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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Adaptation and aftereffects"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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1

Leopold, David A., Gillian Rhodes, Kai-Markus Müller, and Linda Jeffery. "The dynamics of visual adaptation to faces." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1566 (May 5, 2005): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.3022.

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Several recent demonstrations using visual adaptation have revealed high-level aftereffects for complex patterns including faces. While traditional aftereffects involve perceptual distortion of simple attributes such as orientation or colour that are processed early in the visual cortical hierarchy, face adaptation affects perceived identity and expression, which are thought to be products of higher-order processing. And, unlike most simple aftereffects, those involving faces are robust to changes in scale, position and orientation between the adapting and test stimuli. These differences raise

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2

Petersik, J. Timothy. "Buildup and Decay of a Three-Dimensional Rotational Aftereffect Obtained with a Three-Dimensional Figure." Perception 31, no. 7 (July 2002): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3358.

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Gaps in past literature have raised questions regarding the kinds of stimuli that can lead to three-dimensional (3-D) rotation aftereffects. Further, the characteristics of the buildup and decay of such aftereffects are not clear. In the present experiments, rotation aftereffects were generated by projections of cube-like stimuli whose dynamic perspective motions gave rise to the perception of rotation in unambiguous directions; test stimuli consisted of similar cubes whose rotation directions were ambiguous. In experiment 1, the duration of the adaptation stimulus was varied and it was found

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3

Delorme, André. "Dichoptically Viewed Colour Aftereffects Produced by Monocular Adaptation." Perception 23, no. 8 (August 1994): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230957.

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Colour aftereffects were observed in dichoptically viewed achromatic striped patterns after a 25 s period of monocular adaptation to an homogeneous coloured field of red, green, or blue. Three test conditions of dichoptic viewing were used. In condition 1, black line patterns were viewed dichoptically on fused white backgrounds. Stimuli used in condition 2 were similar except that they were white line patterns on black backgrounds. Last, condition 3 was realised with the same stimulus patterns utilised in condition 1, except that the mode of dichoptic viewing produced a juxtaposition rather th

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4

Wade, Nicholas J., and Charles M. M. De Weert. "Aftereffects in Binocular Rivalry." Perception 15, no. 4 (August 1986): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p150419.

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Five experiments are reported in which the aftereffect paradigm was applied to binocular rivalry. In the first three experiments rivalry was between a vertical grating presented to the left eye and a horizontal grating presented to the right eye. In the fourth experiment the rivalry stimuli consisted of a rotating sectored disc presented to the left eye and a static concentric circular pattern presented to the right. In experiment 5 rivalry was between static radiating and circular patterns. The predominance durations were systematically influenced by direct (same eye) and indirect (interocula

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5

Calzolari, Elena, Elena Azañón, Matthew Danvers, Giuseppe Vallar, and Matthew R. Longo. "Adaptation aftereffects reveal that tactile distance is a basic somatosensory feature." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 17 (April 10, 2017): 4555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614979114.

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The stage at which processing of tactile distance occurs is still debated. We addressed this issue by implementing an adaptation-aftereffect paradigm with passive touch. We demonstrated the presence of a strong aftereffect, induced by the simultaneous presentation of pairs of tactile stimuli. After adaptation to two different distances, one on each hand, participants systematically perceived a subsequent stimulus delivered to the hand adapted to the smaller distance as being larger. We further investigated the nature of the aftereffects, demonstrating that they are orientation- and skin-region

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6

SAUL, ALAN B. "Visual cortical simple cells: Who inhibits whom." Visual Neuroscience 16, no. 4 (July 1999): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252389916406x.

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Simple cells display a specific adaptation aftereffect when tested with drifting gratings. The onset of the response to each cycle of the grating is delayed after adapting, but the offset is unaffected. Testing with stationary bars whose luminance was modulated in time revealed that aftereffects occur only at certain points in both space and time. The aftereffects seen with moving stimuli were predicted from those seen with stationary stimuli. These adaptation experiments suggest a model that consists of mutually inhibitory simple cells that are in spatiotemporal quadrature. The inhibition is

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7

Burgering, Merel A., Thijs van Laarhoven, Martijn Baart, and Jean Vroomen. "Fluidity in the perception of auditory speech: Cross-modal recalibration of voice gender and vowel identity by a talking face." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 6 (January 30, 2020): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819900884.

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Humans quickly adapt to variations in the speech signal. Adaptation may surface as recalibration, a learning effect driven by error-minimisation between a visual face and an ambiguous auditory speech signal, or as selective adaptation, a contrastive aftereffect driven by the acoustic clarity of the sound. Here, we examined whether these aftereffects occur for vowel identity and voice gender. Participants were exposed to male, female, or androgynous tokens of speakers pronouncing /e/, /ø/, (embedded in words with a consonant-vowel-consonant structure), or an ambiguous vowel halfway between /e/

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8

Reinhardt-Rutland, Anthony H. "Increasing-Loudness Aftereffect following Decreasing-Intensity Adaptation: Spectral Dependence in Interotic and Monotic Testing." Perception 27, no. 4 (April 1998): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270473.

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Listening to decreasing intensity leads to illusory increasing loudness afterwards. Evidence suggests that this increasing-loudness aftereffect may have a sensory component concerned with dynamic localisation. This was tested by comparing the spectral dependence of monotic aftereffect (adapting and testing one ear) with the spectral dependence of interotic aftereffect (adapting one ear and testing the other ear). Existence of the proposed component implies that monotic aftereffect should be more spectrally dependent than interotic aftereffect. Three listeners were exposed to a 1 kHz adapting s

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9

Roach, Neil W., and Paul V. McGraw. "Dynamics of Spatial Distortions Reveal Multiple Time Scales of Motion Adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 6 (December 2009): 3619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00548.2009.

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Prolonged exposure to consistent visual motion can significantly alter the perceived direction and speed of subsequently viewed objects. These perceptual aftereffects have provided invaluable tools with which to study the mechanisms of motion adaptation and draw inferences about the properties of underlying neural populations. Behavioral studies of the time course of motion aftereffects typically reveal a gradual process of adaptation spanning a period of multiple seconds. In contrast, neurophysiological studies have documented multiple motion adaptation effects operating over similar, or subs

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10

Ehrenstein, Walter H. "Auditory Aftereffects following Simulated Motion Produced by Varying Interaural Intensity or Time." Perception 23, no. 10 (October 1994): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p231249.

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Simulated auditory motion, ie step-ramp modulated interaural intensity (Δ I) or time (Δ t) was presented via headphones as an adapting stimulus (narrow-band signal of 1 kHz mean frequency). After adaptation, settings of a stationary test stimulus were systematically shifted in the opposite direction when the experimental parameter was Δ I, but not when it was Δ t. Further studies with Δ t motion with the use of mean frequencies of 100 Hz or 6 kHz showed an aftereffect only at 6 kHz. Unlike visual motion aftereffects, no counter-motion was observed; rather the test stimulus appeared stationary,

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11

Bunday, Karen L., and Adolfo M. Bronstein. "Locomotor Adaptation and Aftereffects in Patients With Reduced Somatosensory Input Due to Peripheral Neuropathy." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 6 (December 2009): 3119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00304.2009.

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We studied 12 peripheral neuropathy patients (PNP) and 13 age-matched controls with the “broken escalator” paradigm to see how somatosensory loss affects gait adaptation and the release and recovery (“braking”) of the forward trunk overshoot observed during this locomotor aftereffect. Trunk displacement, foot contact signals, and leg electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded while subjects walked onto a stationary sled (BEFORE trials), onto the moving sled (MOVING or adaptation trials), and again onto the stationary sled (AFTER trials). PNP were unsteady during the MOVING trials, but this progressi

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12

Brooks, Kevin R., Colin W. G. Clifford, Richard J. Stevenson, Jonathan Mond, and Ian D. Stephen. "The high-level basis of body adaptation." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 172103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172103.

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Prolonged visual exposure, or ‘adaptation’, to thin (wide) bodies causes a perceptual aftereffect such that subsequently seen bodies appear wider (thinner) than they actually are. Here, we conducted two experiments investigating the effect of rotating the orientation of the test stimuli by 90° from that of the adaptor. Aftereffects were maximal when adapting and test bodies had the same orientation. When they differed, the axis of the perceived distortion changed with the orientation of the body. Experiment 1 demonstrated a 58% transfer of the aftereffect across orientations. Experiment 2 demo

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13

Groen, Joris, and Peter J. Werkhoven. "Visuomotor Adaptation to Virtual Hand Position in Interactive Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7, no. 5 (October 1998): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474698565839.

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In virtual environments the virtual hand may not always be exactly aligned with the real hand. Such misalignment may cause an adaptation of the users' eye-hand coordination. Further, misalignment may cause a decrease in manipulation performance compared to aligned conditions. This experimental study uses a prism-adaptation paradigm to explore visuomotor adaptation to misaligned virtual hand position. Participants were immersed in an interactive virtual environment with a deliberately misaligned virtual hand position (a lateral shift of 10 cm). We carried out pointing tests with a nonvisible ha

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14

Barraclough, Nick E., Rebecca H. Keith, Dengke Xiao, Mike W. Oram, and David I. Perrett. "Visual Adaptation to Goal-directed Hand Actions." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 9 (September 2009): 1805–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21145.

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Prolonged exposure to visual stimuli, or adaptation, often results in an adaptation “aftereffect” which can profoundly distort our perception of subsequent visual stimuli. This technique has been commonly used to investigate mechanisms underlying our perception of simple visual stimuli, and more recently, of static faces. We tested whether humans would adapt to movies of hands grasping and placing different weight objects. After adapting to hands grasping light or heavy objects, subsequently perceived objects appeared relatively heavier, or lighter, respectively. The aftereffects increased log

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15

GOEDERT, KELLY M., ANDREW LEBLANC, SEN-WEI TSAI, and ANNA M. BARRETT. "Asymmetrical Effects of Adaptation to Left- and Right-Shifting Prisms Depends on Pre-existing Attentional Biases." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 16, no. 5 (July 5, 2010): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710000597.

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AbstractProposals that adaptation with left-shifting prisms induces neglect-like symptoms in normal individuals rely on a dissociation between the postadaptation performance of individuals trained with left- versus right-shifting prisms (e.g., Colent, Pisella, & Rossetti, 2000). A potential problem with this evidence is that normal young adults have an a priori leftward bias (e.g., Jewell & McCourt, 2000). In Experiment 1, we compared the line bisection performance of young adults to that of aged adults, who as a group may lack a leftward bias in line bisection. Participants trained wi

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16

Bestelmeyer, Patricia E. G., Bethan Williams, Jennifer J. Lawton, Maria-Elena Stefanou, Kami Koldewyn, Christoph Klein, and Monica Biscaldi. "Adaptation to Vocal Expressions and Phonemes Is Intact in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 3 (March 23, 2018): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702617748401.

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Several recent studies have demonstrated reduced visual aftereffects, particularly to social stimuli, in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This putative impairment of the adaptive mechanism in ASD has been put forward as a possible explanation for some of the core social problems experienced by children with ASD (e.g., facial emotion or identity recognition). We addressed this claim in children with ASD and typically developing children by using an established methodology and morphed auditory stimulus set for eliciting robust aftereffects to vocal expressions and phonemes. Although children with

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17

Wilcox, Laurie M., Brian Timney, and Michele Girash. "On the Contribution of a Binocular ‘AND’ Channel at Contrast Threshold." Perception 23, no. 6 (June 1994): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230659.

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Three experiments are reported in which an attempt was made to isolate the contribution of an AND channel by measuring aftereffects following alternating monocular adaptation. The first two were designed to test Wolf and Held's proposal that the binocular AND channel does not respond at contrast threshold. In the first experiment the relative sizes of monocular and binocular contrast threshold elevation were compared with the pattern of aftereffects obtained in a study of the suprathreshold tilt aftereffect. Identical patterns of results were obtained under the two adaptation conditions. In th

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18

Verstraten, Frans A. J., Maarten J. van der Smagt, and Wim A. van de Grind. "Aftereffect of High-Speed Motion." Perception 27, no. 9 (September 1998): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p271055.

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A visual illusion known as the motion aftereffect is considered to be the perceptual manifestation of motion sensors that are recovering from adaptation. This aftereffect can be obtained for a specific range of adaptation speeds with its magnitude generally peaking for speeds around 3 deg s−1. The classic motion aftereffect is usually measured with a static test pattern. Here, we measured the magnitude of the motion aftereffect for a large range of velocities covering also higher speeds, using both static and dynamic test patterns. The results suggest that at least two (sub)populations of moti

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19

Ryan, Colin, and Barbara Gillam. "A Proximity-Contingent Stereoscopic Depth Aftereffect: Evidence for Adaptation to Disparity Gradients." Perception 22, no. 4 (April 1993): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220403.

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Prolonged inspection of a surface slanted in the third dimension of visual space typically results in a negative aftereffect such that, after adaptation, a surface in the fronto-parallel plane will appear slanted in the opposite direction. Binocular disparity is not necessary to generate such effects, since they can be obtained monocularly, presumably via adaptation to texture gradient. Six experiments demonstrated durable stereoscopic depth aftereffects in the absence of a texture gradient—by using discrete disparate objects rather than slanted surfaces— and demonstrated that adaptation was t

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20

DeSimone, Kevin, Minjung Kim, and Richard F. Murray. "Number Adaptation Can Be Dissociated From Density Adaptation." Psychological Science 31, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 1470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620956986.

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Rapidly judging the number of objects in a scene is an important perceptual ability. Recent debates have centered on whether number perception is accomplished by dedicated mechanisms and, in particular, on whether number-adaptation aftereffects reflect adaptation of number per se or adaptation of related stimulus properties, such as density. Here, we report an adaptation experiment ( N = 8) for which the predictions of number and density theories are diametrically opposed. We found that when a reference stimulus has higher density than an adaptation stimulus but contains fewer elements, adapta

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21

Sakaguchi, Yutaka, Yu-ichi Akashi, and Mitsuo Takano. "Visuo-Motor Adaptation to Stepwise and Gradual Changes in the Environment: Relationship between Consciousness and Adaptation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 13, no. 6 (December 20, 2001): 601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2001.p0601.

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Visuo-motor transformation in the human brain continuously adapts to the external environment, regardless of whether we are aware of the environmental change. This study examines the features of visuo-motor adaptation with stepwise and gradual visual shifts to explore the relationship between consciousness and adaptation. First, we ran psychological experiments, in which the amount of aftereffect was compared between the two kinds of visual shift. For most participants, almost complete aftereffects were observed in the gradual condition, while a slight aftereffect was observed in the stepwise

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22

Saul, A. B., and M. S. Cynader. "Adaptation in single units in visual cortex: The tuning of aftereffects in the spatial domain." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 6 (June 1989): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800003527.

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AbstractCat striate cortical neurons were investigated using a new method of studying adaptation aftereffects. Stimuli were sinusoidal gratings of variable contrast, spatial frequency, and drift direction and rate. A series of alternating adapting and test trials was presented while recording from single units. Control trials were completely integrated with the adapted trials in these experiments.Every cortical cell tested showed selective adaptation aftereffects. Adapting at suprathreshold contrasts invariably reduced contrast sensitivity. Significant aftereffects could be observed even when

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23

Menghini, Federica, Nicola van Rijsbergen, and Alessandro Treves. "Modelling adaptation aftereffects in associative memory." Neurocomputing 70, no. 10-12 (June 2007): 2000–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2006.10.081.

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24

McKone, E., M. Edwards, R. Robbins, and R. Anderson. "The stickiness of face adaptation aftereffects." Journal of Vision 5, no. 8 (September 1, 2005): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.8.822.

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25

Vasudevan, Erin V. L., and Amy J. Bastian. "Split-Belt Treadmill Adaptation Shows Different Functional Networks for Fast and Slow Human Walking." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (January 2010): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00501.2009.

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New walking patterns can be learned over short time scales (i.e., adapted in minutes) using a split-belt treadmill that controls the speed of each leg independently. This leads to storage of a modified motor pattern that is expressed as an aftereffect in regular walking conditions and must be de-adapted to return to normal. Here we asked whether the nervous system adapts a general walking pattern that is used across many speeds or a specific pattern affecting only the two speeds experienced during split-belt training. In experiment 1, we tested three groups of healthy adult subjects walking at

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26

Wei, Wei, Teng Leng Ooi, and Zijiang J. He. "Aftereffects of apparent motion adaptation depends on adaptation duration." Journal of Vision 19, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 286c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.10.286c.

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27

Saul, A. B., and M. S. Cynader. "Adaptation in single units in visual cortex: The tuning of aftereffects in the temporal domain." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 6 (June 1989): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800003539.

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AbstractAdaptation-induced changes in the temporal-frequency tuning and direction selectivity of cat visual cortical cells were studied. Aftereffects were induced largely independent of direction. Adapting in either direction reduced responses in both directions. Aftereffects in the direction opposite that adapted were only slightly weaker than were aftereffects in the adapted direction. No cell showed any enhancement of responses to drifting test stimuli after adapting with moving gratings. Adapting in a cell's null direction usually had no effect. Dramatic differences between the adaptation

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28

Ehrenstein, Walter H., and Anthony H. Reinhardt-Rutland. "A Cross-Modal Aftereffect: Auditory Displacement following Adaptation to Visual Motion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 1 (February 1996): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.23.

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It has been shown earlier that the perceived location of static sound-sources can be displaced (a) during visual motion and (b) following auditory motion. Here we combine these phenomena. The subject adapted to the horizontal visual motion of a surrounding drum, then (with the lights off) localized static sound-sources by setting the direction of a pointer. Adapting motion was clockwise or counterclockwise: the difference between each subject's settings following the opposite directions of adaptation showed small but consistent auditory displacements opposite to the adapting directions. This v

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29

Thompson, Peter, and Justin Wright. "The Role of Intervening Patterns in the Storage of the Movement Aftereffect." Perception 23, no. 10 (October 1994): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p231233.

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Wohlgemuth, having measured the duration of the motion aftereffect (MAE), instructed subjects to close their eyes immediately after adaptation for a period of time longer than the MAE. Upon opening their eyes the subjects reported a residual effect, albeit somewhat shorter than the original effect. Thus the decay of the aftereffect appeared to have been retarded by the period of darkness. This effect is known as ‘storage’ and poses a problem for any model of the MAE based on the fatiguing of direction-selective units in the visual pathway. A reexamination is made of storage of the MAE, again c

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30

Houldin, Adina, Romeo Chua, Mark G. Carpenter, and Tania Lam. "Limited interlimb transfer of locomotor adaptations to a velocity-dependent force field during unipedal walking." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00670.2011.

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Several studies have demonstrated that motor adaptations to a novel task environment can be transferred between limbs. Such interlimb transfer of motor commands is consistent with the notion of centrally driven strategies that can be generalized across different frames of reference. So far, studies of interlimb transfer of locomotor adaptations have yielded disparate results. Here we sought to determine whether locomotor adaptations in one (trained) leg show transfer to the other (test) leg during a unipedal walking task. We hypothesized that adaptation in the test leg to a velocity-dependent

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31

Wade, N. J., V. Pardieu, and M. T. Swanston. "Local and Global Properties of Motion Aftereffects." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0801.

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The local motion adaptation at the basis of the motion aftereffect (MAE) can be expressed in a variety of ways, depending upon the structure of the test display (N J Wade, L Spillmann, M T Swanston Vision Research in press). This has been demonstrated with MAEs from induced motion: if adaptation is to two moving (Surround) gratings, an MAE is seen in the central grating if two gratings surround it, but in the flanking gratings when they are themselves surrounded in the test stimulus. We report two experiments in which the characteristics of the test display and of the local adaptation process

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32

Cziraki, Csaba, Mark W. Greenlee, and Gyula Kovács. "Neural Correlates of High-Level Adaptation-Related Aftereffects." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 3 (March 2010): 1410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00582.2009.

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Prolonged exposure to complex stimuli, such as faces, biases perceptual decisions toward nonadapted, dissimilar stimuli, leading to contrastive aftereffects. Here we tested the neural correlates of this perceptual bias using a functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation (fMRIa) paradigm. Adaptation to a face or hand stimulus led to aftereffects by biasing the categorization of subsequent ambiguous face/hand composite stimuli away from the adaptor category. The simultaneously observed fMRIa in the face-sensitive fusiform face area (FFA) and in the body-part–sensitive extrastriate body area

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33

Kaiser, Daniel, Christian Walther, Stefan R. Schweinberger, and Gyula Kovács. "Dissociating the neural bases of repetition-priming and adaptation in the human brain for faces." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 12 (December 15, 2013): 2727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00277.2013.

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The repetition of a given stimulus leads to the attenuation of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal compared with unrepeated stimuli, a phenomenon called fMRI adaptation or repetition suppression (RS). Previous studies have related RS of the fMRI signal behaviorally both to improved performance for the repeated stimulus (priming) and to shifts of perception away from the first stimulus (adaptation-related aftereffects). Here we used identical task (sex discrimination), trial structure [ stimulus 1 (S1): 3,000 ms, interstimulus interval: 600 ms, stimulus 2 (S2): 300 ms], and

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34

ZHANG, Zhijun, Wei LIU, Yajun ZHAO, Jingshu ZHANG, and Binxing WU. "Cortical Remapping Features of Numerosity Adaptation Aftereffects." Acta Psychologica Sinica 46, no. 1 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2014.00005.

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35

Emery, Kara. "Inferring neural coding strategies from adaptation aftereffects." Journal of Vision 19, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 6d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.10.6d.

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36

Zimmer, Márta, and Gyula Kovács. "Position specificity of adaptation-related face aftereffects." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1564 (February 27, 2011): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0265.

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It has been shown that prolonged exposure to a human face leads to shape-selective visual aftereffects. It seems that these face-specific aftereffects (FAEs) have multiple components, related to the adaptation of earlier and higher level processing of visual stimuli. The largest magnitude of FAE, using long-term adaptation periods, is usually observed at the retinotopic position of the preceding adaptor stimulus. However, FAE is also detected, to a smaller degree, at other retinal positions in a spatially invariant way and this component depends less on the adaptation duration. Several lines o

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37

Takahashi, Nozomi, Chang Hong Liu, and Hiroshi Yamada. "Adaptation Aftereffects May Decipher Ophelia's Facial Expression." Perception 43, no. 12 (December 2014): 1393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7838.

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38

Zäske, Romi, Stefan R. Schweinberger, and Hideki Kawahara. "Voice aftereffects of adaptation to speaker identity." Hearing Research 268, no. 1-2 (September 2010): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2010.04.011.

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39

Kabbaligere, Rakshatha, and Charles S. Layne. "Adaptation in Gait to Body-Weight Unloading." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214494.

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Modifications in load-related sensory input during unloaded walking can lead to recalibration of the body schema and result in aftereffects. The main objective of this study was to identify the adaptive changes in gait and body-weight perception produced by unloaded walking. Gait performance during treadmill walking was assessed in 12 young participants before and after 30 min of unloaded walking (38% body weight) by measuring lower limb kinematics, temporal gait measures, and electromyography (EMG). A customized weight-perception scale was used to assess perception of body weight. Participant

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40

Morton, Susanne M., and Amy J. Bastian. "Prism Adaptation During Walking Generalizes to Reaching and Requires the Cerebellum." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (October 2004): 2497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2004.

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Adaptation of arm movements to laterally displacing prism glasses is usually highly specific to body part and movement type and is known to require the cerebellum. Here, we show that prism adaptation of walking trajectory generalizes to reaching (a different behavior involving a different body part) and that this adaptation requires the cerebellum. In experiment 1, healthy control subjects adapted to prisms during either reaching or walking and were tested for generalization to the other movement type. We recorded lateral deviations in finger endpoint position and walking direction to measure

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41

Kristjánsson, Árni. "The Functional Benefits of Tilt Adaptation." Seeing and Perceiving 24, no. 1 (2011): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847511x555283.

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AbstractMany have argued that effects of adaptation, such as aftereffects from motion or tilt, reflect that the visual system hones its responses in on the characteristics of the adapting stimulus. This view entails that on average, the discrimination of the characteristics of an adapting stimulus should become easier as viewing time increases since the variation in the response gradually adapts to the range and variation in the stimulus. Here this was tested for adaptation to tilt. Observers viewed a Gabor patch which varied in contrast from 0 to 74% at a rate of 0.6 Hz, for 4, 8, 16 or 32 s,

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42

Mack, Arien, James Hill, and Steven Kahn. "Motion Aftereffects and Retinal Motion." Perception 18, no. 5 (October 1989): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180649.

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Two experiments are described in which it was investigated whether the adaptation on which motion aftereffects (MAEs) are based is a response to retinal image motion alone or to the motion signal derived from the process which combines the image motion signal with information about eye movement (corollary discharge). In both experiments observers either fixated a stationary point or tracked a vertically moving point while a pattern (in experiment 1, a grating; in experiment 2, a random-dot pattern) drifted horizontally across the field. In the tracking condition the adapting retinal motion was

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43

Reisman, Darcy S., Robert Wityk, Kenneth Silver, and Amy J. Bastian. "Split-Belt Treadmill Adaptation Transfers to Overground Walking in Persons Poststroke." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 23, no. 7 (March 23, 2009): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968309332880.

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Background and Objective. Following stroke, subjects retain the ability to adapt interlimb symmetry on the split-belt treadmill. Critical to advancing our understanding of locomotor adaptation and its usefulness in rehabilitation is discerning whether adaptive effects observed on a treadmill transfer to walking over ground. We examined whether aftereffects following split-belt treadmill adaptation transfer to overground walking in healthy persons and those poststroke. Methods. Eleven poststroke and 11 age-matched and gender-matched healthy subjects walked over ground before and after walking o

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44

Simani, M. C., L. M. M. McGuire, and P. N. Sabes. "Visual-Shift Adaptation Is Composed of Separable Sensory and Task-Dependent Effects." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 5 (November 2007): 2827–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00290.2007.

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Visuomotor coordination requires both the accurate alignment of spatial information from different sensory streams and the ability to convert these sensory signals into accurate motor commands. Both of these processes are highly plastic, as illustrated by the rapid adaptation of goal-directed movements following exposure to shifted visual feedback. Although visual-shift adaptation is a widely used model of sensorimotor learning, the multifaceted adaptive response is typically poorly quantified. We present an approach to quantitatively characterizing both sensory and task-dependent components o

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45

Tao, Ran, Martin J. M. Lankheet, Wim A. van de Grind, and Richard J. A. van Wezel. "Velocity Dependence of the Interocular Transfer of Dynamic Motion Aftereffects." Perception 32, no. 7 (July 2003): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3442.

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It is well established that motion aftereffects (MAEs) can show interocular transfer (IOT); that is, motion adaptation in one eye can give a MAE in the other eye. Different quantification methods and different test stimuli have been shown to give different IOT magnitudes, varying from no to almost full IOT. In this study, we examine to what extent IOT of the dynamic MAE (dMAE), that is the MAE seen with a dynamic noise test pattern, varies with velocity of the adaptation stimulus. We measured strength of dMAE by a nulling method. The aftereffect induced by adaptation to a moving random-pixel a

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46

Wade, Nicholas J., Michael T. Swanston, and Charles M. M. de Weert. "On Interocular Transfer of Motion Aftereffects." Perception 22, no. 11 (November 1993): 1365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221365.

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A brief history of quantitative assessments of interocular transfer (IOT) of the motion aftereffect (MAE) is presented. Recent research indicates that the MAE occurs as a consequence of adapting detectors for relative rather than retinal motion. When gratings above and below a stationary, fixated grating are moved in an otherwise dark field the central, retinally stationary grating appears to move in the opposite direction; when tested with stationary gratings an MAE is almost entirely confined to the central grating. The IOT of such an MAE was measured in experiment 1: the display was present

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Wade, Nicholas J., and Véronique Salvano-Pardieu. "Visual motion aftereffects: Differential adaptation and test stimulation." Vision Research 38, no. 4 (February 1998): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00196-x.

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Jeffery, L., S. Petrovski, and G. Rhodes. "Adaptation to Dynamic Faces Produces Face Identity Aftereffects." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2014): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.554.

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49

Swe, Derek C., Nichola S. Burton, and Gillian Rhodes. "Are expression aftereffects fully explained by tilt adaptation?" Journal of Vision 19, no. 14 (December 23, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.14.21.

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50

Swe, Derek, Nichola Burton, and Gillian Rhodes. "Can expression aftereffects be explained by tilt adaptation?" Journal of Vision 19, no. 8 (July 2, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.8.79.

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