Tesis sobre el tema "Active tectonique"
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Hsu, Shu-Kun. "Collision active à Taiwan : apports géophysique et tectonique". Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2013.
Texto completoAl, Ashkar Abeer. "Tectonique active de la région d'Oulan Bator, Mongolie : analyse morpho-tectonique et paléosismologique des failles actives de Sharkhai et Avdar". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH014/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the active tectonic of two new faults: the Sharkhai fault and the Avdar faults. Both faults were discovered in 2011 from HR satellite images at tens kilometers from the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar.Morpho-tectonic, geomorphological and paleoseismological approaches using high resolution Pleiades satellites images and field investigations allowed: 1) to map the both faults in details; 2) to describe their geometry and segmentation; 3) to identify their kinematic; 4) to document their recent activity and their seismic behavior (co-seismic and cumulated displacements, the time of the last earthquakes, slip rate). The Sharkhai fault extends 46 km with an average direction between N42°E and N72°E, and a dip between 72° and 66° either to south-east, between E106.31°/N47.352° and E106.53°/N47.485°, or sub-vertical between E106.474°/N47.473° and E106.75°/N47.57°. The fault is characterized by a linear and simple geometry. It is a left lateral strike slip with a normal vertical component. The paleoseismological investigations show evidences for three earthquakes: the EQ3 earthquake occurred before 3850±120 calBP, the EQ2 earthquake between 2400±70 calBP and 2030±40 calBP, and the most recent earthquake (MRE) between 1090±84 calBP and before the age of recent soil. The minimum return period of strong earthquakes on the fault Sharkhai is 1195 ± 157 years, which implies a maximum slip rate between 0.6±0.2 and 2.14±0.5 mm/year. Several segmentation scenarios of the fault where proposed indicating that the fault is capable to produce an earthquake of magnitude between 6 and 7. The maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA at rock) generated at Ulaanbaatar is 0.12 g, 0.28 g at the new airport, and 0.17 g at the city of Zuunmod. These values correspond to intensity between VI and X at rock sites. The Avdar fault, 47 km length, have an average orientation between N26°E and N88°E and a dip between 40° and 55°. The southwestern part of the fault is characterized by a simple and linear geometry while the architecture of the surface rupture is complex in the northeastern part. The measured offsets indicate that the fault is left lateral with a normal component. The paleoseismic trenches attest its seismic activity during the Quaternary. The fault can be divided into several segments suggesting earthquakes of a magnitude ranging from 5.8 to 7. The most important values of PGA (at rock site) would be 0.1 g at Ulaanbaatar, 0.18 g for the new airport and 0.19 g for Zuunmod city. These values indicate an intensity between VI and X. Paleoseismic trench shows that the last earthquake occurred on the fault since 5665± 85calBP. All these results should be considered in estimating the seismic hazard in the region of the capital Ulaanbaatar especially as, alone, it contains more than the half of the country population. Situated in a sedimentary basin, it is the commercial and industrial center of Mongolia and contains many vulnerable buildings. Also, the city is growing with a new airport construction near the fault Sharkhai area where the city will extend very quickly
Foroutan, Mohammad. "Tectonique active et paléosismologie des décrochements de l'Iran Central". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922358.
Texto completoSaid, Aymen. "Tectonique active de l'Atlas Sud Tunisien : approche structurale et morphotectonique". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1245/.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to the determination of the crustal geometry, kinematic history, active tectonics and seismic hazard in the Southern Tunisian Atlas (STA). It is based on the acquisition and analysis of field data (geology, geomorphology and paleoseismology), the interpretation of satellite images, the dating of morphological markers offset by active faults, the seismic interpretation and the construction of balanced cross-sections. The STA is characterized by thin skinned and thick skinned thrust structures and a lateral variation of regional deformation (structural geometry and shortening rate) controlled by NW-SE oblique ramps inherited from borders of a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic rift. The first increments of compressive deformation were recorded in the Turonian-Maastrichtian by a pro parte tectonic inversion of NW-SE and EW normal faults. Compression then has spread back from Serravalian-Tortonian into the STA, where it was manifested by fault propagation folds in the post Triassic sedimentary cover. The major Eocene "Atlas event" described in hinterland domains and in the Eastern Tunisia did not deform significantly the STA, which corresponded probably in this period to the backbulge depozone of the Maghrebides. The Gafsa fault is the longest oblique ramp of the STA structure inherited from the rift. It has a complex geometry with a decoupling between the post-Paleozoic sedimentary cover and the basement above thanks to a Triassic evaporite layer. We show that despite a moderate instrumental and historical seismicity, this fault has produced M = 6 earthquakes with a return period of ca. 500 - 5000 years during the Late Quaternary. The latest large event having produced a surface rupture on the fault occurred around 8000 years BP, suggesting a M = 6 earthquake is overdue on the fault. The fault has a minimum reverse component of slip rate of 0. 21 - 0. 34 mm / yr over the past 50 ka and paleoseismological analysis prove that rare M = 7 paleoearthquakes may be suspected. Such strong earthquakes would require the activation of the buried basement fault and its transient coseismic linkage with the overlying listric fault ramping off the décollement layer. A microseismic study is essential to support this hypothesis. The STA folds are worn by ramps which are expressed by the emerging of active thrusts. These thrusts, whose slip rates are comprised between 0. 05 and 0. 15 mm/year, have the potential to generate M = 6 earthquakes. Two significant thrusts by their size, and therefore by the magnitude that they can produce (Chotts and Métlaoui) should be the subject for detailed complementary studies
Lecocq, Thomas. "L'activité sismique en Ardenne et sa relation avec la tectonique active". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209958.
Texto completoL'activité sismique depuis 1985, date de l'installation du réseau sismique moderne en Belgique, a été étudiée en matière de localisation relative des séismes et de caractérisation de leur distribution spatiale en relation avec les mécanismes au foyer. Cette étude a été effectuée après adaptation, comparaison et évaluation de la qualité des différents algorithmes de relocalisation disponibles. Une structuration de l'Ardenne a été mise en évidence en étudiant la relation entre la distribution géographique et la profondeur d'occurrence des séismes. Différents alignements des foyers sismiques et le lien avec une structure plane ont été déterminés, par exemple dans la région de Charleroi, sous les Hautes-Fagnes ou dans la région de Manderfeld. La corrélation entre les structures de la croûte sous l'Ardenne mises en évidence par les grandes études géophysiques dans les années 70-80 et la distribution géographique des séismes illustrent le rôle important joué par la Zone Faillée de Hockai, qui limite l'Ardenne en terme de propriétés rhéologiques déduites de la profondeur des foyers sismiques. Nous montrons aussi la faiblesse de l'hypothèse affirmant que la Faille du Midi accommode la déformation actuelle dans nos régions. De même, la corrélation entre les anomalies magnétiques et gravimétriques de la croûte sous l'Ardenne a été étudiée qualitativement. Les causes et conséquences du soulèvement Cénozoïque ont été critiquées objectivement. Cette première partie permet de dessiner un cadre séismotectonique bien défini en Ardenne.
L'identification de failles actives sur le terrain en Ardenne est compliquée par le faible taux de déformation qu'elle subi. Les grands tremblements de terre sont peu fréquents et leur trace éventuelle à la surface est rapidement effacée par l'érosion et l'altération. La Zone Faillée de Hockai (ZFH), siège supposé du séisme de 1692, a été étudiée par des méthodes de prospections géophysiques le long d'un profil de 6 km sur la Crête de la Vecquée. Différentes structures ont pu être mises en évidence, certaines en lien avec la stratigraphie et d'autres avec des structures faillées orientées dans une direction similaire à celles connues pour la ZFH. Ce premier profil d'envergure donne des arguments importants pour la recherche de failles actives en lien avec la ZFH au niveau de la Crête de la Vecquée et leur lien potentiel avec la séquence de séismes de 1989-1990.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
De, La Taille Camille. "Évaluation de l’activité tectonique quaternaire des failles du Jura Méridional (France)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU029/document.
Texto completoInside the Jura Mountains, left-lateral strike-slip faults intersect the geological structures. In its southern part, these faults, from north to south, the Vuache fault, the Culoz fault and the Col du Chat fault, affect a Mesozoic sedimentary coverage distorted of 2 to 3 km thick and may be the basement. This deformation is marked by the existence of a very shallow seismicity.The first major aim of this thesis is to obtain new information about the kinematic of Quaternary faults of the southern Jura. The second aim is to answer to questions about the geometry and the rooting of the structures.To answer these questions, I realized a multidisciplinary study combining subsurface geophysical (electrical resistivity tomography), lacustrine high resolution seismic, the deployment of a seismic network dedicated to the detection of very low magnitude earthquakes, analysis of reprocessed industrial seismic profiles, and field geology (the study of the structure and deformation of Quaternary deposits). We were able to establish that these faults are active in the Quaternary.The Vuache fault is rooted in the basement, has a well-documented historical and instrumental seismicity, and affects in its southern part Quaternary sediments as shown by electrical resistivity profiles and high resolution seismic profiles illustrating the infill of Annecy Lake.The Culoz fault presents a historical and instrumental seismicity emphasizing its roots in the basement. On land, the electrical resistivity profiles illustrate the quaternary activity, in Lake Le Bourget, the fault Culoz presents at depth a flower structure while to the surface in superficial sediments, we could highlight Riedel fractures. On land, the observation of old faulted Quaternary sediments confirms its activity.The Col du Chat fault affects post-Würm filling of Lake Bourget, and seems to be associated with a deep seismicity.The three studied faults, Vuache, Culoz and Col du Chat are faults showing geometric continuity between the crystalline basement and cover. These faults were considered as transfer faults in the Jura, which was itself considered as a chain formed without the involvement of the basement. So, it seems that at present the deformation of Jura involves the basement. We can then follow the hypothesis, that as shown by the analysis of ECORS profile, that the latest strain of the Jura is an out of sequence deformation involving a basement thrust bellow the High Jura chain probably reusing boundary faults of a Carboniferous basin. This basement thrust would be the main potential source of high magnitude earthquakes in the region.Through these methods, lengths and rooting depth faults were determined. For the three faults studied an estimate of the possible moment magnitude was achieved, a Mw earthquake of 6.2 to 7.2 is possible on the Vuache fault, on the Culoz fault an earthquake of 6.4 to 6.7 can occur while as the Col du Chat fault an earthquake of magnitude Mw 5.4 to 6.1 is possible.The studied strike-slip faults have a sliding rate about tenth of a millimeter per year. In view of the in situ stresses measured in the southern Jura, the driving-force of the deformation on these faults cannot be explained only by the rotation of the Adria plate relative to Eurasia. It is therefore possible that present-day deformation is due to this rotation but also to a driving force linked to the chain itself. This driving-force could be the deflexuration of the plate following mass transfer's deglaciation and a slab break-off inducing the current uplift of the axial part of the Alps and a horizontal stress in the external parts of the chain
Amelung, Falk. "Cinématique des petits séismes et tectonique active et topographie dans la région de la baie de San Francisco". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13083.
Texto completoPathier, Erwan. "Apports de l'interférométrie radar différentielle à l'étude de la tectonique active de Taiwan". Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007464.
Texto completoBEAUDOUIN, THIERRY. "Tectonique active et sismotectonique du systeme de failles decrochantes de sulawesi central (indonesie)". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112123.
Texto completoAksoy, Murat Ersen. "Active tectonics and paleoseismology of the ganos fault segment and seismic characteristics of the 9 august 1912 Mürefte earthquake of the north anatolian fault (Western Turkey)". Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/AKSOY_Murat_Ersen_2009.pdf.
Texto completoThe North Anatolian Fault generated 9 large earthquakes (M>7) in Turkey during the last 100 years. We investigate the Ganos fault, the westernmost segment of the North Anatolian Fault that was responsible for the 9 August 1912 Mürefte earthquake (M 7. 3). The Ganos fault is exposed onland for 45 km while the rest is covered up by the Aegean and Marmara seas to the west and east respectively. The Ganos fault forms the western section of a large step-over area that corresponds to the Marmara pull-apart and experienced the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake on its east. The two ends of the 1912 and 1999 earthquake ruptures define the seismic gap in the Sea of Marmara. Geomorphic analysis along the 45-km-long onland section of the Ganos fault allowed documenting typical structures of strike slip faulting; i. E. Step-overs, pull-aparts, bends, pressure ridges, sag-ponds, offset ridges, shutter ridges and stream displacement. The onland section of the Ganos fault is expressed as ~N68°E striking linear geometry, segmented by two extensional step-overs at Gölcük and Kavak. The combined analysis of offshore and onland fault morphology suggests a minimum of 4 sub-segments limited by geometrical complexities which are from east to west, the Central Marmara basin, Ganos bend, Gölcük step-over, Kavak step-over and Saros Trough. The Saros Trough and the Central Marmara basin are the largest structural complexities along the Ganos fault and may serve as barriers to earthquake rupture propagation. Cumulative displacements determined at 69 localities and tectonic reconstructions provide insights on the long-term and short-term deformation characteristic of the Ganos fault segment. Measurements of displaced streams, ridges and partly ancient roads yield right lateral offsets ranging from 8 to 575 m. Furthermore, we suggest larger offsets from 200 to 9000 m based on reconstructions of the present-day drainage system. A classification of the stream offsets shows 8 distinct classes of cumulative slip. We used sea level fluctuation curves of the Black Sea in order to constrain the timing of high precipitations periods which can trigger channel incisions. Consecutive 5 cumulative slip groups (from 70 to 300 m) show well correlations with subsequent sea level rise periods at 4 ka, 10. 2 ka, 12. 5 ka, 14. 5 ka and 17. 5 ka. Slip rate estimations yield a constant slip rate of 17. 9 mm/yr for the last 20. 000 years and a variable slip rate of 17. 7 mm/yr, 17. 7 mm/yr, 17. 9 mm/yr and 18. 9 mm/yr for the last 10. 2 ka, 12. 5 ka, 14. 5 ka and 17. 5 ka, respectively. Paleoseismology at three sites (Güzelköy, Yeniköy and Yörgüç) showed evidence of 8 faulting events, 5 of which post-date 1043 – 835 BC and 1500 – 830 BC at Güzelköy site and Yeniköy site, respectively. A better timing was constrained for the last three events at Güzelköy which are most probably the earthquakes in (1) 1344 or 1354 (2) 1659 or 1766b and (3) 1912. We suggest two earthquake recurrence scenarios for the last historical earthquakes attributed to the Ganos fault. Scenario 1 yields an average recurrence interval of 285 ± 36 years and encompasses the 1912, 1659, 1354/1344, 824, 484 events, whereas Scenario 2 gives an average recurrence interval of 285 ± 93 years and includes the 1912, 1766, 1354/1344, 824, 484 events. Considering that earthquakes occur periodic the suitable seismic history corresponds to Scenario 1. However scenario 2 is also valid if a non-periodic earthquake occurrence is accepted. The combination of geomorphic analysis and trenching results provides slip rates for the North Anatolian Fault at the Ganos region. At Güzelköy two paleo-channels offset for 16 m and 21 m yield 22. 3 ± 0. 5 mm/yr for the last ~700 years and 26. 9 mm/yr for the last 781 years, respectively. At Yeniköy dating from the lowermost units of the 46 ± 1 m offset stream provided a maximum 17 mm/yr slip rate for the last 2840 years. The 9 August 1912 Mürefte earthquake (Ms=7. 3) struck along the Ganos fault causing severe destruction (Io = X) between Tekirdağ and Çanakkale. A second large shock occurred on 13 September 1912 (Ms = 6. 8) with an epicentral region to the west of the first main shock, giving rise to Io = VII damage west of Gaziköy and along the Gallipoli peninsula. Surface breaks have been recorded along the entire 45-km-long onland section. We determined a maximum slip of 5. 5 m that was previously suggested as 3 m (Ambraseys & Finkel et al, 1987). We extend the slip measurements of Altunel et al. , (2004) from 31 localities to 45 with a better distribution along the fault. The offset distribution indicates that a certain length of the rupture is offshore, i. E. , in the Saros bay and Sea of Marmara. 73 historical seismogram recordings have been collected for the 9 August, 10 August and 13 September 1912 shocks. Comparable pairs have been digitized using TESEO software. The modelling and deconvolution of seismic waveforms allowed retrieving a relative source time function using the 13 September and 9 August shocks and provided a source duration of 40 seconds for the 9 August earthquake. Considering a unilateral rupture propagation of 3 km/s, this duration implies rupture length of 120 km, consistent with the earthquake size (Mw 7. 4). P-wave polarities at 5 stations and field based N68°E fault strike allow us to construct the focal mechanism solution for the 9 August shock. The size of the 13 September shock requires 30 ± 10 km of surface faulting and constrains the western limit for the 120 ± 20 km long 9 August rupture. Taking into account the two events, an epicentre location in the Saros bay for the 13 September shock, the 150 ± 20 km long total rupture length would extend from Saros Trough towards east and reach the Central Marmara Basin, consistent with major geometric complexities along this section of the North Anatolian Fault. Therefore, the eastern termination of the 9 August 1912 rupture and the western termination of the 1999 earthquake rupture imply a minimum 100-km-long seismic gap in the Sea of Marmara. This fault length suggests an earthquake size M>7 that should be taken into account in any seismic hazard assessment for the Istanbul region
Moulin, Adrien. "Tectonique active à la jonction Alpes-Dinarides : morphologie quantitative, cinématique des failles et implications pour la géodynamique de la microplaque Adriatique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4370/document.
Texto completoAt the northeastern corner of the Adria microplate the Alps-Dinarides junction represents a key region to understand the interactions between the microplate and the stable Europe. While the active tectonics of the alpine part of the area is relatively well-known, few data allow characterizing the present-day deformations controlled by the microplate rotation across the Dinarides. Using a morpho-tectonic approach (field study combined to the analysis of aerial and satellite images, topographical maps and high-resolution digital elevation models) we mapped in details the active faults in the Northern Dinarides and the eastern part of the Southern Alps. Based on this mapping and geologic data forty tectonic cumulative displacements ranging from few meters to several kilometers have been identified. By determining the 36Cl exposure ages of faulted geomorphic markers and comparing it to existing chronologies the present-day rates of deformation have then been assessed. The evolution of the deformations since the Pliocene could also have been constrained revealing an Early Pliocene age for the onset of strike-slip faulting and a major kinematic change during the Middle Pleistocene. Finally the yielded faults slip-rates, especially about 3 mm/yr of right-lateral motion across the Dinarides, have been compared to existing models. That allowed proposing a kinematic model describing the Adria rotation accommodation through the relative motion of rigid lithospheric blocks and explaining the observed active deformations at their boundaries
Meghraoui, Mustapha. "Géologie des zones sismiques du Nord de l'Algérie : paléosismologie, tectonique active et synthèse sismotectonique". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112220.
Texto completoGeomorphic studies of profiles conducted in 1986 across the El Asnam fault zone, the site of destructive earthquakes in both 1954 and 1980 allow quantitative evaluation of state Quaternary vertical offsets. Cumulative offsets were obtained with 13 profiles across both the main thrust fault and the secondary normal faults. 7 of the scarps levelled display three to five events including the 1980 earthquake and 5 others show cumulative vertical offsets at least eight times greater than that of 1980. On the ether hand 22 profiles conducted across the thrust breaks of the October 10, 1980 earthquake (M=7. 3) give more accurate values of co-seismic vertical displacements than those previously measured and confirm the existence of three segments A, B, and c along the strike of the fault. Dating of events identified on profiles, for which trench studies nearby have been conducted, yields the following results : in the last 1030 ±135 years, which is a cluster period of large seismic events, we obtain two uplift rates of 2. 42 mm. Y⁻¹ and 0. 97 mm. Y⁻¹respectively along the fault, as well as a recurrence interval of 315 years. For a longer time span (late Holocene), we obtain average minimum and maximum uplift rates of 0. 6 mm. Y⁻¹ and 1. 52 mm. Y⁻¹ respectively, and a recurrence interval of 710 years. An uplifted terrace located at the junction between segments A and B and dated approximately at 100,000 years implies an uplift rate of 0. 5 ±0. 05 mm. Y⁻¹ which is comparable to the minimum late Holocene uplift rate. The slip rate variability thus appears to depend not only on the uneven temporal distribution of large earthquakes (with M>7), but also on the variations in the amplitude of vertical displacements along different segments of the fault. Hence, the El Asnam thrust behavior is variable and episodic along strike, of the fault and is characterized by clusters of large events separated by longer periods of dormancy
Belguith, Youssef. "Déformation en extension récente et active de la Tunisie". Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA1032.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis was the characterization of the recent tectonic extension in Tunisia. The study concerned the rifts of the Tunisian Atlas and the extensive structures of the Sahel. Various methods of structural analysis were adopted such as the field tectonic analysis, the Stress inversion from faults using the Direct Inverse method, the statistical analysis of the fracturing and the seismic data. Field observations show that the rifts borders are structured by NW-SE-trending normal faults having various sizes. These rifts are filled by "Post-Tortonian" sediments which are affected by synsedimentary extensive structures related to rifting. The quaternary deposits, tectonically stable, seem to be "post-rift". Early halokinetics is shown by the seismic data in the current site of Atlasic rifts. The recent diapiric reactivation assumes a significant role in the localisation of the deformation during the major tectonic extension responsible to rifting in the Tunisian Atlas. The microtectonic analysis in the various study zones, in Atlasic rifts and the Sahel, shows that the majority of faults are dip-slip, formed by a NE-SW-trending major tectonic extension at the end-Miocene and Pliocene age (s. L). A minor NW-SE-trending extension, sub-perpendicular and posterior to the major extension, seems to be the result of a transient permutations of σ2 and σ3 axes during the main extensional event; the Quaternary age would be characterized by another minor NE-SW-trending extensive movement. The analogue modelling is adopted to simulate the uniaxial extension in Tunisia on the crustal scale in presence of evaporites (four-layer model: Sand/Silicone/Sand/Silicone +barytes). This experimental method suggested that this recent extension would be due to a NE-SW-trending crustal stretching involving a thinning of continental crust. This tectonic movement resulted in a principal rifts zone, corresponding to the Pantelleria rifts zone, and the small rifts of Tunisian Atlas. All these rifts are sub-perpendicular to the extensional trend. The small rifts are not very deep and implanted on a décollement level formed by the Triassic evaporites. The localization of these small rifts is guided by pre-existent Triassic diapirs situated in the current rifts zone. The recent extensional event in Tunisia is integrated in the geodynamic context of the North African margin; in fact, this tectonic extension in Tuniso-Sicilian zone would be due to migration of the Ionien block towards the Hellenic subduction zone
Poujol, Antoine. "Analyse des déformations actuelles dans le Rif (Maroc) : approche morphotectonique". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20105/document.
Texto completoIn order to identify and quantify the Rif (Morocco) present-day deformation, especially those related to active faults (location, geometry, kinematic), we perform a morphotectonic study. The studied area and faults are located in the Northern part (conjugate faults of Al-Hoceima Bay: Trougout, Boujibar and Rouadi), the Eastern part (Nekor fault) and the Southern part of the chain (Rif frontal thrust between Fes and Meknes cities).Morphotectonic tools (DEMs at different scales, satellite and aerial pictures), field studies and Quaternary dating methods (U/Th, OSL, 14C and in-situ cosmogenic isotopes 10Be, 3He, 36Cl) allow us to characterize transtensional deformation in the Northern Rif. Horizontal and vertical slip rates along the N-S-oriented Trougout major fault are ~1.6 mm/yr and ~2 mm/yr respectively. In the Southern part, the Rif frontal thrust shows a shortening rate of ~1.8 mm/yr into Fes and Meknes area. In the Eastern part, the deformation is focused on the Nekor left-lateral strike-slip major fault with ~1.5 mm/yr. Incision features and raised marine terraces involve an uplift of the chain about ~0.2 mm/yr. The overall deformation in the Rif seems to be continuous since the Messinian-Pliocene time.These new morphotectonic constraints are consistent with the GPS measurements showing southwestward overall motion of most of the Rif belt with respect to stable Africa, associated to clockwise rotation. Finally, we propose a geodynamic model in which the Rif, the Alboran sea and the Betics belong to a single microplate bounded by the strike-slip faults of the Betics on the North, the Rif frontal thrust on the South, the Nekor and TASZ (Trans Alboran Shear Zone) strike-slip faults on the East and North-East, and the western Rif folded structures on the West
Nielsen, dit Christensen Charlotte. "Etude des zones de subduction en convergence hyper-oblique : exemples de la ride méditerranéenne et de la marge indo-birmane". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112034.
Texto completoThe partitioning at very oblique subduction zone is constrained by two studies: the Hellenic trench and the Burman Margin. On the Ionian Islands area, the cumulated motion of the slow African convergence and rapid rotation of the Anatolian Block induces oblique convergence at the western termination of the Hellenic Trench. The NS convergence is about 35 mm/yr. MEDEE Cruise data (ENS 1995) including multibeam bathymetry and shallow seismic profiles, indicate that the motion is partitioned into a frontal compressive wedge and N160ʿE dextral strike-slip. Strike slip faults are localized within the wedge, and between the backstop and the wedge. In this area, the dextral Kephalonia Fault and the presence of the Calabrian wedge disturb structures. So, a comparative study helps to better understand the termination of oblique subduction. The Indo-Burman trench presents the same type of obliquity and velocity. The ANDAMAN Cruise data (ENS 2000) were used to constrain the offshore deformation along the Burma Trench. The front of the wedge is marked by N30ʿE trending dextral strike slip faults, and the absence of accretionary structures. Partitioning of the very oblique convergence induces the motion of an independent sliver located between the Indian plate and the Sunda Block. Along the western boundary of this sliver, partitioning increases from partial (southward) to full partitioning (northward). In the Mediterrnean case, we suggest that forces that drive the upper plate, plus the northwestern locking by the Apulian platform, overcome forces that would allow the motion of a large independent crustal sliver. The obliquity is thus accommodated at the boundary between the backstop and the wedge, resulting in a deforming "wedge sliver" rather thon a rigid crustal sliver. These two studies, compared with other subduction zone in oblique convergence setting, indicate that the partitioning depends on the pre-existent structures and the presence or absence of buttress
Chennouf, Touria. "La Terminaison sud de la ride de la Barbade : marge active des petites Antilles : étude des relations tectonique-sédimentation par application de la stratigraphie sismique /". Paris : Technip, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349781213.
Texto completoBaniadam, Fariborz. "Active tectonics of the Dasht-e Bayaz fault (E-NE Iran)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190716_BANIADAM_660ccr910oxu800roacpr569wdowla_TH.pdf.
Texto completoThis dissertation focuses on two aspects of brittle deformation (kinematics and rate of movement) along the Dasht-e Bayaz fault. We applied the inversion technique to both kinds of seismologic and geological fault slip data gathered around the Dasht-e Bayaz fault. The inversion results indicate a mean N045°E trending horizontal σ1 for the modern stress field. The paleostress state is characterized by a homogeneous N133°E trending mean σ1, with a compressional stress regime, which shows that E-W faults of this region like Dasht-e Bayaz has been right-lateral in certain periods of their activity. The morphotectonic studies complemented by CRE dating of abandoned Quaternary fans offset by the fault allowed determining the slip rate of the Dasht-e Bayaz fault as ~1 mm / year. In view of our tectonic model, the right-lateral shear between the iranian plateau and fixed Eurasia is interrupted between 34°N and 36°N and is replaced by reverse/thrust faulting before being accommodated, farther north, by dextral faulting along NNW faults of the Kopeh Dagh. In this domain the convergence is mainly accommodated through NW-striking reverse/thrust faults. In this context, the E-W sinistral faults such as the Dasht-e Bayaz fault, being situated between NW striking reverse/thrust faults of Ferdows and Jangal, playing their secondary role in the accommodation of convergence. The different tectonic role of the Dasht-e Bayaz fault with respect to the Doruneh fault is confirmed by their meaningful different rates of slip such that the Doruneh Fault slips, at least, five times faster than the Dasht-e Bayaz fault
Walpersdorf, Andréa. "L'observation de la tectonique active en Asie du Sud-Est par géodesie spatiale : un projet GPS". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GLOB0005.
Texto completoLoevenbruck, Anne. "Déformation active du domaine Nord Luzon, Philippines, et de Taiwan". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112099.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to study the mechanisms and tectonic processes involved in long and short terms active deformation of two mountain ranges, the Central Cordillera of Luzon and the Central Range of Taiwan, both along the Manila subduction zone. The Central Cordillera of Luzon, built along the related volcanic arc, extends at the northern extremity of the left-lateral Philippine fault. This study of this chain aims to characterize the present permanent deformation and the involved tectonic processes. GPS data are first used to define a kinematic model which quantitatively describes the complex tectonic system of Luzon. The interpretation of SAR images and the analysis of field data then show that the relief of the Central Cordillera is built by a thrusting system, now reactivated with a left-lateral component in the northern extension of the Philippine fault. This study suggests that the shortening structures are related to the subduction of the oceanic Scarborough ridge. The Central Range of Taiwan is the accretionary wedge built as the Manila subduction zone leads the continental China margin to converge toward the volcanic arc. Transient deformations of the seismic cycle are examined along the western thrust front, broken in 1999 during the Chi-Chi earthquake. The coseismic slip distribution is first calculated by inversion of the surface displacements measured by GPS and SPOT images correlation. The analysis of the whole seismic cycle transient deformations allows then to examine the implications of this coseismic slip distribution and to propose a tectonic model for Taiwan. The coseismic slip heterogeneities are finally explained by the variations of the interseismic locking, suggesting that the coupling along the western thrust front of Taiwan increases toward north and toward surface, that is globally in the plate motion direction
Mkrtchyan, Mushegh. "Analyse cinématique et paléosismologique des terminaisons NW et SE de la faille Pampak-Sevan-Syunik (PSS), Arménie". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT152/document.
Texto completoThe territory of Armenia was located in the collision zone between Arabia and Eurasia, and is the seat of active intercontinental deformations, which was attested by the many historical earthquakes that have occurred in this region. All these destructive earthquakes show a strong regional seismic activity, and therefore it is important to evaluate the seismic hazard associated with active structures that generates this seismicity.This study presents the results of the analysis of the active tectonics within the northwestern and southeastern extensions of the Pambak-Sevan-Syunik fault (PSSF), a major right-lateral strike-slip fault cutting through Armenia (NW - SE). Quantifying the deformations in terms of geometry, kinematics, slip rates and earthquake activity, using cosmogenic 3He, OSL/IRSL and radiocarbon dating techniques, reveal different behaviors between the two regions.Within the northwestern extension, in the region of Amassia, the PSSF bends to the west and splits into two main WNW-ESE trending reverse faults defining a compressional pop-up structure. We estimate an uplift rate and a shortening rate of 0.5 ± 0.1 mm/y and 1.4 ± 0.6 mm/y, respectively. This suggests that most of the ~2 mm/y right lateral movement of the PSSF seems to be absorbed within the Amasia pop-structure.Within the southeastern extension, in the region of Tsghuk volcano, the PSSF shows signs of dying out at the southernmost tip of the Syunik graben. A very slow NS trending normal faulting associated with a slight right-lateral movement characterizes the tectonic activity in the region of Tsghuk volcano. We estimate vertical slip rates, EW stretching rate, and right-lateral slip rate of ~0.2 mm/y, ~0.1 mm/y and ~0.05 mm/y, respectively. These results lead to the conclusion that the right lateral movement observed further north along the PSSF is mainly transferred within other active faults further west within the Karabagh (Hagari fault or other structures further northwestwards)
Baroux, Emmanuel. "Tectonique active en région à sismicité modérée : le cas de la Provence (France) : apport d'une approche pluridisciplinaire". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112076.
Texto completoCushing, Edward Marc. "Évolution structurale de la marge Nord-Ouest hellénique dans l'ile Levkas et ses environs (Grèce Nord-occidentale)". Paris 11, 1985. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985624.
Texto completoLopes, Cardozo Gideon Gerrit Oscar. "3-D geophysical imaging and tectonic modelling of active tectonics of the Upper Rhine Grabe Region". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13213.
Texto completoThe Upper Rhine Graben is considered to be a classical example of a continental rift. The graben is associated with an increased seismicity in the seismically rather quiet foreland of the Alpine chain. The earthquakes result from activation of the faults in the graben under the compression caused by the on-going collision of the African and European continental plates. This thesis presents a study into the faults that are responsible for the earthquakes, and larger scale tectonics that cause the activity of these faults. On a crustal scale, the tectonics of the Upper Rhine Graben are dominated by faults that were already existing before the opening of the graben. The exact position, orientation, and depth extent of some of these active faults were previously unknown. In this study, they are derived from a crustal seismic velocity model, obtained from a local earthquake tomography. Integration of various geophysical and geological data for the region allowed precise interpretation of the crustal seismic velocity structure. Numerical modelling of the kinematics of the active system outlines the possible seismic hazard that is associated with the present-day configuration of faults under the current stress field. On a whole lithosphere scale, the tectonics are proven to be also influenced by pre-existing structures. A teleseismic travel time tomography yielded images of the seismic velocity structure of the entire lithosphere. The observed structures are not parallel to the graben axis and prove that the graben has not formed following the classical ideas about continental rifting. A new model for the formation, and present-day state of the graben in the foreland of the Alps is proposed in this thesis
Lécuyer, Frédéric. "Relation entre le volcanisme et la tectonique active dans la region de tondano au nord de sulawesi (indonesie)". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22015.
Texto completoPérouse, Eugénie. "Cinématique et tectonique active de l'Ouest de la Grèce dans le cadre géodynamique de la Méditerranée Centrale et Orientale". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842274.
Texto completoLe, Roux-Mallouf Romain. "Déformation Holocène de l’Himalaya du Bhoutan : apport de la géomorphologie et de la paléosismologie". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT142/document.
Texto completoThe Himalayan arc is one of the most active intra-continental mountain belts in the world. Over the last centuries, several major earthquakes (Mw > 7.5) have struck this arc. The dramatic effects of the Gorkha earthquake sequence in 2015 pointed once again the crucial need to improve seismic hazard assessment of this area.Geological explorations of the Himalayas since the late 19th century have emphasized a 2500-km-long roughly cylindrical structure, with striking continuity of main units and thrust faults. However recent geophysical and geological investigations have revealed lateral variations. The relationship between these variations and earthquakes segmentation along the arc remains poorly constraint. The maximum size and the occurrence probability of such earthquakes are still a matter of debate.For instance, the seismic behavior of Bhutan remains enigmatic. The present-day low seismicity rate observed in this area can reflect two opposite fault behaviors: an aseismic creeping zone or a zone of stress accumulation for future great earthquakes as the others parts of Himalayas. The main objective of this thesis is to bring new constraints on the deformation of the Bhutan Himalayas, at different space- and time-scales, through morphotectonic and paleoseismological approaches.The first part of this thesis focuses on the vertical deformation assessment along a N-S transect in western Bhutan and along the Main Frontal Thrust, which is the southern-most thrust in southern Bhutan. In the past three years, we have carried out three fieldwork campaigns to sample (1) frontal terraces to assess Holocene uplift rates, (2) watershed basins to quantify short term denudation rates (< 20 ky) derived from cosmonuclides $^{10}$Be and (3) hinterland alluvial terraces to quantify the Holocene incision rate. Frontal Holocene uplift rates obtained in Bhutan are consistent with those obtained in the others parts of Himalayas. Furthermore, our results reveal a variation in the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust between eastern Nepal and western Bhutan.The second part focuses on several paleoseismic studies along the west and central bhutanese Himalayan front. Different sites were investigated during three fieldwork campaigns. Detritic charcoals sampling and modeling suggest the occurrence of at least five surface-rupturing earthquakes during the last ~2700 years. These results demonstrate that the present-day low seismicity rate observed in Bhutan is not representative of the seismic activity at longer time scale. At regional scale, they also take part of a broader discussion on the probability of occurrence of a magnitude 9 earthquake along the Himalayan arc
Rizza, Magali. "Analyses des vitesses et des déplacements cosismiques sur des failles décrochantes en Mongolie et en Iran : approche morphotectonique et paléosismologique". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20202/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to analyze if variations in slip rates occur along strike-slip faults, in intracontinental domain, these faults producing large earthquakes (M> 7.5). To illustrate these variations, this work has focused in two area located in the most tectonically active continental domains in the world: in the western part of Mongolia (Bogd and Bulnay faults) and in the northern part of Iran (Astaneh and Tabriz faults). Using morphotectonic and paleoseismological analyses, the kinematics, the slip rates and the recurrence times have been estimated and allow us to describe the characteristics of seismic cycle along these faults. In Mongolia, the slip rates are estimated at ~1.2 and ~2.6 mm/yr along the Bogd and the Bulnay faults, respectively, with no variations of geological slip rates over the Pleistocene-Holocene period. These two faults present characteristic slips and similar recurrence times between large earthquakes. The paleoseismological investigations suggest that a cluster occurred 3000 years ago, similar to the seismic cluster recorded in Mongolia during the XX century. In Iran, the slip rate was estimated to 2 mm/yr along the Astaneh fault and the recurrence times are ranging from 1600 to 2200 years, associated with offsets comprised between 3 and 4.5 m. We have also estimated a slip rate of ~7 mm/yr along the Tabriz fault, in agreement with the present day rate estimated by GPS, suggesting no variations in the slip rate over the past 45 ka
Nazari, Hamid. "Analyse de la tectonique récente et active dans l'Alborz Central et la région de Téhéran :« Approche morphotectonique et paléoseismologique »". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169765.
Texto completodans l'Alborz Central - chaîne de montagne active située au Nord de l'Iran et bordant le bassin Sud-
Caspien - et de caractériser l'aléa sismique dans la région de Téhéran, située sur le front Sud de
cette chaîne, où vivent quinze millions d'habitants. Les méthodes d'analyse misent en oeuvre sont
celles de l'étude morphotectonique et de la paléosismologie (images satellitaires, photos aériennes,
Modèles Numériques de terrains, géomorphologie, géologie du quaternaire, tranchées). Après un
rappel du cadre géologique et structural, une nouvelle synthèse paléogéographique à l'échelle de
l'Alborz – resitué dans le contexte de convergence entre l'Arabie et l'Eurasie - est proposée à partir de
l'analyse des structures et de leur réactivation au cours du temps. L'analyse de la cinématique des
failles actives, en particulier dans la zone interne de l'Alborz Central, permet de proposer un nouveau
modèle géodynamique de la région Sud-Caspienne. Un premier bilan de l'alea sismique (source,
vitesse, magnitude, intervalle de récurrence) est dressé pour la région de Téhéran.
Nazari, Hamid. "Analyse de la tectonique récente et active dans l'Alborz Central et la région de téhéran : approche morphotechtonique et paléoseismologique". Montpellier 2, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169765.
Texto completoLE, MEUR DAVID. "Etude geophysique de la structure profonde et de la tectonique active de la partie occidentale de la ride mediterraneenne". Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112366.
Texto completoMacharé, José. "La marge continentale du Pérou : régimes tectoniques et sédimentaires cénozoïques de l'avant-arc des Andes centrales". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112201.
Texto completoLa margen continental peruana corresponde al antearco de los Andes y esta caracterizada por la presencia de dos series de cuencas sedimentarias: las cuencas internas y las cuencas externas. Las primeras ocupan la plataforma continental y el piedemonte pacifiee de la Cordillera y las ultimas estan situadas en el talud continental superior. El origen y la pequena subsidencia de estas cuencas ··emparejadas" pueden ser explicadas por un modela fisico sencillo de dislocaciôn en la zona de subducciôn. Desde su individualizaciôn en el Terciario inferior, las cuencas internas han evolucionado en ambiente marino o continental, mientras que las cuencas externas son exclusivamente marinas; en todo caso, los depôsitos son esencialmente detriticos de origen terrigeno y accesoriamente biogénicos y volcanogénicos. La sedimentaciôn en las cuencas no es continua, ella se realiza durante largos periodes de subsidencia que son interrumpidos por fases breves de no-depôsito. EsLas ulLimas son debiàas a fenomenos tectonicos (levantamiento) y/o eustaticos (descenso del nivel marino), ellas son contemporâneas a fases de tectonica compresiva que han afectado tanto la margen como el dominic andino. Por lo conLrar1o, los periodes de subsidencia estan asociados a una LeCLonica en extension. Durante el Cenozoico, se han puesto en evidencia tres tipos princ pales de regimenes de esfuerzos en las cuencas del anLearco: 1) extension en direcciôn perpendicular a aquella de la convergencia de placas, 2) exten sion en direcciôn perpendicular a aquella de la fosa oceanica y 3) compres on segun una direcciôn paralela a la de la convergencia. La apariciôn de cacia tipo de régimen de esfuerzos depenàe de la interaccion entre las fuerzas compresivas asociadas a la convergencia de placas y las fuerzas gravitacionales ligadas a la presencia cercana de la fosa oceânica. La subduccion de dorsales asismicas produce un levantamiento local y temporal de la margen, sin modificar notablemente el régimen de esiuerzos
The Peruvian continental margin is characterized by the presence of two series of forearc basins: the inner and the outer basins. The first ones occupe the continental shelf and the Pacific lowlands, the second ones being located in the upper continental slope. The dynamics of this paired-basins system, which shows very weak subsidence, is explained by applying a simple physical dislocation model to the subduction zone. Since their individualization in early Tertiary times, the inner basins have evolved either in marine or continental environments whereas the outer basins are exclusively marine. Their infill is essentially composed by detrital land-derived sediments, and secondarily by biogenic and volcanogenic sediments. Deposition process is not continuous, it takes place during long periods of subsidence which are interrupted by short-lived periods of non deposition. These latters appear related to either tectonic (uplift) or eustatic (sea-level drop) phenomena, and be contemporaneous to compressional tectonic events that have affected both the margin and he Andean zone. The periods of subsidence are associated with tensional tectonics. Three main types of stress regime have been present in the forearc basins during the Cenozoic: 1) extension trending orthogonal to the convergence direction, 2) extension trending orthogonal to the trench axis, and 3) compression trending parallel to the convergence direction. The occurence of each of these stress regimes depends on the balance between compressive forces related to the convergence and gravitational forces induced by the presence of the nearby deep oceanic trench. The subduction of aseismic ridges locally produce uplift of the margin, without modifying notably the stress regime
Buret, Christophe. "Les bassins sédimentaires d'un domaine avant-arc : la marge active de Nouvelle-Zélande". Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10225.
Texto completoUn dernier ensemble, enfin, d'âge pliocène supérieur - quaternaire (3-0 ma) présente des faciès diversifies de milieux allant de la plate-forme interne au domaine littoral marin voire continental. Ces faciès montrent une cyclicite très nette. Notre étude a permis de mettre en évidence une discontinuité majeure à la limite mio-pliocène (6-4 ma) entre les ensembles (1) et (2). Cette discontinuité s'accompagne le plus souvent d'une lacune sédimentaire qui peut être très importante et d'une durée pouvant atteindre 6 à 8 ma. De plus, la discontinuité est soulignée par une légère discordance angulaire (généralement 5 a 10\). La discontinuité observée entre les ensembles (2) et (3) est marquée par les premières arrivées conglomératiques majeures en provenance du secteur de la chaîne axiale. Les courbes de subsidence réalisées sur une transversale de la marge ont permis de montrer que la période 6-4 ma correspondait a un changement majeur de l'évolution des bassins. Le domaine avant-arc correspond d'abord à une marge en subsidence affectée de failles normales (érosion tectonique probable) puis à une marge en compression sur laquelle va se différencier un véritable bassin avant-arc limité par des bordures en soulèvement (chaîne axiale et chaîne côtière). Cette compression pourrait être liée au passage de la bordure du plateau hikurangi (ou une autre aspérité majeure) dans la subduction puis au développement d'un prisme d'accrétion
David, Claire. "COMPORTEMENT ACTUEL DE L'AVANT-ARC ET DE L'ARC DU COUDE DE ARICA DANS L'OROGÉNÈSE DES ANDES CENTRALES". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00216117.
Texto completoLe long de l'orocline des Andes Centrales, sous la Précordillère et l'arc volcanique, la sismicité intracontinentale se distribue en essaims superficiels dont les plus grands séismes (Mw>5.0) ont lieu en général quelques mois après de grands séismes de subduction de magnitude Mw>7.5, déclenchés par le changement de contraintes dû à la période cosismique et probablement post-sismique.
L'analyse d'images et les observations de terrains interprétées conjointement avec les données sismologiques montrent que la déformation de l'orocline est partitionnée dans la Précordillère et l'arc volcanique le long d'une grande zone de cisaillement parallèle à la marge dont la cinématique varie de sénestre au Sud Pérou à dextre au Nord Chili. Le partitionnement observé est attribué à l'obliquité de la convergence et à l'architecture de l'avant-arc et de l'arc volcanique alors que les variations de la déformation le long de l'orocline sont principalement attribuées à la forme de la marge.
L'analyse sismologique, morphologique, et structurale de la déformation indique que le tenseur de contraintes le long de l'arc volcanique est caractérisé par un σ2 vertical et que σ1 et σ3 montrent une rotation anti-horaire depuis le Sud du Coude vers le Nord. En effet, σ1 s'oriente NE-SW au Nord du Chili, NW-SE à l'extrême Sud du Pérou et E-W au sud Pérou.
David, Claire. "Comportamiento Actual del Ante-Arco y del Arco del Codo de Arica en la Orogénesis de Los Andes Centrales". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102901.
Texto completoMesalles, Lucas. "Mountain building at a subduction-collision transition zone, Taiwan : insights from morphostructural analysis and thermochronological dating". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066676/document.
Texto completoThe present study focuses on the southern Taiwan Central Range, located at the transition between subduction and arc-continent collision. Field-work and structural analysis shows that deformation in the southern Central Range presents two major and distinct structural domains: a west-verging structural unit roughly limited to the western divide, and an east-verging unit, covering most of the eastern divide. The structural units are limited by a steeply west-dipping shear zones displaying a dominant late stage normal faulting and an early strike-slip faulting stage. Zircon fission track dating (FT) along a vertically sampled profile reveal onset of cooling at 7.2 Ma at a minimum rate of 21°C/m.y., followed by an order of magnitude acceleration of exhumation after ca. 3.2 Ma and increase of geothermal gradients from ~41°C/km to 65°C/km. Detrital zircon and apatite FT derived from Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the southwestern foreland basin display the erosion of the western divide cover rocks with ages similar to the early phase seen in the hinterland. Geomorphic analysis of the southern Central Range reveals the existence of low relief at high altitudes, located along the drainage divide and locally on top of the metamorphic core. Morphological and climatic considerations indicate the likely glacial origin of these surfaces. The spatial coincidence of the southernmost low-relief surfaces with the southernmost exposure of the metamorphic core at the main divide suggest a potential role of glaciations in the recent exhumation of the metamorphic core in Taiwan, and probably in other low-latitude orogens
Champenois, Johann. "Caractérisation des déformations tectoniques inter-sismiques de l’île de Taiwan par interférométrie radar". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1008.
Texto completoPas de résumé en anglais
Mejri, Lassaad. "Tectonique quaternaire, paléosismicité et sources sismogéniques en Tunisie nord-orientale : étude de la faille d'Utique". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1669/.
Texto completoThe study of active structures mentioned in the literature in the region of the North-east of Tunisia show the morphological evidence of deformation which attest to a very recent tectonic activity. The late-villafranchian major compressive NNW-SSE tectonic phase is responsible for the establishment of the recent reliefs in the North-east (example: Utique fold). Some indices of recent tectonic activity were discovered on active faults on the structures of Utique, Messeftine, Djebel Nahli and Jebel Ammar. These indices allow classifying these faults as sources with significant seismogenic potential. Geologic, seismic, and neotectonic investigations in Utique fault area; as well as the archaeological data shows that the most recent activity was during the Roman era (˜2000 years B. P). We attribute the magnitude of 6 to the destructive Utique earthquake, Mentioned in the literature, and we evaluate its return period to 1300 years. Cross section shows a total shortening of 275 m since the Upper Miocene. Compression may have begun early in Pleistocene (1. 8 My); this leads to a most likely value for shortening rate of 0,15 mm/yr. The topographic and lithological characteristics of several regions of in Tunis City are very propitious to the sites effects and to liquefaction phenomenon. This high seismic risk zone deserves to be taken into account during the establishment of important regional development programs and in the application of seismic building codes
Scalabrino, Bruno. "Déformation d'un continent au-dessus d'une dorsale océanique active en subduction". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557618.
Texto completoDomzig, Anne. "Déformation active et récente, et structuration tectonosédimentaire de la marge sous-marine algérienne". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144684.
Texto completoDéverchère, Jacques. "Extension crustale dans un contexte de convergence de plaques : l'exemple des Andes du Pérou central contraint par des données sismotectoniques". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112399.
Texto completoCetin, Esra. "Analysis and modeling of crustal deformation using InSAR time series along selected active faults within the Africa-Eurasia convergence zone". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH010/document.
Texto completoThis Ph.D. thesis is conducted in the frame of the -co-tutellell scholarship (EOST-ITU) provided by French Embassy in Ankara. ln addition, a 10-month scholarship « Bourse excellence Eiffel » ,and 8-month scholarship « TUBITAK 22148 - joint Ph.D. » were other sources of support for the preparation of this thesis.The convergence between African and Eurasian plates is at the origin of active tectonic structures that generate large and destructive earthquakes. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of fault behavior and the earthquake cycle by analyzing surface deformation along selected active faults during the periods of co-, post-and inter-seismic deformation within the Africa-Eurasia convergence zone. ln this context, slow deformation observed at the surface and associated with the earthquake cycle is analyzed using Synthetic Aperture Radar lnterferometry (lnSAR) time series technique, and modeled with elastic dislocation methods
Billant, Jérémy. "Caractérisation de la déformation tectonique récente du système de failles de Belledonne et de l'avant pays alpin (vallée du Rhône) : apports d'une approche pluridisciplinaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4311/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to characterize the Plio-Quaternary tectonic deformations related to the Belledonne fault system (western Alps). The low deformation rates and high erosion rates in the study area imply that a multi-disciplinary approach.From the Bauges to the Vercors massif this fault system is composed of strike-slip faults that are the NE trending right-lateral strike-slip Arcalod fault, the NE trending right-lateral strike-slip Belledonne border fault, the NW trending left-lateral strike-slip Brion fault and the NE trending right-lateral strike-slip Jasneuf fault.The determination of the late Cenozoic stress states revealed that the modern stress field responsible for the Belledonne fault system strike-slip kinematics dates from late upper Pliocene/early Pleistocene and came after the stress field caused by alpine collision.Unclear and undated (but probably pre Rissian) offset morphologic markers are described along the Arcalod and Brion faults. Belledonne border fault trace is not determined suggesting that deformation is accommodated in a wide shearing band.The Jasneuf fault offset morphologies whom ages are supposed Messinian and pre Rissian. Fault slip rate integrated since Messinian would be of 0.13±0.03 mm/yr. Considering that this fault appears limited to the sedimentary cover and excluding an aseismic behavior, she can generate 5.7 Mw earthquake each ~500 years.Modern deformation in the foreland is studied in the Toulaud valley (SW of Valence city) where a late Hercinian fault cross-cut the Messinian canyon of the Rhône river. First results show that the fault offset vertically the canyon, attesting aof Plio-Quaternary tectonics along it
Alvarado, Alexandra. "Néotectonique et cinématique de la déformation continentale en Equateur". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU026/document.
Texto completoLocated in the Northern Andes along the active subduction zone of the Nazca plate beneath the South American continent, Ecuador is highly exposed to seismic risk. Moreover, the upper plate is actively deforming and faults responsible for crustal earthquakes are poorly known, showing the need to take them into account in modern assessments of seismic hazard.Our first objective is then the study of regional active faults and their kinematics, in Ecuador. Systematic analysis of air photos and satellite imagery, as well as geomorphic evidences gathered at different scales along these structures permitted us to obtain a regional tectonic map. Each observation was taken in account if also confirmed on digital terrain models (DTM) and field data. Finally this first step permitted to establish a first up-to-date and homogeneous catalog of major tectonic structures, active at the Quaternary time scale, consistent over the entire territory. We also determined the sense of motion of these active faults in Ecuador. Additionally, we integrate the seismic (instrumental and historical seismicity together with focal mechanisms for the higher magnitude events) and geodetic data available from national, global networks and field work to derive consistent kinematics models. Finally, the kinematics of each segment is compared to the instantaneous and cumulated Quaternary deformation.We are thus able to document a major tectonic system in Ecuador: the Chingual-Cosanga-Pallatanga-Puná fault system, showing a relative velocity of 7-8 mm/yr. with respect to South America. The deformation is characterized mainly by a combination of dextral NE-SW transpressive faults and reverse NS faults. This system accommodates the northward tectonic extrusion of the North Andean Block. Our interpretation implies the existence and definition of a new micro block, isolated on the western flank of the CCPP structure, bounded on the west by the thrust fault system of Quito and Latacunga and to the east by the Chingual-Cosanga faults, probably active over the past 3 million years.In a second step, the analysis of the evolution of the drainage system and its interaction with the active tectonic deformation, together with focused sampling and dating was applied to the study of a particular region of the Andes of Ecuador: the Latacunga and Quito micro-block together with the Quito faults system. The Quito reverse faults system consists of blind thrust faults that outcrop at the surface as a series of en-echelon folds, dipping west and affecting Quaternary volcanic deposits. This kinematics is further confirmed by the analysis of surface and local seismicity and focal mechanisms provided mainly by the national network RENSIG. Available GPS data show a EW convergence at a rate of 4 mm/yr, which is accommodated on the Quito fault system, and particularly active at a regional level. At depth the Quito fault system is probably connected to the west to the old suture, which marks the limit of oceanic terranes accreted to the continent. The analysis of the drainage system has allowed us to highlight the propagation of Quito fault system eastward and northward during the Quaternary.To conclude from the new local and regional models of Quaternary deformation in Ecuador, we have characterized and defined new seismic sources for the continental crust. Each source corresponds to a characteristic magnitude value and deformation model. This contribution integrates active tectonics as should be done in future seismic hazard calculations to help better quantity seismic hazard on Ecuadorian territory
Grosjean, Anne-Sabine. "Paléoréseaux hydrographiques et paléoreliefs en période de tectonique active : l’Eocène-Miocène basal (45-20 Ma) du bassin du SE de la France, témoin de la formation des Alpes occidentales". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10071/document.
Texto completoDrainage networks represent the main vectors of erosion of topographies and transport of sediments toward the basins. Their development is constrained by both tectonics and climate, and thus represents the focus of research of mountain belt evolution. However, in foreland basins, the drainage network dynamics and stability are still not well understood due to the overlapping effect of local tectonic activity on the flexural subsidence. This study focus on the formation and on the erosive dynamics of the drainage network in the French South Alpine Foreland Basin that is related to the Western Alps exhumation during the Eocene-early Miocene (45-20 Ma). Combined sedimentological and structural results show that the drainage network has been tectonically-formed during the early stage of subsidence of the basin due to the regional compressional stress. Primarily, the Eocene sediments deposited in the palaeovalleys highlight a local network. During the Oligocene, the Alps exhumation induces the development of the network to the internal massifs that are then eroded. Some exotic pebbles deposited in the basin contain veins that evidence for a complex water circulation (probably meteoric water) within the Alps. The geochemical study of fluid inclusions indicates that the water has been trapped under about 2 km of rocks suggesting the altitude of the alpine reliefs at the Oligocene. Despite a constant tectonic activity, the modern drainage network partially uses the Miocene palaeovalleys that suggest a geometrical stability since about 25 Ma. These results can serve to constrain the various models of drainage network evolution in basins at different space and time scales
Benavente, Escobar Carlos Lenin. "Neogene tectonic and exhumation of the Andes Centrales, Southern Peru". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU021/document.
Texto completoABSTRACTTiming and mechanisms of uplift in the Central Andes have been a matter of debate since at least the 1970’s. Our study focuses on Cenozoic deformation and exhumation of the Central Andean forearc in Peru, in Cuzco region, and between the Western Cordillera and the Coastal Cordillera in Nazca region. Our new mapping of active faults provides new insights into the Cenozoic to present-day crustal deformation of the Central Andean Western margin. Until now, apart from some local studies, the geomorphology of the Andean forearc has classically been presented as a remnant Miocene landscape with no significant active structures accommodating the Cenozoic deformation. Thanks to new high-resolution optical imagery, the well-preserved geomorphic surfaces developed within the forearc of southern Peru provide excellent regional markers to map patterns of deformation. Pertaining to the Cenozoic history, while the timing of uplift-related exhumation and Cenozoic exhumation has been studied in Colca and Cotahuasi canyons, it remain poorly constrained in the northern segment of the Central Andean forearc. I report new apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) and fission track (AFT) ages from the western Cordillera between Cañete and Nazca along two new cross sections. The ages in Nazca region reflect relatively recent (since ~10Ma) relief creation along the western margin of the Altiplano, similar to what is described south in Colca region.The Quaternary tectonic history is revealed by the newly mapped fault segments affecting the Miocene deposits within forearc. Through field and remote mapping, I determined fault geometries and maximum ages for the activity of the faults systems based on stratigraphic relationships in order to assess the role of this tectonic activity in the Western Cordillera uplift and exhumation.To understand the Holocene tectonic history, we use in situ produced 10Be to determine the exposure ages of the free face and tectonic scarp of the Purgatorio Fault in order to map the temporal evolution of its seismotectonic activity. Our new results display evidence of transpression and the formation of meter-high coseismic scarps as well as very recent exposure ages indicating a youthful fault morphology and Mw6-7 earthquakes occurring along the Purgatorio fault segments. These new data are in contrast with some previous conclusions for this region which suggest extension and/or slow rates of deformation for this region and time period. Further, these new data not only suggest significant active deformation within the forearc, but also highlight a potential seismic hazard for the region that not take into account crustal forearc faults.While the general assumption is that active deformation is localized in the Subandean fold and thrust belt, or east of the Western Cordillera in the Altiplano, our data support a model where active deformation is occurring in the western margin as well, along the Incapuquio Fault and other neotectonic faults that accommodates the partitioning of the subduction oblique convergence.These crustal active faults and more precisely the “not migrating to the trench” Incapuquio fault zone reveal the rigid motion of the forearc. Our new model is nevertheless compatible with the recently published GPS data that measure a southeastward movement at 4–5 mm/yr relative to a stable South America reference frame. This rigid motion is in part due to the presence of the rigid Greenvillian accreted craton, that behave as a sliver, and rather tilt than deform through time
Ratzov, Gueorgui. "Processus gravitaires sous-marins le long de la zone de subduction Nord Équateur-Sud Colombie : apports à la connaissance de l'érosion tectonique et de la déformation d'une marge active : implications sur l'aléa tsunamis". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4045.
Texto completoGravity processes on a passive margin are mainly controlled by eustatism, sedimentation rate, seismicity, and tectonic deformation? These parameters also act on an active margin, however seismicity and tectonic deformation are dominant? The aim of this study is to characterize the main areas undergoing gravity processes along the North Ecuador South Colombia active margin, in order to constrain its deformation modes on the short term (several seismic cycles) and mid term (Quaternary). North Ecuadorian convergent margin is characterized by a tectonic erosion regime, evolving to tectonic accretion northward in South Colombia. The margin is undergoing strong seismicity as 4 great earthquakes (Mw 7. 7-8. 8) have occurred during the XXth century. A first study allowed identifying destabilization preferential areas. They are located at the margin toe on the erosional margin, and along canyon walls undergoing tectonic uplift. Along the erosional margin segment, the trench is isolated and receives few sediment, suggesting that the MTDs for the last ~ 20 kyr and turbidites for the last ~ 4. 5 kyr. MTDs spatial organization, source and return time analysis lead to the establishment of a destabilization model along an erosional margin for one and many seismic cycles. On the other side, the morphostructural analysis of an important canyons system (Mira and Patia canyons) has led to establish canyon development modalities on an active margin. We have also simulated numerically the tsunamigenic potential of submarine landslides using selected slump scars and their volume on the margin toe. We show that submarine tectonic structures tend to play a key-role as maximum wave energy focus from which radiative energy tends to dissipate, thus protecting some coastal segments form tsunami damage
Shabanian, Esmaeil. "Tectonique active du Nord-est de l'Iran et accommodation de la convergence entre l'Arabie et l'Eurasie: contribution des chaînes du Kopeh Dagh et du Binalud". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433264.
Texto completoMaréchal, Anaïs. "Tectonique active de la zone de collision Yakutat - Nord Amérique : apport du GPS et de la géomorphologie à l'étude de la partition de la déformation". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS282.
Texto completoIn SW Yukon – SE Alaska, the boundary between the Pacific and North America plates is characterized by a syntaxis at the transition between the Aleutian subduction to the W and the Fairweather – Queen Charlotte strike-slip faults to the SE. The relative motion is oblique to the main fault structures, and the area is marked by the Yakutat block collision. From the Chugach – Saint Elias mountains in the plate boundary zone (up to 6 000 m high) to the intraplate strike-slip faults, markers of the present-day deformation give information on its partition in the system.During my PhD, I first measure surface deformation using a dense GPS network, deployed up to 500 km inland the North America plate. After precise processing and corrections of transient effects in the area (postseismic and glacial isostatic rebound), a new residual velocity field is produced for the syntaxis area, from which I derive strain rates. Those data allow me to quantify the fault slip rates for Fairweather and southern Denali strike-slip faults, and to characterize a bi-modal deformation pattern: Along the plate boundary, the deformation is localized on large-scale structures (accretionary prism to the W, Fairweather to the E); In the syntaxis area, strain rates are the highest and the GPS data shows a diffuse intraplate deformation, similar to an indentor pattern. The Yakutat block seems to strongly drive the North America plate deformation.This indentor pattern induces strong lateral variations on the large intraplate faults: the Denali – Totschunda – Duke River system. In a second part, I realize a regional geomorphological study to characterize the role and slip rate of those faults. From very high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (~ 1 m), a detailed cartography is done. On the basis of fieldwork observations, I measure offsets of fluvial and glacial markers, which are sampled for dating. A dextral cumulative deformation is highlighted on the northern Denali Fault, where as all southern Denali is marked by vertical deformation. This study allows me to quantify new slip rates for the system Denali – Totschunda – Duke River, and to show the leading role of the Totschunda (~ 14 mm/a) and Duke River (~ 6 mm/a) faults, contrary to the Denali Fault (~ 1 mm/a) North of the syntaxis.The new tectonic model for the Yakutat collision provides an important case study for the understanding of indentor systems. The concomitance of a rigid-block deformation (to the West) and diffuse deformation (to the East), as well as the near-zero slip rate on the lithospheric-scale southern Denali Fault highlight the major control of boundary conditions and the structural heritage on the orogen deformation
Mousavi, Zahra. "Caractérisation du fonctionnement des failles actives à l'Est de l'Iran par approches couplées géodésiques (GPS et InSAR) et tectoniques; implications sur l'aléa sismique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067703.
Texto completoCarton, Hélène. "Etudes tectoniques en Méditerranée orientale par analyse de données de sismique réflexion : Mer de Marmara (Bassin de ̧Cinarcik) et Marge du Liban". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GLOB0019.
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