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1
Hartmann, Udo. "Das palmyrenische Teilreich /". Stuttgart : Steiner, 2001. http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/AG-2002-005.
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Astete, A. Boris y C. Andrés Guevara. "AG FOODS". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117506.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en AdministraciónAstete A., Boris [Parte I], Guevara C., Andrés [Parte II]
La alimentación se ha ido transformando poco a poco, dentro de una larga historia llena de problemas y, a la vez, de soluciones que hacen apasionante dedicarse a estudiar la evolución alimentaria de los individuos. Lo anterior sumado a las crecientes necesidades de productividad y a la escasez de mano de obra calificada para producir en cada uno de los puntos donde se expende alimentación, considerando además la evolución de los usuarios en términos de sus demandas por servicios de mayor calidad en el delivery, obliga a las actuales empresas prestadoras de servicios a externalizar su producción. En este plan de negocios hemos evaluado la instalación de una planta procesadora de alimentos preparados y envasados bajo sistema Cook and Chill, (cocinar y enfriar). Para ello identificamos oportunidades en la Zona Norte y principalmente asociadas a los consumos de la población que se encuentra en las zonas mineras, (los cuales llegan a 55.000 personas en las regiones de Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta y Atacama1). Este segmento requiere de empresas prestadoras de servicios con un proveedor estratégico que les permita reducir costos y a la vez mantener una alta calidad percibida. En estos aspectos se centra nuestra estrategia competitiva y que en el desarrollo del plan describiremos tanto en los aspectos de Marketing, abordando la estrategia a aplicar, como en el plan de Operaciones, el cual es fundamental para asegurar el proceso y la calidad deseada, por último el desarrollo adecuado de nuestros Recursos Humanos resulta fundamental para poder generar nuestra ventaja competitiva de Calidad y Gestión. Lo descrito anteriormente permite con un grupo de personal calificado y la tecnología apropiada generar grandes volúmenes de producción, con calidades definidas, lo que nos facilitaría la obtención de productos homogéneos y de acuerdo a los estándares definidos por los clientes, y empresas prestadoras de servicios de alimentación colectiva. En el plan financiero y evaluación económica se estimó una inversión inicial total que asciende a los MM$2.000 obteniéndose los indicadores, VAN: MM$497, TIR: 24%, PRC: 5 años y un punto de equilibrio desde el año 3 con una producción de 330 toneladas mensuales
3
Noro, Hisato. "Surface processes at Ag/Fe and Fe/Ag interfaces". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239113.
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Grohn, Thomas Joachim. "Die Leistungsfähigkeit des deutschen Eisenbahnsystems nach der Bahnreform : juristische und sozialökonomische Grundlagen für regionale und grenzüberschreitende Schienenverkehre /". Hamburg : Kovač, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008047296&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Belkhair, Sama Salem. "Antimicrobial properties of Ag zeolites and Ag zeolite containing polymers". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617118/.
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Ag zeolites have been studied in this thesis for antibacterial applications in powder form or in composite materials. The influence of the textural characteristics (crystal size and mesoporosity) of silver-exchanged FAU- and BEA-type zeolites on their antimicrobial efficacy was studied. Two pairs of zeolite X and zeolite beta with different sizes as well as a mesoporous zeolite beta were tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Reduction of crystal size resulted in a slight decrease in the killing efficacy against both microorganisms. Zeolite beta showed higher activity than zeolite X despite the lower Ag content in that sample, which was attributed to the higher concentration of silver released from zeolite beta samples to the medium. Introduction of mesoporosity had a beneficial effect on the antimicrobial efficacy. Cytotoxicity measurements using peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that Ag zeolite X was more toxic compared to Ag beta, particularly the nanosized sample. The influence of the form of silver (metallic or ionic) on the antimicrobial efficacy was determined using Ag-loaded EMT zeolites. The killing efficacy of pure EMT, Ag+-EMT and Ag0-EMT against E. coli was studied semi-quantitatively. The antibacterial activity increased with increasing Ag content for both types of samples (Ag+-EMT and Ag0-EMT). The Ag0-EMT samples show slightly enhanced antimicrobial efficacy compared to that of Ag+-EMT, however, the differences are not substantial and the preparation of Ag nanoparticles is not viable considering the complexity of preparation steps. A multidisciplinary approach has been applied to the preparation of antibacterial Ag zeolite/silicone elastomer composites aimed at products that satisfy a range of requirements, namely good mechanical properties after zeolite incorporation and strongly antibacterial. The composites showed strong efficacy against E. coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Organic functionalisation of the zeolite with organo-silanes prior blending with the matrix usefully improved composite mechanical properties and reduced colour development in Ag zeolite containing silicone elastomers. The same approach was applied for the preparation of dental acrylic resins. Antibacterial dental resin containing Ag zeolites at loadings of 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 and 2 wt.% were prepared. The composites showed strong efficacy against E. coli and no viable E. coli were detected after 5 hours of incubation. The presence of Ag zeolites within the acrylic resin resulted in resin discolouration, which was more pronounced at high Ag zeolite loadings. A sustained Ag release over long periods of time (54 days) was observed with a greater Ag release in artificial saliva compared to that in distilled water. Dental resins loaded with Ag-free zeolites followed by post-fabrication insertion of Ag by ion-exchange were prepared to overcome discolouration. The materials prepared using this approach had a similar colour to that of the original polymer as determined by the colour measurements. These composites showed strong efficacy against E. coli and no viable E. coli cells were detected after 5 hours of incubation.
6
Krumbiegel, Klaus. "Regional-ONline-AG". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-210632.
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aus der Einleitung:
"Innerhalb des letzten Jahres hat sich der Anteil der Internet-Teilnehmer unter den sächsischen klein- und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) annähernd verdoppelt, wofür es eine Vielzahl von Beweggründen gibt. Sicher spielt dabei die Kostendegression bei Installation und Betrieb eines eigenen Anschlusses eine wichtige Rolle. Gleichwohl wird eine solche Investitionsentscheidung auch bei niedrigerem Preisniveau der Priorität des erzielbaren Nutzens folgen - im konkreten Fall also der Überzeugung, dass die Realisierung von geschäftlichen Operationen via Internet ein Gebot der Stunde ist. Internet steht für Kreativität, Schnelligkeit, Modernität und Kosteneffizienz - wenn es richtig und gekonnt eingesetzt wird. Gelingt letzteres nicht, kann Internet schnell zu Zweifeln, Langeweile und Übersättigung führen."
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Krumbiegel, Klaus. "Regional-ONline-AG". Josef Eul Verlag GmbH, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29845.
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aus der Einleitung:
"Innerhalb des letzten Jahres hat sich der Anteil der Internet-Teilnehmer unter den sächsischen klein- und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) annähernd verdoppelt, wofür es eine Vielzahl von Beweggründen gibt. Sicher spielt dabei die Kostendegression bei Installation und Betrieb eines eigenen Anschlusses eine wichtige Rolle. Gleichwohl wird eine solche Investitionsentscheidung auch bei niedrigerem Preisniveau der Priorität des erzielbaren Nutzens folgen - im konkreten Fall also der Überzeugung, dass die Realisierung von geschäftlichen Operationen via Internet ein Gebot der Stunde ist. Internet steht für Kreativität, Schnelligkeit, Modernität und Kosteneffizienz - wenn es richtig und gekonnt eingesetzt wird. Gelingt letzteres nicht, kann Internet schnell zu Zweifeln, Langeweile und Übersättigung führen."
8
Decreton, Alexandre. "Contribution expérimentale à l'étude thermodynamique des systèmes Ag-Zr et Ag-Cd-In". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4312.
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En cas d’accident grave dans un réacteur nucléaire à eau sous pression, l’alliage absorbant Ag-Cd-In est susceptible d’interagir à haute température avec leurs tubes guides en zircaloy. L’étude thermodynamique du liquide et des équilibres impliquant cette phase dans les systèmes Ag-Zr et Ag-Cd-In est une étape pour une estimation des relâchements de produits de fission. Le système Ag-Zr est difficile à étudier en raison de la réactivité du zirconium, à l’état liquide et avec l’oxygène, et de la difficulté à atteindre l’équilibre et enfin car les stabilités des phases intermédiaires AgZr et AgZr2 sont faibles. Après la mise en place de protocoles expérimentaux, les réactions invariantes du système sont établies en couplant l’analyse thermique différentielle avec des caractérisations par MEB. Un diagramme de phases Ag-Zr est proposé. Des mesures de calorimétrie de dissolution en bain aluminium sont effectuées à 723°C dans le but de déterminer l’enthalpie de formation de AgZr et AgZr2. Les résultats montrent la difficulté de dissoudre le zirconium dans l’aluminium liquide. Un modèle est développé pour quantifier la cinétique de dissolution. L’enthalpie de formation de AgZr est déterminée par calorimétrie de dissolution en bain acide à 25°C. L’extension dans le diagramme Ag-In-Cd du domaine de stabilité de la phase liquide est précisée en combinant une méthode isotherme de recuit et trempe d’échantillons biphasés solide/liquide avec la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage . La cohérence de ces nouveaux résultats entre eux et avec les données de la littérature est testée par le biais d’une optimisation thermodynamique suivant la méthode CALPHADDuring a severe accident in a Pressurized Water Reactor, the Ag-In-Cd absorbing alloy is likely to interact at a high temperature with their guide tubes or with the fuel rod cladding, both in Zry. The thermodynamic study of liquid phase and its equilibria in the Ag-Zr and Ag-Cd-In systems is a necessary step for an estimate of the fission product release and of the corium progression. The aim is to bring an experimental contribution to this thermodynamic study. The Ag-Zr system is difficult to study experimentally for various reasons. Zirconium, especially when liquid, is reactive with oxygen. Equilibria often prove difficult to reach. Last, the stabilities of AgZr and AgZr2 are low. After the establishment of experimental protocols, the invariant transformations of the system were established by coupling differential thermal analysis with characterization by metallography and scanning electron microscopy. A Ag-Zr phase diagram is proposed. Solution calorimetry measurements in an Al bath were performed at 723°C to determine the enthalpy of formation of AgZr and AgZr2. Results show the difficulty of dissolving solid zirconium in aluminum. A model was developed to quantify the dissolution kinetics. The formation enthalpy of AgZr was determined by solution calorimetry in an acid bath at 25°C. In the Ag-In-Cd system, the extension of the liquid phase stability domain is specified by combining an isothermal method of annealing and quenching of biphasic solid / liquid samples with differential scanning calorimetry. The consistency of the new results between them and compared to the literature has been tested by means of a thermodynamic optimization following the CALPHAD method
9
Adamiv, V. T., P. Yu Demchenko, R. M. Dutka, R. V. Gamernyk, Yu O. Kulyk y I. M. Teslyuk. "Determination of Sizes of Ag Nanoparticles in Glass Li2B4O7:Ag,Gd". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42610.
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Annealing in air and vacuum were obtained glass samples Li2B4O7:Ag,Gd with Ag NPs. Three methods: the half-width strip plasmon resonance, X-ray diffraction and Small-angle X-ray scattering, in these samples by size NPs Ag. Revealed that the size of NPs Ag, defined by half-widths plasmon resonance band much smaller than obtained by other methods. It is concluded that the methods of X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering give results closer to reality than the method plasmon resonance.
10
Доброжан, Олександр Анатолійович, Александр Анатольевич Доброжан, Oleksandr Anatoliiovych Dobrozhan, Анатолій Сергійович Опанасюк, Анатолий Сергеевич Опанасюк, Anatolii Serhiiovych Opanasiuk, Денис Ігорович Курбатов et al. "Thermoelectric properties of the colloidal Bi2S3-based nanocomposites". Thesis, Jadavpur University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65347.
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In this work we present the proof of the concept of the novel strategy to improve the thermoelectric
properties of Bi2S3based nanostructured bulk materials by blending the metallic nanoinclustions with
the semiconductor nanoparticles forming the nanocomposites (NCts). The obtained NCts were
composed of Bi2S3nanorods (length - 100 nm and width – 10 nm) and Ag nanoparticles (diameter - 2-
3 nm) synthesized by colloidal method. The morpohology, phase and chemical composition,
electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of NCts were investigated by using transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), 4-point probes
method and static dc-method. This strategy is the perspective way to improve the conversion
efficiency of others thermoelectric materials.
11
Wolf, Patricia. "Erfolgsmessung der Einführung von Wissensmanagement : eine Evaluationsstudie im Projekt "Knowledge Management" der Mercedes-Benz Pkw-Entwicklung der DaimlerChrysler AG /". Münster : Verl.-Haus Monsenstein und Vannerdat, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/37599713X.pdf.
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Mayer, Christoph. "Ag- und Ag-Cu-Lagerstätten in der Region Atacama, Nordchile : lagerstättenkundliche und geochemische Untersuchungen am Beispiel der Distrikte Chañarcillo (Ag-[Co-Ni-As]) und El Jardín (Ag-Cu) /". Heidelberg : [Ruprecht-Karls-Universität], 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374298971.
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Bastys, Vytautas. "Nanofotoninių Ag darinių struktūrinės ir optinės savybės". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050615_231109-98667.
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I used light to transform a colloidal solution of spherical silver nanoparticles into larger triangular nanoparticles. The particle size and shape can be controlled by choosing the wavelength(s) of light used to drive the photochemical growth. These findings suggest a new way of thinking about growth of nanoparticles in solution and show the exciting possibility that light can be used as a major control parameter in metallic nanoparticle growth reactions. I have used different colour transparent filters (red, green, dark green, blue) in photoreactor and with different wavelength (three different red and one green) LED’s in my experiments. I monitor the evolution of the reaction at regular intervals by means of a commercial UV/vis spectrophotometer; the final products and some important intermediates are further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, 100 kV) and scaning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution was calculated using 100 or 200 particles from TEM pictures and using Image Tool software.
14
Reiner, Uwe-Henrik. "Alignment of Corporate Concept and Resource Allocations The Case of E.ON /". St. Gallen, 2004. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01666056001/$FILE/01666056001.pdf.
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Zellner, Gregor. "Leistungsprozesse im Kundenbeziehungsmanagement : Identifizierung und Modellierung für ausgewählte Kundentypen /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00089805.pdf.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Du Thu. "Marketingfallstudie zum Thema Kundenbindung Erfolgsfaktoren eines Kundenbindungsprogramms & kritische Evaluation des UBS KeyClub /". St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03602414001/$FILE/03602414001.pdf.
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Hegner, Pascale-Dominique. "Art as a branding tool A case study in the banking industry /". St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01656719002/$FILE/01656719002.pdf.
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Zimmermann, Frank. "Konzeptentwicklung für einen elektronischen Marktplatz der Marke Mercedes-Benz im Jahr 2005 /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9798072.
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Collin, Gerd. "Geschichte der Steinkohlenteerchemie am Beispiel der Rütgerswerke". Hamburg Wien Urban-Verl, 1999. http://d-nb.info/992703875/04.
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Lorenz, Bernd. "Literaturbericht 2007 / AG Dezimalklassifikationen". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200801495.
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David, Luís Pedro Figueiredo. "Equity Research - Adidas AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13070.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste relatório contém a avaliação da Adidas AG. Elaborado de acordo com a Dissertação de Trabalho Final do Programa de Mestrado em Finanças do ISEG, este estudo de avaliação segue as recomendações do CFA Institute. As informações aqui contidas foram compiladas a partir de fontes públicas sobre Adidas AG em 10 de abril de 2015. Dito isto, o relatório não leva em consideração quaisquer eventos ou circunstâncias que tenham surgido após esta data. O preço-alvo foi obtido combinando o "Discounted Cash Flow" (DCF) e o "Comparable Company Multiple Pricing" com pesos iguais. As premissas consideradas para este estudo foram formuladas usando tanto os dados históricos divulgados publicamente pela empresa, bem como de bases de dados, como a Bloomberg L.P. e a Thomson Reuters DataStream. Com um preço alvo de €142 e um potencial de valorização de 83,9% face ao atual preço, a recomendação para a Adidas AG é de "COMPRA".
This report contains the valuation of Adidas AG. Elaborated in accordance with ISEG's Finance Final Work Thesis, this Equity Research follows the format of a research report recommended by the CFA Institute. The information contained herein has been compiled from public sources on Adidas AG on April 10th, 2015. Hence, the report does not take into consideration any events or circumstances which have arisen after this date. The target price was obtained by combining the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the Comparable Company Multiple Pricing with equal weights. The assumptions considered for this study were formulated using both the historical data publicly disclosed by the company, as well as data from several sources, such as Bloomberg L.P. and Thomson Reuters DataStream. With a target price of €142 and an upside potential of 83.9% from current stock price, I issue a BUY recommendation for Adidas AG.
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Rodrigues, Bernardo Gonçalves Jerónimo. "Equity research - Daimler AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14599.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objetivo primordial desta equity research visa analisar o valor justo, a eficiência de mercado e o comportamento futuro das ações da Daimler AG. Para tal o relatório anual de 2015 e 2016 foi detalhadamente analisado e, paralelamente, foi tido em conta um resumo histórico de 10 anos de diversas variáveis dentro das tabelas financeiras e contabilísticas empresariais. Desta forma qualquer assumption terá por base um cenário equilibrado dentro do período estimado, consequentemente visa uma avaliação realista em prol duma avaliação negativa e/ou pessimista. Dentro da revisão de literatura dois modelos surgiram como os mais indicados, isto é, o Discounted Cash-Flow e a Relative valuation como seu complemento. Ambos permitiram extrapolar a mesma conclusão, ainda que com valores distintos, ou seja, inferem que a Daimler está subvalorizada, pelo que uma recomendação de compra é dada como a última conclusão.
The aim throughout this equity research is to estimate a fair value and prospectus for Daimler's stock valuation and potential investors' behaviour. To do that not only was Daimler´s annual report of 2016 and 2015 analysed, but also the industry in which Daimler operates was thoroughly dissected. Moreover, given the methodologies that one might use and taking in account the enterprise's context two major models were underlined: Discounted Cash-Flow Model and the Relative Valuation. These complement each other and allowed a more reliable conclusion. This last one was similar in both models, which pointed out an undervaluation for Daimler stock, thus a buy recommendation. To reach this a ten-year historical summary were assessed, hence allowing the most realistic scenario with proper assumptions for the forecasted period.
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Tomás, Pedro Almeida Figueiredo. "Equity research – BMW AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16939.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste projeto aborda uma extensa e detalhada avaliação da BMW AG, obedecendo à estrutura de Trabalho Final de Mestrado, neste caso projeto, do Mestrado de Finanças do ISEG. O relatório foi escrito tendo conta as recomendações do Instituto CFA.
This project represents a detailed evaluation of BMW AG, guided by the structure of ISEG's Master in Finance final work project. This equity report was written according to CFA Institute's recommendations. The reason behind choosing BMW AG lies on my personnel interest on auto industry and the curiosity to analyze how the reality of it is changing nowadays. This report was written in accordance with the public information available on August 30, 2018, and any information or event subsequent to this specific date will not be reflected on this valuation.
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Lopes, Miguel Gomes Esteves Cristo. "Equity research - Continental AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19180.
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Mestrado em FinançasO seguinte trabalho final de mestrado faz uma avaliação da empresa Continental AG, baseada apenas em informação publica até 24 de abril 2019. Esta avaliação segue o formato recomendado pelo CFA institute. A Continental AG é um dos líderes de mercado na indústria dos pneus e do equipamento original automóvel. Foi fundada em 1871 em Hanover, Alemanha, como resultado de uma fusão entre Continental-Caoutchouc e Gutta-Percha Compagnie, e, hoje é a empresa mãe do grupo Continental. Esta avaliação realizou uma análise intrínseca do valor da empresa, baseada no método de fluxos de caixa atualizados, através da perspetiva dos fluxos de caixa para a empresa, suportada por uma avaliação relativa e coerente com o consenso da Reuters. O preço alvo final é de €167.4/ação para a empresa Continental no final do ano de 2019 e a respetiva recomendação é de manter, baseada num potencial de subida de 9% comparado com o preço da ação em 24 de abril 2019 e num perfil de risco médio.
The following project is a valuation of the company Continental AG, based solely in public information until the 24th of April 2019. It follows the format recommend by the CFA institute. Continental AG is one of the global players in the tyre and automotive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) industries. It was founded in 1871 in Hanover, Germany, as result of a merger between Continental-Caoutchouc and Gutta-Percha Compagnie, and, today is the parent company of the Continental group. This valuation derived from an intrinsic valuation, based in a Discounted Cash Flow (DFC) method through a Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) perspective, supported by a relative valuation and coherent with the Reuters consensus. The final target price is €167.45/sh for Continental at 2019YE and a respective HOLD recommendation, based on a upside potential of 9% compared to Continental share price at 24th of April 2019 and a medium risk profile.
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Silva, Eduardo Figueiredo Faria da. "Equity research - Adidas AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19245.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste relatório centra-se na avaliação da Adidas AG, que foi elaborado de acordo com o Trabalho Final de Mestrado do Master in Finance. Este Equity Research segue a estrutura de um reporte de research recomendado pelo CFA Institute. Esta nota de research foi preparada com base na informação pública disponibilizada pela Adidas com referência a 31 de Dezembro de 2018. Assim, este reporte não comtempla eventos que possam ter ocorrido após essa data. Para chegar ao preço alvo para a empresa, o método escolhido foi o Discounted Cash Flow e a Avaliação Relativa, através de múltiplos de empresas concorrentes. O Price target obtido foi de 284.61€. Esta avaliação resulta numa recomendação de Manter. É considerada de risco médio uma vez que apesar da Adidas ser uma das duas grandes empresas desta indústria, o desaceleramento da economia surge como um potencial risco.
This report is about a valuation of Adidas AG, elaborated in according with ISEG's Finance Master's Final Work. This Equity Research follows the structure of a research report recommend by the CFA Institute. The research note was prepared based on the information publicly disclosed by Adidas AG with reference to December 31st, 2018. Therefore, this report does not contemplate any events that may have occurred after this date. To obtain the Target price of the company, the method chosen was the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the Relative Valuation through the multiples of peer companies. The price target reached was 284.61€. This valuation results in a Hold recommendation. It is considered of medium risk since, despite Adidas being one of the two big companies in this industry, the deceleration of the economy appears as a potential risk.
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Sotomayor, Frederico Brito da Costa Barbosa de. "Equity research - Daimler AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19325.
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Mestrado em FinançasA Daimler AG é uma empresa alemã internacional que opera sobre a indústria automóvel, sendo a maior fabricante de camiões no mundo e a décima maior em automóveis de passeiros. A empresa ocupa uma posição líder no mundo como marca premium de automóveis com vendas de 3,37 milhões de veículos em 2018. O objetivo deste projeto é avaliar o valor das ações da Daimler AG e calcular o valor da empresa, obedecendo à estrutura e recomendações do CFA Institute. O motivo pela escolha da empresa deve se ao interesse pela indústria automóvel assim como pela curiosidade ganha aquando uma breve experiência profissional na mesma. Este relatório foi elaborado a 30 de julho de 2019 de acordo com informação pública, na medida em que, qualquer informação disponibilizada após esta data de referência não estará considerada na avaliação.
Daimler AG is an international German company that operates on the automotive industry, being a worldwide leader in manufacturing trucks and the tenth in passenger cars. The company is a world leader as a premium brand with sales accounting for 3,37 million of vehicles in 2018. The main objective of this project is to evaluate Daimler AG shares and calculate the company value, according to the structure and recommendations of CFA Institute. The reason behind the choice of this company is mainly justified by my interest in the automotive industry as well as the curiosity obtain by a brief work experience in this company. This report was written on July 30th, 2019, in accordance with public information, meaning that any information available after this reference date will not be considered on this valuation.
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Frade, Daniel Vinicio Morais. "Equity research - Adidas AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20429.
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Mestrado em FinançasO projeto presente foi realizado de acordo com o projeto de trabalho final do programa de Mestrado de Finanças do ISEG, o mesmo constitui uma representação extensiva da avaliação da Adidas AG. Tendo como base as recomendações do CFA Institute. O motivo que estimulou a escolha da Adidas deveu-se ao interesse no recente crescimento considerável da marca, sendo nos últimos 3 anos o seu preço por ação quadruplicou. Este relatório foi feito tendo em conta a informação pública disponível a 1 de Outubro de 2018, pelo que qualquer informação posterior não foi considerada. O preço por ação definido como alvo através deste projeto para a Adidas é de €266,61 a 1 de Outubro de 2018, sendo expectável que a empresa alcance este valor até ao final de 2019. O valor alcançado teve por base o método de Fluxos de Caixa Descontados, a recomendação deste projeto é de compra dado que o valor apresentado representa um potencial de valorização de 30,07% um valor que embora seja inferior ao aumento registado nos anos passados, continua a ser um valor atrativo.
This project was done with the goal to obtain an extensive evaluation of Adidas AG, having into consideration the recommendations of the CFA Institute, made according to ISEG's Master in Finance final work project. The reason behind the decision to choose Adidas was due to my curiosity about the brand recent growth acceleration and how its share value quadruplicated in 3 years. This report was written having into consideration the information available until 1th October, 2018, disregarding any information following this date. The procedure used to reach the target price was the Discounted Cash Flow method, achieving a target price of €266,61 at 1st of October, 2018 representing an upside potential of 30,07%. My recommendation is to Buy, the momentum growth of Adidas is still on growing even though not as strong as in the past years it is still a reliable investment.
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Varela, Afonso Girão. "Equity research - Adidas AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20811.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste relatório consiste numa avaliação do preço por ação da Adidas AG para o final de 2020FY, de acordo com o projeto final do Mestrado em Finanças do ISEG. Este relatório tem por base pressupostos que considero aceitáveis para o período até 2024FY, sendo que as projeções foram baseadas na performance recente da Adidas, desenvolvimento da industria de desporto, assim como o desenvolvimento da economia mundial. O relatório está apresentado de acordo com o formato recomendado pelo CFA Institute. O preço-alvo foi obtido através aplicação do método de avaliação absoluto do Discounted Cash Flow, assim como um método de avaliação relativa, denominado método dos Múltiplos de Mercado. Para este método foram utilizados os múltiplos EV/EBITDA, P/E Ratio e EV/SALES. A recomendação final a que se chegou para a Adidas AG é de REDUCE, com um preço alvo de 279,08 euros que representa um potencial de valorização de 0,97 %, face ao preço atual de 276,40 euros por ação, no dia 16 Novembro de 2020. Este valor foi obtido através da aplicação de uma média dos preços alvo obtidos através do método DCF e do método de avaliação relativa. Considerámos que a empresa possui risco médio visto que, apesar da Adidas já ser uma empresa estabelecida no mercado, está bastante dependente da evolução da economia mundial.
This report consists of an assessment of the price per share of Adidas AG for the end of 2020, according to the ISEG's Master's in Finance final work. This report is based on assumptions that I consider acceptable for the period until 2024FY, with projections being based on Adidas' recent performance, the development of the sporting goods industry as well as the development of the world economy. The report is presented in accordance with the format recommended by the CFA Institute. The target price was obtained by applying a Discounted Cash Flow absolute valuation method, as well as a Relative Valuation method, denominated Market Multiples approach. For this method the EV/EBITDA, P/E Ratio and EV/SALES were used. The final recommendation reached for Adidas AG is REDUCE, with a target price of 279,08 euros which represents an upside potential valuation of 0,97%, compared to the current market price of 276,40 euros per share on 16th November 2020. This value was obtained by applying a simple average of the price targets obtained through the DCF method and Relative Valuation. We considered that the company has medium risk, since although Adidas is already an established company in the market, it is always heavily dependent on the evolution of the world economy.
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Biguereau, Edouard. "Frittage conventionnel et par induction de composites à base d'argent pour les disjoncteurs de puissance". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI119.
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L’amélioration des procédés de fabrication de matériaux de contacts électriques à base d’argent nécessite de mieux comprendre et maîtriser les mécanismes mis en jeu lors du frittage. Ce travail a pour objectif d’identifier et d’expliquer l’influence des paramètres d’élaboration des composites Ag-C-Ni et Ag-WC sur les mécanismes de frittage et les propriétés finales dans le cas d’un frittage conventionnel et par induction.La démarche expérimentale adoptée a consisté à réaliser en parallèle des essais de frittage conventionnel dans un dilatomètre permettant le suivi en continu de la déformation et dans un dispositif de chauffage par induction permettant d’obtenir des vitesses de chauffage élevées. Un intérêt particulier a d’abord été porté à l’influence de la poudre d’argent (morphologie et taux d’impuretés) afin d’identifier les mécanismes de densification de l’argent pur, avant d’étudier l’influence des poudres de renfort (nature, teneur et taille) sur le frittage des composites.L’analyse des résultats de ces essais de frittage a permis de montrer que des phénomènes de gonflement et de densification sont en compétition lors du chauffage. Nous avons déterminé, d’une part, que le gonflement pendant le frittage est le résultat d’un fluage local sous l’effet de la pression à l’intérieur de la porosité fermée, d’autre part, que celui-ci est influencé par la présence et la nature des renforts qui modifient la morphologie et la répartition de la porosité. Quant à la densification elle est induite par les mécanismes classiques de frittage.Enfin nous avons montré que le chauffage rapide par induction, en ne laissant pas assez de temps aux mécanismes de diffusion à longue distance, permet de favoriser les mécanismes de diffusion à courte distance comme la soudure des particules au détriment des mécanismes de densification liés à une diffusion à longue distance. Dans le cas de l’argent et des composites Ag-C-Ni, le frittage par induction permet donc d’atteindre une bonne consolidation avec un gonflement moindre qu’en frittage conventionnel, et d’obtenir ainsi de meilleures propriétésImproving the manufacturing of the silver-based electrical contacts requires a better understanding and control of specific mechanisms involved during sintering. This work aims at identifying and explaining the effect of composition and process parameters on sintering mechanisms and final properties of Ag-C-Ni and Ag-WC composites in conventional and induction sintering.Sintering experiments have been carried out in a conventional way in a dilatometer allowing for a continuous monitoring of deformation and in an induction heating device allowing for high heating rates. In a first step, we focused on silver powder parameters (morphology and impurity content) to identify the densification mechanisms involved during pure silver sintering. We then studied the effect of reinforcement powders (nature, amount and size) on the sintering of composites.The results of these experiments showed that swelling and densification phenomena are competing during heating. We have determined, on one hand, that the swelling observed during heating originates from the local creep induced by the pressure inside the closed porosity and, on the other hand, that this swelling is influenced by the presence and the nature of the reinforcements, which modify the morphology and distribution of pores. Meanwhile densification is induced by classical sintering mechanisms.Finally we have shown that fast induction heating does not allow enough time for long-distance diffusion mechanisms and thus favors short-distance diffusion mechanisms, in particular interparticle bonding, in comparison with densification and swelling mechanisms, which are associated to long-distance diffusion. In the case of pure silver and Ag-C-Ni composites, induction sintering therefore enables good consolidation with less swelling than conventional sintering, resulting in better final properties
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Weisheit, Martin. "Rauhigkeit und Durchmischung der Grenzflächen in laserdeponierten Cu-Ag- und Fe-Ag-Schichtsystemen". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967105102.
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Shen, Mingmin. "Sulfur adsorption, structure, and effects on coarsening on Ag(111) and Ag(100)". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3389146.
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Decreton, Alexandre. "Contribution expérimentale à l'étude thermodynamique des systèmes Ag-Zr et Ag-Cd-In". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4312.
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En cas d’accident grave dans un réacteur nucléaire à eau sous pression, l’alliage absorbant Ag-Cd-In est susceptible d’interagir à haute température avec leurs tubes guides en zircaloy. L’étude thermodynamique du liquide et des équilibres impliquant cette phase dans les systèmes Ag-Zr et Ag-Cd-In est une étape pour une estimation des relâchements de produits de fission. Le système Ag-Zr est difficile à étudier en raison de la réactivité du zirconium, à l’état liquide et avec l’oxygène, et de la difficulté à atteindre l’équilibre et enfin car les stabilités des phases intermédiaires AgZr et AgZr2 sont faibles. Après la mise en place de protocoles expérimentaux, les réactions invariantes du système sont établies en couplant l’analyse thermique différentielle avec des caractérisations par MEB. Un diagramme de phases Ag-Zr est proposé. Des mesures de calorimétrie de dissolution en bain aluminium sont effectuées à 723°C dans le but de déterminer l’enthalpie de formation de AgZr et AgZr2. Les résultats montrent la difficulté de dissoudre le zirconium dans l’aluminium liquide. Un modèle est développé pour quantifier la cinétique de dissolution. L’enthalpie de formation de AgZr est déterminée par calorimétrie de dissolution en bain acide à 25°C. L’extension dans le diagramme Ag-In-Cd du domaine de stabilité de la phase liquide est précisée en combinant une méthode isotherme de recuit et trempe d’échantillons biphasés solide/liquide avec la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage . La cohérence de ces nouveaux résultats entre eux et avec les données de la littérature est testée par le biais d’une optimisation thermodynamique suivant la méthode CALPHADDuring a severe accident in a Pressurized Water Reactor, the Ag-In-Cd absorbing alloy is likely to interact at a high temperature with their guide tubes or with the fuel rod cladding, both in Zry. The thermodynamic study of liquid phase and its equilibria in the Ag-Zr and Ag-Cd-In systems is a necessary step for an estimate of the fission product release and of the corium progression. The aim is to bring an experimental contribution to this thermodynamic study. The Ag-Zr system is difficult to study experimentally for various reasons. Zirconium, especially when liquid, is reactive with oxygen. Equilibria often prove difficult to reach. Last, the stabilities of AgZr and AgZr2 are low. After the establishment of experimental protocols, the invariant transformations of the system were established by coupling differential thermal analysis with characterization by metallography and scanning electron microscopy. A Ag-Zr phase diagram is proposed. Solution calorimetry measurements in an Al bath were performed at 723°C to determine the enthalpy of formation of AgZr and AgZr2. Results show the difficulty of dissolving solid zirconium in aluminum. A model was developed to quantify the dissolution kinetics. The formation enthalpy of AgZr was determined by solution calorimetry in an acid bath at 25°C. In the Ag-In-Cd system, the extension of the liquid phase stability domain is specified by combining an isothermal method of annealing and quenching of biphasic solid / liquid samples with differential scanning calorimetry. The consistency of the new results between them and compared to the literature has been tested by means of a thermodynamic optimization following the CALPHAD method
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Schieffer, Philippe. "Epitaxie du Mn sur Ag(100) : alliage de surface, instabilité et blocage cinétique de structures idéales du type Mn/Ag(100) et Ag/Mn/Ag(100) dans le domaine de la monocouche". Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0473.
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Nous avons étudié la croissance du Mn sur un substrat Ag(100) pour des recouvrements allant jusqu'à 15 monocouches (MC). Les films de Mn sont déposés sous ultravide dans la gamme des températures comprises entre 80 et 450K. Les techniques d'analyse utilisées sont la photoémission angulaire, la diffraction de photoélectrons et d'électrons lents, la spectroscopie de diffusion d'ions et l'absorption des rayons X. Nous avons montré que jusqu'à 15MC et à température ambiante (T. A. ) Le Mn s'épitaxie et croit de manière pseudomorphe sur Ag(100). Pour les recouvrements supérieurs à 2MC le Mn adopte une structure tétragonale centrée. Sous 2MC, les atomes de Mn se trouvent dans un environnement cubique faces centrées avec le paramètre de réseau de l'Ag. De plus, pour les bas recouvrements (0-1,5MC) les atomes de Mn forment avec les atomes d'Ag un alliage substitutionnel épitaxique AgxMn1-x de deux monocouches d'épaisseur qui prolonge le réseau cfc du substrat Ag(100). Cependant, autour de la température ambiante l'interface Mn/Ag(100) se révèle instable au cours du temps : le système évolue vers une structure du type une monocouche de Mn recouverte par une monocouche d'Ag. Nous démontrons que la formation de cet alliage superficiel et l'instabilité sont dues à des processus d'échange atomique thermiquement actives. Ensuite, tirant profit des mécanismes cinétiques et énergétiques que nous avons identifiés, nous avons réussi à stabiliser une monocouche de Mn plane au-dessus de Ag(100) et une monocouche de Mn inversée : dans ces deux structures idéales les atomes de Mn adoptent un fort moment magnétique (4 magnétons de Bohr). Enfin, la monocouche de Mn au-dessus du substrat présente un diagramme de diffraction d'électrons lents qui a toutes les caractéristiques d'un arrangement antiferromagnétique c(2x2) dans le plan qu'on ne retrouve pas pour la monocouche de Mn inversée, tout du moins pour les températures supérieures à 80K.
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Maia, Neto Alfredo dos Santos [UNESP]. "Estudo da cinética de precipitação de Ag na liga Cu-7% Al-4% Ag". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97745.
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maianeto_as_me_araiq.pdf: 907997 bytes, checksum: 246ee7468bbd3c17dd5762fc7651b5eb (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho, foi feito um estudo da cinética de precipitação da fase rica em prata, na liga Cu-7%Al-4%Ag, em peso, utilizando-se o modelo cinético isotérmico de Johnson-Mehl-Avrami e os modelos cinéticos nãoisotérmicos de Kissinger e Ozawa. A reação de precipitação da fase rica em prata foi acompanhada por medidas de variação da microdureza da liga com a temperatura de têmpera e o tempo de envelhecimento, e também por medidas de dilatometria. As fases presentes nas diversas temperaturas e tempos considerados, foram identificadas e caracterizadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, análise por dispersão de energias de raios X e por difratometria de raios X. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a formação dos precipitados ricos em prata corresponde a um processo controlado por difusão da prata nos contornos de grão da matriz, no intervalo de temperaturas de 400 a 600 oC. O cálculo da energia de ativação para a formação dos precipitados, utilizando-se a equação de Johnson-Mehl-Avrami, forneceu um valor bastante próximo daquele encontrado na literatura, confirmando que o processo é controlado pela difusão da prata. O valor da energia de ativação para o crescimento dos precipitados ricos em Ag, calculado a partir de um método que considera o inverso do tempo necessário para o precipitado atingir seu tamanho máximo como proporcional à taxa de crescimento, ficou próximo daquele obtido utilizando-se a equação de Johnson-Mehl-Avrami, indicando que esse método pode ser utilizado para o cálculo da energia de ativação do processo cinético. Os valores da energia de ativação associados ao processo de precipitação de Ag, obtidos por métodos não isotérmicos, ficaram razoavelmente próximos daqueles encontrados na literatura e os valores assim obtidos associados à solubilização de Ag foram maiores do que aqueles encontrados na literatura...
In this work, the Ag-rich phase precipitation kinetics in the Cu-7wt.%Al-4wt.%Ag alloy, was studied using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami isothermal kinetic model and the Kissinger and Ozawa non-isothermal kinetic models. The Ag-rich phase precipitation reaction was followed by microhardness changes measurements with quenching temperature and with aging time, and also by dilatometric measurements. The identification and characterization of the phases present at the considered temperatures and times were made by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The results showed that the Ag-rich precipitates formation corresponds to a diffusion controlled process at the matrix grain boundaries, in the temperatures range from 400 to 600 oC. The activation energy value for the precipitates formation, calculated using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation, is close to that found in the literature, thus confirming that the process is diffusion controlled. The activation energy value for the growing of Ag-rich precipitates, obtained considering that the inverse of the time to reach the precipitates maximum size is proportional to the growing rate, is close to that found using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation, indicating that this method is useful to evaluate the activation energy for the kinetic process. The activation energy values obtained by non-isothermal methods and associated to the precipitation process were very close to those found in the literature, and the values associated to Ag dissolution were greater than those reported in the literature. This discrepancy may be associated to the presence of Al, and the Al-Ag interaction may be disturbing the diffusion process.
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Misaelides, P. [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung der Anregungsfunktionen fuer ³He- und α-Reaktionen mit ¹⁰⁷Ag und ¹⁰⁹Ag / P. Misaelides". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1187933147/34.
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APARICIO, VAZQUEZ SANDRA 408893 y VAZQUEZ SANDRA APARICIO. "Desinfección de agua de composición química diversa a base de clinoptilolita-Ag (Ag+/Ago)". Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/80024.
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El objetivo general de este trabajo fue evaluar la desinfección de agua destilada con microorganismos suspendidos y de pozo artesanal empleando clinoptilolita-Ag (Ag+ o Ag°) en términos de eficiencia de inhibición de E. coli ATCC 8739 y coliformes (considerados como microorganismos indicadores de contaminación fecal). Así como investigar los mecanismos de desorción de Ag al medio acuoso a partir de la estructura cristalina zeolítica. En esta investigación se profundizó en los métodos de síntesis para la obtención de nanopartículas de Ag (NpsAg) soportadas en zeolita y cómo ello afecta las propiedades microbicidas de los agentes desinfectantes obtenidos. Para la modificación de las zeolitas naturales con Ag se utilizaron las siguientes variables: i) exposición a la luz vs. oscuridad (efecto de fotorreducción); ii) intercambio iónico a temperatura ambiente (17°C) vs. reflujo y calentamiento constante (91°C); iii) tipo de reductor empleado (rayos gamma 60Co vs. NaBH4); y iv) concentración de Ag (0.01, 0.1 y 0.3 M AgNO3). Considerado los parámetros anteriores, se acondicionó un lote 1. Posteriormente, tomando en cuenta las mejores condiciones experimentales para la síntesis de NpsAg se acondicionó un lote 2. Para el acondicionamiento del lote 2 se seleccionó un reflujo y calentamiento constante a 91°C, irradiación gamma con 60Co, NaBH4 y una concentración de 0.1 M AgNO3. Todos los materiales zeolíticos se caracterizaron por microscopia de barrido (MEB) y espectroscopia de energía dispersiva de rayos-X (EDS), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET), difracción de rayos-X (DRX), espectroscopia UV-Visible, área superficial específica por la técnica de BET multipuntos y análisis por activación neutrónica (AAN). Posteriormente a la caracterización, se evaluó la inhibición de células Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México ‒ Doctorado en Ciencias del Agua II bacterianas en sistema de batch y flujo continuo tanto en agua destilada como en agua de pozo. En los experimentos en sistema de batch en agua destilada, se encontró que las muestras zeolíticas acondicionadas con AgNO3 a 17°C llevan a cabo la desorción rápida de la especie metálica, en comparación con las muestras tratadas con reflujo a 91°C. También se observó, que la constante de decaimiento celular y la velocidad de desorción de Ag son mayores en las zeolitas con Ag iónica, seguida de las muestras irradiadas con 60Co. Y finalmente, los materiales zeolíticos con Ag reducida químicamente (NaBH4), llevan a cabo la mortandad bacteriana en tiempos prolongados, debido a las bajas constantes de liberación de Ag. Es decir la irradiación con 60Co promueve la reducción de la Ag+ a Ago, en las muestras zeolíticas acondicionadas con AgNO3. Sin embargo, el NaBH4 es más efectivo en la reducción de Ago que la irradiación gamma. También se analizó la cinética de desorción de Ag desde la matriz cristalina de la zeolita. Los datos experimentales se ajustaron a los modelos de Higuchi y Korsmeyer-Peppas, ya que tienen en cuenta fenómenos de difusión. Por lo que se propone, que la Ag es liberada mediante un fenómeno de difusión que sigue la Ley de Fick, y se lleva a cabo a través de los poros o canales que constituyen la estructura de la zeolita. Bajo las condiciones experimentales utilizadas se encontró que la desorción de Ag es directamente proporcional a la inhibición de células microbianas. La desorción de Ag depende de: i) las características fisicoquímicas del agua y ii) de la especie química de Ag. En sistema en flujo continuo en agua destilada hay un menor volumen de agua desinfectado (de 90 mL para la zeolita con Ag+ y 120 mL con la zeolita que contiene Ago por irradiación gamma), que en agua de pozo (de 150 mL, tanto con la zeolita con Ag+ como con la zeolita que contiene Ago por irradiación gamma). Esta respuesta está estrechamente relacionada a la desorción de Ag en el medio acuoso. La desorción de Ag en agua destilada es menor que en agua de pozo. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México ‒ Doctorado en Ciencias del Agua III En cuanto a la zeolita que contiene Ago obtenida por reducción con NaBH4, no se aprecia la curva de ruptura y por lo tanto, no se observó la desinfección de un determinado volumen de agua, tanto destilada como de pozo. Esto se debe a que el material zeolítico está conformado en su mayoría por Ag°, debido al acondicionamiento con NaBH4. La Ag° tiene menor movilidad en medio acuoso, por lo que hay una menor desorción de Ag0.Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares
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Maia, Neto Alfredo dos Santos. "Estudo da cinética de precipitação de Ag na liga Cu-7% Al-4% Ag /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97745.
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Orientador: Antonio Tallarico Vicente AdornoResumo: Neste trabalho, foi feito um estudo da cinética de precipitação da fase rica em prata, na liga Cu-7%Al-4%Ag, em peso, utilizando-se o modelo cinético isotérmico de Johnson-Mehl-Avrami e os modelos cinéticos nãoisotérmicos de Kissinger e Ozawa. A reação de precipitação da fase rica em prata foi acompanhada por medidas de variação da microdureza da liga com a temperatura de têmpera e o tempo de envelhecimento, e também por medidas de dilatometria. As fases presentes nas diversas temperaturas e tempos considerados, foram identificadas e caracterizadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, análise por dispersão de energias de raios X e por difratometria de raios X. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a formação dos precipitados ricos em prata corresponde a um processo controlado por difusão da prata nos contornos de grão da matriz, no intervalo de temperaturas de 400 a 600 oC. O cálculo da energia de ativação para a formação dos precipitados, utilizando-se a equação de Johnson-Mehl-Avrami, forneceu um valor bastante próximo daquele encontrado na literatura, confirmando que o processo é controlado pela difusão da prata. O valor da energia de ativação para o crescimento dos precipitados ricos em Ag, calculado a partir de um método que considera o inverso do tempo necessário para o precipitado atingir seu tamanho máximo como proporcional à taxa de crescimento, ficou próximo daquele obtido utilizando-se a equação de Johnson-Mehl-Avrami, indicando que esse método pode ser utilizado para o cálculo da energia de ativação do processo cinético. Os valores da energia de ativação associados ao processo de precipitação de Ag, obtidos por métodos não isotérmicos, ficaram razoavelmente próximos daqueles encontrados na literatura e os valores assim obtidos associados à solubilização de Ag foram maiores do que aqueles encontrados na literatura...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this work, the Ag-rich phase precipitation kinetics in the Cu-7wt.%Al-4wt.%Ag alloy, was studied using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami isothermal kinetic model and the Kissinger and Ozawa non-isothermal kinetic models. The Ag-rich phase precipitation reaction was followed by microhardness changes measurements with quenching temperature and with aging time, and also by dilatometric measurements. The identification and characterization of the phases present at the considered temperatures and times were made by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The results showed that the Ag-rich precipitates formation corresponds to a diffusion controlled process at the matrix grain boundaries, in the temperatures range from 400 to 600 oC. The activation energy value for the precipitates formation, calculated using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation, is close to that found in the literature, thus confirming that the process is diffusion controlled. The activation energy value for the growing of Ag-rich precipitates, obtained considering that the inverse of the time to reach the precipitates maximum size is proportional to the growing rate, is close to that found using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation, indicating that this method is useful to evaluate the activation energy for the kinetic process. The activation energy values obtained by non-isothermal methods and associated to the precipitation process were very close to those found in the literature, and the values associated to Ag dissolution were greater than those reported in the literature. This discrepancy may be associated to the presence of Al, and the Al-Ag interaction may be disturbing the diffusion process.
Mestre
38
Lin, Chun-Sien. "The breakdown of Ag diffusion barrier in the model Cu-Ag-Ni diffusion triple /". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259580261377.
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Favero, Eduardo Rondelli. "Caracterização citogenetica de especies e populações de Pseudopaludicola (Leiuperidae, Anura)". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317990.
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Orientadores: Shirlei Maria Recco-Pimentel, Ana Cristina Prado Veiga-MenoncelloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O gênero Pseudopaludicola, pertencente à família Leiuperidae, compreende atualmente 12 espécies de rãs de pequeno tamanho, distribuídas pela América do Sul, sendo a ocorrência de oito delas foi relatada para o Brasil. Devido à grande semelhança morfológica entre espécies, algumas ocorrendo em simpatria, confusões taxonômicas são freqüentes. Alguns estudos morfológicos acerca deste gênero foram realizados, mas as relações de parentesco inter- e intragenéricas de Pseudopaludicola permanecem pouco esclarecidas. As poucas informações citogenéticas para o gênero Pseudopaludicola restringiam-se apenas à determinação do número de cromossomos e análise do cariótipo por métodos de coloração convencional. Para Pseudopaludicola falcipes, em especial, foi descrita uma variação intra-específica do número de cromossomos, de 2n=16 à 2n=20. O presente estudo visa contribuir com dados citogenéticos para a caracterização de espécies de Pseudopaludicola e para o entendimento dos processos envolvidos na evolução cariotípica do gênero. Foram analisados os cariótipos de exemplares de Pseudopaludicola falcipes, P. ameghini (sensu Cope, 1887) e P. mystacalis de suas respectivas localidades-tipo (região de Porto Alegre, RS e Chapada dos Guimarães, MT), de P. mystacalis e de P. ternetzi, de Uberlândia (MG), de Pseudopaludicola aff. falcipes I, II, III e IV, da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo (municípios de Santa Fé do Sul, Vitória Brasil, Palestina e Icém), de Pseudopaludicola aff. mystacalis I, II, III e IV, dos municípios de Icém (SP), Barreirinhas (MA) e Urbano Santos (MA) e Pseudopaludicola sp. 1, 2 e 3, sendo as duas primeiras provenientes de Poconé (MT) e a terceira de Santa Terezinha (MT). As metáfases foram obtidas de suspensões de células de epitélio intestinal e testículo, e coradas com Giemsa ou submetidas às técnicas impregnação por prata (Ag-NOR) para detecção de NOR e de bandamento C, para a localização de heterocromatina. Os dados obtidos revelaram uma variação interespecífica quanto ao número de cromossomos. Dentre os espécimes provenientes de Poconé, MT, havia dois cariótipos distintos, com 2n=22 e com 2n=16 cromossomos (Pseudopaludicola sp. 1 e 2) e os de Icém, SP, com indivíduos 2n=20 e 2n=16 cromossomos (Pseudopaludicola aff. mystacalis, respectivamente I e II). Pseudopaludicola falcipes e Pseudopaludicola sp.1, de Poconé, apresentaram 2n=22 e a NOR localizada na região pericentromérica do braço longo do par 8. Estas espécies diferiram, na morfologia da NOR, sendo heteromórfica em P. falcipes e homomórfica em Pseudopaludicola sp. 1, e na localização de algumas bandas heterocromáticas. Pseudopaludicola ameghini (sensu Cope, 1887), P. ternetzi e Pseudopaludicola aff. mystacalis I de Icém apresentaram 2n=20 cromossomos e a NOR localizada na região telomérica do braço longo do par 9. O cariótipo de P. ternetzi diferiu do de P. ameghini tanto pela classificação morfológica distinta do par 7 quanto pelo padrão de distribuição de heterocromatina. Pseudopaludicola mystacalis, bem como todos os espécimes de Pseudopaludicola aff. falcipes I, II, III e IV, Pseudopaludicola aff. mystacalis II, III e IV e Pseudopaludicola sp. 2 e 3 apresentaram 2n=16 cromossomos metacêntricos e submetacêntricos, com a NOR localizada na região pericentromérica do braço curto do par 4. Vários espécimes apresentaram um heteromorfismo de tamanho em relação aos homólogos do par 4 (morfo 4 e morfo 4'), alterando a classificação desse cromossomo para metacêntrico em algumas populações. Em P. mystacalis, P. aff. falcipes I, II, III e IV, P. aff. mystacalis II, III e IV e Pseudopaludicola sp 2 e 3 foram detectados blocos de heterocromatina fortemente marcados nas regiões pericentroméricas no braço curto do par 1 e longo do par 2. Os resultados obtidos mostram que P. ameghini (sensu Cope, 1887) com 2n=20 e P. mystacalis com 2n=16, são unidades taxonômicas distintas e que os espécimes tidos como Pseudopaludicola aff. falcipes) e como Pseudopaludicola sp. mostraram-se citogeneticamente relacionados à P. mystacalis e não à P. falcipes que possui 2n=22 cromossomos. Desta forma, os nossos dados sugerem a retirada de P. ameghini da sinonímia de P. mystacalis e reforçam a necessidade de uma revisão taxonômica no gênero.
Abstract: The genus Pseudopaludicola (family Leiuperidae) comprises 12 species of small sized frogs, which are widely distributed in South America. In Brazil, eight species are described within this genus, and several of them are sympatric. The relevant morphological similarities among the Pseudopaludicola species have contributed to the still poor understanding of many aspects of their taxonomy, including inter- and intrageneric relationships. Cytogenetic data on Pseudopaludicola have been restricted to karyotype analyses using conventional Giemsa staining. Variation in intraspecific chromosomal number was described in P. falcipes, ranging from 2n=16 to 2n=20. In the present work, Brazilian Pseudopaludicola species were submitted to cytogenetic analysis aiming at their further characterization and attempting to better understanding the karyotypical evolution of this genus. The analyzed species were Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Porto Alegre, RS), P. ameghini (sensu Cope, 1887) and P. mystacalis (Chapada dos Guimarães, MT), P. mystacalis and P. ternetzi (Uberlândia, MG), P. aff. falcipes I, II, III and IV (respectively from Santa Fé do Sul, Vitória Brasil, Palestina and Icém, SP), P. aff. mystacalis I, II, III and IV (Icém, SP, Barreirinhas, MA, and Urbano Santos, MA), and Pseudopaludicola sp. 1 and sp. 2 (Poconé, MT) and sp. 3 (Santa Terezinha, MT). Metaphases were obtained from suspensions of intestinal epithelium and testicular cells, and stained with Giemsa or submitted to silver staining technique in order to detect the nucleolus organizing regions (Ag-NOR), and C-banding, for heterochromatin localization. The results revealed interspecific chromosomal number variation. In the Pseudopaludicola sp. 1 and 2 specimens (Poconé MT), two distinct karyotypes were identified, respectively with 2n=22 and 2n=16 chromosomes. Within the Pseudopaludicola aff. mystacalis from Icém, SP, the analyzed specimens had 2n=20 and 2n=16 chromosomes, being nominated I and II, respectively. These data clearly indicated two criptic species of Pseudopaludicola within each of those two localities. The P. falcipes and Pseudopaludicola sp.1 (Poconé, MT) had 2n=22 and the NOR was located at the pericentromeric region in the long arm of the pair 8. The species differed in the NOR morphology, which was heteromorphic in P. falcipes and homomorphic in Pseudopaludicola sp.1, as well as in the localization of some C-bands. Pseudopaludicola ameghini (sensu Cope, 1887), P. ternetzi and Pseudopaludicola aff. mystacalis I (Icém, SP) had 2n=20 chromosomes and the NOR was located on the telomeric region in the long arm of the pair 9. The karyotypes of P. ternetzi and P. ameghini differed in the pair 7 morphology and in the heterochromatin distribution pattern. All analyzed specimens of P. mystacalis, P. aff. falcipes I, II, III and IV, P. aff. mystacalis II, III and IV, and Pseudopaludicola sp. 2 and 3, showed 2n=16 chromosomes, which were all metacentric and submetacentric, with the NOR located in the pericentromeric region of the short arm of the pair 4. In several of those specimens, the size heteromorphism of the pair 4 altered, from submetacentric to metacentric, the classification of one of the homologous of that pair. Strong pericentromeric C-bands were detected on the short arm of the pair 1 and on the long arm of the pair 2 in P. mystacalis, P. aff. falcipes I, II, III and IV, P. aff. mystacalis II, III and IV, and Pseudopaludicola sp. 2 and 3. As based on the cytogenetic data, P. ameghini (sensu Cope, 1887), with 2n = 20, and P. mystacalis, with 2n = 16, are distinct taxonomic units, and the specimens formerly identified as P. aff. falcipes and as Pseudopaludicola sp. were indeed cytogenetically closely related to P. mystacalis and not to P. falcipes, which has 2n = 22 chromosomes. Hence, our data suggest that P. ameghini is not a P. mystacalis synonymy and emphasize the importance of a taxonomic review of the genus Pseudopaludicola.
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
40
Engel, Robert. "Anlegerschutz in der "Unternehmer-AG" /". Hamburg : Kovač, 2008. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-3326-4.htm.
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Figueiredo, Luís Miguel Rocha Santos Palma de. "Equity research - Deutsche Lufthansa AG". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12679.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste projecto contêm uma avaliação detalhada da Deutsche Lufthansa AG, de acordo com o projecto de trabalho final do programa de Mestrado de Finanças do ISEG. Este relatório foi elaborado de acordo com as recomendações do CFA Institute. O motivo pela escolha da empresa deveu-se ao interesse na apresentação da Deutsche Lufthansa na viagem a Frankfurt conduzida pelo Mestrado de Finanças do ISEG e pelo gosto pela indústria aérea no geral. Este relatório foi elaborado de acordo com a informação pública disponível a 23 de Setembro de 2016, qualquer informação ou evento posterior a esta data não foi considerada. O preço-alvo foi obtido utilizando um método de avaliação absoluto, mais especificamente o método dos Fluxos de Caixa Descontados (DCF), complementado por um método de avaliação relativo, mais especificamente, o método dos múltiplos comparáveis. Com um preço-alvo de €14.43 no final de 2016, representando um potencial de valorização de 37.51% face ao preço corrente de €10.49, a nossa recomendação final para a Deutsche Lufthansa AG é de Compra, apesar dos riscos que possam ocorrer como o aumento do preço dos combustíveis ou o aumento do risco de mercado que podem afectar fortemente o preço-alvo. A nossa avaliação de risco estima um risco médio para a empresa.
This project contains a detailed evaluation of Deutsche Lufthansa AG, according to ISEG's Master in Finance final work project. This report was written in accordance with the recommendations of the CFA Institute. The reason for choosing the company was the interest in the presentation of Deutsche Lufthansa on the trip to Frankfurt conducted by ISEG master in finance, and the interest for the airline industry in general. This report was written in accordance with the public information available on September 23th, 2016, any information or event subsequent to this date has not been considered. The target price was obtained using an absolute valuation method, more specifically the method of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), complemented by a relative valuation method, more specifically, the method of Comparable Multiples. With a price target of €14.43 at the end of 2016, representing an upside potential of 37.51% from the current price of €10.49, our final recommendation for Deutsche Lufthansa AG is to Buy, despite the risks that may occur such as the increase in fuel prices or the increase in the market risk premium that can strongly affect the price target. Our risk assessment estimates a medium risk for the company.
N/A
42
Liu, Wei-Liang y 劉韋良. "Low Temperature Magnetic Proterties of Ag-Fe,Ag-Co,Ag-Ni Nanocrystalline Solid Solutions". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72701148171141312819.
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碩士大同工學院
材料工程研究所
87
The nanocrystalline Ag-Fe, Ag-Co and Ag-Ni solid solutions are prepared by the gas condensation method. The liquid quenching method cannot be used to form a nanocrystalline solid solution, because these systems are immiscible not only in the solid state, but also in the liquid state. In this study evaporate two elements to gas phases by heating source and then quench to liquid nitrogen temperature to form nanocrystalline solid solutions. The particle’s sizes of nanocrystalline solid solutions will be controlling by the chamber pressure. The solubility of nanocrystalline solid solution depends on that controlling the mean particle's sizes and the mole percentage of evaporating source elements. All of these nanocrystallines solid solutions will heating by different thermal treatment. The ferromagnetic materials systems magnetism is depend on the mean particle's sizes and solubility that will be discussed. Also, the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties will be analyzed and related to the microstuuctural changes produced during the thermal treatments. The change of lattice constant with the solubility will be discussion. The nanocrystallines solid solutions were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) and extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). The average compositions of the NC Ag-M (Fe, Co, Ni) system are analyzed by SEM/EDS is closed to the gross composition of the raw materials. From the data of DSC, we can obtain the temperature of Ag-M system. The NC Ag-Fe system is about 580℃, the NC Ag-Co system is about 400℃ and the NC Ag-Ni system is about 320℃. To realize the change of the magnetization (Ms) from room temperature to 5 k in these three NC solid solution and the change of remanence (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) in room temperature and 5k by SQUID. The data of EXAFS show that there are not different electronic states between NC Ag-Fe soilid solution and Fe.
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童鈞彥. "Synthesis and characterization of Ag-Fe, Ag-Co and Ag-Ni nanocrystalline solid solutions". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33897190666301549209.
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Chen, Chan-Yin y 陳建穎. "Hollow Ag-Au, Ag-Pt alloyed nanoparticles: synthesis". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43877168251032442506.
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Yeh, Chun-Sheng y 葉春生. "Hydrogen Separation of Ag Tube Coated with Pd-Ag Membrane". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42270201960340614046.
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碩士國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
90
Abstract Hydrogen is one of the most potential clean energies in the 21st century. Although it can be produced by solar light, electricity, etc., the purification process is still very costly step. To lower the cost and get higher purity and large amount of hydrogen, palladium-silver membrane supported on the porous substrate is used in hydrogen purification. The palladium-silver alloy membrane has been extensively studied in recent years due to the absence of α/β phase transition and embrittlement associated with hydrogen permeation. In addition to the application for ultra high purity hydrogen separation, it is also widely utilized in recovery or purification of hydrogen in petroleum industry, hydrogen reactor in fuel cells, and methane-steam reforming. In this study, silver powder agglomerate was used to prepare porous substrate. The porous silver substrate was obtained by uniaxial mechanical pressing and sintering at 350℃ in air for 1 hr. Prior to sputter deposition, the surface was modified by filling with Pd70Ag30 nanoparticles to reduce the pore size and cleaning with acetone to remove the residual particles. After the surface modification, a 5μm-thick Pd-Ag membrane was deposited on the surface by dc magnetron sputtering. For the tube substrate, the membrane was deposited with a rotating design. The surface and cross-section morphologies of the substrate and membrane were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The compositions of the membrane were calibrated by X-ray diffraction. Besides, the permeation rate of hydrogen at 250℃ was measured by a gas permeation apparatus. It was observed that cleaning surface with acetone was very important for the modification process. A dense and continuous Pd-Ag membrane could be uniformly prepared on the modified tube surface. A 5μm-thick membrane was successfully deposited on the 2cm-long silver tube surface. The maximum hydrogen pressure the tube membrane could support was 2.5 kg/cm2. The thermal stability and durability at different pressures was very good even after 48 cycles of test. The Sievert’s law was not obeyed in this study.
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Yen, Yee-wen y 顏怡文. "Phase Equilibria of the ternary Ag-Sn-Cu and Ag-Sn-Au systems, and interfacial reactions in Ag-Sn/Cu and Ag-Sn/Au couples". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08127430255592728429.
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博士國立清華大學
化學工程學系
91
Sn-Ag alloys are the most promising lead-free solders. Cu and Au are popular substrate materials. Experimental and CALPHAD methods have been carried out to investigate the phase equilibria of the Ag-Sn-Cu ternary system. Various Ag-Sn-Cu alloys were prepared to determine the isothermal sections of the Ag-Sn-Cu ternary system at 240 and 450℃. The results indicate that the e1 phase is a very stable phase in the Ag-Sn-Cu ternary system. Based on literature data, phase diagrams of three binary systems, Ag-Cu, Ag-Sn, Cu-Sn, Au-Sn, and Ag-Au, have been calculated by using CALPHAD methods. According to these binary thermodynamic models, the ternary thermodynamic models of the Ag-Sn-Cu and Ag-Au-Sn systems have been established. Owing to these ternary thermodynamic model, isothermal sections of the Ag-Sn-Cu system and stability diagrams about Cu and Sn elements at 240 and 450℃, and the Ag-Au-Sn system at 200 and 150 ℃ can been calculated. The stability diagrams of Au and Sn elements at 200 ℃ also can be calculated. The calculated results are reasonable and accepted when compared to experimental results. The e1 phase has the lowest value of Gibbs formation energy; this can explain why e1 phase is a very stable phase in the Ag-Sn-Cu ternary system. Several Ag-Sn alloys reacting with Cu or Au substrates have been examined by using reaction couples. The thickness of the reaction layers increased with higher temperature and longer reaction time. Their growth rates in all the couples followed the parabolic law. Based on the interfacial morphology in the reaction couples, the phase formation relationship and the concept of Kirkendall effect, it is concluded the Sn is the fastest diffusion species in these couples.
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Huang, Kuo-Len y 黃國連. "Layered AG Model". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18266439226877004783.
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碩士國立交通大學
資訊工程系
87
The trend of AG systems is toward object-oriented technology and multi-level description of AG specification. In the thesis, we present our approach for specifying semantics, named Layered AG Model, from the viewpoint of the AG writer. It allows for the AG writer to divide the semantic meaning into two layers, one for describing the detailed structure of AG specification and the other for describing the main structure. The first layer, named the AG dependent layer, adopts the action routine approach and a new remote access mechanism. The mechanism introduces an atribute set whose elements containing the production rule id so that the size of returned remote attribute sets can be reduced. The second layer, named the AG independent layer, provides a component view for specifying semantic meaning. The layer can also be used to transform a well-define object-oriented architecture into the TYPE-SET part (the function prototype) of the semantic domain of AG specification and let the FUNC-SET part (the implementation part) be the well-define object-oriented code.
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Bicho, Andreia. "Adidas AG - sportswear". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/38763.
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Kuo, Chun-Ting y 郭俊廷. "Study of fabrications, magnetic properties and microstructures of CoPt-SiNx /Ag films and CoPt-SiNx -Ag/Ag films". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43095154694110994529.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學研究所
96
The Ag under layers were deposited on naturally oxidized Si (100) wafer and glass substrates by dc magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Subsequently, SiNx, Ag and CoPt films were co-sputtered on the Ag films at room temperature to form five kinds of multilayer films：（a）CoPt/Ag,（b）CoPt-SiNx / Ag,（c）( SiNx / CoPt )9 / Ag,（d）( CoPt-SiNx / CoPt )9 / Ag, and（e）( CoPt-SiNx -Ag/ CoPt )9 / Ag. The effects of Ag underlayer thickness, annealing temperature and time, and the contents of SiNx and Ag, on the microstructure, magnetic properties, and easy axis orientation of these magnetic films were investigated. For the CoPt/Ag films, the ordering temperature of CoPt films could be decreased from 700°C to 600°C as the Ag underlayer was introduced beneath the CoPt films. The misfit between CoPt film and Ag underlayer cause the strain energy to provide the energy for fcc-CoPt film to transform from fcc-CoPt(001) to fct-CoPt(001) and fct-CoPt(002) phases. After annealing at 700°C for 30 minutes, the CoPt (16nm)/ Ag (30 nm) film shows the best perpendicular anisotropy, the out-of-plane coercivity (Hc⊥), in-plane coercivity (Hc//), saturation magnetization (Ms), out-of-plane squareness (S⊥), and in-plane squareness (S//) values of this film are 18 kOe, 12.2 kOe, 388 emu/cm3, 0.93, and 0.42, respectively. On the other hand, the magnetic properties of CoPt-SiNx / Ag films are strong dependent on the different sputtering methods. The I001 /I111 ratio increases from 0.92 of to 1.24 as the film structure changed from CoPt-SiNx / Ag to ( CoPt-SiNx / CoPt )9 / Ag. After annealing at 700°C for 30 minutes, ( CoPt-SiNx / CoPt )9 / Ag film shows the best perpendicular anisotropy, the Hc⊥, Hc//, Ms, S⊥, and S// values of this film are 16.3 kOe, 14.6 kOe, 295 emu/cm3, 0.8, and 0.44, respectively. Moreover, after annealing, the perpendicular anisoyropy of ( CoPt-SiNx / CoPt )9 / Ag film will be broken as the SiNx is added. However, as the SiNx content increases, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of this film can be obtained due to the formation of vacancies which result from the diffusion of SiNx from grain to grain boundary. As the SiNx content increases to 46.2 vol.%, some CoPt grains are smaller than the superparamagnetism particle size and causes the rapidly decrease of the coercivity. Finally, we add the Ag element into (CoPt)53.8(SiNx)46.2/Ag (30 nm) films to form the [(CoPt)53.8(SiNx)46.2]1-y Agy /Ag (30 nm) films, in attempt to lower the ordering temperature of this film. From the experiment results, the ordering temperature of the film will decrease from 600°C to 500°C as Ag is added. As the addition of Ag content increases, the perpendicular anisotropy will be reduced. After annealing at 600°C for 30 minutes, the [(CoPt)53.8(SiNx)46.2]40.8Ag59.2/Ag (30 nm) film shows the best perpendicular anisotropy, the Hc⊥, Hc//, Ms, S⊥, and S// values of this film are 9.6 kOe, 5.5 kOe, 127 emu/cm3, 0.75, and 0.49, respectively.
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Chen, Yan-Hao y 陳彥豪. "Ag particles/In2O3 composite phase by oxidizing Ag-In alloy films and photocurrent characteristics of Ag particles/In2O3". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ujpzxm.
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博士國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
106
The aim of this research is to investigate the photocurrent characteristics of Ag particles/In2O3 Ohmic contact. The Ag particles/In2O3 Ohmic contact was fabricated by Ag-In alloy film with different composition heat-treating at 800 oC in oxygen ambience. The contact of Ag and In2O3 is confirmed be Ohmic contact. Photocurrent characteristics of Ag particles/In2O3 composite structure was researched by using illumination light with different photo energies. Since the photo-carrier generation is determined by the optical generation rate and recombination lifetime (Δn = geτr), the discussion will be focused on these two factors. The results show that under UV-light illumination, the photocurrent of pure In2O3 thin film with the oxygen adsorption could be enhanced. The mechanism has been reported that surface oxygen adsorption would induce a surface build-in electric field and enhance the life-time of excited electron-hole pairs, which would enhance life time. However, the photocurrent of the Ag particles/In2O3 fabricated by oxidized Ag70In30 alloy film is two orders higher than that of the pure In2O3 thin film. Since the matrix of these two samples are both In2O3, and heat-treat in oxygen ambience at same temperature in the same time, We assume that the effect of the surface oxygen adsorption on the recombination lifetime (τr) is similar to the In2O3 thin film heat-treated at 800 oC and the Ag particles/In2O3 composite structure. Then, we discuss that if the optical generation rate (ge) cound be enhanced by Ag particles. Hot electron effect of Ag particles can transferring the accumulated energy from incident light to electrons by non-radiative decay, and this process would produce highly energetic electrons, which may have sufficient energy to transport to the conduction band of In2O3 and provide excess carriers for In2O3. Therefore, the photo energy is not necessary higher than the band-gap energy of In2O3, and this was checked by illumination light with the photo energy lower that the band-gap energy of In2O3, the blue-light, green-light, and red-light. And, the photocurrent was also measured. According to the results, photocurrent is observed that no matter the photo energy of incident light is higher or lower than the band-gap energy of In2O3. It can be proved that the hot-electron effect is applied on the Ag particles/In2O3 Ohmic contact structure, which would cause photo-excited electrons of Ag particles transferr to the conduction band of In2O3, and the excess carrier can be measured as photocurrent.