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Sfihi-Loualia, Ghenima. "Caractérisation de l’activité enzymatique des beta-1,2 mannosyltransférases CaBmt1 et CaBmt3, enzymes d'initiation et d’élongation de la beta-mannosylation du phosphopeptidomannane de Candida albicans". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10022/document.
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Candida albicans est une levure de la flore digestive humaine, pouvant dans certaines conditions s’avérer être un pathogène opportuniste. Différents glycoconjugués de la paroi de la levure, en particulier le phosphopeptidomannane (PPM), sont impliqués dans l’interaction hôte-pathogène notamment via des beta-1,2 oligomannosides (β-Mans) terminaux intervenant dans les mécanismes de virulence de la levure. Les travaux de thèse visent à mieux comprendre les voies de biosynthèse des β-Mans par l’étude des enzymes impliquées (CaBmts). Dans ce contexte, la première enzyme étudiée a été CaBmt1, impliquée dans l’initiation de la β-mannosylation du PPM. La stratégie d’étude a consisté d’une part en la préparation d’un panel important de substrats accepteurs potentiels et leur caractérisation structurale par spectrométrie de masse et RMN, et d’autre part à l’étude de l’activité enzymatique de Bmt1p, enzyme recombinante produite chez Pichia pastoris, en présence des substrats naturels et de substrats de synthèse. Nous avons démontré que Bmt1p était capable in vitro de transférer successivement deux résidus de mannose en β-1,2 sur un tri-ou tétramannoside lié en α-1,2. Dans la seconde partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à la caractérisation de l’activité de CaBmt3, enzyme impliquée dans l’élongation des β-Mans du PPM ; la même démarche a été retenue pour l’étude. Les résultats obtenus montrent que Bmt3p transfère in vitro un seul résidu mannose en β-1,2 sur un tétramannoside constitué d’une chaine en α-1,2 avec un mannose terminal lié en β-1,2. L’ensemble de ces travaux sont un préalable à l’élaboration de nouvelles drogues anti-fongiques ciblant la synthèse de la paroiCandida albicans is a commensal yeast present in human digestive flora; nevertheless, this opportunistic pathogen may cause severe infections. Several cell wall components including phosphopeptidomannan (PPM) are involved in C. albicans-host cells interaction especially by terminal beta-1,2 oligomannosides (β-Mans) known as implicated in the yeast virulence mechanisms. The aim of our work is to better understand biosynthetic pathways of β-Mans by the characterization of CaBmts individual activities. In this context, the first enzyme to be studied was CaBmt1, involved in the initiation of β-mannosylation of PPM. The strategy is based firstly on the preparation of a large panel of potential acceptor substrates and their structural characterization by mass spectrometry and NMR. On the other hand, the study of enzymatic activity of Bmt1p, a recombinant soluble form produced in Pichia pastoris, was performed in the presence of the natural substrates and synthetic substrates. We established that Bmt1p can sequentially transfer in vitro two -1,2-mannosyl units onto a α1-2 linked tri-or tetramannoside. The second part of this work focused on the characterization of the activity of CaBmt3, the enzyme involved in the elongation of the β-Mans chain on the PPM; the same approach was used for the study. Our results demonstrated that Bmt3p can catalyse the in vitro transfer of one -1,2-mannosyl unit onto a tetramannoside containing a terminal β-1,2-Man linked to a α(1-2)Man chain. These data are a prerequisite for the design of new potential antifungal drugs that target the biosynthesis of cell wall
2
Minaud, Étienne. "Écologie hivernale des abeilles mellifères : contribution des traits d'histoire de vie des individus et des colonies au succès d'hivernation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB024.
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Dans les régions tempérées, les basses températures et le manque de ressources florales font de l'hiver une période critique pour la survie des abeilles mellifères, Apis mellifera, qui hivernent grâce à un ensemble d'adaptations à l'échelle des individus et à l'échelle des colonies. Mais depuis plus de 30 ans, de forts taux de mortalité hivernale sont observés mondialement, questionnant la durabilité du secteur apicole et celui de nombreux systèmes agricoles dépendant du service de pollinisation. Ces mortalités sont induites par de multiples facteurs de stress biotiques et abiotiques agissant en combinaison. Cependant, nous montrons par une synthèse de littérature que leurs rôles dans les mécanismes d'effondrements restent peu documentés, soulignant un manque de connaissance sur l'écologie hivernale des abeilles mellifères. Cette lacune est en partie due au défi technique associé au suivi des abeilles en hiver, sachant que les suivis traditionnels par l'ouverture des ruches perturbent la thermorégulation sociale de la colonie. Toutefois, la démocratisation des «Information and Communications Technology» (ICT) offre désormais de nouveaux outils de suivis automatisés et peu invasifs. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les mécanismes déterminant le succès ou l'échec de l'hivernation des abeilles mellifères, par le suivi automatisé de traits d'histoire de vie des individus et des colonies. Par ailleurs, nous visons à développer des indicateurs pour prédire les effondrements des colonies en hiver et en conditions naturelles. Le développement d'un outil de mesure de la température en plusieurs points de la ruche a permis de suivre la grappe que forment les abeilles pour se protéger du froid, et ainsi d'étudier la thermorégulation sociale des colonies durant l'hiver. Cet outil a été déployé sur le terrain pour suivre des colonies disposées le long d'un gradient climatique Européen, couvrant des climats méditerranéens, océaniques et continentaux. Ces suivis ont permis d'établir des indicateurs évaluant la santé des colonies hivernantes. Basés sur l'hétérogénéité des températures au sein de la colonie, ces indicateurs distinguent les périodes de survie hivernale des périodes d'effondrement, permettant ainsi d'anticiper les mortalités. Ils permettent également de suivre la reprise de croissance en hiver en mesurant la présence et la taille du couvain, deux métriques que nous avons trouvées positivement corrélées au gradient climatique européen. En hiver, la survie de la colonie dépend de la présence d'abeilles d'hiver, correspondant aux dernières générations d'abeilles émergentes en automne. Par des suivis individuels par Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), nous montrons qu'en plus de leur longévité prolongée, les abeilles d'hiver ont plus d'activité de vol que les abeilles d'été. Leur activité de vol peut être alloué avant et après l'hiver, et nos résultats semblent indiquer que ces vols pré-hivernaux n'influencent ni la longévité, ni les performances d'activité de vol des abeilles après l'hiver. Aussi, nous montrons que seule une petite proportion d'abeilles d'hiver survit et participe aux activités de vol de la colonie au printemps, jouant ainsi un rôle crucial dans la relance de la colonie après l'hiver. Mis en contexte, nos résultats soutiennent le rôle crucial des abeilles d'hiver et de la thermoregulation sociale dans la réussite ou l'échec de l'hivernation des colonies d'abeilles mellifères. Les outils électroniques développés et les indicateurs associés permettent de dégager des perspectives appliquées pour limiter les mortalités hivernales des colonies. Nous discutons également de l'acceptation de l'apiculture de précision et montrons que les apiculteurs sont prêts à adopter ces outils électroniques, bien que des attentes supplémentaires subsistent. Enfin, nous mettons en exergue l'incertitude entourant l'avenir de l'hivernation, face aux changements climatiquesIn temperate regions, low temperatures and a lack of floral resources make winter a critical period for the survival of honey bees, Apis mellifera, which overwinter based on a set of adaptations at both individual and colony levels. But over the past 30 years, high winter mortality rates have been reported worldwide, raising questions about the sustainability of the beekeeping sector and that of many agricultural systems dependent on pollination services. These mortalities are induced by multiple biotic and abiotic stress factors acting in combination. However, we showed through a literature review that their roles in the mechanisms of colony collapse remain poorly documented, highlighting a lack of knowledge about the winter ecology of honey bees. This gap is partly due to the technical challenge associated with monitoring honey bees in winter, given that traditional monitoring techniques imply opening the hives, which disrupts the social thermoregulation of the colony. However, the democratization of "Information and Communications Technology" (ICT) now offers new automated and minimally invasive monitoring tools. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to better understand the mechanisms determining the success or failure of honey bee overwintering, through the automated monitoring of individual and colony life history traits. In addition, we aimed to develop indicators to predict colony collapse in winter and under real field conditions. We first developed a tool for measuring temperature at several points in the hive and allowing to monitor the cluster that honey bees form to protect themselves from the cold, and thus to study the social thermoregulation of colonies during winter. This tool was then deployed in the field to monitor honey bee colonies located along a European climatic gradient, covering Mediterranean, oceanic and continental climates. This monitoring provided the establishment of health indicators of wintering colonies. Based on temperature heterogeneity within the colony, these indicators distinguish the periods of winter survival and the periods of collapse, allowing the anticipation of mortalities. They also allow monitoring of the dynamics of winter brood production by measuring its presence and size, two metrics that we found positively correlated to the European climatic gradient. In winter, colony survival depends on the presence of winter bees, corresponding to the last generations of bees to emerge in autumn. By the individual monitoring by Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tracking, we showed that, in addition to their extended longevity, winter bees have more flight activity than summer bees. Their flight activity can be allocated either before or after winter, and our results suggest that these pre-winter flight activities do not affect the longevity or the flight activity performance of bees after winter. Also, we showed that only a small proportion of winter bees survive and participate in the colony flight activity in spring, suggesting a crucial role of these winter bees for the colony rebound after winter. Placed in context, our results support the crucial role of winter bees and social thermoregulation in the success or failure of honey bee colony overwintering. The electronic tools we have developed, and the associated indicators, may represent relevant applied perspectives for limiting winter colony mortality in the field. We also discuss the acceptability of precision beekeeping and show that beekeepers are ready to adopt these electronic tools, although further expectations remain. Finally, we highlight the uncertainty surrounding the future of overwintering, in the face of climate change
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Duncianu, Marius. "Réacteur à écoulement pour l’étude de la formation des aérosols organiques secondaires par ozonolyse de composés organiques volatils : développement analytique, validation cinétique et ozonolyse d’un composé biogénique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10039.
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Un réacteur à écoulement stationnaire muni d’une tête d’injection mobile a été développé au Département Chimie et Environnement de l’École des Mines de Douai afin de mieux comprendre les processus de formation d’aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) suite à l’oxydation en phase gazeuse de certaines espèces particulièrement réactives et/ou abondantes dans l’atmosphère. Il permet d'observer la formation des produits dans les premières étapes de la réaction à pression et température ambiantes, et en conditions stationnaires, contrairement aux chambres de simulation atmosphérique. Une première partie de ce travail a consisté à caractériser l’écoulement dans le réacteur, et à développer et optimiser les méthodes utilisées pour l’analyse de la phase gazeuse. Dans un second temps, le système a été validé du point de vue cinétique par l’étude de l’ozonolyse de pentènes méthylés et de l’α-pinène. Les coefficients de vitesse ont été déterminés en excès d’alcène et ont montré un bon accord avec les valeurs de la littérature. Pour l’un des alcènes, les deux voies réactionnelles attendues de dégradation ont été identifiées et quantifiées (en bon accord avec la seule étude existante), et un intermédiaire non oxydé, provenant du réarrangement d’un biradical Criegee, a pu être mis en évidence aux faibles temps de réaction. Enfin, la formation d’AOS par ozonolyse de l’α-pinène a été investiguée, avec caractérisation simultanée des concentrations en réactifs et produits en phase gazeuse (par analyseur d’ozone et TD/GC/FID-MS), de la distribution granulométrique des particules formées (par SMPS et HR-ToF-AMS), et de la composition chimique moyenne des particules (HR-ToF-AMS)A steady flow reactor equipped with a mobile injection head was developed at the Chemistry and Environment Department, Ecole des Mines de Douai, to better understand the formation processes of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) following the gas phase oxidation of certain species particularly reactive and/or abundant in the atmosphere. In contrast to atmospheric simulation chambers the flow reactor allows to observe in stationary conditions the product formation in the early stages of the reaction at ambient pressure and temperature.The foremost part of this work was to characterize the reactor flow, and to develop and optimize the methods used for the gas phase analysis. In a second stage a kinetic study of the ozonolysis of methylated pentenes and α-pinene was performed to validate the system. The rate coefficients were determined in pseudo first order conditions with excess alkene and showed a good agreement with literature values. The expected oxidation pathways were identified and quantified for one alkene (in good agreement with the only study available), and a nonoxidized intermediate coming from the rearrangement of a Criegee biradical, has been found for short reaction times. Finally, the SOA formation from α-pinene ozonolysis was investigated with simultaneous characterization of the gas phase concentrations of reactants and products (by ozone analyzer and TD/GC/FID-MS), of the particle size distribution (by SMPS and HR-ToF-AMS), and of the average chemical composition of particles (HR-ToF-AMS)
4
Duncianu, Marius. "Réacteur à écoulement pour l’étude de la formation des aérosols organiques secondaires par ozonolyse de composés organiques volatils : développement analytique, validation cinétique et ozonolyse d’un composé biogénique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10039/document.
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Un réacteur à écoulement stationnaire muni d’une tête d’injection mobile a été développé au Département Chimie et Environnement de l’École des Mines de Douai afin de mieux comprendre les processus de formation d’aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) suite à l’oxydation en phase gazeuse de certaines espèces particulièrement réactives et/ou abondantes dans l’atmosphère. Il permet d'observer la formation des produits dans les premières étapes de la réaction à pression et température ambiantes, et en conditions stationnaires, contrairement aux chambres de simulation atmosphérique. Une première partie de ce travail a consisté à caractériser l’écoulement dans le réacteur, et à développer et optimiser les méthodes utilisées pour l’analyse de la phase gazeuse. Dans un second temps, le système a été validé du point de vue cinétique par l’étude de l’ozonolyse de pentènes méthylés et de l’α-pinène. Les coefficients de vitesse ont été déterminés en excès d’alcène et ont montré un bon accord avec les valeurs de la littérature. Pour l’un des alcènes, les deux voies réactionnelles attendues de dégradation ont été identifiées et quantifiées (en bon accord avec la seule étude existante), et un intermédiaire non oxydé, provenant du réarrangement d’un biradical Criegee, a pu être mis en évidence aux faibles temps de réaction. Enfin, la formation d’AOS par ozonolyse de l’α-pinène a été investiguée, avec caractérisation simultanée des concentrations en réactifs et produits en phase gazeuse (par analyseur d’ozone et TD/GC/FID-MS), de la distribution granulométrique des particules formées (par SMPS et HR-ToF-AMS), et de la composition chimique moyenne des particules (HR-ToF-AMS)A steady flow reactor equipped with a mobile injection head was developed at the Chemistry and Environment Department, Ecole des Mines de Douai, to better understand the formation processes of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) following the gas phase oxidation of certain species particularly reactive and/or abundant in the atmosphere. In contrast to atmospheric simulation chambers the flow reactor allows to observe in stationary conditions the product formation in the early stages of the reaction at ambient pressure and temperature.The foremost part of this work was to characterize the reactor flow, and to develop and optimize the methods used for the gas phase analysis. In a second stage a kinetic study of the ozonolysis of methylated pentenes and α-pinene was performed to validate the system. The rate coefficients were determined in pseudo first order conditions with excess alkene and showed a good agreement with literature values. The expected oxidation pathways were identified and quantified for one alkene (in good agreement with the only study available), and a nonoxidized intermediate coming from the rearrangement of a Criegee biradical, has been found for short reaction times. Finally, the SOA formation from α-pinene ozonolysis was investigated with simultaneous characterization of the gas phase concentrations of reactants and products (by ozone analyzer and TD/GC/FID-MS), of the particle size distribution (by SMPS and HR-ToF-AMS), and of the average chemical composition of particles (HR-ToF-AMS)
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Foster, Philip. "L'exercice musculaire et la décompression d'altitude : application aux activités extravéhiculaires spatiales". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T002.
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Zushin, Peter-James H. "The selective effect of estrogen receptor alpha and beta on activity and social behavior in neonatal male praire voles". Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1248102221.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Biology, 2009."August, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 10/7/2009) Advisor, Bruce Cushing; Committee members, Qin Liu, Todd Blackledge; Department Chair, Monte Turner; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Brown, Joshua T. "The Energy Expenditure of Heavy Metal Drummers". TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1647.
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The purpose of this investigation is to examine the energy demand of heavy metal drummers during rehearsal in order to understand the physiological responses. This information may lead to a better understanding of energy expenditure and add to the compendium of physical activity.
The investigation consisted of eight apparently healthy 20 to 37-year-old males were recruited for this investigation. Information gathered during the drum test was average VO2, VO2peak, HR in beats per minute (bpm), metabolic equivalents (METs), and energy expenditure (EE) expressed in calories (kcals) per minute and per hour. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was used in addition to VO2 and HR values to assess physical demand. The Bruce Protocol maximal treadmill test was administered to compare the participants VO2max to their VO2peak while drumming.
The EE during the 40-minute drum test was 387.05 + 83 kcals with an estimated hourly EE of 567.33 + 111.7 kcals. VO2, VO2peak, VE, and HR was 21.4 + 4.1 ml/kg/min, 33.9 + 8.1 ml/kg/min, 63.5 + 19 L/min, and 150.4 + 13.6 bpm respectively. The average MET level reached was six. RPE was 13.8 + 1.2 and is expressed as “somewhat hard” in difficulty according to the ACSM. Those categorized as having an average level of fitness reached 50-59% of their VO2max while the two individuals categorized as having an excellent level of fitness reached 42-45% of their VO2max.
In conclusion, heavy metal drumming is a form of physical activity that is of moderate intensity and can be compared to other forms of recreational and work related physical activity.
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Gon?alves, Jacqueline Miranda. "Atividades biol?gicas e composi??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais de Achyrocline satureoides (Lam) DC. e Ageratum conyzoides L. encontradas no semi?rido baiano". Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/283.
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Essential oils are complex mixtures of various isolates of plant secondary metabolites. Due to the increased use of these aromatic compounds, research has been developed, and the development of new products. This study analyzed the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities in addition to the phytochemical profile of essential oils Achyrocline satureoides and Ageratum conyzoides. The micro-organisms most sensitive to oils were Staphylococcus aureus CCMB 262 and Candida kruzei CCMB 287. The essential oil of A. conyzoides was considered non-toxic in the tested conditions. In the assessment of the immune response induced by oils, although they were not statistically significant differences between the concentrations tested and control, it was observed that the essential oils inhibited the production of IL-8 and IL-12 cytokines with exception of the species A. satureoides at a concentration of 100 mg / mL. This behavior may suggest the capacity reduction of the inflammatory response. The chromatographic analysis of essential oils of A. satureoides demonstrated a chemical profile consistent with the literature where the major components were ?-Pinene, E-caryophyllene, ?-copaene, ?-humulene, d-cadinene. Since the analysis of oils A. conyzoides showed conflicting results in the literature which suggests a new chemotype, since the presence of precocenos the chemical analysis was not observed.
Os ?leos essenciais s?o misturas complexas de metab?litos secund?rios isolados de diversas plantas. Devido ao aumento do uso destes compostos arom?ticos, pesquisas v?m sendo desenvolvidas, al?m do desenvolvimento de novos produtos. O presente trabalho analisou as atividades antimicrobiana, citot?xica e imunomoduladora, al?m do perfil fitoqu?mico de ?leos essenciais de Achyrocline satureoides e Ageratum conyzoides. Os micro-organismos mais sens?veis aos ?leos foram Staphylococcus aureus CCMB 262 e Candida kruzei CCMB 287. O ?leo essencial de A. conyzoides foi considerado at?xico nas condi??es testadas. Em rela??o ? avalia??o da resposta imune induzida pelos ?leos, apesar de n?o terem sido encontradas diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre as concentra??es testadas e o controle, p?de-se observar que os ?leos essenciais inibiram a produ??o das citocinas IL-8 e IL-12, com exce??o da esp?cie A. satureoides na concentra??o de 100 ?g/mL. Este comportamento pode sugerir a capacidade de redu??o da resposta inflamat?ria. As an?lises cromatogr?ficas dos ?leos essenciais de A. satureoides demonstrou um perfil qu?mico em concord?ncia com a literatura onde os componentes majorit?rios foram ?-Pineno, E-Cariofileno, ?-Copaeno, ?-Humuleno, d-Cadineno. J? as an?lises dos ?leos de A. conyzoides apresentou resultados divergentes da literatura o que nos sugere um novo quimiotipo, uma vez que n?o foi observada a presen?a de precocenos nas an?lises qu?micas.
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Luong, Huu Thanh, Thuy Nga Vu, Thi Thuy Ha, Kieu Bang Tam Nguyen y Thi Hong Van Dao. "Effects of some microelements on antifungal activity and biomass of the Actinomyces producing Validamycin-A". Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33068.
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Validamycin A (Val-A) is an aminoglycoside's antibiotic with anti-fungal activity. Val-A synthesized by Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain depending on the growth and development of this actinomyces. In this study, the effects of Mn and Zn on the antifungal activity and biomass of the Streptomyces hygroscopicus were conducted. The results showed that micronutrients Mn, Zn had significant effects on biomass as well as antifungal activity of strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus- DA15. With the addition of Mn at a concentration of 1μg/l of the nutrient medium, biomass of Streptomyces hygroscopicus was 2.85±0.02g/ml, the anti-fungal Rhizoctoniasolani (R. solani) round diameter reached 3.5±0.2cm. With the addition of Zn=3μg/l of the nutrient medium, biomass of Streptomyces hygroscopicus DA15 was 4.5±0.02g/ml, the anti-fungal R. solani round diameter reached 3.4±0.2cm.Validamycin A (val-A) là một loại kháng sinh có khả năng kháng nấm, được tổng hợp bởi xạ khuẩn Streptomyces hygroscopicus và phụ thuộc vào quá trình sinh trưởng, phát triển của xạ khuẩn. Bài báo này đánh giá ảnh hưởng của nguyên tố vi lượng Mn, Zn đến hoạt tính kháng nấm Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) và sinh khối của chủng Streptomyces hygroscopicus DA15. Khi bổ sung Mn vào môi trường nuôi cấy với nồng độ 1μg/l, sinh khối của Streptomyces hygroscopicus- DA15 đạt 2,85±0,02g/ml, đường kính vòng kháng nấm đạt 3,5±0,2cm. Bổ sung Zn vào môi trường nuôi cấy với hàm lượng Zn=3μg/l, sinh khối của Streptomyces hygroscopicus DA15 đạt 4,5±0,02g/ml và đường kính vòng kháng nấm đạt 3,4±0,2cm.
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Eliason, Gabriella. "Sceletal muscle characteristics and physical activity patterns in COPD". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12341.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Besides abnormities within the respiratory system COPD is also associated with effects outside the lungs, so called systemic effects. One systemic effect that has been highlighted is skeletal muscle dysfunction which has also been associated with reduced exercise capacity. Apart from changes in muscle morphology, low levels of physical activity have also been suggested as a plausible mediator of reduced exercise capacity in COPD. The aim of this thesis was to study muscle morphology and physical activity patterns in patients with different degrees of COPD and to examine the associations between muscle morphology, physical activity and exercise capacity in these patients. Skeletal muscle morphology was found to shift towards a more glycolytic muscle profile in COPD patients and changes in muscle morphology were found to be correlated to disease severity and to exercise capacity. Muscle capillarization was also found to be lower in COPD compared with healthy subjects and to be correlated to disease severity and exercise capacity. When studying signalling pathways involved in muscle capillarization, an overexpression of VHL was found in patients with mild and moderate COPD compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, COPD patients were found to be less physically active compared with healthy subjects and the level of physical activity was associated with exercise capacity.In conclusion, changes in skeletal muscle morphology and low levels of physical activity are present in COPD patients and may partly explain the lower exercise capacity observed in these patients. The more glycolytic muscle profile in COPD is suggested to be mediated by hypoxia and low levels of physical activity in this patient group. Furthermore, increased levels of VHL may lead to impaired transduction of the hypoxic signalling pathway, which may contribute to the decreased muscle capillarization observed in COPD.
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Gibert, Jean-François. "La temps volé à l'enfance et à l'institution scolaire : éloge du mouvement". Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080654.
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L'institution scolaire herite des retombees de l'evolution des conditions de vie, de circulation et d'echange, caracterisees par un eclatement du temps et de l'espace. Les consequences negatives du volontarisme programmateur qui bouleverse le temps, transforme le corps en instrument et contratie la production autonome de conduites, en sont renforcees. Le traitement social et institutionnel de cette maladie du temps, illustre par le "phenomene rythmes de vie", presente un aspect mystificateur. Pour l'essentiel, il consacre l'instauration de moments parfaitement dissocies. En revanche, l'etude des manifestations corporelle laisse entrevoir des rythmicites infradiennes, circadiennes et ultradiennes. Elles soulignent egalement combien le mouvement est pourvoyeur de ruses et parole d'insurrection. Le mouvement a mauvaise presse, il est banni et assigne. A cet egard, "oser prendre en compte le mouvement dans l'acte pedagogique quotidien" peut constituer un pole sedatif aux tendances reifiantes qui hantent les pratiques scolaires. Quelles peuvent en etre les conditions du point de vue de la formation des instituteurs?The school institution is dependent on the evolution of life conditions, traffic and exchange, which are characterized by the explosion of time and space. The consequence is that the negative effects of the programming voluntarism which is upsetting time, turning the body into an instrument and intertering with the production of self-sufficient behaviour, are reinforced. The social and institutional treatment of this disease of time, illustrated by the "life rhythm phenomenon", presents a deceptive aspect. Essentialy, it establishes moments that are perfectly dissociated. On the other hand, the study of bodily manifestation reveals infradian, circadian and ultradian rhythmicities. They also emphasize how much movement is a supplier of tricks and a voice of rebellion. Movement has a bad press; it is banned and assigned to a space. In this respect, "to venture and take account of movement in one's daily pedagogical action" may have a sedative effect on the crippling tendencies which govern school practices
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Zushin, Peter-James H. "The Selective Effect of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Beta on Activity and Social Behavior in Neonatal Male Prairie Voles". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1248102221.
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Böhringer, Martin. "Adaption von Web 2.0-Mustern in Organisationen". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-83776.
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Das Internet ist ein riesiger Experimentierkasten für neue Anwendungssysteme. Potenziell enthält insbesondere das sogenannte Web 2.0 Ideen und Mechanismen, die auch im Organisationsumfeld die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Mitarbeitern unterstützen können. Ein jüngstes Beispiel hierfür sind die von Facebook bekannten Activity Streams. Fraglich ist nun, wie eine Adaption dieses Web 2.0-Vorbilds in Organisationen auszugestalten ist. Hierfür ist zu klären, welcher Anwendungsfall von Activity Streams abgedeckt werden kann, welche Anforderungen hieraus sowie aus dem allgemeinen organisationalen Kontext entstehen und wie schließlich ein entsprechendes Anwendungssystem zu konzipieren ist. Die Arbeit zielt auf die Beantwortung dieser Fragestellungen in Form eines Fachkonzepts, welches anschließend durch eine prototypische Implementierung sowie die Durchführung von Fallstudien in realen Einsatzszenarien Anwendung findet.
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Bilgic, Akif. "Zusammenspiel von Corporate Performance Management, business intelligence und business activity monitoring". Hamburg Diplomica-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987561170/04.
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Bilgic, Akif. "Zusammenspiel von Corporate Performance Management, Business Intelligence und Business Activity Monitoring /". Hamburg : Diplomica Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987561170/04.
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Guéron, David. "Modélisation d'activités et agrégation de profils de vol". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30044.
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L'agrégation d'activités pour l'identification de catégories de comportements est un enjeu majeur de tous les systèmes socio-techniques complexes actuels. La question clé consiste à réaliser une synthèse de façons de faire (ou praxies) intégrant la variabilité des opérateurs humains impliqués. Dans un cadre aéronautique, l'agrégation d'activités de pilotage vise à accélérer la détermination de procédures améliorant la sécurité des vols et l'efficacité des missions ; elle repose sur les données objectives des paramètres enregistrés des phases de vol significatives et se structure grâce à une interprétation experte. Un modèle d’Agrégation Supervisée : - décomposition, - maïeutique, - reconstruction, est ainsi établi dans cette thèse. Le cœur en est la 2e étape qui généralise et enrichit le concept de « moyenne » classique des approches probabilistes : une base d'apprentissage, constituée d'activités déterminées et caractérisées par l'interprétation experte, est utilisée pour identifier les motifs significatifs de paramètres enregistrés, c'est à dire les praxies qui agrègent donc les éléments essentiels des activités. Ceux-ci sont choisis au sein d'un ensemble de motifs paramétrables génériques, dont les divers seuils sont ajustés de manière incrémentale. Les motifs sont alors évalués selon les deux critères intrinsèques de cohérence et de pertinence de leurs seuils, ainsi que le critère extrinsèque de la conformité des résultats obtenus par leur utilisation aux vols de la base d'apprentissage. Peuvent à ce niveau se faire jour des groupements parmi les éléments de la base d'apprentissage, selon les motifs rendant compte des activités particulières. L'expertise doit également être généralisable pour permettre l'étude de plusieurs points-clé dans cette étape maïeutique.Ce modèle générique définit une activité comme une structure formelle de praxies, et ouvre la voie à un enrichissement de la 3e étape intégrant la multiplicité des rôles des opérateursAggregating activities in order to identify categories of behaviour is a major topic of actual complex socio-technical systems. The key issue lies in incorporating the variability of implied human operators in the synthesis of ways of doing (or praxis). Aggregation of piloting activities is directed to allow a faster and more secure determination of procedures enhancing flight security and mission efficiency; it is based on the objective data of flight parameters recorded during significant flight phases, and is carried under thorough expert interpretation.A Supervised Aggregation model, consisting in the 3 steps of 1) decomposition, 2) maieutics, and 3) reconstruction, is thus devised in the present PhD. At the heart of this aggregation process, the 2nd maieutic step generalizes and enriches the usual concept of ''mean'', deeply related to probabilistic approaches: a set of activities analyzed and characterized by the expert, the learning basis, is related to significant patterns in the lot of recorded flight parameter values, in other words the praxis resulting of the aggregation of the activities. The patterns are selected from a collection of customizable generic patterns, whose thresholds are incrementally adjusted using the learning basis. The obtained patterns are then assessed according to the three criteria of 1) coherence and 2) likelihood of the thresholds, as well as the 3) conformity of these patterns used on the learning basis. At this stage, groups among the studied behaviours might emerge, gathering those for which an activity would be depicted by similar patterns. Expert-knowledge must be generalized in order to perform the joint analysis of several key points in this maieutic step.This generic model defines an activity as a formal structure of praxis, paving the way towards the further developments of the process, through the enrichment of the 3rd step, incorporating the multiplicity of operating roles
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Smirnov, Sergey, Farahani Armin Zamani y Mathias Weske. "State propagation in abstracted business processes". Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5148/.
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Business process models are abstractions of concrete operational procedures that occur in the daily business of organizations. To cope with the complexity of these models, business process model abstraction has been introduced recently. Its goal is to derive from a detailed process model several abstract models that provide a high-level understanding of the process. While techniques for constructing abstract models are reported in the literature, little is known about the relationships between process instances and abstract models.
In this paper we show how the state of an abstract activity can be calculated from the states of related, detailed process activities as they happen. The approach uses activity state propagation. With state uniqueness and state transition correctness we introduce formal properties that improve the understanding of state propagation. Algorithms to check these properties are devised. Finally, we use behavioral profiles to identify and classify behavioral inconsistencies in abstract process models that might occur, once activity state propagation is used.Geschäftsprozessmodelle sind Abstraktionen konkreter operationaler Vorgänge, die im täglichen Geschäftsablauf von Organisationen auftreten. Um die Komplexität solcher Modelle zu bewältigen, wurde die Geschäftsprozessmodelabstraktion eingeführt. Ziel ist dabei, von einem detaillierten Prozessmodel mehrere abstrakte Modelle abzuleiten, um so auf einer höheren Abstraktionsstufe ein Verständnis für den Prozess zu bekommen. Während viel in der Literatur über Techniken zur Konstruktion abstrakter Modelle berichtet wurde, ist wenig über die Beziehungen zwischen Prozessinstanzen und abstrakten Modellen bekannt. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, wie der Zustand einer abstrakten Aktivität aus den Zuständen ihrer entsprechenden detaillierten Prozessaktivitäten zur Laufzeit berechnet werden kann. Der Ansatz basiert dabei auf der Übertragung des Aktivitätszustands. Mit der Zustandseindeutigkeit und der Korrektheit der Zustandstransitionen führen wir formale Kriterien ein, die das Verständnis der Zustandsübertragung erleichtern. Zudem sind Algorithmen entwickelt worden, um diese Kriterien zu überprüfen. Außerdem nutzen wir Verhaltensprofile um Inkonsistenzen im Verhalten abstrakter Prozessmodelle zu identifizieren und zu klassifizieren, die auftreten können, wenn die Aktivitätszustände gemäß den Regeln abgebildet werden.
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Winklmeier, Andreas. "Rolle der Transkription und Aktivität von MIA ("Melanoma Inhibitory Activity") im malignen Melanom". kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1301/.
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Crona, Anna-Karin y Elin Lagerstedt. "Faktoter som påverkar valet av fritidsaktiviteter efter stroke : En intervjustudie med sju personer som drabbats av stroke". Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-684.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad som påverkar valet av fritidsaktiviteter hos personer som haft stroke och på vilket sätt fritidsaktiviteterna har förändrats. För att uppnå syftet valdes kvalitativa intervjuer som metod. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och utgick från en egengjord intervjuguide. Resultatet visade att utmaningen, gemenskapen, fysisk träning, självständighet, balans i vardagen, livssynen och rehabiliteringsteamet var faktorer som påverkade deltagarnas utförande av fritidsaktiviteter. Att anpassa fritidsaktiviteten eller att få personligt stöd var vanligare än att anpassa den fysiska miljön.
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Mesquita, Filho Walter [UNESP]. "Determinação de horário de vôo e fatores que o influenciam, em scarabaeidae coprófagos diurnos e noturnos em Selvíria/MS". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98819.
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mesquitafilho_w_me_ilha.pdf: 1865564 bytes, checksum: 2d2aed8cb98f05de9541e5ae01637ab5 (MD5)A atividade de vôo em besouros coprófagos é de extrema importância pois é neste momento em que estes encontram seu alimento, a massa fecal, através de odores liberados por estas. O horário de vôo é importante devido à grande competição que ocorre entre as espécies. Tanto fatores abióticos quanto bióticos influenciam essa atividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o horário de vôo de e a influência de ambos os fatores na regulação deste, em área de fragmento de Mata Atlântica e pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens, na Fazenda da UNESP, em Selvíria/MS. Utilizou-se de armadilhas pitfall em ambas as áreas, iscadas com massa fecal bovina, colocadas às 7:00 h e às 18:00 h, e luminosa, localizada na área de pastagem. A coleta dos besouros coprófagos foi feita a cada 20 min, durante 24 horas, uma vez por semana, e dos dados climáticos a cada 10 min. De outubro de 2006 a março de 2007 foram coletados 14205 indivíduos, sendo 11737 em luminosa, 1635 em pitfall no pasto e 835 em pitfall na mata e identificando-se 61 espécies de besouros coprófagos. Em relação aos tipos de armadilhas utilizadas, luminosa foi mais eficiente na captura de espécies endocoprídeas que a armadilha pitfall. Em condições de alta densidade populacional a armadilha luminosa expressou de forma similar às armadilhas pitfall os padrões de vôo das espécies paracoprídeas noturnas, porém quando em baixa densidade, em função do maior número de repetições, as armadilhas pitfall foram melhores. Quanto ao período de vôo, a maioria das espécies coletadas foi de hábito noturno, este talvez determinado pelas altas temperaturas do ar reinantes durante o período diurno, das quais estas procuram escapar, em especial aquelas paracoprídeas. A intensidade luminosa foi a variável meteorológica responsável pelo início do vôo tanto em espécies noturnas endocoprídeas...
Flight activity in dung beetles is of extreme importance, for this is the time when they find their food, the dung pad, by volatiles released by them. The time of flight is important due to a high degree of competition that occurs among dung beetle species. Both abiotic and biotic factors influence this activity. The objective of this research was to determine the time of flight of dung beetles and the influence of both abiotic/biotic factors on its regulation, in a fragment of Atlantic forest and Brachiaria decumbens pasture, at the UNESP Farm, located in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Pitfall traps were used in both areas, baited with fresh bovine dung pads, at 7:00 AM and replaced by fresh ones again at 6:00 PM, and also a black light flight intercept trap in the pasture area. Trapped beetles were collected every 20 min for 24 hours straight, once a week, while climatic data were gathered every 10 min, from October 2006 until March 2007. A total of 14,205 specimens were trapped, 11,737 in the flight trap, while in pitfall traps 1,635 and 835 beetles were trapped in the pasture and fragment areas, respectively, corresponding to 61 different species. The flight trap was more efficient in trapping endocoprid species. When in high population, the flight pattern of nocturnal paracoprid beetles was equally well expressed by both trap types, while in low densities pitfall traps performed better, probably due to a larger number of replications. Most trapped species proved to be nocturnal, perhaps due to the high daily air temperatures, from which they could be avoiding, especially so for the paracoprid species. The light intensity was the meteorological factor responsible for flight initiation, in both endocoprid and paracoprid species. The flight in nocturnal endocoprid species was of short duration (ca. 80 min), probably because of their greater inability of regulating their... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Sihaib, Zakaria. "Oxidation of toluene traces in gas phase in presence of manganese-oxide based catalysts : relationship structure-activity". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1029.
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Dans la première partie de mon travail, j'ai préparé quatre catalyseurs différents à base d'oxydes de manganèse: une perovskite (LaMnO3), par voie sol-gel; un oxide simple (Mn2O3), par méthode rapide et un tamis moléculaire octahedrique (OMS-2) par deux méthodes de préparation différentes, via l'état solide (OMS) et la méthode hydrothermale (OMSh). Les propriétés physicochimiques de ces catalyseurs ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X (DRX), adsorption-désorption de N2, analyses thermogravimétriques (ATD/ATG), analyses chimiques (ICP-OES) et réduction en température programmée (H2-RTP). Leurs performances catalytiques ont été évaluées dans la réaction d’oxydation du toluène. Trois cycles catalytiques consécutifs ont été réalisés pour chaque catalyseur afin de confirmer les performances. Afin d'évaluer la stabilité des catalyseurs dans des conditions réactionnelles, les performances catalytiques ont été étudiées sur des expériences de longue durée à température constante, pendant 24 h à 25% de conversion du toluène. Des tests d'oxydation du toluène sur un catalyseur de référence, type Pd/Al2O3 contenant 0,78% en poids de Pd, ont également été effectués à des fins de comparaison. Les caractéristiques cristallines détectées dans les modèles DRX sont bien compatibles avec la formation des structures désirées. Sur la base de leur surface spécifique et de leur réductibilité à basse température, les catalyseurs ont été classés comme suit : OMSs > Mn2O3 > OMS > LaMnO3. Cette tendance est en bon accord avec les performances observées dans l'élimination catalytique du toluène. Un modèle cinétique a été proposé et un bon accord a été obtenu lors de l'ajustement avec les données expérimentales. Dans la seconde partie de mon travail, des catalyseurs LaMnO3 (LM) avec un rapport molaire acide citrique (CA) sur nitrates métalliques (Mn et La) allant de 0,5 à 2 (LM 0,5 à LM 2) ont été synthétisés par méthode sol-gel citrate, afin d'étudier l'effet du rapport de l'acide citrique sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et les performances catalytiques. Les propriétés physicochimiques de ces catalyseurs ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X (DRX), adsorption-désorption de N2 et par spectroscopie d'émission atomique de plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-AES). Sur des échantillons sélectionnés, des caractérisations supplémentaires par analyse thermogravimétrique et thermique différentielle (ATD/ATG), une réduction programmée en température par de l'hydrogène (H2-TPR) et une spectroscopie de photoélectrons X (XPS) ont été réalisées. Les résultats montrent que le rapport molaire acide citrique sur nitrates métalliques influence significativement le profil obtenu en ATD/ATG des solides non calcinés ainsi que les propriétés physico-chimiques des catalyseurs. Les caractéristiques cristallines détectées par DRX sont bien compatibles avec la formation de la phase perovskite LaMnO3. De petites caractéristiques de Mn2O3 ont été détectées dans les diagrammes de diffraction de tous les catalyseurs LM, à l'exception du rapport molaire élevé des nitrates CA / (Mn + La) (1,9 et 2,0). Inversement, des pics La2O3 sont observés pour des valeurs allant de 1,6 à 2, l'intensité la plus élevée étant détectée au rapport molaire égal à 2. Les performances catalytiques ont été évaluées dans l'oxydation du toluène en réalisant trois cycles catalytiques consécutifs pour atteindre des performances stables. Afin d'évaluer la stabilité des catalyseurs dans des conditions de réaction, des expériences à température constante ont été effectuées pendant 24 h à 17% de conversion du toluène. Les catalyseurs LM1.2, LM1.3 et LM1.5 ont montré les meilleures performances catalytiques en oxydation totale du toluène, tandis que LM1 et LM1.7 présentaient un comportement intermédiaire et LM0.8 était peu actifIn the first part of my work, I have prepared four different catalysts based on manganese oxides: a perovskite (LaMnO3), via sol-gel method; a simple oxide (Mn2O3), by rapid method and an Octahedral Molecular Sieve (OMS-2) by two different preparation methods, via solid state (OMSs) and hydrothermal method (OMSh). The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, TGA/DTA, ICP-OES and H2-TPR. Their catalytic performances were evaluated in the oxidation of toluene. Three consecutive catalytic cycles were performed for each catalyst in order to reach steady state performances. In order to assess the stability of the catalysts under reaction conditions, the catalytic performances were studied upon long-term experiments running for 24 h at 25% of toluene conversion. Tests of toluene oxidation over a typical industrial catalyst, such as a commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst containing 0.78 wt% Pd, were also performed for comparison purposes. The crystalline features detected in the XRD patterns are well consistent with the formation of the desired structures. Based on their specific surface area and their low-temperature reducibility, the catalysts were ranked as follows: OMSs> Mn2O3> OMSh> LaMnO3. This trend was in good agreement with the performances observed in the catalytic removal of toluene. A kinetic model was proposed and a good agreement was obtained upon fitting with the experimental data. In the second part of my work, LaMnO3 (LM) catalysts with molar ratio of citric acid (CA) to metal nitrates (Mn and La) ranging from 0.5 to 2 (LM 0.5 to LM 2) were synthesized by citrate sol–gel method, in order to study effect of citric acid ratio on the physico-chemical properties and the catalytic performances. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption and by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Over selected samples, additional characterizations by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out. The results show that the molar ratio of citric acid to metal nitrates significantly influenced the TGA/DTA profile of gels along with the physico-chemical properties of the catalysts. The crystalline features detected by XRD are well consistent with the formation of LaMnO3 perovskite phase. Small features of Mn2O3 were detected in the diffraction patterns of all LM catalysts except for high CA/Mn+La nitrates molar ratio (1.9 and 2.0). Conversely, La2O3 peaks appeared for values ranging from 1.6 to 2, the highest intensity being detected at molar ratio equal to 2. The catalytic performances were evaluated in the oxidation of toluene, performing three consecutive catalytic cycles in order to reach steady-state performances. In order to assess the stability of the catalysts under reaction conditions, long-term experiments running for 24 h at 17 % of toluene conversion were carried out. The catalysts LM1.2, LM1.3 and LM1.5 showed the best catalytic performances in terms of toluene conversion, LM0.8 was poor performing, while LM1 and LM1.7 exhibited an intermediate behaviour
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Tatzel, Jutta. "Bedeutung von MIA (Melanoma inhibitory activity) bei der Entstehung und Progression des malignen Melanoms". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975164775.
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Molnar, Matthias [Verfasser] y Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Deutzmann. "Molekulare Funktion und Transport von MIA (Melanoma Inhibitory Activity) / Matthias Molnar ; Betreuer: Rainer Deutzmann". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112995644X/34.
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Tavares, Fábio Miguel Martins. "Custo da hora de voo : aplicação do modelo ABC à Força Aérea Portuguesa". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10862.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisApesar de existirem vários estudos que explicam o Activity-Based Costing, muito reduzido é o número daqueles que apresentam uma aplicação prática do mesmo, principalmente quando se trata de uma organização militar. A iniciativa de calcular o custo da hora de voo remonta a 1985, tendo desde então sofrido várias reformulações, estando ao momento a Diretiva 02/2004 em revisão para melhor refletir a realidade da organização. Por esse facto, como também pela necessidade de estabelecimento de um preço da hora de voo a praticar quando os serviços da FAP são requisitados e como instrumento de gestão para avaliar a eficiência de recursos humanos e materiais, houve a necessidade de estudar este tema, aplicando um método recente e inovador como o ABC, em que são definidas atividades como principais elementos de consumo dos recursos de uma organização. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a aplicação do ABC na Força Aérea Portuguesa, passando pela implementação prática à Base Aérea nº6, unidade aérea que suporta um número significativo de diferentes aeronaves. Os resultados apontam para um melhor custeio dos produtos, principalmente por não apenas alocar os custos diretos, mas também distribuir os custos indiretos da BA 6, custos de apoio importantes na sustentação e manutenção de um alerta constante como é exigido à FAP.
Although there is a wide range of studies explaining Activity-Based Costing, only a few have a practical application, even more when there is a military organisation involved. The initiative of calculating the cost per flight hour has begun in 1985, however it has suffered some changes over the years, and at this moment the Directive 02/2004 is under revision to better reflect the reality of the organization. By that fact, but also the need for establishing a price per flight hour when the Air Force services are needed and as a management instrument to evaluate the efficiency of human resources and materials, there was a need to study this theme, applying a recent and innovative method as ABC, where activities are the main elements in consuming the resources of an organization. Therefore, the main objective of this investigation is to apply ABC to the Portuguese Air Force, by implementing it to the Air Base number 6, one of the air units that support a significant number of different airplanes. The results show a better product costing, especially because it is take in account not only direct costs but also the distribution of indirect costs, support costs that are very important in sustaining and maintaining a constant alert state as it is required to the Portuguese Air Force.
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Starkoff, Brooke E. "Children Active To Stay Healthy (CASH): Exercise as a Tool for Reducing Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk in Sedentary, Pubescent Adolescents With Obesity". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366021918.
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D'Urso, Carmelo. "La Prescrizione dell esercizio fisico nel diabete di tipo 2". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1045.
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Gli effetti benefici dell attività fisica sulla salute ed il benessere dell individuo sono stati messi in evidenza da numerose osservazioni sperimentali e studi scientifici.
Recentemente, è stato dimostrato che anche un attività fisica moderata, quale ad esempio il cammino a passo svelto, riduce in maniera simile all attività intensa la morbilità cardiovascolare, indipendentemente dall età e dal peso dell individuo.
Le modificazioni metaboliche che avvengono nel corso dell attività fisica sono legate all azione degli ormoni glucoregolatori, ed in particolare dell insulina. La riduzione dei livelli insulinemici consente l utilizzazione muscolare dei subtrati energetici, senza che i livelli glicemici si riducano a valori non compatibili con una normale funzione cerebrale.
La prescrizione dell attività fisica presenta notevoli aspetti critici per la presenza di diverse difficoltà oggettive (mancanza di conoscenze specifiche, mancanza di tempo da parte del medico nel suggerirla come terapia, scarsa motivazione da parte del diabetico, ecc.).
Il lavoro in team pertanto diventa sempre più indispensabile per il raggiungimento in tempi brevi degli obiettivi terapeutici.
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Burkhardt, Natalie [Verfasser] y Ioannis [Akademischer Betreuer] Mylonas. "Vergleich der Serumkonzentrationen von Inhibin und Activin vor und nach adjuvanter Chemotherapie bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom / Natalie Burkhardt. Betreuer: Ioannis Mylonas". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081899719/34.
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Sams, Katharine. "Adam von Trott zu Solz' early life and political initiatives in the summer of 1939". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59426.
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Adam von Trott zu Solz was a participant in the German resistance to Hitler and to the National Socialist government. This thesis will describe his early life, his education and his political formation. Trott's foreign policy initiatives in England and his efforts to reactivate plans for a coup d'etat during the summer of 1939 will be examined.
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Song, Ji-hyeon. "Control and characterization of biomass activity and distribution in vapor-phase bioreactors for VOC removal /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008448.
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Trofe, Aurelio <1985>. "Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (pemfs) on muscle activity, tissue oxygenation and vo2 during exercise". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10447/1/EFFECT%20OF%20PULSED%20ELECTROMAGNETIC%20FIELDS%20%28PEMFS%29%20ON%20MUSCLE%20ACTIVITY%2C%20TISSUE%20OXYGENATION%20AND%20VO2%20DURING%20EXERCISE..pdf.
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PEMF are a medical and non-invasive therapy successfully used for clinical treatments of bone disease, due to the piezoelectric effect that improve bone mass and density, by the stimulation of osteoblastogenesis, with modulation of calcium storages and mineral metabolism. PEMF enhance tissue oxygenation, microcirculation and angiogenesis, in rats and cells erythrocytes, in cells-free assay. Such responses could be caused by a modulation of nitric oxide signal and interaction between PEMF and Ca2+/NO/cGMP/PKG signal. PEMF improve blood flow velocity of smallest vein without changing their diameter. PEMF therapy helpful in patients with diabetes, due to increased microcirculation trough enhance capillary blood velocity and diameter. We investigated the influence of stimulation on muscular activity, tissue oxygenation and pulmonary VO2, during exercise, on different intensity, as heavy or moderate, different subjects, as a athlete or sedentary, and different sport activity, as a cycling or weightlifting. In athletes, we observed a tendency for a greater change and a faster kinetic of HHb concentration. PEMF increased the velocity and the quantity of muscle O2 available, leading to accelerate the HHb kinetics. Stimulation induced a bulk muscle O2 availability and a greater muscle O2 extraction, leading to a reduced time delay of the HHb slow component. Stimulation increased the amplitude of muscle activity under different conditions, likely caused by the effect of PEMF on contraction mechanism of muscular fibers, by the change of membrane permeability and Ca2+ channel conduction. In athletes, we observed an increase of overall activity during warm-up. In sedentary people, stimulation increased the magnitude of muscle activity during moderate constant-load exercise and warm-up. In athletes and weightlifters, stimulation caused an increase of blood lactate concentration during exercise, confirming a possible influence of stimulation on muscle activity and on glycolytic metabolism of type-II muscular fibers.
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Miska-Schramm, Agata. "Impact of different doses of copper and aluminium on development, reproductive activity and reproductive behavior in bank vole". Praca doktorska, 2015. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/45133.
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Schulz, Christian [Verfasser]. "Forecasting economic activity for Estonia / von Christian Schulz". 2008. http://d-nb.info/991700775/34.
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Verdugo, Olivares Miguel Anibal. "The star formation activity from the centers to the outskirts in intermediate redshift clusters". Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B46C-5.
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Peyker, Anna [Verfasser]. "Spatial regulation of Ras activity / vorgelegt von Anna Peyker". 2006. http://d-nb.info/980142636/34.
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Jakubek, Tomasz. "Nanostructuration of manganese oxides by alkali cations towards higher activity in catalytic oxidation of soot and volatile organic compounds". Praca doktorska, 2019. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/87104.
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Głównym celem pracy doktorskiej było opracowanie katalizatora do niskotemperaturowego spalania sadzy oraz lotnych związków organicznych o efektywności działania konkurującej z obecnie stosowanymi układami komercyjnymi. Hipoteza badawcza sprawdzana w ramach projektu doktorskiego, opierała się na koncepcji, iż poprzez zaproponowane modyfikacje strukturalne (nanostrukturyzacja jonami metali alkalicznych) i powierzchniowe (dekoracja nanocząstkami metali szlachetnych) tlenków manganu można w znaczący sposób zoptymalizowad najistotniejsze parametry użytkowe katalizatora. W szczególności koncentrowano się na zmianach: właściwości elektrodonorowych (aktywacja tlenu na drodze transferu elektronu), mobilności tlenu sieciowego (ułatwienie działania mechanizmu Marsa-van Krevelena) oraz stabilności termicznej (zapewnienie wysokiej aktywności w czasie). Opracowanie docelowego układu katalitycznego realizowano w następujących etapach: I. Określenie zmian strukturalnych pod wpływem wprowadzenia jonów potasu do struktury tlenku manganu (nanostrukturyzacja), II. Określenie wpływu poszczególnych kationów grupy I (A = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ oraz Cs+) na właściwości katalityczne birnesytu (AMn4O8) oraz kryptomelanu (AMn8O16) w reakcjach utleniania sadzy oraz lotnych związków organicznych (metan, propan), III. Funkcjonalizacja nanocząstkami metali szlachetnych (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) nanostrukturalnych faz tlenków mieszanych (K-Mn-O) w celu rozszerzenia ich aktywności katalitycznej na utlenianie lotnych związków organicznych. Do charakterystyki przygotowanych układów katalitycznych wykorzystano szeroki wachlarz metod eksperymentalnych: do określenia składu pierwiastkowego (XRF, XPS), fazowego (XRD, RS), morfologii (SEM, TEM), powierzchni (N2-BET, XPS), oraz stabilności termicznej i aktywności w spalaniu sadzy i lotnych związków organicznych (TPR, TGA/DTA, TPO). Istotnym dla określenia mechanizmów reakcji utleniania były badania właściwości elektrodonorowych powierzchni (pomiary pracy wyjścia metodą Kelvina) oraz termicznej desorpcji potasu (SR-TAD). Początkowe badania dotyczące modyfikacji struktury tlenku manganu alkaliami wykazały, że tworzenie nanostrukturyzowanych faz zwiększa aktywnośd katalityczną w procesie dopalania sadzy. Otrzymane fazy o strukturze warstwowej (birnesyt) oraz tunelowej (kryptomelan) zawdzięczają swoją wysoką aktywnośd ukierunkowanej mobilności potasu (desorpcja kierunkowana warstwami lub tunelami, możliwośd desorpcji w wysokoenergetycznych formach atomów Rydberga), korzystnej morfologii (nanopręty kryptomelanu) oraz zwiększonej aktywności manganowych centrów redoksowych (wykorzystanie tlenu sieciowego w mechanizmie Marsa-van Krevelena). Korzystny efekt promocji potasem wykazano zarówno dla promocji powierzchniowej, jak i strukturalnej [Publikacje I, II, III]. Publikację IV poświęcono zbadaniu efektu desorpcji potasu z powierzchni kryptomelanu, wykazująd desorpcję zarówno w formie atomowej, jonowej jak również wysokoenergetycznych stanów Rydberga. Publikacja V dotyczyła termicznej transformacji birnesytu do kryptomelanu, powodując powstanie fazy o większej aktywności w luźnym kontakcie z sadzą. Jak wykazano w publikacjach VI oraz VII wprowadzenie różnych kationów I grupy ma znaczący wpływ na strukturę birnesytu oraz kryptomelanu. Wprowadzenie poszczególnych kationów grupy I do tunelowej struktury kryptomelanu powodowało obniżenie zarówno pracy wyjścia, jak i temperatury spalania sadzy. Pozwoliło to na określenie mechanizmu inicjacji reakcji spalania, jako aktywacji tlenu na drodze transferu elektronu z powierzchni katalizatora [Publikacja VI]. Dla birnesytu, wprowadzenie kationów grupy I również powodowało obniżenie pracy wyjścia zgodnie z szeregiem energii jonizacji, jednak korelacja pracy wyjścia z aktywnością katalityczną była w tym przypadku odwrócona. Dla serii birnesytowej aktywnośd katalityczną powiązano bezpośrednio z ilością tlenu sieciowego desorbującego z materiału w oknie temperaturowym reakcji (mechanizm Marsavan Krevelena) [Publikacja VII]. Stwierdzono, że promocja powierzchniowa nanocząstkami platyny znacząco poprawia aktywnośd w reakcjach dopalania lotnych związków organicznych *Publikacja VII], podczas gdy wprowadzenie nanocząstek srebra oraz palladu poprawia aktywnośd w dopalaniu sadzy [Publikacje VI - VIII]. Kompleksowe badania wykonane podczas pracy doktorskiej pozwoliły na ustalenie różnych mechanizmów utleniania sadzy oraz lotnych związków organicznych dla birnesytu oraz kryptomelanu. Otrzymane wyniki wskazały możliwości funkcjonalizacji tlenków manganu w kierunku wysokiej aktywności katalitycznej poprzez nanostrukturyzacje alkaliami (wzrost aktywności w dopalaniu sadzy) oraz dekoracje nanocząstkami metali szlachetnych (wzrost aktywności w dopalaniu lotnych związków organicznych). Najaktywniejsze układy pozwoliły na obniżenie temperatury spalania sadzy o 300°C (Ag/KMn8O16, Pd/KMn4O8) oraz lotnych związków organicznych (CH4 i C3H8) w 350 - 400°C (Pt/KMn8O16).The main aim of the doctoral thesis was to design a catalyst for the lowtemperature combustion of soot and volatile organic compounds with efficiency competing with the currently used commercial systems. The research hypothesis tested in this work was based on the idea, that through the proposed structural (nanostructuration with alkali metal ions) and surface (decoration with noble metal nanoparticles) modifications of manganese oxides, the most important parameters for catalyst performance can be significantly optimized. In particular, the main focus was on the changes in electrodonor properties (activation of oxygen through electron transfer), lattice oxygen mobility (facilitation of the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism) as well as thermal stability (ensuring high activity over time). The development of the target catalytic system was carried out in the following stages: I. Determination of structural changes caused by the introduction of potassium ions into the manganese oxide structure (nanostructuration), II. Determination of the discrete influence of group I cations (A = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+) on the catalytic properties of birnessite (AMn4O8) and cryptomelane (AMn8O16) in the reactions of soot and volatile organic compound (methane, propane) oxidation, III. Functionalization with precious metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) of mixed-oxide nanostructured phases (K-Mn-O) to extend their catalytic activity in volatile organic compound oxidation. A wide range of experimental methods were used to characterize the prepared catalytic systems: to determine the elemental composition (XRF, XPS), phase (XRD, RS), morphology (SEM, TEM), surface (N2-BET, XPS), thermal stability and activity in soot and volatile organic compound oxidation (TPR, TGA/DTA and TPO). An important factor in determining the mechanisms of the oxidation reactions were the investigations of electrodonor properties of the catalyst surface (work function through the Kelvin method) as well as the thermal desorption of potassium (SR-TAD). Initial studies on the modification of the structure of manganese oxides with alkali showed that the formation of nanostructured phases increases catalytic activity in soot combustion. The prepared layered (birnessite) and tunnelled (cryptomelane) structures owe their high activity to the directed potassium mobility (desorption directed by layers or tunnels, the possibility of high energy Rydberg atom desorption), favourable morphology (cryptomelane nanorods) and the increased activity of manganese redox centers (use of lattice oxygen in the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism). The beneficial effect of potassium promotion was demonstrated for both surface and structural promotion [Papers I, II, III]. The fourth Paper is devoted to investigating the effect of potassium desorption from the surface of cryptomelane, showing desorption in both atomic and ionic potassium forms as well as the high energy Rydberg species. The topic of Paper V was the thermal transformation of birnessite to cryptomelane, resulting in a phase with greater activity in loose contact with soot. As shown in Papers VI and VII, the introduction of different group I cations has a significant effect on the structure of birnessite and cryptomelane. The introduction of individual group I cations into the tunnel structure of cryptomelane cause a decrease in both the work function and the temperature of soot combustion. The results established the electron transfer from catalyst surface to oxygen as the first step in the oxidation mechanism over cryptomelane-based catalysts [Paper VI]. For birnessite, the introduction of group I cations also resulted in a decrease of work function in accordance with the lowering ionization energies of the group, however, the correlation of the work function with catalytic activity was in this case reversed. For the birnessite series, the catalytic activity was directly related to the amount of lattice oxygen desorbing from the material in the temperature window of the reaction (Mars-van Krevelen mechanism) [Paper VII] It was found, that surface promotion with platinum nanoparticles significantly improves the catalytic activity during volatile organic compound oxidation [Paper VII], while the introduction of silver and palladium nanoparticles improve the activity in soot combustion [Papers VI-VIII]. The comprehensive research carried out during the doctoral thesis allowed for the establishment of the various mechanisms for the oxidation of soot and volatile organic compounds over birnessite and cryptomelane. The obtained results indicated the possibility to functionalize manganese oxides towards high catalytic activity through alkaline nanostructuration (increased activity in soot combustion) and decoration with noble metal nanoparticles (increase of activity in volatile organic compound combustion). The most active systems allowed the lowering of the temperature of soot combustion by 300°C (Ag/KMn8O16, Pd/KMn4O8) and volatile organic compounds (CH4 and C3H8) by 350 - 400°C (Pt/KMn8O16).
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Gu, Christian [Verfasser]. "Activity based protein profiling in plants / vorgelegt von Christian Gu". 2009. http://d-nb.info/100212624X/34.
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Pilon, Christyne. "Mesurer les activités du crime organisé : analyse comparative de 45 services de police du Québec en 2003". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18167.
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Schneider, Gaby [Verfasser]. "Stochastic models for near-synchronous neuronal firing activity / von Gaby Schneider". 2006. http://d-nb.info/980264987/34.
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Siegel, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Black Slate : surface alternation due to fungal activity / von Daniela Siegel". 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010318284/34.
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Meyer, Leonhard [Verfasser]. "The near infrared activity of Sagittarius A* / vorgelegt von Leonhard Meyer". 2008. http://d-nb.info/987585924/34.
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Das, Debashish [Verfasser]. "CALEB, an activity-dependent down regulated molecule / vorgelegt von Debashish Das". 2005. http://d-nb.info/974292605/34.
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Leckman, Jocelyn. "L'incidence des activités parascolaires et le vécu scolaire et personnel dans un contexte d'éducation privée pour filles". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8189.
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Solozobova, Valeriya [Verfasser]. "P53 regulation and activity in mouse embryonic stem cells / von Valeriya Solozobova". 2010. http://d-nb.info/1011109379/34.
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Hartl, Maximilian Johannes [Verfasser]. "Foamy virus enzymes : activity, regulation and resistance / vorgelegt von Maximilian Johannes Hartl". 2009. http://d-nb.info/1002078431/34.
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Schröder, Christian [Verfasser]. "Chromospheric and coronal activity in solar-like stars / vorgelegt von Christian Schröder". 2008. http://d-nb.info/990739066/34.
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Hehl, Ulrich [Verfasser]. "Embedding of synchronous spike activity in cortical networks / vorgelegt von Ulrich Hehl". 2001. http://d-nb.info/963970216/34.
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Roehm, Dietmar [Verfasser]. "Waves and words : oscillatory activity and language processing / vorgelegt von Dietmar Roehm". 2005. http://d-nb.info/975268457/34.
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Shaaban, Saad [Verfasser]. "Synthesis and biological activity of multifunctional sensor, effector catalysts / von Saad Shaaban". 2010. http://d-nb.info/101064324X/34.
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Peltason, Lisa Bertha [Verfasser]. "Systematic computational analysis of structure-activity relationships / vorgelegt von Lisa Bertha Peltason". 2009. http://d-nb.info/1003477364/34.
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Lu, Hsin y 呂昕. "The Analysis of Basic Teaching Grammar Activity in Chinese:A Study of “Practical Audio-Visual Chinese Vol. 1”". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5te3b4.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
語文與創作學系華語文教學碩士班
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Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL) places great emphasis on the purpose and manner of teaching. During the teaching process, the curriculum design and grammar activities used by teachers will directly affect the learning outcomes of the students. For front-line Chinese teachers, the primary task is to enable students to apply their language or grammar points efficiently to practical life. This thesis organizes the basic principles for the design of grammar activities in the classroom and puts forward the “Sì Huà Sān Xìng” (Four Principles and Three Characteristics) design principles of grammar activities. This article collects seventy-four grammar activities, categorizing the content into three categories: Mechanical, Semi-Communicative and Activity-Based methods. The study shows that most grammar teaching activities mainly focus on simple sentence and grammar practice, without a variety of interactive grammar activities. Therefore, this study provides a wide range of grammar teaching activity designs. Based on the activity classification, this thesis uses the book “Practical Audio-Visual Chinese Vol. 1” (PAVC1) as grammar content of activity design for Chinese beginners: According to PAVC1, a total of twelve subjects, cover the corresponding twenty-Seven Chinese grammar teaching activities, which include nine mechanical activities, eight semi-communicative activities and ten activities. Besides, this thesis uses the basic level of Chinese grammar points from PAVC1 which has twelve units to design activities. In this study, I discuss the possibility of the design of teaching grammar activities, in line with the Chinese beginners in Taiwan. The effective and fun design of basic teaching grammar activity in Chinese discussed in the study may be helpful for first-line Chinese teachers and improve the effectiveness of actual Chinese teaching.