Artículos de revistas:

1

Karl, Frederick R. "Contemporary Biographers of Nineteenth-Century Novelists". Victorian Literature and Culture 25, n.º 1 (1997): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300004708.

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A sudden scholarly interest in Robert Louis Stevenson has resulted in a good many publications — his collected letters, a brief life by Ian Bell, a more authoritative life by Frank McLynn, and a very full biography of Fanny Stevenson, the American woman who lived with the writer for the last twenty years of his life. Besides informing us about the Stevensons, this outpouring says a good deal about where biography is now, in the mid-1990s.

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2

Andrews, Larry R. y Hazel V. Carby. "Reconstructing Womanhood: Early African-American Women Novelists". Contemporary Literature 32, n.º 3 (1991): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1208567.

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3

Lakshmi, K. Srividya. "Alice Walker’s Perspective of Empowerment of Black Women as Revealed in her Novel “The Third Life of Grange Copeland”". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, n.º 5 (28 de mayo de 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i5.10581.

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Alice Walker is a Black American novelist, essayist, short story writer, poetic, critic, biographer, editor and Pulitzer Prize laureate. Alice Walker captures the experience of Black women in her works as a series of movements from women who are victimized by the society to women who have taken control of their lives consciously. She has explored the lives of Black women in depth even questions their fate. She has courage to see through the seeds of time and declares that in future black women would no longer live in suspension. “The Third Life of Grange Copeland” (1970) was the first novel of Alice Walker. The focus is on Black women characters in The Third Life who empower themselves through education and economic independence. This novel introduces the domination of powerless women by equally powerless men. The novel challenges African Americans to take a scrutinizing look at them. Mary Margaret Richards observes that “The Oldest generation represented by Grange finds itself trapped in a share cropper system… a form of slavery (African –American Writers, p.744). The novel introduces many of her prevalent themes, particularly the domination of powerless women by equally powerless men.

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4

Kitch, Sally L. y Missy Dehn Kubitschek. "Claiming the Heritage: African-American Women Novelists and History". Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 11, n.º 1 (1992): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463788.

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5

Barak, Julie y Emmanuel S. Nelson. "Contemporary African American Novelists: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook". Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 54, n.º 2 (2000): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1348143.

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6

Bruno, Maria y Missy Dehn Kubitschek. "Claiming the Heritage: African-American Women Novelists and History." American Literature 64, n.º 1 (marzo de 1992): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927524.

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7

Fultz, Lucille P. y Missy Dehn Kubitschek. "Claiming the Heritage: African-American Women Novelists and History." Journal of Southern History 58, n.º 4 (noviembre de 1992): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2210848.

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8

Sale, Maggie y Missy Dehn Kubitschek. "Claiming the Heritage: African-American Women Novelists and History." Journal of American History 78, n.º 4 (marzo de 1992): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2079429.

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9

Scott, Joyce H. "Claiming the Heritage: African-American Women Novelists and History". Studies in American Fiction 22, n.º 2 (1994): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/saf.1994.0014.

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10

Novkinić, Sandra. "CONTINUITY OF AFROCENTRIC TROPES ABOUT AFRICAN AMERICAN IDENTITY FORMATION IN THE NOVELS BY PAULE MARSHALL AND GLORIA NAYLOR". Folia linguistica et litteraria X, n.º 32 (2020): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.32.2020.2.

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African American literature that is fundamentally a socially symbolic linguistic construct, seeks different ways to expand and continue the use of Afrocentric vernacular tropes of personal and collective identity formation. The five residual oral forms – oratory (including everyday speech acts), myth/ritual performance, legend, tale, and song – as well as satire, irony, and paradox are used by contemporary African American novelists. This paper points to how the legendary black ancestors and elder members of the community, the gifted and often rebellious orator, musician, artist, the spiritual leader, and the messianic figure are equally enduring symbols and tropes. The aim of this work is to show the way in which the contemporary African American novelists Paule Marshall and Gloria Naylor use these (above mentioned) characters and symbols to reconstruct their long struggle as individuals and as community against anti-black racism. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on continuity of Afrocentric tropes in African American personal/collective and female/male identity formation as represented in selected novels by Paule Marshall and Gloria Naylor.

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11

Rachman, Stephen. "Ellison and Dostoevsky: A Critical Reassessment of the Aesthetics and Politics". Literature of the Americas, n.º 11 (2021): 34–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-11-34-81.

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After an overview of the well-known aspects of Ralph Ellison’s interest in and connections to the works and literary ideas of the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky, this paper reveals the hitherto unknown depths of Ellison’s research into and usage of the works and aesthetic theories of the Russian writer as he applied them to American and African American literary and social contexts. Making use of archival materials (including Ellison’s correspondence, draft of his unfinished novel Three Days Before the Shooting..., highlighting and marginalia in the books from his personal library, which includes numerous works by and about Dostoevsky), this reassessment addresses the role of the Russian classics, and in particular, of Dostoevsky, in Ellison’s intellectual formation, the role that Dostoevsky played in Ellison’s literary relationship with Richard Wright; the ways that Ellison’s interests in the blues, jazz and other folk and vernacular forms of African American culture were filtered through his analysis of nineteenth-century Russian culture; and the Dostoevskyan origins of a number of fictional scenarios that would find their way into Three Days Before the Shooting... The essay concludes with a discussion of the correspondence between Ellison and Joseph Frank, Dostoevsky’s biographer.

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12

Franklin, V. P. y Bettye Collier-Thomas. "Biography, Race Vindication, and African American Intellectuals". Journal of African American History 87, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jaahv87n1p160.

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13

Johnson, Yvonne. "Black Lives: Essays in African American Biography (review)". Biography 23, n.º 4 (2000): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2000.0051.

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14

Lynn M. Hudson. "Lies, Secrets, and Silences: Writing African American Women’s Biography". Journal of Women's History 21, n.º 4 (2009): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.0.0107.

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15

Franklin, V. P. y Bettye Collier-Thomas. "Biography, Race Vindication, and African-American Intellectuals: Introductory Essay". Journal of Negro History 81, n.º 1-4 (enero de 1996): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jnhv81n1-4p1.

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16

Thomas, Steven W. "The Context of Multi-Ethnic Politics for Ethiopian American Literature". MELUS 45, n.º 1 (2020): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlz065.

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Abstract Considering the broad conversation among African novelists about the representation of Africans in America, this essay proposes a reevaluation of Ethiopian American literature that is attentive to the historical complexity of Ethiopia’s ethnic diversity. Situating novels and memoirs in their regional context of the Horn of Africa, it highlights how writers of the Ethiopian diaspora sometimes wrestle with and other times avoid the implications of the region’s ethnic politics. Focusing on the novel The Parking Lot Attendant (2018) by Nafkote Tamirat as a case study, it compares it to how other novelists and memoirists from the region, including Dinaw Mengestu, Nega Mezlekia, Maaza Mengiste, Meti Birabiro, Rebecca Haile, and Nurrudin Farrah, have managed the burden of multi-ethnic representation. Tamirat’s novel is somewhat unique for framing the immigrant experience within the story of a political dystopia and uncanny “loneless” social relations. By analyzing Ethiopian American literature in this way, the essay critiques scholarship that has been inattentive to the complex multi-ethnic history of the region because of its focus on the alienation of Ethiopian protagonists from cross-cultural and intracultural forms of political engagement.

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17

Mood, Terry Ann. "Sources: Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography". Reference & User Services Quarterly 49, n.º 2 (4 de agosto de 2011): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.49.2.4173.

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18

Ahmed, Shokhan Rasool. "A Feminist study of Female Bildungsroman in Toni Cade Bambara’s “The lesson”". Journal of University of Raparin 10, n.º 2 (29 de junio de 2023): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(10).no(2).paper19.

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Every literary text can be considered as effective cultural and historical evidence to show human experiences in different ages. Likewise, African American Literature becomes a major tool to portray racial segregation and marginalizing women of colour. African American novelists have allowed women of colour to have their voices heard and their identities found. Toni Cade Bambara is among the best Afro-American authors who has displayed the difficulties that women of colour such as racism, sexism, racial discrimination, ethnic segregation, gender inequality and loss of identity. This study principally analyzes Bambara’s “The Lesson” by considering a Feminist Bildungsroman approach to deal with gender roles and gender inequality of the female characters. This paper investigates some questions such as: how does “The Lesson” ascribe to the beliefs of the Black Power Movement? What types of dialects have been used in the text to picture the life and culture of African American women? How is Female Bildungsroman employed by Bambara to build and reconstruct a new image for the characters to enable them to fulfil their dreams? The current study delineates the oppression and segregation of African American people under a white-dominated society. However, the author attempts to deconstruct the life of the characters again so that they can have a better and healthy life.

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19

Stulov, Yuri V. "Contemporary African American Historical Novel". Literature of the Americas, n.º 14 (2023): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-75-99.

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The paper discusses the works of African American writers of the end of the 1960s — the end of the 2010s that address the historical past of African Americans and explores the traumatic experience of slavery and its consequences. The tragedy of people subjected to slavery as well as their masters who challenged the moral and ethical norms has remained the topical issue of contemporary African American historical novel. Pivotal for the development of the genre of African American historical novel were Jubilee by the outstanding writer and poet Margaret Walker and the non-fiction novel Roots by Alex Haley. African American authors reconsider the past from today’s perspective making use of both the newly discovered documents and the peculiarities of contemporary literary techniques and showing a versatility of genre experiments, paying attention to the ambiguity of American consciousness in relation to the past. Toni Morrison combines the sacred and the profane, reality and magic while Ishmael Reed conjugates thematic topicality and a bright literary experiment connecting history with the problems of contemporary consumer society; Charles Johnson problematizes history in a philosophic tragicomedy. Edward P. Jones reconsiders the history of slavery in a broad context as his novel’s setting is across the whole country on a broad span of time. The younger generation of African American writers represented by C. Baker, A. Randall, C. Whitehead, J. Ward and other authors touches on the issues of African American history in order to understand whether the tragic past has finally been done with. Contemporary African American historical novel relies on documents, new facts, elements of fictional biography, traditions of slave narratives and in its range makes use of peculiarities of family saga, bildungsroman, political novel, popular novel enriching it with various elements of magic realism, parodying existing canons and sharp satire.

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20

Hughes, Richard. "Gates, Jr And Higginbotham, Eds., Harlem Renaissance Lives - From African American National Biography". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 34, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2009): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.34.2.110-111.

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With hundreds of accessible entries on the lives of African Americans directly or indirectly associated with this period, Harlem Renaissance Lives is an ambitious effort to highlight, and sometimes uncover, the role of African Americans in shaping the United States in the twentieth century. While the entries are brief, the book's strength is its breadth with portraits of not only writers, artists, actors, and musicians but also educators, civil rights and labor activists, entrepreneurs, athletes, clergy, and aviators. Students of history will find familiar figures of the period such as Langston Hughes, Josephine Baker, Duke Ellington, Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. However, the real value of the work is in highlighting, however briefly, the lives of hundreds of lesser-known African Americans. Some figures, such as educator Roscoe Bruce, the son of a U.S. Senator, grew up relatively privileged, but many of the biographies involve African-Americans whose unlikely contributions begin with a background that included slavery and sharecropping. Regardless, each entry includes a valuable bibliography and information about relevant primary sources such as an obituary and archival collections.

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21

Stone, Aaron J. "Toward a Black Vernacular Sexology". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 29, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-10144378.

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By the turn of the twentieth century, race science, ethnology, and sexology had conspired to calcify the racial and sexual limits of the “human.” This article posits that contemporaneous African American novelists responded to the anti-Blackness of American sexual scientific discourse by presenting their own investigations of sexual behavior through literary narrative. This practice, which we might call “Black vernacular sexology,” adapted the language and methods of institutionalized sexual science to refute the claims of scientific racism and to generate sexual knowledge from a Black standpoint. This essay examines Charles Chesnutt’s The Marrow of Tradition (1901) as a powerful example of Black vernacular sexology, arguing that the novel performs a case study of a Southern aristocrat to reveal how whiteness is constructed through a perverse and sexualized obsession with Blackness. Placing the novel in dialogue with American racial and sexual scientists, the article demonstrates how Chesnutt adapts the methods and refutes the racist claims of official sexology while also refusing to duplicate that field’s pathologization of individuals. This analysis suggests that the study of American sexual scientific discourse requires an understanding of how turn-of-the-century African American literature provided a Black vernacular sexology to combat anti-Black scientific truth-claims about sex itself.

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22

Harris, Calvin E. "Review: Black Lives: Essays in African American Biography by James L. Conyers, Jr." Ethnic Studies Review 23, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2000): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2000.23.1.140.

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23

M. Nadeem Kutb, Afraa. "A Memoir of London: A Reading on Ghazi AlQosaibi’s Bye-Bye London and Anna Quindlen’s Imagined London". Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 8, n.º 2 (24 de mayo de 2024): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol8no2.11.

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This paper aims to present impressions of London “indisputably the capital of literature”, by two culturally diverse novelists and their works: the first is the Saudi diplomat, novelist, and poet Dr. Gazi AlQosaibi’s (1940-2010) Bye-Bye London (2002) and the American renowned Pulitzer Prize winner Anna Qindlen’s (1953) Imagined London (2004). The researcher used a textual analysis approach to analyze the novels. This study is an add-value to the body of knowledge by contributing to the literature of A Memoir of London and Imagined London. It addresses the manifold concept and diverse determinations of images related to the identity of London. In addition, it examines the different representations that reflect the different circumstances, defined by time and place in London. A thorough reading of both works will not only provide many insights about London, the city, but also a literary and intellectual biography of the writers themselves. Thus, a reading of their works, comparing, and contrasting them will be ostensible to further highlight their recollections, reminisces, and experiences of “the capital of the world”. The results showed that Bye, Bye London, and Imagined London are examples of honor to a metropolitan that includes one of the greatest fictional and ancient pasts. These novellas are not as thorough as Peter Ackroyd’s London: a Biography (2001) which Quindlen positions in the volume.

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24

Gföllner, Barbara. "'The World Called Him a Thug'". JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i1.23.

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Widespread police violence, often targeted at black people, has increasingly entered public debates in recent years. Inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement, various African American young adult novelists have addressed the topic of police brutality and offer counternarratives to the stories about black victims disseminated in the media. This article illustrates how prevalent debates of Black Lives Matter are reflected in contemporary young adult fiction. To this end, the first part elucidates substantial issues that have led to the precarious position of African Americans today and to the emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement. Drawing on theoretical concepts such as Judith Butler’s notion of "precarious lives" and Frantz Fanon’s description of the black experience in a white-dominated world, I will analyze Angie Thomas's novel The Hate U Give in view of ongoing debates about racial inequality. As I will show, the novel features striking similarities to real-world incidents of police brutality while simultaneously drawing attention to the manifold ways in which society disregards black lives and continues to subject African Americans to racial injustice.

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25

Perry, Robert L. y Melvin T. Peters. "The African-American Intellectual of the 1920s: Some Sociological Implications of the Harlem Renaissance". Ethnic Studies Review 19, n.º 2-3 (1 de junio de 1996): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.1996.19.2-3.155.

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This paper deals with some of the sociological implications of a major cultural high-water point in the African American experience, the New Negro/Harlem Renaissance. The paper concentrates on the cultural transformations brought about through the intellectual activity of political activists, a multi-genre group of artists, cultural brokers, and businesspersons. The driving-wheel thrust of this era was the reclamation and the invigoration of the traditions of the culture with an emphasis on both the, African and the American aspects, which significantly impacted American and international culture then and throughout the 20th century. This study examines the pre-1920s background, the forms of Black activism during the Renaissance, the modern content of the writers' work, and the enthusiasm of whites for the African American art forms of the era. This essay utilizes research from a multi-disciplinary body of sources, which includes sociology, cultural history, creative literature and literary criticism, autobiography, biography, and journalism.

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26

Alhammad, Mashael. "“A Nondescript Monster”: Fanny Fern in Transatlantic Print Culture". Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, n.º 2 (17 de diciembre de 2021): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/ovwz1342.

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Fanny Fern (real name Sara Payson Willis Parton) was one of the most profitable American columnists and novelists of the mid-nineteenth century. Fern sustained her celebrity status largely through unauthorised reprints of her articles in American and British papers. Consequently, her public image was for the most part constructed through those reprinted articles, which were usually framed by speculations about her private life. This article examines the implications and limitations of Fern’s efforts to stabilise the dissemination of her public image in periodicals by using the relatively more stable form of the book. As a celebrity, she had limited control over the way she was publicly represented. As a woman in the public sphere, she was particularly vulnerable to slander and libel. The circulation of a spurious biography entitled The Life and Beauties of Fanny Fern (1855), alongside her sanctioned autobiographical novel Ruth Hall, profited from her literary brand while simultaneously undermining it. Examining how these competing narratives about Fern’s private life – one fictionalised, one unauthorised – shaped her literary reputation at home and in England, this paper argues that textual representations as well as material market choices, including book bindings and advertising techniques, shaped authorship in the increasingly commercialised transatlantic literary market of the mid-century in ways that both benefited and imperilled the female writer.

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27

Heideman, Paul M. "Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918, Jeffrey B. Perry, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009". Historical Materialism 21, n.º 3 (2013): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341315.

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AbstractJeffrey B. Perry’s biography of Hubert Harrison restores the legacy of a central figure in the history of Black radicalism. Though largely forgotten today, Harrison was acknowledged by his early-twentieth-century peers as ‘the father of Harlem radicalism’. Author of pioneering analyses of white supremacy’s role in American capitalism, proponent of armed self-defence among African-Americans, and anti-colonial intellectual, Harrison played a central role in the development of Black politics in the United States. This review traces Harrison’s journey from socialist organiser to Black nationalist, considering its implications for the history of American radicalism.

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28

Gehrmann, Susanne. "Emerging Afro-Parisian ‘chick-lit’ by Lauren Ekué and Léonora Miano". Feminist Theory 20, n.º 2 (24 de febrero de 2019): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700119831539.

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This article examines the novels Icône urbaine (2005, Urban Icon) by French-Togolese writer Lauren Ekué and Blues pour Elise (2010, Blues for Elise) by French-Cameroonian/Afropean writer Léonora Miano, with regard to their contribution to chick-lit in a broad sense. With a focus on urban working women, their love lives and consumerism, these novels fulfil a number of criteria of mainstream chick-lit. At the same time, however, a serious concern for structural power relations is inscribed into these texts. Both novelists make ample use of intermedial writing such as structural borrowing from and references to music, TV formats and the fashion press. I will analyse these narrative strategies and address how far Ekué and Miano copy, rewrite and reinvent the Anglo-American chick-lit genre from the transnational perspective of the African Diaspora in France and considering the peculiarities of black Paris as a space.

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29

Alex Vernon. "Narrative Miscegenation: Absalom, Absalom! as Naturalist Novel, Auto/Biography, and African-American Oral Story". Journal of Narrative Theory 31, n.º 2 (2001): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jnt.2011.0080.

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30

Gray, LaVerne. "Naomi Willie Pollard Dobson: A Pioneering Black Librarian". Libraries: Culture, History, and Society 6, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/libraries.6.1.0001.

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ABSTRACT Naomi Willie Pollard Dobson (1883–1971) was an educator, librarian, clubwoman, civic leader, and the first Black woman to graduate from Northwestern University in 1905. Despite her achievements, Dobson is not represented in the literature in Black librarianship history, African American history, or women’s history. This article takes a closer look at an early twentieth-century life well lived. A chance reading of the 1915 Wilberforce University catalog revealed her as the head librarian at Wilberforce, an Ohio historically Black college founded in 1856 by the African Methodist Episcopal Church. This article documents the process of uncovering an unknown and unsung figure in African American woman’s biography and library history. The text makes the case for inclusion of an under-researched woman who contributed to the intellectual and liberatory conscious of African Americans. To situate the subject in time and space the article recounts her familial influences through genealogy, explores her movements through the society and women’s columns, and outlines her professional work through institutional reports. Recounting Dobson’s life involved embracing the relational through the significance of a remarkable family, communities centered on self-determination, and progressive racial uplift.

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31

Tarik Shakir, Mutaz. "Gender and Racial inequality in James Baldwin’ Go Tell It on the Mountain and Claude McKay's, Home to Harlem comparative study." Journal of Education College Wasit University 3, n.º 46 (28 de febrero de 2022): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol3.iss46.2829.

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Abstract In both Southern African literature and African American literature, racism is a big problem. The two are different, though, because the former were more resolute and brave in their fight against racism, which was covered by the "apartheid" law. While the latter were more passive and suffered from an identity crisis due to the overwhelming presence of whites, the former were due to many years of oppression, torture, and subjugation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the gender and racial inequality in the literature of the African-American writers James Baldwin and compare the novels "Go Tell It on the Mountain" with Claude McKay's "Home to Harlem" with similar themes. In their novels, the two novelists are endowed with a great insight with which they write of difficulties that all humans encounter through a perceptive view of the stubborn, heart-breaking dilemmas that plague individuals of all races. Baldwin was considered a traitor to the black race for failing to face racism, and Richard Wright referred to him as a "fag." The writer Baldwin did not stick to the skin colour of his friends to look for a tangent between their lives and the history of racism in the United States. McKay was deeply interested about the culture of the black diaspora as a result of his strong dedication to black consciousness. McKay explores Harlem's wonder, excitement, and boundaries by recognising other places where the black community thrived in 1920s black America when he depicts black life and community concepts. Gender and Racial inequality are definitely our primary concerns. Both novels considers as a literary depiction of the reality of an expansive African diaspora in the early 20th century.

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32

Mgbeadichie, Chike y Chike Okoye. "Towards A True Afropolitanism: Reconstructing African Diasporic Identities". UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 22, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v22i2.1.

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This essay redefines the idea of Afropolitanism lost in the world of identity and cultural studies. Defined by Taiye Selasi as a concept that studies persons of African descent who found home everywhere they lived, yet belonged nowhere, this paper holds an opposing view to this interpretation of Afropolitans. We argue that Afropolitans are African diaspora who are (un)consciously slanted to their root in a specific manner; they belong somewhere and the construction and reconstruction of their identity are tied to their root. To re-theorize Afropolitanism in this manner, this research examines Michael Kerr's idea of the post-modern self, showing a comparative account of the pseudo-self and the solid-self, in relation to the Afropolitan identity construction. The re-interpretation of James Clifford’s position on place and space and the examination of Cecil Blake’s ideology of belonging, root, and routes, are critical to my re-reading of the Afropolitan vibe. Although derived from theories of cultural hybridity, transnationalism, cosmopolitanism, and elective affinity, this paper demystifies Afropolitanism by showing how it differs remarkably from these theories in analyzing the underlying questions of frican identity and lived experience. Whilst lived experiences of African diaspora constitute part of the existence of the Afropolitan, we argue that the construction of the Afropolitan identity is not reliant on an acquired identity or lived experience but an ascribed identity and root. Okey Ndibe’s Never Look an American in the Eyes, will serve as the primary text for this analysis, and we conclude this research by articulating how Ndibe and other Afropolitan novelists manipulate culture, language, and race to reflect our position on Afropolitanism.

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33

Brioua, Nadira. "Postcolonialism, Islamophobia and Inserting Islam Facts in African-American Fiction: Umm Zakiyyah’s If I Should Speak". Al Hikmah International Journal of Islamic Studies and Human Sciences 4, Special Issue (28 de junio de 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hkmh.4.si.21a.

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Islam has been growing quickly in the world, yet it is a predominately misunderstood religion. Othering Islam through media propaganda and western writings, and mis associating it with some assumptions are still rampant. Thus, the researcher attempts at showing these assumptions stereotypical prejudgments of Islam and Muslims that are commonly associated with Western assumptions resulted in Islamophobia and exploring the role of counter-discourses in contemporary Black-American Fiction by analyzing Umm Zakiyyah’s If I Should Speak and showing to what extents the novel has an important role in correcting assumptions and narrating the Islamic facts. Thus, this article highlights Umm Zakiyyah’s narrative of Islam’s truth within its historical sources the Qur’an and the Sunnah. The paper analyses Umm Zakiyyah’s reconsideration of Islam’s truth, by focusing on the meaning of Islam and being a Muslim. To do so, this qualitative and non-empirical research is conducted in a descriptive-theoretical analysis, using the selected novel as a primary source and library and online critical materials, such as books and journal articles, as secondary references. Based on the analysis, it is found that Umm Zakiyyah narrates Islam and Muslims to counter the West’s negative view on Islam. Furthermore, based on the story, the power of Muslim self-identification within the historical transparent knowledge based on the Quran’s perspectives leads to the conversion of Tamika Douglass, proving that Islam can be perceived positively by non-Muslims; in this case, it is represented within its subjectivity. It is found that the novel can be a tool of Islamic da’wah [call for the faith]. Hence, the Muslim writers and novelists should write to solve the challenges facing Muslims and the Ummah by Islamizing English fiction.

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Kim, B. E. "Rhetorical engagement with racism: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". Literator 19, n.º 1 (26 de abril de 1998): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v19i1.513.

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Racial relationships were an extremely controversial subject around the time of the Civil War in the USA. Harriet Beecher Stowe in Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Mark Twain in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn treat this provocative issue of race by entrusting important roles to the African-American characters. Uncle Tom and Jim. Predicting the reader's possible revolt against the blatant treatment of the issue, the two novelists use racist expressions in the convention of their contemporary audiences to construct a communication channel with their audiences. As a result, these novels have won enormous popularity. However, they have been criticized for racist tendencies Beneath the seemingly racist surface of their texts, Stowe and Twain present an innovative vision of unconditional human equality. Using various rhetorical strategies, these authors help their audiences realize the unfairness and false grounds of racism. The dialectic between the racist language and the anti-racist message of their texts creates a dynamic force spurring readers into a reconsideration of their attitude toward race.

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Shumakov, Andrey A. "Paul Cuffe: navigator, businessman, abolitionist". Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 9, n.º 2 (2023): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2023-9-2-69-86.

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This article is the first in Russian historiography to provide a detailed biography of the legendary African American abolitionist and entrepreneur, Paul Cuffe. He is often referred to as the pioneer of the “Back-to-Africa” movement and a founder of the black nationalism ideological and political trend. Cuffe’s success story and public activism have inspired generations of fighters for black rights in the United States, making him one of the most revered figures in African American history. Two centuries after his untimely death, interest in Cuffe continues to grow, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications on this subject. The purpose of this work is to review Paul Cuffe’s biography using reports, letters, works, and materials from periodicals, as well as research materials from leading Western experts. The study aims to consider the early period of Cuffe’s life and his entrepreneurial and social activities. Historical-descriptive and comparative-historical methods are used to draw parallels with similar historical figures like Prince Hall. The author concludes that Cuffe’s entrepreneurial activity was closely linked to his social work. He saw the repatriation project as a promising economic venture, as evidenced by his long and systematic fundraising efforts. Cuffe’s views were influenced by the development of free trade in the late 18th and early 19th c. Regarding Cuffe’s representation as a founder of black nationalism and Pan-Africanism, the author does not find direct confirmation of this point of view during their research.

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Baaki, Brian. "Circulating the Black Rapist: Sketches of the Life of Joseph Mountain and Early American Networks of Print". New England Quarterly 90, n.º 1 (marzo de 2017): 36–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00584.

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This article examines texts produced in response to the criminal trial of Joseph Mountain to illuminate the early construction of the black rapist in American print. The central text in its analysis is Mountain's own “criminal confession,” Sketches of the Life of Joseph Mountain (1790). This article views Mountain's text as a response to a different set of concerns than later narratives of African Americans convicted of rape and positions Mountain's biography as a response not merely to concerns over black slave revolt alone, but to a related, if more immediate threat of cross-racial, proletarian revolution.

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WRIGGLE, JOHN. "Jazzing the Classics: Race, Modernism, and the Career of Arranger Chappie Willet". Journal of the Society for American Music 6, n.º 2 (mayo de 2012): 175–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175219631200003x.

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AbstractThe American popular music tradition of “jazzing the classics” has long stood at the intersection of discourses on high and low culture, commercialism, and jazz authenticity. Dance band arrangers during the 1930s and 1940s frequently evoked, parodied, or straddled these cultural debates through their manipulations of European classical repertoire. This article examines Swing Era arranging strategies in the context of prevailing racial essentialisms, conceptions of modernism, and notions of technical virtuosity. The legacy of African American freelance arranger Chappie Willet, and his arrangement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata, op. 13 (“Pathétique”) for the black dance band of Jimmie Lunceford, suggests that an account of the biography and artistic voice of the arranger is critical to understanding the motivations behind these hybrid musical works.

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Mahameed, Mohammed y Majed Abdul Karim. "The Experience of Alienation in Toni Morrison’s Work: Man’s Fragmentation and Concomitant Distortion". English Language and Literature Studies 7, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n2p65.

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The question of alienation has always been a pervasive theme in the history of modern thought, and it occupies a considerable place in contemporary work. Literature in general, and fiction in particular, raise this issue to reveal its influence on human beings and communities. Novelists have been trying to unravel its complexities and concomitant consequences. The paper aims to explore the experience of alienation through depicting the issue not as a purely racial reality, or something restricted to the colour of the skin or gender of the victim. It is rather presented as a distressing state which cripples the victims and makes them susceptible captives of the dominant forces. In the selected novels, Toni Morrison has delved deep into the experience of alienation through her male and female characters, showing the different forms of this experience. The present research investigates Morrison’s portrayal of the issue from an African-American prospect. References will be made to novels such as Tar Baby, Sula, The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, and Beloved.

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Porco, Alessandro. "The Life and Art of Mary Parks Washington (Fall 2018)". New Americanist 2, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2023): 167–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tna.2023.0015.

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This essay presents a critical biography of African American visual artist Mary Parks Washington, with an emphasis on her creative development from 1942 to 1979. Washington's extant art is discussed in the context of her educational background, social network, and political affiliations, as well as the history of activist curation in the wake of the Black Arts and Black Power movements. As an undergraduate at Spelman College in the 1940s, Washington was mentored by muralist Hale Woodruff, who encouraged her to continue her studies at the Art Students League of New York, Black Mountain College, and the Universidad Nacional de México. These experiences introduced Washington to key figures of the international and American avant-gardes, including Josef Albers, Diego Rivera, and Jacob Lawrence. In 1958, Washington settled down with her family in the Bay Area, where she met poet Sarah Webster Fabio, a leading figure in the Black Arts Movement on the West Coast. Washington and Fabio's collaborative friendship over two decades culminated in 1979's Offshoots of Roots Unknown, a series of “poem-paintings” that elegize Washington's family in early twentieth century Atlanta and, formally, deal with the technical (and ethical) problem of remembering and representing history. Drawing extensively on archival materials from the Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, this essay recognizes Washington's contribution to post-WWII African American art and documents her unique artistic trajectory, traversing aesthetic, social, and political formations from pre-Civil Rights Atlanta to the post-Black Arts Movement Bay Area.

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Hirsch, Pam. "This Far By Faith: Readings in African-American Women's Religious Biography, by Judith Weisenfeld and Richard Newman (eds)". Women’s Philosophy Review, n.º 17 (1997): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wpr19971720.

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Krasner, David. "Alain L. Locke: The Biography of a Philosopher, and: Slave Songs and the Birth of African American Poetry". African American Review 43, n.º 4 (2009): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afa.2009.0076.

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Tanoukhi, Nirvana. "The Movement of Specificity". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, n.º 3 (mayo de 2013): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.3.668.

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If you want to know about Africa, read our literature—and not just Things Fall Apart.—Chris AbaniChimamandaadichie summarizes the current dilemma of the peripheral writer in thetitle of her recent ted talk: “The danger of a Single Story.” The talk's masterly braiding of ethos, pathos, and humor epitomizes the winning formula of this distinctively metropolitan media genre. But Adichie's rhetorical ingenuity interests us not as a cultural spectacle—the scene of a young African writer's anointment by metropolitan brokers as an upcoming “world writer”—but for what it structurally illuminates about the kind of minoritarian literary consciousness that gave birth to the concept of world literature. The speech begins by taking the audience down a well-trodden path, the story of Adichie's beginnings as a young writer in Nigeria—specifically, the naïveté of her childhood compositions: “All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they played in the snow, they ate apples, and they talked a lot about the weather, how lovely it was that the sun had come out.” How deluded and childish it now seemed to Adichie, this business of putting cloudy skies and sumptuous apples in an African story. Luckily, African novelists like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye already existed to dispel her original disorientation, so that she learned to replace the landscapes of British and American fiction with familiar settings where “people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, whose kinky hair could not form ponytails, could also exist in literature.”

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Chybowski, Julia J. "Becoming the “Black Swan” in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America:". Journal of the American Musicological Society 67, n.º 1 (2014): 125–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2014.67.1.125.

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Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield was first in a lineage of African American women vocalists to earn national and international acclaim. Born into slavery in Mississippi, she grew up in Philadelphia and launched her first North American concert tour from upstate New York in 1851. Hailed as the “Black Swan” by newspapermen involved in her debut, the soubriquet prefigured a complicated reception of her musical performances. As an African American musician with slavery in her past, she sang what many Americans understood to be “white” music (opera arias, sentimental parlor song, ballads of British Isles, and hymns) from the stages graced by touring European prima donnas on other nights, with ability to sing in a low vocal range that some heard as more typical of men than women. As reviewers and audiences combined fragments of her biography with first-hand experiences of her concerts, they struggled to make the “Black Swan” sobriquet meaningful and the transgressions she represented understandable. Greenfield's musical performances, along with audience expectations and the processes of patronage, management, and newspaper discourse complicated perceived cultural boundaries of race, gender, and class. The implications of E. T. Greenfield's story for antebellum cultural politics and for later generations of singers are profound.

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Midžić, Simona. "Responses to Toni Morrison's oeuvre in Slovenia". Acta Neophilologica 36, n.º 1-2 (1 de diciembre de 2003): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.36.1-2.49-61.

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Toni Morrison, the first African American female winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, is certainly one of the modern artists whose novels have entered the world's modern literary canon. She is one of the most read novelists in the United States, where all of her novels have been bestsellers. However, only Song of Solomon and Beloved have so far been translated into Slovene. There have been several articles or essays written on Toni Morrison but most of them are simply translations of English articles; the only exception is a study by Jerneja Petrič. This paper presents the Slovene translation of Song ofSolomon by Jože Stabej and the articles written on Toni Morrison by Slovene critics. Jože Stabej is so far the only Slovene translator who has translated Toni Morrison. The author of this article uses some Slovene translations from the novel in comparison to the original to show the main differences appearing because of different grammatical structures of both languages and differences in the two cultures. The articles by Slovene critics are primarily resumes or translations of English originals and have been mainly published in magazines specializing in literature.

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ABDULBAQI, Mohammed Sabbar y Alaa Mohammed Khalaf AL-HALBOSY. "NIHILISM AND IMAGES OF REBELLION: A CRITICAL STUDY OF RICHARD WRIGHT'S NATIVE SON". Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2022): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.17.17.

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Richard Wright (1908-1960) is one of the notable novelists of African-American literature. Native Son (1940) is one of his outstanding novels which received as a unique literary work of his time and still. Most of his writings call for liberation from the racial discrimination that African Americans experienced during the Great Depression (1929-1933) and beyond, notably in his novel of Native Son. This novel chronicles the poverty of a twenty year old black man called Bigger Thomas. It implicitly traces the gradual aspirations of Bigger to rebel against white prejudice. In this study, Nihilism is the scope of debate and Bigger with his surrounding is the range for that view of negation. Bigger exemplifies the revolted figure of his peers against marginality and nothingness. The present research is a critique to elaborate some of the tangible and intangible trajectories of rebellion pursued by Bigger Thomas. This treatise aims to reveal a sort of condemnation against apartheid and to cast the light on the resentment of Blacks for their nihilism. The images of rebellion shown in this research are to explain some of the psychological reactions when one is destined to be a subaltern. Consequently, rebellion identifies the hope of Blacks for which a release from the chains of being peripheral might be obtained. However, some images, as violence, are reversibly perceived to maintain rebellion out of a quagmire of nihilism. Key words: Bigger Thomas, Blacks, Identity, Liberation, Nihilism, Rebellion.

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Browne, Ray B. "Harlem Renaissance Lives: From the African American National Biography by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Editors". Journal of American Culture 32, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2009): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.2009.00716_14.x.

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Cardany, Audrey Berger. "Muddy Waters: His Life and Music". General Music Today 31, n.º 3 (15 de febrero de 2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048371318756626.

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The author reviews Mahin and Turk’s children’s book Muddy: The Story of Blues Legend Muddy Waters. This biography of McKinley Morganfield describes his challenges and successes in music and life. Illustrations reflect African American culture using color palettes to highlight the places Waters lived and the music connected to those places including the Mississippi Delta blues and the electric Chicago blues style. The musical writing of Mahin expresses Muddy’s story in a lyrical fashion, borrowing elements from the jazz idiom. The author includes a selected discography and suggestions for additional instruction in the music of Muddy’s life using the artistic processes of listening, responding, and performing appropriate for upper elementary and middle school students in general music.

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Hamilton, Charles V. y Fredrick C. Harris. "A Conversation with Charles V. Hamilton". Annual Review of Political Science 21, n.º 1 (11 de mayo de 2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-090117-120451.

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Charles V. Hamilton is the Wallace Sayre Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Government at Columbia University. He is the author of several important books on the study of race and politics, focusing primarily on the African-American experience. He is the coauthor of Black Power: A Politics of Liberation with the late Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture), as well as The Black Preacher in America; Bench and the Ballot: Southern Federal Judges and Black Voters; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.: The Political Biography of an American Dilemma; and coauthor with Dona Cooper Hamilton of The Dual Agenda: Race and the Social Welfare Policies of Civil Rights Organizations. He was interviewed by Fredrick C. Harris, Dean of Social Science and Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, on July 13, 2017, at the University of Chicago. This is an edited transcript; a video of the entire interview can be viewed below or at http://www.annualreviews.org/r/charlesvhamilton .

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Friar, Kendra Kay. "Scott Joplin: A Guide for Music Educators PART I—A Ragtime Life". General Music Today 34, n.º 3 (abril de 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10483713211002150.

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Scott Joplin was an African American composer and pianist of singular merit and influence. Academic interest in Joplin has increased in recent years, leading to new discoveries about the composer’s activities, yet teaching materials have not been updated at the same pace as 21st-century findings. Joplin was an entrepreneur, a performer, and a teacher, yet his biography is often reduced to a “celebratory” narrative of a composer creating toe-tapping music for the masses. “A Ragtime Life,” the first article in a three-part series, presents a modern understanding of the biographical context which shaped Scott Joplin's music, thought, and practice. It also provides suggested classroom activities for exploring Joplin’s life and works written in accordance with NAfME’s 2014 National Music Standards.

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Shumakov, A. A. "THE LIFE OF MARTIN ROBINSON DELANY'S AND EVOLUTION HIS IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS". Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 01, n.º 05 (25 de marzo de 2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-01-141-153.

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This article examines the evolution of the ideological and political views of Martin Robinson Delany, who is credited with the first conceptual justification of the doctrine of "black nationalism" in the United States. The author analyzes the main milestones of the biography of this figure, his rich literary heritage, focusing on the consideration of the internal dialectics of Delany's political philosophy, the variability and inconsistency of his views at various stages of life. Special attention is paid to Delany's attitude to the ideology of pan-Africanism and black nationalism, as well as his controversy with Frederick Douglass. The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that it is the first attempt in Russian academic science to present the biography and analysis of the ideological and theoretical heritage of an outstanding African-American public figure, an assessment of his contribution to the struggle for the rights of the black population in the United States. The source base is the work of Delany himself and his biographies, none of which has been translated into Russian. A number of sources are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The historical-genetic and historical-typological methods are used as specific historical methods in this work.

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