Índice
Literatura académica sobre el tema "Aérosols atmosphériques – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Aérosols atmosphériques – Propriétés physico-chimiques".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Tesis sobre el tema "Aérosols atmosphériques – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
Lupascu, Aurelia. "Modélisation des propriétés physico-chimiques des aérosols atmosphériques à haute altitude". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859915.
Texto completoRivellini, Laura-Hélèna. "Propriétés physico-chimiques, optiques et identification des sources des aérosols en Afrique de l’Ouest". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10177/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis consists in studying the chemical nature, the origins as well as the optical properties of aerosols in West Africa. We focused on establishing the links between the chemical composition of fine particles at surface and aerosols optical properties. Our study is based on measurements acquired during the SHADOW field campaign, implemented on the M’Bour (Senegal) site during two intensive observation periods: March to June 2015 (IOP-1) and November 2015 to January 2016 (IOP-2). For this purpose, an instrumentation allowing online chemical characterization of surface PM1 (ACSM, TEOM-FDMS, aethalometer), at high time resolution, was implemented in parallel with instruments measuring aerosols optical properties at surface (aethalometer, nephelometer) and along the atmospheric column by remote sensing (Lidar, photometer). The coupling of meteorological data with statistical tools allowed determining the local and/or regional contribution of the different species, and identifying the source areas responsible for the high concentrations observed on site. The source receptor model (PM) allowed to further investigate the submicronic organic fraction, highlighting a fast photochemistry and the influence of specific anthropogenic activities (waste burning, fish smoking). We were also able to characterize, per season, the type of aerosols contributing to the fine particle extinction measured at surface, as well as to show links/differences between remote sensing and surface chemical/optical properties of fines particles during the two IOP
Ricard, Vincent. "Aérosols dans l'Arctique européen : sources, transformations et propriétés optiques". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701298.
Texto completoDubois, Clément. "Impact de la réactivité multiphasique sur la composition et les propriétés physico-chimiques de l’aérosol atmosphérique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10223.
Texto completoUltrafine atmospheric aerosols are among the most abundant in the atmosphere. Their implications on the climate and air quality are proven. The various IPCC reports however, have shown that current knowledge is still insufficient to quantify with precision the impact of aerosols on the climate. These uncertainties come from the complexity of atmospheric aerosols and their importance in cloud formation. Indeed, the formation and evolution of these one in the atmosphere lead to changes their size, chemical composition, morphology, and therefore could have major repercussions on their physicochemical properties. Initially, this thesis work focused on the impact of chemical reactions on the physico-chemical properties of light scattering aerosols. Thus, the reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols on sulfated particles has been shown to reduce the backscattered intensity of the aerosols formed. In a second step, the work carried out during this thesis aimed to study the implication of the pressure on the chemistry in the condensed phase of ultrafine aerosols, in particular due to the Young-Laplace pressure which can be important for ultrafine aerosols (d < 100 nm). This thesis work started with the development and optimization of an experimental system to study chemical reactions at high pressure. It was thus demonstrated that the photodegradation reactions (here, for vanillin) could be greatly modified at high pressures comparable to those of ultrafine particles. All the results of this thesis work made it possible to highlight the entanglement of multiphase chemical processes on the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols
Duca, Dumitru. "Physico-chemical characterization of size-selected internal combustion engine nanoparticles and original method for measuring adsorption energies on carbonaceous surfaces by laser mass spectrometry". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R019.
Texto completoEmission of carbonaceous aerosols by combustion-powered ground transport vehicles has a major impact on both global climate and human health. Intensive research efforts are dedicated to the development of robust procedures able to reliably measure particles as small as 10 nm in real-driving conditions, as current European Union regulations are limited to 23 nm. Within the H2020 PEMS4Nano project, we performed detailed physico-chemical characterization of size-selected particulate matter emitted by a gasoline direct injection engine. This included chemical characterization performed with mass spectrometry as well as structural/morphology data obtained with electron and atomic force microscopy together with Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. In addition, to gain insight into the interaction between the carbonaceous surface and adsorbed compounds, a novel laser-based method for determining the adsorption energy of chemical species on carbonaceous surfaces was developed
Deguine, Alexandre. "Propriétés optiques et chimiques des cendres volcaniques : mesures de laboratoire et applications à la télédétection spatiale". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R075/document.
Texto completoDuring a volcanic eruption, a huge amount of aerosols are emitted into the. By absorbing and scattering solar radiation, volcanic ashes influence strongly the Earth radiative budget. These particles may also affect human health and may perturb or interrupt air traffic. Aerosols can be detected by remote sensing using for example spectrometers embarked on satellites. These instruments record the extinction signal of an atmospheric column mixing gas and aerosols contributions. From these observations, the main objective is to estimate the chemical composition, the size and the concentration of particles. With the aim of estimating these parameters, the key is to determine the complex refractive index m. However, the complex refractive index is badly known and stay one of the main source of uncertainty. For this purpose, a new methodology has been applied in order to measure the extinction spectra of various sampling aerosols. Mechanical system is used to generate a cloud of volcanic. Then aerosols are directed through two spectrometers and a particle sizer recording respectively the extinction spectra from UV-visible to Infrared and the size distribution. A combination of experimental data and an iterative process is used in order to retrieve the optical constants n and k leading to the complex refractive index m. This methodology has been applied for six volcanic ashes samples collected from Chile, Iceland and Italy. Moreover, a chemical analysis has been performed for each sample using X-ray fluorescence in order to determine the link between chemical and optical properties. Results obtained through the methodology are used for the inversion of study cases from IASI
Wu, Junteng. "Theoretical and experimental studies on the hygroscopic properties of soot particles sampled from a kerosene diffusion flame : impact of the aging processes by O3 and SO2". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR035.
Texto completoFreshly emitted soot particles from combustion processes are hydrophobic. However, the aging process in the atmosphere can modify their size, morphology and surface chemistry and turn them into efficient cloud condensation (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) that significantly contribute to the indirect radiative forcing of climate. For spherical and monodisperse aerosols, k-Köhler theory is often used in the literature to quantify the hygroscopic properties of aerosols. In this work, a combined theoretical and experimental approach is proposed to add to the theory the contributions of the particle size distribution and morphology. Hygroscopic properties of the particles are derived by measuring their activated fraction as a function of the water supersaturation using a CCN counter. The model developed in this work is first tested on dry ammonium sulfate particles (quasi spherical and non aggregating). Then, it is applied to soot particles that are complex aggregates of primary particles. Soot particles are generated from a laboratory diffusion jet flame supplied with kerosene, and aged with ozone and sulfur dioxide in controlled conditions of temperature, pressure and relative humidity to simulate their permanence in the atmosphere. The electrical mobility, morphology and chemical composition of fresh and aged soot are measured by scanning mobility particle sizing, electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry, respectively, before and after the aging and related to the activation process. From the comparison of the experimental activation curves and the model, the values of the hygroscopicity parameter k could be determined for a large variety of operating conditions
Plantamp, Alice. "Étude et modélisation du comportement chimique des aérosols issus d’un feu de sodium lors de leur dispersion atmosphérique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0072/document.
Texto completoAs part of the development of 4th generation Sodium cooled Fast Reactors, studies are conducted on the consequences of a sodium fire, including the toxicological impact of possible releases of aerosols into the atmosphere. The carbonation of aerosols from a sodium fire results in a decreased toxicity, from their release point in sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The objective is to develop and experimentally validate a kinetics model of NaOH aerosols carbonation. The kinetic model based on the reactive absorption of atmospheric CO2 and using the double film theory enables to describe the carbonation of NaOH aerosols, initially formed as soda droplets. This model defines the initial aerosol characteristics of soda in equilibrium with the atmosphere. It is applied by considering the absorption of CO2 at the particle’s external surface. All the model variables are described and their equations explained. The validation of this kinetic model has motivated the development of an experimental device dedicated to the monitoring of physicochemical behavior of aerosols from a sodium fire with a better control of conditions of reactive atmosphere and of aerosols sampling. The new experimental data show the competition between the influence of temperature, partial pressure of water and of CO2. The comparison between the experimental results validates the kinetic model based on reactive absorption for relative humidity over 30%. Finally, the kinetic model was adapted into the form of an analytic expression for its use in association with the atmospheric dispersion calculation
Wu, Junteng. "Theoretical and experimental studies on the hygroscopic properties of soot particles sampled from a kerosene diffusion flame : impact of the aging processes by O3 and SO2". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R035.
Texto completoFreshly emitted soot particles from combustion processes are hydrophobic. However, the aging process in the atmosphere can modify their size, morphology and surface chemistry and turn them into efficient cloud condensation (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) that significantly contribute to the indirect radiative forcing of climate. For spherical and monodisperse aerosols, k-Köhler theory is often used in the literature to quantify the hygroscopic properties of aerosols. In this work, a combined theoretical and experimental approach is proposed to add to the theory the contributions of the particle size distribution and morphology. Hygroscopic properties of the particles are derived by measuring their activated fraction as a function of the water supersaturation using a CCN counter. The model developed in this work is first tested on dry ammonium sulfate particles (quasi spherical and non aggregating). Then, it is applied to soot particles that are complex aggregates of primary particles. Soot particles are generated from a laboratory diffusion jet flame supplied with kerosene, and aged with ozone and sulfur dioxide in controlled conditions of temperature, pressure and relative humidity to simulate their permanence in the atmosphere. The electrical mobility, morphology and chemical composition of fresh and aged soot are measured by scanning mobility particle sizing, electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry, respectively, before and after the aging and related to the activation process. From the comparison of the experimental activation curves and the model, the values of the hygroscopicity parameter k could be determined for a large variety of operating conditions
El, Hajj Danielle. "Aerosol hygroscopic properties : a laboratory approach for single and multi-component inorganic particles of atmospheric relevance". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R009/document.
Texto completoAerosols play vital roles in energy balance of the Earth and also have a significant impact on human health. The last assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), states that the uncertainty in the total radiative forcing is mainly dominated by the high uncertainty in the aerosol radiative forcing. This is mainly caused by the poorly understood and quantified aerosol effects. Indeed, high relative humidity (RH), promotes water uptake by atmospheric aerosol particles, which modifies their size, morphology and chemical composition and therefore their optical properties. In-situ measurements of aerosols properties (scattering and absorption coefficients, size distribution) are usually performed at dry conditions (RH <40%). However, aerosols are present in a humid atmosphere. Knowing the physical, chemical and optical properties of the aerosol particles at ambient RH is thus crucial in order to improve the estimation of the aerosol direct radiative forcing. The aim of this work is to study the evolution of aerosols optical (scattering and absorption) and physical (size) properties at different RH. Our study is based on laboratory measurements at controlled humidity. Pure aerosols were generated, such as amorphous silica (SiO2), sodium chloride (NaCl), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4 ), sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and potassium chloride (KCl). The study was first conducted under dry conditions (≈ 35% RH), then measurements were performed at higher RH (from 40 up to 90%) using two different experimental setups. The exchange of water vapor that causes a change in size and refractive index (RI) of aerosol particles and therefore directly influences their optical properties is computed using E-AIM thermodynamic model. Zdanovskii–Stokes Robinson (ZSR) approach is applied on aerosols mixtures and compared with the experimental measurements. The discrepancies found will be presented and should be used to better understand the influence of water uptake on the aerosol radiative forcing estimated by climate models