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Woodward, Keith Adam. "Affect, Politics, Ontology". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195189.
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The relationship between politics and ontology has long been a troubled one for geography. More recently, the emergence of affect theory has complicated things even further by introducing a new set of frequently vague concepts into the already cluttered theoretical field of critical geography. This dissertation collects six articles that endeavor to develop the groundwork for establishing a continuum between affect, politics, and ontology. Specifically, it argues that not only is affect a politically rich area for approaching ontology, but, further, it is particularly well suited for addressing difference and radical politics. It proceeds by developing a series of concepts that animate a politically driven ontology of difference, namely: A) becoming and bordering in the context of border studies; B) a flat ontology as a fix for the debilitating transcendence of scale theory; C) an animation of a Nollywood as a 'site' based upon the flat ontological critique of scale; D) a politics of confusion that isolates the workings of affect in relation to the State and in direct action; E) a psycho-pragmatism that checks studies of affect and nonrepresentational theory against the analytic determinism that attends their developing methodologies; and F) the notions of fidelity and affinity as they get articulated through to the State and political subjectivity.
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Alvarez, Maria. "Some questions about the ontology and explanation of intentional action". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484171.
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Weltman, Michelle. "Ontologia fenomenológica e liberdade em O ser e o nada de Jean-Paul Sartre". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-08022010-160422/.
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Em nossa dissertação, procuramos mostrar a relação entre a ontologia fenomenológica e a liberdade em O ser e o nada de Sartre. Faremos isso através da demonstração de que a ambigüidade segundo a qual é descrita a idéia de \"fenômeno\" é o que permite correlacionar as duas regiões ontológicas Em-si e Parasi. Sendo um produto misto da consciência e do Em-si, o fenômeno aponta para uma concepção livre do desvelamento do mundo, apreendido por nós a partir de nossas significações, o que terá por conseqüência uma concepção primordialmente prática do ser em situação, pois desvelar é agir.In our thesis, we will try to show the relationship between phenomenological ontology and freedom in Sartre\'s Being and Nothingness. That will be done by demonstrating that the ambiguity in which the idea of \"phenomenon\" is described is what allows us to correlate the two ontological areas being-In-itself and being-Foritself. Because it is a combined product of the consciousness and the being-Initself, the phenomenon points to a free conception of the world\'s unveiling, since the world is captured by us through our significations, what will have, as a consequence, a essentially practical conception of the being in situation, since to unveil is to act.
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Antoniol, Lucie. "Things people do". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311695.
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Assencio, Sandro. "Trabalho e comunicação: a categoria fundante da sociabilidade humana em Marx e Habermas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-23072009-203822/.
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O estudo que ora apresentamos visa resgatar, a partir de uma análise imanente dos textos, os elementos críticos necessários a uma contraposição entre Marx e Habermas, no que concerne àquelas categorias consideradas, a cada um em particular, essenciais ao processo de construção da sociabilidade humana: o trabalho e a comunicação.The study we presented, aims to rescue, starting from an immanent analysis, the critical elements for an opposition between Marx and Habermas in which concern, to each one in particular, essential to the process of construction of the human sociability: the work and the communication.
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Spencer, Archibald James. "Clearing a space for human action, towards an ethical ontology in the early theology of Karl Barth". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq37325.pdf.
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Serper, Alan. "An analytical critique, deconstruction, and dialectical transformation and development of the living educational theory approach". Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526626.
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This thesis critically analyses, reconstructs and deconstructs the Living Educational Theory (LET) approach. It examines, challenges and modifies it, dialectically transforms it and offers a more suitable alternative to it. Whilst LET has not been well received in academia for two decades, this thesis is being written at a point in time when LET has greater recognition and influence. The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part examines and reconstructs the LET approach as a theoretical possibility and a practical methodological and heuristic approach. It introduces the LET approach and its key features, components, intentions and practices. It examines and interrelates the writings of the developers of that approach and its history and development. It also relates that approach to educational, action, reflective practice, practitioner and ontological research and the work and educational development of this author. The second part criticises, deconstructs and transforms the LET approach and proposes an alternative heuristic tool, solution and approach. It criticises the claim of living educational theorists that LET is an improved approach to the theorisation of a human existence and the educational, ontological, professional and epistemological development of practitioners. As well as criticising the new directions which the LET approach has recently taken, it introduces an alternative educational action research heuristic tool and approach that is based on self-dialectical reflective enquiry. The proposed alternative is based on creative and auto-phenomenological writing, self-dialectical and cathartic logging, public blogging and enquiring-within-writing logging into the question: how do I lead a more meaningful existence in the world for myself? It seeks to transform the LET approach into a deeper ontological, auto-phenomenological, and self-therapeutic auto-analysis, self-reevaluation and auto-empowerment. The third part concludes the thesis and reflects on my learning from my engagement with the LET approach and my hopes and intentions for the future.
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Troquard, Nicolas. "Independent agents in branching time : towards a unified framework for reasoning about multiagent systems". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30119.
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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est une étude multidisciplinaire de le notion de réalisation (`agency'). Nous construisons de nouvelles approches formelles à partir de la littérature de la réalisation en philosophie de l'action, théorie des jeux ou informatique. Nous cherchons particulièrement à confronter les différentes logiques issues de traditions diverses, et à transférer entre elles leurs résultats et méthodes respectifs. La théorie du STIT de Belnap et Perloff est notre cadre d'expérimentationThe work presented in this thesis is a multidisciplinary study of the notion of agency. We build new formal approaches starting on the literature of agency in philosophy of action, game theory or computer science. Belnap and Perloff's STIT theory is our frame of experimentation. This is a logic that stems from philosophy of action based on the observation that an action can be identi_ed with what it brings about. In this tradition, the sentence. Ishmael sails on board the Pequod. Will be paraphrased by. Ishmael sees to it that Ishmael sails on board the Pequod. . Our first contribution is to simplify the axiomatics of a version of the logic restrained to individual agency and without temporal aspects. This allows us to simplify the semantics of STIT as well as to discover a link with product logics. We establish the NEXPTIME-completeness of the problem of satisfiability. We capitalize on the simplifications and extend the axiomatization to coalitional actions. We show that we can embed Coalition Logic in the resulting logic. We also provide an epistemic extension and use it to tackle the problem of epistemically uniform strategies. Then we study further the temporal aspects of agency. We first do it by way of a logic combining STIT with a dynamic logic providing actions with duration, that can be deliberatively continued or aborted along time. We then give an embedding of Alternating-time Temporal Logic in a slightly adapted strategic STIT logic. Having developed a neat understanding of relevant structures of agency, we propose a fine-grained ontology of action and agency
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Davis, Kierrynn, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University y of Agriculture Horticulture and Social Ecology Faculty. "Finding voice, being heard and living in the tension : novice nurse academics critical engagement with a problem orientated curriculum in the academic and practice setting". THESIS_FAHSE_XXX_Davis_J.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/213.
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This thesis is an account of the lived experience of doing research in the critical paradigm in the context of the discipline of social ecology. It is a story with actors, a plot, and actions over time. The Worldview of social ecology has embedded within its epistemology the scope for the creative act of narrative, therefore this thesis is a critical conversation told in four voices. The research was embedded in critical social science methodology and method, and attempted to understand and transform the problematics concerning the social relations, practice, language and discourse which were uncovered when five novice nurse academics engaged in teaching a problem-orientated curriculum in the practice setting. It was a critical action research project based predominantly on the Kemmis and McTaggart Model (1988). The research also debated the nature of participative, collaborative action research undertaken in the context of gaining an educational qualification. Relevant to this point, two other contexts of the research were uncovered. The lived experience of ?doing? critical action research with colleagues and friends, in the context of gaining an educational qualification revealed both the praxis nature of ethical research and the reclaiming of an authoritative women?s voice in the academy. The ethical nature of research in critical social science, and the nature and role of human identity was explored in an effort to conceptualise both a methodology and a self identity which was embedded in a context of mutual growth. This growth was similar to Bookchin?s (1990) transitory states of ?becoming? what we wished to become in the academy. It was what is known in organisations as professional development. The author named this becoming, ?Finding a Women?s Voice and Being Heard?. Although ?finding voice? is situated in the personal, ?being heard? involves the ?not I? together with structural features of institutions. As a collaborative group, the participants actioned strategies in an attempt to deal with the structural limitations to our ?becoming?. These strategies, together with the consciousness raising nature of this particular action research project, enabled participants to speak of their own empowerment within an academic context in which they were often rendered powerless.Master of Science (Hons) (Social Ecology)
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Etudo, Ugochukwu O. "Automatically Detecting the Resonance of Terrorist Movement Frames on the Web". VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4926.
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The ever-increasing use of the internet by terrorist groups as a platform for the dissemination of radical, violent ideologies is well documented. The internet has, in this way, become a breeding ground for potential lone-wolf terrorists; that is, individuals who commit acts of terror inspired by the ideological rhetoric emitted by terrorist organizations. These individuals are characterized by their lack of formal affiliation with terror organizations, making them difficult to intercept with traditional intelligence techniques. The radicalization of individuals on the internet poses a considerable threat to law enforcement and national security officials. This new medium of radicalization, however, also presents new opportunities for the interdiction of lone wolf terrorism. This dissertation is an account of the development and evaluation of an information technology (IT) framework for detecting potentially radicalized individuals on social media sites and Web fora. Unifying Collective Action Framing Theory (CAFT) and a radicalization model of lone wolf terrorism, this dissertation analyzes a corpus of propaganda documents produced by several, radically different, terror organizations. This analysis provides the building blocks to define a knowledge model of terrorist ideological framing that is implemented as a Semantic Web Ontology. Using several techniques for ontology guided information extraction, the resultant ontology can be accurately processed from textual data sources. This dissertation subsequently defines several techniques that leverage the populated ontological representation for automatically identifying individuals who are potentially radicalized to one or more terrorist ideologies based on their postings on social media and other Web fora. The dissertation also discusses how the ontology can be queried using intuitive structured query languages to infer triggering events in the news. The prototype system is evaluated in the context of classification and is shown to provide state of the art results. The main outputs of this research are (1) an ontological model of terrorist ideologies (2) an information extraction framework capable of identifying and extracting terrorist ideologies from text, (3) a classification methodology for classifying Web content as resonating the ideology of one or more terrorist groups and (4) a methodology for rapidly identifying news content of relevance to one or more terrorist groups.
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Boddington, Monique Ingrid. "Truth and archaeology : justification in archaeology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287999.
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Many causes have been proposed for the transition to agriculture but how can archaeologists debate rival interpretations of the record with a seat-of-your-pants theoretical methodology? Truth is a concept that has been the subject of considerable thought and analysis by philosophers for millennia and is a conceptual resource that archaeologists can draw on. The aim of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, the aim is to study the epistemological criteria used in the formulation and assessment of archaeological knowledge: bringing new understanding of knowledge formation in archaeology and how to deal with competing interpretations of the past (specifically with political and ethical ramifications). The second aim is to assess these epistemological criteria and position them in light of the literature on philosophical theories of truth. The focus of this thesis is on the justification project which attempts to identify a characteristic which is possessed by most true propositions and not possessed by most false propositions. In other words, what it is that makes certain statements about the past 'true' or 'not true'. The aim is to understand how archaeological claims about the past come to be made and against what grounds these claims are justified. Three angles are used to answer the aims of this thesis. Firstly, looking at archaeological interpretation in the field, the case study of Çatalhöyük in Turkey is used to track interpretation from excavation through to publication. Secondly, looking at justification in larger syntheses of the past, different explanations for the emergence of agriculture in Britain are explored to understand how justification works at this level of archaeological interpretation, especially when dealing with multiple explanations. Finally, the ethical and political consequences of archaeological justification are discussed. Given the acceptance that there are different interpretations of the past beyond solely the archaeologists, how does justification work in archaeology when we include other interpretations of the past and when concerns shift away from reaching the most justified account of the past, to the practical ramifications of that knowledge? This thesis original and novel contribution is in answering these aims. In the next chapters it will be argued that archaeological justification works within a specific model of justification based on correspondence and coherence. Justification shifts as interpretation moves away from the archaeological record; there is a heavier reliance on abductive reasoning. Multiple interpretations are a product of abductive reasoning and due to the adoption of different theoretical stances. Archaeology fits within a pragmatist theory of truth showing that ethical and political issues are part of the process of justification.
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Isaacs, Tracy Lynn. "Actions and events : a study in ontology and ethics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13190.
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Enström, Ann. "Känsla för skådespelarkonst : mot en förståelse av tysta kunskaper och görandets fenomenologi". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120380.
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The primary argument in this thesis is that the common assumption that an actor has emotion inside him- or herself which can be evoked and projected outwards is an outdated misconception. A proposition is made to replace this possessive acting model, which underpins the realist tradition and is based on the popularized aspects of Stanislavsky’s system for actor training, by a situational acting model. This new model is founded on the idea that emotion is something that actors “do”. Furthermore, a theory of this situational model is advanced where the actor is seen to perform emotion in an interplay with action in three different ways: in the world symbolically as an expression, of the world phenomenologically as in-sensing or out-sensing, and with the world as a becoming – which opens the actor up to greater forces of nature and society. The material in this thesis has been focused on from both a contextualizing and a theoretic perspective. The contextualizing perspective places the actor’s doing of emotions in a historical context. The theoretic aspect concentrates on how performing emotions is realized in practice, and it proceeds from an analysis of two contemporary Swedish examples: the actresses Lena Endre in the role of Lady Macbeth at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in a production of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth from 2006, and Mia Skäringer in her stage show Horny as Hell and Really Holy from 2010. In exploring this material, a combination of Paul Ricoeur’s “hermeneutics of suspicion” and Paul Stoller’s ”sensuous scholarship” is applied. A synthetic theoretical approach is employed that is set on a phenomenological foundation in combination with theories of emotion and affect as well as gender theory and theatre theory. The discussion is informed by Michael Polanyi to gain an understanding of tacit knowledge and the role of kinesthesia; by Simone de Beauvoir to establish a perspective on the body as a situation; by Sara Ahmed to see the potential for a cultural politics of emotion and a queer view of intentionality; and by Maurice Merleau-Ponty to propose a way of looking at the human being as being of the world as opposed to in the world. Interpretations of a few of Gilles Deleuze’s and Félix Guattari’s concepts such as rhizome, becoming, and body without organs, are added to this list in order to provide a background for what the third way of doing emotion is about.
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PEREIRA, D. C. "Representing Organizational Structures in Enterprise Architecture: an Ontology-based Approach". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4279.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-27Enterprise Architecture (EA) promotes the establishment of a holistic view of the structure and way of working of an organization. One of the aspects covered in EA is associated with the organizations active structure, which concerns who undertakes organizational activities. Several approaches have been proposed in order to provide a means for representing enterprise architecture, among which ARIS, RM-ODP, UPDM and ArchiMate. Despite the acceptance by the community, existing approaches focus on different purposes, have limitations on their conceptual scopes and some have no real world semantics well-defined. Besides modeling approaches, many ontology approaches have been proposed in order to describe the active structure domain, including the ontologies in the SUPER Project, TOVE, Enterprise Ontology and W3C Org Ontology. Although specified for semantic grounding and meaning negotiation, some of proposed approaches have specific purposes and limited coverage. In addition, some of them are not defined using formal languages and others are specified using languages without well-defined semantics. This work presents a well-founded reference ontology for the organizational domain. The organizational reference ontology presented covers the basic aspects discussed in the organizational literature, such as division of labor, social relations and classification of structuring units. Further, it also encompasses the organizational aspects defined in existing approaches, both modeling and ontology approaches. The resulting ontology is specified in OntoUML and extends the social concepts of UFO-C.
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Santos, Jeriel Silva. "Elementos Constitutivos da Textualidade Aplicados à Teoria da AÃÃo em Paul Ricoeur". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=19969.
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nÃo hÃEsta dissertaÃÃo examina e expÃe a reflexÃo de Paul Ricoeur relativa aos elementos constitutivos da textualidade e a aplicaÃÃo destes componentes do texto à esfera do agir humano. A anÃlise das proposiÃÃes ricoeurianas toma como ponto de partida consideraÃÃes histÃricas que descrevem a passagem das prÃticas interpretativas, vinculadas principalmente à exegese e à filologia, para uma hermenÃutica de cunho verdadeiramente filosÃfica. Neste Ãmbito, examinamos o empenho de Schleiermacher em elevar o compreender alÃm das regras particulares de interpretaÃÃo; de Dilthey em incorporar ao ato hermenÃutico a importÃncia do encadeamento histÃrico para as ciÃncias do espÃrito; de Heidegger em interpor ao procedimento epistemolÃgico as condiÃÃes ontolÃgicas do prÃprio compreender; de Gadamer em demonstrar o acesso à verdade por vias nÃo necessariamente objetivantes do conhecimento. Dessa crÃtica gadameriana aos pressupostos da ciÃncia moderna, posta em termos do debate entre experiÃncia de pertenÃa e distanciamento alienante, Ricoeur faz sobressair a sua prÃpria concepÃÃo, na qual a textualidade à demonstrada como paradigmÃtica no que concerne à historicidade da experiÃncia humana. Segundo as teses ricoeurianas a aÃÃo humana, assim como o texto, contÃm uma proposiÃÃo de sentido que vai alÃm da intenÃÃo de seu agente ou, no caso da escrita, do seu autor, e que poderà ser efetuada em um contexto diferente daquele em que foi criada originalmente.
Esta dissertaÃÃo examina e expÃe a reflexÃo de Paul Ricoeur relativa aos elementos constitutivos da textualidade e a aplicaÃÃo destes componentes do texto à esfera do agir humano. A anÃlise das proposiÃÃes ricoeurianas toma como ponto de partida consideraÃÃes histÃricas que descrevem a passagem das prÃticas interpretativas, vinculadas principalmente à exegese e à filologia, para uma hermenÃutica de cunho verdadeiramente filosÃfica. Neste Ãmbito, examinamos o empenho de Schleiermacher em elevar o compreender alÃm das regras particulares de interpretaÃÃo; de Dilthey em incorporar ao ato hermenÃutico a importÃncia do encadeamento histÃrico para as ciÃncias do espÃrito; de Heidegger em interpor ao procedimento epistemolÃgico as condiÃÃes ontolÃgicas do prÃprio compreender; de Gadamer em demonstrar o acesso à verdade por vias nÃo necessariamente objetivantes do conhecimento. Dessa crÃtica gadameriana aos pressupostos da ciÃncia moderna, posta em termos do debate entre experiÃncia de pertenÃa e distanciamento alienante, Ricoeur faz sobressair a sua prÃpria concepÃÃo, na qual a textualidade à demonstrada como paradigmÃtica no que concerne à historicidade da experiÃncia humana. Segundo as teses ricoeurianas a aÃÃo humana, assim como o texto, contÃm uma proposiÃÃo de sentido que vai alÃm da intenÃÃo de seu agente ou, no caso da escrita, do seu autor, e que poderà ser efetuada em um contexto diferente daquele em que foi criada originalmente.
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Szilagyi, Ioan. "Technologies sémantiques pour un système actif d’apprentissage". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1008/document.
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Les méthodes d’apprentissage évoluent et aux modèles classiques d’enseignement viennent s’ajouter de nouveaux paradigmes, dont les systèmes d’information et de communication, notamment le Web, sont une partie essentielle. Afin améliorer la capacité de traitement de l’information de ces systèmes, le Web sémantique définit un modèle de description de ressources (Resource Description Framework – RDF), ainsi qu’un langage pour la définition d’ontologies (Web Ontology Language – OWL). Partant des concepts, des méthodes, des théories d’apprentissage, en suivant une approche systémique, nous avons utilisé les technologies du Web sémantique pour réaliser une plateforme d’apprentissage capable d’enrichir et de personnaliser l’expérience de l’apprenant. Les résultats de nos travaux sont concrétisés dans la proposition d’un prototype pour un Système Actif et Sémantique d’Apprentissage (SASA). Suite à l’identification et la modélisation des entités participant à l’apprentissage, nous avons construit six ontologies, englobant les caractéristiques de ces entités. Elles sont les suivantes : (1) ontologie de l’apprenant, (2) ontologie de l’objet pédagogique, (3) ontologie de l’objectif d’apprentissage, (4) ontologie de l’objet d’évaluation, (5) ontologie de l’objet d’annotation et (6) ontologie du cadre d’enseignement. L’intégration des règles au niveau des ontologies déclarées, cumulée avec les capacités de raisonnement des moteurs d’inférences incorporés au niveau du noyau sémantique du SASA, permettent l’adaptation du contenu d’apprentissage aux particularités des apprenants. L’utilisation des technologies sémantiques facilite l’identification des ressources d’apprentissage existant sur le Web ainsi que l’interprétation et l’agrégation de ces ressources dans le cadre du SASALearning methods keep evolving and new paradigms are added to traditional teaching models where the information and communication systems, particularly the Web, are an essential part. In order to improve the processing capacity of information systems, the Semantic Web defines a model for describing resources (Resource Description Framework - RDF), and a language for defining ontologies (Web Ontology Language – OWL). Based on concepts, methods, learning theories, and following a systemic approach, we have used Semantic Web technologies in order to provide a learning system that is able to enrich and personalize the experience of the learner. As a result of our work we are proposing a prototype for an Active Semantic Learning System (SASA). Following the identification and modeling of entities involved in the learning process, we created the following six ontologies that summarize the characteristics of these entities: (1) learner ontology, (2) learning object ontology, (3) learning objective ontology, (4) evaluation object ontology, (5) annotation object ontology and (6) learning framework ontology. Integrating certain rules in the declared ontologies combined with reasoning capacities of the inference engines embedded in the kernel of the SASA, allow the adaptation of learning content to the characteristics of learners. The use of semantic technologies facilitates the identification of existing learning resources on the web as well as the interpretation and aggregation of these resources within the context of SASA
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Knochel, Aaron D. "Seeing Non-humans: A Social Ontology of the Visual Technology Photoshop". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316451835.
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Mir, Muhammad Salman khan and Muhammad Arif Raza. "An Ontology for Match-Making in Plug and Play Business Software Platform". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4179.
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An innovation is the process of making improvements by introducing new idea in the form of product or service. In recent years, successful societies are shifting their focus towards the realization and acceptance of these new ideas. Plug and Play business software platform is the first step to transform these ideas into reality. The study presented in this thesis introduced that a new business idea contains specific business role and consists of a set of capabilities or needs and any one of them. Plug and play business software platform mainly consists of three major business processes that are required to run this platform those are; business match making process, negotiating process and collaboration process. This study analyzes the process of business match making in detail and introduce an ontology based business match making process which will find new businesses in a hierarchical fashion based on their specific business roles. Match making ontology consists of three processes i.e. information collection process which is used to collect and register information, extraction process which is an optional process to extract set of capabilities and needs if actor/innovator is unable to define its business capabilities and needs in information collection process and finally finding and ranking process which will find a set of potential collaborators and then will rank that set based on ranking parameters collected in information collection process from actor/innovator. This study also presents a technological model which will provide foundation to develop plug and play business software platform. This model identifies business processes of the platform and presents each business process as a separate loosely coupled software module. This model divides the platform into two layers; the upper layer is called PnP layer and consists of PnP Client Service, PnP Community Service, Finding and Ranking Service, Negotiating Service and Collaboration Service; lower layer is called kernel layer and consists of Security management Service, Operational management Services and Communication Service. Finally partially implemented prototype, test data and results will be used to visualize the presented concept.
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Dubasque, Maylis. "L'Ange déchu, ontogenèse du mal dans le soin". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2049.
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Soigner, est un mouvement vers celui qui nécessite des soins, essentiellement habité par la bonté. Ainsi dit et pense l’ange dans sa magnificence. Las ! La personne soignée, par son regard, de confiance et souffrance mêlées, souligne sa fréquente faillite. Ainsi l’ange déçoit et de ce fait, déchoit. Si le bien est inhérent au soin quelle peut-être la réalité de ce mal dénoncé ? Existe-t-il, « en-soi », telle la face cachée du bien, et que l’on nommerait de ce fait, le « moindre mal » dont les patients seraient bien avisés de se contenter ? Ou bien est-il totalement dépendant de l’action soignante et de son contexte ? Aristote évoquait un monde sublunaire, où règne le contingent – ce qui pourrait ne pas être, et un monde supra-lunaire, lieu du nécessaire – ce qui ne peut pas ne pas être. À quel monde appartient le soin, et si le mal existe réellement quelles en sont les formes ? La morale, dont tout le monde suppose qu’elle sous-tend la situation de soin, se décline effectivement différemment selon les époques et les lieux, l’Histoire nous l’a bien montré. Nous posons l’hypothèse d’une dimension métaphysique du soin au-delà de l’éthique de l’acteur de soin. Cette ontologie, rendrait universelle une nécessaire vigilance à l’égard de ce que tous les acteurs du soin, y compris les structures tutélaires et la puissance publique sont conjointement déterminés à en faire, dans une ambiance de transformation radicale des savoirs prédictifs et de la dématérialisation des rencontresCaring is a movement towards the ones who need care, essentially inhabited by kindness. This is the way the angel thinks and expresses himself, in his own magnificence. Las! The cared person, feeling as much trust as suffering, points out his frequent failure. This is also the way the angel disappoints and thereby falls. If goodness is inherent to care, is this reported evil real ? Does it exist, "in-itself », such as the dark side of good ? We could thus call it "the least evil", whose patients would be well advised to be satisfied of. Or is it directly derived from the caring action and its context ? Aristotle talks about a sub-lunar contingent world, which can not be, and a supra-lunar world, a necessary and inevitable world, which cannot not be. To which world does care belong, and if evil really exists, what are its forms ? Morality, which everyone supposes to underlie the situation of care, declines and indeed varies according to the times and places, as History has shown us well. We suppose that the metaphysical dimension of care is beyond the givercare’s ethic. This ontology would make universal a necessary vigilance regarding to what all the actors of care are jointly determined to do. Among these, we unclude guardianship structures and public authorities. We will thus also approach both the atmosphere of radical and predictive knowledge and the dematerialization of meetings
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Riffaud, Estéban. "Recherches sur une ontologie de l'être-collectif : rencontre avec l'existence de l'altérité et celle de notre "l'individualité-commune"". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL033/document.
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L’attrait de l’homme pour le changement met l’accent en premier lieu sur un questionnement existentiel fondateur de notre identité vécu comme un drame : qui suis-je ? Cette interrogation dramatique en engendre une seconde à la fois évidente et obscure : qui est cet Autre ? Ces deux questions rendent compte de la plupart des questionnements humains au sein du monde. Au départ de toute civilisation, de tout rassemblement, de toute existence, si petite soit-elle, cette interrogation angoissante sur notre identité demeure. La totalité de notre être se fonde sur la définition que nous donnons de notre identité : nous pouvons être définit comme « une chose qui pense », « l’incarnation d’un intelligible dans le sensible », ou bien encore « un être existant », nous ne cessons de chercher la réponse à la question existentielle et dramatique de notre identité. Nos recherches partent de ce sentiment que nous avons face à cette interrogation. Nous tenons absolument à savoir coûte que coûte qui est cet être que notre conscience semble appréhender comme un « je » : notre « je ». Comment ce constitue-t-il ? Quels en sont les fondements et savoir si son fondement n’implique que lui ou s’il s’ouvre vers autre chose ? Nous ne cherchons pas à décrire simplement une situation où notre être se réalise au sein de la multiplicité humaine et où nous ne sommes qu’un « récepteur » passif de ce spectacle qui de prime abord apparaît tel un miracle anthropologique. Nous souhaitons de fait, prendre le problème de notre identité et celui d’Autrui, dans son intériorité opératoire, c’est-à-dire aller aux tréfonds de ses rouages et mécanismes phénoménologiques, et ainsi participer à la compréhension du problème de la définition d’un « être-collectif », tant en tant que « témoin » de sa réalisation, qu’en tant « qu’acteur » de son existence commune à la nôtreThe attraction of man to change focuses primarily on existential questions of our founding identity experienced as a drama: who am I? This dramatic interrogation spawns a second both obvious and obscure: who is this Other? These two issues account for most human questions in the world. From any civilization, any gathering of all existence, however small it may be, this agonizing question about our identity is. Our entire being is based on how we define our identity: we can be defined as "a thinking thing," "the epitome of an intelligible in the sensible" or even "an existing being" we never stop looking for the answer to the existential and dramatic question of our identity. Our research go of this feeling that we face this question. We really want to know all costs is that our consciousness seems to be apprehended as an "I" our "I". How is it there? What are the foundations and whether its basis does not imply that he or it opens to something else? We are not trying to simply describe a situation where our being is realized in human multiplicity and we are only a "receiver" passive of this show that initially appears as an anthropological miracle. We want to actually take the problem of our identity and that of the Other, in its operative interiority, that is to say, delving deep into its workings and phenomenological mechanisms, and thus contribute to the understanding of the problem of defining a "collective-be" both as a "witness" of its realization that as "actor" of his town to ours existence
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Castillo, Sepúlveda Jorge. "Oncología y ontología: Un análisis semiótico-material del cáncer". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107825.
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El fin del siglo XX ha visto la transformación radical de las prácticas de investigación e intervención biomédicas. Una serie de procesos han configurado un nuevo escenario para el abordaje de enfermedades de difícil tratamiento. A la base, puede encontrarse la proliferación de colectivos que participan en la producción de evidencia que orientan las decisiones clínicas, la construcción de plataformas de trabajo colaborativo y la introducción de nuevas entidades que reconfiguran y coordinan la relación entre los actores comprometidos. Ello ha implicado la redefinición del campo de actividades bioclínicas y, a su vez, la transformación del significado de las enfermedades en sí mismas. Entre las aquellas mayormente articuladas por este proceso se encuentra el cáncer.
Esta investigación aborda el cáncer y lo hace considerando los entramados de relaciones heterogéneas que constituyen este fenómeno como un objeto biomédico. En tal sentido, nos hemos propuesto describir y analizar el carácter semiótico-material del cáncer, dando cuenta del diverso tipo de actores que participan en su definición como entidad médica, además de sus implicancias sociales y materiales. Para hacerlo, hemos adoptado la perspectiva analítica de la teoría del actor-red, derivada del ámbito de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología. Metodológicamente, hemos desarrollado un estudio de caso del cáncer en Cataluña, siguiendo, no obstante, las conexiones y patrones de relación que se suscitan entre diversos territorios.
Los resultados de este proceso se han articulado como una serie de publicaciones, cada una atendiendo a un aspecto emergente en el desarrollo de la investigación. El primero de ellos deriva de la consideración de un tipo especial de convenciones bioclínicas que ha implicado profundas transformaciones en la aproximación misma a la enfermedad. Esto se asocia a varios procesos. Por ejemplo, para que el cáncer se haga operativo, deben articularse una serie de escalas que fijan, cada una, diversos juegos de relaciones socio-técnicas que, sin embargo, se definen por sus interdependencia. Este diagrama socio-material opera transformando la definición de la corporalidad (de una individual a una articulada como un colectivo biológico) y de la temporalidad (aquella vinculada con el origen y permanencia de la enfermedad). A su vez, se formula un tipo de relacionalidad específica entre el especialista y los dispositivos de regulación, que hemos denominado como prehensión, siguiendo a A.N. Whitehead.
El segundo aspecto se vincula con la constitución misma del cáncer. Los diversos componentes tecnológicos y regulatorios implicados en su abordaje biomédico lo conforman no como una entidad discreta o local, sino como un objeto inmanente: un potencial, siguiendo también a Whitehead. El cáncer se extiende y distribuye por diversos espacios de manera completamente actual y eficiente.
El tercer eje obedece a la concepción del significado del cáncer como una trayectoria que se articula entre los entramados biomédicos y los procesos de los colectivos de pacientes. Ello incide en cómo éste es corporizado, es decir, cómo en los aspectos cotidianos y corporales de pacientes emerge como una entidad presente.
Los diversos componentes del trabajo biomédico reciente establecen una modalidad de operación biopolítica que funciona en la medida que constituye objetos lo suficientemente dispersos y actuales como para forjar un tipo de compromiso que oriente los estilos de vida de una nueva ciudadanía. El cáncer se articula según esta configuración, sirviendo de espacio para comprender tales transformaciones. Los vínculos entre este y otros procesos médicos emergentes se analizan en una cuarta publicación integrada en los anexos. La totalidad de textos que componen el trabajo ofrecen una perspectiva de las transformaciones socio-técnicas en el ámbito oncológico y la expresión de un nuevo modo de ejercicio biopolítico a través de la biomedicina.The end of the twentieth century has seen radical transformation of the practices of biomedical research and interventions. Several processes have configured new scenery for the addressing of difficult treatment diseases. At the base, may be found the proliferation of collectives involved with the production of evidence to guide clinical decisions, construction of collaborative work platforms and the introduction of new entities, which reconfigure and coordinate the relationship between engaged actors. This implies the redefinition of bioclinical activities field and, in turn, transformation of the disease meanings themselves. Among those mostly articulated by this process is found cancer. This research addresses cancer considering networks of heterogeneous relations that constitute this phenomenon as a biomedical object. In this regard, we intend to describe and analyse material-semiotic character of cancer, accounting for the various types of actors involved in its definition as a medical entity, as well as its social and material implications. To do so, we have adopted the analytical perspective of actor-network theory, derived from the field of social studies of science and technology. Methodologically we developed a case study of cancer in Catalonia, following, however, connections and relationship patterns that arise between different territories. The results of this process are articulated as a series of publications, each one attending to an emerging aspect on the development of research. The first of these derives from the consideration of a special type of bioclinical conventions that have involved profound changes in the approach itself to the disease. This is associated with several processes. For example, for that cancer becomes operative, various sets of scales must be articulated, which set, each one, different socio-technical plays of relations; however, they are defined by their interdependence. This socio-material diagram operates by transforming the definition of corporeality (from individual to collective one articulated by biology) and of temporality (the one linked to the origin and persistence of the disease). In turn, it develops a specific kind of relatedness between the specialist and the regulatory devices, which we have called as prehension, following to A.N. Whitehead. The second aspect is related to the very constitution of cancer. The various technological and regulatory components involved in its biomedical approach comprise it not like a discrete or local entity, but as an immanent object: a potential, following also to Whitehead. Cancer is extended and distributed by different spaces through entirely actual and efficient manner. The third axis obeys the conception of the meaning of cancer as a trajectory that is articulated between the biomedical networks and the process of patient collectives. This affects how it is embodied, that is, how in the everyday aspects of patients lives and their bodies, cancer emerges as a present entity. The various components of biomedical recent work establish a mode of biopolitical operation that works to the extent that constitute objects so disperse and actual enough as to establish a kind of engagement to guide the lifestyles of a new citizenship. Cancer is articulated according to this configuration, serving as space to comprehend such transformations. The links between this and other emerging medical processes are analysed fourth publication, which can be found in the annexes. The totality of texts that compound this work provides a perspective of socio-technical transformations in oncological field and the expression of a new mode of biopolitical exercise through biomedicine.
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Ford, Payi-Linda. "Narratives and landscapes their capacity to serve indigenous knowledge interests /". Click here for electronic access to thesis: http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20070614.105953, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20070614.105953.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Deakin University, Victoria, 2005.Submitted to the School of Education of the Faculty of Education, Deakin University. Degree conferred 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-225)
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Packer, Thomas L. "Scalable Detection and Extraction of Data in Lists in OCRed Text for Ontology Population Using Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Active Wrapper Induction". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4258.
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Lists of records in machine-printed documents contain much useful information. As one example, the thousands of family history books scanned, OCRed, and placed on-line by FamilySearch.org probably contain hundreds of millions of fact assertions about people, places, family relationships, and life events. Data like this cannot be fully utilized until a person or process locates the data in the document text, extracts it, and structures it with respect to an ontology or database schema. Yet, in the family history industry and other industries, data in lists goes largely unused because no known approach adequately addresses all of the costs, challenges, and requirements of a complete end-to-end solution to this task. The diverse information is costly to extract because many kinds of lists appear even within a single document, differing from each other in both structure and content. The lists' records and component data fields are usually not set apart explicitly from the rest of the text, especially in a corpus of OCRed historical documents. OCR errors and the lack of document structure (e.g. HMTL tags) make list content hard to recognize by a software tool developed without a substantial amount of highly specialized, hand-coded knowledge or machine learning supervision. Making an approach that is not only accurate but also sufficiently scalable in terms of time and space complexity to process a large corpus efficiently is especially challenging. In this dissertation, we introduce a novel family of scalable approaches to list discovery and ontology population. Its contributions include the following. We introduce the first general-purpose methods of which we are aware for both list detection and wrapper induction for lists in OCRed or other plain text. We formally outline a mapping between in-line labeled text and populated ontologies, effectively reducing the ontology population problem to a sequence labeling problem, opening the door to applying sequence labelers and other common text tools to the goal of populating a richly structured ontology from text. We provide a novel admissible heuristic for inducing regular expression wrappers using an A* search. We introduce two ways of modeling list-structured text with a hidden Markov model. We present two query strategies for active learning in a list-wrapper induction setting. Our primary contributions are two complete and scalable wrapper-induction-based solutions to the end-to-end challenge of finding lists, extracting data, and populating an ontology. The first has linear time and space complexity and extracts highly accurate information at a low cost in terms of user involvement. The second has time and space complexity that are linear in the size of the input text and quadratic in the length of an output record and achieves higher F1-measures for extracted information as a function of supervision cost. We measure the performance of each of these approaches and show that they perform better than strong baselines, including variations of our own approaches and a conditional random field-based approach.
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Danowski, Christopher. "The medium and the message : Afro-Cuban trance and Western theatrical performance". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9512.
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The Medium and the Message investigates the incorporation of Afro-Cuban trance techniques in Western theatrical performance. Through art practice and research, I am asking two questions: how do performers, trained in Western theatrical contexts, articulate their experience with Afro-Cuban trance techniques? And how can my research methodologies illuminate the inherent intercultural tensions in ways that are productive for performance practitioners and theorists? To answer these questions, I created four new works of theatrical performance where I developed a method for performers, utilizing Afro-Cuban rituals adapted for non-practitioners. Working toward a phenomenological understanding of what is happening when a performer incorporates a character, I drew on the ritual knowledge of trance possession in Lukumí and Palo Monte in order to examine how ontologies might speak to each other in artistic practice. I also served as advisor for the creation of a fifth work in order to test the method outside of my studio. I constructed a studio practice methodology, called kanga (from the Bantu for tying and untying), using three methods based on aspects of Afro-Cuban ritual, and modified for performance contexts: spell, charm, and trance. This methodology enacts and complicates distinctions between performance and ritual, serving as a contribution to respectful and responsible intercultural performance practices. My research-led practice includes autobiographical writing and auto-ethnography under a phenomenological research methodology that uses three methods for data collection: formal recorded interviews, video footage of the studio work, and regular rehearsal debriefings. The overall methodology, bridging theory and practice, is bricoleur, drawing from ethnography, psychoanalytic theory, and phenomenology. Both research and studio work led to the articulation of a state of consciousness in performance that I call hauntological. This borrows from Derrida (1994: 10) but is redefined to refer to a state of being where reality is co-constituted by the living and the dead, where ancestral spirits are invoked to do the work once reserved for characters. Finally, this led to the construction of a creative artifact called The Ghost Lounge, an art work that evokes a hauntological state of consciousness in the viewer.
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Hale, Evan L. "Knowledge, Truth, and the Challenge of Revisability: A Critique of Actor-Network Theory". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333733604.
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Laoufi, Nabil. "Processus guidé pour l'identification des exigences de sécurité à partir de l'analyse des risques". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1103/document.
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Toute organisation est activée par un flux physique continu et un flux décisionnel qui opèrent de symbiose pour atteindre des objectifs déterminés. Ce qui engendre l’implantation d’un système d’information fiable, opérant avec un contrôle continu et une sécurité maximale, prenant en compte le contexte interne et externe pour garder son rôle opérationnel et stratégique. Compte tenu du niveau d'exposition aux risques et de la dépendance vitale des entreprises vis-à-vis de leurs systèmes d'information, il est crucial de prêter attention aux exigences de sécurité. La réalisation d'un équilibre entre la sécurité et l'efficacité du système d’information est une tâche complexe qui exige au préalable une analyse approfondie du contexte organisationnel. Elle nécessite également l'identification, l'analyse, et la gestion des risques encourus par l’entreprise. Elle nécessite aussi la détermination des exigences de sécurité. Peu d'approches offrent un guidage permettant de dériver les exigences de sécurité à partir des risques encourus. Le but de cette thèse est de concevoir un mécanisme de guidage suggestif qui permet de dériver les exigences de sécurité à partir de l'analyse des risques. Nous proposons, pour cela, une approche fondée sur une ontologie modulaire et un ensemble de règles de correspondance. A cette fin, nous proposons le développement de quatre ontologies et un processus d'alignement entre celles-ci en utilisant des relations sémantiques cohérentes. Le processus de validation se fonde sur une étude de cas et un prototypeAny organization is enabled by continuous physical flow and decision flow from operating symbiosis to achieve specific objectives. Which generates the implementation of a reliable information system, operating with a continuous control and maximum security, taking in to account the internal and external environment to maintain its operational and strategic role. Given the level of risk exposure and the vital dependence of companies on their information systems, it is crucial to pay attention to security requirements. Achieving a balance between the security and effectiveness of the information system is a complex task requiring an in-depth analysis of the organizational context. It also requires the identification, analysis, and management of the risks incurred by the company. It also requires the determination of security requirements. Few approaches offer guidance to derive security requirements from the risks involved. The aim of this thesis is to design a suggestive guiding mechanism that allows to derive the security requirements from the risk analysis. We propose an approach based on a modular ontology and a set of correspondence rules. To achieve, we propose the development of four ontologies and an alignment process between then using consistent semantic relationships. The validation process is based on a case study and a prototype
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Lastic, Adélaïde de. "Qu'est-ce qu'une entreprise ? : la création de valeur d'un agent collectif : une approche ontologique et éthique". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0036.
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Qu'est-ce que l'entreprise ? D'après l'analyse ontologique qui est proposée, l'entreprise est un objet social qui, en tant que tel, possède plusieurs propriétés intrinsèques, c'est-à-dire sans lesquelles l'entreprise ne peut être une entreprise. Ces propriétés sont : une structure en réseau de parties prenantes ; une organisation qui vise à produire des biens ou des services ; une existence due à l'action fondamentale d'« entreprendre » qui est elle-même composée de quatre autres actions qui sont : innover, travailler, organiser, décider. Il s'agit alors d'analyser chacune de ces actions et les valeurs qu'elles véhiculent. Le statut ontologique de l'entreprise renvoie à des problématiques éthiques que nous allons aborder dans la thèse : la responsabilité de l'entreprise par rapport aux parties prenantes, les valeurs intrinsèques à l'organisation de travail, la pratique de l'entreprise. Pour envisager ces questions éthiques, une analyse plus fondamentale de l'action collective et de l'action morale est requise. Car l'entreprise est un agent moral collectif. Qu'est-ce que cela implique ? Les actions de l'entreprise dépendent-elles de valeurs préexistantes ou créent-elles de la valeur en agissant ? Quelle relation existe-t-il entre l'agent moral individuel et l'action du groupe-agent ? Ainsi, dans le contexte économique de l'entreprise qui a un fort pouvoir d'action sur l'humain et son environnement, que signifie créer de la valeur ?What is an enterprise? In my thesis, I propose an ontoîogical account of this question. According to this account, an enterprise is a social object which has several intrinsic properties, that is, properties in absence of which the objects ceases to be an enterprise: it has a structured network of stakeholders, it is organized to produce goods and services, it owes its existence to a séries of actions, among which the most fundamental is the action of entrepreneurship (to enterprise). I décompose this fundamental action into four more spécifie actions: 1) innovate; 2) work; 3) organise, 4) décide. I analyse each of thèse actions and the values that they bring about. The ontoîogical status of the enterprise implies a number of ethical issues that I discuss in my work: company responsibility with stakeholders, intrinsic values in the work organization, practices of the company. This implies a more fundamental analysis of collective agency and of the relation between moral agency and collective agency. The enterprise is a moral collective agent. What does it mean? Does its action dépend on pre-existing ethical values, or does it "create" its own values by acting? What is the relationship between individual moral agents and collective ones? Thus, in the économie context of the company that has a strong effect on humans and their environment, what does "creating value" means?
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Matulionis, Paulius. "Veiksmų ontologijos formavimas panaudojant internetinį tekstyną". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120620_113255-46777.
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Šio baigiamojo magistro darbo tikslas yra veiksmų ontologijos formavimo panaudojant automatiniu būdu sukauptą internetinį tekstyną problematikos tyrimas. Tyrimo metu buvo analizuojami tekstynų žymėjimo standartai, sukauptas internetinis tekstynas, pasitelkiant priemones sukurtas darbo metu. Tyrimo metu buvo kuriamos ir tobulinamos jau esamos priemonės atlikti įvairius eksperimentus su tekstynais, duomenų sisteminimu, vaizdavimu ir ontologijos formavimu. Buvo sukurta procesų valdymo sistema, kuri buvo realizuota nuo front-end iki back-end sistemos kūrimo lygiu. Darbe yra pateikiamos detalios sistemos ir jos komponentų schemos atspindinčios visą sistemos veikimą. Tyrimo metu buvo atlikti eksperimentai susiję su veiksmų ontologijos formavimu. Darbe yra aprašyti ontologijos kūrimo žingsniai, pateikiamos problemos ir jų sprendimai bei pasiūlymai, ką galima būtų padaryti, kad eksperimentų rezultatai būtų dar tikslesni. Taip pat yra įvardinamos taisyklės, kurios buvo naudojamos reikalingų duomenų gavimui iš sukaupto tekstyno, taip pat taisyklės buvo apibendrintos ir pateiktos sukurtoms priemonėms suprantamu pavidalu.The goal of the master thesis is to investigate the problem of the automated action ontology design using a corpus harvested from internet. A software package including tools for internet corpus harvesting, network service access, markup, ontology design and representation was developed and tested in the carried out experiment. A process management system was realized covering both front-end and the back-end system design levels. Detailed system and component models are presented, reflecting all the operations of the system. The thesis presents the results of experiments on building ontologies for several selected action verbs. Ontology building process is described, problems in recognizing separate elements of the action environment are analysed, suggestions on additional rules leading to more accurate results, are presented. Rules have been summarized and integrated into the designed software package.
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Whicker, John H. "Object-Oriented Writing Theory: Writers, Texts, Ecologies". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1406656088.
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Graef, J. Julian. "Practicing peacebuilding differently : a legal empowerment project, a randomised control trial and practical hybridity in Liberia". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6384.
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Hybridity, as it is currently understood in the Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) and International Relations (IR) literature, is defined by the complex interactions between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local'. However, under this theoretical liberal-local rubric, the ways in which power is practiced has already been determined; how resistance is expressed and the forms it assumes have already been established. While it has yielded numerous important insights into how power circulates and resistance manifests in peacebuilding operations, the theoretical approach conceals other significant dynamics which escape detection by ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local'. However, these undetected dimensions of hybridity comprise the very processes that emerge in ways which destabilise the boundaries between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local' and reshape the contours of the emerging post-liberal peace. Instead of accepting the liberal-local distinction which defines this theoretical hybridity, this thesis advances an alternative methodological approach to exploring the tensions at play in peacebuilding projects. Rather than deploying theoretical distinctions in order to explain or understand complex hybrid processes, this thesis develops a methodological strategy for exploring the tensions between how actors design a peacebuilding project and how that project changes as actors work to translate that project into complex, everyday living sites (Callon, 1986; Law, 1997; Akrich, 1992). This tension is expressed as practical hybridity. The process of practical hybridity unfolds as the concrete material changes, modifications, and adaptations that emerge as actors appropriate and contingently translate organised practices in new ways and for different purposes. Through an ongoing process of practical hybridity, the boundaries and distinction which define the distinction between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local' become increasingly unstable. Amidst this instability, the practices which characterised ‘the liberal peace' are becoming stretched into a post-liberal peace. Drawing on the work of Richmond (2011a; Richmond & Mitchell, 2012), Latour (1987b; 1988; 2004), and Schatzki (2002), and based on over five months of field research, this this thesis traces the process of practical hybridity at play during the implementation and evaluation of a peacebuilding project in Liberia. I participated as a research assistant on a Randomised Control Trial (RCT), implemented by a small research team under the auspices of the Oxford University's Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE). The team was assessing the impact of a legal empowerment programme managed by The Carter Center: the Community Justice Advisor (CJA) programme. As the CSAE's evaluation of the CJA programme unfolded, many dynamics associated with theoretical liberal-local hybridity surfaced; however, it also became apparent that this theoretical formulation obscured important dimensions which were reshaping what peacebuilding practice is in the process of becoming in the emerging post-liberal world.
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Tryselius, Kristina. "Rum i tillblivelse". Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1066.
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How is space conceptualized? The question is central to subject theory in human geography. In the present dissertation, this issue is actualized in discussions of the virtual, space, and an ontology of becoming. The point of departure is that in human geography, as well as in the general discourses in society, a science fiction-like conception of the virtual has been dominant. The virtual is understood as another reality and as an absolute space. Predominant perceptions of the space and the virtual are problematized in Space in Becoming, and based on analyses of complex sets of ideas grounded in actor-network theory and Deleuzian geophilosophy, an alternative approach is formulated. The aim is to provide an enhanced conceptual understanding of space and the virtual. In order to fulfill the aim, three tasks are performed. Firstly, the prevalent conception of the virtual is presented. Secondly, a conception of space grounded in an ontology of becoming is constructed and defined, expressed in three postulates. Thirdly, the importance of the ontology of becoming and the postulates for the conception and conceptualization of space are discussed in relation to subject theory in human geography. Since the present work centers on treatment of concepts and ideas, a postulate method was selected. The postulate method also makes argumentation and discussion on theoretical and analytical levels possible. The outcome of the project is formulated in three postulates – actants do space, assemblages fold space, and the virtual is a real dimension of space. Accordingly, the main contribution to the conceptual understanding of space and the virtual is the construction and specification of the three postulates. The notion of the virtual as an ontological dimension emerges, with direct implications for the conception and conceptualization of space. The ontology of becoming offers an alternative point of departure, a different perspective on the virtual, and thereby also on virtual geography. This is further elucidated by returning to the point of departure for the dissertation project. The postulates contribute to subject theory in human geography by providing an alternative point of departure for future theoretical research and the formulation of new theories. Accordingly, the particular conception of space expressed in the three postulates brings a challenge in terms of both method and vocabulary.
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Miller, Ethan L. "Rethinking Economy for Regional Development: Ontology, Performativity, and Enabling Frameworks for Participatory Vision and Action". 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/630.
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The stories we tell about "the economy" in discourses of regional economic development play an active role in shaping our economic realities. The construction of more equitable, democratic and ecologically-sound economies must involve an interrogation of our assumptions about what “the economy” is, how it works, and how these conceptions shape our senses of agency and possibility. I argue in this thesis that key texts in regional economic development present a concept of economy that renders the interrelationships between social, economic and ecological processes invisible or beyond ethical contestation, restricts the field of economic possibility, and generates a problematic sense of necessity in the pursuit of endless growth and competition. Effectively enacting different forms of economic relationship requires different economic ontologies. After exploring in some detail, through engagement with the work of Butler, Laclau and Mouffe and Latour, the proposition that "the economy" is socially-produced and that economic ontologies can be "performative,” I investigate the alternative economic ontologies of Karl Polanyi, Stephen Gudeman and J.K. Gibson-Graham. Offering a conceptualization of economy as a process of actively constructing livelihoods in which human and more-than-human participation are recognized and the ethical nature of this interdependence is placed at the forefront of economic negotiation and construction, I distill a provisional toolbox of economic questions, concepts and coordinates which might become sites of new learning, imagination and construction when placed in the hands of communities who seek a different kind of development.
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Amelio, Ravelli Andrea. "Annotation of Linguistically Derived Action Concepts in Computer Vision Datasets". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1200356.
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In the present work, an in-depth exploration of IMAGACT Ontology of Action Verbs has been traced, with the focus of exploiting the resource in NLP tasks. Starting from the Introduction, the idea of making use of IMAGACT multimodal action conceptualisation has been drawn, with some reflections on evidences of the deep linking between Language and Vision, and on the fact that action plays a key role in this linkage. Thus, the multimodal and multilingual features of IMAGACT have been described, with also some details on the framework of the resource building. It followed a concrete case-study on IMAGACT internal data, that led to the proposal of an inter-linguistic manual mapping between the Action Types of verbs which refer to cutting eventualities in English and Italian. Then, a series of ex-periments have been presented, involving the exploitation of IMAGACT in linking with other resources and building deliverable NLP products (such as the Ref-vectors of action verbs). One of the experiments has been described extensively: the visual enrichment of IMAGACT through instance population of its action concepts, making use of Audio Description of movies for visually impaired people. From this last experiment it emerged that dealing with non-conventional scenarios, such as the one of assessing action reference similarity between texts from different domains, is particularly challenging, given that fine-grained differences among action concepts are difficult to derive purely from the textual representation.
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MUTLAK, MERFAT. "I verbi di azione dell'arabo standard nell'ontologia dell'azione IMAGACT". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1159323.
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Action verbs have many meanings, covering actions in different ontological types. Moreover, each language categorizes action in its own way. One verb can refer to many different actions and one action can be identified by more than one verb. The range of variations within and across languages is largely unknown, causing trouble for natural language processing tasks. IMAGACT is a corpus-based ontology of action concepts, derived from English and Italian spontaneous speech corpora, which makes use of the universal language of images to identify the different action types extended by verbs referring to action in English, Italian, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, etc. This paper presents the infrastructure and the various linguistic information the user can derive from it. IMAGACT makes explicit the variation of meaning of action verbs within one language and allows comparisons of verb variations within and across languages. Because the action concepts are represented with videos, extension into new languages beyond those presently implemented in IMAGACT is done using competence-based judgments by mother-tongue informants without intense lexicographic work involving underdetermined semantic description.
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Matos, Alexandra Isabel de Sousa. "Product information management for complex modular security systems". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/39100.
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Um sistema PIM gere toda a informação que possibilita a comercialização dos produtos
através de diferentes canais. A sua importância durante o ciclo de vida de um produto
aumentou devido à sofisticação técnica dos produtos, a gerir internamente e a publicar
externamente. Sistemas, tais como o ERP e o CCMS, deverão integrar-se com um sistema
PIM, o qual deve funcionar como a “espinha dorsal” da informação de produto.
O presente projeto tem como objetivo principal a criação de uma solução para gerir a
informação de produto para sistemas modulares complexos. A proposta de solução inclui
a criação de uma ontologia para parte dos inúmeros sistemas disponíveis no catálogo de
produtos de uma das maiores organizações multinacionais do setor de engenharia e
tecnologia a nível mundial. O processo de criação da solução proposta baseou-se na
metodologia de investigação pesquisa-ação e foi dividido em cinco fases. Na fase de
diagnóstico descreveu-se e analisou-se a atual situação dos sistemas ERP e CCMS que
gerem o catálogo online dos sistemas de produtos comercializados. Levantaram-se ainda
as taxonomias de produto atuais e elaborou-se a proposta. Na fase de planeamento da
ação descreveram-se a equipa de trabalho, a abordagem inspirada na metodologia Agile
usada para desenvolver a solução, as reuniões de planeamento, os parceiros de trabalho,
as ferramentas a usar e a sua justificação. Na fase de tomada de ação foi descrito o
processo de criação da solução ontológica e o resultado final, incluindo a construção das
novas taxonomias e a sua validação pelos especialistas. Propuseram-se exemplos e
representações gráficas usando a ferramenta Protégé. Na fase de avaliação, a solução
ontológica foi testada, tendo-se validado que os requisitos necessários foram satisfeitos
pela estrutura. Na fase de especificação de aprendizagem propuseram-se os próximos
passos para a implementação e gestão futura do modelo ontológico.
Com esta solução, a organização poderá gerir mais eficientemente a informação de
produto e a estrutura de dados. Ela possui versatilidade para gerir produtos individuais ou
sistemas modulares complexos e melhorar a sua comunicação com o cliente. Além disso,
a ontologia tem ainda um enorme potencial se combinada com técnicas de IA. Algumas
limitações do projeto e propostas de trabalhos futuros foram ainda apresentadas.
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Klouda, Jiří. "Ontologie a fenomenalita dějinnosti". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352268.
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The first part of the thesis deals with the constitution of the modern conception of history as an independent ontological region, which is characterized by its reflexivity, i.e. the same word history does mean both action and knowledge, information about it. From this perspective, attention is paid to the main stages of development of historiography. We start with constitution of the modern conception of history in the Enlightenment and its philosophical explanation in Kant (§ 2). Followed by an analysis of the historical method developed by Droysen, being shown how the methodological limitations of this approach were associated with understanding the historical reflexivity as identity, inherited from idealistic philosophy (§ 3). A rejection of the sociological approaches in historiography refers to fundamental differences in the conception of the relationship of knowledge and action in both types of disciplines (§ 4). Great attention is paid to the renaissance of historiography attaching to enforcement cultural-anthropological paradigm, in which it was seen as a solution of problems connected with historicism and social science approach (§ 5). The second part concentrates on the analysis of the basic philosophical assumptions of cultural anthropology. Exploration leads to the establishment of the...
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Davis, Kierrynn. "Finding voice, being heard and living in the tension : novice nurse academics critical engagement with a problem orientated curriculum in the academic and practice setting". Thesis, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/213.
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This thesis is an account of the lived experience of doing research in the critical paradigm in the context of the discipline of social ecology. It is a story with actors, a plot, and actions over time. The Worldview of social ecology has embedded within its epistemology the scope for the creative act of narrative, therefore this thesis is a critical conversation told in four voices. The research was embedded in critical social science methodology and method, and attempted to understand and transform the problematics concerning the social relations, practice, language and discourse which were uncovered when five novice nurse academics engaged in teaching a problem-orientated curriculum in the practice setting. It was a critical action research project based predominantly on the Kemmis and McTaggart Model (1988). The research also debated the nature of participative, collaborative action research undertaken in the context of gaining an educational qualification. Relevant to this point, two other contexts of the research were uncovered. The lived experience of ?doing? critical action research with colleagues and friends, in the context of gaining an educational qualification revealed both the praxis nature of ethical research and the reclaiming of an authoritative women?s voice in the academy. The ethical nature of research in critical social science, and the nature and role of human identity was explored in an effort to conceptualise both a methodology and a self identity which was embedded in a context of mutual growth. This growth was similar to Bookchin?s (1990) transitory states of ?becoming? what we wished to become in the academy. It was what is known in organisations as professional development. The author named this becoming, ?Finding a Women?s Voice and Being Heard?. Although ?finding voice? is situated in the personal, ?being heard? involves the ?not I? together with structural features of institutions. As a collaborative group, the participants actioned strategies in an attempt to deal with the structural limitations to our ?becoming?. These strategies, together with the consciousness raising nature of this particular action research project, enabled participants to speak of their own empowerment within an academic context in which they were often rendered powerless.
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Van, Tonder Anna Magrieta. "On the serious social implications of humorous art". Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2259.
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Modern humour appears to initiate the deconstruction of modern correspondence thinking. A close examination shows the opposite, namely that modern humour forms part of correspondence thought in a complicated reciprocal relationship of disruption and support. Ironically, humour is particularly suited to explicating the deconstruction of correspondence thinking in poststructuralist language theories by being prone to refute cornerstone principles of modernism such as truth, rationality, reliability and permanence. This dissertation focuses on the exceptional suitability of humour to adapt to the loss of the centre and to demonstrate the shift from the modernist ontological approach to the postmodernist creative metaphorical approach to art. Humour, like metaphor, reinvents meaning rather than discovers it; it remains open-ended instead of offering closure. It becomes a valid creative option and enters a new dynamic into a postmodern culture of play where truth and meaning remain infinitely suspended in an ungrounded state of possibility.Art History, Visual Arts & Music
M.A. (Visual Arts)
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Sarapura, Silvia L. "Gender and Agricultural Innovation in Peasant Production of Native Potatoes in the Central Andes of Peru". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/6661.
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Native potatoes are an important element of food security both as a direct food source and as a cash crop for peasant producers in the Andes of Peru. Production is basically for self-consumption and the shift to commercialization is a challenge. As a response, the Papa Andina Initiative (COGEPAN) was initiated to promote market innovation and pro-vide relative advantage to producers to respond to emerging markets. Research is limited on the integration, information and communication in relation to social relations. Old and new nonreciprocal relations and roles among stakeholders, consequences of customary practices, undermine the ability of female peasant producers. Any process requires an un-derstanding of culture, traditions and the gendered practices of agricultural production. As the research was premised on a feminist perspective, a sequential explanatory and mixed design was utilized for obtaining background and contextual data in a way that coupled collecting sex-disaggregated data with iterative planning activities readjusting the research to sharpen its focus on women. The situation of Andean peasant women within modern-day agricultural innovation systems is influenced by traditions and cus-tomary laws embedded in the specific lifeworlds of peasant communities. In COGEPAN, gender relations and roles are changing from the macro to the individual levels. Each change opens up new opportunities to shape innovation and benefit women. The partici-patory nature of market chains unfolds spaces for women to reveal leadership abilities. Gender relations and innovation have shifted in their own areas of interest or spheres. However, other gender issues are still embedded in peasant farming systems and the na-tive market chain. Results allow the researcher to recommend further policy analysis. The full range of women’s and men’s activities, resources, and benefits has to be reflected in the assessment of the innovation system and continuing activities. Gendered socio-economic factors affecting the adoption of proposed technological or institutional innova-tions need to be considered. Structural obstacles have to be addressed by implementing policies that facilitate peasant women’s advancement. The design and implementation of policy and legislation have to acknowledge that communities are not homogeneous and mechanisms have to be context-specific to achieve equitable representation of women and men.Government of Ontario, IDRC/AUCC - LACREG, University of Guelph
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Saunders, Jane E. "Between surfaces a psychodynamic approach to cultural identity, cultural difference and reconciliation in Australia /". 2006. http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/public/adt-VVUT20071129.092250/index.html.
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