Tesis: "Adapté au contexte"

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Mathieu, Bertrand. "Potacco : noeud polymorphique transparent pour l'adaptation de contenu adapté au contexte". Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812520.

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L'accès à n'importe quel type de service, depuis n'importe quel type de terminal, en étant connecté sur n'importe quel type de réseau est devenu possible. Cependant avec la diversité des réseaux et des terminaux, l'adaptation de contenu est devenue une problématique majeure. Cette thèse définit une solution de nœud intermédiaire, dénommé Potacco pour nœud POlymorphique Transparent pour l'Adaptation de Contenu adapté au COntexte, flexible permettant l’adaptation dynamique de tout type de contenu en fonction du contexte de l'utilisateur. Ce nœud collecte et met à disposition le contexte courant, gère/coordonne les modules applicatifs et les collecteurs de contexte, permet le déploiement sécurisé de code, peut être transparent. Des démonstrateurs de ce nœud générique, intégré dans un réseau physique puis dans un réseau overlay de services et P2P constituent une preuve de concept. Des simulations et expérimentations réelles ont permis d'évaluer ces solutions
With the evolution of fixed and mobile networks, the increasing number of diversified devices, it is now possible to access any type of services, from any type of devices, being connected to any type of networks. By adding the wish of users to receive personalized contents, adapting content has become a major problem. To help to reach this goal, this thesis defines an intermediate flexible node, allowing dynamic adaptation of any type of content depending on the context of the users. This study resulted in the definition of a node architecture, called Potacco (for noeud POlymorphique Transparent pour l'Adaptation de Contenu adapté au COntexte, in French or Transparent Polymorphic node for content adaptation to the context in English) and its implementation and validation. This node: · collects and provides current context information to enable application modules to make adaptation based on such values · manages/coordinates the application modules and the context collectors (e. G. Context sensors) · enables the secured deployment of code in the node (the supplier code, but also the target node are authenticated) · may be transparent to the applications and may process data without no mean for the endpoints to detect it. Two demonstrators have been implemented as a proof of concept of this generic node being located in a physical network: as a wired/wireless gateway performing media content adaptation and as a node in an ADSL network inserting transparently the users’ context. Then, the use of that node in "overlay" networks has been the subject of a new proof of concept. Two cases were studied: the first one for the provisioning of services adapted to the user’s context in a service specific overlay network service, where a case of a personalized IPTV service is presented, and the second one related to the content adaptation of multimedia stream broadcasted on a P2P network where the Potacco node itself is a member of the P2P network. Validation by simulation and real experiments, permitted to evaluate these solutions

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Ben, Salah Fakher. "Service de présence adapté au contexte des communications d'urgence médicale pré-hospitalière". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1472.

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Notre groupe de recherche développe actuellement une plateforme de communication multimédia sur protocole IP. Cette plateforme vise une application dans le domaine des communications d'urgence médicale pré-hospitalière. Dans un tel contexte, il devient utile de joindre et d'inviter à une conférence multimédia, un spécialiste médical. La problématique que nous abordons est celle de pouvoir joindre, à tout moment, une telle ressource possédant certaines caractéristiques de spécialité et de disponibilité. Pour y répondre, nous suggérons la mise au point d'un service de présence adapté au contexte des communications d'urgence médicale pré-hospitalière. Ce service a la particularité de permettre une recherche de personnel qui répond à des critères spécifiques, tels que la spécialité, la localisation et/ou l'état de présence. L'objectif général de notre projet de recherche est donc de contribuer à l'avancement de la technologie des systèmes de présence en contexte médical.

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Fauteux, Philippe. "Conception d'un actionneur adapté à l'interaction physique dans un contexte de robotique". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1529.

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Les systèmes robotiques modernes sont généralement des machines mécaniquement rigides et contrôlées en position. Cette conception, bien que cohérente avec une recherche de performance en contrôle du mouvement, limite l'applicabilité aux environnements structurés et sécurisés. Pour que leur domaine d'application puisse s'étendre aux environnements partiellement inconnus, dynamiques ou anthropiques, des capacités d'interaction physique accrues sont nécessaires. Dans ce contexte, répondre aux exigences de sécurité, de robustesse et de polyvalence représente un défi, entre autres parce que les performances des technologies d'actionneur communément disponibles ne sont pas adéquates. Pour adresser cette problématique, ce mémoire propose une solution technologique basée sur l'usage synergique d'un moteur électromagnétique et de deux freins magnétorhéologiques. Le moteur agit comme source de vitesse et fournit la puissance mécanique. Les deux freins dirigent ce flux de puissance en contrôlant l'amplitude et la direction du couple appliqué en sortie. Cette approche découple la sortie de l'actionneur du moteur, permettant une impédance (inertie et friction) de sortie très faible. Elle permet également un contrôle en force relativement précis à haute bande passante. À l'aide de l'information de position de la sortie, elle permet également de réaliser des interactions complexes de façon sécuritaire et performante. Dans ce mémoire, le concept et la réalisation de prototypes sont présentés. Les performances de contrôle de force, d'interaction et de mouvement sont illustrées et discutées. Ces résultats indiquent des performances relativement uniques qui valident le potentiel de l'actionneur pour répondre à la problématique décrite. Une suite possible à ce projet serait la révision du prototype en vue d'optimiser des paramètres tels que la densité de couple, le coût de fabrication et la robustesse. Il s'agirait ensuite de tester l'actionneur dans un système robotique effectuant une tâche choisie. La technologie développée au cours de la maîtrise et décrite dans ce mémoire fait l'objet d'une demande de brevet international (protocole PCT) [Fauteux et al., 2009b].

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Possompès, Thibaut. "Configuration par modèle de caractéristiques adapté au contexte pour les lignes de produits logiciels : application aux Smart Buildings". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20237/document.

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Les lignes de produits logiciels ont pour objectif la réutilisation des documents, codes sources, architectures, et plus généralement tout artefact créé durant le développement de logiciels d'un même domaine. Pour cette réutilisation, on utilise aujourd'hui des ``modèles de caractéristiques''. L'approche consiste à décrire dans ce modèle les caractéristiques des artefacts créés et les contraintes permettant de les assembler, puis à sélectionner les caractéristiques représentatives d'un nouveau produit en le générant en tout ou partie. Dans certaines situations, une caractéristique représente un artefact associé à un élément du contexte que le produit doit gérer. Une telle caractéristique, et les contraintes relatives à sa mise en œuvre, peuvent être clonées pour chaque occurrence de l'élément dans le contexte. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous cherchons à déterminer l'impact du contexte d'exécution d'un futur produit sur les caractéristiques d'une ligne de produits logiciels. Nous explorons tout d'abord les différentes manières de représenter un modèle de caractéristiques et le contexte d'un produit. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode générique pour adapter un modèle de caractéristiques aux éléments d'un contexte. Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le contexte du projet RIDER (Reasearch for ITDriven EneRgy efficiency). Ce projet a pour objectif la réduction des pertes énergétiques subies à cause d'une gestion inappropriée des sources et des besoins énergétiques des bâtiments. La variété des équipements et les spécificités de chaque bâtiment nécessitent une adaptation au cas par cas des logiciels d'optimisation énergétique. Nous proposons donc d'appliquer à ce projet une approche par lignes de produits logiciels, et plus particulièrement, notre méthode d'adaptation de modèles de caractéristiques au contexte, pour adapter les logiciels d'optimisation énergétique au contexte spécifique de chaque bâtiment
Software product lines aim at reusing documents, source code, architectures, and, all artefact created during software development achieved in a given domain. Nowadays, we use ``feature models'' to facilitate the reuse of such elements. The approach consists in describing, in this feature model, artefacts and their usage constraints, and then to identify representative features for creating a new product. In some situations, a feature represents an artefact associated to a context element that must be handled by the product. Such a feature, and its related constraints, can be cloned for each occurrence of instances of this element in a given context. In this thesis, we are try to determine the impact of a product execution context on a future product features. We first explore different ways for representing feature models and a product context. Then, we propose a generic method to adapt a feature model to context elements. This thesis has been achieved in the context of the RIDER project (Research for IT Driven EneRgy efficiency). This project aims at reducing energy waste due to an inappropriate management of energy sources and needs. The heterogeneousness of building equipments and each building specificities require to adapt energy optimisation software. We propose to apply a software product line approach to this project. More precisely, we propose to apply to this project our feature model context adaptation methodology, in order to adapt energy optimisation software to each building specific context

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Koteich, Jana. "Routage opportuniste tenant compte du contexte dans les réseaux sans fil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILB018.

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Aujourd'hui, le partage des données et du contenu numérique est essentiel dans diverses applications, notamment dans les domaines de la santé, de l'éducation et de l'agriculture. Les réseaux câblés traditionnels et les réseaux sans fil sont les deux principaux modes de communication, ces derniers présentant davantage de difficultés en raison de l'absence de chemin physique guidé. Le routage opportuniste apparaît comme une solution prometteuse dans les régions dépourvues d'infrastructures de communication, en particulier dans les pays les moins avancés.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une solution alternative aux approches basées sur l'infrastructure pour fournir des données indépendamment de toute infrastructure existante. Cette solution repose sur des dispositifs de communication et de stockage peu coûteux qui peuvent intégrer différentes technologies de communication, ce qui permet de créer un système global de partage de données préservant la vie privée et basé sur la mobilité naturelle des foules. Pour ce faire, nous analysons les schémas de mobilité de la foule afin d'attribuer une probabilité de livraison à un message en fonction de son schéma de mobilité. Tout d'abord, nous avons généré l'ensemble de données PILOT, une collection de données préservant la confidentialité des technologies de communication sans fil. L'ensemble de données se compose de quatre types d'informations collectées conjointement dans différents contextes de mobilité. Il comprend trois technologies de communication sans fil : les réponses des sondes WiFi, les balises BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) et les paquets LoRa (Long Range Radio), ainsi que des informations supplémentaires sur l'accélération, le roulis et le tangage, toutes collectées simultanément. L'ensemble des données a été collecté pendant environ 90 heures, avec une taille de 200 Mo, en utilisant les dispositifs FiPy de Pycom. Nous avons fourni les clés permettant de reproduire cette collecte de données et partagé les ensembles de données déjà collectés sur GitHub. Après avoir généré l'ensemble de données, nous avons traité les traces collectées de WiFi et de BLE pour générer un modèle de classification capable d'estimer la situation réelle d'un appareil. Le premier modèle créé, appelé modèle B, vise à identifier si un appareil est stationnaire ou mobile. Par la suite, un modèle complémentaire, le modèle M, a été créé pour déterminer une situation plus précise de l'appareil dans la vie réelle, comme à la maison, au bureau, dans un bus, un train, etc. Enfin, nous avons exploité l'ensemble des données collectées et les modèles d'apprentissage automatique entraînés pour concevoir un protocole de routage en établissant des probabilités de livraison conditionnées par le contexte déterminé de l'appareil. Nous testons et validons notre approche en utilisant le simulateur ONE, qui est conçu pour un environnement de réseau opportuniste
Today, sharing data and digital content is essential across various applications, particularly in health, education, and agriculture. Traditional wired networks and wireless networks are the two main modes of communication, with the latter presenting more challenges due to the absence of a guided physical path.Opportunistic routing emerges as a promising solution in regions lacking communication infrastructure, especially in Least Developed Countries.In this thesis, we propose an alternative solution to infrastructure-based approaches for delivering data independently of any existing operated infrastructure. This solution relies on low-cost communication and storage devices that can embed different communication technologies, resulting in a global privacy-preserving data-sharing system based on natural crowd mobility. To achieve this, we analyze crowd mobility patterns to assign a delivery probability for a message based on its mobility pattern. First, we generated the PILOT dataset, a privacy-preserving data collection of wireless communication Technologies. The dataset consists of four types of jointly collected information in different mobility contexts. It includes three wireless communication technologies: WiFi probe responses, BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) beacons, and LoRa (Long Range Radio) packets, as well as additional information on acceleration, roll, and pitch, all collected simultaneously. The dataset was collected over approximately 90 hours, with a size of 200 MB, using FiPy devices from Pycom. We provided the keys to reproduce such data collection and shared the datasets already collected on GitHub. After generating the dataset, we processed the collected traces of WiFi and BLE to generate a classification model that can estimate the real-life situation of a device. The first created model, called the B-model, aims to identify whether a device is stationary or mobile. Subsequently, a complementary model, the M-model, was created to determine a more precise real-life situation of the device, such as being at home, in the office, on a bus, train, etc. Finally, we exploited the collected dataset and the trained machine learning models todesign a routing protocol by setting delivery probabilities conditioned by the determined context of the device. We are testing and validating our approach using the ONE simulator, which is designed for an opportunistic network environment

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Durand, Anaïs. "Algorithmes distribués efficaces adaptés à un contexte incertain". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM037/document.

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Les systèmes distribués sont de plus en plus grands et complexes, alors que leur utilisation s'étend à de nombreux domaines (par exemple, les communications, la domotique, la surveillance, le ``cloud''). Par conséquent, les contextes d'exécution des systèmes distribués sont très divers. Dans cette thèse, nous nous focalisons sur des contextes incertains, autrement dit, le contexte n'est pas complètement connu au départ ou il est changeant. Plus précisément, nous nous focalisons sur deux principaux types d'incertitudes : une identification incomplète des processus et la présence de fautes. L'absence d'identification est fréquente dans de grands réseaux composés d'appareils produits et déployés en masse. De plus, l'anonymat est souvent une demande pour la sécurité et la confidentialité. De la même façon, les grands réseaux sont exposés aux pannes comme la panne définitive d'un processus ou une perte de connexion sans fil. Néanmoins, le service fourni doit rester disponible.Cette thèse est composée de quatre contributions principales. Premièrement, nous étudions le problème de l'élection de leader dans les anneaux unidirectionnels de processus homonymes (les processus sont identifiés mais leur ID n'est pas forcément unique). Par la suite, nous proposons un algorithme d'élection de leader silencieux et autostabilisant pour tout réseau connecté. Il s'agit du premier algorithme fonctionnant sous de telles conditions qui stabilise en un nombre polynomial de pas de calcul. La troisième contribution est une nouvelle propriété de stabilisation conçue pour les réseaux dynamiques qui garantit des convergences rapides et progressives après des changements topologiques. Nous illustrons cette propriété avec un algorithme de synchronisation d'horloges. Finalement, nous considérons la question de la concurrence dans les problèmes d'allocation de ressources. En particulier, nous étudions le niveau de concurrence qui peut être atteint dans une grande classe de problèmes d'allocation de ressources, l'allocation de ressources locales
Distributed systems become increasingly wide and complex, while their usage extends to various domains (e.g., communication, home automation, monitoring, cloud computing). Thus, distributed systems are executed in diverse contexts. In this thesis, we focus on uncertain contexts, i.e., the context is not completely known a priori or is unsettled. More precisely, we consider two main kinds of uncertainty: processes that are not completely identified and the presence of faults. The absence of identification is frequent in large networks composed of massively produced and deployed devices. In addition, anonymity is often required for security and privacy. Similarly, large networks are exposed to faults (e.g, process crashes, wireless connection drop), but the service must remain available.This thesis is composed of four main contributions. First, we study the leader election problem in unidirectional rings of homonym processes, i.e., processes are identified but their ID is not necessarily unique. Then, we propose a silent self-stabilizing leader election algorithm for arbitrary connected network. This is the first algorithm under such conditions that stabilizes in a polynomial number of steps. The third contribution is a new stabilizing property designed for dynamic networks that ensures fast and gradual convergences after topological changes. We illustrate this property with a clock synchronizing algorithm. Finally, we consider the issue of concurrency in resource allocation problems. In particular, we study the level of concurrency that can be achieved in a wide class of resource allocation problem, i.e., the local resource allocation

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Voisin, Samuel. "L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA PROPORTIONNALITÉ EN SEGPA Contraintes, spécificités, situations". Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939795.

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Cette thèse questionne l'enseignement de la proportionnalité à des élèves de 11 à 16 ans relevant de l'adaptation scolaire et de la scolarisation des élèves handicapés. Les travaux de didactique des mathématiques ont montré l'inaboutissement fréquent du projet d'appropriation de la proportionnalité auprès des élèves jusqu'au collège, et tout particulièrement en ASH. Afin de savoir si une adaptation peut se faire sans dénaturer le savoir, nous proposons donc une progression sur l'enseignement de la proportionnalité en classe de Quatrième SEGPA. Nous insistons sur l'importance de l'organisation des savoirs au sein de cette progression et sur la pertinence des contextes et des valeurs des variables didactiques numériques. Les analyses de nos observations se font dans le cadre de l'analyse statistique implicative, de la Théorie des Situations Didactiques ainsi que de la double approche utilisée dans l'analyse des pratiques des enseignants. La mise en œuvre de la progression construite nécessite pour les enseignants des connaissances mathématiques. Afin de réactiver ces connaissances, nous proposons des représentations symboliques qui illustrent les techniques de résolution de problèmes relevant de la proportionnalité simple.

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Voisin, Samuel. "L'enseignement de la proportionnalité en segpa : contraintes, spécificités, situations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22087.

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Cette thèse questionne l'enseignement de la proportionnalité à des élèves de 11 à 16 ans relevant de l'adaptation scolaire et de la scolarisation des élèves handicapés. Les travaux de didactique des mathématiques ont montré l'inaboutissement fréquent du projet d'appropriation de la proportionnalité auprès des élèves jusqu'au collège, et tout particulièrement en ASH.Afin de savoir si une adaptation peut se faire sans dénaturer le savoir, nous proposons donc une progression sur l'enseignement de la proportionnalité en classe de Quatrième SEGPA.Nous insistons sur l'importance de l'organisation des savoirs au sein de cette progression et sur la pertinence des contextes et des valeurs des variables didactiques numériques. Les analyses de nos observations se font dans le cadre de l'analyse statistique implicative, de la Théorie des Situations Didactiques ainsi que de la double approche utilisée dans l'analyse des pratiques des enseignants.La mise en œuvre de la progression construite nécessite pour les enseignants des connaissances mathématiques. Afin de réactiver ces connaissances, nous proposons des représentations symboliques qui illustrent les techniques de résolution de problèmes relevant de la proportionnalité simple
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the teaching of proportionality to 11 to 16-year old pupils registered in special-needs schools including pupils with more severe learning disabilities.Studies related to the teaching of mathematics have shown that the understanding of proportionality by pupils up to middle school age and more particularly by children with significant learning difficulties is often inappropriate. In order to find out if an adjustment can be made without any impact on the knowledge requirements, we experimented a teaching plan concerning the learning of proportionality by children with special-needs in the context of our study. We insist on the importance of the organization of the different types of knowledge within this teaching plan and also on the relevance of backgrounds and values of numerical didactical parameters. Analysis of our observations is carried out with statistical implicative analysis, Theory of Didactical Situations and with the frame of the double approach used to analyse the practices of teachers.The implementation of such a teaching plan requires, for teachers, mathematical knowledge. In order to reactivate this knowledge, we propose a symbolic scheme for each resolving technique applied to problems involving direct proportionality

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Arnaud, Julien. "Délivrance de servcies médias ubiquitaires adaptés selon le contexte au sein de réseaux de nouvelles générations". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14744/document.

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Les récentes avancées technologiques permettent désormais la fabrication de terminaux mobiles de plus en plus compacts et dotés de plusieurs interfaces réseaux. Le nouveau modèle de consommation de médias se résume par le concept "Anytime, Anywhere, Any Device" et impose donc de nouvelles exigences en termes de déploiement de services ubiquitaires. Cependant la conception et le developpement de réseaux ubiquitaires et convergents de nouvelles générations soulèvent un certain nombre de défis techniques. Les standards actuels ainsi que les solutions commerciales pourraient être affectés par le manque de considération du contexte utilisateur. Le ressenti de l'utilisateur concernant certains services multimédia tels que la VoIP et l'IPTV dépend fortement des capacités du terminal et des conditions du réseau d'accès. Cela incite les réseaux de nouvelles générations à fournir des services ubiquitaires adaptés à l'environnement de l'utilisateur optimisant par la même occasion ses resources. L'IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) est une architecture de nouvelle génération qui centralise l'accès aux services et permet la convergence des réseaux fixe/mobile. Néanmoins, l'évolution de l'IMS est nécessaire sur les points suivants :- l'introduction de la sensibilité au contexte utilisateur et de la PQoS (Perceived QoS) : L'architecture IMS ne prend pas en compte l'environnement de l'utilisateur, ses préférences et ne dispose pas d'un méchanisme de gestion de PQOS. Pour s'assurer de la qualité fournit à l'utilisateur final, des informations sur l'environnement de l'utilisateur ainsi que ses préférences doivent transiter en cœur de réseau afin d'y être analysés. Ce traitement aboutit au lancement du service qui sera adapté et optimisé aux conditions observées. De plus pour le service d'IPTV, les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles de la vidéo influent de manière importante sur la PQoS observée côté utilisateur. L'adaptation des services multimédias en fonction de l'évolution du contexte utilisateur et de la nature de la vidéo diffusée assure une qualité d'expérience à l'utilisateur et optimise par la même occasion l'utilisation des ressources en cœur de réseau.- une solution de mobilité efficace pour les services conversationnels tels que la VoIP : Les dernières publications 3GPP fournissent deux solutions de mobilité: le LTE propose MIP comme solution de mobilité alors que l'IMS définit une mobilité basée sur le protocole applicatif SIP. Ces standards définissent le système de signalisation mais ne s'avancent pas sur la gestion du flux média lors du changement d'interface réseau. La deuxième section introduit une étude comparative détaillée des solutions de mobilité dans les NGNs.Notre première contribution est la spécification de l'architecture globale de notre plateforme IMS sensible au contexte utilisateur réalisée au sein du projet Européen ADAMANTIUM. Nous détaillons tout d'abord le serveur MCMS intelligent placé dans la couche application de l'IMS. Cet élément récolte les informations de qualité de services à différents équipements réseaux et prend la décision d'une action sur l'un de ces équipements. Ensuite nous définissons un profil utilisateur permettant de décrire son environnement et de le diffuser en coeur de réseau. Une étude sur la prédiction de satisfaction utilisateur en fonction des paramètres spatio-temporels de la vidéo a été réalisée afin de connaître le débit idéal pour une PQoS désirée.Notre deuxième contribution est l'introduction d'une solution de mobilité adaptée aux services conversationnels (VoIP) tenant compte du contexte utilisateur. Notre solution s'intègre à l'architecture IMS existante de façon transparente et permet de réduire le temps de latence du handover. Notre solution duplique les paquets de VoIP sur les deux interfaces actives pendant le temps de la transition. Parallèlement, un nouvel algorithme de gestion de mémoire tampon améliore la qualité d'expérience pour le service de VoIP
The latest advances in technology have already defied Moore’s law. Thanks to research and industry, hand-held devices are composed of high processing embedded systems enabling the consumption of high quality services. Furthermore, recent trends in communication drive users to consume media Anytime, Anywhere on Any Device via multiple wired and wireless network interfaces. This creates new demands for ubiquitous and high quality service provision management. However, defining and developing the next generation of ubiquitous and converged networks raise a number of challenges. Currently, telecommunication standards do not consider context-awareness aspects for network management and service provisioning. The experience felt by the end-user consuming for instance Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet Protocol TeleVision (IPTV) services varies depending mainly on user preferences, device context and network resources. It is commonly held that Next Generation Network (NGN) should deliver personalized and effective ubiquitous services to the end user’s Mobile Node (MN) while optimizing the network resources at the network operator side. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a standardized NGN framework that unifies service access and allows fixed/mobile network convergence. Nevertheless IMS technology still suffers from a number of confining factors that are addressed in this thesis; amongst them are two main issues :The lack of context-awareness and Perceived-QoS (PQoS):-The existing IMS infrastructure does not take into account the environment of the user ,his preferences , and does not provide any PQoS aware management mechanism within its service provisioning control system. In order to ensure that the service satisfies the consumer, this information need to be sent to the core network for analysis. In order to maximize the end-user satisfaction while optimizing network resources, the combination of a user-centric network management and adaptive services according to the user’s environment and network conditions are considered. Moreover, video content dynamics are also considered as they significantly impact on the deduced perceptual quality of IPTV services. -The lack of efficient mobility mechanism for conversational services like VoIP :The latest releases of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) provide two types of mobility solutions. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) uses Mobile IP (MIP) and IMS uses Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) mobility. These standards are focusing on signaling but none of them define how the media should be scheduled in multi-homed devices. The second section introduces a detailed study of existing mobility solutions in NGNs. Our first contribution is the specification of the global context-aware IMS architecture proposed within the European project ADAptative Management of mediA distributioN based on saTisfaction orIented User Modeling (ADAMANTIUM). We introduce the innovative Multimedia Content Management System (MCMS) located in the application layer of IMS. This server combines the collected monitoring information from different network equipments with the data of the user profile and takes adaptation actions if necessary. Then, we introduce the User Profile (UP) management within the User Equipment (UE) describing the end-user’s context and facilitating the diffusion of the end-user environment towards the IMS core network. In order to optimize the network usage, a PQoS prediction mechanism gives the optimal video bit-rate according to the video content dynamics. Our second contribution in this thesis is an efficient mobility solution for VoIP service within IMS using and taking advantage of user context. Our solution uses packet duplication on both active interfaces during handover process. In order to leverage this mechanism, a new jitter buffer algorithm is proposed at MN side to improve the user’s quality of experience. Furthermore, our mobility solution integrates easily to the existing IMS platform

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Maestre, Carlos. "Autonomous and Online Generation of Skills Inferring Actions Adapted to Low-Level and High-Level Contextual States". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS123.pdf.

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Les robots sont censés nous aider dans nos tâches quotidiennes. À cette ﬁn, ils peuvent devoir eﬀectuer diﬀérentes tâches dans des scénarios changeants. Le nombre de scénarios dissemblables auxquels un robot peut faire face est illimité. Par conséquent, il est plausible de penser qu’un robot doit apprendre de manière autonome pour eﬀectuer des tâches. Une tâche consiste à générer un changement attendu, c’est-à-dire un eﬀet, dans l’environnement, la conﬁguration du robot, ou les deux. Par conséquent, le robot doit apprendre à eﬀectuer la bonne action sur l’environnement pour obtenir l’eﬀet attendu. Une approche de l’apprentissage de ces actions est à travers une interaction continue du robot avec son environnement en se concentrant sur ces actions produisant des eﬀets sur l’environnement. La relation acquise de l’application d’une action sur un objet pour obtenir un eﬀet est appelée aﬀordance. Au cours des dernières années, de nombreux eﬀorts de recherche ont été consacrés à l’apprentissage des affordances. Les travaux connexes couvrent l’apprentissage de simples actions saissir sur des scénarios de table à la déﬁnition d’architectures cognitives complexes. Ces travaux s’appuient sur diﬀérents blocs de construction, comme méthodes de vision pour identiﬁer la position des objets ou des compétences sensorimotrices prédéﬁnies pour générer des eﬀets sur un environnement contraint. L’utilisation d’actions prédéﬁnies facilite l’apprentissage des aﬀordances, produisant une information riche et cohérente des changements produits sur un objet. Cependant, nous aﬃrmons que l’utilisation de ces actions limite l’évolutivité des expériences disponibles aux environnements dynamiques et bruyants. Le travail actuel porte sur l’apprentissage autonome d’un ensemble de compétences sensorimotrices à travers des interactions avec un environnement. Chaque compétence doit générer une action continue pour reproduire un eﬀet sur un objet, adapté à la position de l’objet. En outre, chaque compétence est simultanément adaptée aux perturbations de bas niveau, par ex. un changement dans la position de l’objet, et des changements contextuels de haut niveau, par ex. un poêle s’allume [...]
Robots are expected to assist us in our daily tasks. To that end, they may need to perform diﬀerent tasks in changing scenarios. The number of dissimilar scenarios a robot can face is unlimited. Therefore, it is plausible to think that a robot must learn autonomously to perform tasks. A task consists in generating an expected change, i.e. an eﬀect, in the environment, the robot conﬁguration, or both. Therefore, the robot must learn to perform the right action on the environment to obtain the expected eﬀect. An approach to learning these actions is through a continuous interaction of the robot with its environment focusing on those actions producing eﬀects on the environment. The acquired relation of applying an action on an object to obtain an eﬀect is called aﬀordance. During the last years many Research eﬀorts were devoted toaﬀordance learning. Related works cover from the learning of simple push actions on tabletop scenarios to the deﬁnition of complex cognitive architectures. These works rely on diﬀerent building blocks, as vision methods to identify the position of the objects or predeﬁned sensorimotor skills to generate eﬀects on a constrained environment. The use of predeﬁned actions eases the learning of aﬀordances, producing a rich and consistent information oft he changes produce don an object. However, we claim that the use of these actions constrains the scalability of the available experiments to dynamic and noisy environments. The current work addresses the autonomous learning of a set of sensorimotor skills through interactions with an environment. Each skill must generate a continuous action to reproduce an eﬀect on an object, adapted to the object position. Besides, each skill is simultaneously adapted to low level perturbations, e.g. a change in the object position, and high-level contextual changes, e.g. a stove gets on [...]

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11

Lemke, Ana Paula. "K2 - uma arquitetura para a adapta??o de agentes de software ao contexto". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5136.

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A tecnologia de agentes ? cada vez mais citada como uma abordagem atrativa para o desenvolvimento de aplica??es em ambientes pervasivos [Gun08b]. No entanto, a maioria das plataformas dispon?veis ap?ia apenas a cria??o de agentes capazes de lidar com um conjunto limitado de situa??es (os agentes precisam ser reprogramados quando se deparam com situa??es n?o previstas). A dificuldade de produzir software para ambientes complexos como o pervasivo vem justamente do fato de o projetista n?o poder prever todas as circunst?ncias em que a aplica??o poder? ser usada, e tomar todas as decis?es em tempo de projeto. Assim, ? necess?rio desenvolver agentes que consigam aprender e se adaptar de forma a satisfazer as condi??es de um novo ambiente, ou de um novo contexto. Considerando essa necessidade, o objetivo desta pesquisa ? propor uma arquitetura para a cria??o de agentes adaptativos ao contexto - a arquitetura K2. De fato, a id?ia ? disponibilizar uma arquitetura que permita a modifica??o de partes de elementos estruturais de um agente de software, adaptando o seu comportamento e estrutura de acordo com as mudan?as percebidas no contexto em que o agente est? inserido. Uma das caracter?sticas da arquitetura proposta ? a separa??o do comportamento adaptativo do comportamento padr?o do agente. Para tanto, s?o criados elementos chamados de adaptadores, cuja implanta??o ? feita com programa??o orientada a aspectos. Para demonstrar a aplicabilidade da arquitetura desenvolvida, tr?s exemplos de uso s?o apresentados

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12

Di, Orio Giovanni. "Adapter module for self-learning production systems". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10402.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica, Sistemas e Computadores
The dissertation presents the work done under the scope of the NP7 Self-Learning project regarding the design and development of the Adapter component as a foundation for the Self-Learning Production Systems (SLPS). This component is responsible to confer additional proprieties to production systems such as lifecycle learning, optimization of process parameters and, above all, adaptation to different production contexts. Therefore, the SLPS will be an evolvable system capable to self-adapt and learn in response to dynamic contextual changes in manufacturing production process in which it operates. The key assumption is that a deeper use of data mining and machine learning techniques to process the huge amount of data generated during the production activities will allow adaptation and enhancement of control and other manufacturing production activities such as energy use optimization and maintenance. In this scenario, the SLPS Adapter acts as a doer and is responsible for dynamically adapting the manufacturing production system parameters according to changing manufacturing production contexts and, most important, according to the history of the manufacturing production process acquired during SLPS run time.To do this, a Learning Module has been also developed and embedded into the SLPS Adapter. The SLPS Learning Module represents the processing unit of the SLPS Adapter and is responsible to deliver Self-learning capabilities relying on data mining and operator’s feedback to up-date the execution of adaptation and context extraction at run time. The designed and implemented SLPS Adapter architecture is assessed and validated into several application scenario provided by three industrial partners to assure industrial relevant self-learning production systems. Experimental results derived by the application of the SLPS prototype into real industrial environment are also presented.

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13

Carrillo, Ramos Angela Cristina. "Agents ubiquitaires pour un accès adapté aux systèmes d'information : Le Framework PUMAS". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136931.

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L'informatique ubiquitaire est un paradigme récent dont l'objectif est de permettre aux utilisateurs de consulter des données n'importe quand, n'importe où, notamment à l'aide de Dispositifs Mobiles (DM). Dans ce cadre, garantir l'accès par des utilisateurs nomades aux Systèmes d'Information (SI) à travers divers dispositifs, ainsi que l'adaptation de l'information aux préférences de l'utilisateur nomade et au contexte d'utilisation de la session en cours, sont deux problèmes liés non encore résolus. En effet, les utilisateurs nomades de SI peuvent être exposés à une grande quantité d'informations qui n'est pas toujours pertinente ni même simplement supportée par leurs DM. A des fins d'adaptation, un SI doit donc disposer de données sur le contexte d'utilisation – notion qui englobe les conditions temporelles, spatiales, matérielles, etc. dans lesquelles l'utilisateur accède au SI –, mais également sur les préférences de l'utilisateur afin de satisfaire ses attentes à la fois en termes de fonctionnalités, de contenu, et d'affichage.
A travers deux propositions, les travaux de thèse exposés ici tentent d'apporter une réponse à cette double problématique. Tout d'abord, nous avons conçu et réalisé un framework appelé PUMAS qui offre à des utilisateurs nomades un accès à l'information, qui prend en compte le contexte d'utilisation. L'approche que nous avons choisie est celle des agents. Ainsi, l'architecture de PUMAS est composée de quatre Systèmes Multi-Agents (SMA) respectivement dédiés à la connexion aux SI, la communication entre les utilisateurs et les SI, la gestion de l'information et l'adaptation de celle-ci. Ensuite, nous avons élaboré un Système de Gestion de Profil Contextuel (SGPC) qui contribue à l'adaptation de l'information délivrée à un utilisateur nomade sur trois aspects : i) une formalisation de la notion de préférence de l'utilisateur qui permet de modéliser les activités accomplies dans le système, les résultats attendus de ces activités et la manière dont ces résultats sont présentés ; ii) un algorithme de correspondance contextuelle qui génère le profil contextuel d'un utilisateur nomade à partir du contexte d'utilisation ; iii) un mécanisme qui gère les conflits pouvant survenir entre les préférences de l'utilisateur. Enfin, le SGPC a été intégré à PUMAS au sein du SMA dédié à l'adaptation de l'information.

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14

Antunes, Marcelo Moreira 1965. "As artes marciais chinesas para pessoas com deficiência = contextos, dilemas e possibilidades = Chinese martial arts for people with disabilities : contexts, dilemmas and possibilities". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275009.

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Orientador: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campionas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: As artes marciais sempre fizeram parte da cultura e da história do homem desde o início do mundo civilizado. Elas evoluíram e se transformaram a partir das necessidades contextuais do homem, entretanto, por muito tempo serviram enfaticamente para fins militares e políticos. Com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias bélicas, em especial no fim do século XVIII e início do século XIX, as artes marciais foram perdendo a sua importância militar, ganhando outros contornos e funcionalidades. Nesse contexto, o wushu destacou-se pelas novas perspectivas de prática voltadas para a saúde, esporte e lazer. É neste cenário de modificação das antigas tradições das artes marciais que o presente estudo estabeleceu como objetivo central a identificação de como as novas funcionalidades dessas tradições possibilitam a sua prática por pessoas com diferentes e peculiares condições e quais são as possíveis modalidades a serem praticadas, vinculadas às diferentes deficiências. Para a realização desse estudo, utilizou-se como técnica a aplicação de dois questionários distintos para mapear no Brasil, o número de praticantes e a prática do wushu por pessoas com deficiência, além da realização de entrevistas com professores da modalidade, vinculados direta ou indiretamente à Confederação Brasileira de Kungfu Wushu (CBKW), indicados por esse órgão, que possuem mais de 20 anos de prática. Também foram entrevistados alguns praticantes de wushu que possuem deficiência. A partir desses dados, são apresentadas modalidades do esporte vinculadas às diferentes deficiências, no sentido de sugerir possibilidades de prática. No Brasil, foi identificada a prática de wushu por pessoas com diferentes limitações, sendo que os mais recorrentes são os que apresentam deficiência física, seguidos pelos com problemas auditivos, intelectuais e visuais. Essa prática é realizada de modo não sistemático e sem um planejamento prévio, ocorrendo a partir da procura desse público pela modalidade. A atividade física e o esporte são entendidos como foco principal da prática, entretanto, os informantes consideram que a defesa pessoal seja também uma possibilidade. Foram identificados professores de wushu com deficiência atuando no ensino dessa modalidade, lecionando para alunos com e sem deficiência. As sugestões para a prática do wushu para esse público não contemplam todas as modalidades para qualquer deficiência. Algumas são indicadas, outras sugerem restrições e necessitam de adaptações, e outras, ainda, não são indicadas. Essas sugestões estão vinculadas às diferentes e peculiares condições apresentadas pela pessoa que pretende praticar o wushu. A partir da percepção dos informantes do estudo, todas as pessoas com diferentes tipos de impedimentos podem praticar o wushu, sempre dependendo do grau da deficiência, da adaptação dos conteúdos, dos métodos de ensino, e por último, da competência do professor envolvido
Abstract: Martial arts have been part of the culture and history of humankind since the begging of the civilized world. They do not only evolved, but also adapted themselves for human necessitate. However, martial arts were used for militaries and political purposes for a long time. With the development of weapons technologies, especially in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the martial arts were losing their military importance, gaining contours and other features. In this context, wushu is highlighted by new perspectives of practice focused on health, sport and leisure. This study established as its objectives, under a changing scenario in ancient martial arts traditions, to identify how new features of these traditions allow its practice by people with different and peculiar conditions and what are the possible ways to be practiced, linked to various disabilities. In order to conduct this study, it was used as the technique to map in Brazil the number of practitioners and their practice wushu by people with disabilities, two separate questionnaires, including also interviews with people who teaches wushu, linked directly or indirectly to Brazilian Confederation of Kungfu Wushu (CBKW), given by that body, who possess over 20 years of practice. Wushu practitioners who have disabilities were also interviewed. From these data, it was presented the sport modalities linked to different disabilities, to suggest possibilities for practice. In Brazil, it was identified wushu practice by people with different limitations, and the most common were physically disabled people, followed by those with hearing, visual and mentally disabilities. This practice is carried out in a non-systematic and without prior planning, occurring due to the motivation of this public. Physical activity and sport are seen as the main focus of practice; however, the participants considered that self-defense is also a possibility. It was identified wushu teachers with disabilities working in teaching this modality for students with and without disabilities. The suggestions for practicing Wushu from this audience do not include all the arrangements for any deficiency. Some are indicated, others suggest some restrictions and require adjustments, and still others are not listed. These suggestions are linked to different and unique conditions presented by the person who intends to practice wushu. From informants' perspective of this study, everyone with different types of disabilities can practice wushu, always depending on the degree of disability, repurposing content, teaching methods, and at last, the competence of the teacher involved
Doutorado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Doutor em Educação Física

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15

Merle, Frédéric. "Proposition d'une grille d'analyse pour la composition de systèmes P2P adaptés aux contextes applicatifs". Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0028.

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Avec la démocratisation de l'Internet et le développement des systèmes distribué à très large échelle, le modèle pair-à-pair, ou P2P, s'est imposé comme une alternative au modèle Clients/Serveur. Ainsi, depuis le début des années 2000, le développement de systèmes basés sur le modèle P2P a connu un essor très important, conduisant à la proposition de nombreux systèmes différents. Or une grande partie des optimisations proposées dans ces systèmes sont difficilement réutilisables en l'état. La question qui se pose est donc de trouver un moyen pour faciliter la réutilisabilité des nombreuses optimisations et concepts développés depuis les années 2000 afin de composer des systèmes P2P adaptés à des contextes applicatifs variés. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé les systèmes P2P existant afin de définir des blocs fonctionnels communs à chacun d’eux ainsi que les différentes familles d’approches ayant été proposées pour chacun de ces blocs. À partir de ces informations, nous proposons une grille d’analyse permettant de relier les besoins d’un contexte applicatif donné aux approches existantes pour chacun des blocs fonctionnels composant un système P2P. Pour tester notre grille d’analyse, nous l’avons utilisée pour définir des systèmes P2P adaptés à deux contextes applicatifs: un système de fournisseur de services à l’habitat et les archives scientifiques. Ces deux cas d’études nous ont permis de montrer que notre grille d’analyse permettait de réutiliser des approches ayant été développées dans d’autres contextes applicatifs et ainsi élaborer des systèmes originaux et performants
With the democratization of the Internet and the development of large scale distributed systems, the peer-to-peer, or P2P, has emerged as an alternative to the Client/Server model. Thus, since the early 2000s, numerous systems based on the P2P model have been developed, leading to the proposal of many different systems. But much of the optimizations proposed in these systems can hardly be reuse. The question that arises is to find a way to facilitate the reusability of the optimizations and concepts developed in the 2000s to compose P2P systems adapted to different application contexts. To do so, we analyzed the existing P2P systems to define functional blocks common to each system and the different kind of approaches that have been proposed for each of these blocks. From this information, we propose an analytical framework to link the needs of a given application context to existing approaches for each building blocks of a P2P system. To test our analytical framework, we use it to define P2P systems adapted to two application contexts: a provider of home services and scientific archives. With these two cases of studies we have shown that our analytical framework allows reuse approaches that have been developed in other applications contexts to elaborate original and efficient systems

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16

Agard, Bastien. "Détermination d’une stratégie de dimensionnement en fatigue à faible nombre de cycles adaptée au contexte industriel". Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEE003.

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Depuis le XXème siècle, le développement continu des puissances de calcul a permis aux méthodes numériques de devenir essentielles dans le processus de conception des produits industriels. La méthode de calcul par éléments finis apporte aux industriels des solutions fiables pour anticiper avec précision la tenue mécanique des composants sans recourir aux prototypages réels. La tendance actuelle d’optimisation des coûts de fabrication impacte directement la conception des produits avec notamment comme axe de travail la réduction des épaisseurs de matière. Dans ce contexte, les pièces de structures sont moins robustes qu’avant. La maitrise de la tenue en fatigue des composants est devenue aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur. Ce phénomène complexe se montre sensible à l’histoire vécu par la matière, notamment en ce qui concerne les potentiels impacts sur les propriétés matériaux locales des différents procédés de fabrication intrinsèques au composant. Le procédé de soudage induit des conséquences à plusieurs niveaux de l’assemblage qui peuvent s’avérer être néfastes pour la durée de vie des structures. Ces phénomènes multi-physiques d’origine thermique, métallurgique et mécanique doivent alors être pris en compte comme données d’entrée dans les études en fatigue pour fiabiliser les résultats. Cependant, la complexité des données d’entrée et les temps de traitements très conséquents freinent leur utilisation par les ingénieurs lorsqu’il s’agit de structures de grandes dimensions. Afin de répondre aux besoins des industriels, deux développements ont été créés pour réduire le temps d’analyse des approches de Manson-Coffin et de Fatemi-Socie de près de 99,9%. Ces post-traitements font partie intégrante d’une stratégie originale de dimensionnement en fatigue chainant la prise en compte des effets locaux des procédés d’assemblage, et permettant ainsi l’analyse en fatigue des grandes structures dans un délais compatible avec les attentes des bureaux d’études
Since the 20th century, the continuous development of computing power has enabled numerical methods to become essential in the design process of industrial products. The finite element calculation method provides manufacturers with reliable solutions for accurately anticipating the mechanical strength of components by limiting the number of prototypes. The current trend of reducing manufacturing costs has a direct impact on product design with, in particular, the reduction of material thicknesses. In this context, the structural parts are more exposed to the risk of rupture. Controlling the fatigue behavior of components has now become a major challenge. This complex phenomenon is sensitive to the history experienced by the material, particularly with regard to the impacts on the local material properties by the various manufacturing processes. The welding process induces consequences at several levels of the assembly which can prove to be harmful for the life of the structures. These multi-physical phenomena of thermal, metallurgical and mechanical origin must then be taken into account as input data in fatigue studies to make the results more reliable. However, the complexity of the input data and the very substantial processing times hamper their use by engineers when dealing with large structures. In order to meet the needs of manufacturers, two developments have been created to reduce the analysis time of the Manson-Coffin and Fatemi-Socie approaches by nearly 99.9%. These post-processings take part of an original fatigue dimensioning strategy linking the consideration of the local effects of assembly processes, and thus allowing the fatigue analysis of large structures within a timeframe compatible with the industrial context

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17

Ortega, Norambuena Daniel Antonio. "Diseño e implementación de herramienta para la configuración de contextos en proyectos de software". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111915.

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Ingeniero Civil en Computación
Pocas PyMEs de desarrollo de software en Chile tienen un proceso organizacional de nido, aunque son concientes de su importancia. El proyecto ADAPTE tiene como objetivo adaptar el proceso de desarrollo organizacional, generando un proceso acorde a un proyecto de software espec co. Para poder llevar a cabo esta tarea, es necesario tener conocimiento del proceso organizacional y del contexto de cada empresa. Actualmente, la de nici on del proceso organizacional se realiza con una herramienta llamada Eclipse Process Framework Composer (EPF), y para la de nici on del contexto se utiliza la herramienta Eclipse Modeling Tools (EMT). Una vez obtenidas ambas definiciones, se realizan las transformaciones necesarias para obtener un proceso organizacional adaptado. El problema de este proceso, se presenta en el uso de la herramienta EMT, ya que es una herramienta específica, la cual requiere de un conocimiento previo para operar en ella. El no tener este conocimiento puede generar costos tanto en tiempo, esfuerzo y dinero para la empresa. Es necesario que esta de nici on se realice en dos etapas distintas. La primera etapa es la definición del modelo de contexto organizacional, la cual se debe realizar por un Ingeniero de Procesos de la organizaci on. La segunda etapa consta de con gurar el modelo de contexto de nido en la primera etapa, obteniendo un contexto concreto en un proyecto de software espec co. Esta labor la debe llevar a cabo un Jefe de Proyecto. Ambas etapas se deben realizar de manera f acil, rápida e intuitiva, sin necesidad de tener conocimiento de alguna herramienta específica como EMT. Un modelo de contexto est a construido por tres elementos fundamentales: las dimensiones, los atributos y los posibles valores. Estos elementos, se relacionan de la siguiente manera: las dimensiones poseen atributos y los atributos tienen posibles valores. La soluci on propuesta es costruir una aplicaci on web, la cual consta de dos m odulos. El primero, destinado para la de nici on del modelo de contexto, y el segundo para la con guraci on del contexto concreto. Para el manejo y desarrollo de las interfaces, en una aplicaci on web existe mayor libertad por parte del desarrollador para lograr un alto nivel de usabilidad. Adem as, las personas en general est an muy familiarizadas con este tipo de interfaces, ya que conviven con estas d a a día. Para validar la soluci on se realizaron pruebas de usabilidad y robustez. Las pruebas de usabilidad se enfocaron en validar el nivel de satisfacci on que genera la aplicación en el usuario y el nivel de aprendizaje de la interfaz. Se utiliz o una entrevista con preguntas cuantitativas y cualitativas, permitiendo tener una cali caci on de la aplicaci on y mayor retroalimentaci on por parte del usuario. Para las pruebas de robustez, se utiliz o la aplicaci on en situaciones en las cuales, de no responder de manera correcta, el resultado obtenido no ser a el esperado por el usuario. Estas situaciones fueron: tratar de eliminar todas las dimensiones del modelo de contexto, todos los atributos de una dimensión, y todos los posibles valores de un atributo. Tambi en se intent o crear elementos repetidos, ya sean dimensiones, atributos de una misma dimensi on o posibles valores de un mismo atributo.

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18

Manzon, Diane. "Développement de nouveaux outils en plans d'expériences adaptés à l'approche quality by design (QbD) dans un contexte biologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0223.

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L’approche quality by design (QbD) est un concept récent initié par le contrôle qualité qui a conduit à de nouvelles exigences de la part des autorités règlementaires, en particulier dans l'industrie pharmaceutique. Parmi celles-ci, la directive ICHQ8 explique que la qualité ne doit pas être testée sur les produits finis mais doit être intégrée tout au long, de la conception au produit fini. Cette approche se caractérise par différentes étapes dont l’une consiste à évaluer les risques, ce qui revient principalement à identifier les paramètres critiques dans un procédé ou une formulation. Pour cela, des expérimentations doivent être menées et des plans d’expériences adéquats vont permettre de modéliser les phénomènes étudiés pour ensuite représenter des surfaces de réponse dans l’espace expérimental à explorer. Dans cet espace, la Food and Drug Administration recommande de délimiter un sous-espace, appelé "Design Space", caractérisé par une certaine probabilité que les paramètres de sortie respectent les spécifications du cahier des charges. Ce Design Space a généralement une forme géométrique quelconque, ce qui signifie que la plage de variation acceptable d’un paramètre va dépendre de la valeur d’un autre paramètre. Pour remédier à cette contrainte et ainsi définir des "Proven Acceptable Independent Range" pour chaque paramètre étudié, nous avons utilisé et adapté différentes méthodes. Leurs performances respectives, quant à la définition de domaines de variation acceptables pour chaque paramètre indépendamment, ont été testées sur différents cas d’étude
The quality by design (QbD) approach is a recent concept initiated by quality control which has led to new requirements from regulatory authorities, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry. Among these, the guideline ICHQ8 explains that quality should not be tested on finished products but should be integrated throughout, from design to finished product. This approach is characterised by different steps, one of which is risk assessment, which mainly involves identifying the critical parameters in a process or formulation. To do this, experiments must be carried out and suitable experimental designs will enable the phenomena studied to be modelled and then represent response surfaces in the experimental space to be explored. In this space, the Food and Drug Administration recommends delimiting a sub-space, called "Design Space", characterised by a certain probability that the output parameters comply with the specifications. This Design Space usually has any geometric shape, which means that the acceptable variation range of a parameter will depend on the value of another parameter. To overcome this constraint and thus define "Proven Acceptable Independent Range" for each parameter studied, we have used and adapted different methods. Their respective performance, in terms of defining acceptable variation range for each parameter independently, has been tested in different case studies

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19

Lopez-Velasco, Céline. "Sélection et composition de services web pour la génération d'applications adaptées au contexte d'utilisation". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10224.

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Ce travail se situe dans le domaine de la conception des applications à base d'architecture orientée services adaptées au contexte d'utilisation. Ce type d'architecture permet les échanges entre les fournisseurs de services et les clients qui conçoivent de telles applications. Afin que les clients trouvent le service correspondant aux mieux à leurs besoins, les services doivent être décrits par leur fournisseur selon un processus standard. Ceci permet à ces services d'être réutilisés, découverts et composés. La combinaison de ces services doit apporter un résultat adapté au contexte d'utilisation (l'utilisateur, la localisation, le temps, et le dispositif utilisé). Nous proposons dans ce travail une solution qui englobe les processus de description, de recherche, et de composition de services, en ajoutant de manière transversale l'adaptation au contexte d'utilisation. Le standard de description de services Web WSDL ne permet qu'une représentation des aspects fonctionnels des services (méthode, paramètres échangés, et protocole d'accès). Afin de faciliter les étapes de recherche et de sélection effectuées par les clients, la représentation de services doit être enrichie des aspects liés au domaine d'application auquel les services sont dédiés, les aspects non fonctionnels (tels que la description du fournisseur et des contraintes d'exécution) et le contexte d'utilisation auquel les services s'adaptent. Le modèle de représentation de services Web proposé, appelé WSR-Model, fournit l'ensemble de ces catégories d'informations afin que les fournisseurs publient leurs services et que les clients réalisent les étapes de recherche et de sélection. Ce modèle est opérationnalisé via le système de représentation de connaissances par objets AROM qui implémente le registre de services Web, que nous nommons WSR. La composition de services Web repose sur une description de la planification des services et sur l'exécution de cette planification. À ce jour, les solutions existantes ne prennent pas en compte l'évolutivité de la composition et la prise en compte de l'adaptation au contexte d'utilisation lors des phases de description et d'exécution de la composition. Nous proposons un modèle de composition de services Web, appelé ProbCWS, qui s'appuie sur les méthodes de résolution de problèmes à base de modèle de tâches. La définition de la composition est définie comme un problème à résoudre, dont les tâches de résolution de plus faible granularité sont des services Web. La plate-forme de génération d'applications adaptées, nommée GenAWS et intégrant ProbCWS, fournit aux clients un moyen de composer à la volée des applications adaptées. La mise en oeuvre de GenAWS est réalisée, entre autres, par le langage de résolution de problèmes AROMTasks, sous-jacent au système AROM
This thesis concerns the domain of applications adapted to use context issued from the field of Service Oriented Architecture. This type of architecture enhances the cooperation between service providers and service consumers that design SOA applications. In order to help consumers, finding the service that best suits theirs needs, the services must be described by the provider following a given description standard. This description allows services to be discovered, reused and integrated in new applications. The composition of several services must yield results adapted to the use context (user, localization, time, access device). We propose in this work a solution that encloses the description, the retrieval and the composition of services and that takes into account at all levels the adaptation to the use context. The standard for Web service description, WSDL, concerns only the functional aspects of services (methods, parameters, access protocol). For facilitating the retrieval and the selection, the representation of Web Services has to be enriched with information related to the application domains, to the non-functional aspects (such as, description of the provider, execution constraints) and to the use context for which the service was conceived. The model for Web Service representation, called WSR-Model, covers the above information categories in order to enhance the publication, the retrieval and the selection of Web service. This model is supported by a register called WSR, which was implemented using AROM, an object based knowledge representation system. The composition of Web services is based on the description of the execution plan of a collection of services. Nowadays, the existing solutions do not take into account the evolution of such compositions nor the adaptation to the use context. We propose a composition model, called ProbCWS, which transposes the problem solving methods based on task models to Web service compositions. A composition is defined as a decomposable problem for which the fine-grain solving tasks are Web services. The generation framework, called GenAWS, integrates ProbCWS and gives consumers a mean to compose on the fly adapted applications. GenAWS takes advantage of AROMTasks, a problem solving language that is part of AROM framework

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20

Lopez-Velasco, Céline. "Sélection et composition de services Web pour la génération d'applications adaptées au contexte d'utilisation". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388991.

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Ce travail se situe dans le domaine de la conception des applications à base d'architecture orientée services adaptées au contexte d'utilisation. Ce type d'architecture permet les échanges entre les fournisseurs de services et les clients qui conçoivent de telles applications. Afin que les clients trouvent le service correspondant aux mieux à leurs besoins, les services doivent être décrits par leur fournisseur selon un processus standard. Ceci permet à ces services d'être réutilisés, découverts et composés. La combinaison de ces services doit apporter un résultat adapté au contexte d'utilisation (l'utilisateur, la localisation, le temps, et le dispositif utilisé). Nous proposons dans ce travail une solution qui englobe les processus de description, de recherche, et de composition de services, en ajoutant de manière transversale l'adaptation au contexte d'utilisation.
Le standard de description de services Web WSDL ne permet qu'une représentation des aspects fonctionnels des services (méthode, paramètres échangés, et protocole d'accès). Afin de faciliter les étapes de recherche et de sélection effectuées par les clients, la représentation de services doit être enrichie des aspects liés au domaine d'application auquel les services sont dédiés, les aspects non fonctionnels (tels que la description du fournisseur et des contraintes d'exécution) et le contexte d'utilisation auquel les services s'adaptent. Le modèle de représentation de services Web proposé, appelé WSR-Model, fournit l'ensemble de ces catégories d'informations afin que les fournisseurs publient leurs services et que les clients réalisent les étapes de recherche et de sélection. Ce modèle est opérationnalisé via le système de représentation de connaissances par objets AROM qui implémente le registre de services Web, que nous nommons WSR.
La composition de services Web repose sur une description de la planification des services et sur l'exécution de cette planification. À ce jour, les solutions existantes ne prennent pas en compte l'évolutivité de la composition et la prise en compte de l'adaptation au contexte d'utilisation lors des phases de description et d'exécution de la composition. Nous proposons un modèle de composition de services Web, appelé ProbCWS, qui s'appuie sur les méthodes de résolution de problèmes à base de modèle de tâches. La définition de la composition est définie comme un problème à résoudre, dont les tâches de résolution de plus faible granularité sont des services Web. La plate-forme de génération d'applications adaptées, nommée GenAWS et intégrant ProbCWS, fournit aux clients un moyen de composer à la volée des applications adaptées. La mise en oeuvre de GenAWS est réalisée, entre autres, par le langage de résolution de problèmes AROMTasks, sous-jacent au système AROM.

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Grønli, Tor-Morten. "Cloud computing and context-awareness : a study of the adapted user experience". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6524.

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Today, mobile technology is part of everyday life and activities and the mobile ecosystems are blossoming, with smartphones and tablets being the major growth drivers. The mobile phones are no longer just another device, we rely on their capabilities in work and in private. We look to our mobile phones for timely and updated information and we rely on this being provided any time of any day at any place. Nevertheless, no matter how much you trust and love your mobile phone the quality of the information and the user experience is directly associated with the sources and presentation of information. In this perspective, our activities, interactions and preferences help shape the quality of service, content and products we use. Context-aware systems use such information about end-users as input mechanisms for producing applications based on mobile, location, social, cloud and customized content services. This represents new possibilities for extracting aggregated user-centric information and includes novel sources for context-aware applications. Accordingly, a Design Research based approach has been taken to further investigate the creation, presentation and tailoring of user-centric information. Through user evaluated experiments findings show how multi-dimensional context-aware information can be used to create adaptive solutions tailoring the user experience to the users’ needs. Research findings in this work; highlight possible architectures for integration of cloud computing services in a heterogeneous mobile environment in future context-aware solutions. When it comes to combining context-aware results from local computations with those of cloud based services, the results provide findings that give users tailored and adapted experiences based on the collective efforts of the two.

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Söderström, Albin, Miller Emanuel Rinaldo y Anderberg Theodor Mörse. "Don't Scroll Past! : Exploring how independent music artists can adapt their digital content marketing strategy to attract new listeners". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49033.

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Mohd, Shukri Siti Rohkmah Binti. "Children adapt drawing actions to their own motor variability and to the motivational context for action". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7431/.

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Children like to draw, but how easy is it for them to draw on a touch screen device? More specifically, how do children adapt the way that they draw to the device, to their own limitations and to the motivational context for action? Despite the fact that many children choose to draw on tablets there have been few studies of how they do so. Arguably tablets offer a more flexible drawing tool than paper and pencil but, on the other hand, there is some evidence that they also introduce some additional perceptual/motor difficulties for children. To answer this question, I conducted a series of laboratory experiments to examine how children aged between 4 to 11 years old adapt their drawing actions to their own motor variability and to extrinsic rewards. The thesis seeks a better understanding of the psychological process involved in drawing and drawing development in children given motivational factors. To this end it adopts a utility maximization approach to framing questions about drawing that derives its explanatory power from three components; ecology, utility and information processing mechanisms. The framework motivates theories that provide an explanatory and predictive account of children's adaptation of drawing strategies on a tablet, derived, in part, from the cognitive psychology of human movement control. The results indicate a developing sensitivity to utility and motor variability.

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Halldén, Albin y Madeleine Schönemann. "Adaptiv bildladdning i en kontextmedveten webbtjänst". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20683.

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Information på webben konsumeras idag via en mängd heterogena enheter. Faktorer som nätverksunderlag och skärmupplösning påverkar vilken bild som är lämplig att leverera till klienten, då en bild i sitt originaltillstånd på en tekniskt begränsad enhet tar lång tid att hämta samt kräver en stor datamängd. Eftersom surfandet på mobila enheter via mobila nätverk förväntas att öka är en lösning för adaptiv bildladdning relevant. Syftet är att undersöka huruvida en webbtjänst, bestående av en klient och en server, kan avgöra bäst lämpad bildkvalitet att leverera till klienten, baserat på dennes aktuella nätverksprestanda och skärmupplösning. En enhet med lägre skärmupplösning och ett långsammare nätverk berättigar en bild i sämre kvalitet och lägre bildupplösning. Därmed förkortas hämtnings- tiden och datamängden reduceras, vilket bidrar till en förbättrad användarupplevelse.Uppsatsen presenterar och utvärderar flera lösningar för adaptiv bildladdning. Lös- ningarna baseras på två parametrar: bredden på klientens webbläsarfönster samt svarstid mellan klient och server, med hjälp av javascript. Dessa parametrar står till grund för den skalning av storlek och kvalitet som sedan appliceras på bilden. Bilden tillhandahålls klien- ten genom någon av de två leveransmetoderna fördefinierade bilder, där flera olika versioner av bilden lagras på servern, och dynamiska bilder, där bilderna i realtid renderas på servern genom gd-biblioteket i php utifrån på originalbilden. Tre typer av adaptiv bildladdning – kvalitetsadaption, storleksadaption och en kombination av de båda, undersöks med av- seende på tidsåtgång och levererad datamängd. Dessa utvärderas sedan i förhållande till basfallet bestående av originalbilderna.Att använda någon typ av adaptionsmetod är i 14 av 15 fall bättre än att enbart leverera originalbilder. Bäst resultat ger kombinerad adaption på enheter med mindre skärmupp- lösning och långsammare nätverk men är även gynnsamt för enheter med medelsnabba nätverk och enheter med stöd för högre skärmupplösning. Både fördefinierad och dyna- misk leveransmetod ger bra resultat men då den dynamiska leveransmetodens skalbarhet med flera parallella anslutningar inte är känd rekommenderas fördefinierade bilder.
Today, information on the web is consumed via a variety of heterogeneous devices. Factors, such as network connection and screen resolution, affects which image that is the most suitable to deliver to the client. An image in its original condition, in a technically limited device, takes a long time to download and requires a large amount of data. Since the number of devices browsing the internet via mobile networks are expected to increase, a solution for adaptive image loading is needed. The aim of this thesis is to explore whether a web service, consisting of a client and a server, can determine the best suited image that should be delivered to the client. This is based on the client’s current network connection and screen resolution. A device with a lower screen resolution and a slower network connection requires an image of lower quality and lower resolution. Thus, the download time can be shortened and the data volume reduced, contributing to improved user experience.Our adaptive solution is based on two measurements – the width of the client’s browser window and the latency between the client and the server – using javascript. These para- meters are the basis for the scaling of the size and quality which applies to the image. The image is provided to the client by one of the two delivery methods: “predefined images”, where several different versions of the image are stored on the server, and “dynamic images”, where the images are rendered on the server by the gd library in php, based on the original image. Three types of adaptive image loading – quality adaptation, size adaptation and a combination of both, are investigated considering delivery time and the amount of data delivered. These are then evaluated in relation to the base case consisting of the original images.Using some type of adaptation method is in 14 out of 15 cases better than simply delivering the original images. The best results are given by the combined adaption method on devices with smaller screen resolutions and slower network connections, but is also beneficial for devices with medium speed connections and devices that support higher screen resolutions. Both predefined and dynamic delivery methods shows good results, but since the dynamic delivery method’s scalability with multiple concurrent clients is not known, it is recommended to use predefined images.

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Warken, Nelsi. "Uma Proposta de Controle da Adaptac¸ ao Din amica ao Contexto na Computac¸ ao Ub´ıqua". Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2010. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/118.

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O objetivo central deste trabalho ´e avaliar o emprego dos conceitos e tecnologias referentes ao Processamento Sem antico e Sistemas Aut onomos na concepc¸ ao de mecanismos de controle da adaptac¸ ao ao contexto na Computac¸ ao Ub´ıqua. Na computac¸ ao ub´ıqua, os diversos sistemas computacionais interagem com o ser humano a todo o momento, n ao importando onde ele esteja, constituindo um ambiente altamente distribu´ıdo, heterog eneo, din amico, m´ovel e de composic¸ ao mut´avel. As aplicac¸ oes deste ambiente devem ser adaptativas, considerando o contexto em que est ao inseridas. Ontologias s ao especificac¸ oes formais dos conceitos de um determinado dom´ınio, possibilitando que as aplicac¸ oes sem anticas possam interpretar o significado dos dados, e estabelecer relacionamentos e infer encias entre os mesmos. A Computac¸ ao Aut onoma, por sua vez, indica que os sistemas computacionais deveriam desempenhar func¸ oes autom´aticas de configurac¸ ao, tratamento, otimizac¸ ao e protec¸ ao, substituindo tarefas complexas do usu´ario por pol´ıticas descritas em alto n´ıvel por administradores ou programadores. Considerando todos estes aspectos, a pesquisa desenvolvida nesta dissertac¸ ao de mestrado tem como eixo conceber uma proposta para controlar as adaptac¸ oes quando da tomada de decis oes, considerando o contexto, produzido por informac¸ oes monitoradas, informac¸ oes sem anticas e infer encias a partir destas mesmas informac¸ oes. A premissa ´e culminar em um mecanismo de adaptac¸ ao gen´erico, que poder´a ser utilizado tanto pelo middleware, quanto por diferentes aplicac¸ oes, em tempo de execuc¸ ao. O mecanismo proposto chama-se EXEHDADA, EXEHDA-Dynamic Adaptation, servic¸o de controle da adaptac¸ ao din amica ao contexto para o middleware EXEHDA. O EXEHDA-DA foi avaliado por dois estudos de caso, apresentando resultados satisfat´orios quanto ao atendimento das demandas de ubiquidade dos mesmos

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Wasniewski, Marine. "Apport des outils de détection de l’immunité adaptés au contexte épidémiologique pour le contrôle et la surveillance de la rage animale". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1093.

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La rage est une zoonose mortelle, susceptible d’atteindre autant les mammifères sauvages et domestiques que l’Homme. Elle est à l’origine d’environ 70 000 décès humain déclarés par an, majoritairement des enfants dans les pays en développement. Le chien, réservoir majeur de l’espèce RABV, est à l’origine de 98-99% de ces décès. Quatorze espèces de Lyssavirus, circulant majoritairement chez les chiroptères sont actuellement reconnues. La vaccination, associée à des mesures sanitaires, reste le meilleur outil de prévention et de maîtrise de la maladie. A l’heure actuelle, seule la sérologie permet de contrôler l’efficacité de la vaccination antirabique, le développement des anticorps neutralisants étant le premier témoin d’une immunité protectrice. Les travaux s’appuyant sur la séroneutralisation virale, et notamment ceux auxquels j’ai participé, ont mis en évidence l’influence de différents facteurs dont certains ont conduit à préconiser des modifications de protocoles vaccinaux. Ils ont également permis d’assurer le suivi de l’efficacité de la vaccination individuelle ou de groupe sur le terrain et de contribuer à son amélioration. Les tests de séroneutralisation sont également utilisés dans le cadre de l’épidémiosurveillance de populations animales non vaccinées. La mise en œuvre de ces tests chez les chiroptères en France, après leur adaptation au Lyssavirus d’intérêt que j’ai menée à bien, a permis d’obtenir des informations sur la circulation des espèces virales EBLV-1 et EBLV-2, sur une base uniquement sérologique pour ce dernier. D’autre part, elle a permis de mettre en évidence au sein d’une même colonie des phénomènes de transition sérologique au cours du temps, dont l’étude mériterait d’être approfondie. Les tests de séroneutralisation sont cependant difficilement transférables aux pays où la rage est très présente, du fait de ressources limitées. Mes travaux, proposant l’utilisation d’un test ELISA comme méthode alternative, ont contribué à remettre en cause le dogme du recours nécessaire à la séroneutralisation. Ce test, couplé à un système de collecte d’échantillons sanguins adapté au terrain, devrait améliorer le suivi de l’efficacité des campagnes de vaccination de la faune sauvage comme des animaux domestiques, y compris dans les pays d’enzootie où la qualité des prélèvements de sang ne peut être assurée. Ainsi, les outils d’évaluation de la réponse immunitaire humorale sont des outils très précieux au service de la lutte et de la surveillance de la rage animale dans le monde. Mes travaux, complémentaires à ceux réalisés par d’autres équipes, ont contribué à rendre envisageable l’objectif prioritaire des organisations internationales : l’éradication de la rage canine dans le monde à l’horizon 2030. Il est cependant nécessaire de les poursuivre pour améliorer les outils disponibles et d’en proposer de plus adaptés, afin d’atteindre l’ensemble des objectifs d’éradication, de la rage canine comme de la rage selvatique
Rabies is a deadly zoonosis that can affect wild and domestic mammals as much as humans. About 70,000 human deaths are reported each year, mostly in children from developing countries. Dogs, which are the major reservoir and source of the RABV species, account for 98-99% of these deaths. Currently, fourteen species of Lyssavirus, mainly circulating in chiroptera, are officially recognized. Vaccination, combined with sanitary measures, remains the best tool for preventing and controlling the disease. To date, only serology has allowed to control the effectiveness of rabies vaccination, as the production of neutralizing antibodies is the first evidence of protective immunity. Studies based on viral seroneutralisation, including my own studies, have highlighted the influence of various factors. Some of them have led to recommend modifications of vaccine protocols. They also contributed to monitor the effectiveness of individual or group vaccination field programmes and to improve these programmes. Seroneutralisation tests are also used in the context of the epidemiological surveillance of unvaccinated animal populations. I first successfully adapted these tests to lyssaviruses of interest in France. In a second step, their implementation in chiropters in France provided information on the circulation of EBLV-1 and EBLV-2 species, (only on a serological basis for the latter). This survey also allowed to highlight, within a specific colony, a phenomenon of serological transition over time, which should deserve to be studied further. However, seroneutralisation tests are difficult to be implemented in countries where rabies is very prevalent, mainly because of limited resources. My work, which recommends the use of an ELISA test as an alternative method, contributed to questioning the dogma of the necessary use of seroneutralisation tests. This test, coupled with a blood sampling system adapted to the field, should improve the monitoring of the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns for both wildlife and domestic animals, including in enzootic countries, where the quality of the blood samples cannot be guaranteed. Humoral immune response assessment tools are very valuable tools for the control and surveillance of animal rabies all around the world. My work, complementary to those carried out by other teams, has helped to make the priority objective of international organizations possible, i.e. the eradication of canine rabies in the world by 2030. However, further works are needed to improve the available tools and to propose more adapted ones, in order to achieve all the goals of eradication, for both canine and sylvatic rabies

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Rosa, Marciana Witt da. "Avalia??o da competitividade no varejo sob a ?tica do consumidor : adapta??o e replica??o no contexto paranaense". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6299.

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The consumer has been studied in the marketing literature for a long time. The offers created by companies are addressed to him. Another frequent question in academic discussion is centered on competitiveness, which occurs when a particular company can gain a competitive advantage over their competitors, commonly used to explain the difference in performance between companies. However the main approaches of competitiveness and competitive advantage are focused on the evaluation of organizational aspects, or a population of organizations. As a result, the role of the consumer as valuation agent has been little exploited in this literature. Several factors influence the competitiveness of companies, and traditional forms of measurement, based on internal indicators, industry sales volume, among others, may have difficulties in obtaining the data, its truth or even monitoring. Thus, the purpose of this study is to unite the gains of consumer behavior and marketing field of literature seeking competitiveness through scale replication and proposals for a scale to measure customer experience, an instrument that enables the evaluation the competitiveness of the retail sector using the consumer as valuation agent. For this two steps were employed: a qualitative in order to seek indicators to compose the costumer experience scale; and other quantitative, which tested indicators set. The evaluation instrument includes eight dimensions, four of them from the Espartel (2009): Memory, familiarity, usage intent and brand relationship. Three other comes in Almeida (2014): trust, value and loyalty. Finally, the customer experience dimension. To compose the study were applied surveys to 301 consumers of electronics and department stores retailers. The results of the indicators set its show in ranking format and scales subjected to statistical tests of validation and confirmation. For this, we used the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis. The results showed is adequate for levels of unidimensionality, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity.
O consumidor tem sido objeto de estudo na literatura de marketing h? bastante tempo. As ofertas criadas pelas empresas s?o endere?adas a ele. Outra quest?o frequente nos debates acad?micos est? centrada na competitividade, que ocorre quando uma determinada empresa consegue obter uma vantagem competitiva perante seus concorrentes, comumente utilizada para explicar a diferen?a de desempenho entre empresas. Entretanto as principais abordagens de competitividade e vantagem competitiva est?o centradas na avalia??o de aspectos organizacionais, ou de uma popula??o de organiza??es. Como consequ?ncia, o papel do consumidor enquanto agente de avalia??o tem sido pouco explorado por esta literatura. Diversos fatores interferem na competitividade das empresas, e as formas tradicionais de mensura??o, baseadas em indicadores internos, volume de vendas do setor, entre outras, podem apresentar dificuldades quanto ? obten??o dos dados, sua veracidade ou mesmo seu monitoramento. Dessa forma, a proposta deste estudo ? unir os ganhos vindos do campo de comportamento do consumidor e da literatura de marketing sobre competitividade buscando, atrav?s da replica??o de escala e da proposi??o de uma escala para medir experi?ncia de compras, um instrumento que possibilite a avalia??o da competitividade do setor varejista, utilizando o consumidor como agente de avalia??o. Para isso foram empregadas duas etapas: uma qualitativa, com o intuito de buscar indicadores para compor a escala de experi?ncia de consumo; e outra quantitativa, que testou o conjunto de indicadores. O instrumento de avalia??o contempla oito dimens?es, sendo quatro delas origin?rias do estudo de Espartel (2009): mem?ria, familiaridade, inten??o de uso e rela??o com a marca. Outras tr?s t?m origem em Almeida (2014): confian?a, valor e lealdade. E por fim, a dimens?o de experi?ncia de compras. Para compor o estudo foram aplicados question?rios para 301 consumidores finais de varejo de eletroeletr?nicos e de lojas de departamentos. Os resultados do conjunto de indicadores foram apresentados na forma de ranking e as escalas foram submetidas aos testes estat?sticos de valida??o e confirma??o. Para isso, foram empregadas a an?lise fatorial explorat?ria e confirmat?ria. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram n?veis adequados de unidimensionalidade, confiabilidade, validade convergente e discriminante.

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Amos, Shereen. "The development of a disruptive innovation response framework within the South African insurance context: adapt, regenerate, transcend (Art)". Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32441.

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Companies, nations, governments and multilateral organisations are each in their context recognising that 20th-century approaches to innovation and competitiveness are no longer relevant or effective – with whole industries and economies challenged by the fastmoving and disruptive forces of 21st-century technologies that enable unprecedented innovative capability. The rate and scale of change and disruption calls for innovation thinking more suited to a world highly connected and networked and rapidly redefined by global digital architecture and alternative forms of value exchange, value creation and capture enabled through networks, platforms, and innovation ecosystems. For a mature industry to navigate potential disruption on this scale and possibly direct disruptive innovation of its own, will require a dramatic departure from innovation and business as usual. Christensen (1997) posits that disruptive innovation is the only way for incumbents to maintain market leadership and secure future growth. So how should mature firms respond to disruption, and which strategies are effective to become disruptive too? I undertake a grounded theory study into how specifically, the insurance industry (life and health), navigates disruptive influence and plans to become disruptive too. My analysis of the literature and the research findings has led to the development of an Adapt, Regenerate, Transcend response strategy framework, the ART framework, which describes these three broad response strategies and a further set of sub-strategies, that answer the question of how firms respond to disruptive influence and become disruptive too. The ART framework is my contribution to the work on disruptive innovation response strategies. The framework shows how incumbents can apply one or more of these three broad strategies to suit their objectives. The adapt response strategy, a short-term, defensive or opportunistic strategy, aims to extend lifecycles and fend off disruptive challenges. The regenerate response strategy is an expansive, increasingly inclusive, and transformative hybrid strategy that seeks to extend lifecycles and pursue new growth opportunities that might transform the core business over time to become disruptive too. The transcend response strategy is an original and disruptive strategy where the lead firm partners to reframe and reinvent an industry through a collectively directed value proposition that creates an entirely new playing field. Using the ART framework, I also show how disruptive innovation is an inclusive innovation strategy and how the framework applies to and is of use in the context of inclusive and sustainable innovation. In doing so, a new meta-innovation concept of generative innovation emerges, which the framework begins to describe broadly and which I propose as an area of future research.

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29

Ben, Slimen Mohamed Nedim. "Recherche de procédures de caractérisation de l’environnement électromagnétique ferroviaire adaptées au contexte des systèmes de communications embarqués". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10137/document.

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L’intégration récente des systèmes de communication numériques embarqués à bord des trains pour la gestion du trafic introduit de nouveaux problèmes de compatibilité électromagnétique dans le milieu ferroviaire, notamment, pour le système GSM-R « Global System for Mobile Communications - Railway» sur lequel se focalisent les travaux de la thèse. Ce système est un système numérique élaboré employant des protocoles de communication qui lui permettent de résister à certaines perturbations électromagnétiques. Ainsi, son immunité électromagnétique ne peut pas être étudiée selon les méthodes traditionnelles standardisées, puisqu’elles sont adaptées principalement à des systèmes analogiques. La thèse consiste à caractériser l’environnement EM ferroviaire d’une manière adaptée au contexte du système GSM-R. En effet, il faut préalablement connaitre les perturbations EM qu’il peut rencontrer à bord d’un train. Ainsi, nous avons exploité les méthodes fréquentielle et temporelle pour caractériser les perturbations EM que peut subir son signal utile sous des conditions normales d’opération. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les perturbations EM transitoires qui apparaissent lors d’un mauvais contact entre la caténaire et le pantographe sont la source principale de perturbations EM pour le système GSM-R. Ainsi, nous avons étudié minutieusement leurs caractéristiques temporelles et d’amplitude à travers une étude statistique de chaque paramètre. Suite aux résultats obtenus, nous avons pu générer des signaux de test représentatifs de ce que peut voir le système GSM-R à bord d’un train avant d’exploiter ces signaux pour l’étude de l’immunité EM de ce système en laboratoire
The management of the European railway traffic will be ensured by the use of train’s embedded communication systems, particularly the GSM-R (Global System for Mobile communications – Railways). This system is exposed to the EM interferences observed on board trains and its EM immunity has to be guaranteed. However, the immunity the GSM-R cannot be studied according to the current standardized methods mainly developed for the test of analog systems. The GSM-R is a digital communication system having the ability to stand to some EM interferences, and its immunity has to be performed according to new methodologies considering these particular characteristics.The aim of this work is to develop new methodologies to characterize the railway EM environment adapted to the context of the GSM-R communication system. Firstly, the frequency and temporal measurement methods have been used in order to characterize the EM interferences observed on the GSM-R antennas in railway environment. The obtained results have shown that the transient EM events taking place between the catenary and the pantograph are the main source of disturbances for the GSM-R system. In order to study the immunity of this system against transient EM disturbances, in the second part, we have characterized these transients in terms of time and amplitude parameters. In the following, a statistical study of each parameter has been performed, and we have developed signals for immunity tests statistically similar to the observed railway environment’s interferences. At the end, the test signals have been used in order to study the immunity of the GSM-R system in a laboratory context

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30

Esposti, R. P. "Antagonists’ alternation during voluntary oscillations of the extremities adapts to the mechanical context. Experimental evidences and a neural control model". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/45293.

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Many common life gestures require the ability to combine voluntary movements of different limb segments into a variety of co-ordinated patterns. When two limb segments are moved together, non-mechanical constraints act to facilitate certain associations and to hinder, or even impede others. The effect of such constraints is especially manifest when coupling isorhythmic oscillations. For example, it is quite simple to couple flexion of the hand prone with plantarflexion of the foot, while it is apparently more difficult to couple hand extension with foot plantarflexion. A similar behaviour is also shown by many other associations of limb segments. When studying coupled oscillations of the ipsilateral hand and foot, Baldissera et al. (1991, 2000; Baldissera and Cavallari 2001) measured the inter-limb phase-relations, both between hand and foot movements and, respectively, between EMG onset in Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR) and Tibialis Anterior (TA). Moreover, they described the phase-relation intrinsic to each of the two extremities, expressed as the frequency-dependent (phase) delay between the onset of EMG activity and the onset of the related movement. In the hand, such relation could be well fitted by a pendulum model, while this was not possible for the foot oscillations, since at low-frequency (<1.5 Hz) onset of TA EMG paradoxically phase-lagged the onset of dorsiflexion, suggesting that the initial part of the movement was sustained by the recoil of elastic structures that were stretched during plantarflexion. Since the recoil should return the moving segment to its equilibrium position, i.e. that position in which the limb rests when muscles are fully relaxed, it may be argued that TA contraction was only needed to move the foot away from the equilibrium. As a consequence, the phase lag should disappear if the EMG onset were referred to the foot passive equilibrium position rather than to the movement onset. This hypothesis was tested in 10 subjects who voluntarily oscillated their right foot at various frequencies (0.2 to 3Hz) over 3 angular ranges: a central-range (foot crossing the equilibrium symmetrically), a high-range (whole excursion above equilibrium) and a low-range (whole excursion below equilibrium). In the central-range, phase-relations were measured between the crossing of equilibrium position and the onset of the TA EMG during dorsiflexion or the onset of Soleus (Sol) EMG during plantarflexion. In both cases, the phase-curves started around zero, without showing any paradoxical lag of EMG on movement. Phase-curves with similar features were also obtained in the high- and low-ranges (no crossing of equilibrium) by correlating the onset of the EMG burst to the onset of the related movement. The patterns of muscle activation recorded in all these conditions may be conceived as the result of one single motor output, which is split and distributed to the antagonists as soon as the segment crosses its equilibrium position. However, the passive equilibrium position may vary following the application of external loads or changes in limb orientation. In the hand, for instance, the equilibrium is reached in one single position when the hand is prone (flexion-extension vertical) but it covers an angular range when the hand is semi-prone, i.e., midway between prone and supine (flexion-extension horizontal). The analysis performed on foot oscillations was thus extended to the hand to determine how antagonists’ alternation is regulated in the presence of an equilibrium range. Activity distribution between ECR and Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) during rhythmic flexion-extension of the hand was analysed in three different mechanical conditions (5 subjects). In the first condition (hand prone, flexion-extension in a vertical parasagittal plane) the hand passive equilibrium position was ~50° in flexion. During hand oscillations FCR and ECR were alternatively recruited to move the hand symmetrically away from the equilibrium and de-recruited to allow conservative forces to restore the equilibrium. Switching between antagonists occurred at the centre of the oscillation (equilibrium crossing), just like it happened for the foot. In the second condition (hand semi-prone, flexion-extension in a horizontal transversal plane) the hand equilibrium was attained over an angle of about 26°. When the hand was oscillated symmetrically around this equilibrium range, each muscle was recruited when the hand entered the equilibrium range, i.e. in advance of the oscillation centre. Both vertical and horizontal oscillations were also performed all externally to the equilibrium position or range: in these cases only one muscle was recruited over the entire cycle, the EMG burst starting at the onset of the related movement. In the third condition (same orientation as condition 2) the application of a frictional load expanded the equilibrium range to encompass the entire hand oscillation. Now concentric muscle contraction was needed throughout each phase of the movement and switching between antagonists occurred at the movement reversal, i.e. ~90° in advance of the oscillation centre. Altogether, these findings show that during both hand and foot oscillations contractile force starts developing when an intrinsic or external resistance has to be overcome in order to continue the movement. This behaviour indicates that the nervous system monitors the mechanical characteristics of the moving limb and consequently adapts to them the pattern of antagonists’ activation. To account for such a control, a neural network is proposed that compares the afferent information about joint position with a position central command, thus detecting the position error caused by the forces that resist to movement. From the sign and amplitude of the error signal, the network determines the direction (agonist vs antagonist) and the amount of motor activation required. The control capability of the network was tested by connecting it to a realistic model of the limb, which accounted for the mechanical properties of the segment and, when present, of the load. When simulating each of the mechanical conditions in which the hand or the foot were oscillated, the proposed neural network reproduced the patterns of antagonists’ alternation observed in the real experiments.

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31

Kamega, Aymric. "Outils théoriques et opérationnels adaptés au contexte de l'assurance vie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone - Analyse et mesure des risques liés à la mortalité". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654549.

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Dans un marché de l'assurance vie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone à la traîne, mais promis à un bel avenir en cas d'émergence de solutions techniques et commerciales endogènes, la thèse propose des outils théoriques et opérationnels adaptés à son développement. Cette démarche s'inscrit en parallèle des actions entreprises par l'autorité de contrôle régionale (la CIMA) pour fournir aux assureurs de la région des outils adaptés. En effet, la CIMA a initié des travaux pour la construction de nouvelles tables réglementaires d'expérience, ce qui a permis de fournir des références fiables et pertinentes pour la mortalité de la population assurée dans la région. Toutefois, certaines problématiques techniques utiles n'ont pas été développées dans ces travaux de construction. La thèse leur accorde alors une attention particulière. Ainsi, d'une part, la thèse permet de fournir des outils pour tenir compte des différences de mortalité entre pays de la région, tout en limitant les risques systématiques liés aux fluctuations d'échantillonnage (dues à la petite taille des échantillons de données par pays). Il apparaît notamment que si la modélisation indépendante de chaque pays n'est pas appropriée, les modèles d'hétérogénéité à facteurs observables, tels que le modèle de Cox ou de Lin et Ying, permettent d'atteindre cet objectif. On précise toutefois ici que ces modèles d'hétérogénéité ne permettent pas de supprimer le risque systématique lié aux fluctuations d'échantillonnage lors de l'estimation du modèle, ils engendrent seulement une réduction de ce risque en contrepartie d'une augmentation du risque systématique lié au choix du modèle. D'autre part, la thèse permet également de fournir des outils pour modéliser la mortalité d'expérience future dans la région. En absence de données sur les tendances passées de la mortalité d'expérience, ni le modèle classique de Lee-Carter ni ses extensions ne sont applicables. Une solution basée sur un ajustement paramétrique, une hypothèse sur la forme de l'évolution du niveau de mortalité (évolution linaire ou exponentielle) et un avis d'expert sur l'espérance de vie générationnelle à un âge donné est alors proposée (ces travaux s'appuient sur le modèle de Bongaarts). Ensuite, dans un second temps, en supposant disposer de données sur les tendances passées (ce qui pour mémoire n'est pas le cas à ce stade dans la région, mais devrait l'être dans les prochaines années), la thèse propose une modélisation de la mortalité future à partir d'une référence de mortalité externe et une analyse des risques systématiques associés (risques liés aux fluctuations d'échantillonnage et au choix de la référence de mortalité).

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32

Sieverding, Marc Jens. "Reliability and validity of the cross-culturally adapted German Oxford hip score /". Bern : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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33

Carron, Alexandre. "Parcours scolaire des élèves de Section d’Enseignement Général et Professionnel Adapté à l’île de La Réunion : analyse et processus". Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0001/document.

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Basée sur une approche sociologique, cette recherche a pour objet l'analyse et la compréhension du parcours scolaire des élèves de Section d'Enseignement Général et Professionnel Adapté (SEGPA) à l'île de La Réunion. Nous nous sommes principalement intéressé aux élèves en fin de scolarité dans douze SEGPA. Notre approche en termes de processus nous permet de montrer que l'histoire et le parcours scolaires des élèves rencontrés ne se réduisent pas à une aventure individuelle, mais sont le résultat d'un processus global construit dont les dynamiques sont à chercher dans la combinaison et l'interaction complexes d'un grand nombre d'éléments, de phénomènes, d'événements. Ainsi, même s'il apparaît que le fonctionnement institutionnel de l'orientation influence fortement les destins scolaires, il ressort de cette recherche que ce qui rend possibles le parcours scolaire et les sorties sans qualification des élèves de SEGPA, n'est pas réductible aux seules caractéristiques personnelles des élèves, ni à celles de leur cadre familial de socialisation, et encore moins à ce qui se joue dans l'espace scolaire ; nous y voyons plutôt le produit d'un processus global dont les dynamiques interdépendantes se conjuguent, s'imbriquent, se cumulent et s'influencent
Through a sociological approach, this research intends to analyse and better understand the school career of SEGPA students in Reunion Island. Our study mainly focuses on students about to leaving school in 12 different SEGPA. This approach, in terms of process, demonstrates that the personal history and the school career of the students we met cannot be reduced to an individual adventure, but are the result of a comprehensive process whose dynamics are to be found in the combination and interactions of a variety of elements, phenomena and events. Even though the institutional functioning of school guidance influence school destiny, this research shows that school career and the failure of students leaving SEGPA without any qualification are not reducible to the student's personal characteristics or social family context, but is due to a comprehensive process whose interrelated dynamics combine, interact, cumulate and influence each other

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34

Guerra, Fuentes Daniela Alejandra. "Agrupación de viviendas en el borde del distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz: sistema arquitectónico que se adapte a las tramas del contexto". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2490.

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En la actualidad lo que se busca, es el planteamiento urbano de las ciudades que a lo largo de su historia se vean bien planeadas y organizadas, con el objetivo de aprovechar al máximo los instrumentos de planeación para el ordenamiento territorial. Sin embargo, no existe una única estructura de orden que se adapte al contexto. En el fenómeno de la expansión urbana, de un modo, se origina un trazo interrumpido con una dispersión espacial de las actuaciones, dando lugar a una serie de espacios intermedios que han fragmentado el espacio periurbano y que han propiciado una separación a de los límites de la ciudad. El presente artículo parte del estudio de la zona del borde del Distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz a través de la observación para detectar sistemas arquitectónicos que hay en la zona. Para ello, se emplea una serie de fichas en base la observación, para la identificación de la morfología de cada vacío urbano, la definición acerca de que tipos de sistemas que se encontró y sobre las relaciones o vínculos del poblador de la zona. Por consiguiente, logramos identificar dos sistemas; la urbana y la agrícola por lo que contribuye para la realización de ciudad con una planificación urbana que responda al contexto.
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35

Silva, Cláudio Silvério da. "A educação física adaptada no contexto da formação profissional : implicações curriculares para os cursos de educação física /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96048.

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Orientador: Alexandre Janotta Drigo
Banca: Marli Nabeiro
Banca: Glauco Nunes Souto Ramos
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo averiguar como a disciplina curricular Educação Física Adaptada ou similar tem se apresentado nos cursos de licenciatura e graduação/bacharelado em Educação Física e Esporte nas três Universidades públicas estaduais do estado de São Paulo, e se faz interação com as outras disciplinas do currículo. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e utilizou como técnicas de coleta de dados o levantamento de fonte documental via internet através de consulta ao portal do Ministério da Educação (MEC): no link: http://emec.mec.gov.br/ e a entrevista do tipo semi estruturada. Os documentos coletados foram: grades curriculares e conteúdos programáticos da disciplina. Nas análises dos documentos disponibilizados tanto das Instituições públicas como das privadas constatamos que, quanto à nomenclatura, a disciplina tem se apresentado com nomenclaturas semelhantes em algumas IES privadas, e de forma distinta em IES privadas e públicas dentro da proposta licenciatura e graduação/bacharelado em Educação Física e esporte. Em relação às análises das entrevistas com os professores, foi possível analisar a caracterização da disciplina com uma nomenclatura que a identifica e uma falta de consenso quanto aos conteúdos ministrados e relatos mais consensuais quanto às estratégias de ensino, com ênfase na extensão universitária. Na questão do currículo se verificou que há uma ausência de interação entre a disciplina e as demais. Quanto à formação, intervenção e preparação para o mercado de trabalho os participantes apresentaram uma preocupação com a necessidade de se preparar o aluno com perfis diversificados. Dentro deste contexto, consideramos que há a necessidade de pensar na absorção do conteúdo prático nos estágios supervisionados, em cursos de formação de pós graduação e cursos semelhantes à residência médica ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to find out how the Adapted Physical Education curriculum subject or similar has appeared in undergraduate and graduate / undergraduate degree in Physical Education and Sport in the three public state universities of São Paulo, and makes interaction with other disciplines the curriculum. The research is of qualitative character and used as techniques to collect the survey data source document via the Internet by consulting the website of the Ministry of Education (MEC): the link: http://emec.mec.gov.br/ and semi structured interview. The documents were collected: curricula and syllabus of the course. In the analysis of documents provided much of the public and private institutions found that, as the nomenclature, the discipline has performed with similar classifications in some private institutions, and differently in public and private institutions within the proposed undergraduate and graduate / undergraduate degree in Physical Education and Sport. Regarding the analysis of interviews with teachers, we could analyze the characterization of the discipline with a nomenclature that identifies and a lack of consensus on the content taught and the mainstream reports about the strategies of education, with emphasis on the university extension. In the matter of the curriculum was found that there is a lack of interaction between the discipline and others. As for training, intervention and preparation for the labor market participants had a concern with the need to prepare students with diverse profiles. Within this context, we consider that there is a need to think of practical content in the absorption of supervised training, training courses and graduate courses similar to medical residency. We found that the discipline does not interact with other disciplines because of the settings in the existing curriculum of physical education courses in Brazil mosaic-like, and what ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Almeida, Andr? Gustavo Duarte de. "AdaptMCloud: uma estrat?gia para adapta??o din?mica de aplica??es Multi-Cloud". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20673.

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Aplica??es Multi-Cloud s?o compostas de servi?os oferecidos por m?ltiplas plataformas de nuvem, onde o usu?rio/desenvolvedor tem pleno conhecimento da utiliza??o dessas plataformas. O uso de m?ltiplas plataformas de nuvem evita os seguintes problemas: (i) vendor lock-in, que consiste na depend?ncia da aplica??o de uma determinada plataforma de nuvem, o que ? prejudicial no caso de degrada??o ou falha nos servi?os da plataforma, ou at? mesmo aumento do pre?o do uso do servi?o; (ii) degrada??o ou falha da aplica??o devido a flutua??es da qualidade de servi?o (QoS) provida por alguma plataforma de nuvem, ou mesmo devido a falha em algum servi?o. No cen?rio multi-cloud ? poss?vel se trocar um servi?o em falha ou com problemas de QoS por um equivalente de outra plataforma de nuvem. Para que uma aplica??o consiga adotar a perspectiva multi-cloud ? necess?rio criar mecanismos que sejam capazes de selecionar quais servi?os de nuvem/plataformas devem ser usados, de acordo com os requisitos determinados pelo programador/usu?rio. Nesse contexto, as maiores dificuldades em termos de desenvolvimento de tais aplica??es abrangem quest?es como: (i) a escolha de quais servi?os e de plataformas de computa??o em nuvem subjacentes devem ser usadas com base nos requisitos definidos de funcionalidade e de qualidade pelo usu?rio, (ii) a necessidade de monitorar continuamente as informa??es din?micas (tais como tempo de resposta, disponibilidade, pre?o, disponibilidade), relacionadas com servi?os de nuvem, al?m da variedade ampla de servi?os, e (iii) a necessidade de se adaptar a aplica??o no caso de viola??es de QoS que afetam os seus requisitos. Essa tese de doutorado prop?e uma abordagem para adapta??o din?mica de aplica??es multi-cloud que se aplica quando um servi?o fica indispon?vel ou quando os requisitos definidos pelo usu?rio/desenvolvedor apontam que outra configura??o multicloud dispon?vel atende de forma mais eficiente. Dessa forma, esse trabalho prop?e uma estrat?gia composta por duas fases. A primeira fase consiste na modelagem da aplica??o, que explora a capacidade de representa??o de similaridades e variabilidades propostas no contexto do paradigma de linhas de produto de software (LPS). Nessa fase ? usado um modelo de features estendido para especificar a configura??o de servi?os de nuvens a ser usado pela aplica??o (similaridades) e os diferentes poss?veis provedores para cada servi?o (variabilidades). Al?m disso, os requisitos n?o-funcionais associados aos servi?os de nuvem s?o especificados nesse modelo atrav?s de propriedades que descrevem informa??es din?micas sobre esses servi?os. A segunda fase consiste em um processo auton?mico baseado no loop de controle MAPE-K, que ? respons?vel por selecionar, de forma otimizada, uma configura??o multi-cloud que atenda aos requisitos estabelecidos, e que execute a adapta??o. A estrat?gia de adapta??o proposta ? independente da t?cnica de programa??o usada para realizar a adapta??o. Nesse trabalho implementamos a estrat?gia de adapta??o usando v?rias t?cnicas de programa??o como programa??o orientada a aspectos, programa??o orientada a contexto e programa??o orientada a componentes e servi?os. Com base nas etapas propostas, procuramos avaliar os seguintes itens: (i) se o processo de modelagem e especifica??o de requisitos n?o-funcionais ? capaz de garantir o efetivo acompanhamento da satisfa??o do usu?rio; (ii) se o processo otimizado de sele??o apresenta ganhos significativos quando comparado com abordagem sequencial; e (iii) quais t?cnicas apresentam a melhor rela??o custo-benef?cio, quando comparado os esfor?os para desenvolvimento/modularidade e desempenho.
Multi-Cloud Applications are composed of services offered by multiple cloud platforms where the user/developer has full knowledge of the use of such platforms. The use of multiple cloud platforms avoids the following problems: (i) vendor lock-in, which is dependency on the application of a certain cloud platform, which is prejudicial in the case of degradation or failure of platform services, or even price increasing on service usage; (ii) degradation or failure of the application due to fluctuations in quality of service (QoS) provided by some cloud platform, or even due to a failure of any service. In multi-cloud scenario is possible to change a service in failure or with QoS problems for an equivalent of another cloud platform. So that an application can adopt the perspective multi-cloud is necessary to create mechanisms that are able to select which cloud services/platforms should be used in accordance with the requirements determined by the programmer/user. In this context, the major challenges in terms of development of such applications include questions such as: (i) the choice of which underlying services and cloud computing platforms should be used based on the defined user requirements in terms of functionality and quality (ii) the need to continually monitor the dynamic information (such as response time, availability, price, availability), related to cloud services, in addition to the wide variety of services, and (iii) the need to adapt the application if QoS violations affect user defined requirements. This PhD thesis proposes an approach for dynamic adaptation of multi-cloud applications to be applied when a service is unavailable or when the requirements set by the user/developer point out that other available multi-cloud configuration meets more efficiently. Thus, this work proposes a strategy composed of two phases. The first phase consists of the application modeling, exploring the similarities representation capacity and variability proposals in the context of the paradigm of Software Product Lines (SPL). In this phase it is used an extended feature model to specify the cloud service configuration to be used by the application (similarities) and the different possible providers for each service (variability). Furthermore, the non-functional requirements associated with cloud services are specified by properties in this model by describing dynamic information about these services. The second phase consists of an autonomic process based on MAPE-K control loop, which is responsible for selecting, optimally, a multicloud configuration that meets the established requirements, and perform the adaptation. The adaptation strategy proposed is independent of the used programming technique for performing the adaptation. In this work we implement the adaptation strategy using various programming techniques such as aspect-oriented programming, context-oriented programming and components and services oriented programming. Based on the proposed steps, we tried to assess the following: (i) the process of modeling and the specification of non-functional requirements can ensure effective monitoring of user satisfaction; (ii) if the optimal selection process presents significant gains compared to sequential approach; and (iii) which techniques have the best trade-off when compared efforts to development/modularity and performance.

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THUNSTRÖM, DENISE. "How to adapt and implementInternet of Things : A case study of how Tieto is working with IOT in the context of digitalization". Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199081.

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As if today’s society, globalization, digitalization and labor mobility is daily increasing, and individuals are, in one way or another, constantly surrounded by Internet. Technical change, in general, is one of the fundamental engines of economic growth and structural transformation in modern societies. Internet has long been seen as the most disruptive technology of our time, but now new technologies are entering the market, including the concept around Internet of Things (IOT). New dynamics is being put on the market, and companies are forced to re-think their way of working with innovation. The market for IOT is developing, rapidly, which creates a huge pressure on companies to maintain innovative and relevant in the market. Companies are willing to invest, but due to challenges and questions marks, they end up doing nothing. The overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate how IT consulting companies can implement and apply the concept of Internet of Things (IOT), and what type of challenges they were facing. In order to achieve this purpose, this study was empirically grounded in a case study at the Finnish-Swedish IT Consultancy Company, Tieto, at division Telecom and Media located in Stockholm, Sweden. The division is partly responsible the internal research on the topic of IOT, and has as a goal of increasing profitability regarding the use of this disruptive technology. The results indicate that Tieto, as well as other companies, are investigating in the ecosystems of IOT. Companies are also starting to realize the use of partnerships, and that they might be required to join under one, if they want to provide an end-to-end IOT solution. However, the results also indicate that there are several challenges in the progress when adapting and implementing IOT. Some of these challenges were found to be: maturity in the market is slowing down the process; complexities in the partnerships; complexities in the IOT service; the demand of forming new operational models; and the realization of that one cannot be everywhere. Nevertheless, the IOT solutions generate enormous complexitivities, both in the technical aspects and the partner related aspect. The findings of this study have implication on that even though the market is facing many challenges, the future for IOT is looking promising, and IOT is predicted to contribute with tremendous growth within all industry segments.
I dagen samhälle, sker ökning inom globalisering, digitaliseringen och rörlighet i det dagliga arbetet. Individer är, på ett eller annat sätt, ständigt omgivna av Internet. Teknisk förändring, i allmänhet, är en av de grundläggande drivkrafterna för ekonomisk tillväxt och strukturomvandling i det moderna samhället. Internet har länge setts som den mest revolutionerande teknik i vår tid, men nu etablerar sig nya tekniker på marknaden, bland annat konceptet kring Sakernas Internet. Ny dynamik läggs ut på marknaden, och företagen tvingas ompröva sitt sätt att arbeta med innovation. Marknaden för Sakernas Internet utvecklas snabbt, vilket skapar en enorm press på företag bibehålla innovation, för relevans på marknaden. Företag vill investera, men på grund av aspekter och frågetecken, slutar med att de gör ingenting. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur IT-konsultbolag anpassade och tillämpade sig till konceptet kring Sakernas Internet (IOT), och vilken typ av utmaningar de stod inför. För att uppnå detta syfte, var denna studie empiriskt grundad på i en fallstudie vid den finsk-svenska IT-konsultföretaget Tieto, vid division Telecom och Media i Stockholm, Sverige. Divisionen är delvis ansvariga interna forskning i ämnet av IOT, och har som mål att öka lönsamheten när det gäller användningen av denna revolutionerande teknik. Resultaten tyder på att Tieto, liksom andra företag, undersöker i ekosystemen kring i IOT. Företagen börjar också inse användningen av partnerskap, och att de skulle kunna verkställas för att det ska kunna erbjuda en end-to-end IOT tjänst. Men resultatet tyder också på att det finns flera utmaningar i utvecklingen när anpassning och genomförande av IOT. Några av dessa utmaningar befanns vara: mognad på marknaden saktar ner processen; komplexiteten i partnerskap; komplexiteten i IOT lösningar; efterfrågan att bilda nya organisationsmodeller; och förverkligandet av att man inte kan vara överallt. Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att IOT lösningar genererar enorma komplexitiviteter, både i de tekniska aspekterna samt i dem partner relaterade aspekterna. Resultaten från denna studie har återverkningar på att även om marknaden står inför många utmaningar, så ser framtiden för IOT ser lovande ut, och IOT förväntas bidra med en enorm tillväxt inom alla industrisegment

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Olsson, Viktor. "A search-based approach for procedurally generating player adapted enemies in real-time". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20847.

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An Evolutionary Algorithm was run in real-time for the procedural generation ofenemies in a third-person, wave based hack and slash and shoot 'em up game. Thealgorithm evaluates enemies as individuals based on their effectiveness at battlingthe player character. Every generation is presented as a new wave of enemieswhose properties have been adjusted according to the fitness of the last wave. Byconstantly making new enemies more adept at the task of the defeating the currentplayer, I attempt to automatically and naturally raise the difficulty as the gameprogresses. The goal is also to improve player satisfaction as a result. By analyzingthe response from players and observing the changes of the generated enemies, Idetermine whether or not this is an appropriate implementation of EvolutionaryAlgorithms. Results showed that the success of the algorithm varied substantiallybetween tests, giving a number of both failed and successful tests. I go throughsome of the individual data and draw conclusions on what specific conditions makesthe algorithm perform desirably.

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Monteleone, Andrea Giulia. "User-adapted content: l’elefante nella stanza del diritto d’autore dell’Unione europea?" Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/204154.

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Marrone, Thierry. "Effets du contexte interactionnel de co-résolution de problèmes sur la dynamique conversationnelle et sur les constructions cognitives subséquentes chez des adolescents scolarisés en SEGPA". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3036.

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Notre thèse vise à étudier expérimentalement les effets de différents types de situations conversationnelles de co-résolution de problèmes sur les activités cognitives d'élèves de S.E.G.P.A. en grande difficulté scolaire (Section Enseignement Général Professionnel Adapté). Elle s'inscrit dans une approche socio-constructiviste du fonctionnement et du développement du système cognitif et prend appui sur la thèse vygotskienne postulant l'origine sociale des processus mentaux supérieurs et sur les travaux s'en réclamant, attestant que les interactions et les significations de la tâche et/ou du contexte favorisent le fonctionnement et le développement des activités mentales supérieures. Trois expérimentations ont été réalisées, mettant les participants dans des situations de résolution de problèmes selon plusieurs types de contextes interactifs : face à face, au téléphone, en vidéoconférence, via une messagerie instantanée (MSN), et en individuel. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'intérêt du travail en dyade et font apparaître des différences quant aux performances, au temps de résolution, au nombre et la nature des actes de communication lors de la co-résolution. L'analyse des échanges au moyen de l'analyse interlocutoire valide la thèse selon laquelle les deux fonctions (communicative et significative) des médiations sémiotiques s'accomplissent en même temps lors des transactions conversationnelles pour construire l'intersubjectivité, et sont appropriées par les partenaires pour (ré)organiser les systèmes cognitifs individuels
Our thesis aims at study experimentally the effects of various types of conversational situations of co-resolution of problems on cognitive activities upon teenagers attending the “college” and in great school difficulty. It falls under a socio-constructivist approach of functioning and development of the cognitive system, and takes support on the vygotskian thesis postulating a social origin of higher mental processes and on researches supporting it, stating that the interactions and the significance of the task and/or the context can promote the functioning and development of higher mental activities. Three experiments were organized. Participants had to solve problems according to several types of interactive contexts: face to face, on the telephone, in videoconferencing, via instant messaging (MSN), and individually. The results highlight the interest of working in dyad and reveal differences as for the performance, the time of resolution of the task, the number and the nature of communication acts carried out during the co-resolution. The interlocutory analysis of the exchanges validates the thesis that the two functions (communicative and significant) of the semiotic mediations are achieved simultaneously within transactions to build the intersubjectivity, and are appropriate by partners to (re)organize their own cognitive system. The differences observed can also allow to give some guidelines of work on the development of devices of teaching and learning with “college” students with learning difficulties or not

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Nascimento, Ohana Cunha do. "Adapta??o transcultural e valida??o de conte?do do question?rio ?Parcours Amoureux des Jeunes - PAJ? - Montr?al/ Canad? - para o contexto do Brasil". Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/148.

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Introduction: the PAJ inventory study the path of young love, from the perspective of analyzing the relationship between violent events and relationships with family, friends and lovers. This th?me has mobilized researchers in different social contexts, regions and countries, considering the violence`s impact. Researchers in this area requires the use of validated instruments, with multidimensional approach, regardless of source context, based on the experience of literature. Objective: submit the inventory PAJ "Parcour Amoreux des Jeunes" to the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of content. Methodology: protocol steps recommended were the ones that follow: (1) translation and back-translation - translation and back-translation - the translation was attended by two Brazilian researchers , skilled in French , and later , two young native Canadian researchers fluent in Portuguese, ending Pilot II version . (2) Analisys by the Expert Committee - ten professionals from different backgrounds participated (researchers in validation , adolescence and violence) , who analyzed individually , the clarity and equivalence for each question according to the characteristics of clarity (1) It is not clear , (2) It is a little unclear , (3) almost everything is clear , (4) it is clear and I have no doubt , and equivalence : (1) not equivalent , (2) Partially equivalent; " (3) equivalent . After analysis , the percentages of clarity and equivalence and Content Validity Index / general question for IVC were calculated, obtaining Pilot III version , (3) Pre -test - Pilot III was assessed by a sample of 36 young people , 14-24 years old, both genders , with the same characteristics as the target of the later stages (psychometric analysis and application to the target population) population. In the pre -test interpretive questions were analyzed , in order to obtain cultural, conceptual, semantic and idiomatic equivalence, improving, thus, the instrument comprehension. After analysis of experts and young people , proportions relative to clarity and equivalence and Content Validity Index ( CVI ) were calculated , considering as appropriate issues with grades 3 and 4 for clarity, with value above 0.78 , according literature recommendations. Results: in general, the inventory PAJ had adequate content validity (0.97), considering the recommended limit value for adequacy (0.78). All sections of the instrument showed good performance (adequacy to clarity and equivalence), except the first section (general information, sociodemographic questions the cultural context of young parents' ethnicity, education, language spoken, among others) whose items and issues experienced cross-cultural adaptation and adjustment to match the Brazilian reality. Conclusions: PAJ showed suitable validity of content. The stages of cultural adaptation, and validation of content of instrument becomes appropriate for the procedures that follow - steps of reliability assessment (psychometrics) and applicability to the youth population in the brazilian context.
Introdu??o: o invent?rio PAJ busca estudar o percurso amoroso de jovens, na perspectiva de analisar a rela??o entre os eventos violentos e relacionamentos com familiares, amigos e amores. Esse tema tem mobilizado estudiosos, nos distintos contextos sociais, regi?es e pa?ses, considerando o impacto da viol?ncia Pesquisar nesta ?rea requer a utiliza??o de instrumentos validados, com abordagem multidimensional, independente do contexto de origem, tendo como base a experi?ncia da literatura. Objetivo: submeter o invent?rio PAJ ?Parcours Amourex des Jeunes?, ? adapta??o transcultural e ? valida??o de conte?do, para utiliza??o em contexto nacional. Metodologia: foram obedecidas etapas protocolares recomendadas: : (1) Tradu??o e Retrotradu??o ? para tradu??o participaram dois pesquisadores brasileiros, habilitados na lingua francesa, obtendo duas vers?es em protugu?s; na retradu??o, dois novos pesquisadores nativos do Canad? com flu?ncia no portugu?s, finalizando vers?o Piloto II. (2) An?lise por Comit? de Especialistas ? participaram dez profissionais de diferentes forma??es, pesquisadores nas ?reas de (valida??o, adolesc?ncia e viol?ncia), os quais analisaram, individualmente, o grau de clareza e de equival?ncia para cada quest?o, segundo as caracter?sticas de clareza (1) N?o est? claro; (2) Est? um pouco claro; (3) Est? quase tudo claro; (4) Est? claro e n?o tenho d?vidas; e de equival?ncia: (1) N?o equivalente; (2) Pouco equivalente; ?(3) Equivalente. Ap?s an?lise, foram calculadas as porcentagens de clareza e de equival?ncia e o Indice de Validade de Conte?do/IVC geral por quest?o, obtendo-se vers?o Piloto III; (3) Pr?-teste ? o Piloto III foi avaliado por uma amostra de 36 jovens, de 14 a 24 anos, ambos os sexos, com as mesmas caracter?sticas da popula??o alvo das etapas posteriores (an?lise psicom?trica e aplicabilidade na popula??o alvo). No pr?-teste foram analisadas quest?es de ordem interpretativa, visando obter equival?ncias cultural, conceitual, sem?ntica, idiom?tica, na perspectiva de aprimorar a compreens?o do instrumento. Ap?s an?lise dos especialistas e dos jovens, foram calculadas propor??es relativas ao grau de clareza e equival?ncia e o ?ndice de Validade de Conte?do (IVC), considerando como adequadas quest?es com graus 3 e 4, para clareza, com valor acima de 0,78, segundo recomenda??es da literatura. Resultados: de maneira geral, o invent?rio PAJ apresentou adequada validade de conte?do (0,97), considerando o valor limite para adequa??o recomendado (0,78).Todas as se??es do instrumento apresentaram bom desempenho (adequa??o para clareza e equival?ncia), exceto a primeira se??o (informa??es gerais, quest?es sociodemogr?ficas do contexto cultural do jovem, etnia dos pais, escolaridade, l?ngua mais falada, entre outros aspectos) cujos itens e quest?es sofreram a adapta??o transcultural e adequa??o para corresponder ? realidade brasileira. Conclus?es: o PAJ mostrou adequada validade de conte?do. Os est?gios de adapta??o cultural e valida??o de conte?do torna o instrumento apropriado para os procedimentos que se seguem - medidas de avalia??o da confiabilidade (psicometria) e aplicabilidade para a popula??o jovem no contexto brasileiro.

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Carvalho, Isis Cristiane Bezerra de Melo. "Adapta??o e valida??o da lista de verifica??o do parto seguro da Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de (OMS) para o contexto brasileiro". PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM SA?DE COLETIVA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21752.

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A mortalidade materno-infantil ainda ? um grave problema de sa?de p?blica no Brasil, apesar do amplo acesso a partos institucionalizados. A Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de desenvolveu o Safe Childbirth Checklist, uma tecnologia potencialmente ?til para melhorar a qualidade da assist?ncia durante o parto e favorecer melhores resultados em sa?de. O objetivo deste trabalho ? adaptar culturalmente e validar a Lista de Verifica??o para o Parto Seguro da OMS para os hospitais brasileiros, pois a simples tradu??o entra em choque com pr?ticas cl?nicas nacionais consolidadas. Ap?s tradu??o para o portugu?s do Brasil, houve tr?s etapas de adapta??o e valida??o: 1- grupo nominal com painel de especialistas, sendo tr?s enfermeiras obstetras e seis m?dicas (tr?s obstetras e tr?s pediatras), que se realizou de forma presencial (duas primeiras vota??es) e finalizou a dist?ncia (vota??o final); 2- Confer?ncia de Consenso em dois Hospitais Universit?rios, em reuni?es ampliadas para todos os profissionais que utilizariam a lista; e 3- question?rio estruturado aos profissionais de sa?de (n=40) ap?s estudo piloto de 30 dias utilizando a lista. Os crit?rios da valida??o foram a validade de face e conte?do da lista, adequa??o aos protocolos nacionais, terminologia e viabilidade no contexto local. Na primeira etapa, todos os 29 itens foram aprovados ap?s 3 rodadas e algumas adapta??es nacionais (ex. teste r?pido para HIV em vez de CD4). Na segunda etapa, ocorreu acr?scimo de 24 itens e modifica??es em itens iniciais. Na terceira etapa, ocorreu a exclus?o de 3 itens n?o vi?veis, 2 itens sofreram jun??o e 1 item foi acrescentado devido a sua import?ncia cl?nica no contexto brasileiro. O processo de valida??o possibilitou a disponibiliza??o de uma Lista de Verifica??o para o Parto Seguro de 49 itens potencialmente ?til para o contexto brasileiro, apresentando ind?cios de validade e viabilidade para o contexto nacional que devem ser confirmados em estudos futuros com foco na efetividade ou validade de crit?rio.
Maternal and infant mortality is still a serious public health problem in Brazil, despite the broad access to institutionalized deliveries. The World Health Organization has developed the Safe Childbirth Checklist, a potentially useful technology to improve the quality of care during labor and to promote better health outcomes. The objective of this work is culturally adapt and validate the Checklist for the WHO Safe Childbirth for Brazilian hospitals, for the simple translation collides with consolidated national clinical practice. After translation into Portuguese of Brazil, there were three stages of adaptation and validation: 1 nominal group panel of experts, three obstetricians and six medical nurses (three obstetricians and three pediatricians), held in person (first two polls ) and completed the distance (final vote); 2 Consensus Conference in two University Hospitals, in extended meetings for all professionals who would use the list; and 3 structured questionnaire for health professionals (n = 40) after 30-day pilot study using the list. The criteria for validation were the face validity and list content, suitability for national protocols, terminology and viability in the local context. In the first stage, all 29 items were approved after 3 rounds and some national adaptations (eg. Rapid test for HIV instead of CD4). In the second stage, there was an increase of 24 items and changes in initial items. In the third stage, was the exclusion of nonviable 3 items, 2 items were joint and 1 item has been added due to their clinical importance in the Brazilian context. The validation process enabled the provision of a Checklist for Safe Childbirth 49 potentially useful items for the Brazilian context, with evidence of validity and feasibility of the national context which must be confirmed in future studies focused on the effectiveness or validity of criterion.

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Silva, Cláudio Silvério da [UNESP]. "A educação física adaptada no contexto da formação profissional: implicações curriculares para os cursos de educação física". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96048.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo averiguar como a disciplina curricular Educação Física Adaptada ou similar tem se apresentado nos cursos de licenciatura e graduação/bacharelado em Educação Física e Esporte nas três Universidades públicas estaduais do estado de São Paulo, e se faz interação com as outras disciplinas do currículo. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e utilizou como técnicas de coleta de dados o levantamento de fonte documental via internet através de consulta ao portal do Ministério da Educação (MEC): no link: http://emec.mec.gov.br/ e a entrevista do tipo semi estruturada. Os documentos coletados foram: grades curriculares e conteúdos programáticos da disciplina. Nas análises dos documentos disponibilizados tanto das Instituições públicas como das privadas constatamos que, quanto à nomenclatura, a disciplina tem se apresentado com nomenclaturas semelhantes em algumas IES privadas, e de forma distinta em IES privadas e públicas dentro da proposta licenciatura e graduação/bacharelado em Educação Física e esporte. Em relação às análises das entrevistas com os professores, foi possível analisar a caracterização da disciplina com uma nomenclatura que a identifica e uma falta de consenso quanto aos conteúdos ministrados e relatos mais consensuais quanto às estratégias de ensino, com ênfase na extensão universitária. Na questão do currículo se verificou que há uma ausência de interação entre a disciplina e as demais. Quanto à formação, intervenção e preparação para o mercado de trabalho os participantes apresentaram uma preocupação com a necessidade de se preparar o aluno com perfis diversificados. Dentro deste contexto, consideramos que há a necessidade de pensar na absorção do conteúdo prático nos estágios supervisionados, em cursos de formação de pós graduação e cursos semelhantes à residência médica...
This study aimed to find out how the Adapted Physical Education curriculum subject or similar has appeared in undergraduate and graduate / undergraduate degree in Physical Education and Sport in the three public state universities of São Paulo, and makes interaction with other disciplines the curriculum. The research is of qualitative character and used as techniques to collect the survey data source document via the Internet by consulting the website of the Ministry of Education (MEC): the link: http://emec.mec.gov.br/ and semi structured interview. The documents were collected: curricula and syllabus of the course. In the analysis of documents provided much of the public and private institutions found that, as the nomenclature, the discipline has performed with similar classifications in some private institutions, and differently in public and private institutions within the proposed undergraduate and graduate / undergraduate degree in Physical Education and Sport. Regarding the analysis of interviews with teachers, we could analyze the characterization of the discipline with a nomenclature that identifies and a lack of consensus on the content taught and the mainstream reports about the strategies of education, with emphasis on the university extension. In the matter of the curriculum was found that there is a lack of interaction between the discipline and others. As for training, intervention and preparation for the labor market participants had a concern with the need to prepare students with diverse profiles. Within this context, we consider that there is a need to think of practical content in the absorption of supervised training, training courses and graduate courses similar to medical residency. We found that the discipline does not interact with other disciplines because of the settings in the existing curriculum of physical education courses in Brazil mosaic-like, and what ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Veber, Patr?cia Aparecida. "Adapta??o e valida??o da escala de Westbrook & Dholakia (2006) para mensurar o relacionamento dos alunos de p?s-gradua??o no contexto brasileiro". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5670.

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The relationship marketing is essential to create a bond between institutions and students. Considering the importance of the development of the relationship among higher education institutions (HEI) and its students, this study aims to adapt and validate a scale to evaluate the relationship between postgraduate students and the higher education institutions which they attend, as proposed by Westbrook and Dholakia (2006), under the Brazilian context. This is a quantitative research, conducted with a sample of 343 postgraduate students, using exploratory factor analysis and reliability for refinement of the scale and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scale in the Brazilian context. The results showed adequate levels of reliability and convergent validity, discriminant and dimensionality for the dimensions of the variables studied. The research contributes to the expansion of studies on relationship marketing in higher education institutions, since there are few studies investigating the relationship of postgraduate students and none of the instruments relating students of postgraduate programs are validated for the Brazilian context. In the final considerations, implications of this study and suggestions for future studies are presented.
O marketing de relacionamento ? essencial para que a rela??o entre as institui??es e alunos seja efetuada. Considerando a import?ncia do desenvolvimento do relacionamento entre institui??o de ensino superior (IES) e seus alunos, este trabalho teve como objetivo adaptar e validar a escala de avalia??o do relacionamento dos alunos de p?s-gradua??o com sua institui??o de ensino superior proposta por Westbrook e Dholakia (2006) no contexto brasileiro. A pesquisa, de natureza quantitativa, realizada com uma amostra de 343 estudantes de p?s-gradua??o, utilizou-se de an?lise fatorial explorat?ria e confiabilidade para purifica??o da escala e an?lise fatorial confirmat?ria para validar a escala no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram n?veis adequados de confiabilidade, de validade convergente, de discriminante e de unidimensionalidade para as dimens?es das vari?veis estudadas. Esta pesquisa contribui para a amplia??o dos estudos sobre marketing de relacionamento em institui??es de ensino superior, uma vez que h? poucos estudos que investigam o relacionamento dos alunos da p?s-gradua??o e n?o havia instrumento validado para o contexto brasileiro para estudantes de programa de especializa??o. Nas considera??es finais, implica??es deste estudo e sugest?es para estudos futuros s?o apresentadas.

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Desta, Alemayehu. "Energy Supply and Demand Side Management in Industrial Microgrid Context". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1234/document.

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En raison de l'augmentation des coûts d'énergie et des préoccupations environnementales telles que les empreintes de carbone élevées, les systèmes de la production d'électricité centralisée se restructurent pour profiter des avantages de la production distribuée afin de répondre aux exigences énergétiques toujours croissantes. Les microgrids sont considérés comme une solution possible pour déployer une génération distribuée qui inclut des ressources énergétiques distribuées DERs (Distributed Energy Resources)(e.g, solaire, éolienne, batterie, etc). Dans cette thèse, nous traitons les défis de la gestion d'énergie dans un microgrid industriel où les charges énergétique sont constituées de processus industriels. Notre plan consiste à diviser la gestion de l'énergie du microgrid en deux parties: la production et la demande d’énergie.Du côté de la production d'énergie, les défis incluent la modélisation des générations de puissance et le lissage des fluctuations des DER. Pour modéliser les générations de puissance, nous proposons un modèle basé sur les concepts de service courbé de Network Calculus. En utilisant cet outil mathématique, nous déterminons une quantité minimale de puissance que les DERs peuvent générer; leur agrégation nous donnera une production d'énergie totale dans le microgrid. Après cela, s'il existe un déséquilibre entre la production et la demande d'énergie, nous proposons des stratégies différentes pour minimiser les coûts d'approvisionnement énergétique. Sur la base des données réelles de la consommation d'énergie d'un site industriel situé en France, des économies significatives peuvent être réalisées en adoptant ces stratégies. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions également comment atténuer les effets des fluctuations de puissance des DERs en conjonction avec des systèmes de stockage d'énergie. Pour cela, nous proposons un algorithme de lissage gaussien et nous le comparons avec des algorithmes de lissage trouvés dans l'état de l'art. Nous avons trouvé que l'algorithme proposé utilise de batterie de moins de taille à des fins de lissage par rapport à d'autres algorithmes. À cette fin, nous sommes également intéressés à étudier les effets de la gamme admissible des fluctuations sur les tailles de la batterie.Du côté de la demande, l'objectif est de réduire les coûts de l'énergie grâce aux approches de gestion de la demande DSM (Demand Side Management) telles que Demand Response (DR) et Energy Efficiency. Comme les processus industriels consomment énormément, une petite réduction de la consommation d'énergie en utilisant les approches DSM pourrait se traduire par des économies cruciales. Cette thèse se concentre sur l'approche DR qui peut profiter des prix variables de l'électricité dans le temps pour déplacer les demandes énergétiques des heures de pointe aux heures creuses. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous comptons sur un modèle basé sur la théorie de file d'attente pour caractériser les comportements temporels (arrivée et départ des tâches) d'un système de fabrication. Après avoir défini les processus d'arrivée et de départ de tâches, une fonction d'utilisation efficace est utilisée pour prédire le comportement de la machine dans un domaine temporel et qui peut afficher son statut (allumé/éteint) à tout moment. En prenant le statut de chaque machine dans une ligne de production comme une entrée, nous proposons également un algorithme de planification DR qui adapte la consommation d'énergie d'une ligne de production aux deux contraintes de puissance disponibles et de taux de production. L'algorithme est codé à l'aide d’une machine d’état fini déterministe (Deterministic Finite State Machine) dans laquelle les transitions d'état se produisent en insérant une tâche à l'entrée du tapis roulant (on peut aussi avoir des transitions sans insertion de taches). Nous définissons des conditions pour l'existence d’un planificateur réalisable et aussi des conditions pour accepter positivement des demandes DRs
Due to increased energy costs and environmental concerns such as elevated carbon footprints, centralized power generation systems are restructuring themselves to reap benefits of distributed generation in order to meet the ever growing energy demands. Microgrids are considered as a possible solution to deploy distributed generation which includes Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) (e.g., solar, wind, battery, etc). In this thesis, we are interested in addressing energy management challenges in an industrial microgrid where energy loads consist of industrial processes. Our plan of attack is to divide the microgrid energy management into supply and demand sides.In supply side, the challenges include modeling of power generations and smoothing out fluctuations of the DERs. To model power generations, we propose amodel based on service curve concepts of Network Calculus (NC). Using this mathematical tool, we determine a minimum amount of power the DERs can generate and aggregating them will give us total power production in the microgrid. After that, if there is an imbalance between energy supply and demand, we put forward different strategies to minimize energy procurement costs. Based on real power consumption data of an industrial site located in France, significant cost savings can be made by adopting the strategies. In this thesis, we also study how to mitigate the effects of power fluctuations of DERs in conjunction with Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). For this purpose, we propose a Gaussian-based smoothing algorithm and compare it with state-of-the-art smoothing algorithms. We found out that the proposed algorithm uses less battery size for smoothing purposes when compared to other algorithms. To this end, we are also interested in investigating effects of allowable range of fluctuations on battery sizes.In demand side, the aim is to reduce energy costs through Demand Side Management (DSM) approaches such as Demand Response (DR) and Energy Efficiency (EE). As industrial processes are power-hungry consumers, a small power consumption reduction using the DSM approaches could translate into crucial savings. This thesis focuses on DR approach that can leverage time varying electricity prices to move energy demands from peak to off-peak hours. To attain this goal, we rely on a queuing theory-based model to characterize temporal behaviors (arrival and departure of jobs) of a manufacturing system. After defining job arrival and departure processes, an effective utilization function is used to predict workstation’s (or machine’s) behavior in temporal domain that can show its status (working or idle) at any time. Taking the status of every machine in a production line as an input, we also propose a DR scheduling algorithm that adapts power consumption of a production line to available power and production rate constraints. The algorithm is coded using Deterministic Finite State Machine (DFSM) in which state transitions happen by inserting a job (or not inserting) at conveyor input. We provide conditions for existence of feasible schedules and conditions to accept DR requests positively.To verify analytical computations on the queuing part, we have enhanced Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++ (OMNET++) discrete event simulator for fitting it to our needs. We modified various libraries in OMNET++ to add machine and conveyor modules. In this thesis, we also setup a testbed to experiment with a smart DR protocol called Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) that enables energy providers (e.g., utility grid) to ask consumers to reduce their power consumption for a given time. The objective is to explore how to implement our DR scheduling algorithm on top of OpenADR

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Guèye, Mamadou. "Contribution à la réflexion sur la mise en place d'outils d'analyse et de gestion adaptés au contexte actuel des entreprises - l'approche par les activités et processus : l'exemple de la France". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0555.

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L'objet de la thèse est de contribuer à la réflexion sur la mise en place d'outils qui permettent de répondre aux besoins de gestion actuels des entreprises. Nous nous attachons à mettre en évidence la pertinence du modèle de représentation des entreprises par les activités pour ensuite proposer des démarches et modalités d'implantation des outils qui s'en inspirent. La thèse est organisée en trois grandes parties. La première partie de la thèse analyse les mutations de l'environnement des entreprises et leurs impacts sur la logique de gestion des organisations (principalement calquée sur le modèle taylorien) et sur les outils utilisés (comptabilité de gestion, contrôle de gestion…). La seconde partie présente l'approche par les activités et les réponses qu'elle propose pour l'analyse et la gestion du fonctionnement des entreprises. Elle analyse les choix organisationnels privilégies par les entreprises qui se réorganisent progressivement autour de leur processus de manière à s'adapter aux évolutions permanentes de leur environnement. Dans cet esprit, nous mettons en évidence les limites du contrôle de gestion pour montrer les enjeux auxquels il doit faire face et les adaptations qui sont nécessaires tant pour le contenu de ses missions que pour son positionnement. La troisième partie présente nos travaux empiriques menés en France ainsi que les résultats qui en ont découlé. Ces travaux qui analysent les pratiques de 70 entreprises françaises dressent un premier état des lieux des pratiques inspirées de l'approche par les activités. L'analyse des résultats permet ainsi de tirer des enseignements pour aider à la mise en place des systèmes et d'outils fondés sur l'approche par les activités. Enfin, en nous appuyant sur les analyses de nos travaux empiriques, nous proposons une nouvelle vision de la fonction du contrôle de gestion en montrant comment celle-ci doit évoluer pour s'adapter au niveau de maturité des organisations (structure matricielle, système intégré de production, logistique intégrée) : il s'agira de passer progressivement d'une logique de contrôle de gestion menée par les experts de la comptabilité de gestion au service des autres acteurs a une logique d'appropriation des systèmes de gestion et de pilotage par les acteurs opérationnels de l'entreprise.

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Nazareth, Valber Lazaro. "Esgrima em cadeira de rodas : pedagogia de ensino a partir das dimensões e contexto da modalidade". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274767.

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Orientador: Edison Duarte
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: A Esgrima em Cadeira de Rodas nasce por meio da adaptação das estruturas de equipamentos e organização da Esgrima Convencional, com o fim de viabilizar a prática da modalidade por pessoas com deficiência física. Apesar de se tratar de um novo. modelo de Esgrima em forma adaptada, a Esgrima em Cadeira de Rodas não se diferencia da Esgrima Convencional, no que concerne ao jogo das armas, no âmbito do duelo esportivo. No entanto, devido ao fato da pessoa com deficiência apresentar uma condição funcional diferenciada, isso terminou por criar algumas características particulares e exclusivas de realização do movimento técnico na Esgrima. Diante de tal fator, deduzimos que pensar o ensino da Esgrima para pessoa com deficiência física somente pela ótica dos métodos comuns a Esgrima Convencional, em certa medida, pode limitar as condições de aprendizado destes indivíduos, nessa modalidade. Daí a importância dos métodos de ensino na Esgrima em Cadeira de Rodas serem estruturados a partir das dimensões e realidade da própria modalidade adaptada e condição funcional do aluno com deficiência e não o inverso. Tendo em foco a pedagogia de ensino e desenvolvendo-se sob a perspectiva de um estudo do tipo qualitativo, a presente investigação teve por objetivo caracterizar a Esgrima em Cadeira de Rodas visando propor indicadores pedagógicos para intervenção de ensino, na modalidade. Para tanto, o corpo de discussão do estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de três focos: o primeiro, Esgrima em cadeira de rodas no Brasil (2002 a 2008), aborda o processo histórico de desenvolvimento desta modalidade no país, a partir de sua implantação no ano 2002. O segundo: Características da Esgrima em cadeira de rodas, busca delinear as particularidades de desenvolvimento dos equipamentos e jogos, bem como algumas características que definem o praticante com deficiência. O terceiro e último Capítulo: Pedagogia de ensino na Esgrima em cadeira de rodas, apresenta os fundamentos básicos da modalidade, com orientações pedagógicas para a iniciação do aluno com deficiência física.
Abstract: Wheelchair Fencing begins by the adaptation of the equipment structures and organization from Conventional Fencing in order to make viable the practice of the modality by handicapped people. Although it is a .new. model of Fencing in an adapted way, the Wheelchair Fencing is not different form Conventional Fencing regarding to the weapons game in the ambit of the sportive duel. But because of the fact of the handicapped person presents a differentiated functional condition, it ended by creating some particular and exclusive characteristics of the technical movement execution in Fencing. Facing this factor we deduce that thinking the Fencing teaching to handicapped person only by the models of the common methods of Conventional Fencing in a certain way it can limit the learning conditions of these individuals in this modality. There comes the importance of the methods of teaching Wheelchair Fencing are structured from the dimensions and reality from the own adapted modality and functional condition of the handicapped athlete and not the other way around. Having the focus in the teaching pedagogy and developing itself under the perspective of a qualitative study the present investigation had as its aim characterize the Wheelchair Fencing aiming for pedagogical indicators to the teaching intervention in the modality. In this way the corpus of the study discussion was developed from three foci: The first one, Fencing in Brazil (2002 to 2008) broaches the historical process of development of this modality in Brazil from its implantation in 2002. The second, Characteristics of wheelchair fencing searches for delineating the particularities of the development of the equipments and games, as well as some characteristics that define the handicapped practitioner. The third and last chapter Pedagogy of teaching in wheelchair fencing presents the basic bases of the modality with pedagogical orientations to initiate the handicapped student.
Doutorado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Doutor em Educação Física

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LAVIEVILLE, DAVID. "Unite d'accueil et d'orientation pyschiatrique (u. A. O. P. ) d'une conception de la psychiatrie a l'hopital general a une pratique adaptee a un contexte particulier". Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET6237.

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Schleich, Anouk. "Apport du lidar spatial pour le développement de méthodes d'inventaire forestier multisource adaptées à la gestion durable des forêts dans un contexte de changement global". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGPT0002.

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En France, la méthode de l'Inventaire Forestier National (IFN) répond à des besoins de politique publique aux échelles nationales et régionales. Sur des plus petits territoires, la précision est souvent insuffisante pour répondre aux besoins des activités de gestion. Les méthodes IFM peuvent répondre à ce besoin en combinant des données d'inventaire et des données de télédétection. La thèse vise à améliorer la précision de l'IFN à des échelles subrégionales à locales en intégrant les données du système lidar spatial GEDI dans des approches multisources.Cependant, cette intégration se heurte à un verrou majeur, lié à l'absence de correspondance spatiale entre les échantillons sur le terrain (placettes d'inventaire) et les empreintes GEDI. Par ailleurs, les données GEDI sont mal géoréférencées, ce qui complexifie leur intégration dans certaines approches d'IFM. Cette thèse se concentre sur ces problématiques et est divisée en trois parties principales.Premièrement, une méthode d'amélioration du géoréférencement de GEDI a été développée en se basant uniquement sur un modèle numérique de terrain (MNT) de référence à haute résolution spatiale. Cette méthode compare, pour une série de positions autour de la localisation indiquée dans les produits GEDI, les élévations du terrain des empreintes GEDI avec celles du MNT de référence, générant une carte d'écarts en fonction des décalages en X et Y. En utilisant un algorithme d'accumulation de flux sur cette carte, une position améliorée qui minimise l'écart avec le MNT est proposée pour chaque empreinte GEDI.Ensuite, deux approches d'utilisation des données GEDI avec les données de l'IFN ont été élaborées. Les zones d'étude se situent dans les Vosges et utilisent environ 500 placettes IFN et plus de 100,000 empreintes GEDI. La première approche est une approche d'échantillonnage double pour la stratification (2SS), reposant sur des variables communes entre GEDI et IFN, sans nécessiter de coïncidence spatiale entre les deux sources de données. Les approches 2SS reposent généralement sur des échantillons de données probabilistes, ce qui n'est a priori pas le cas de l'échantillonnage de GEDI. Ainsi, une analyse préliminaire a été nécessaire pour comprendre les caractéristiques spécifiques de l'échantillon des mesures GEDI. La pertinence de la variable commune choisie, la hauteur maximale des arbres, a également été vérifiée. Par rapport aux estimations basées uniquement sur les données IFN, l'approche 2SS a amélioré la variance des estimations de volume de 56%.La deuxième approche utilise un lien entre données GEDI et données IFN établi indirectement en utilisant les images Sentinel-2 et Sentinel-1, avec la méthode des k-plus proches voisins (kNN) combinée avec du bagging (bootstrap aggregation). Il s'agit de propager l'information des placettes terrain au niveau des empreintes GEDI pour densifier les placettes IFN en tirant parti des mesures de structure forestière GEDI, bien corrélées aux attributs forestiers d'intérêt (ex. le volume de bois). Tout d'abord, en utilisant un kNN-bagging, on cherche pour chaque placette IFN les empreintes GEDI ayant les caractéristiques les plus proches de celles du point IFN pour des variables de lien Sentinel, complétées ou non avec une variable de lien supplémentaire de hauteur. On estime ainsi l'ensemble des variables GEDI pour chaque placette IFN. Ensuite, un modèle de régression est établi par kNN-bagging pour estimer le volume de bois à partir des variables GEDI les mieux prédites à l'étape précédente et les variables Sentinel. Le volume est estimé au niveau de toutes les empreintes GEDI. La stratégie complétée par une variable de lien de hauteur a atteint un coefficient de détermination de 58%. Par la suite, sur la base du réseau dense de placettes avec volume ainsi obtenu, des méthodes standards d'estimation sur de petites surfaces (small area estimation) ou de cartographie haute résolution, pourront être implémentés
The thesis focuses on the contribution of spaceborne lidar to the development of Multisource Forest Inventory (MFI) methods. In France, the National Forest Inventory (NFI) method addresses the requirements of public policies at regional and national levels. However, on smaller territories, precision is often insufficient to meet the needs of management activities. MFI methods better address these needs by combining inventory data with remote sensing data. This thesis aims to improve NFI accuracy at sub-regional to local scales by integrating data from the spaceborne lidar GEDI into multisource approaches.Unfortunately, this integration is complicated due to the lack of spatial correspondence between field samples (inventory plots) and GEDI footprints. Additionally, GEDI data are poorly georeferenced, making them difficult to integrate into certain MFI approaches. This thesis focuses on these issues and is divided into three main parts.As a first step, a method for improving GEDI georeferencing, based on a high-resolution reference digital elevation model (DEM) was developed. This method compares, for a series of positions around the location indicated in the GEDI products, the ground elevations of the GEDI footprints with those of the reference DEM, generating an error map according to X and Y offsets. Using a flow accumulation algorithm on this error map, an improved position minimizing the distance from the DEM is proposed for each GEDI footprint.Next, two approaches for using GEDI data with NFI data were developed. The study sites are located in the Vosges and use ∼ 500 IFN plots and over 100,000 GEDI footprints.The first approach is a double sampling for stratification (2SS) approach, based on common variables between GEDI and NFI, without requiring spatial correspondence of the two data sources. 2SS approaches are generally based on probabilistic data samples, which is not a priori the case for GEDI's sampling pattern. Thus, a preliminary analysis was required to understand the characteristics of the spatial distribution of the GEDI sample. The relevance of the chosen common variable, i.e. the maximum tree height, was also verified. Compared with estimates based only on NFI data, the 2SS approach improved the variance of growing stock volume estimates by up to 56%.The second approach is based on a link between GEDI data and NFI data, established indirectly by using spatially exhaustive data sources, the Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 images. To establish the model linking the different data sources, we chose to use the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) method combined with bagging (bootstrap aggregation). The aim is to propagate information from field plots to GEDI footprints in order to "densify" NFI plots by taking advantage of GEDI forest structure measurements, which are well correlated with the forest attributes of interest (e.g. growing stock volume). First, for each NFI plot, we looked for the GEDI footprints with the characteristics of the Sentinel link variables, supplemented or not with a height link variable, that are closest to those of the NFI point. Using a kNN-bagging approach, the set of GEDI variables is therefore estimated for each NFI plot. Next, a regression model is established by kNN-bagging to estimate the volume using the best predicted GEDI variables from the previous step and the Sentinel variables. The volume is estimated at the level of all GEDI footprints. The strategy supplemented by a height link variable performed best and reached a coefficient of determination of 58%. Subsequently, using the resulting dense sample of volume plots, standard methods for small area estimation (scale of the municipality or district) or high-resolution volume mapping can be implemented

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Shiburi, Piet Thapedi. "Tshekatsheko ya diteng le poloto ya Go ša Baori ka D.P.S. Monyaise". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26561.

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A representative example of Monyaise’s work is his novel Go ša Baori, published in 1970. A survey of the literature reveals that this novel has already been investigated, by Malope R.M and (1986), Shole J. S.S (1988) who analysed only the dream found in this novel. The chief aim of this investigation is thus to critically analyse the structure of the novel Go ša Baori at the level of content and plot, using two research methods, namely definition and interpretation, within the context of an adapted narratological model. This model conceives of a text according to three levels, namely content, plot and style, and focuses on the topic of the content, the theme of the plot and the atmosphere of the style. Thus this research study differs from the two previous investigations of Go ša Baori because it focuses on the content level of the text by examining the topic, and the plot level by analysing the theme. The content of a text is coordinated by the topic to form a unified entity. The topic of the novel we are investigating is reflected in its title, namely Go ša Baori. The topic is thus of vital importance, and determines the arrangement and presentation of four important elements of content, namely character, time, place and events. These four elements are examined in more detail. The characters of the novel can be grouped into two categories, namely kind-hearted person (Olebile) and quarrelsome person (Wapeipi). These two content characters are investigated using the concepts of intention, patronage, resistance, assistance and success. Time and place together fall under setting. Setting can be defined as the natural and artificial environment in which characters in literature live and move (Roberts 1982:1).Time is then the period in which the events of the plot happen, and the order in which they happen. This can be expressed in various units, for example a day, month or year. Place denotes the geographical and topological position in which the characters in the story are situated and the events of the plot take place. Bal (1985: 8) regards the place within which the characters find themselves as the ‘frame’. The last of the four elements, the events, together make up the plot of the drama, which Strachan (1988: 20) and Magapa (1997: 11) describe as the second level of the text. Here theme is the key. The theme of the novel Go ša Baori centres on jealousy and competitive spirit. The plot is examined by focusing on the special functions in the plot of the protagonist Olebile and the antagonist Wapeipi, and the events related to them are classified as representing either good or evil. This study of Go ša Baori not only reveals how Monyaise creates his characters but also how he selects and shapes them for the purpose of dramatizing human life with all its varied manifestations. The actions that take place reveal essential character traits of the various characters, as do the words of the author as he describes Wapeipi as someone who makes up his mind at once and he is prepared to be hurt emotionally. While on the other hand, Olebile is a soft spoken man and very loving who shows his love to his fiancée by buying her a big diamond ring. The plot is then examined according to the conflicts that occur in its various stages, namely the exposition, the development, the climax and the denouement. There are twelve distinct conflicts that can be identified occurring between characters in the events of the plot. Monyaise using three techniques, namely repetition, elision and motif, presents the events of the exposition, which form the first conflict that sets the plot going. In the development, several other techniques are used to show the conflicting forces of character and events and to emphasize the message of the novel. The other conflicts, which are between other characters like the helpers, can be described as medium, and are not examined in great detail, though they are vital for creating suspense. In the climax phase the techniques of focus, idioms and motif are examined, particularly in the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist, which leads to the death of the protagonist caused by emotions and complications. The conflict in the denouement phase is characterised by a very important technique, shadow to strengthen the theme of Go ša Baori. Here Monyaise uses this important technique, to strengthen the presentation of the theme of Go ša Baori. Overall, the most frequently used techniques are repetition, motif, idioms, elision, focus, rhetorical questions and foreshadowing. This novel can be classified as a tragic novel, because at the end, the antagonist dies. Using this tragic ending, Monyaise tries to caution his audience against jealousy and a competitive spirit. Thus it is the theme that holds the audience to the end of the novel.
Dissertation (MA (African Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
African Languages
MA (African Languages)
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