Artículos de revistas: "Addition de Giese"

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Kitcatt, David M., Simon Nicolle y Ai-Lan Lee. "Direct decarboxylative Giese reactions". Chemical Society Reviews 51, n.º 4 (2022): 1415–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cs01168e.

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Han, Shengnan, Shaodong Liu, Lei Liu, Lutz Ackermann y Jie Li. "Cobalt-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Difluoroalkylation/Giese Addition Domino Reactions". Organic Letters 21, n.º 14 (13 de mayo de 2019): 5387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01400.

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Dong, Jianyang, Xiaochen Wang, Zhen Wang, Hongjian Song, Yuxiu Liu y Qingmin Wang. "Visible-light-initiated manganese-catalyzed Giese addition of unactivated alkyl iodides to electron-poor olefins". Chemical Communications 55, n.º 78 (2019): 11707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06400a.

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Lee, Geun Seok y Soon Hyeok Hong. "Formal Giese addition of C(sp3)–H nucleophiles enabled by visible light mediated Ni catalysis of triplet enone diradicals". Chemical Science 9, n.º 26 (2018): 5810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc01827h.

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Fukuyama, Takahide, Takuji Kawamoto, Mikako Kobayashi y Ilhyong Ryu. "Flow Giese reaction using cyanoborohydride as a radical mediator". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (3 de septiembre de 2013): 1791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.208.

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Tin-free Giese reactions, employing primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides as radical precursors, ethyl acrylate as a radical trap, and sodium cyanoborohydride as a radical mediator, were examined in a continuous flow system. With the use of an automated flow microreactor, flow reaction conditions for the Giese reaction were quickly optimized, and it was found that a reaction temperature of 70 °C in combination with a residence time of 10–15 minutes gave good yields of the desired addition products.

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Liu, Yongjun, Wenping Luo, Jiali Wu, Yewen Fang, Yan Li, Xiaoping Jin, Li Zhang, Zongyong Zhang, Fenfen Xu y Chan Du. "Radical addition-polar termination cascade: efficient strategy for photoredox-neutral-catalysed cyclopropanation and Giese-type reactions of alkenyl N-methyliminodiacetyl boronates". Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, n.º 13 (2020): 1588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo00349b.

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Silicate meets boronate: efficient cyclopropanation and Giese-type reactions of alkenyl N-methyliminodiacetyl boronates with alkyl silicates have been realized via a photoredox-neutral-catalysed radical-polar crossover process.

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ElMarrouni, Abdellatif, Casey B. Ritts y Jaume Balsells. "Silyl-mediated photoredox-catalyzed Giese reaction: addition of non-activated alkyl bromides". Chemical Science 9, n.º 32 (2018): 6639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc02253d.

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The development of a conjugate addition reaction of non-activated alkyl bromides to Michael acceptors under visible-light photoredox catalysis is disclosed. A diverse set of alkyl bromides was successfully added to α,β-unsaturated esters and amides. This transformation allowed access to a key intermediate of Vorinostat®, an HDAC inhibitor used to fight cancer and HIV.

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Dykstra, Kevin, Alexei Buevich, Qi Gao, Yu-Hong Lam y Jeffrey T. Kuethe. "Photoredox-Catalyzed Giese Reactions: Decarboxylative Additions to Cyclic Vinylogous Amides and Esters". Molecules 27, n.º 2 (10 de enero de 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020417.

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An effective strategy has been developed for the photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative addition of cyclic amino acids to both vinylogous amides and esters leading to uniquely substituted heterocycles. The additions take place exclusively trans to the substituent present on the dihydropyridone ring affording stereochemical control about the new carbon-carbon bond. These reactions are operationally simplistic and afford the desired products in good to excellent isolated yields.

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Chen, Liang, Liangjian Hu, Yu Du, Weiping Su y Qiang Kang. "Asymmetric Photoinduced Giese Radical Addition Enabled by a Single Chiral-at-Metal Rhodium Complex". Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 40, n.º 11 (2020): 3944. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc202004041.

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Rostoll-Berenguer, Jaume, Gonzalo Blay, José R. Pedro y Carlos Vila. "Photocatalytic Giese Addition of 1,4-Dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones to Electron-Poor Alkenes Using Visible Light". Organic Letters 22, n.º 20 (1 de octubre de 2020): 8012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02953.

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Gant Kanegusuku, Anastasia L. y Jennifer L. Roizen. "Recent Advances in Photoredox‐Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction". Angewandte Chemie 133, n.º 39 (21 de julio de 2021): 21286–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202016666.

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Gant Kanegusuku, Anastasia L. y Jennifer L. Roizen. "Recent Advances in Photoredox‐Mediated Radical Conjugate Addition Reactions: An Expanding Toolkit for the Giese Reaction". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, n.º 39 (21 de julio de 2021): 21116–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202016666.

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13

Ipanaque Zapata, Cesar A. y Jesús González. "Multitasking collision-free optimal motion planning algorithms in Euclidean spaces". Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 12, n.º 03 (junio de 2020): 2050040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830920500408.

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We present optimal motion planning algorithms which can be used in designing practical systems controlling objects moving in Euclidean space without collisions. Our algorithms are optimal in a very concrete sense, namely, they have the minimal possible number of local planners. Our algorithms are motivated by those presented by Mas-Ku and Torres-giese (as streamlined by Farber), and are developed within the more general context of the multitasking (a.k.a. higher) motion planning problem. In addition, an eventual implementation of our algorithms is expected to work more efficiently than previous ones when applied to systems with a large number of moving objects.

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Millet, Anthony, Quentin Lefebvre y Magnus Rueping. "Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Giese Reaction: Decarboxylative Addition of Amino Acid Derived α-Amino Radicals to Electron-Deficient Olefins". Chemistry - A European Journal 22, n.º 38 (20 de junio de 2016): 13464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201602257.

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15

Curran, Dennis P. y Jinyou Xu. "‘Giese-type’ radical addition reactions to an acceptor that functions by a unimolecular chain transfer reaction of a silicon hydride". J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, n.º 24 (1995): 3061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19950003061.

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Wang, Jie, Helena Lundberg, Shota Asai, Pedro Martín-Acosta, Jason S. Chen, Stephen Brown, William Farrell et al. "Kinetically guided radical-based synthesis of C(sp3)−C(sp3) linkages on DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n.º 28 (26 de junio de 2018): E6404—E6410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806900115.

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DNA-encoded libraries (DEL)-based discovery platforms have recently been widely adopted in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly due to their powerful diversity and incredible number of molecules. In the two decades since their disclosure, great strides have been made to expand the toolbox of reaction modes that are compatible with the idiosyncratic aqueous, dilute, and DNA-sensitive parameters of this system. However, construction of highly important C(sp3)−C(sp3) linkages on DNA through cross-coupling remains unexplored. In this article, we describe a systematic approach to translating standard organic reactions to a DEL setting through the tactical combination of kinetic analysis and empirical screening with information captured from data mining. To exemplify this model, implementation of the Giese addition to forge high value C–C bonds on DNA was studied, which represents a radical-based synthesis in DEL.

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Lahdenperä, Antti S. K., Jyoti Dhankhar, Daniel J. Davies, Nelson Y. S. Lam, P. David Bacoş, Karen de la Vega-Hernández y Robert J. Phipps. "A chiral hydrogen atom abstraction catalyst for the enantioselective epimerization of meso -diols". Science 386, n.º 6717 (4 de octubre de 2024): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adq8029.

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Hydrogen atom abstraction is an important elementary chemical process but is very difficult to carry out enantioselectively. We have developed catalysts, readily derived from the Cinchona alkaloid family of natural products, which can achieve this by virtue of their chiral amine structure. The catalyst, following single-electron oxidation, desymmetrizes meso -diols by selectively abstracting a hydrogen atom from one carbon center, which then regains a hydrogen atom by abstraction from a thiol. This results in an enantioselective epimerization process, forming the chiral diastereomer with high enantiomeric excess. Cyclic and acyclic 1,2-diols are compatible, as are acyclic 1,3-diols. Additionally, we demonstrate the viability of combining our approach with carbon-carbon bond formation in Giese addition. Given the increasing number of synthetic methods involving hydrogen atom transfer steps, we anticipate that this work will have a broad impact in the field of enantioselective radical chemistry.

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CURRAN, D. P. y J. XU. "ChemInform Abstract: “Giese-Type” Radical Addition Reactions to an Acceptor that Functions by a Unimolecular Chain Transfer Reaction of a Silicon Hydride." ChemInform 27, n.º 14 (12 de agosto de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199614191.

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Zheng, Chao, Guang‐Zu Wang y Rui Shang. "Catalyst‐free Decarboxylation and Decarboxylative Giese Additions of Alkyl Carboxylates through Photoactivation of Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 361, n.º 19 (22 de agosto de 2019): 4500–4505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201900803.

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20

D'Urso, Vittorio, Dorothee Foernzler, Dennis O’Rourke, Danyi Wang, Jorge F. Sanchez-Garcia, Heidi Giese, Thomas Clarke IV et al. "Abstract 2107: Development a customized panel with clinical application potential for transcriptome analyses in selected cancer types using FFPE specimens". Cancer Research 83, n.º 7_Supplement (4 de abril de 2023): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2107.

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Abstract Purpose: HTG EdgeSeq is a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based RNA Sequencing (RNA Seq) platform using a quantitative nuclease protection chemistry that enables extraction-free quantitation of mRNA/miRNAs with significantly reduces FFPE sample requirements compared to standard RNA-Seq, which makes it a feasible option for potential clinical applications. A customized gene panel was designed and developed for detection gene signatures. Procedure: The customized gene panel consists of 1327 genes, including 900 genes in signaling pathways in oncology & immuno-oncology, which including Nature Kill (NK) cells, neutrophils, Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), DCs, monocytes, Tregs, B cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), TGFβ, EMT, interferon-γ signature, IL-17, β-catenin etc. and 15 house-keeping genes. The validation included in silico probe design, feasibility testing, data comparison with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and precision studies in six cancer indications including: Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Colorectal Cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (OC), ovarian cancer (GC). Data Summary: After the In-silico probe design for all genes the custom probe pool for quality control test in biological samples was performed by evaluating directional and expected expression of 1327 selected genes in 59 FFPE samples from six indications. All probes performed as expected according to specification; gene expression signatures data were consistent with the different cancer indication tested. Expected differential expression of the selected genes was based on RNA-Seq data as reported in TCGA. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the entire data et, showed a distinct clustering of samples by indication, demonstrating that the custom panel was able to reliably identify each indication. For the validation, precision studies including inter-well, inter-day, inter-processor, inter-sequencer and site-to-site comparisons were performed using FFPE tissue lysate pools prepared from each of the 6 indications. Predefined acceptance criteria are ≥ 90% of all Lin`s Concordance Correlation Coefficients (LCCC) comparisons to be greater than 0.90. The results showed that the predefined acceptance criteria were met, which are 95.9% of LCCC > 0.90 for inter-well repeatability, and 100% of LCCC >0.90 for inter-day, inter-processor, inter-sequencer and inter-site comparisons. Conclusions: The designed panel met all the predefined quality and analytical acceptance criteria, also, the reported results is corrected with TCGA RNA-Seq data, and the precision studies confirmed its performance. Customized gene panel can be possibly utilized for potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers identification to inform new cancer therapies development. Citation Format: Vittorio D'Urso, Dorothee Foernzler, Dennis O’Rourke, Danyi Wang, Jorge F Sanchez-Garcia, Heidi Giese, Thomas Clarke IV, XiaoZhe (Janet) Wang, Andreas Machl, Ti Cai, Juergen Scheuenpflug, Zheng Feng. Development a customized panel with clinical application potential for transcriptome analyses in selected cancer types using FFPE specimens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2107.

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Boekhoff, Henning, Laura Hendricks, Elena Cairo, Andrea Bauer, Mari Hambardzumyan, Markus W. Büchler, Silvia Calderazzo et al. "Abstract A035: Profiling of circulating autoreactive antibodies in some 1200 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and progressive precursor lesions". Cancer Research 82, n.º 22_Supplement (15 de noviembre de 2022): A035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-a035.

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Abstract Tumor-associated autoreactive antibodies could represent a moderately sensitive but highly specific type of biomarker. While autoantibodies in the blood of patients with pancreatic cancer have been reported, the consensus among studies is low and data validation is lacking. We profiled the abundance of circulating autoantibodies in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a multi-step approach. For this purpose, microarrays with in situ expressed proteins were produced that contained 3060 non-mutated human proteins; one emphasis was on cell surface proteins. The microarrays were utilized for autoantibody screening of sera collected from patients of PDAC stages I, IIA, IIB/III and IV. In addition, samples were studied that represented the different grades of the precursor lesion intraductal pupillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) – low-grade, high-grade dysplasia and IPMN with associated carcinoma. Third, sera from patients diseased with the PDAC risk factor chronic pancreatitis (CP) as well as healthy donors served as control groups. The analysis revealed a significant increase in the overall proportion of immunoreactive proteins in late grades of IPMN and stages of PDAC; within each group, some sera displayed higher reactivity than others. The screening phase led to the identification of about 100 proteins, which showed a relatively high immunoreactivity associated with PDAC in comparison to an age- and sex-matched healthy control group. The characteristics of PDAC-associated autoantibodies were confirmed for the 100 proteins by analyzing sera from a total of 1200 PDAC, IPMN and CP patients as well as healthy donors. The patient groups were age- and sex-matched among each other. This confirmation phase validated the PDAC-related immunoreactivity of 17 proteins, showing high specificity of samples from PDAC patients in comparison to the healthy control group but low sensitivity of less than 10%. The clinically defined PDAC stages displayed different autoantibody profiles. However, no stage-related autoantibodies could be identified. Further, these PDAC-related antigens were also immunoreactive in smaller proportions of CP and IPMN patients, demonstrating the biological relation between PDAC and its precursors CP and IPMN. The majority of the other antigens showed a high immunoreactivity without correlation of autoantibody abundance and PDAC diagnosis, highlighting the importance of validation in large cohorts. The presence of autoantibodies specific for the 17 identified PDAC-related proteins is currently technically cross-validated by Luminex multiplex serology. In conclusion, the study has identified novel PDAC-related autoantibodies towards non-modified human proteins. While the specificity of some detected autoantibodies was high, the low sensitivity and the immunoreactivity of related precursor lesions make the definition of a broad applicable biomarker panel unlikely or too complex. However, the antigens that are specific for PDAC indicate target molecules, which could offer new therapeutic options in a personalized approach. Citation Format: Henning Boekhoff, Laura Hendricks, Elena Cairo, Andrea Bauer, Mari Hambardzumyan, Markus W. Büchler, Silvia Calderazzo, Vivienn Weru, Anette Kopp-Schneider, Hermann Brenner, Thilo Hackert, Oliver Strobel, Tim Waterboer, Nathalia Giese, Joerg D. Hoheisel. Profiling of circulating autoreactive antibodies in some 1200 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and progressive precursor lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A035.

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Schiff, Andrew D. y Michael K. Lavine. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Professional Journal Articles On Accounting Information Systems". Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 5, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2001): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v5i3.5362.

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This paper lists and organizes 280 articles on a wide range of contemporary accounting system trends, issues and technologies. The articles have been selected from issues of eight leading professional accounting journals that have been published during the past five years. They are listed alphabetically within publication, and are then grouped by topic. In addition, the articles are referenced to the top ten accounting system technolo-gies, applications and issues identified by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA, 2000). This bibliography should be of interest to accounting sys-tem professors who wish to update their instructional material, and to accounting sys-tem researchers and practitioners who are seeking current explanations and analyses of the many recent developments in accounting systems design, implementation and operation.

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Dos Santos, Jefferson Davi Ferreira, Tiago Alquaz Matias, Inayara da Silva Rebelatto, Whallans Raphael Couto Machado y Adolfo Vicente Araújo. "Application of the PROMETHEE II method to define better strate-gies for preventing land transport accidents in the Nordeste region". OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 21, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2023): 5657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv21n6-129.

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One of the biggest causes of death in the world is caused by land transport accidents (ATL), involving vehicles, according to the world health organization. This article presents an application of the multicriteria methodology for ordering preventive actions in the Nordeste region of Brazil, considering traffic accidents involving fatal victims. Through the database of the Federal Highway Police on traffic accidents in the year 2018, it identified the State of Bahia that had the highest absolute number of fatalities. The PROMETHEE II method was applied to the collected data and resulted in the ordering of preventive actions that should be incorporated by decision makers. It is expected that emphasis should be placed on intensifying traffic enforcement in the State of Bahia, as in 2018, there were 83 deaths caused by speeding, representing 18% of the data collected involving fatal victims in 2018. In addition, undue overtaking and non-activation of the lighting/signalling system represented 9.6% of the deaths that occurred in 2018. Therefore, decision-makers will be able to define strategies, actions and measures to improve traffic safety.

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Makarov, Ivan N., Vera A. Simonova, Marina V. Buzulutskaya, Taisiya G. Garbuzova y Alexander E. Zhukov. "INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 6/9, n.º 147 (2024): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.06.09.011.

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This article reveals the essence of information technologies, identifies their importance at the current level of economic and social development. Undoubtedly, the topic of our scientific research is very relevant today. After all, almost every enterprise realizes that for the growth and development of entrepreneurial activity, it is impossible to ignore modern innovative systems that are aimed at increasing labor productivity, competitiveness of organizations, as well as more rational and efficient use of available resources of enterprises. In addition, in the course of writing this scientific article, we conducted a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of information technolo- gies that affect the economic situation and stability of the country. Thus, we came to the conclusion that information technologies play a very positive role in the activities of enterprises, helping to automate various management process- es in order to reduce production costs, improve product quality, etc. Like any other area of economic activity, informa- tion technologies are still at the stage of formation and development and require constant analysis and study of both domestic and foreign experience. In this regard, we note the importance of ensuring economic information security as one of the factors in the manifestation of the essence of information technologies, often accompanied by various cyberattacks from competitors and third parties. In addition, we examined the main trends in the development of information technologies in 2024 in the Russian Federation.

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Arvin Fardipour, Norman Herl, Sarmad Waqas y Mehdi Nodeh. "Advanced structural health monitoring and damage detection using inverse methods and perturbation stiff-ness matrix analysis". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, n.º 1 (30 de octubre de 2023): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2002.

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Sensor technology advancements have the health monitoring task for modern intricate structures introduce many challenges, primarily centered around the augmentation of safety margins and operational dependabil-ity. The demand for diverse systems or methodologies is, therefore, increasing. These systems or methodolo-gies should be capable of detecting damage, monitoring remotely, and conducting continuous evaluations in real-time. As part of this study, inverse techniques rooted in wave propagation analysis within structural frameworks are utilized to identify damage response vectors. Additionally, mathematical formulations grounded in minimal rank perturbation theory facilitate determining a perturbed stiffness matrix for a com-promised structure. Various excitations are included in the analysis, which is based on intricate non-linear structural modeling. Using streamlined procedures, these findings confirm the inherent versatility of a range of methodologies capable of meeting both rapid monitoring needs and exhaustive analytical needs. In addition, the proposed approach promotes the use of intelligent structures embedded with a variety of sensors that are not restricted by limitations related to sensor type or spatial deployment. Monitoring structural health and detecting damage could be significantly improved by this strategic deployment.

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Eralieva, Aisuluu A. "The modernization of industrial enterprises in the digital economy of the Eurasian Economic Union". Research result Economic Research 7, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2409-1634-2021-7-3-0-3.

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The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop the industrial sector in the EAEU countries and the transition to new standards of digitalization associated with Industry 4.0. In this regard, the article aims to identify the factors that determine the innovation potential of enterprises and other important conditions for the develop- ment of industrial enterprises based on digital technology. In addition, the main rea- sons for the technological lag of industrial enterprises and the factors constraining their development in the EAEU countries were identified. As a result of the study the possibility of a digital breakthrough in the industry by changing the usual way of technology, the rejection of outdated systems. The speed of implementation of tech- nologies in production plays a decisive role, since all the new innovative solutions are emerging in the market and the old ones are already rapidly failing. Top man- agement, ready to take risks in mastering new technologies and able to introduce new transformations into the organization, should play an active role in this. The use of foreign experience in the use of B2B digital platforms and other digital tools will contribute to the innovative development of industrial enterprises. As a result, coun- tries that do not invest funds and efforts in the development of innovative technolo- gies will not be able to compete with countries in Industry 4.0 in the near future. In addition, economic growth opportunities depend on investment policies, the training of information technology specialists, and increased investment in scientific research.

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Kurochkin, Alexander. "Socio-political components in the design of smart city strategies as a basis of their sustainable development". Political Expertise: POLITEX 16, n.º 4 (2020): 448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2020.402.

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This article discusses the distinctive characteristics of the development of smart city technolo- gies, which swept over all the continents of the planet during the fourth industrial revolution. The author focuses on the consideration of the socio-political effects due to the introduction of these technologies and, above all, the new threats and challenges that they generate. These include the increase of technological inequality, the danger of complete control of information and the tightening of the space of an individual’s personal freedom, social disunity and degradation of urban communities. The technological breakthrough was in clear contradiction with the dynamics of social development. One of the possible ways to overcome the problem of social and techno- logical inequality is with the concept of a smart city focused on sustainable development, which offers an integrated approach to urban policy. The general conclusion that the author comes to is the need for balanced consideration of all components in smart city development projects, in addition to technological and service components. At the same time, the formation of a space for equal social communication, the institutionalization of urban communities, as well as co-social planning for the development of the urban ecosystem are of particular importance. Only if they are fully implemented can we hope for positive dynamics in overcoming new social and political challenges to urban development in the era of total digitalization.

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B.S. MAHAPATRA, SABYASACHI MITRA, M.K. SINHA y A.K. GHORAI. "Research and development in jute (Corchorus sp.) and allied fibres in India-A re- view". Indian Journal of Agronomy 54, n.º 4 (10 de octubre de 2001): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v54i4.4810.

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Jute and allied fibre farming, trading and industry provide sustenance to over 5 million people of our country. The productivity of jute had doubled from 1 Vha during independence to about 2.24 Vha during 2006-07. De- .l0 velopment of high-yielding varieties along with relatively cheaper and user friendly location specific technolo- gies using locally available materials made this possible. Identification of promising herbicides had increased the net return of the production system while judicious use of local organic nutrient sources had improved the productivity as well as soil-health in jute and allied fibre systems. The mechano-microbial retting technology de- veloped at CRIJAF had reduced the water requirement of retting, while the machines developed like multi-row seed drill, bast fibre extractor, flax extractor, nail weeder, herbicide brush, etc. had increased the efficiency and profitability of the production system. Successful models of ramie and sisal based multitier systems have been developed for both traditional and non-traditional areas. Significant achievements have been made in fibre qual- ity research also, as it is the prime requirement for product diversification and value addition. In this paper, at- tempts have been made to summarize and present the achievements made so far in the jute and allied fibre re- search and also to highlight the constraints faced by this sector and its possible mitigation options.

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Sotnyk, Oleksander, Serhii Marchenko, Volodymyr Lytvynenko, Oleksander Sianov y Vitalii Shulha. "DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTELY CONTROLLED LABORATORY WORK BASED ON REDPITAYA MULTIFUNCTIONAL DEVICE". Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, n.º 45 (24 de diciembre de 2024): 146–56. https://doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.45.2024.16.

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This paper examines the main functional capabilities of the RedPitaya platform and the characteristics of its work, which allows us to fully assess the feasibility of using it as a basis for a laboratory stand for conducting remote laboratory work. The purpose of this work is to create a web-based application for remote con-trol of a semiconductor LED based on RedPitaya with the PetaLinux operating system (OS), which contains the NGINX web server package in its backend. The advantages of the RedPitaya platform include its compactness, stability, cost-effectiveness and customizability. It also has good productivity for laboratory experiments and allows the creation of an adapted environment for scientific research. In addition, the ability to control it with the help of different programs makes it more flexible. Disadvantages include the fact that RedPitaya does not have standard laboratory equipment, which may affect its use in research experiments. The process of creating a web based application for carrying out this remote laboratory work consisted of the development of two functional parts: an interface, which has been based on HTML, CSS, JavaScript technolo-gies to provide a convenient and understandable interface and a software controller created in the C++ language for efficient processing of data on the server. The obtained results of the test web based application, which controls the LED operation mode on the RedPitaya control board, can be used to implement remote control larger electronic circuits and devices. Thus, the obtained experimental results of LED control confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method of developing a web-device, and the method itself can be further used to create web-devices for control of more portable electronic devices and gadgets.

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Curillo Tama, Martha Gladys. "Auditoría de gestión de calidad en el servicio de transporte de carga pesada para la compañía “Transroymansur” de la ciudad de Cuenca". UDA AKADEM, n.º 13 (23 de abril de 2024): 259–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/udaakadem.vi13.760.

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La auditoría de gestión de calidad es un procedimiento esencial para evaluar y mejorar la eficacia de los sistemas y procesos en una organización. El problema radica en la inadecuada gestión de calidad en el transporte de la compañía “Transroymansur” en Cuenca,por lo que, en este caso de estudio, el objetivo es mejorar la gestión de calidad en el servicio de transporte de carga pesada de la empresa. Desde lo metodológico se empleó el método cualitativo con enfoque analítico- sintético. Además, se aplicó el método Risicar para identificar riesgos, evaluar su probabilidad e impacto, y proponer medidas de mitigación. Se comprobó la existencia de manipulación y entregas inadecuadas de la carga con posibilidades de daños a la mercancía y pérdida de clientes, estos entre otras deficiencias en el sistema, para lo se propone estrategias de mejora en el ámbito administrativo con lo cual se optimiza cualitativamente el proceso administrativo de la empresa.Palabras Clave: calidad, compañía, transporte, Risicar, riesgo Abstract Quality management audit is an essential process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of systems and processes in an organization. The problem lies in the inadequate quality mana- gement of the “Transroymansur” company’s transport in Cuenca, so the aim is to improve the quality management of the Company’s heavy-duty transport service. From the methodological point of view, the qualitative method with an analytical-synthetic approach was used. In addition, the RISK method was applied to identify risks, evaluate their probability and impact, and propose mitigation measures. There was evidence of impro- per handling and delivery of the cargo with the potential for damage to the goods and loss of customers. Poor communication both with clients and internally could trigger dissatisfaction, loss of business, and lack of alignment between employees for which different improvement strate-gies were proposed Keywords: quality, transport, company, Risicar, risk.

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Lysenko, Iryna y Artur Ponomarenko. "CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF E-COMMERCE BRANDS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF DIGITALIZATION". Problems and prospects of economics and management, n.º 3(35) (2023): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2023-3(35)-82-97.

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The article presents a comprehensive study of the creation and development of e-commerce brands in the digital environment. Digitization involves the large-scale integration of digital technolo-gies into various aspects of business, creating new opportunities and challenges for e-commerce brands. Therefore, one of the key tasks for entrepreneurs is to create a strong and unique brand that can stand out in a competitive digital environment. The authors presents a comprehensivestudy aimed at studying the key aspects of the creation and development of brands in the field of electronic commerce in the conditions of the rapid spread of digital technologies. The paper focuses on exploring the branding process, which includes developing an appropriate identity that reflects the brand’s values and goals, as well as creating a user-friendly and attractive website. An important stage is the definition of the target audience and the development of a strategy of interaction with it. For the study, interviews were conducted with e-commerce experts and entrepreneurs to gain objective insight into the challenges and strategies involved in building and developing a brand. In addition, the author’s own experience in creating brands makes it possible to better understand the peculiarities of the development of e-com-merce brands in the conditions of digitalization. This article emphasizes the importance of adaptation, innovation and a strategic approach to the creation and development of e-commerce brands in the dig-ital environment. This study is extremely relevant, as the issue of creating and developing e-commerce brands in the digital environment is important, as it allows us to understand the main aspects of this activity of modern business. The research findings address the pressing challenges of building and grow-ing e-commerce brands, offering valuable insights for entrepreneurs, marketers and business strategists.

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Loubele, Sarah T. B. G., Henri M. H. Spronk, Rene van Oerle, Hugo ten Cate y Peter L. A. Giesen. "Monitoring Recombinant FVIIa in Hemophilic and Normal Plasma Using a Thrombin Generation Assay". Blood 118, n.º 21 (18 de noviembre de 2011): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1207.1207.

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Abstract Abstract 1207 Background: Although the recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has been registered for use in hemophilia patients with inhibitors, there is still no method to monitor the effects of rFVIIa in restoring the coagulation balance in plasma. Hence, information is lacking about the individual optimal dose needed to normalize thrombin generation. Methods: The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) method was modified to increase sensitivity for rFVIIa addition to plasma at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 nM, which covers the expected plasma concentration of 26 nM reached after standard administration. Thrombin generation was triggered using combinations of TF concentrations between 0 and 4 pM, and phospholipids concentrations between 0 and 4 μM. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), peak height, and velocity index were calculated in platelet poor plasmas (PPP) of different donors. All blood was collected in citrated tubes containing corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI) to minimize any contact activation. Results: The optimal conditions for discriminating rFVIIa (0–80 nM) in the CAT assay were determined in PPP: 0 or 0.25 pM TF with 4 μM of phospholipids. Also at higher TF concentrations, the CAT method was able to detect varying rFVIIa concentrations. The optimal concentration of phospholipids was 4 μM for all TF concentrations. In plasma of 6 healthy volunteers, thrombin generation triggered with 0.25 pM TF dose dependently increased using varying rFVIIa concentrations between 0 and 80 nM (Figure 1, left panel). The mean values for ETP, peak height and velocity index are depicted in Table 1. On average, addition of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 or 80 nM of rFVIIa resulted in a 146, 156, 161, 174, 206, and 285 % of the peak height compared to 0 nM rFVIIa, which was set at 100 %. At 4 pM TF the maximum ETP, peak height, and velocity index were reached at concentrations less than 20 nM rFVIIa for all donors. The mean values are depicted in Table 2. Surprisingly, at 80 nM rFVIIa, thrombin generation was decreased compared to lower rFVIIa concentrations (Figure 1, right panel). Addition of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 or 80 nM of rFVIIa resulted in 107, 109, 107, 103, 100, or 94 % of the peak height without addition of rFVIIa (0 nM set at 100 %). In FVIII deficient patient plasma (PPP), this effect was also present and even more pronounced. Here, a dose dependent effect of rFVIIa addition was visible at low (0 or 0.25 pM) TF trigger, whereas at 4 pM TF trigger ETP, peak height and velocity index were maximal in the presence of 10 nM rFVIIa. Overall, the peak height was 136, 142, 126, 102, 94, and 81 % upon addition of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 80 nM rFVIIa respectively compared to 0 nM rFVIIa (set to 100 %). Discussion: In hemophilic as well as normal plasma, the addition of rFVIIa dose dependently altered thrombin generation triggered with a low TF trigger (0 or 0.25 pM). At a higher trigger of 4 pM TF, maximal thrombin generation was obtained at rFVIIa concentrations of less then 20 nM. Remarkably, thrombin generation was attenuated in the presence of 80 nM rFVIIa. This paradox may be explained by assuming that the endogenously activated VIIa is more active than the rVIIa that was added. At higher rVIIa dosages the fraction of TF occupied by endogenous VIIa will decrease resulting in less active TF:VIIa complexes. This effect will be more pronounced when FXa formation is dependent on TF:FVIIa alone without the involvement of the tenase complex, which shows from our analysis in hemophilic plasma. Overall, these data suggest that the assay is most sensitive to added rVIIa when the contribution to Xa formation of TF:VIIa complex is small compared to that of rVIIa alone, i.e., in conditions where there is no or very little TF present. Disclosures: Giesen: Thrombinoscope bv: Employment.

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Hilberdink, B., M. Carbo, D. Paap, S. Arends, T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland, F. Van der Giesen, A. Spoorenberg y S. Van Weely. "POS0042-HPR HOW DOES WEEKLY SUPERVISED GROUP EXERCISE CONTRIBUTE TO FULFILLING EXERCISE RECOMMENDATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 de mayo de 2022): 236.1–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1227.

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BackgroundSupervised group exercise (SGE) has been recommended for people with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) since decades, but the proportion and type of axSpA patients that engage in SGE is unknown. In addition, the 2018 EULAR recommendations for physical activity advocate that people with axSpA should engage in aerobic, strength and mobility exercises according to public health physical activity guidelines. However, it is unclear if SGE contributes to fulfilment of these exercise recommendations.ObjectivesTo compare characteristics, health status and fulfilment of exercise recommendations between axSpA patients with and without SGE.MethodsCross-sectional data from three Dutch axSpA study cohorts were analysed: two cohorts with patients recruited at rheumatology outpatient clinics (n=196 and n=153) in which participation in SGE was recorded (yes/no) and one cohort with only SGE participants (n=128). Assessments included sociodemographic and disease characteristics, health status (ASAS Health Index), spinal mobility and the ‘short questionnaire to assess health enhancing physical activity’ (SQUASH). The SQUASH was used to determine fulfilment of the public health recommendations for leisure-time aerobic exercise (≥150 min/week of moderate-intensity or ≥75 min/week of vigorous-intensity exercise) and for strength and mobility exercises (≥2 sessions/week). Differences between patients with and without SGE were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-Square test. Multivariate regression models were performed to correct the association between SGE and fulfilment of the exercise recommendations for age, sex, employment and health status.ResultsIn the two outpatient axSpA cohorts, 17 of the 349 patients (5%) participated in SGE. The total group of SGE participants (n=145) was significantly older, had longer disease duration, was less frequently employed, used less disease related medication and had worse spinal mobility than the patients without SGE (n=332). There were no significant differences in health status. AxSpA patients with SGE performed more minutes per week of aerobic exercise (median 420; IQR 285-660) than patients without SGE (median 283; IQR 120-540), p < 0.001. As shown in Figure 1, SGE participants fulfilled the recommendations for moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (89% vs. 69%, p < 0.001) and for strength and mobility exercise (44% vs. 29%, p < 0.01) more often than patients without SGE. However, the recommendation for vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise was fulfilled less often by the SGE participants (5% vs. 12%, p < 0.05). After correcting for age, sex, employment and health status, the differences in fulfilment of the moderate-intensity aerobic and strength and mobility exercise recommendations remained significant.ConclusionSGE is used by just few and especially older axSpA patients and contributes to fulfilling recommendations for moderate-intensity aerobic as well as mobility and strength exercise. However, both in patients with and without SGE, only a minority fulfilled the recommendations for vigorous-intensity aerobic and strength and mobility exercises. Therefore, future promotion of physical activity should focus on implementing these types of exercise.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank ASAS and the Dutch Arthritis Society for supporting the three cohorts.Disclosure of InterestsBas Hilberdink: None declared, Marlies Carbo: None declared, Davy Paap: None declared, Suzanne Arends: None declared, T.P.M. Vliet Vlieland: None declared, Florus van der Giesen: None declared, Anneke Spoorenberg Paid instructor for: AbbVie, Consultant of: AbbVie, Novartis Pharma, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Lilly, Grant/research support from: Novartis Pharma, Pfizer, Salima van Weely: None declared

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van Winkel, Claudia A., Xiaoyu Fan, Danique Giesen, Glenn Gauderat, Lucia Pattarini, Thomas Jaquin, Anissa Barakat et al. "Abstract 3579: Assessment of target-mediated biodistribution of an 89Zr labeled PD-L1/4-1BB bispecific Mabcalin protein". Cancer Research 83, n.º 7_Supplement (4 de abril de 2023): 3579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3579.

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Abstract Background: PRS-344/S095012 is a novel 4-1BB (CD137) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) bispecific antibody-Anticalin® fusion protein (MabcalinTM protein) designed to cluster 4-1BB on activated T cells exclusively in the presence of PD-L1 expressing cells. We aimed to study PRS-344/S095012 in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics with 89Zr-positron emission tomography (PET) at a dose with antitumoral activity in mice and evaluate the contribution of each targeting arm. Methods: PRS-344/S095012 lacks cross-reactivity to murine 4-1BB and PD-L1. To explore the PRS-344/S095012 biodistribution in a humanized 4-1BB knock-in mouse model, we synthesized the surrogate 89Zr-Atezo-J10 with the same 4-1BB building block and cross-reactivity to murine PD-L1. Humanized 4-1BB knock-in C57BL/6J (h4-1BB KI B6) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice (n=4-6 per group) were subcutaneously engrafted with murine wildtype MC38 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Tumors were grown to a minimum of ≥50 mm3 (average 163 mm3) before tracer injection. Mice received intravenously 30 µg (2.5 MBq) of 89Zr-PRS-344/S095012 or 89Zr-Atezo-J10 supplemented with PRS-344/S095012 or Atezo-J10 up to 10 mg/kg. Four mice groups were formed to distinguish between bispecific (Atezo-J10 in h4-1BB KI B6), monospecific PD-L1 (Atezo-J10 in B6), monospecific 4-1BB (PRS-344/S095012 in h4-1BB KI B6), and isotype (PRS-344/S095012 in B6) binding up to 4 days post-injection (pi). In addition, a fifth group (5 MBq 89Zr-Atezo-J10) was studied to visualize the bispecific biodistribution up to 7 days pi. At days 1, 2, 4, or 2, 4, 7 pi, mice underwent serial PET imaging to obtain mean and maximum standardized uptake (SUVmean/max) and retro-orbital blood sampling, followed by ex vivo biodistribution. Results: PET imaging showed 89Zr-Atezo-J10 specific tumor accumulation with higher tumor-to-blood ratios of respectively 2.2-, 2.6-, and 2.4-fold (p<0.01) at 4 days pi compared to monospecific binding of PD-L1, 4-1BB, and isotype. The ex vivo biodistribution demonstrated the same trend with respectively 4.2-, 5.5-, and 6.8-fold (p<0.01) increase in tumor-to-blood uptake for 89Zr-Atezo-J10 versus monospecific binding of PD-L1, 4-1BB, and isotype 89Zr-Atezo-J10 spleen uptake was comparable (ns) with monospecific binding of PD-L1 but elevated (p<0.01) compared to 4-1BB or isotype distribution. The uptake in lymph nodes (axillary, cervical, tumor-draining, and mesenteric) did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: 89Zr-Atezo-J10 specific accumulation in PD-L1 expressing tumors is due to both PD-L1 and 4-1BB binding and is higher than with PD-L1 and 4-1BB mono-targeting. This preclinical study supports the clinical evaluation of 89Zr-PRS-344/S095012’s whole-body distribution and the development of tumor-specific 4-1BB targeting bispecifics. Citation Format: Claudia A. van Winkel, Xiaoyu Fan, Danique Giesen, Glenn Gauderat, Lucia Pattarini, Thomas Jaquin, Anissa Barakat, Anne-Marie De La Bigne, Marleen Richter, Nicole Andersen, Julie Legrand, Helene Lelièvre, Elisabeth G. de Vries, Aizea Morales-Kastresana, Marjolijn N. Lub- de Hooge. Assessment of target-mediated biodistribution of an 89Zr labeled PD-L1/4-1BB bispecific Mabcalin protein. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3579.

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Усачева, Е. А. "THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING OF NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES: FORENSIC ANALYSIS". VESTNIK OF THE EAST SIBERIAN INSTITUTE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, n.º 3(106) (29 de septiembre de 2023): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2312-3184.2023.38.78.021.

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Раскрытие и расследование преступлений, связанных с незаконным оборотом наркотических средств и психотропных веществ – это сложный процесс, ко-торый включает в себя множество областей знаний. На сегодняшний день широкое рас-пространение наркотических средств и психотропных веществ наблюдается с исполь-зованием информационно-телекоммуникационных технологий, в том числе сети Ин-тернет. Это объясняется несколькими факторами: доступностью указанных ресурсов, анонимностью, которую обеспечивает во многих случаях сеть Интернет, а также спо-собностью охватить большую аудиторию. Материалы и методы. Нормативную базу исследования составили Конститу-ция Российской Федерации; уголовное, уголовно-процессуальное и оперативно-разыскное законодательство; иные федеральные законы; акты официального толкова-ния норм; подзаконные нормативные акты. Кроме того, методологическую основу ис-следования составили всеобщий диалектический метод научного познания, общенауч-ные методы познания и некоторые частно-научные методы, среди которых: анкетиро-вание и интервьюирование, опрос, обобщение следственной и судебной практики, ли-тературных и интернет-источников. Результаты исследования. Распространение наркотических средств и психо-тропных веществ с использованием информационно-телекоммуникационных техноло-гий создало новые проблемы для правоохранительных органов и иных должностных лиц, которые осуществляют борьбу с их распространением. Одной из основных про-блем предупреждения, раскрытия и расследования таких преступных деяний является сложность выявления и отслеживания наркоторговцев, которые используют сеть «Ин-тернет» для ведения своего бизнеса. Преступники могут использовать зашифрованную связь и приложения для анонимных сообщений, чтобы скрыть свою личность, что за-трудняет их идентификацию и отслеживание правоохранительными органами. Кроме того, существует и сложность перехвата и конфискации наркотических средств и пси-хотропных веществ, которые распространяются через сеть «Интернет», так как пре-ступники могут использовать почтовую службу или другие службы доставки для рас-пространения своей продукции. Выводы и заключения. Использование преступниками информационно-телеком-муникационных технологий, в том числе сети Интернет для осуществления незаконного оборота наркотических средств и психотропных веществ оказывает отрицательное влияние на общую ситуацию в стране и мире и показывает, что за последние годы очевиден рост этих преступлений. В настоящее время существует острая необходимость решения про-блемных вопросов, связанных с раскрытием и расследованием таких преступлений, в том числе следует предпринять меры к разработке стратегии по разрушению сетей незаконного оборота наркотических средств и психотропных веществ и привлечению преступников к ответственности. detection and investigation of crimes related to illicit trafficking in nar-cotic drugs and psychotropic substances is a complex process that includes many areas of knowledge. To date, the widespread use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is ob-served using information and telecommunication technologies, including the Internet. This is due to several factors: the availability of these resources, the anonymity that the Internet pro-vides in many cases, and the ability to reach a large audience. Materials and Methods: the regulatory framework of the study was the Constitution of the Russian Federation; criminal, criminal procedural and operational-investigative legis-lation; other federal laws; acts of official interpretation of norms; by -laws. In addition, the methodological basis of the study was the general dialectical method of scientific cognition, general scientific methods of cognition and some particular scientific methods, including: questioning and interviewing, survey, generalization of investigative and judicial practice, literary and Internet sources. The Results of the Study: distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances using information and telecommunication technologies has created new problems for law en-forcement agencies and other officials who are combating their distribution. One of the main problems in preventing, detecting and investigating such criminal acts is the difficulty of iden-tifying and tracking drug traffickers who use the Internet to conduct their business. Criminals can use encrypted communications and anonymous messaging apps to hide their identity, making them difficult for law enforcement to identify and track. In addition, there is the dif-ficulty of intercepting and confiscating narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances that are distributed via the Internet, as criminals can use the postal service or other delivery services to distribute their products. Findings and Conclusions: the use of information and telecommunication technolo-gies by criminals, including the Internet for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psycho-tropic substances, has a negative impact on the overall situation in the country and the world and shows that in recent years the growth of these crimes is obvious. Currently, there is an urgent need to address the problematic issues associated with the disclosure and investigation of such crimes, including the development of a strategy to destroy the networks of illicit traf-ficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and bring criminals to justice.

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Podgorelec, Sonja. "Perspektiva životnog puta u istraživanjima starenja i migracija". Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 36, n.º 2-3 (2020): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.36.2.1.

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A life-course perspective is a complex approach to researching the life of an individual or group or certain processes used in various disciplines (Börsch-Supan et al., 2013), especially in sociology, demography, psychology, and economics. The life course perspective seeks to connect the historical context that determines an individual’s life with personal history (key events of his or her life) (Edmonston, 2013; Holman and Walker, 2020). The paper explains the differences among how the life-course perspective, lifecycle perspective and life-span perspective approach research topics. More specifically, this paper aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of research on aging (quality of life of older people) and migration (quality of life of migrants) from the perspective of life course by reviewing some of the most important papers addressing it, both theoretically and/or practically. In the first of the five chapters of the paper, Introduction, the author explains why the perspective of life course is an interesting research approach to selected topics in Croatia. Together with the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Croatia has experienced a strong increase in the share of the elderly population and significant migration in the last thirty or so years. The major causes of accelerated demographic aging are an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in fertility. The main causes of migration are significant political, social and economic changes in the “old” and “new” EU countries. These are changes in the socio-political and economic systems of the former socialist countries on the one hand, and the expansion of the EU resulting in the opening of the labour market and the possibility of “new” labour migration within Europe on the other. Due to the wars in the Middle East, there is also the issue of dealing with large refugee waves. The life-course perspective is particularly applicable to research on population aging, the assessment of the quality of life and the degree of integration of immigrants in the destination country. The second chapter, Life Perspective and Aging, explains various theoretical approaches to older people (Hagestad and Dannefer, 2001). The institutional approach largely addresses the socio-economic status and roles of the elderly, for example, retirement (Blane et al., 2004; Wanka, 2019). The cultural perspective often deals with negative stereotypes related to aging and formulating different approaches to the elderly (Hagestad and Dannefer, 2001). In order to achieve a holistic approach to aging and old age, various perspectives should be integrated, and aging should be interpreted as a reflection of interrelated events during an individual’s life: historical, environmental and personal. Such a more complex approach involving changes and events throughout an individual’s life is a life cycle perspective (Godley and Hareven, 2001) considered within a particular historical context. Although it is widely accepted, some authors (Giele and Elder, 1998; Edmonston, 2013) explain the limitation of the term “life cycle” by advocating the phrase “life course”. In doing so, they explain life course as a complex relationship between socially shaped events and the roles an individual assumes during life. According to them, this differs from the concept of a life cycle in that the events and roles that make up an individual life experience do not necessarily continue at certain stages of life, as is suggested by the word “cycle”. In addition to the concept of a life cycle, researchers of aging and the quality of life of older people (Fuller-Iglesias, Smith and Antonucci, 2009) also theoretically compare the perspective of life course and the life span perspective without opposing them. Both advocate a view of aging as a long-lasting, multidimensional, continuous, and dynamic process. Life theories deal with the processes and pathways of development and aging as a lifelong process of an individual while life theories deal with differences in socially conditioned events, changes, roles and experiences in the lives of individuals (Fuller-Iglesias, Smith and Antonucci, 2009: 3–5) among certain parts of society (groups). An individual’s daily life is explained by processes and relationships that determine the broader context and how others experience it. Interpersonal relationships with other members of society play a significant role in an individual’s lifestyle and quality of life, regardless of his or her age or migration (in)experience. The life course perspective seeks to explain the impact of different processes on groups of people and individual experiences at each life stage but also the relationship between events from different stages of life. The third chapter, Life Perspective and Biographical Method, discusses the need to return to more significant use of qualitative and interpretative methods, as well as the interest in using a biographical perspective, due to a better understanding of aging and quality of life in old age as well as migration reasons and integration of immigrants in the country of immigration. By telling their life story, a person clarifies the personal understanding of changes in the immediate (personal circle) and the wider environment (society). They also describe how individual members of the group to which the individual feels affiliated, for example, the generation of older people in a particular environment (islands) (Podgorelec, 2008) or immigrants, experienced changes in society during life (older people) or a personal migrant experience and to what extent the changes experienced affect their lives (Amit and Litwin, 2010; Podgorelec, Gregurović and Klempić Bogadi, 2019). Biographical research is especially useful in monitoring the development of an individual’s career, the impact of migration (on a personal level, but also in terms of community development), the way people face new experiences and changes during aging or migration and how they adapt (especially to various losses: employment, health and functional status, life partners, friends etc.). The fourth chapter, Life and Migration Perspective, explains certain characteristics of migration and migrants, especially when moving to the country of immigration. Thus, Jasso (2003: 334) grouped them into characteristics that affect adaptation – age, gender, country of origin, level of education (Finney and Marshall, 2018; Podgorelec, Klempić Bogadi and Gregurović, 2020); degree of success – from assimilation, acculturation and adaptation to integration into the receiving society (Berry, 1990; Amit, 2012; Amit and Bar-Lev, 2014; Podgorelec, Gregurović and Klempić Bogadi, 2019) or failure – giving up and returning to the country of origin or moving to a third country; the success of migrants in childhood or the second generation of migrants (childhood and schooling in the country of immigration) (Pivovarova and Powers, 2019); demographic and economic effects on societies of origin and immigration – studies of loss and gain (relocation of qualified migrants, artists, entrepreneurs) (Gregurović, 2019), remittances (Nzima, Duma and Moyo, 2017), etc. Migrants choose to move at various ages and are motivated by various reasons (Kennan and Walker, 2013). Migration is a process that affects both social environments – that of the origin of the migrant as well as the immigration environment, even if the migrant migrates within a certain country (Čipin, Strmota and Međimurec, 2016; Finney and Marshall, 2018) and assuming that social and cultural differences between places of resettlement are not significant (Amit, 2012; Podgorelec, Gregurović and Klempić Bogadi, 2019). Edmonston (2013: 3) relies on the work of Elder (1994, 1998) in explaining the benefits of using a life-course perspective in (im)migration research. He connects four topics that Elder considers crucial in the analysis of life course: the interconnectedness of individual lives and historical time, planning and selection of important events in an individual›s life, the connection of an individual›s life with others (family, friends, work environment) and action (effect) of social institutions during life. The connection between the general approach to the life course analysis (Elder, 1994, 1998) and the previously mentioned groups of topics in migration research is noticeable already at the first glance (Jasso, 2003). Each of the topics can be supported by various examples in Croatian society. In the last chapter, instead of a conclusion, the author states that by reviewing a part of the literature on aging and migration, it is possible to deduce that, although fundamentally separate processes, observed from a life-course perspective, they share similar trajectories, transitions, turning points and timing (Edmonston, 2013). Thus, research into the quality of life of older people must be grounded in the theoretical construction of aging and the historical context, relying on collected data on the individual’s important life events (life story) and judgments of experiences by both respondents and researchers. A life-course perspective that measures the impact of social, political and economic conditions on the life of an individual and/or a group is an interesting and complex approach to researching selected dimensions of migrants quality of life, given that migration always takes place in a particular historical context by influencing the social environment – countries of origin and countries of immigration. Public policies that support the organisation of care for the elderly, facilitate adaptation and promote the integration of migrants harmonise all sections of society and affect the life satisfaction of the general population.

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37

"Photochemical Giese Addition to Olefins". Synfacts 2019, n.º 05 (15 de abril de 2019): 0519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611514.

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38

Singh, Shashank y Ravi P. Singh. "Photoinduced Stereoselective Giese Addition on Coumarins". Synthesis, 11 de septiembre de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2413-7058.

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Diastereoselective Giese addition on coumarin-3-carboxylate bearing a chiral auxiliary with N-hydroxyphthalimide ester to generate the corresponding alkylated adduct has been explored. Among screened chiral auxiliaries, bulkier one with appropriate steric is better for diastereoselective addition. Mechanistic studies involving Fluorescence studies, On/OFF experiments shed insight onto the plausible reaction pathway.

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39

"Photo- and Organocatalytic Enantioselective Giese-Type Addition to Alkenyl Azaarenes". Synfacts 18, n.º 05 (20 de abril de 2022): 0545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1737449.

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40

Park, Changhee, Seyun Gi, Seongkyeong Yoon, Seong Jung Kwon y Sunggi Lee. "Giese Reaction of Alkyl Bromides using Amine Carboxyboranes". Organic Chemistry Frontiers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4qo02325k.

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Amine carboxyborane enabled an efficient halogen atom transfer (XAT) with 1o, 2o, and 3o alkyl bromides, resulting in Giese addition products with various electron-deficient double bonds. Moreover, direct addition of...

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41

Salaverri, Noelia, Benedetta Carli, Patricia B. Gratal, Leyre Marzo y José Alemán. "Remote Giese Radical Addition by Photocatalytic Ring Opening of Activated Cycloalkanols". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 8 de abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.202200220.

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42

Kleinmans, Roman, Leon E. Will, J. Luca Schwarz y Frank Glorius. "Photoredox-Enabled 1,2-Dialkylation of α-Substituted Acrylates via Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement". Chemical Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc06385a.

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Herein, we report the 1,2-dialkylation of simple feedstock acrylates for the synthesis of valuable tertiary carboxylic acids by merging Giese-type radical addition with an Ireland–Claisen rearrangement. Key to success is...

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43

Liang, Lei, Xiao-Shan Deng, Jing Wang, Ming Jia, Xing-Yu Zhu, Yong Zhang, Shuai Yuan, Song-Lin Wang, Hai-Ming Guo y Hong-Ying Niu. "Metal- and Light-Free Decarboxylative Giese Addition Reaction Facilitated by Hantzsch Ester". Organic Letters, 7 de enero de 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.4c04496.

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44

Luo, Yao, Yuqiao Zhou, Fengnan Xiao, Xin He, Ziwei Zhong, Qi-Lin Zhou, Weidi Cao, Xiaohua Liu y Xiaoming Feng. "Quinone-Initiated Photocatalytic Enantioselective Giese Radical Addition with Ethers, Thioethers, Amines, and Alkanes". ACS Catalysis, 28 de julio de 2024, 12031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.4c03512.

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45

Miyamoto, Yusuke, Sho Murakami, Yuto Sumida, Go Hirai y Hirohisa Ohmiya. "Radical C‐Glycosylation Using Photoexcitable Unprotected Glycosyl Borate". Chemistry – A European Journal, 9 de julio de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202402256.

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We have developed radical C‐glycosylation using photoexcitable unprotected glycosyl borate. The direct excitation of glycosyl borate under visible light irradiation enabled the generation of anomeric radical without any photoredox catalysts. The in situ generated anomeric radical was applicable to the radical addition such as Giese‐type addition and Minisci‐type reaction to introduce alkyl and heteroaryl groups at the anomeric position. In addition, the radical–radical coupling between the glycosyl borate and acyl imidazolide provided unprotected acyl C‐glycosides.

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46

Batsika, Charikleia S., Naya A. Stini y Christoforos G. Kokotos. "Visible Light‐Mediated Decarboxylative Giese Addition Utilizing Thioxanthone or Thioxanthone‐TfOH Complex as the Photocatalyst". Chemistry – A European Journal, 30 de enero de 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404483.

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Synthetic photochemistry is an alternative, green and sustainable approach in organic synthesis, offering the possibility for the discovery of novel reactivities. Carboxylic acids are abundant and widely used as suitable radical precursors for light‐mediated processes, providing access to products that are not accessible via conventional methods. Herein, we report a green, cheap, metal‐free, photochemical decarboxylative protocol for the 1,4‐radical conjugate addition (Giese reaction) using thioxanthone, a commercially available organic molecule, or a thioxanthone‐triflic acid (TfOH) complex, as the photocatalyst, under LED 427 nm irradiation. A wide range of carboxylic acids, amino acids and Michael acceptors has been tested, affording the desired products in good to high yields.

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47

He, Xian-Chen, Yan-Ling Liu, Jie Gao, Ke-Rong Li, Kai Chen, Hao-Yue Xiang y Hua Yang. "MeOH-Triggered Halogen-Atom Transfer of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides Enabling the Photoredox Giese Addition". Organic Letters, 18 de marzo de 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00923.

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48

Smirnov, Vladimir, Vitalij Levin y Alexander D. Dilman. "Complexes of Borane and 1,3,5‐Triazinane‐Derived Carbenes". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 10 de abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.202400122.

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Complexes of borane with six‐membered N‐heterocyclic carbenes derived from readily accessible 1,3,5‐triazinium salts are described. Similar to the widely used imidazolium‐type borane complex, the obtained complexes behave as agents for the hydrogen atom transfer in the Giese reaction and as sources of the boryl radicals in addition to imines. The amine nitrogen of these complexes does not undergo alkylation, but it can bind with another borane molecule.

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49

Tateishi, Yuki, Shota Nagasawa y Yoshiharu Iwabuchi. "Photocatalytic Tandem Ueno–Stork Cyclization/Intermolecular Giese Addition Sequence for Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Allylic Alcohols". Organic Letters, 14 de febrero de 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00287.

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50

Jeong, Hye-Min, Hee Seo Jung, Dong Gyu Kim, Jae Yeon Kim y Do Hyun Ryu. "Enantio- and Diastereoselective Tandem Giese Addition/Homolytic Aromatic Substitution Reaction via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis". ACS Catalysis, 4 de marzo de 2025, 4579–85. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c00112.

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