a reformation of kingship in treatises called the Speculum Principum. A king’s position became tremulous when they strayed from these rules, as it betrayed their alliance. Ultimately, Louis the Pious (778-840 AD) faced deposition after they disagreed on his appointments and adherence to the ideologies of the Speculum Principum.
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Montpetit, Eric. "Policy making performance, policy change, and political institutions : the formulation of an environmental policy for the agricultural sector in France, the United States and Canada /". *McMaster only, 1999.

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Forsythe, Anne Cabrié. "Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism in Revolutionary France and Russia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626669.

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Mazower, Benjamin Louis. "Agriculture, farm labour and the state in the Natal Midlands, 1940-1960". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14317.

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Bibliography: leaves 204-212.
This thesis analyses agrarian development in the Natal Midlands during the 1940s and 1950s. Based predominantly on archival and primary sources, it seeks to provide some empirical evidence in an area where such information is sorely lacking. The first chapter briefly analyses the national agricultural economy in the 1940s before turning to the Natal Midlands. The importance of urban factors in fuelling the post-war boom is examined, as is the way in which different groups of farmers reacted to these developments. The second chapter discusses the position of farm workers. The system of labour tenancy is considered and stress is laid on the various tensions within the system which became prominent at this time. The use of the courts and the police in helping farmers control their workers, informal methods of control and labourers' resistance are also examined. The next chapter discusses the severe farm labour shortage and shows how it emerged from the tensions within labour tenancy and the increasing urban opportunities seized by farm workers. Attention is also paid to the farm labour policies of the pre-apartheid state and these are compared with the policies demanded by organised agriculture. The final chapter examines these processes during the 1950s. The effect of the slowdown in agricultural growth is discussed as is the limited success of the apartheid state's farm labour policies. It is suggested that the key to understanding the state's lack of success lies in differentiating between different categories of farmers. The agricultural crisis in the late 1950s and its effects are also analysed. Finally, it is suggested that the key determinants of agrarian development are accumulation and struggle rather than state policies.
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Gilkey, Emily 1984. "Marriage in Crisis: The Individual and the State in Belle Epoque France". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10059.

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vii, 80 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This thesis offers an analysis of the competing interests of the state and the individual in Belle Epoque France as manifested in a crisis of marriage. I argue that traditional institutions that favored social stability were incompatible with a modern understanding of individual rights. My argument is centered on three issues: the abolition of the dowry, the legalization of divorce and the legitimization of free union. Conservatives considered familial stability to be a vital element of national security, thereby justifying extensive state interference in marriage practices. Liberals contended that the primary function of government was to guarantee individuals maximal freedom. These competing interests produced a climate of crisis that pitted two irreconcilable visions of marriage against one another.
Committee in Charge: George Sheridan, Chair; David Luebke; Alexander Dracobly
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Huang, Zhi Feng. "Study of European Union Common Agricultural Policy : France agricultural policy anaysis". Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555543.

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Peplow, Stephen. "What causes a cabinet to change its mind? the British farmer and the state 1818-2004". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/895.

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The two centuries from 1818 to 2004 cover profound social and economic changes in what was, for much of the period, the most powerful country in the world. Britain led the way in moving capital and labour out of agriculture and into newer industries, such as coal-mining, textiles and transportation. The changes were accompanied by deep institutional changes, especially in the franchise. The rate of change is remarkable: within seventy years Britain was almost completely democratic, in contrast to the 'rotten boroughs' and virtual feudalism of the pre- 1832 unreformed Parliaments. The changes are mirrored in the role given to agriculture within society, and in particular the amount and type of economic rent transferred from the consumer and the taxpayer to the farmer. This thesis uses two centuries of data and 'survival analysis' statistical techniques to show that Olson's celebrated theory of collective action can be substantiated in a dynamic context. I show that as the share of farmers in the workforce diminishes, and their relative wealth shrinks, the probability of the Cabinet increasing protection grows. The reverse is also the case, showing that the Cabinet responds positively to pressures from a group whose utility was diminishing.
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KISER, EDGAR VANCE. "KINGS AND CLASSES: CROWN AUTONOMY, STATE POLICIES, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WESTERN EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISMS (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SWEDEN, SPAIN)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184073.

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This dissertation explores the role of Absolutist states in the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe. Three general questions are addressed: (1) what are the determinants of variations in the autonomy of rulers? (2) what are the consequences of variations in autonomy for states policies? and (3) what are the effects of various state policies on economic development? A new theoretical framework, based on a synthesis of the neoclassical economic literature on principal-agent relations and current organizational theory in sociology, is developed to answer these three questions. Case studies of Absolutism in England, France, Sweden, and Spain are used to illustrate the explanatory power of the theory.
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Lawrence, David. "British agricultural policy, 1917-1932". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55612.

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Ruffing, Jason L. "A Century of Overproduction in American Agriculture". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700066/.

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American agriculture in the twentieth century underwent immense transformations. The triumphs in agriculture are emblematic of post-war American progress and expansion but do not accurately depict the evolution of American agriculture throughout an entire century of agricultural depression and economic failure. Some characteristics of this evolution are unprecedented efficiency in terms of output per capita, rapid industrialization and mechanization, the gradual slip of agriculture's portion of GNP, and an exodus of millions of farmers from agriculture leading to fewer and larger farms. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an environmental history and political ecology of overproduction, which has lead to constant surpluses, federal price and subsidy intervention, and environmental concerns about sustainability and food safety. This project explores the political economy of output maximization during these years, roughly from WWI through the present, studying various environmental, economic, and social effects of overproduction and output maximization. The complex eco system of modern agriculture is heavily impacted by the political and economic systems in which it is intrinsically embedded, obfuscating hopes of food and agricultural reforms on many different levels. Overproduction and surplus are central to modern agriculture and to the food that has fueled American bodies for decades. Studying overproduction, or operating at rapidly expanding levels of output maximization, will provide a unique lens through which to look at the profound impact that the previous century of technological advance and farm legislation has had on agriculture in America.
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Libros sobre el tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"

1

A, Miller Judith. Mastering the market: The State and the grain trade in Northern France, 1700-1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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2

Cleary, M. C. Peasants, politicians, and producers: The organisation of agriculture in France since 1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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Rosenthal, Jean-Laurent. The fruits of revolution: Property rights, litigation, and French agriculture, 1700-1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Canal i Morell, Jordi, 1964-, Pécout Gilles y Ridolfi Maurizio 1957-, eds. Sociétés rurales du XXe siècle: France, Italie et Espagne. Rome: École française de Rome, 2004.

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Morera, Raphaël. L'assèchement des marais en France au XVIIe siècle. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2011.

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Heller, Chaia. Food solidarity: French farmers and the fight against industrial agriculture and genetically modified crops. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013.

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Chatriot, Alain. La politique du blé: Crises et régulation d'un marché dans la France de l'entre-deux-guerres. Paris: Comité pour l'histoire économique et financière de la France, 2016.

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Nunes, Graça Soares. Vila Franca de Xira: Economia e sociedade na instalação do liberalismo, 1820-1850. Lisboa: Colibri, 2006.

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Devroey, Jean-Pierre. Etudes sur le grand domaine carolingien. Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain: Variorum, 1993.

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Sowing empire: Landscape and colonization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"

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Plack, Noelle. "5. Collective Agricultural Practices and the French State: Aspects of the Rural Code in France from the 18th to the 20th Century". En Rural History in Europe, 95–110. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.4.00051.

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Cocaud, Martine. "An early form of specialised agriculture in Western France". En Rural History in Europe, 63–76. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.5.112261.

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Price, Roger. "In conclusion: state and society". En A Social History of Nineteenth-Century France, 357–64. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262824-12.

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Chatriot, Alain. "Epilogue: French Politics, History, and a New Perspective on the Jacobin State". En Pluralism and the Idea of the Republic in France, 248–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137028310_14.

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Béaur, Gérard. "Preventing subsistence crises: the State and Granaries of Abundance in Old Regime France". En Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 193–210. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.corn-eb.5.118260.

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Mercier-Laurent, Eunika. "AI in France: History, Lessons Learnt, State of the Art and Future". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 91–111. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03226-4_6.

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Nilsson, Anders y Lars Pettersson. "11. The State or the People? Government Policies and Popular Movements in Education and Training in 19th century Swedish Agriculture". En Rural History in Europe, 215–30. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.4.00057.

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Drendel, John. "5. The rural history of France in the Middle Ages: the current state of research". En Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 95–118. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.corn-eb.4.00086.

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Weymann, Ansgar. "Integration and the Education State. Institutional History and Public Discourse in England, France, Germany, and the US". En Integration and Inequality in Educational Institutions, 21–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6119-3_2.

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Charle, Christophe. "Legitimacies in Peril: Towards a Comparative History of Elites and State in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century France and Western Europe". En Researching Elites and Power, 71–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45175-2_6.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"

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Kosolapov, Vladimir, Ilya Trofimov, Lyudmila Trofimova y Elena Yakovleva. "100 years of the State Meadow Institute". En Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-9-18.

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100 years since the Establishment of the State Meadow Institute the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology celebrates in June 2022. The State Meadow Institute creation was event of the most important state significance. This event is extremely important for rational nature management, increasing soil fertility, obtaining high and sustainable crop yields, and preserving the productive longevity of our lands. In 1922 the Station for the study of forage plants and forage area was transformed into the State Meadow Institute (SMI). 1930 – SMI was transformed into the All-Union Williams Fodder Research Institute. 1992 – transformation into the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute. 2018 transformation into the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology. Throughout its history, the Institute has proudly borne the name of its founder – W. R. Williams. Such famous scientists as V. R. Williams, A. M. Dmitriev, L. G. Ramensky, I. V. Larin, S. P. Smelov, T. A. Rabotnov, A. A. Zubrilin and many others worked at the Institute. The Institute's works (books, articles) have been published in England, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, USA, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Switzerland, Sweden, and Japan. Scientific and practical achievements of the Institute were awarded 7 times with State prizes of the USSR and the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, as well as Prizes of the government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation, diplomas of Exhibitions and other awards. For services to the country, the Institute was awarded the order of Labor Red Banner.
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Guyeux, Christophe. "Predictions in Pre-Hospital Emergency Transport in France: A State of the Art". En International Conference on Signal Processing and Vision. Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122205.

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For a number of years now, the regional fire department centers have been recording their interventions numerically. Such databases are under- utilized and are mainly used for statistical andmanagement purposes. However, such a history of interventions can be very useful, if used in conjunction with artificial intelligence algorithms, for predictive purposes. Such work has recently been done in France through a series of articles investigatingthe various aspects of the problem, and has been put into production at the Doubs center. The objective of this review is to take stock of all the workthat has been done so far, to list the successes andthe stumbling blocks, and to draw up a roadmap on this theme for the years to come.
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Khizriyev, A. Kh. "The Creation of the United Saudi State in the Context of International Relations in the 1920s-1930s". En IV Международный научный форум "Наследие". SB RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-6049863-7-0-66-71.

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The article studies the most crucial period in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) – the emergence of the third Saudi state. This event was one of the immediate results of World War I since the winners – Great Britain and France – redrawn the Middle East map after the Ottoman Empire's dissolution. Its founder, Abdel-Aziz ibn Saud, played a vital role in creating the Saudi state. His personal leadership and diplomatic qualities influenced the success of restoring the Saudi state in the Arabian Peninsula. Nevertheless, the great powers were the main actors in this event and used it to create a political balance in the Middle East and gain their goals and interests in the region. Despite their prominent role in this process, they failed to obtain any significant benefits since the emergence of the Saudi state, and the policy of King Abdel-Aziz opened the door for the infiltration of American oil companies into the Middle East. Competing with British companies, they succeeded and eventually strengthened the political and economic influence of the USA in the Arab world.
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Kubát, Patrik. "Wine Destination Offered as a Brand – Enotourism in Chile". En Fifth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2021.19.

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Chile is seen as a wine-producing giant from New World Wine, and so its brand as a destination is nowadays mostly associated with nature and then with wine. As a country of wine for incoming tourists, it can of­fer even more connection to wine due to the superior qualities of its history, culture, and nature. Enotourism is a trend that could explicitly produce the next wine tourism destination, among other things. This paper aims to de­termine the state of the art on the supply side (wineries) for wine tourism and to find out the extent to which winemakers offer wine services in their win­ery in a particular wine destination. The field research was conducted in one of Chile´s wine-producing regions: Maule Valley. Semi-structured interviews, followed by the processing of the obtained data, constitute the main source base. This paper also proposes possible recommendations for the wine des­tination brand of Maule Valley.
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Costa, Mateus Magalhães Soares da, João Pedro de Sá Pereira y Laura Victória Miranda Silveira. "History of neurology in São Paulo at the first half of the 20th century: a systematic review". En XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.611.

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Neurology in São Paulo was initiated at the beginning of the XX century, with the creation of the Paulista School of Medicine. This article aims to analyze the emergence of Neurology in the state of São Paulo and the influences it received. To this end, we conducted a systematic search in an electronic database, Scielo. In this context, in the 20th century, neurology studied in São Paulo was greatly influenced by the science practiced in France, since in 1882 the specialty was initiated at the University of Paris. Discussions about the diseases in this area were discussed at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia in São Paulo. Another important place for the development of neurology in São Paulo was the creation of the neuropathology and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory, in 1924, at the Hospital de Juqueri. In the 1920s, the teaching of clinical neurology was created at the Faculty of Medicine by Enjolras Vampré, known as the father of neurology in São Paulo. In the 1930s, there were major changes in the areas of brain pathology, diagnosis of diseases that affect the central nervous system, and therapy. All of this was used at Hospital de Juqueri and Faculdade Paulista de Medicina. Among the prominent methods used were pneumoencephalography, cerebral arteriography, and cerebral leucotomy. Some literary works were fundamental for the dissemination of knowledge of Neurology in the society of São Paulo, namely “Memories of the Hospital of Juqueri” from 1924 and “Archives of Assistance to Psychopaths” from 1936. Neurology underwent a major evolution at the end of the first half of the twentieth century, however, it became expensive and inaccessible to a large part of the population, especially at a time before the creation of the Unified Health System, making the poorest marginalized concerning the treatment of neurological diseases that affected the society of São Paulo at the time.
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Андросова, Т. В. "Finland as a Part of the Russian Empire 1809–1917: A State within a State". En Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.018.

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Географический фактор играет двоякую роль в истории Финляндии и ее взаимоотношений с внешним миром. С одной стороны, территориальное положение на окраине Европы обусловило то, что финны сравнительно поздно включились в цивилизационный процесс. С другой стороны, земли, омываемые водами дальних заливов Балтийского моря, находятся в одном из наиболее важных со стратегической точки зрения европейских регионов. Хотя к «финским территориям» издавна проявляли интерес также Англия, Германия и Франция, влияние извне связано для финнов прежде всего с соперничеством ближайших соседей. Политический вакуум, в котором финны пребывали вплоть до начала XI в., пытались заполнить с запада – Швеция и римскокатолическая церковь, с востока – Россия (Великий Новгород) и православная церковь. Первая граница между Швецией и Россией была установлена в 1323 г. Согласно Ореховскому мирному договору Швеция получила юго-западные и западные финляндские территории, Россия – Восточную Карелию. В XVIII в. Россия приступила к поэтапному возвращению финляндских земель, присоединив Финляндию по итогам войны 1808–1809 гг. В границах архиконсервативной Российской империи родилось и постепенно оформилось финляндское государство западного типа. Финляндия получила широкую политическую и экономическую автономию – правительство, четырехсословный орган народного представительства (сейм), налоговую и финансовую систему, свое гражданство, валюту и пр. Финляндию от новой метрополии изначально отделяла таможенная граница. Главой законодательной власти являлся император, управлявший Финляндией на основе коренных законов (конституции) шведского времени. Будучи частью Российского государства, Финляндия постепенно стала политической общностью, а также одним из наиболее экономически развитых регионов империи. Уступки со стороны России были связаны с необходимостью обеспечить безопасность западной границы. The geographical factor plays a twofold role in the history of Finland and its relations with the outside world. On the one hand, the territorial situation on the edge of Europe caused the Finns to join the civilizational process relatively late. On the other hand, the lands washed by the waters of the far reaches of the Baltic Sea are located in one of the most strategically important European regions. Although England, Germany and France have long been interested in the "Finnish territories", external influence for Finns is primarily connected with the hostility of their closest neighbors. It was the political vacuum in which the Finns remained until the beginning of the XI century, that Sweden and the Roman Catholic Church tried to fill from the west, Russia (Veliky Novgorod) and the Orthodox Church – from the east. The first border between Sweden and Russia was established in 1323. According to the Orekhov Peace Treaty, Sweden received the southwestern and western Finnish territories, Russia – East Karelia. In the XYIII century Russia began the gradual return of the Finnish lands, annexing Finland after the results of the war of 1808–1809. Within the borders of the arch-conservative Russian Empire, a Western-type Finnish state was born and gradually took shape. Finland received a wide political and economic autonomy – the government, the four–member body of the People's representation (Seim), the tax and financial system, its citizenship, currency, etc. Finland and the new metropolis were initially separated by the customs border. The head of the legislative power was the emperor, who ruled Finland on the basis of the fundamental laws (constitution) of the Swedish period. Being a part of the Russian state, Finland gradually became a political community, as well as one of the most economically developed regions of the empire. Russia's concessions were determined by the need to ensure the security of the western border.
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Marinković, Milica. "RAZVITAK FRANCUSKE ADVOKATURE U XIX VEKU". En XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.1067m.

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The paper is dedicated to the development of advocacy in France throughout history, and special attention is paid to the struggle of lawyers to repair the damage caused to their position by the Bourgeois Revolution. The goals of the legal struggle were fully achieved in the period of the Third Republic, rightly called the "Republic of Lawyers", when they took over the legislative and executive power. French lawyers, especially in the 19th century, were often real political dissidents. With their work as a politival opposition, they redefined the relationship between the state and society and set a clear border of state power, all of which enabled the easier emergence of a liberal constitutional monarchy, and then a republic. Due to the constant opposition activities in the courtroom, the lawyers demonstrated in the best possible way how closely law and politics stand in each state. In the introductory chapter of the paper, the author gives an overview of the historical development of advocacy from the Frankish period to the Revolution itself. During the Old Regime, lawyers enjoyed the status of "secular clergy" and, although members of the Third Class, were an unavoidable political factor in absolutist France. The second chapter contains an analysis of the devastating impact of the Revolution on the legal profession and timid attempts to improve the position of the legal profession with the advent of the Restoration. The third chapter provides an overview of the period from 1830 to 1870, which was characterized by the increasingly serious interference of lawyers in politics in order to fight for the advancement of the profession. The chapter on the Third Republic talks about the successful outcome of the lawyer's fight for their own rights, and the final chapter talks about the tendencies in the French legal profession in the 20th century.
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Todinca, Vasile. "Aspects of material culture from Fughiu village, Bihor county". En Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.16.

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Th e subject of the present study considers some aspects of the material culture from Fughiu village. Th e research was done in the fi eld and in the State Archives of Oradea, revealing a huge documentary material, but also valuable ideas stored in the collective mind of the villagers of Fughiu village, in memory of those silent of history who remained captive to orality. In the fi rst part of our study, we illustrated the main occupations of the village, agriculture and animal husbandry, as we found them in documents, but also how they emerged from interviews with villagers. In the second part, we exemplifi ed the secondary occupations, respectively the household craft s.
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Gila, Cristina Iulia. "Challenges and Achievements of European Education Ministers on Information Exchange and Collaboration within the European Economic Community between 60s and 80s". En World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/25.

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This article examines the concerns of all national education systems in Europe regarding exchanges of information, ideas and collaborations since the beginning of the configuration of the European Community in the 1960s. The idea of working together member states for a better future for the younger generation was found both in the documents of the Conferences of Heads of State on Education and in the consultations of education experts. This was pointed out by education ministers, such as Edgar Faure or Olivier Guichard, in France, who made strong arguments, demonstrating responsibility for action for future generations. Although the beginning was difficult, in the 1960s the documents referred to the education of the children of migrant workers, the importance of learning modern languages, the recognition of diplomas. In the 1980s, meetings at the level of education ministers highlighted a deepening and strengthening of cooperation to adapt language teaching models, expand the study of European history and European institutions in secondary education increasing access to education for children with special needs, setting up school spaces for language learning, but especially the creation of a European Centre for Education.
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Cimpoies, Liliana y Maria Grubleac. "Implicațiile schimbărilor climatice asupra dezvoltării fitotehniei în Republica Moldova". En International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.ii.2023.17.13.

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The agricultural sector is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to its direct dependence on temperature and precipitation. In the Republic of Moldova in recent years, agriculture, especially crop production, has been affected by climate change, especially droughts (once every 3-10 years). According to the State Hydrometeorological Service, the 2007 drought was one of the most severe in the country's history, affecting more than 80 percent of the area, with losses of more than $1 billion. And the drought of 2020 caused a 27.1 percent drop in global agricultural output and the loss of about 20 percent of jobs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of crop production in the Republic of Moldova under the impact of climate change. The research is based on the analysis of data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics and the State Hydrometeorological Service. The analyzed data include indicators such as the volume of global agricultural output, the harvest and productivity of some main agricultural crops, and the analysis of the influence of temperature, precipitation on these indicators. It is important to continue monitoring and adapting to climate change in the agricultural sector by implementing sustainable agricultural practices, developing climate-resistant varieties and using advanced technologies. This can ensure greater resilience and productivity to climate threats in the development of Moldova's agricultural sector.
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Informes sobre el tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"

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Jiang, Xiaowei y John Cherry. History and Hydraulics of Flowing Wells. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/cpet1503.

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Because flowing wells are spectacular visual evidence of groundwater occurrence, they became the impetus for both qualitative and quantitative groundwater science. The pursuit of answers to fundamental questions generated by flowing wells in confined aquifers bounded by aquitards moved the science forward for more than a century until pumping became the main form of groundwater development. Since the turn of the 20th century, flowing wells in unconfined aquifers were an impetus for the paradigm shift from aquitard-bound flow to cross-formational flow driven by topography. In this book, the histories of drilling flowing wells in France, the US, Canada, and China—which led to important findings on hydraulics of flowing wells—are summarized. The occurrence of flowing wells in confined aquifers, unconfined aquifers and semi-confined aquifers are demonstrated by showing the corresponding forms of topography-driven groundwater flow from recharge to discharge areas in different aquifers. This book introduces classic models of steady-state and transient discharge rates from flowing wells without considering basinal groundwater flow fields as proposed by Dupuit (1863), Jacob and Lohman (1952), and Hantush (1959). Recent models of transient and steady-state discharge rates of flowing wells that consider basinal groundwater flow fields—which led to a clear understanding of sources of water derived in flowing wells—are also introduced. By providing a comprehensive description of flowing wells, this book is useful not only to understanding hydraulics of flowing wells, but also to understanding the history of groundwater science.
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Bottino, Mattia. ECMI Minorities Blog. Francophone, Francophile, and Gallo-Romance peripheries in Piedmont and the Aosta Valley. European Centre for Minority Issues, noviembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/alpj4698.

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The blog post discusses the linguistic and cultural peculiarities of Piedmont and the Aosta Valley, two regions that have historically straddled France and Italy. It provides a brief historical linguistic overview of the development of Gallo-Romance languages (French, Franco-Provençal, and Occitan) in these regions. The piece describes the Francophile and Francophone orientation of Piedmont throughout its history, as well as the belated introduction of Tuscan (Italian). It stresses the singularity of Piedmontese, and its close linguistic relation to neighbouring Gallo-Romance languages. Against this background, the text assesses the current state and vitality of Franco- and Gallo-Romance peripheries within the borders of Italy, and explains how such identities have evolved, been reshaped or become politicized. Primordialist and constructivist perspectives on national (and minority) identities are combined to better understand the development, decay, and reconfiguration of linguistic and cultural identities in Piedmont and the Aosta Valley.
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Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich y David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.

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The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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