Tesis: "Administrative Towns"

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Roy, Varun Kumar. "Studying urbanism: the spatial, physical and bodily manifestations in the administrative towns of provincial Bengal (1757-c.1857)". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4364.

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Roy, Varun Kumar. "Studying urbanism: the spatial, physical and bodily manifestations in the administrative towns of provincial Bengal 1957- c.1857". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4376.

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Homer, Andrew. "Administration and social change in the post-war British new towns : a case study of Stevenage and Hemel Hempstead 1946-70". Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/620746.

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This thesis examines one of the major town planning projects of the post-war period, the British new towns programme. It is a comparative study of two 'mark one' new towns, designated after the passing of the New Towns Act in 1946, Stevenage and Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire. The thesis provides a fully integrated study examining the inter-relationship of three factors: the experiences of the new town migrants; the effects of the planned environment of the towns; and the administrative framework within which they were constructed. The thesis examines two main areas: firstly, the consequences of social development policy within the British new towns and, secondly, the nature of social changes experienced by the new town migrants. The thesis outlines the dichotomy between the idealistic intentions of the Labour Government of 1945-51 and the new town planners, and the practical difficulties of putting their plans into practice. There were three main constraints to this idealism: finance, administrative difficulties and the views of the new town migrants themselves. The new towns programme was thus typified by constant struggle between these conflicting forces. Nevertheless, the thesis concludes that the programme was successful as it gave many of the new town migrants the opportunity to have a new home for the first time. The evidence suggests that the new towns soon became examples of thriving communities with ample opportunities for social interaction. However, it should be noted that this social intercourse was often despite, rather than because of, the actions of the government, the new town Development Corporations and the town planners. The thesis draws upon a wide range of sources, both primary and secondary material, published and unpublished. In the area of social development these include the original new town master plans as well as the papers of the Ministry of Housing and the Local Government held at the Public Record Office, Kew. The papers of the Development Corporations and local authorities, which are held at the Hertfordshire County Record Office, have also been used. Reference has also been made to the contemporary planning and sociological literature. Moreover, the discussion and evaluation of the social changes experienced by the population of the new towns is reliant upon records produced by the residents themselves. These include newspapers and newsletters published by the local residents' federations, and personal memoirs.

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Boitel, Anne. "Des camps de réfugiés aux centres de rétention administrative : la Cimade, analyse d'une action dans les lieux d'enfermement et de relégation (de la fin des années 1930 au début du XXIe siècle)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3096.

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Association d'origine protestante, la Cimade naît en 1939 pour venir en aide aux Alsaciens-Lorrains repliés dans le sud-ouest de la France. Son action s'oriente vers l'accueil des réfugiés dans les lieux d'enfermement et de relégation. Son histoire permet d'aborder sous un angle particulier les années 1940, les camps d'internement français et la Shoah, la Libération, l'épuration, la reconstruction et les mutations du système pénitentiaire. La Cimade œuvre durant la Guerre d'Algérie auprès des populations algériennes dans les camps de regroupement et en métropole dans les centres d'accueil des familles harkies comme indochinoises et dans les bidonvilles où vivent les travailleurs post-coloniaux. Enfin,le gouvernement fait appel à la Cimade en 1984 pour intervenir dans les centres de rétention administrative auprès des étrangers reconduits à la frontière. Sa présence est exclusive jusqu'en 2007. L'histoire de cette association permet de saisir comment d'une assistance humanitaire, l'action bascule vers une "juridiciarisation" dès les années 1970. La continuité de sa présence livre une lecture originale de la gestion des étrangers en France. Interface entre "le dedans et le dehors", la Cimade est en tension permanente avec l'Etat. Association de terrain, pouvant sembler participer à la cogestion du système de l'enfermement, elle ne renonce pas à son militantisme ancré à gauche et dénonce ce qu'elle considère comme des cas d'injustices. Son action est représentative de l'ambiguïté de l'interventionnisme associatif. Ce travail de thèse met en lumière les repositionnements et la progressive sécularisation d'une association protestante qui traverse une partie du XXème siècle,"siècle des camps"
Originally a Protestant association,the Cimade was created in 1939 to help people from Alsace-Lorraine,who had taken refuge in the south-west of France.Its action was mainly based on welcoming refugees in confinement and banishment places.Its history helps to understand the 1940s,the French internment camps and the Shoah as well as the purge then post-war reconstruction and the penitentiary reform.During the Algerian war,the association worked both in grouping camps in Algeria and in France where the members of the FLN were assigned.During decolonisation,it gave assistance to harkies and Indochinese families in reception centres as well as to post-colonial workers in shanty towns.As soon as 1984,the government urged the Cimade to work with foreigners escorted to the border in administrative confinement centres.Its presence was exclusive until 2007.The history of this association helps to understand how humanitarian assistance became a cause lawering in the early 1970s.Its permanent presence in camps enables us to consider the specific approach to the governments policies concerning foreigners in France.Working as an interface between "the inside and the outside",the Cimade,throughout its history,was in constant tension with govenments.Although being an association in the field,seemingly involved in joint management of the confinement system,the Cimade didn’t give up its left-centered activism, denouncing what they considered as a justice denial. Its action is representative of the ambiguities of the associations interventionism.This research highlights the repositioning and the progressive secularization of the association throughout the 20th century,the century of camps

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Gustafsson, Sofia. "Svenska städer i medeltidens Europa : En komparativ studie av stadsorganisation och politisk kultur". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1343.

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How did the Swedish towns compare to the surrounding world during the late Middle Ages concerning town organization and political culture? Previous research has claimed a strong German influence on the Swedish town life, but in this dissertation the Europeanization is being put forward as the explanatory factor for the extensive international similarities that can be identified during the Middle Ages. The towns were part of an international town culture that was highly integrated. Differences between towns are foremost analysed as a result of different local conditions such as population size, social structure and relationship to the town lord. Since preserved sources from all towns of medieval Sweden (including Finland) have been examined in a joint study and been placed in a wider context, the dissertation presents renewed and deepened knowledge about the Swedish towns. The study includes Danish, English and German towns and thus compares regions with each other that rarely have been compared before, and thereby presents new perspectives on each respective area. The aspects of the organization that are being systematically compared are the creation of councils, the number of aldermen and mayors, the rotation of offices and functions of the town lords, bailiffs, councils, mayors and chamberlains. Regarding political culture, it is investigated how the councils expressed their group cohesiveness and power in the town and how they defined the border between themselves and the town population. Furthermore, the expectations the town populations placed on the officials and their perception of their own part in the rule of the town is being examined. Finally, the political interaction between council and town population in different towns is compared and analysed.

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梁百忍 y Pak-yan Leung. "The "town-administering-county" concept and its impact on the Chinese administrative system". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197482X.

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Edgell, David. "Reframing Higher Education| A Case Study of the Educational Leadership of Elmer Towns". Thesis, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10808056.

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The purpose of this qualitative, single case study is to examine the leadership traits of Elmer Towns and the strategies employed as co-founder of Liberty University. In order to accomplish this purpose, this study will assess the behavioral traits, work habits, communication patterns, and organizational concepts he employed as the Dean of the School of Religion at Liberty University. The “Portraits of Leadership” pattern is defined by viewing the university as a complex organization through which leadership behaviors and traits are manifested as a part of managing the governance structure, the internal operations, and the academic functions of the institution. The case study method is employed by the examination of the leader’s background, formal education, influence of mentors, and defining events.

The case study is individual in its focus and seeks to analyze the leadership behaviors of Towns in the context of the “Reframing Patterns” of higher education leadership of Lee Bolman and Joan Gallos. The data from the study is organized into the concepts of reframing and identifies four frames of academic leadership in which administrators of higher education often function. The data from documents, interviews, and observations are placed in four framing categories and serve as chapter headings in the research findings: Structure, Politics, Human Resource, and Symbols.

The research design for the case study uses three methods of research. The first method is document research. The study examines books and articles written by Towns in order to find leadership principles identified as essential to an organization. They also serve to identify situations and events related to the history and the function of the school. Documents related to the school and to the faculty are examined for communication and organizational factors. Faculty senate minutes, accreditation reports, catalogs, faculty handbooks, Liberty University policy documents and publications are included as data for triangulating research within the case study.

The second method of research includes interviews conducted with the dean, faculty and administration. Persons selected for the interviews worked at Liberty University for a significant part of Elmer Town’s tenure and served under him in various capacities. Three of the faculty members included in the study have written previous dissertations on Elmer Towns.

The third research approach included observations of Towns and his work with students and faculty. Observations were made while attending classes taught by Towns. Informal discussions with faculty and students also proved helpful in confirming and rejecting conclusions made during the five years. The researcher made observations from interactions with Towns in meetings, at church, and during appointments held in his office and at a local restaurant. The researcher also became a Liberty University Online adjunct professor during the time period in which the research was conducted. This allowed additional access to documents and to videos related to the leadership of Towns

Concluding findings of the case study categorize leadership traits and actions employed by Towns as Dean of the School of Religion. These traits and actions are applied within the context of higher education as a model for leaders and for deans serving in other institutions of higher learning.

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Olomola, A. O. "Town planning law and administration in Nigeria : A critique of the Nigerian town and country planning law". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378834.

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Cameron, Robert Greig. "The administration and politics of the Cape Town City Council, 1976-1986". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22607.

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Franz, Kyle Randolph y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Painting the town red : the "Communist" administration at Blairmore, Alberta, 1933-1936". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/530.

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On 14 February 1933, the citizens of Blairmore, Alberta, elected a Communist town council; this so-called Red administration remained in power until 1936. Best known for their seemingly outrageous actions, the council exists within current historiography as either the result of protracted depression or an example of the success experienced by the Communist Party of Canada during this period. This thesis will challenge both arguments, demonstrating that a series of social, economic, and political experiences resulted in the election of known Communists being socially permissible by 1933. It will be demonstrated that the agenda of council was not strictly Communist, rather it represented a balance between radical and populist programs, thus enabling council to challenge capitalist society while providing a practical response to the local effects of the Depression. The deterioration of this balance by 1936, coupled with a series of scandals, was resultant in the councils electoral downfall.
vii, 161 leaves ; 29 cm.

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Sweeney, Irene Elizabeth. "The municipal administration of Glasgow, 1833-1912 : public service and the Scottish civic identity". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25315.

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The Municipal administration of Glasgow, 1833-1912, examines the evolution of civic government in Scotland's major industrial city during a period of unprecedented urban development. The thesis is centred on the contribution of town councillors in determining a distinctly Scottish municipal identity, and the extent to which social, economic and political influences helped shape prevailing attitudes towards the public service. Biographical sources have been used to construct a collective profile of the 577 representatives who served on Glasgow Town Council during this time. However, attention is also focused on the municipal bureaucracy, especially the role of the Town Clerks. The 1833 Burgh Reform Act redefined the civic entity of Glasgow, and removed the traditional burgess basis of authcirity. Yet it was not until 1846 that the Council was able to overcome numerous legal obstacles and extend its sphere of operations. Thereafter, municipal policy was directed towards a programme of city improvenent, beginning with the spectacularly successful Loch Katrine water supply in 1855. The quality of urban life was a major civic preoccupation, and the importance of issues such as temperance reflected the concern of many councillors to present a more positive image for Glasgow. The notion of "civic pride" took firm root during the 1850s, and the following decades represented a period of steady consolidation. During this time the Council expended considerable energy in attempting to extend the municipal boundaries, particularly as many outlying areas already benefited from Glasgow's public utilities. After several false starts, success was achieved in 1891, and the municipality underwent extensive administrative restructuring. Yet by the 1900s, the rise of Labour and the spectre of "municipal socialism" had called Glasgow's civic priorities into question. Despite the controversy, there was no significant reversal of the Council's long-held expansionist strategy, and territorial additions in 1912 enlarged the city substantially.

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Lleal, Grau Mariona. "La responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración pública urbanística". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277011.

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The PhD thesis analyzes the town planning liability of Public Authority, based on section 35 of the Royal Decree – Act 2/2008, of 20th June, regulating the Land Act. The research focuses on the key new aspects introduced by the current Act. Firstly, the change in the regulations concerning land and town planning, or the change of the act or transaction in the awarding of implementation planning. Secondly, the liability related with administrative titles, which allows for works and activities to be undertaken. In that last aspect, the investigation goes beyond the traditional analysis of planning permission, by studying other figures. After examining the legislation, the scientific and jurisprudential doctrine, this thesis attempts to give answers and solutions to individuals. Finally, it studies the sections within the UK common law system. The analysis of this comparative law allows us to develop proposals that can be incorporated into our legal system
La tesis analitza les principals novetats de la responsabilitat patrimonial de l’Administració urbanística, prenent com a base l’article 35 del Text Refós de la Llei de Sòl de 2008. Entre elles, destaquen la derivada pel canvi de l’ordenació territorial o urbanística o de l’acte o negoci de l’adjudicació de l’execució urbanística; i per l’altra, la relacionada amb els títols administratius habilitants d’obres i activitats. En aquest segon apartat es realitza un pas més al tradicional estudi de les llicències urbanístiques, analitzant altres figures, com la comunicació prèvia i la declaració responsable. Juntament amb l’examen de la legislació que incideix en la matèria, la doctrina científica i en especial la jurisprudència, es pretén donar resposta a les problemàtiques i controvertides situacions en les que es troben els particulars. Finalment es realitza un profund anàlisis del sistema del common law del Regne Unit, que ens permet formular propostes per ser incorporades en el nostre ordenament jurídic

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Kabaka, Martha Nthambi. "Disaster preparedness and administrative capacity of the disaster risk management centre of the city of Cape Town". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4096.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA
The occurrence of disasters around the world has in the past few decades increased at an alarming rate, which has necessitated an urgent need for mitigation strategies. As part of its planning and precautionary measures in responding to disasters, the City of Cape Town(CoCT) established a Disaster Risk Management Centre (DRMC) to co-ordinate such occurrences. This study is focused on investigating to what extent the CoCT’s DRMC has prepared individuals and communities to stay resilient.South Africa lies within a region of Southern Africa that has a semi-arid to arid climate,thereby making most parts of the country vulnerable to numerous disasters. Given the prevalence of the localised disasters in the country, they have the potential to overwhelm the capacity of any affected community. Furthermore, in 2011, the CoCT was approached by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI) to sign up as a Role Model City for the “Making Cities Resilient--My City is Getting Ready’’ Campaign, in collaboration with UNISDR. It became the first in South African City to be granted “Role Model City’’ status, becoming the second African city to be designated as a ‘‘Role Model City’’.The findings of this study indicate that the CoCT, through its DRMC, has tried to heighten awareness in communities to prepare them against disasters. Another important finding is that there is inadequate involvement of communities in CoCT training programmes. Poorer communities, which are mostly affected by disasters, barely receive any form of capacity building, that is, through training. In addition, the language of communication used in brochures, leaflets and other forms of media is mostly in English and Afrikaans, while the majority of people living in informal settlements speak isiXhosa. The study provides an insight into the need to consolidate strategies to address disaster management

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Ng, Wai-man. "Village revitalisation/disintegration : an assessment of suburbanisation, land administration and small house development in the New Territories /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18154621.

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Nefas, Saulius. "Functional local community in Lithuanian villages and towns". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080211_091643-52976.

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The dissertation was prepared in 2000–2004 at the Vilnius Pedagogical University and in 2004-2007 at Mykolas Romeris University, The dissertation is defend without PhD studies Scientific supervisor: Prof. Habil. Dr. Stasys Puškorius (Mykolas Romeris University, Social Sciences, Management and Administration, 03S). The doctoral dissertation will be defended at the Management and Administration Research Council of Mykolas Romeris University: Chairman of the Council: Prof. Habil. Dr. Adolfas Kaziliūnas (Mykolas Romeris University, Social Sciences, Management and Administration, 03S) Members: Prof. Dr. Eugenijus Chlivickas (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Social Sciences, Management and Administration, 03S) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jolanta Palidauskaitė (Kaunass University of Technology, Social Science, Sociology 05S) Prof. Dr. Alvydas Pumputis (Mykolas Romeris University, Social Sciences, Law 01S) Prof. Habil. Dr. Stasys Puškorius (Mykolas Romeris University, Social Sciences, Management and Administration 03S) Opponents: Prof. Habil. Dr. Borisas Melnikas (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Social Sciences, Management and Administration 03S) Prof. Habil. Dr. Vygantas K. Paulikas (Mykolas Romeris University, Social Sciences, Management and Administration 03S) The public defence of the doctoral dissertation will take place at Management and Administration Research Council on 28th December, 2007 at 10 a.m. in the Senate Hall of Mykolas Romeris University (Room... [to full text]
Informacija apie disertacijos autorių: Saulius Nefas( 8 gruodžio 1960) 1978 baigė Ukmergės raj Taujėnų vidurinę mokyklą, 1978 – 1983 studijavo Vilniaus pedagoginiame institute ir įgijo istorijos mokytojo specialybę. 1997 – 2002 sociologijos studijos Vilniaus pedagoginiame universitete. Darbinė patirtis: 1983 – 1990 istorijos mokytojas Anykščių rajono Viešintų ir Anykščių Antano Vienuolio vidurinėse mokyklose. 1990 – 1995 ir 2000 – 2004 Anykščių Antano Vienuolio gimnazijos direktorius. 1995-2000 - Anykščių rajono meras. 2004 - Lietuvos Respublikos seimo narys. Nuo 2005 metų dirba lektoriumi M. Romerio universiteto Viešojo administravimo fakultete. REZIUMĖ Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje pastebime, kaip kinta žmonių mąstysena, drauge ir įvairių socialinių grupių saviorganizacijos veiksniai. Tradicinės ideologijos vis mažiau beatspindi daugumos žmonių mąstymą, pastebime, kad įsivyraujant neribotam pliuralizmui išryškėja naujos idėjos. Kartais tai būna atgimusios senos, anksčiau gyvavusios idėjos. Pavyzdys – komunitarizmo idėja, dalies šalininkų įsitikinimu, jau nusipelnanti ideologijos vardo. <...> Nagrinėdami komunitarų idėjas, matome, kad daugelį jų galime rasti ir konservatorių, ir krikščionių demokratų, ir socialistų utopistų ar net anarchistų – komunistų ideologijose“ Todėl šiuolaikiniam žmogui būtina atsirinkti iš daugybės ryškių ir ne tokių ryškių ideologinių nuostatų ir išspręsti dvigubą uždavinį: identifikuoti naujas vertybes dažnai sietinas su vienu „naujosios viešosios... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Nyamukachi, Pfungwa Michelle. "Options for urban service delivery in South Africa with special reference to the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04262005-083207.

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Nelson, David Gordon. "Law and order in the making of early modern Japan seventeenth-century Kanazawa castle town administration /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278457.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: A, page: 4432. Adviser: Richard Rubinger. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 19, 2008).

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Mills, Judith Anne. "Continuity and change : the town, people and administration of Nottingham between c.1400 and c.1600". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11358/.

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This work is a study of continuity and change in Nottingham between 1400 and 1600. It looks first at the property, market, streets and common lands of the town before examining population trends. It investigates the social structure of the town, the wealth (or otherwise) of the people and the occupations they followed. The administration of Nottingham is also considered, in particular its institutions: the Council, the courts and presentment juries, and the networks and relationships which bind them together. It also looks at real and potential challenges to the authority of these institutions and incidents of social unrest. Finally, the research also identifies some of the stimuli to change, such as national economic and demographic trends and the mid-sixteenth century imposition of the Reformation.

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Lonsako, Shumet Adnew. "Assessment of an integrated TB/HIV programme at health facilities in Hawassa town administration of Ethiopia". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5487.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Evaluation of health programmes is essential to assist programme managers in decision-making and accountability to the population they serve. Additionally, regular monitoring and evaluation of TB/HIV collaborative activities are used as a means to assess quality, effectiveness and coverage of services; yet little attention has been given to this in most developing countries. In the southern region of Ethiopia, since the inception of the TB/HIV collaborative activities in 2005, there has not been any formal evaluation pertaining to the implementation status of integrated TB/HIV services at routine program level. However, a series of TB/HIV reviews underlined many challenges that have adversely affected the implementation nationally. However, studies conducted on the quality of TB and HIV/AIDS services tend to be broad and not targeted to the integrated TB/HIV program and therefore, it was necessary to assess the implementation status in a more focused way with a vision to determine its adequacy or otherwise and make appropriate recommendations to improve integrated TB/HIV services in the town. Aim: To assess the implementation of integrated TB/HIV activities in the health facilities of Hawassa town administration Study design: Cross sectional study Study population: All health facilities, health managers, and records of TB and HIV patients in Hawassa town administration Sample population: The study population encompassed TB and HIV clinics, managers of each health facility, and sampled records of individual clients/patients enrolled in the HIV/AIDS/TB treatment and care program, from each health facility in the year 2009/10. Data collection: Face-to-face interviews with facility managers, observation of the rooms in which TB/HIV services are rendered and a review of patient records, were undertaken. Analysis: Descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages were used for analysis of facility based resource inputs, TB case finding and management, and HIV case finding and management practices. Indicator variables extracted from the record review were transformed into scales (0 or 1) and weighted to reflect the levels of TB/HIV service quality, integration and resources input. After weighting, experts' opinion was used to set a cut off level (75%) to categorize the relative service quality received by individuals and the level of integrated care provided by facilities into "adequate" or "inadequate". Bivariate analysis was done to assess the effect of independent predictor variables on outcome variables. We used a– P value of 0.1 on bivariate analysis as the cut off point for inclusion of variables into the multivariate analysis. Prevalence ratios, adjusted prevalence odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were used to present outcomes. Results: Availability of resource inputs for HIV/AIDS care was inadequate in half of the facilities in Hawassa town whereas, laboratory infrastructure for TB/HIV care was adequate in all facilities. Most (91%) HIV/AIDS patients had their CD4 count and weight (96%) measured at baseline. However, the trend declined over time and the practice was better in hospitals than in health centres. HAART status was a strong predictor of CD4 count improvement and improvement in CD4 count was found to be a strong predictor of body weight gain. TB case finding and management practices in HIV/AIDS clinics were found to be adequate in the health facilities in Hawassa town. Ninety five percent and 86% of HIV positive patients were screened for TB at baseline and at the last clinical visit respectively, of which 98%, 93% and 81% of patients co infected with TB and HIV were provided with DOTS, CPT and ART respectively. However, only 11% of HIV positive patients without active TB were provided with IPT. Only HAART status was found to be a strong predictor of TB case finding. Quality of HIV/AIDS care in health facilities in Hawassa town was adequate. Availability of at least a minimum number of staff and being on HAART were found to be strong negative and positive predictors of quality respectively. Overall, 91% of patients on HAART were retained in care at the end of the year (alive and on treatment), 6% were retained and 3% died. Resources for the TB program were deficient in our study area. Three out of four facilities had inadequate overall input resources required for good quality TB care and the fourth barely managed to achieve adequate status. However, laboratory infrastructure and availability of forms and registers were adequate in all the facilities. There was a high degree of HIV case finding and a high prevalence (17%) of HIV among TB patients. Despite this, the overall HIV care provided was inadequate, with only 64% and 73% of TB/HIV co-infected patients being provided with HAART and co-trimoxazole respectively and 22% of TB/HIV co-infected patients not enrolled in HIV care. Among sputum positive TB patients good quality TB care was found to be a strong predictor of successful treatment outcome Our study also showed consistently very high quality TB service provision in the town despite the lack of required resources. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study showed that there was relatively good quality provision of TB and HIV services despite inadequate input resources and that quality of care was positively associated with good outcomes. The study also indicated that HAART benefited patients substantially and hence earlier initiation could be the way forward. We recommend that to further improve quality of care one stop shopping services (availing both anti-TB and HIV care at the same service point within a clinic) be established. In addition, we recommend improved patient monitoring, especially for Pre-ART patients, be established.

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Burns, Cynthia Felix. "Interorganizational town-gown relationships and property taxes: A case study". W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618603.

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This study examined the relationship between a college and its local government organizations in a community that engaged in property tax or voluntary contribution deliberations with nonprofit organizations to determine the extent to which these interactions altered the preceding town-gown relationship. Interorganizational relationship theory and social interaction theory provided a theoretical framework for data collection while cooperative interorganizational relationship (CIOR) theory was utilized in describing the findings.;A qualitative, single, embedded, descriptive case study was employed to investigate the town-gown relationship between Mercyhurst College and the City, County and Public School District of Erie, Pennsylvania to determine if and how the historical town-gown association was altered by a voluntary contribution request. The research findings reveal that the town-gown relationship between Mercyhurst College and its local government organizations was altered; instead of worsening the relationship, however, as the literature suggested, the relationship between the organizations was strengthened as a result of the deliberations.;Critical to the development of this relationship was a single individual, Dr. William Garvey, who not only showed a willingness to engage in a more cooperative relationship with the local government organizations, but also displayed the leadership qualities and personal characteristics necessary to establish and nurture an environment for the relationship to develop and evolve. First, he established Mercyhurst's reputation for cooperation in the Erie community by building a personal reputation for cooperation through his involvement in civic and political affairs. Second, he conveyed a willingness to engage in a more cooperative relationship with local government by actively utilizing college resources to meet government needs. Finally, he served as champion for the relationship for both town and gown, and created an environment that sustained cooperation as a result of his status as a community leader, interpersonal relationships with government officials and charismatic leadership style.

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21

Oduor-Noah, Linda. "Performance information utilisation in The City of Cape Town Metro Municipality". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13738.

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This study looked into performance information (PI) utilisation behaviour of senior officials in the City of Cape Town Metro Municipality (CoCT). Inspired by comments around performance information having minimal effects despite its prodigious production, the study sought to determine how performance information is used and how a local government context affects utilisation behaviour. This was assessed based on conceptual approaches identified in the literature i.e. rational, and symbolic approaches to performance information, the latter subsuming both political and cultural approaches to information use. Additionally, contingency theory was referred to in order to better accommodate the notion of context and to combine the various approaches to use into one framework. A survey was administered and semi–structured interviews held with key informants to better explore this phenomenon. Descriptive and correlation analysis was carried out, with findings showing that directors use PI in both rational and symbolic ways. Both types of performance information use were affected by a range of factors, the more predominant ones being resource, internal and external environmental variables. This corroborated various other findings that state that rational approaches to information use, indeed performance management, are insufficient in providing a holistic picture of what shapes bureaucratic behaviour.

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22

Dyosi, Fiona Simakuhle. "A study of local economic development in the town of Stutterheim". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23023.

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Local economic development (LED) is progressively being implemented by developing countries and has shifted from being a development approach pursued only by industrialised nations. Academic interpretation of LED prioritises strategies based on ideas of grassroots and bottom-up development. These ideas are centred on the self-reliance of communities as well as on highlighting the benefits of creating partnerships with different actors for local development. This approach to development is encouraged in South Africa's post-apartheid local government system and is outlined in the sphere's constitutional philosophies of participatory democracy and developmental local government. As such, from the mid-1990's, LED has been embedded in legislation in South Africa, and local governments have been instructed to support LED projects and to assist in their implementation. The consensus is that the implementation of LED by South Africa's local governments has generally not been a success, and poor rural municipalities have been the most negatively impacted by these results. This dissertation looks at the evolution of LED implementation in the small rural town of Stutterheim. The first LED initiative in the town took place in the early 1990's in line with the national political transformation of South Africa from apartheid to democratic governance. This initiative has been heralded as one of the most successful cases of LED in the country. What is most noteworthy about the case is that it pre-dates the establishment of a formal post-1994 local government system and LED policy in South Africa. The LED initiative in the town has survived this formalisation but with significant revisions and reduction in its LED role in the town. This paper is primarily concerned with such revisions and the extent to which they have been a consequence of the relationship between the town's initial LED coordinator, the Stutterheim Development Foundation, and the new local government constitutionally mandated with LED. The paper further interrogates the implementation of LED in Stutterheim after 2000 and post-Stutterheim Development Foundation.

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23

Hanson, John William. "An urban geography of the Roman world, 100 B.C. to A.D. 300". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f7f02498-4ae1-4ff0-81f6-aad909f041b1.

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Although there have been numerous studies of individual cities or groups of cities, there has never been a study of the urbanism of the Roman world as a whole, meaning that we have been poorly informed not only about the number of cities and how they were distributed and changed over time, but also about their sizes and populations, monumentality, and civic status. This thesis provides a new account of the urbanism of the Roman world between 100 B.C. and A.D. 300. To do so, it draws on a combination of textual sources and archaeological material to provide a new catalogue of cities, calculates new estimates of their areas and uses a range of population densities to estimate their populations, and brings together available information about their monumentality and civic status for the first time. This evidence demonstrates that, although there were relatively few cities, many had considerable sizes and populations, substantial amounts of monumentality, and held various kinds of civic status. This indicates that there was significant economic growth in this period, including both extensive and intensive economic growth, which resulted from an influx of wealth through conquest and the intrinsic changes that came with Roman rule (including the expansion of urbanism). This evidence also suggests that there was a system that was characterised by areas of intense urban demand, which were met through an efficient system for the extraction of necessity and luxury goods from immediate hinterlands and an effective system for bringing these items from further afield. The disruption of these links seems to have put this system under considerable strain towards the end of this period and may have been sufficient to cause its ultimate collapse. This appears to have been in marked contrast to the medieval and early modern periods, when urbanism was more able to respond to changes in supply and demand.

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24

Ng, Wai-man y 吳慧敏. "Village revitalisation/disintegration: an assessment of suburbanisation, land administration and small housedevelopment in the New Territories". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259212.

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Matthews, Ryan. "A description of practices of analgesia administration by advanced life support paramedics in the City of Cape Town". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21187.

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Introduction: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are ideally placed to provide relief of acute pain and discomfort. EMS frequently follow locally prescribed guidelines and have a variety of qualifications each with differing capabilities and scopes of practice. The objectives of this study are to describe prehospital pain management practices by EMS in the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: A retrospective descriptive survey was undertaken of analgesic drug administration by advanced life support (ALS) paramedics. Patient care records (PCRs) generated in t he City of Cape Town during an 11 month period containing administrations of Morphine, Ketamine, Nitrates and 50% Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen were randomly sampled. Variables studied were drug dose, dose frequency, and route of administration, patient age, gender, disorder and call type as well as qualification and experience level of the provider. Results: A total of 530 PCRs were included (N=530). Morphine was administered in 70% (95% CI 66 - 74, n=371) of cases, Nitrates in 37 %(95% CI 33 - 41, n=197) and Ketamine in 1.7% (95% CI 1 - 3, n=9) of cases. A total of 5mg or less of Morphine was administered in 75% (95% CI 70 - 79, n=278), with the mean dose being 4mg (IQR 3 - 6). Single doses were administered in 72.2% (95% CI, 67 - 77, n=268) of Morphine administrations, 56% (95% CI, 21 - 86, n=5) of Ketamine administrations and 82% (95% CI, 76 - 87, n=161) of Nitrate administrations. Chest pain was the reason for pain management in 43% (n=226) of cases. ALS providers have a median experience level of 2 years (IQR2 - 4). Conclusion: ALS providers in the Western Cape appear to use low doses of Morphine, with most analgesia administered as a single dose. Chest pain is an important reason for drug administration in acute prehospital pain. Paramedics do not appear to be using a weight based nor a titration based strategy.

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26

Simpson, Graham. "The evolution and substance of integrated development planning". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51977.

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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Development planning, or more specifically integrated development planning, has been identified as the most appropriate form of planning to satisfy the wide range of needs of the very diverse populations of South Africa's cities and towns, and to mirror the political and social changes brought about by the advent of democracy. In this study the evolution of the concept of development planning as well as the present form of integrated development planning in South Africa is looked at. This is complemented with a study of the process itself, as it has materialised in reality in six local governments. What was found was that an innovative system has come about, culminating in the first cycle of the integrated development planning system. This consists of a number of steps or phases, namely, assessing the current reality, formulating goals and strategies, and ultimately monitoring and reviewing what has been achieved, all guided by a set of predetermined principles and implemented through the municipality's budget. It was found that the process has much potential to plan for real development, allow for authentic public participation and promote sectoral and intergovernmental integration.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkelingsbeplanning, en meer spesifiek, geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning, is geidentifiseer as die mees toepaslike vorm van beplanning wat die wydlopende behoeftes van Suid-Afrika se stede en dorpe, en sy diverse bevolking suksesvol kan aanspreek. Dit is veral van toepassing om die nuwe politieke en maatskaplike veranderinge, wat deur die instel van demokratiese regering geskep is, te weerspieel, In die werkstuk is die evolusie van die konsep van ontwikkelingsbeplanning asook die huidige formaat van geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning in Suid-Afrika ondersoek. Dit is gemeet deur 'n studie van die verloop van die proses in ses plaaslike besture. Uit die studie is vasgestel dat 'n innoverende sisteem ontwikkel is, wat geeindig het met die eerste siklus van die proses van gemtegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning. Die siklus bestaan uit 'n aantal stappe of fases, soos: beraming van die huidige realiteite, formulering van doelstellings en strategiee, en uiteindelik die monitering en oorsig van wat bereik is. Dit alles word gerig deur 'n stel voorafbepaalde beginsels en geimplementeer deur die munisipaliteit se begroting. Dit is bevind dat die proses potensiaal het vir beplanning om reele ontwikkeling moontlik te maak, werklike publieke deelname toelaat, en sektorale en interregerings integrasie bevorder.

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Fili, Linda Phinx. "The effectiveness in the administration of the national school nutrition programme in King Williams Town in the Eastern Cape". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020965.

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Health and education are two important aspects of human capital and form the basis of an individual’s economic productivity in any country. In South Africa, hunger and malnutrition continue to hamper the health, quality of life and survival of school going children such that some children drop- out of school due to these socio-economic problems (Tomlinson,2007:2). The introduction of previous School Feeding Schemes to address the question of hunger and poverty within schools was mostly left in the 1980’s and 1990’s to charitable and Non-Governmental Organizations such as Operation Hunger and ITHUBA (Swartz, 2009:38). According to Perlman (1993:14) South Africa’s track record of child deaths was more than double that of any other country of similar income levels worldwide, due to the apartheid government deserting its responsibility of feeding the nation. The White Paper for the Transformation of Health System (1997: 125) had also stated that improving nutrition within the rural schools is an imperative and a sound economic investment which is politically rewarding. Nelson Mandela (1996:8) once said “Our children are our nation’s future. Prospects for development are seriously undermined by the kind of large scale deprivation of children that South Africa has experienced. On the other hand investing in their health, nutrition and education not only improves our children’s quality of life – the gains reverberate into the future generations. ” From April 1994, through the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) the Government of National Unity under the leadership of Dr. Nelson Mandela identified the area of school feeding as a policy prime concern in redressing the imbalances and inequities of the past governments. Another initiative to redress the inequities of the past, was through the programme of Poverty Reduction which manifested itself in lack of income, lack of education and skills, lack of access to services and amenities and lack of ownership of land and housing (Public Service Commission, 2007.

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Qomfo, Luyanda Shylock. "An assessment of the feasibility of implementing a district health system in the City of Cape Town". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52098.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Government of National Unity, through its adoption of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in 1994, committed itself to the development of a District Health System (DHS) based on the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach as enunciated at Alma Ata in 1978. This approach is the philosophy, on the basis of which many health systems around the world have been reformed, and out of which has developed the concept of the DHS. District-based health systems are now applied successfully in many countries, and have been adapted to a wide variety of situations, from developing countries on our own continent, to more sophisticated systems elsewhere. A National Health System based on this approach is as concerned with keeping people healthy as it is with caring for them when they become unwell. The concepts of "caring" and "wellness" are promoted most effectively and efficiently by creating decentralised comprehensive management units of the health system, adapted to cater for local needs. These units will provide the framework for our district-based health system, in which a district health authority can take responsibility for the health of the total population in its area. This population-based model allows for constant assessment and monitoring of health problems in the district, the facilities and system provided, and leads to efficient and rational planning. The researcher conducted interviews with key stakeholders, used structured questionnaires and observation and reviewed the relevant National and Provincial documentation and performed a literature review, to assess the feasibility of implementing DHS in the City of Cape Town. The main findings of this research are that the City of Cape Town does have the capacity to implement and sustain the DHS, that it is necessary to implement the DHS in the CCT in order to improve the quality of life of the population, and that there is enough personnel to take the process forward. The main recommendations include the need for training of staff, the promotion of communication and transparency in relation to finances and an ongoing support system from the provincial and national health departments. The research assignment has revealed that the move towards DHS has the blessings of the top management and politicians of the eeT. In addition, it has been established that the Cï.T possesses good infrastructure, technical skills, and human resource capacity. There is also willingness on the part of the unions to take this process forward. There are also challenges that need to be addressed, such as difficulties around staff attitudes, and the training of officials so as to accommodate the requirements of a comprehensive primary health care system, effective and efficient utilisation of available resources and change management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-afrikaanse regering van nasionale-eenheid het met die aanvaarding van die Herekonstruksie en Ontwikkelings program (Hop) in 1994, Suid Afrika tot die ontwikkeling van gesondheidsdistrik stelstel verbind. Hierdie stelsel is gebaseer op die primere gesondheidsorg (POS) benadering wat te Alma Alta in 1978 geformuleer is. Die POS is die dryfkrag agter die verandering van verskeie gesondheidstelsels die wereld oor. Vanuit hierdie POS het die distriksgesondheidstelsel ontwikkel. Hierdie distriksgesondheidstelsel word tans suksesvol in baie lande toegepas en is aanpasbaar by verskillende omstandighede, van die Afrika kontinent tot meer gesofistikeerd stelsels op ander kontinente. 'n Nasionale gesondheidstelsel gebaseer op hierdie benadering is ewe besorg om mense gesond te hou asook om na hulle om te sien wanneer hulle ongesond is. Die begrippe van besorgheid en welsyn word effektief en doeltreffend bevorder deur die skepping van n gedesentraliseerde omvattende bestuurseenheid van die gesondheidstelsel wat aangepas is vir plaaslike behoeftebevrediging. Hierdie eenhede voorsien die raamwerk vir n eie distriksgebaseerde gesondheidstelsel, waarbinne die distriksgesondheidsregeerders verantwoordelikheid vir die gesondheid van die totale bevolking en hul gebied aanvaar. Hierdie bevolkingsgebaseerde model laat toe vir voortdurende beoordeling en monitering van gesondheidsprobleme binne die distrik. Dit bepaal watter beskikbare fasiliteite en dienste voorsien moet word sodat doeltreffende en rasionele beplanning kan geskied. Navorsing is onderneem om die lewensvatbaarheid van die implementering van n distrikgesondheidstelsal binne die stad Kaapstad, met 'n speciale fokus op finansiele en menslike hulpbronne, te bepaal. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van 'n gestruktureerde vraelys en literatuurstudie om die lewensvatbaarheid tydens die implementering van die distrikgesondheidstelsel vir die stad Kaapstad te bepaal. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekking met betrekking tot hierdie navorsing is dat die stad Kaapstad oor die vermoe beskik om 'n distrikgesondheidstelsel te implementeer en te onderhou ten einde die lewenskwaliteit van mense te verseker. Daar is verder bevind dat daar genoeg personeel is om hierdie proses te voltooi. Die belangrikste aanbeveling sluit in die opleiding van personeel, die bevordering van kommunikasie en deursigtigheid in verhouding tot finansies en voortdurende ondersteuning vanaf provinsiale en nasionale gesondheids departmente.

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29

Maharaj, Roshen Chathram. "A review of the door to needle time for administration of fibrinolytics in acute myocardial infarction in Cape Town". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11329.

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The aim of this study is to determine the current door to needle time for administration of fibrinolytics in acute myocardial infarction in Emergency Centres in the Cape Metropole. This study will also aim to identify the factors contributing to the delay.

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30

Yende-Mthethwa, Josephine. "Perceptions of curriculum 2005 : grade one primary teachers in twenty-eight Cape Town schools". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18040.

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Includes bibliography.
This study looks at teachers' perceptions of Curriculum 2005, in order (i) to understand how a group of Grade One teachers, in the Cape Town region, are reacting to the introduction of an outcomes-based-system, and (ii) to make sense of where their understandings might come from. The study holds signiﬁcance because it helps to shed light on the reality of policy implementation, and the importance of the teacher in the process of policy-making and policy implementation. The study explores the patterns of teachers' thoughts within a variety of diverse school contexts. This diversity is assessed through the use of a detailed questionnaire, in-depth interviews and site visits. Forty-one Grade One teacher's perceptions of Curriculum 2005 were studied. This process involved the use of Grounded Theory principles, which guided the data collection process and analysis procedure. The outcome of this approach led to the formulation of a model, which outlines the process of understanding the personal (internal) and social (external) factors, which affect the development of teachers' perceptions towards change. The study suggests that there are three main categories of perceptions of Curriculum 2005 that teachers fall into, although each category is dynamic. Within each category both internal and external factors affect the development of teachers' perceptions of educational change. The analysis shows that within and between each category the factors of age and experience play a role in the way teachers come by their teacher knowledge and develop their teaching practice. The study also reveals the dynamic nature of teachers' understanding, consciousness and perceptions of Curriculum 2005, and seeks to show how dependent these are on a variety of internal and external factors. The development of perceptions is both a process and a product within the minds of individuals. The ﬁndings of the research suggest that both personal and -social dynamics play a major role in the development of teacher knowledge and teaching practice. The study seeks to emphasise that there is need to recognise and promote the professional development of teachers, and to achieve this there is a need to understand teachers in the process of educational change. It is suggested that each school context generates different dynamics, and in order to address the question of change it is also necessary to address the speciﬁc position of teachers within the school. At the same time the study emphasises the need to bridge the gaps between policy-making and policy implementation.

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31

Coombs, Julie-Anne. "The impact of stressful life events on antiretroviral treatment adherence and viral load amongst adults in Gugulethu, Cape Town". Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32554.

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Optimal antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence is critical in achieving virologic suppression. Most people living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-related challenges which may be compounded by the experience of stressful life events (SLE) with adverse effects on their ART adherence and therefore affecting viral suppression. The highest concentration of people living with HIV (PLWH) is in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) which are challenged with high rates of poverty and unemployment. Limited published data is available on the impact of the stressful life events experienced by PLWH in LMIC on ART adherence and viral load. A secondary analysis was conducted using data collected in a randomised control trial (RCT) which investigated the impact of a real-time electronic adherence monitoring device (EAMD) on ART adherence in ART-naïve individuals to assess the impact of SLE on ART adherence and viral load. Part A of this dissertation includes the study proposal/ protocol as approved by the Departmental Research Committee and the Human Research Committee at the University of Cape Town. Part B details the literature review which examined all published studies which report on stressful life events in PLWH, with ART adherence or a viral load as an outcome. The review included published literature from 2008 to 2019. Part C includes the publish-ready manuscript which details the statistical analysis, results and interpretation of the secondary analysis of impact of SLEs on ART adherence and viral load among 200 individuals living with HIV. Part D, appendices were included as supporting documentation necessary for the conduct of this research and as required for the completion of this dissertation. The American Psychological Association (APA) 6th Edition referencing style was used for Part A and B. The Vancouver referencing style was used for Part C as per the instructions for authors by the Aids and Behaviour journal guidelines.

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32

Choi, Hee Sun. "Place-identity in 21st century contemporary new town development in South Korea : using the case of the proposed multifunctional administrative city in South Korea". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543798.

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33

Jikeka, Sisa. "An evaluation of the ward committee system as a mechanism for enhancing service delivery in the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality : a case study of Du Noon, ward 104". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020636.

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Since the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, which identified the three spheres of government as distinctive, interrelated and interdependent, the local government sphere has been perceived in many parts of the country to be failing to fulfil its mandate of delivering essential basic services to local communities. The mandate of the South African local sphere of government has been to provide a developmental and accountable local government and to ensure provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. As a key developmental agent, local government is obliged by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 to develop a culture of municipal governance that encourage and create conditions for the local community to participate in the affairs of the municipality. In this regard, ward committees have been introduced to municipalities as community structures to play a critical role in linking and informing the municipalities about the needs, aspirations and challenges of their communities. In adherence to national legislation, such as the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act 117 (Act117 of 1998) and the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality established advisory structures in the form of ward committees throughout its area of jurisdiction to advise the municipal council on any matter within the council’s competence. As a representative structure of the community the ward committee is expected to serve as a link between the council and the community and for this purpose articulates community needs and aspirations to better the living standards of the community. Despite the stated objectives of ward committees, the Du Noon area has been identified by City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality IDP: 2012-2017 as the ward with backlogs in infrastructure and service delivery. This study evaluates the extent at which the Du Noon ward committee (Ward 104) is enhancing service delivery in its area of jurisdiction. A sequential use of mixed methods was preferred, since quantitative and qualitative research methods were found to be complementary rather than opposed approaches. Using both obtrusive and unobtrusive collection procedures, the methods employed proofed practically useful. To this end, the study sought to examine extent at which the Du Noon ward committee is enhancing service delivery in its area of jurisdiction. The study further attempted to suggest practical techniques of bringing a resolve to the challenges faced by the ward committee in as far as providing effective and efficient service delivery to the community without fail.

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34

Alban, Lucas Carlos y Michael Wieneck. "Let Them Brand This Town : A Qualitative Study of How Major Cities Manage User-Generated Content in Their Branding Strategies". Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39818.

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Background: Ongoing urbanization and increased visits to urban areas make cities around the globe compete with each other. As places increasingly aim to attract visitors, residents, businesses or investments, place branding becomes a new discipline within the field of marketing and city branding arises as a means to differentiate a city in the global marketplace. In order to communicate with their potential audience, the digital space allows brands to address potential customers through two-way-communication. In this context, user-generated content (UGC) becomes an interesting alternative to interact with audiences, offering marketing professionals the opportunity to effectively engage stakeholders in the branding process and co-create the city brand. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain a broader understanding of how, within the place branding context, major city brands manage UGC in their social media strategies. Method: The study relied on a qualitative methodology and was conducted with an abductive approach. Primary data was gathered through email-based interviews with a sample of eleven representatives from valuable major city brands, as well as with one independent professional in the field of place branding consultancy. Conclusion: In the city branding context, UGC was found to be an effective tool to engage with stakeholders and build a strong brand in order to differentiate it among its competitors. Four categories of potential issues connected to the application of UGC were uncovered: Control, Credibility, Motivation as well as Features of UGC. Finally, a model of UGC facilitating the participatory approach to city branding was proposed by the authors.

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35

Justice, Robert A. "Historic Preservation Leading to Heritage Tourism as an Economic Development Strategy for Small Tennessee Towns". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2066.

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Historic preservation has been a successful economic development tool that has led to heritage tourism in some Tennessee towns but not in others. The problem studied was to determine if there was a set of tangible attributes a town must possess to be successful in using historic preservation as an economic development tool. Through an extensive literature review, 59 predictor variables were identified and arranged into 6 research questions looking at the tangible attributes related to town demographics, geography, organizational structure, historic preservation organizations, heritage tourism organizations, and town financial structure. Data were collected from a mailed survey of 32 town managers. The response rate was 68.8% (N = 22). Secondary sources, such as U.S. Census data, were used to collect data when those sources appeared consistent and mandatory. The study used logistic regression analysis to compare successful towns, defined as those towns in the upper third of study towns for tourism expenditures per capita, with less than successful towns. The 32 study towns met the criteria of having a 2003 population of fewer than 10,000 and a nationally-recognized historic district that coincided with the towns' central business districts. The results of the logistic regression analysis on the individual predictor variables indicated that 5 were statistically significant--median age, distance to a major city, restaurant beer sales, Grand Division, and merchants' association. Constraining the final predictive model (Garson, 2006) to no more than 1 variable per 10 cases 3 led to the inclusion of median age and merchants' association as the 2 predictor variables that provided the highest predictive value of correctly classified towns (95.8%). In summary, this study is inconclusive in determining whether historic preservation leads to heritage tourism and can be used as an economic development tool by small Tennessee towns. However, it has been established that 5 attributes or characteristics of small towns does contribute to the probability of success and that median age and the existence of a merchants' association proved to be the best predictive model.

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36

Edmon, Valerie M. "The effect of consciousness of social, political and historical context on adjustment of undergraduate students at the University of Cape Town : a qualitative study". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10486.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94).
It has been shown that black students are generally not finding the academic success in South African universities that would confirm a truly equitable educational system. In response to this, universities in South Africa have taken several different measures to bridge this gap and provide the support needed for these students to thrive through various programmes that provide supplementary support and extended degree programmes to educationally disadvantaged students.

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37

Burger, Helena Louisa. "Politieke en administratiewe strukturele desentralisasieverskynsels in plaaslike owerhede in die Kaapse Metropool sedert demokrasie : 'n vergelykende perspektief". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50061.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since democracy, South Africa underwent significant changes and an encompassing integration and re-design of the state and society took place structurally, functionally and value-wise. The type of reform is accompanied with decentralisation or centralisation of powers and functions. Decentralisation is utilized by governments to achieve certain goals, and arguments that are normally raised in favour of decentralisation relate to efficiency of administration, democratisation, social and economic development, freedom and nation-building. The study investigates only political and bureaucratic/administrative structural decentralisation phenomena that appeared in local authorities in the Cape Metropole since democracy. A comparative perspective is given on phenomena that appeared in the City of Tygerberg and the City of Cape Town and the decentralisation phenomena are evaluated in terms of criteria for successful decentralisation. To be able to give the decentralisation comparative perspective, the study followed a variety of approaches. Firstly, the nature and extent of decentralisation is investigated. Secondly, decentralisation under the democratic state in the different spheres of government is investigated. Thirdly, South African policy which guides decentralisation initiatives on local government level is investigated. Fourthly, the study focusses on the two local government organisations the City of Tygerberg and the City of Cape Town to investigate which political and bureaucratic/administrative structural decentralisation phenomena appeared, and to which degree the phenomena complied with the values and requirements for successful decentralisation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert demokrasie het Suid-Afrika aansienlike hervormings ondergaan en het daar 'n omvattende integrasie en herontwerp van die staat en samelewing struktureel, funksioneel en waardegewys plaasgevind. Die tipe hervorming gaan gepaard met desentralisasie of sentralisasie van magte en funksies. Desentralisasie word deur regerings aangewend om sekere doelwitte te bereik en argumente wat normaalweg ten gunste van desentralisasie gevoer word, hou verband met doeltreffendheid van administrasie, demokratisering, sosiale en ekonomiese ontwikkeling, vryheid en nasiebou. Die studie ondersoek slegs politieke en burokratiese/administratiewe strukturele desentralisasie verskynsels wat in plaaslike owerhede in die Kaapse Metropool sedert demokrasie voorgekom het. 'n Vergelykende perspektief word gegee van desentralisasie verskynsels wat in die Stad Tygerberg en die Stad Kaapstad voorgekom het en die desentralisasie verskynsels word geëvalueer aan die hand van kriteria vir suksesvolle desentralisasie. Om die desentralisasie vergelykende perspektief te kon gee, volg die studie verskillende benaderinge. Eerstens word die aard en omvang van desentralisasie ondersoek. Tweedens word desentralisasie onder die demokratiese staat in die verskillende vlakke van regering ondersoek. Derdens word Suid-Afrikaanse beleid bestudeer wat desentralisasie-inisiatiewe rig op plaaslike regeringsvlak. Vierdens word op die twee plaaslike owerheidsorganisasies Stad Tygerberg en Stad Kaapstad gefokus om te ondersoek watter politieke en burokratiese/administratiewe strukturele desentralisasie verskynsels voorgekom het en in watter mate die verskynsels aan die waardes en vereistes wat vir suksesvolle desentralisasie gestel word, voldoen.

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38

Nabais, Ramos Manuel. "Le gouverneur civil au portugal". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40064.

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Le gouverneur civil portugais ne cesse d’être, pour les juristes, les politistes et les historiens, une sourceconstante d’interrogations. Établi en 1832 par José Xavier MOUZINHO da SILVEIRA avec le titre de prefeito, puisen 1835 avec celui de gouverneur civil, en même temps que la création du district en tant que division administrativedu territoire, il a été, dès ses origines, fortement inspiré du préfet français. L’institution a été instaurée dans laperspective de créer une séparation entre les fonctions juridictionnelles et administratives, lesquelles relevaient descomarcas. De même, il s’agissait de doter le pouvoir royal d’une réelle structure politique à l’échelon local. Par lasuite, les Codes administratifs successifs, révisés ou adoptés quasiment à chaque alternance politique, avantl’avènement de l’État Nouveau et la Constitution Politique de 1933, n’ont pas bouleversé fondamentalement lesattributions de l’institution en tant que représentation locale du pouvoir central, et il a fallu attendre le Codeadministratif de 1940 pour faire du gouverneur civil un acteur essentiel de la vie administrative et politique locale.Après la transition démocratique, qui a fait suite à la Révolution des OEillets du 25 avril 1974, et l’adoption de laConstitution de la République Portugaise de 1976, le gouverneur civil, toujours nommé par le pouvoir central, a étémaintenu à titre transitoire… durant quatre décennies. Depuis l’échec du référendum du 8 novembre 1998, relatif à larégionalisation administrative du territoire, les relations complexes de la classe politique à l’égard de l’institutioncentrale du district se sont toujours inscrites entre perspectives de suppression, volonté de réformes et indécisions. Encela, elles sont révélatrices des atermoiements et des paradoxes de la classe politique qui souhaitait une réforme enprofondeur du gouverneur civil, mais qui maintenait l’institution dans une situation ambiguë. La loi organiquen° 1/2011 du 30 novembre 2011 a disposé que le gouverneur civil était supprimé. En l’absence d’un représentantlocal du pouvoir central on propose une réforme théorique dans laquelle le prefeito régional représenterait l’État dansles régions administratives lorsqu’elles auront été instaurées
The role of the Portuguese Civil Governor remains a constant source of interrogation for lawyers, politicalscientists and historians. It was established in 1832 by José Xavier MOUZINHO da SILVEIRA, under the title ofPrefeito then in 1835 at the time of the creation of the district as an administrative division of the territory, the titlebecame the “Civil Governor”. It was initially inspired by the French Prefect. The institution was founded in anattempt to separate the jurisdictional and administrative functions within the districts. Similarly, the goal was toprovide the royal power with a real political structure at local level. Accordingly, before the advent of the New Stateand the Political Constitution of 1933, the revised and adopted administrative codes, resulting from any politicalchange, did not fundamentally alter the powers of the institution as a local representation of the central power. TheCivil Governor only became a key player in the administration and local politics following the Administrative Codeof 1940. After the democratic transition following the Carnation Revolution (April 25, 1974) and the adoption of theConstitution of the Portuguese Republic in 1976, the Civil Governor, who was always appointed by the centralgovernment, has remained in a transitory state for four decades, more than a third of a century. Since the referendumof November 8th 1998 relating to the administrative regionalization of the territory failed, the complex relationshipsbetween the political class and the central institution of the district have always wavered between the prospect ofsuppression, the desire for reform and indecisiveness. As such these relations revealed the prevarications andparadoxes of the political class which wanted an in depth reform of the Civil Governor’s role while maintaining theinstitution in an ambiguous situation. The organic law n° 1/2011 of November 30th 2011 states that the CivilGovernor is abolished. In the absence of the local representative of the central power, a theoretical reform is proposedwhere the regional Prefeito represents the State in the administrative regions once they are established

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39

Jamieson, Thomas Robert. "Municipal administration in Aberdeen : the impact of state intervention on corporation policy with particular reference to housing and town planning 1890-1939". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401109.

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40

Robert, Makuna Kananga M. "Administration of the adjusted Rorschach comrehensive system to learners in a previously disadvantaged school in the western Cape". University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4269.

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Magister Educationis - MEd
The study focuses on the administration procedure of Adjusted Rorschach Comprehensive System (ARCS) to learners from a previously disadvantaged school in the Western Cape. ARCS is the Rorschach administration procedure developed by Moletsane-Kekae (2004) in her research study. The aim of the study was to determine the response rate of learners from a previously disadvantaged school when they were exposed to the Adjusted Rorschach Comprehensive System (ARCS). The objectives are to determine the possible factors that can lead to high and low response rate when administering Adjusted Rorschach Comprehensive System (ARCS). The main assumption that guides the study was that the responses of the administration of Adjusted Rorschach Comprehensive System (ARCS) to the learners from a previously disadvantaged school in the Western Cape would yield more than 14 responses (R>14). The study adopted a qualitative approach, case study design, interpretivist paradigm. The Rorschach test, ARCS procedure, observation, interview, and Field notes were used as data collection techniques. The sample was made of six learners (3 girls and 3 boys) in Year 1 selected from a previously disadvantaged school in Cape Town. In order to analyze the data, the thematic analysis and interpretation procedures were used. The results revealed that the majority of the learners gave high responses, because the ARCS accommodated their cultures, believe and backgrounds. This study found out that language, seating arrangement, strategies using during the ARCS procedure were the factors that influenced the higher response rate. Furthermore, the study also found that the lack of previous exposure and experience of the psychological test was a factor that can lead to low response.

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41

Wigglesworth, John Michael. "Planning law and administration in Hong Kong, with particular reference to the position in the United Kingdom". Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12322507.

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42

Ravele, Nthambeleni Peter. "A study of factors of effectiveness in Cape Town secondary schools". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17527.

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Bibliography: pages 167-184.
Through this study I will be able to focus on how school effectiveness factors as identified in school effectiveness literature operate in relation to the individual circumstances of a particular school. This is an element that signifies a point of departure from the school effectiveness paradigm that sought to generalize or view such factors as operating similarly in all schools with similar outcomes. Through this study I intend to understand that factors of effectiveness identified in school effectiveness literature operate differently in different schools.

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43

Cade, Sandra L. "Intercultural dynamics of power in a USMidwestern town stories of the enactment of local education policy /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3169304.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Leadership and Policy Studies and Curriculum and Instruction, 2002.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 8, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-04, Section: A, page: 1257. Advisers: Bradley A. U. Levinson; Robert Arnove.

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44

Lee, Marisa Rene. "BICYCLE TOURISM PLAN FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A TEMPLATE FOR RURAL AGRICULTURAL TOWNS AND A CASE STUDY FOR THE CITY OF WINTERS, CALIFORNIA". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1383.

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Bicycling is a method of tourism transportation that is healthy, non-invasive, environmentally responsible, and economically sustainable. It allows freedom, mobility, and sightseeing potential that is not made possible by other modes of transit. Thousands of bicycle tourists travel from all over the globe annually to explore California on touring bikes via established cycling routes and robust determination. Thousands of additional domestic and international visitors take weekend trips, plan family vacations, travel for business, or tour California from abroad, many of whom are excellent candidates for local and regional bicycle touring at a more gentle intensity level. The increasing popularity and prominence of bicycle tourism, among both domestic and international travelers, carries great potential for economic benefit to local communities. Rural and agricultural communities can particularly benefit from bicycle tourism, as these communities do not normally experience the benefits of tourism as significantly as their urban, coastal or mountainous neighbors. Tourism that is developed in accordance with the size, scale, constraints and character of a particular community can have a beneficial effect on the economics and industry of the area. Infrastructure projects to this effect, such as development of a town or regional trail system, wayfinding features, or other resources come with benefits for visitors and locals in the form of recreation, public health, mobility, and access to food, drink, amenities, scenic areas, jobs and commerce. Trails may further improve the economy of the local housing market, as proximity to trails has a positive effect on housing values. Incorporation of agricultural destinations into local tourism planning creates a draw for visitors and can become a mutually beneficial relationship – contributing to the economic stability of the agriculture industry, preserving local farm lands, increasing tourism revenue and educating the public on the importance of local farming. Through careful planning of the touristic components of the destination, rural communities can achieve multifaceted economic benefits of diverse and versatile tourism amenities.

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45

Moerat, Fuad. "A study of child labour with regard to Black newspaper vendors in the Cape Peninsula". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14281.

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Bibliography : leaves 142-148.
The study was designed to investigate child labour with particular regard to Black newsvendors in the Cape Peninsula. Data was gathered from interviews with local organisations active in the field of child labour and the employment conditions of newsvendors, as well as a field study carried out in the Cape Peninsula. A review of local and international literature was also undertaken. A brief account of child labour in the Western Cape is given which provided the necessary backdrop to the study. The field study involved in-depth interviews with 52 Black newsvendors in the Cape Peninsula. This comprised interviews with the first available four newsvendors in each of the 13 areas in the Cape Peninsula in which newspapers are sold by vendors. Respondents completed an interview schedule administered by the researcher. The interview schedule furnished information on the employment conditions of newsvendors, their role as wage-earners, their education and training, their safety, health and welfare. Analysis of the data revealed that the majority of newsvendors worked as child labourers under deplorable working conditions. The findings demonstrated that young Black newsvendors comprised a pool of cheap and exploited labour. Their exploitation is evident in their deprivation of family life, of reasonable working hours, of time to pursue social and leisure interests as children, of a negotiated wage, of favourable working conditions, of dignity, of the acknowledgement of the value of their labour, of legal protection, of membership in an effective worker organisation, of further acquisition of knowledge and skills, of opportunities and scope for advancement. The findings reveal that young Black newsvendors work under conditions detrimental to their health, safety and welfare. Many young Black newsvendors who sell newspapers in the early hours of the morning often start to work without breakfast. They spend a considerable amount of time on the streets without any rest periods, leading to irregular mealtimes, while many survive on food of inferior nutritional value. These young newsvendors have to survive in occupational circumstances where robberies and assaults frequently occur. In these circumstances the peer group begins to play an important role. Young newsvendors are often induced to succumb to the influences of co-workers. The newsvendors in this study also expressed a deep sense of hopelessness and despondency about their own lives. Any prospects of a better future are seriously curtailed by the lack of formal education and industrial skills. The majority of the newsvendors said that they enjoyed going to school but had to leave in order to support the family income. The recommendations draw attention to the need for the improvement of working conditions, training and supportive services, but recognises that this is only possible once newsvendors are organised in an effective worker organisation.

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46

Indruchová, Petra. "Radnice Brno – Sever". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216149.

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The subject of this diploma thesis is a project of a new town hall for the district of Brno - sever. Current town hall is situated in the inconvenient building on the Bratislavská street and few decentralised offices are located in separate places. The project should solve current problems as well as to follow current trends in contemporary town hall design. Town halls of these days must cover many functions, not only the accommodation of local government, but also to be the actual centre of the town - the centre of culture, economy and services. The new town hall building is located on corner plot of land in the compound of old Brno Černá Pole barracks. The building provides leasable commercial units as well as office space for the municipal government.

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47

Mushishi, Clifford. "A case study of some of the factors which affect learning for black students in residence at the University of Cape Town". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3650.

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48

Cronje, Stanford Ebraim. "A strategic management model for the provision of housing by the City of Cape Town". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1688.

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Thesis (DTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-219).
Few issues in the public domain have attracted so much attention than the provision of housing to the poor. The provision of housing to the poor has always been a contentious issue, and has acquired special significance in the current political environment. This study describes, analyses and assesses attempts by central, provincial and local spheres of government to honour the constitutional provision of the right to have access to adequate housing. The study consists of an extensive review of the literature that comprises books, legislation and journal articles accessed from the Internet. In the process, a study is made of management theory, public management theory, and legislation pertaining to housing, as well as strategic management. On the basis of this study, an input/output transformational systems model is presented of how the Housing Department of the City of Cape Town can guide its management staff in achieving their strategic objectives. The model is a normative one intent on assisting managers to attain understanding of set objectives effectively and efficiently. The assumptions underlying the model emphasise that the model strives to improve performance. Data were collected by means of a mixed approach of a questionnaire and semistructured interviews amongst management staff in the Housing Department. The analysis of the data collected by the questionnaire was done using SPSS, with the assistance of a registered statistician. The study researched various aspects of legislative arrangements that can be utilised with a view to improving the housing delivery function. One critical aspect in the provision of housing that enjoyed attention during the semi-structured interviews is the transfer of funding for housing from the central sphere of government directly to the municipality without the provincial government acting as an intermediate. The study concludes by advising on the feasibility of conducting further research on the increasing involvement of the City of Cape Town in eviction actions brought to Court by private individuals.

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49

Okuda, Kazuko. "Les projets d'urbanisme de Tokyo et les projets d'urbanisme parisiens : étude de droit de l'urbanisme comparé français et japonais". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB126/document.

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Paris et Tokyo, les deux grandes capitales mondiales attirent les touristes, étudiants, artistes et investisseurs nationaux et étrangers. Pour faire face à leurs compétiteurs, ces deux grandes villes lancent plusieurs projets d'urbanisme. À Paris comme à Tokyo, les chantiers se trouvent dans plusieurs quartiers. Mais la procédure de l'établissement d'un plan d'urbanisme et le processus de sa réalisation sont très différents dans les deux pays. La France est un pays décentralisé comme le déclare l'article 1er de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 : « l'organisation de la République » est décentralisée. Le Japon est, par contre, un pays très centralisé. Les Japonais s'adaptent au pilotage directif, les Français apprécient le pilotage participatif. Le plan d'urbanisme est donc établi au niveau local en France, tandis que l'État et les départements prennent l'initiative au Japon, même si le pouvoir de l'élaboration d'un plan local d'urbanisme (Masterplan) est attribué aux collectivités publiques depuis 2000. Le Masterplan doit refléter les opinions des habitants. Mais la participation publique au Japon est plus réticente, alors qu'en France, toutes les personnes concernées peuvent participer à tous les processus de l'élaboration d'un plan d'urbanisme. Au Japon, depuis 1998, l'examen de la demande du permis de construire peut être délégué à une organisation privée, à la place d'un agent de la fonction publique territoriale. Depuis 2002, pour les mesures spéciales, le droit de l'expropriation peut être également confié à une personne morale de droit privé. Depuis 2003, le plan d'urbanisme peut être aussi proposé par les propriétaires de terrains et les opérateurs privés. L'inconvénient de la délégation de certains services aux personnes morales de droit privé, c'est le mercantilisme du projet d'urbanisme. Plusieurs immeubles de grande hauteur sont construits dans les zones commerciales localisées au centre-ville et même dans des zones résidentielles où il n'est permis de bâtir que des pavillons de faible hauteur. Les promoteurs de ces grandes constructions entrent souvent en conflit avec les habitants au voisinage, qui veulent conserver le paysage et l'environnement du quartier. À Paris, les immeubles de grande hauteur sont construits en périphérie de Paris. Depuis 2011, la limite de hauteur est fixée à 50 mètres. Les immeubles de grande hauteur permettent d'augmenter la surface totale habitable. Pour attribuer des logements aux étudiants, immigrés étrangers, gens du voyage et personnes les plus défavorisées, Paris encourage la construction de logements sociaux. À Tokyo, par contre, aucun nouveau logement social n'est construit depuis 1999 sous prétexte que la population commence à baisser. À Tokyo et à Kawasaki (voisine de Tokyo), en raison de la crise économique et de la baisse de la population des jeunes (20-30ans), les nouveaux logements ne se vendent pas bien depuis quelques années. En l'absence de plan d'urbanisme pour les habitants, les immeubles de grande hauteur qui se dressent partout gâchent le paysage. Malheureusement, au Japon, les tribunaux protègent rarement les intérêts privés des habitants. À la différence de la France, il n'existe pas de tribunaux administratifs qui soient compétents pour tout litige avec l'administration. Au Japon, les requêtes sont donc déposées devant le juge judiciaire. Les juges soutiennent souvent les pouvoirs publics. Une voie de recours pour demander la suspension provisoire des décisions a été créée seulement en 2004 dans le but d'élargir la protection des intérêts privés. Le juge examine si les dommages ne sont pas trop graves pour pouvoir être réparés, c'est-à-dire, qu'il évalue si la gravité des dommages produits par la décision administrative caractérise un abus du pouvoir administratif. Dans la plupart des cas, l'administration gagne le procès. Non seulement les habitants perdent le procès, mais il arrive fréquemment que les recours ne soient pas accueillis par le tribunal (...)
Paris and Tokyo are; two world capitals which attract tourists, students, artists and foreign investors. To face their competitors, these two big cities are starting several urban planning projects. In Paris, as in Tokyo, construction takes place in several districts. However, the procedures for establishing city planning schemes and the process of their realization are very different in both countries. France is a decentralized country as proscribed the article 1 of the Constitution of 4 October 1958: «the organization of the Republic» is decentralized. Japan is, on the other hand, a very centralized country. The Japanese people find top-down organization suitable, while French people appreciate the participative approach. City planning is thus established at the local level in France, while the government and prefectures take the initiative in Japan, even if the elaboration of a local urban plan (Master plan) is attributed to the local self-governing body since 2000. Master plans have to reflect the opinions of the inhabitants. The public participates in Japan reluctantly, while in France, all the concerned persons can participate in all processes of elaboration of a local urban plan. In Japan, in spite of the centralization of power, certain powers are entrusted to private citizens. Since 1998, the examination of the application of a building permit can be delegated to a private organization. Since 2002, for certain measures, the act of expropriation can be also entrusted to a private citizen. Since 2003, city planning can also be proposed by property owners and private developers. The inconvenience created by the delegation of certain services to a private citizen is the mercantilism of the urban planning project. Several skyscrapers have been built in shopping districts located in city centers and even in residential zones where it is normally prohibited to build houses with more than 3 floors. The construction of a high-rise building often involves a dispute with neighborhoods wanting to preserve the landscape and the environment of their living area. In Paris, high-rise buildings are built on the outskirts of the city. Since 2011, the height limit permitted 50 meters. High-rise buildings increase total living space allowing more residence for students, foreign workers, travelers and underprivileged persons. Paris thus encourages the construction of local authority housing. In Tokyo, on the other hand, no new local authority housing has been built since 1999 on the pretext of a decrease in the population. In Tokyo and Kawasaki (a neighboring city to Tokyo), new housing has not been able to sell because of the economic crisis and the decrease in the younger population (20-30 years old). Without city planning for the inhabitants, the skyscrapers built everywhere spoil the landscape. Unfortunately, in Japan, the courts rarely protect the interests of the inhabitants. There are no administrative courts which are competent for any dispute with the administration. In Japan, a civil suit is filed. Judges often support the public authority. A way of appeal for the temporary suspension was created in 2004 with the aim of widening the protection of private interests. Judges can now investigate if the damage is not too grave to repair. They consider if the importance of the damage produced by the administrative decision is great enough to overtake the right of discretion or abuse of the administrative power. Nevertheless, in most cases, the administration wins at trial. Not only do the inhabitants usually lose their trial, but also many trials are simply refused by the court because of a lack of interest to act. As a consequence, several urban planning projects in the region in Tokyo region de not take into consideration the interest of the inhabitants

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50

Ndevu, Zwelinzima Julian. "Analysing the impact of training and development on service delivery in the City of Cape Town". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1638.

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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006.
Every organisation needs to have well-trained and experienced human resources to perform organisational activities. In the absence of such resources, it is necessary to raise the skills levels and increase the versatility and adaptability of current personnel. The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of training and development on service delivery in the City of Cape Town. Chapter one introduced the study and includes the terms of reference, the problem statement, the objectives of the study and the key questions pertaining to the study. As part of the methodology the researcher conducted a pre-testing of the competencies of the experimental group, investigating the extent to which present competencies contributed towards execution of service delivery obligations and the extent to which lack of capacity contributed to lack of service delivery. Chapter two provided information on the evolution of local government training and development in South Africa. The chapter found that there has been a complete democratization of local government structures where the emphasis has been on greater development, particularly in terms of human resource development. Chapter three analysed the Human Resource Development Strategy for staff development in the Western Cape Provincial Administration. Legislation such as the South African Qualifications Authority Act 1996 (SAQA), the Skills Development Act of 1998 and the Skills Development Levies Act of 1999 formed the basis for Human Resource Development Strategy in the Western Cape Province particularly the in City of Cape Town. Chapter four put forward the research design and methodology. The technique used to obtain information for the study included a literature review. A survey was conducted with selected employees. In the chapter a brief overview of the study is provided, as well as the methods utilized, data collected and the proposed data analysis. Chapter five concluded the study and put forward recommendations. One such recommendation is for example, the utilization of the concept training and development in a more concrete way, and the redefinition of the consequent roles or duties of trainers. It may appear as if implementation of training and development was not done effectively. It is unclear whether trainers were able to conceptualise and interpret the aims and objectives of training and development in the City of Cape Town.

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