Literatura académica sobre el tema "Aerobic growth conditions"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Aerobic growth conditions"
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BENEDICT, ROBERT C., TIMOTHY PARTRIDGE, DONNA WELLS y ROBERT L. BUCHANAN. "Bacillus cereus: Aerobic Growth Kinetics". Journal of Food Protection 56, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1993): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.3.211.
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Three strains of Bacillus cereus were cultured in brain heart infusion medium aerobically under conditions of variable temperature (5 to 42°C), sodium chloride concentrations (0.5–5%), pH (4.5 - 7.5), and sodium nitrite concentration (0 mg/L - 200 mg/L) to simulate conditions of normal and adverse food storage. Cultures were sampled at selected times, and plate counts were used to calculate growth curves under each condition. None of the three strains grew at 5°C, but growth did occur slowly at 8°C, and was most rapid at a temperature of 37°C. Growth occurred in media without additives in all pH's examined between 8 and 42°C. Decreasing the pH and increasing levels of sodium chloride and sodium nitrite increased the lag phase and generation times of the organism.
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Shi, Hoi-Ping y Chi-Mei Lee. "Phosphate removal under denitrifying conditions byBrachymonassp. strain P12 andParacoccus denitrificansPP15". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, n.º 6 (junio de 2007): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-026.
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In this study, we used the denitrifying phosphorus-removing bacterium Brachymonas sp. strain P12 to investigate the enhanced biologic phosphorus-removal (EBPR) mechanism involved with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), glycogen, and phosphorus uptake in the presence of acetate under anoxic or aerobic conditions. The results showed that excess acetate concentration and aerobic cultivation can enhance PHB formation efficiency and that PHB formation might be stimulated by glycogenolysis of the cellular glycogen. The efficiency of the uptake of anoxic phosphorus was greater when PHB production was lower. The EBPR mechanism of Brachymonas sp. strain P12 for PHB, phosphorus, and glycogen was similar to the conventional anaerobic–aerobic (or anaerobic–anoxic) EBPR models, but these models were developed under anoxic or aerobic conditions only, without an anaerobic stage. The anoxic or aerobic log phase of growth is divided into two main phases: the early log phase, in which acetate and glycogen are consumed to supply enough energy and reducing power for PHB formation and cell growth (phosphorus assimilation), and the late log phase, which ends the simultaneous degradation of PHB and remaining acetate for polyphosphate accumulation. Glycogenolysis plays a significant role in the alternate responses between PHB formation and phosphorus uptake under anoxic or aerobic conditions. After the application of the denitrifying phosphorus-removing bacterium Brachymonas sp. strain P12, aerobic cultivation increases the level of PHB production, and anoxic cultivation further increases phosphorus uptake.
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Kataoka, Naoya, Alisa S. Vangnai, Thunyarat Pongtharangkul, Toshiharu Yakushi y Kazunobu Matsushita. "Butyrate production under aerobic growth conditions by engineered Escherichia coli". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 123, n.º 5 (mayo de 2017): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.12.008.
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Arcangeli, Jean-Pierre y Erik Arvin. "Growth of an aerobic and an anoxic toluene-degrading biofilm - a comparative study". Water Science and Technology 32, n.º 8 (1 de octubre de 1995): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0278.
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The growth dynamics of a toluene-degrading biofilm was investigated under aerobic and under nitrate-reducing (anoxic) conditions. The study was performed with a continuously fed biofilm reactor (biodrum system). Under denitrifying conditions, the maximum toluene degradation in the reactor was achieved during the exponential growth phase of the biofilm. Under aerobic conditions, however, the maximum toluene degradation was reached during the lag phase of biofilm growth. Meanwhile, a simultaneous increase of the suspended biomass concentration in the bulk occurred concomitant with the toluene removal. The comparison of the structure of the aerobic and anoxic biofilms indicated that the anoxic biofilm was smooth and regular whereas the aerobic biofilm showed a lot of irregularity and a filamentous structure on top of the biofilm. Both the aerobic and the anoxic growth were modelled using the computer programme BIOSIM from EAWAG. The models considered active and inactive biomass. The active biomass was growing on toluene as sole carbon source, whereas the inactive biomass was composed of polymers and dead cells unable to degrade toluene. Model simulations showed that the biofilm activity was mainly concentrated in the top-layer of the biofilm under both aerobic and anoxic conditions.
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Liu, Wei, Shi Lei Dong, Fei Xu, Xue Qin Wang, T. Ryan Withers, Hongwei D. Yu y Xin Wang. "Effect of Intracellular Expression of Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 on Growth of Escherichia coli Strain TOP10 under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, n.º 10 (15 de julio de 2013): 4707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00825-13.
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ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can cause lysis of target bacteria by directly inserting themselves into the lipid bilayer. This killing mechanism confounds the identification of the intracellular targets of AMPs. To circumvent this, we used a shuttle vector containing the inducible expression of a human cathelicidin-related AMP, LL-37, to examine its effect onEscherichia coliTOP10 under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Induction of LL-37 caused growth inhibition and alteration in cell morphology to a filamentous phenotype. Further examination of theE. colicell division protein FtsZ revealed that LL-37 did not interact with FtsZ. Moreover, intracellular expression of LL-37 results in the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing lethal membrane depolarization under aerobic conditions. Additionally, the membrane permeability was increased after intracellular expression of LL37 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that intracellular LL-37 mainly affected the expression of genes related to energy production and carbohydrate metabolism. More specifically, genes related to oxidative phosphorylation under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions were affected. Collectively, our current study demonstrates that intracellular expression of LL-37 inE. colican inhibit growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. While we confirmed that the generation of ROS is a bactericidal mechanism for LL-37 under aerobic growth conditions, we also found that the intracellular accumulation of cationic LL-37 influences the redox and ion status of the cells under both growth conditions. These data suggest that there is a new AMP-mediated bacterial killing mechanism that targets energy metabolism.
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González-Hernández, Yusmel, Emilie Michiels y Patrick Perré. "A Comprehensive Mechanistic Yeast Model Able to Switch Metabolism According to Growth Conditions". Fermentation 8, n.º 12 (6 de diciembre de 2022): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120710.
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This paper proposes a general approach for building a mechanistic yeast model able to predict the shift of metabolic pathways. The mechanistic model accounts for the coexistence of several metabolic pathways (aerobic fermentation, glucose respiration, anaerobic fermentation and ethanol respiration) whose activation depends on growth conditions. This general approach is applied to a commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Stoichiometry and yeast kinetics were mostly determined from aerobic and completely anaerobic experiments. Known parameters were taken from the literature, and the remaining parameters were estimated by inverse analysis using the particle swarm optimization method. The optimized set of parameters allows the concentrations to be accurately determined over time, reporting global mean relative errors for all variables of less than 7 and 11% under completely anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. Different affinities of yeast for glucose and ethanol tolerance under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were obtained. Finally, the model was successfully validated by simulating a different experiment, a batch fermentation process without gas injection, with an overall mean relative error of 7%. This model represents a useful tool for the control and optimization of yeast fermentation systems. More generally, the modeling framework proposed here is intended to be used as a building block of a digital twin of any bioproduction process.
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Malik, Muhammad, Syed Hussain y Karl Drlica. "Effect of Anaerobic Growth on Quinolone Lethality with Escherichia coli". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, n.º 1 (16 de octubre de 2006): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00739-06.
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ABSTRACT Quinolone activity against Escherichia coli was examined during aerobic growth, aerobic treatment with chloramphenicol, and anaerobic growth. Nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and PD161144 were lethal for cultures growing aerobically, and the bacteriostatic activity of each quinolone was unaffected by anaerobic growth. However, lethal activity was distinct for each quinolone with cells treated aerobically with chloramphenicol or grown anaerobically. Nalidixic acid failed to kill cells under both conditions; norfloxacin killed cells when they were grown anaerobically but not when they were treated with chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin killed cells under both conditions but required higher concentrations than those required with cells grown aerobically; and PD161144, a C-8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, was equally lethal under all conditions. Following pretreatment with nalidixic acid, a shift to anaerobic conditions or the addition of chloramphenicol rapidly blocked further cell death. Formation of quinolone-gyrase-DNA complexes, observed as a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-dependent drop in cell lysate viscosity, occurred during aerobic and anaerobic growth and in the presence and in the absence of chloramphenicol. However, lethal chromosome fragmentation, detected as a drop in viscosity in the absence of SDS, occurred with nalidixic acid treatment only under aerobic conditions in the absence of chloramphenicol. With PD161144, chromosome fragmentation was detected when the cells were grown aerobically and anaerobically and in the presence and in the absence of chloramphenicol. Thus, all quinolones tested appear to form reversible bacteriostatic complexes containing broken DNA during aerobic growth, during anaerobic growth, and when protein synthesis is blocked; however, the ability to fragment chromosomes and to rapidly kill cells under these conditions depends on quinolone structure.
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Wang, Wu, Hao Huang, Guoqiang Tan, Fan Si, Min Liu, Aaron P. Landry, Jianxin Lu y Huangen Ding. "In vivo evidence for the iron-binding activity of an iron–sulfur cluster assembly protein IscA in Escherichia coli". Biochemical Journal 432, n.º 3 (25 de noviembre de 2010): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20101507.
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IscA is a key member of the iron–sulfur cluster assembly machinery in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms; however, the physiological function of IscA still remains elusive. In the present paper we report the in vivo evidence demonstrating the iron-binding activity of IscA in Escherichia coli cells. Supplement of exogenous iron (1 μM) in M9 minimal medium is sufficient to maximize the iron binding in IscA expressed in E. coli cells under aerobic growth conditions. In contrast, IscU, an iron–sulfur cluster assembly scaffold protein, or CyaY, a bacterial frataxin homologue, fails to bind any iron in E. coli cells under the same experimental conditions. Interestingly, the strong iron-binding activity of IscA is greatly diminished in E. coli cells under anaerobic growth conditions. Additional studies reveal that oxygen in medium promotes the iron binding in IscA, and that the iron binding in IscA in turn prevents formation of biologically inaccessible ferric hydroxide under aerobic conditions. Consistent with the differential iron-binding activity of IscA under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, we find that IscA and its paralogue SufA are essential for the iron–sulfur cluster assembly in E. coli cells under aerobic growth conditions, but not under anaerobic growth conditions. The results provide in vivo evidence that IscA may act as an iron chaperone for the biogenesis of iron–sulfur clusters in E. coli cells under aerobic conditions.
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BELAY, NEGASH y AVRAHAM RASOOLY. "Staphylococcus aureus Growth and Enterotoxin A Production in an Anaerobic Environment". Journal of Food Protection 65, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2002): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.1.199.
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The effects of strict anaerobic conditions on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) were studied. The growth of S. aureus, a facultative anaerobic bacterium, is slower anaerobically than aerobically. When grown on brain heart infusion broth at 37°C, the anaerobic generation time at mid-log phase was 80 min, compared with 35 min for the aerobic control. In contrast to previous studies demonstrating that staphylococcal cell density was 9- to 17-fold greater in aerobic than in anaerobic cultures, data for a staphylococcal strain implicated in food poisoning showed that the cell density was only two to three times as great in aerobic cultures. Production of SEA was monitored by Western immunoblotting and shown to be growth dependent. With slower anaerobic growth, relatively less toxin was produced than under aerobic conditions, but in both cases SEA was detected after 120 min of incubation. The combined effects of temperature and aeration on S. aureus were also studied. Growth and toxin production of aerobic and anaerobic cultures at temperatures ranging from 14 to 37°C were analyzed. Growth was still observed at low temperatures in both environments. A linear model for S. aureus aerobic or anaerobic growth as a function of incubation temperature was developed from these studies. The model was tested from 17 to 35.5°C, and the results suggest that the model can accurately predict the S. aureus growth rate in this temperature range. The data suggest that anaerobic conditions are not an effective barrier against S. aureus growth.
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Beranová, Jana, María C. Mansilla, Diego de Mendoza, Dana Elhottová y Ivo Konopásek. "Differences in Cold Adaptation of Bacillus subtilis under Anaerobic and Aerobic Conditions". Journal of Bacteriology 192, n.º 16 (25 de junio de 2010): 4164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00384-10.
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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis, which grows under aerobic conditions, employs fatty acid desaturase (Des) to fluidize its membrane when subjected to temperature downshift. Des requires molecular oxygen for its activity, and its expression is regulated by DesK-DesR, a two-component system. Transcription of des is induced by the temperature downshift and is decreased when membrane fluidity is restored. B. subtilis is also capable of anaerobic growth by nitrate or nitrite respiration. We studied the mechanism of cold adaptation in B. subtilis under anaerobic conditions that were predicted to inhibit Des activity. We found that in anaerobiosis, in contrast to aerobic growth, the induction of des expression after temperature downshift (from 37°C to 25°C) was not downregulated. However, the transfer from anaerobic to aerobic conditions rapidly restored the downregulation. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, the induction of des expression was substantially reduced by the addition of external fluidizing oleic acid and was fully dependent on the DesK-DesR two-component regulatory system. Fatty acid analysis proved that there was no desaturation after des induction under anaerobic conditions despite the presence of high levels of the des protein product, which was shown by immunoblot analysis. The cold adaptation of B. subtilis in anaerobiosis is therefore mediated exclusively by the increased anteiso/iso ratio of branched-chain fatty acids and not by the temporarily increased level of unsaturated fatty acids that is typical under aerobic conditions. The degrees of membrane fluidization, as measured by diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy, were found to be similar under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Tesis sobre el tema "Aerobic growth conditions"
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Beckhouse, Anthony Gordon Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "The transcriptional and physiological alterations in brewers yeast when shifted from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24201.
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Yeast are exposed to many physical and chemical stresses when used in large-scale industrial fermentations, particularly the initial stages in which yeast are shifted from anaerobic storage to aerated wort. This work investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of yeast that had been shifted from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions. Microarray technology was employed to determine the transcriptional changes that occurred in the first hour of a pilot-plant fermentation compared to the 23rd hour. It was found that over 100 genes were up-regulated initially including genes involved in the synthesis of the essential membrane sterol ergosterol and genes for the protection of cells against oxidative stress. It was also determined that cells which accumulate ergosterol precursors in the absence of ergosterol were more sensitive to exogenous oxidative stresses, indicating a role for ergosterol in oxidative stress tolerance. Aeration of anaerobically grown cells did not affect their growth kinetics or viability. However, anaerobically grown cells were hypersensitive to exogenous oxidative stress compared to their aerobic counterparts. Anaerobic cells that underwent a short period of aeration prior to treatment with hydrogen peroxide generated a tolerance to the oxidant, indicating that the period of aeration produced an adaptive-like response. Microarray analysis of the cells during the period of aeration showed that representative genes from the oxidative stress response family were up-regulated rapidly and it was determined that the response was controlled by the Yap1p and Skn7p transcription factors. Deletion of the transcription factor genes indicated that they were responsible for the creation of tolerance to oxidant. Target gene products of the two transcription factors (Gpx2p, Gsh1p and Trx2p) were shown to be induced during the shift to aeration; however, the glutathione redox balance did not seem to be affected as the cells were shifted from highly reduced to oxidising environments. Unexpectedly, it was discovered that genes involved in the synthesis of amino acids were up-regulated during anaerobic growth and stringently downregulated upon aeration of cells. The transcriptional activator of those genes (Gcn4p) was essential for growth in anaerobic media which included amino acid supplementation.
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Ketley, David Andrew. "The effect of fully anoxic conditions and frequency of exposure to anoxic and aerobic conditions on the growth of low F/M filaments in nitrogen remova". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9633.
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Includes bibliography.Filamentous bulking, caused predominantly by low F/M filaments (Blackbeard et al, 1986, 1988), results in considerable settling problems in full scale nitrogen (N) and nutrient (N & P) removal activated sludge plants in South Africa. The development of specific methods for control of low F/M filaments in these plants would lead to significant savings because higher flows and loads could be treated in existing plants. From the findings of Blackbeard et al (1986, 1988) an extensive research project was undertaken by Gabb et al (1989a) into specific control of low F/M filament bulking. This project investigated the effectiveness of selectors, the proposed method of low F/M filamentous bulking control and found them to be ineffective. Consequently a second comprehensive laboratory research investigation was commenced in 1989. The work presented in this thesis forms a part of this investigation; the experimental investigation was conducted in 3 phases investigating (1) the effect of fully anoxic conditions and low nitrate concentrations during the anoxic phase of an intermittent aeration cycle on low F/M filament growth in continuously fed completely mixed single reactor systems receiving a synthetic sewage feed; (2) the effect of fully anoxic conditions on low F/M filament growth in continuously fed completely mixed single reactor systems receiving real sewage; and (3) the effect of alternating the frequency of exposure of low F/M filaments to anoxic/aerobic conditions (i.e. increasing the length of the aeration cycle but maintaining the aerobic mass fraction) in intermittently aerated continuously fed single completely mixed reactor systems receiving real sewage.
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Peksel, Begum. "Proteome Analysis Of Hydrogen Production Mechanism Of Rhodobacter Capsulatus Grown On Different Growth Conditions". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614133/index.pdf.
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Rhodobacter capsulatus is a versatile organism capable of growing on different growth conditions including photofermentation in the presence of carbon source, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration in the presence of an external electron acceptor such as DMSO. The photofermentative growth of R.capsulatus results in hydrogen production which stands out as an environmentally harmless method to produce hydrogen and accepted as one of the most promising process. Due to the serious problems such as as global climate change and environmental pollution caused by the fossil fuels, there is an increasing requirement for a clean and sustainable energy source. Furtherrmore, the ability of R.capsulatus to fix nitrogen, to use solar energy makes it a model to study various aspects of its metabolism. Thus the goal of this study is to increase the potential in biohydrogen production with the photofermentative bacteria and to investigate the proteins playing roles in different growth modes of the bacteria.
In the present study, protein profiles of Rhodobacter capsulatus grown on respiratory, anaerobic respiratory and photofermentative growth modes were obtained. LC-MS/MS system is used to analyze the proteome as a high throughput technique. Physiological analysis such as HPLC for the analysis of the carbon source consumption, GC and analysis of pigments were carried out to state the environmental conditions. As a result, total of 460 proteins were identified with 17 proteins being unique to particular growth condition. Ratios of the proteins in different growth conditions were compared and important proteins were highlighted.
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Sutton, Victoria Regina. "Regulation of the FE-S forms of FNR under aerobic growth conditions". 2004. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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MUZZIOTTI, GIL DAYANA ISABEL. "Physiological response of the anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris 42OL to high light intensity". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1028530.
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This thesis is constituted of an introductive section given detailed information about the metabolic versatility of purple non sulfur bacteria. An exhaustive description of the photo-fermentation process in purple non sulfur bacteria is also offered, with particular consideration to the conditions needed to produce hydrogen. The acclimation (chromo-acclimation) to high light intensities in purple non sulfur bacteria is detailed described, and the role of photo-pigments into this process is highly considered. Moreover, a short description of all ways to dissipate the excess of energy by photosynthetic organisms, is included in this introduction. The use of different techniques to understand the molecular/ energetic status of the photosynthetic unit is presented, with particular attention to Pulse- Amplitude- modulation (PAM) fluorescence and Saturation Pulse Method of Quenching Analysis. In this section, a general view regarding the inhomogeneity problems of light distribution during the photo- fermentation process using purple non sulfur bacteria is offered. Furthermore, short statements about one topic with a few references in literature is described, i.e. production of hydrogen as a way to discard the excess of reducing power generated as a result of high light intensities exposure. The main aim of this thesis was to study the behavior of the purple non sulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain 42OL to different culturing conditions illuminated at high light intensities, with particular interest to the production of hydrogen as a way to dispose the excess of reductants and as a mechanism to preserve a well physiological status. Besides, the acclimation to high light intensities in this strain was also one of the main objectives to be studied, particularly the trend of photo- pigments.
Libros sobre el tema "Aerobic growth conditions"
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Armstrong, Neil y Willem van Mechelen, eds. Oxford Textbook of Children's Sport and Exercise Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.001.0001.
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Comprehensive and up to date, this textbook on children’s sport and exercise medicine features research and practical experience of internationally recognized scientists and clinicians that informs and challenges readers. Four sections—Exercise Science, Exercise Medicine, Sport Science, and Sport Medicine—provide a critical, balanced, and thorough examination of each subject, and each chapter provides cross-references, bulleted summaries, and extensive reference lists. Exercise Science covers growth, biological maturation and development, and examines physiological responses to exercise in relation to chronological age, biological maturation, and sex. It analyses kinetic responses at exercise onset, scrutinizes responses to exercise during thermal stress, and evaluates how the sensations arising from exercise are detected and interpreted during youth. Exercise Medicine explores physical activity and fitness and critically reviews their role in young people’s health. It discusses assessment, promotion, and genetics of physical activity, and physical activity in relation to cardiovascular health, bone health, health behaviours, diabetes, asthma, congenital conditions, and physical/mental disability. Sport Science analyses youth sport, identifies challenges facing the young athlete, and discusses the physiological monitoring of the elite young athlete. It explores molecular exercise physiology and the potential role of genetics. It examines the evidence underpinning aerobic, high-intensity, resistance, speed, and agility training programmes, as well as effects of intensive or over-training during growth and maturation. Sport Medicine reviews the epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and management of injuries in physical education, contact sports, and non-contact sports. It also covers disordered eating, eating disorders, dietary supplementation, performance-enhancing drugs, and the protection of young athletes.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Aerobic growth conditions"
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Shioi, Yuzo, Ken-Ichiro Takamiya y Michio Doi. "Effect of Light on Growth and Bacteriochlorophyll Formation in Rhodobacter Sulfidophilus Under Aerobic Conditions". En Research in Photosynthesis, 99–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0383-8_22.
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Goddek, Simon, Alyssa Joyce, Sven Wuertz, Oliver Körner, Ingo Bläser, Michael Reuter y Karel J. Keesman. "Decoupled Aquaponics Systems". En Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 201–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_8.
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AbstractTraditional aquaponics systems were arranged in a single process loop that directs nutrient-rich water from fish to the plants and back. Given the differing specific nutrient and environmental requirements of plants and fish, such systems presented a compromise to the ideal conditions for rearing of both, thus reducing the efficiency and productivity of such coupled systems. More recently, designs that allow for decoupling of units provide for a more finely tuned regulation of the process water in each of the respective units while also allowing for better recycling of nutrients from sludge. Suspended solids from the fish (e.g. faeces and uneaten feed) need to be removed from the process water before water can be directed to plants in order to prevent clogging of hydroponic systems, a step that represents a significant loss of total nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The reuse of sludge and mobilization of nutrients contained within that sludge present a number of engineering challenges that, if addressed creatively, can dramatically increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaponics systems. One solution is to separate, or when there are pathogens or production problems, to isolate components of the system, thus maximizing overall control and efficiency of each component, while reducing compromises between the conditions and species-specific requirements of each subsystem. Another potential innovation that is made possible by the decoupling of units involves introducing additional loops wherein bioreactors can be used to treat sludge. An additional distillation loop can ensure increased nutrient concentrations to the hydroponics unit while, at the same time, reducing adverse effects on fish health from high nutrient levels in the RAS unit. Several studies have documented the aerobic and anaerobic digestion performance of bioreactors for treating sludge, but the benefits of the digestate on plant growth are not well-researched. Both remineralization and distillation components consequently have a high unexplored potential to improve decoupled aquaponics systems.
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Tandoi, V., M. Beccari, R. Ramadori y L. Sebastiani Annicchiarico. "ACINETOBACTER SP GROWTH IN ALTERNATE ANAEROBIC–AEROBIC CONDITIONS". En Biological Phosphate Removal from Wastewaters, 305–8. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-035592-4.50032-8.
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Verma, Himanshi, Meghna Jindal y Shabir A. Rather. "Bacterial Siderophores for Enhanced Plant Growth". En Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 314–31. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.ch011.
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The soil is a repository of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Among these, more bacteria are found, most of which are located in the rhizosphere region of the soil. The rhizosphere, under the direct control of plant root secretions, is the complex, narrow area of the soil. It is densely populated with microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that interact with the plants. These interactions influence the growth of the plant directly or indirectly. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inhabiting the rhizosphere colonizes the plant roots and increases plant growth via different mechanisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient required by almost all life forms including plants. Oxidation of Fe2+ (soluble) to Fe3+ (insoluble) due to the soil's aerobic conditions limits its bioavailability. Siderophores are selective low molecular weight ferric ion chelators secreted by bacteria to acquire iron from the surrounding. They bind to iron (Fe3+) with high specificity as well as high affinity. By helping the insolubilisation of iron, it promotes the growth and yield.
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Ashraf, Naira y Moieza Ashraf. "Response of Growth Inhibitor Paclobutrazol in Fruit Crops". En Prunus. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92883.
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Paclobutrazol (PBZ; IUPAC name: (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol) is a triazol derivative and an antagonist of gibberellins. It has been shown to inhibit shoot growth in various perennial fruit trees. Paclobutrazol application reduced the number of shoots, transforming trees into a more desirable, spur-type growth habit as the vegetative sink was reduced. This compound induces an early and intense flowering, diminishing vegetative growth and reducing the extension of buds, allowing for ripening and the initiation of apical buds inflorescence. Besides, it also increases fruit set, the years following application as a carryover effect. An increase in return bloom is a common response to paclobutrazol treatment and has been reported for various fruit crops. Paclobutrazol is widely used to advance harvest maturity in various fruit crops and it improves fruit quality in terms of accelerated colour development, delayed and synchronized fruit maturation and control of preharvest fruit drop. It is known to improve fruit physical and fruit chemical characteristics. Fruit calcium is increased for 2–3 years due to carry over effect. It helps in the maintenance of better fruit quality during storage and influences nutrient uptake in various fruit crops including stone fruits. It has been characterized as an environmentally stable compound in soil and water environments with a long half-life under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
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P. Smith, Daniel y Nathaniel T. Smith. "Solanum tuberosum Cultivation Using Nitrogen Recovered from Local Wastewater". En Solanum tuberosum - a Promising Crop for Starvation Problem [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98554.
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This chapter presents an approach to recover nitrogen from human waste-water at local-scale for cultivation of Solanum tuberosum (potato) as food crop. Nitrogen capture is by ion exchange of ammonium (NH4+) onto zeolite, a natural low cost mineral which is available worldwide. A coupled process is described in which wastewater ammonium is sorbed to granular zeolite, biologically extracted (desorbed), and used to support Solanum tuberosum growth in fill-and-drain or irrigation cultivation. The system employs separate components to optimize conditions for ammonium sorption (anaerobic ion exchange), desorption (aerobic bioextraction), and cultivation (flexible timing of water and nitrogen supply and nutrient recycle). System architecture provides a low cost and readily implemented system for highly efficient nitrogen capture and incorporation into potato tuber. The nitrogen recycle system enables sustainable local-scale intensification of Solanum tuberosum production and enhanced food security through use of a reliable local nutrient supply. Metrics are presented for per capita tuber production, land area, and productivity. A system design is presented with a path forward for demonstration and development.
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Watson, J. E. y R. F. Harris. "Diffusion-Linked Microbial Metabolism in the Vadose Zone". En Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0011.
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Figure 7.1 is a schematic of nutrient and contaminant transformations and cycling in the vadose zone. As detailed in Harris and Arnold (1995), higher plants take up C, N, P, and S in their most oxidized forms and use, via photosynthesis, the Sun’s energy and low-energy electrons from the oxygen in water to convert the oxidized forms of these essential elements into the relatively high energy reduced forms comprising plant biomass. Following plant death, the biomass residues enter the soil and are attacked by soil organisms as a source of food. The plant residues are depolymerized and the reduced, high-energy monomers are assimilated in part into soil organism biomass, and in part are used as electron donors to combine with the most thermodynamically efficient electron acceptors for dissimilatory energy generation to drive growth and maintenance reactions. In aerobic zones, oxygen is the preferred electron acceptor as long as it is nonlimiting. Death of soil organisms produces dead biomass which re-enters the biological reactor. Ultimately, via respiration in aerobic soils, all the reduced C, N, P, and S materials are released as their oxidized forms, and oxygen is reduced to water to complete the cycle. Ideally, the cycle is conservative, particularly from the standpoint of nonleakage of nutrients, such as nitrate, into the groundwater. Similarly, contaminants entering the vadose zone, either as a function of agronomic use or by accident, should ideally be integrated into the natural nutrient cycles and converted to harmless by-products for assimilation and dissimilation by soil organisms and higher plants (Liu, 1994). Management of nutrient and contaminant transformations by the soil organisms requires a thorough understanding of the ecophysiological and solute transport ground rules that control the nature and rates of transformation options available to the soil organisms. In models of chemical transport and transformation through the vadose zone, colonies of microorganisms are frequently treated as a homogeneous biofilm reactor (Grant and Rochette, 1994). Often, modeling efforts are focused on environmental conditions external to the microbial colony. This consideration of the colony as a biofilm with relatively constant nutrient uptake rates ignores the growth differentiation that occurs as the colony develops
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Galbraith, David W. y Jan BartoŠ. "Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting in Plant Biotechnology". En Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0021.
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Higher plants comprise approximately 250,000 described species and represent a critical component of the planetary biomass. They contribute functions essential for life, of which the most important is photosynthesis, as it provides the means for conversion of incident solar radiation into biomass accumulation, as well as the oxygen required by aerobic life forms. Fixed carbon in the form of carbohydrate provides the basis of the food chain, and metabolic interconversions within plants provide a variety of essential dietary factors. Plants also provide biomass in the form of structural materials and are the source of many natural products with important biomedical properties. As a consequence, considerable scientific interest is invested in determining the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth, development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Investment has also been made in developing tools and resources for biological investigations using plants. Notable advances include the development of genetics, of means for transformation using defined DNA sequences, and most recently, of the entire nuclear genome sequences of two plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa). On the basis of information of this type and that from other sources, it is evident that higher plants share many features with other eukaryotic organisms. Shared features can be observed at many levels; for example, the overall method of construction of cells, in which a bilamellar plasma membrane separates the cytoplasm from the external milieu and provides primary homeostatic regulation. Eukaryotic cells of different kingdoms share organelles, as well as overall regulatory mechanisms. Shared, or highly similar, protein sequences are observed, and they perform similar functions as enzymes, regulatory molecules, or structural components . Higher land plants have evident differences from other eukaryotes. They contain unique classes of organelles primarily devoted to energy capture from sunlight (plastids and peroxisomes). Of these, chloroplasts contain highly fluorescent pigments devoted to photosynthesis, which, particularly chlorophyll, provide unique and powerful signals that can be employed for flow cytometric analysis. Higher plants are also essentially immobile in the sporophytic stage and hence must be capable of responding to changes in environmental conditions and to biotic attack.
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Basavaraju, M. y B. S. Gunashree. "Escherichia coli: An Overview of Main Characteristics". En Escherichia coli [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105508.
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Escherichia coli is a type of bacteria that lives in many places in the environment, including the gastrointestinal system of humans and warm-blooded animals, where it is part of the gut microbiota. Some strains of E. coli can be administered as probiotics and are known to have a positive effect on host health. However, some strains can be pathogenic, causing intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans as well as animals. E. coli is hence a bacterium with a wide range of different natural types of strains, each with its own set of features. Because of its unique qualities, such as simplicity of handling, availability of the entire genome sequence, and capacity to grow in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, E. coli is also a popular bacterium for laboratory research and biotechnology. So, E. coli is considered to be the utmost widely utilized microbe in the field of recombinant DNA technology, and it is used in a wide range of industrial and medical applications.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Aerobic growth conditions"
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Sabliy, Larisa, Veronika Zhukova y Lyubov Kika. "Effective Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater from Nitrogen Compounds". En The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.ii.22.
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Even after using physico-chemical and biological methods, tannery wastewater still contains a large amount of nitrogen compounds, which reaches 90 mg/dm3. The ingress of such wastewater into natural reservoirs leads to eutrophication. The goal is to determine the efficiency of nitrogen compounds removal during sequential wastewater treatment in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic bioreactors with immobilized microorganisms. For the study, wastewater from a tannery, collected after cleaning in aeration tanks, was used. Model solutions with a concentration of 18.4 - 90 mg/ dm3 were obtained by dilution. 5 sequential bioreactors were used - anaerobic (2 stages), anoxic (2 stages) and aerobic (1 stage) with a capacity of 125 ml/h. Microorganisms were immobilized in each bioreactor on artificial carrier. The effects of organic nitrogen removal in anaerobic bioreactors were 58-66%, anoxic 51-70%, aerobic 57, 5%. A decrease in the concentration of nitrogen compounds occurs as a result of the formation of N2, NH3 gases and the use of nitrogen by microorganisms for biomass growth. It is proposed that sequential treatment of tannery wastewater in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions with immobilized microorganisms made it possible to obtain a high degree of nitrogen removal. The method does not require chemical materials and is ecological.
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Molokwane, Pulane E. y Evans M. N. Chirwa. "Development of a Carbon-14 Bioseperation Technique for Cleanup of Nuclear Graphite". En The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7164.
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A preliminary study on the bioseperation of Carbon-14 was carried out using a mixed-culture of microorganisms obtained from the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor Company (PBMR). The culture demonstrated the ability to bioaccumulate radiocarbon-14 (C-14) from solution. The experiment consisting of a growth vessel and a biofilter connected in a closed loop. The biofilter was not installed for the purpose of treatment but rather as a method of isolation of microorganisms for further processing. Significant amounts of C-14 were detected in the trapped cells in the biofilter, significantly higher than in controls taken before adding carbon sources containing C-14. The microorganisms were grown under micro-aerobic conditions with graphite carbon and commercially purchased powdered carbon as the predominant supplied carbon sources. Small amounts of sucrose (500 mg/L) were added at 48 hour intervals to promote the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms. Additional work is required to determine the amount of C-14 escaping through gases produced as a product of metabolism (CO2 and CO) and the total carbon metabolized by the microorganisms in order to report with accuracy the degree of separation of C-14 from the C-14/C-12 mixture. A proof of concept study is underway to determine the C-14 mass balance, characterize the microorganisms in the reactor, and establish the presence or absence of processes that might have affected the preliminary observations.
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Vasilenko, Marina, Marina Vasilenko, Elena Goncharova, Elena Goncharova, Yury Rubanov, Yury Rubanov, Yulia Tokach y Yulia Tokach. "THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS". En Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b942983b288.82436639.
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The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.
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Vasilenko, Marina, Marina Vasilenko, Elena Goncharova, Elena Goncharova, Yury Rubanov, Yury Rubanov, Yulia Tokach y Yulia Tokach. "THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS". En Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315392c8d.
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The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.
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Okoro, Franklin, Patricia Odukwe y Mary Frank-Okoro. "Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR): mechanism, rate of biodegradation of hydrocarbon, field applications and challenges". En SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211939-ms.
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Abstract This paper investigated the biodegradation of selected hydrocarbons (e.g., alkanes, such as decane, and others) by open mixed microbial cultures. Laboratory experiments were conducted with the aim to investigate the rate of biodegradation of dodecane using glass bioreactors over an incubation period of 31days. In the study, dodecane represented the hydrocarbon used, and the microbial activity was subjected to aerobic conditions. Mineral water was used to stimulate the microbial growth. The results obtained indicated that an increase in the rate of biodegradation can be achieved, thus resulting in an increase in the oil recovery efficiency. It can be inferred that MEOR is a "high-risk, high reward" process, depending on whether the microorganisms can produce oil recovery-enhancing chemicals by utilizing the residual oil within the reservoir as a carbon source. The high risk in this context refers to the severe constraints that the microbial system must satisfy in order to utilize an in-situ carbon source. The rewards however are that the logistical cost and difficulty in implementing the process is similar to those of implementing a waterflood.
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Onabanjo, Tosin, Giuseppina Di Lorenzo, Theoklis Nikolaidis y Yinka Somorin. "Application of Bio-fAEG: A Biofouling Assessment Model in Gas Turbines and the Effect of Degraded Fuels on Engine Performance Simulations". En ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49657.
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The recent advances for flexible fuel operation and the integration of biofuels and blends in gas turbines raise concern on engine health and quality. One of such potential threats involves the contamination and the growth of microorganisms in fuels and fuel systems with consequential effect on engine performance and health. In the past, the effects of microbial growth in fuels have been qualitatively described; however their effects in gas turbines have not necessarily been quantified. In this paper, the effects of fuel deterioration are examined on a simulated aero-derivative gas turbine. A diesel-type fuel comprising of thirteen (13) hydrocarbon fractions was formulated and degraded with Bio-fAEG, a bio fouling assessment model that defines degraded fuels for performance simulation and analysis, predicts biodegradation rates as well as calculates the amount of water required to initiate degradation under aerobic conditions. The degraded fuels were integrated in the fuel library of Turbomatch (v2.0) and a twin shaft gas turbine was modeled for fuel performance analysis. The results indicate a significant loss in performance with reduced thermal efficiency of 1% and 10.4% and increased heat rate of 1% and 11.6% for the use of 1% and 10% degraded fuels respectively. Also parameters such as exhaust gas temperature and mass flow deviated from the baseline data indicating potential impact on engine health. Therefore, for reliable and safe operation, it is important to ensure engines run on good quality of fuel. This computational study provides insights on fuel deterioration in gas turbines and how it affects engine health.
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Ito, Miu y Yuichi Sugai. "Study on Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Microorganism Generating Foam in Presence of Nanobubbles". En SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205671-ms.
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Abstract Both high cost and environmental load of surfactant are issues to be solved in foam EOR. Moreover, it is difficult to control the injection of surfactant and gas so that the foam is generated in only high permeable zones selectively in oil reservoir. The authors have found a foam generating microorganism and hit upon an idea of the microbial foam EOR which makes the microorganism do generating foam in oil reservoir. The mechanism of the microbial foam generation and culture condition suitable for the foam generation were studied in this study. A species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a foam producer in this study. It was cultured in the medium consisting of glucose and eight kinds of minerals at 30 °C and atmospheric pressure under anaerobic conditions. Because P. aeruginosa generally grows better under aerobic conditions, the microorganism was supplied with oxygen nanobubbles as the oxygen source. The carbon dioxide nanobubbles were also used as a comparison target in this study. The state of foam generation in the culture solution was observed during the cultivation. The surface tension, surfactant concentration, protein concentration, polysaccharides concentration and bacterial population of the culture solution were measured respectively. The foam was started to be generated by the microorganism after 2 days of cultivation and its volume became maximum after 3 days of cultivation. The foam generation was found in the culture solution which contained both oxygen nanobubbles and carbon dioxide nanobubbles whereas little foam was found in non-nanobubbles culture solution. The foam generation found in the culture solution containing carbon dioxide nanobubbles was more than that in the culture solution containing oxygen nanobubbles. Both gas and protein concentration increased along with the formation of the foam whereas surfactant and polysaccharides were not increased, therefore, the foam was assumed to be generated with gas and protein which were generated by P. aeruginosa. It was found that the carbon dioxide nanobubbles were positively charged in the culture medium whereas they were negatively charged in tap water through the measurement of zeta potential of nanobubbles, therefore, the carbon dioxide nanobubbles attracted cations in the culture medium and became positively charged. Positively charged carbon dioxide nanobubbles transported cations to the microbial cells of P. aeruginosa. Among cations in the culture medium, ferrous ions are essential for the protein generation of P. aeruginosa, therefore, the positively charged carbon dioxide nanobubbles attracted ferrous ions and transport them to the microbial cells, resulting the growth and metabolism of P. aeruginosa were activated. Those results suggest that the microbial foam EOR can be materialized by supplying the microorganism with carbon dioxide nanobubbles or ferrous ions.
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Florescu, Oroles, Liliana Becea y Mariana Mezei. "OPTIMISING THE STRUCTURING OF PHYSICAL EFFORT DURING PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS ACCORDING TO BODY PARTICULARITIES, ASSESSED THROUGH BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE USING BODYVISION SOFTWARE". En eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-179.
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Lifestyle, lack of physical movement, sedentariness have all led to the growth of obesity among young people in our country. The major risk of obesity at a young age is that such persons would continue to have overweight issues later on in life, with all the negative consequences implied. The purpose of this research is: to measure and assess in a complex way, by using modern technology and an appropriate software program, the body composition of students at the Politehnica University of Bucharest, to create a database for the body composition of young people aged between 19 and 25 years, which is relevant by the number of subjects and the complexity of the assessed indicators, as well as to obtain real data allowing for the subsequent optimization of the means used in physical education and sports lessons. The sample investigated comprised 361 subjects, of which 207 males and 154 females, with ages between 19 and 25 years, all students at University Politehnica of Bucharest. The students participating in this research were informed about its objectives and agreed to the processing, analysis and storage of the data regarding their assessments. In this research we have used the Tanita FitScan BC-601 device with bodyvision software, considered by the specialists as being a powerful instrument in assessing not only the health condition in terms of body composition but also in the monitoring of efficiency of any fitness program. Using bioelectric impedance analysis technology (BIA) based on the data provided by 8 electrodes, the Tanita soft provided 19 assessments: 9 at a global level and 10 at a segmentar level (arms, legs and trunk). Of all these assessments, the most relevant for our research are the weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, bone mass, metabolic age and total body water. The values provided by Tanita have been recorded in protocols, centralized in tables and statistically and mathematically processed. The comparison of the indicators obtained with the reference values according to the subjects' gender and age particulars has been presented graphically. The values resulting from this research have been capitalized in a database for the population with ages between 19 and 25 years according to the gender particulars for the following indicators: weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, bone mass, metabolic age and total body water. The results will be used in elaborating lesson structures for the students at University Politehnica of Bucharest, together with an optimal component of the aerobe effort that will lead, in time, at the normalization of the body composition and, indirectly, at the improvement of the health condition.
Informes sobre el tema "Aerobic growth conditions"
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Van Rijn, Jaap, Harold Schreier y Yossi Tal. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation as a novel approach for water treatment in marine and freshwater aquaculture recirculating systems. United States Department of Agriculture, diciembre de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696511.bard.
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Ammonia waste removal in recirculating aquaculture systems is typically accomplished via the action of nitrifying bacteria in specially designed biofilters that oxidize ammonia to produce nitrate. In the majority of these systems nitrate is discharged to the environment through frequent water exchanges. As environmental considerations have made it necessary to eliminate nitrate release, new strategies for nitrate consumption are being developed. In the funding period we showed that ammonia removal from wastewater could take place by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation process carried out by bacterial Planctomycetessp. Referred to as “anammox”, this process occurs in the absence of an organic source and in the presence of nitrite (or nitrate) as an electron acceptor as follows: NH₃ + HNO₂ -> N₂ + 2H₂O. Annamox has been estimated to result in savings of up to 90% of the costs associated with was wastewater treatment plants. Our objective was to study the applicability of the anammox process in a variety of recirculating aquaculture systems to determine optimal conditions necessary for efficient ammonia waste removal. Both seawater and freshwater systems operated with either conventional aerobic treatment of ammonia to nitrate (USA) or, in addition, denitrifying biofilters as well as anaerobic digestion of sludge (Israel) were tested. Molecular tools were used to screen and monitor different treatment compartments for the presence of Planctomycetes. Optimal conditions for the enrichment of the anammox bacteria were tested using laboratory scale biofilters as well as a semi-commercial system. Enrichment studies resulted in the isolation of some unique heterotrophic bacteria capable of plasmid-mediated autotrophic growth in the presence of ammonia and nitrite. Our studies have not only demonstrated the presence and viability of Planctomycetes spp. in recirculating marine and freshwater systems biofilter units but also demonstrated the applicability of the anammox process in these systems. Using our results we have developed treatment schemes that have allowed for optimizing the anammox process and applying it to recirculating systems.
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Halevy, Orna, Sandra Velleman y Shlomo Yahav. Early post-hatch thermal stress effects on broiler muscle development and performance. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597933.bard.
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In broilers, the immediate post-hatch handling period exposes chicks to cold or hot thermal stress, with potentially harmful consequences to product quantity and quality that could threaten poultry meat marketability as a healthy, low-fat food. This lower performance includes adverse effects on muscle growth and damage to muscle structure (e.g., less protein and more fat deposition). A leading candidate for mediating the effects of thermal stress on muscle growth and development is a unique group of skeletal muscle cells known as adult myoblasts (satellite cells). Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that can be stimulated to follow other developmental pathways, especially adipogenesis in lieu of muscle formation. They are most active during the first week of age in broilers and have been shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions and nutritional status. The hypothesis of the present study was that immediate post-hatch thermal stress would harm broiler growth and performance. In particular, growth characteristics and gene expression of muscle progenitor cells (i.e., satellite cells) will be affected, leading to increased fat deposition, resulting in long-term changes in muscle structure and a reduction in meat yield. The in vitro studies on cultured satellite cells derived from different muscle, have demonstrated that, anaerobic pectoralis major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion and more sensitive during myogenic proliferation and differentiation than aerobic biceps femoris cells when challenged to both hot and cold thermal stress. These results corroborated the in vivo studies, establishing that chronic heat exposure of broiler chicks at their first two week of life leads to impaired myogenicity of the satellite cells, and increased fat deposition in the muscle. Moreover, chronic exposure of chicks to inaccurate temperature, in particular to heat vs. cold, during their early posthatch periods has long-term effects of BW, absolute muscle growth and muscle morphology and meat quality. The latter is manifested by higher lipid and collagen deposition and may lead to the white striping occurrence. The results of this study emphasize the high sensitivity of muscle progenitor cells in the early posthatch period at a time when they are highly active and therefore the importance of rearing broiler chicks under accurate ambient temperatures. From an agricultural point of view, this research clearly demonstrates the immediate and long-term adverse effects on broiler muscling and fat formation due to chronic exposure to hot stress vs. cold temperatures at early age posthatch. These findings will aid in developing management strategies to improve broiler performance in Israel and the USA. BARD Report - Project4592 Page 2 of 29