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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Acces to benefits"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 7 de septiembre de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Acces to benefits"

Laoudias, Christos, Artyom Nikitin, Panagiotis Karras, Moustafa Youssef y Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti. "Indoor Quality-of-position Visual Assessment Using Crowdsourced Fingerprint Maps". ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems 7, n.º 2 (febrero de 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3433026.

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Internet-based Indoor Navigation (IIN) architectures organize signals collected by crowdsourcers in Fingerprint Maps (FMs) to improve localization given that satellite-based technologies do not operate accurately in indoor spaces where people spend 80%–90% of their time. In this article, we study the Quality-of-Position (QoP) assessment problem, which aims to assess in an offline manner the localization accuracy that can be obtained by a user that aims to localize using a FM. Particularly, our proposed ACCES framework uses a generic interpolation method using Gaussian Processes (GP), upon which a navigability score at any location is derived using the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). We derive adaptations of ACCES for both Magnetic and Wi-Fi data and implement a complete visual assessment environment, which has been incorporated in the Anyplace open-source IIN. Our experimental evaluation of ACCES in Anyplace suggests the high qualitative and quantitative benefits of our propositions.

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Stere, Șerban, Eugen Roşca, Mircea Roşca y Florin Ruscă. "Reorganizing Students Acces in University Politehnica of Bucharest Campus and Influences on Car Traffic Externalities". Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 11, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjti-2022-0015.

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Abstract Transport activities are regarded as one of the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Even though in other economic sectors the trend is to reduce the greenhouse emissions, the transportation field has been facing a continuous growth with negative effects on the environment. Due to its harmful potential for the inhabitants of large urban areas, a special attention is required as the land use individualities, transport network features and both spatial and temporal distribution of human activities often leads to traffic congestion. Universities represent an important pole of attraction because of their role as centers of teaching, research and employment and the mobility generated by them must be taken into account. This research aimed to both develop an analysis of greenhouse emissions in urban congested areas and present the influence of a new pedestrian bridge between University Politehnica of Bucharest campus and student dormitories. An economic analysis is conducted to emphasize that the new construction will lead to benefits in terms of the reduction of travel time, vehicle operating costs, the level of greenhouse gas emissions, etc.

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Apriyanti, Hani Werdi y Judi Budiman. "Financial Access Improvement For MSME “ Herbal Medicnine Cluster” Through Financial Reporting Assistance". ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 5, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2022): 1721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v5i1.1734.

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Financial access is needed by busines, especially micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Financial access is able to provide certainty regarding the adequacy of funding for MSMEs. There are several factors that affect financial acces. One of them is the existence of financial information from financial report which relfect the business activities. Financial institutions will usually require the financial report in determining funding decisions. Financial report is a tool that can provide information about the company's performance, as well as information related to the company's cash flow. Financial reports is needed for prospective creditors to get an overview of business activities during one reporting period, and business prospects in the future. Financial report can provide information needed by prospective creditors as a basis for consideration in funding decisions. Not all micro, small and medium enterprises have the ability to prepare financial reports. Business actors who are members of the MSME group have the same problem, namely not being able to compile financial reports. This condition can hinder business actors from accessing finance. Business actors will find it difficult to get access to the capital needed for business development. Therefore, training and assistance programs in the preparation of financial reports are needed for business actors. This program aims to provide an understanding related to the importance of financial statements, the benefits of financial statements for businesses, and to train the ability of business actors in preparing financial reports.

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Setiyo Permadi, Gilang, Bustami Rahman y Iskandar Zulkarnain. "The Power of Exclusion Indigenous People Mapur Bangka". Social Science Studies 3, n.º 1 (27 de enero de 2023): 581–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47153/sss31.5482023.

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The closed access to land for the community is an interesting problem to study, because land is a resource that provides benefits for life. The closed access to land is felt by the Mapur Indigenous People who have a constellation of customary forests, the inability to gain access is interpreted as exclusion. Exclusion does not occur randomly, but is shaped by the interaction of power. This research is to analyze the process of exclusion of the Mapur Indigenous People and describe the implications of exclusion for the lives of the Mapur Indigenous People. The case study method is used because of the uniqueness of the cases and their research subjects which are unique and different from other subjects. Collecting data using observation interviews, documentation, and archival records. The results of this study indicate that ini the process of exclusion, it was initiated by the tin case through the deregulation of the tin trading system which made changes to the pattern of life of the Mapur Indigenous People to become modern, with the expansion of oil palm, the Mapur Indigenous People could no longer freely acces tin because land did not exist, also with agriculture. From the process of exclusion, there are forces that work to shape exclusion, namely the market, regulation, coercion, and legitimacy. The implications of this exclusion are loss of land caused by incoming corporations, uprooting of their identity because they feel unappreciated, and conflicts between close relatives or conflicts from within which damage the family structure and interactions between them.

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Willett, Chris y Andrea Fejos. "Consumer Access to Justice: The Role of the ADR Directive and the Member States". European Review of Private Law 24, Issue 1 (1 de febrero de 2016): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2016003.

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Abstract: This article takes it to be vital to decide whether the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Directive provides a version of access to justice that is suitably sensitive to the consumer market. The Directive is deficient in this regard, at least to the extent that it does not make ADR processes mandatory or binding for businesses. Nevertheless, if Member States choose mandatory and binding processes, this may be compatible with the fundamental right to judicial protection, if emphasis is placed on efficiency benefits. If they choose voluntary processes/non-binding decisions, success will depend partly on incentives, sanctions, and monitoring at EU and Member State levels. Résumé: Cet article juge primordial d’evaluer si la directive est a meme d’offrir un acces a la justice qui soit adapte aux particularites des consommateurs. A cet egard, la directive s’avere lacunaire, au moins dans la mesure ou elle ne rend pas la procedure REL (reglement extrajudiciaire des litiges) obligatoire ou contraignante pour les professionnels. Cependant,le choix par les Etats membres d’une procedure obligatoire et contraignante pourrait etre compatible avec le droit fondamental a la protection juridictionnelle, si l’accent est mis sur les avantages de l’efficacité. Si les Etats membres optent pour une procedure volontaire ou des decisions non contraignantes, le succes du systeme dependra en partie des incitations, des sanctions ainsi que du controle au niveau tant de l’UE que des Etats membres.

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Sontiva, Nessa, Laili Rahayuwati y Mamat Lukman. "Persepsi Siswi SMAN Tanjungsari Terhadap Pencegahan Primer Penyakit Kanker Serviks". Jurnal Keperawatan 'Aisyiyah 6, n.º 1 (16 de septiembre de 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33867/jka.v6i1.118.

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Cervical cancer was a disease that happen in many women. Prevalence of cervical cancer was high. Therefore, it is necessary to prevalence of cervical cancer. However, the cervical cancer prevention behavior was still low. One of the factors which affected it was the perception of primary prevention of cervical cancer. Early sexual intercourse behavior was one of the risk factors of cervical cancer, especially in teen age. This study aimed to determine the perception of senior high school woman about the primary prevention of cervical cancer disease. This research was a quantitative descriptive study. Using the stratified random sampling technique. This research was conducted at Tanjungsari senior higth school female. This stud involved 216 female student at that school. The data were collected using a questionnaire with Likert scale. The questionnaire contents included perceptions susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers. The instrument validity was 0,367 â€“ 0,717 and the reliability was 0,811. The results showed that SMAN Tanjungsari students mostly had negative perception about susceptibility of cervical cancer (94,9%), positive perception toward cervical cancer seriousness (94%), positive perception toward primary prevention benefit of cervical cancer (98,6% ), and positive perceptions of primary prevention barrier of cervical cancer (96.8%). The conclusion of this research was the majority of student of SMAN Tanjungsari have positive perception toward primari prevention of cervical cancer disease. Based on these results, health services and educational institutions might develop establish a program o cervical cancer prevention that eas to acces by all student. So it will be a supporting factor for high school female to make efforts to prevent cervical cancer.

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Fauziah, Riana Damayanti. "PERAN YAYASAN TENDAVISI INDONESIA DALAM MENGATASI KRISIS AIR MELALUI PROGRAM WAKAF SUMUR DI KAMPUNG SITUSIPATAHUNAN DESA BALEENDAH". Comm-Edu (Community Education Journal) 4, n.º 2 (20 de mayo de 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/comm-edu.v4i2.6437.

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The background of the research is about phenomenon of situsipatahunan village. People around the situsipatahunan are continuining to suffer from acces poor to water and hygiene. The purpose of research is : (1) To find out the process of well waqf program. (2) To find out the relationship between the well waqf program with the community empowerment process. The type of research is descriptive field research by using qualitative approach. Then the techniques to collect data in research uses interview, observation, and documentation. The research location is in the kampung situsipatahunan rt/rt 03/05 desa Baleendah, kec. Baleendah - kab. Bandung and the subject research are the management of the foundation as a responsible person of well waqf program and the communities who resceive the benefits off well waqf as many as fourty families around the construction of well waqf. Based on the result the activity of well waqf program goes well. The program is carried out by means of sites surveys activities, fundraising and the well waqf execution. The relationship between well waqf and community empowerment is the use off well waqf to increase the economic level of people in Situsipatahunan village.

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Listiyawan, Drajad, Yusman Syaukat y A. Faroby Falatehan. "Pola Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Melalui Program Pinjaman Tunda Tebang di Kabupaten Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah". Forum Agribisnis 12, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2022): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.12.1.60-75.

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Private Forest is the forest located outside forest area and growing on land that is encumbered with land rights. Private forest have important role need to be maintained to support benefits for economic, social and ecological aspects. In addition to provide financial benefits, private forest have environmental services potential to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2). To strengthen business capital forestry in order rehabilitation of forest and land, the government form public services center for financing forest development (BLU Pusat P2H), Ministry of Environments and Forestry. This research aims to evaluate delaying timber harvesting loan in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. The research was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021. Sampling by 182 respondents which consist of debitor farmers and non debitor farmers in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. The research results show that the average income level of debitor farmers greater than the average income non debitor farmers. Private forest management activities are still done traditionally and simply. The level of financial feasibility was calculated by Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio) on the loan interest rate 7,5%. The study showed that R/C Ratio 1,79. Total population density in debitor farmers private forest was 19.561 tree was carbon stock trees contain 11.345,38 ton CO2, non debitor farmers forest was 13.003 tree was carbon stock trees contain 7.541,74 ton CO2. Evaluation with likert scale show that the implementing delaying timber harvesting loan in Wonogiri Regency about 72,442% it is mean good category. The results of the analysis showed that the process of service this loan has a weakness in long terms of the time period of submission and distribution of funds showed that the process of the submission of credit proposals debitor reached the stage of distribution of fund need range time six months then required increased acces services loan quickly .

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Kania, Dede. "BANTUAN HUKUM BAGI MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA CIMAHI TAHUN 2016". Asy-Syari'ah 20, n.º 2 (21 de diciembre de 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/as.v20i2.3079.

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AbstractLegal assistance is a constitutional right of every citizen that is non-derogable rights as an effort to fulfil access to justice and equality before the law, especially for the poor and who doesn’t understand law. The implementation of legal assistance in the Cimahi Religious Court are not optimum due to lack of information, the presence of individuals who seeks personal benefits, and a common sense of high cost advocate services. This study is aimed to determine the implementation of legal assistance for the poor in the Cimahi Religious Court along with its supporting factors. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive analytical method and an empirical juridical approach. The utilized data are primary and secondary data. Data collection is done by interview techniques and literature studies. The implementation of legal assistance in the Cimahi Religious Court is still not effective due to legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities, community factors and cultural factors. The inhibiting factor in legal assistance is a lack of socialization, difficult access for the community, and a culture in apparatus seeking personal gain. Supporting factors in legal assistance include good relations between legal aid agencies, increased awareness of the Village apparatus and KUA, and the existence of Cimahi Religious Court Website.Keywords:legal assistance, equality before the law, poor society. AbstrakBantuan hukum merupakan hak konstitusional setiap warga negara yang bersifat non derogable rights sebagai upaya mewujudkan Acces to Justice dan Equality Before The Law terutama untuk masyarakat miskin dan buta hukum. Fenomena yang terjadi di Pengadilan Agama Cimahi masih kurangnya informasi bantuan hukum, adanya oknum yang mencari keuntungan pribadi, dan anggapan mahalnya jasa advokat membuat pelaksanaan bantuan hukum belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin di Pengadilan Agama Cimahi beserta faktor penghambat dan penunjangnya. Penelitian menggunkn penelitian kualitatif dengan metode Deskriptif Analitis dn pendekatan Yuridis Empiris. Data yang digunakan adalah data Primer dan Sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dan studi pustaka. Pelaksanaan bantuan hukum di Pengadilan Agama Cimahi masih belum efektif karena faktor hukum, faktor penegak hukum, faktor sarana, faktor masyarakat dan faktor budaya. Faktor penghambat dalam bantuan hukum adalah kurangnya sosialisasi, akses masyarakat yang masih sulit, dan ada budaya di aparat yang mencari keuntungan pribadi. Faktor penunjang dalam bantuan hukum diantaranya adanya hubungan baik antar lembaga pemberi bantuan hukum, meningkatnya kesadaran perangkat Desa, KUA dan ada Website Pengadilan Agama Cimahi.Kata Kunci :Bantuan Hukum, Equality Before The Law, Masyarakat Miskin

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Andrés, Luis, Bertha Briceño, Claire Chase y Juan A. Echenique. "Sanitation and externalities: evidence from early childhood health in rural India". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, n.º 2 (18 de marzo de 2017): 272–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.143.

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This paper estimates two sources of benefits related to sanitation infrastructure access: a direct benefit households receive when they have access to sanitation infrastructure, and an external benefit produced by the neighborhood's access to sanitation infrastructure. Using a sample of children under age four from rural areas of India in the Third Round of District Level Household Survey 2007–08, the study demonstrates evidence of positive direct benefits and a concave positive externality for improved sanitation and fixed-point defecation. The paper finds that a child who moves from a household without improved sanitation and a low ratio of village access to a household with improved sanitation and a high ratio of village access enjoys a reduction in diarrhea prevalence of 47 percent. From this, one-fourth of this benefit is due to the direct benefit, leaving the rest to external gains. These results hold under several robustness checks.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Acces to benefits"

Wilkinson, Renee y Renee Wilkinson. "Equal Access: Providing Urban Agricultural Benefits to Under-Served Communities". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12358.

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This study examines the potential contribution market research could make to planning urban farm locations. Substantial research identifies access to healthy foods as a significant barrier for under-served communities. Under-served communities are those struggling with food insecurity, poor nutrition and poor community cohesion. Urban farm locations could be more strategically planned to connect healthy food access and other secondary benefits to these vulnerable communities. This market research based methodology is applied to Portland, Oregon, using GIS data to map where future urban farms should be placed. The final product of this study is a prioritized list of potentially suitable sites in Portland, Oregon, for a future urban farm. This methodology could be applied in other urban areas to increase access to healthy foods among under-served communities.

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Garshong, Bertha. "Benefit incidence of health services in Ghana and access factors influencing benefit distribution". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9453.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-214).
Universal coverage is built around financial protection and access to needed care for all members of the society. The main focus in many countries, including Ghana, has been on financial protection. However removing financial barriers does not necessarily remove other access barriers to the use of health care services. The extent to which a population gains access to health care depends on a multiplicity of factors. The study investigated the distribution of health care benefits across socioeconomic groups, assessed if these benefits are distributed according to need and identified health system and community access factors that influence the distribution of benefits from using health care services in Ghana, in order to identify policy options for promoting equitable access to and use of health services in Ghana.

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Best, Christina Rose. "The psychological and physical health benefits associated with the human-pet bond". Thesis, The Author [Mt.Helen, Vic.] :, 1997. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/54169.

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Chirara, Simbarashe C. "Social inclusion : an e-government approach to access social welfare benefits". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2018. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/35355/.

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Today, governments worldwide are seizing the benefits of the Internet for better government administration. Governments must provide services to all citizens, but this is most challenging to achieve electronically when some citizens are offline, yet transformational to the government administration when achieved. Therefore, the thesis investigated the factors influencing egovernment adoption in Nottingham where social welfare benefits will be claimed exclusively online via the Universal Credit (UC) system. UC is an example of a government service conforming to the broader UK Digital by Default strategy for government administration, which supports the EU goal of improving social inclusion through digital inclusion. Therefore, the motivation for the thesis is social justice for those digitally excluded citizens who may be socially impacted by the unintended consequences of e-government initiatives. The study used an adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model to understand the factors influencing citizens' adoption of UC. The research model added Internet experience, awareness, security and trust as external factors influencing adoption, while hedonic motivation was modelled as an internal factor. UTAUT2 was also modified to reflect the broader goal of social inclusion. The study demonstrated that the behavioural intention to adopt e-government depended on whether the digital public service had a fall-back to use traditional channels or not. 61.3% of the benefits claimants were unaware of UC rollout in Nottingham, which indicates a lack of citizen readiness. Overall, the experience of using the Internet, facilitating conditions, behavioural intention and the habit of using digital public services determined usage behaviour. 40.2% of the participants thought digital inclusion improved their social lives, while 30.9% were indifferent. The 40.2% indicates a good starting point for e-government adoption. These findings led to the Modified UTAUT2 (M-UTAUT2) model, which is applicable outside the case study. The thesis also made other theoretical contributions. The findings and the conclusions from the qualitative and quantitative researches conducted as part of the build-up to the thesis were used to derive an e-government adoption process that considers the continued use of e-government, which leads to successful e-government. The model has two processes: awareness (with two stages: awareness and initial use) and habitual (with one stage: continued use). Additionally, the study recommended the global digital technology market as a new e-government actor due to the changing digital inclusion landscape.

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Alkan, Özgür BaÅ ak 1977. "Choices and benefits : alternative access and venue sites for Ä°stanbul Olympics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30111.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.
Some pages folded and some maps have transparent overlays.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-154).
This thesis is based on the idea that the Olympics, a global mega-project that interrupts and re-channels the forces of urban evolution in its host city, can be planned in ways that bring long-term benefits to that city. It is inspired by the urban regeneration of Barcelona in 1992 and the environmental achievements of the Sydney Olympics in 2000. The immense mobilization of resources for the Olympics, however, has a potential to deliver even more to the city. In this thesis, I will present an alternative Olympic plan for Istanbul, a three-time bidder for the Olympics that seeks to guide the city to a more environmentally sustainable future. I begin the thesis with twelve photographs that convey my observations of Atlanta, Athens and Istanbul, in the post-Olympic, pre-Olympic and bidding stages of Olympic development. The photographs reveal the significance of sports venue location and transportation choices for the Long-term impacts of the Olympic event on the environment. A quick survey of past host cities shows similar patterns of Olympic development; in Chapter I, I analyze the IOC's Manual for Candidate Cities to identify planning guidelines that limit planners' toolkit. Following a brief analysis of Istanbul's Olympic plan submitted for the 2008 Summer Games in Chapter I, I devote Chapter II to an exploration of environmental benefits that can potentially be derived from the Olympics, Laying down the conditions for their realization.
(cont.) In Chapter III, I study the environmental history of Istanbul and generate a vision for a sustainable future that can guide site selection and transportation investments for the Olympics. The Alternative Olympic Plan for Istanbul introduced in Chapter IV is ambitious. It aims to reverse the trend of environmental destruction in Istanbul by channeling the city's growth away from environmentally sensitive zones in the north by strategically locating Olympic investments. The epilogue, in conclusion, contains reflections on the thesis topic and directions for future research.
by Özgür, BaÅak Alkan.
M.Arch.
M.C.P.

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Aguirre, Quiroz Gerardo Daniel. "Evaluation of the potential benefits of using Licensed Shared Access in the Americas". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177165.

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Internet has become an ubiquitous service and human need. Mobile networks have been struggling with the "Mobile Data Tsunami", an increase in mobile broadband consumption due to faster networks, powerful devices and more traffic-demandingapplications, as well as a higher penetration volume. According to Cisco mobile data traffic is expected to grow to 15.9 exabytes per month by 2018, that is almost eleven times the mobile data traffic of 2013. Spectrum is a key factor for network deployments, since it determines the capacity of the network. Nonetheless, spectrum is a limited natural resource, i.e. a finite, non-exhaustible common resource. In order to fulfill the high performance targets of future mobile broadband (MBB) systems, a more efficient use and more effective management of spectrum resources have to be developed. Licensed Shared Access is a new complementary spectrum access scheme that allows for the sharing of partially used licensed spectrum from an incumbent (e.g. a government organization), by a limited number of “LSA licensees” (e.g. Mobile Network Operators). The LSA agreement follows pre-defined dynamic or static sharing conditions, that determine where, when and how to use the incumbent’s spectrum. The implementation of Licensed Shared Access needs the support of a very good regulatory framework and follow the harmonized spectrum pathway. Spectral harmonization, or the uniform allocation of frequency bands across entire region lowers the technology costs, making it easier for any country to consider its implementation. Once adpoted throughout the regions, economies of scale are achieved. Some first steps towards a new framework based on LSA have been given in Europe and North America, however to consider LSA as a real option, a complete analysis considering more markets is needed. It is crucial to consider how other regions around the world can be affected by this new approach in order to see if LSA is a viable option or not. The approach taken in this research covers the interrelations between technical, market and regulatory conditions in the Americas in order to present the possible value of LSA. The first part of the study deals with the analysis of the technical aspects of LSA. The following parts deal with under what conditions the evaluation is made. First, the study deals with the market conditions found in the Americas as a whole, to then deal with a more specific study of the market and regulatory conditions of selected countries in the region. The research showed how there are several ways LSA can bring positive value to established and emerging actors in the Americas, specially in high traffic areas, and/or indoor environments. However, and despite the advantages of LSA, the timing is not there yet. The region still has plenty of spectrum to be allocated as exclusive spectrum, which is preferred by operators. The low mobile broadband penetration in most of the region is also a factor for the low value of LSA in the time of this study.
Internet har blivit en allmänt förekommande service och mänskliga behov. Mobilnät har kämpat med "Mobile Data Tsunami", en ökning av mobilt konsumtions bredband på grund av snabbare nät, kraftfulla enheter och fler trafik-krävande applikationer, samt en högre penetration volym. Enligt Cisco mobil datatrafik förväntas växa till 15,9 exabyte per månad år 2018, är att nästan elva gånger den mobila datatrafiken 2013. Spektrum är en nyckelfaktor för nätutbyggnad, eftersom det avgör kapaciteten i nätet. Ändå är spektrum en begränsad naturresurs, dvs en ändlig, icke-ändliga gemensam resurs. För att uppfylla de höga resultatmål för framtida mobilt bredband (MBB) system, en effektivare användning och effektivare hantering av spektrumresurser måste utvecklas. Licensierad Shared Access är en ny kompletterande tillgång spektrum system som gör det möjligt att dela med sig av delvis använda licensierat spektrum från en befintlig (t.ex. en statlig organisation), med ett begränsat antal "LSA licenstagare" (t.ex. Mobile Network Operators). LSA Avtalet följer fördefinierade dynamiska eller statiska delningsvillkor, som bestämmer var, när och hur man använder den dominerande operatörens spektrumet. Genomförandet av Licensed delat tillträde behöver stöd från en mycket bra regelverk och följer den harmoniserade vägen spektrumet. Spectral harmonisering, eller en enhetlig fördelning av frekvensband över hela regionen sänker teknikkostnader, vilket gör det lättare för något land att överväga dess genomförande. En gång är anpassad efter hela regioner, är skalfördelar uppnås. Några första steg mot en ny ram baserad på LSA har fått i Europa och Nordamerika, men att betrakta LSA som ett verkligt alternativ, krävs en fullständig analys med tanke på fler marknader. Det är viktigt att fundera på hur andra regioner runt om i världen kan påverkas av denna nya metod för att se om LSA är en möjlig lösning eller inte. Ansatsen i denna forskning omfattar samspelet mellan tekniska, marknadsmässiga och rättsliga villkoren i Amerika för att presentera det möjliga värdet av LSA. Den första delen av studien behandlar analysen av de tekniska aspekterna av LSA. Följande delar behandlar vilka villkor utvärderingen görs. Först behandlar studien med de marknadsförhållanden som finns i Amerika som helhet, för att sedan ta itu med en mer specifik undersökning av marknaden och regler i utvalda länder iregionen. Forskningen visade hur det finns flera sätt LSA kan ge positivt värde till etablerade och nya aktörer i Amerika, speciellt i högtrafikerade områden, och / eller inomhusmiljöer. Men trots fördelarna med LSA, är tidpunkten inte där ännu. Regionen har fortfarande gott om spektrum att fördelas exklusiv spektrum, som föredras av operatörerna. Den låg mobilpenetration bredband i större delen av regionen är också en faktor för det låga värdet av LSA i tiden för denna studie.

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Mei, Anne Pieter van der. "Free movement of persons within the European Community cross-border access to public benefits /". [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5984.

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Thomas, Alaina D. "Benefits of the state acres for wildlife enhancement practice for bird populations in Kansas". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18720.

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Master of Science
Division of Biology
Brett K. Sandercock
Grassland birds have experienced population declines worldwide from habitat degradation caused by conversion to agriculture and recent intensification of land use, including increased use of fertilizer, fossil fuels, and irrigation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) includes initiatives targeting wildlife enhancement to mitigate ongoing declines in grassland bird populations. The newest CRP practice, State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE), was designed to restore vital habitats for high priority wildlife species throughout the United States. Our objective was to assess the potential benefits of SAFE for upland gamebirds and grassland songbirds in Kansas. We monitored lands enrolled in SAFE to estimate bird density based on field scale and landscape scale characteristics. Our study was conducted in three ecoregions: Smoky Hills (4 counties), Flint Hills (3 counties), and the High Plains (3 counties). We surveyed 121 SAFE fields and 49 CRP fields from 2012 – 2013. Northern Bobwhite density was negatively associated with percent litter within survey fields. Ring-necked Pheasant density differed among ecoregions, and was positively associated with percent bare ground in the High Plains, but negatively associated with field age in the Smoky Hills. Mourning Dove density differed among ecoregions, and was negatively associated with percent forb in the High Plains, and positively associated with percent grassland in the Smoky Hills. In the Flint Hills, Mourning Doves were negatively associated with CRP fields and large fields. Brown-headed Cowbirds were positively associated with percent forbs. Amount of CRP surrounding survey locations was positively associated with bird density through the entire range for Grasshopper Sparrows, Dickcissels, and Lark Buntings, and in the High Plains for Western Meadowlarks. Percent woodland had negative effects on Western Meadowlarks in the Smoky Hills, whereas percent cropland had negative effects on Eastern Meadowlarks statewide. CRP positively affected abundance of four of our species, whereas percent cropland and woodland negatively affected others. Thus, the amount of set-aside lands enrolled in SAFE could be important for grassland bird populations. SAFE and CRP supported equal numbers of Northern Bobwhites and Ring-necked Pheasants, suggesting SAFE provides benefits for target species of upland gamebirds.

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Baker, Gabriela Rosalie. "Community perceptions of the barriers and benefits to local food access in Northeast Ohio". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin151213414094815.

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Kelly, Justin. "On the Benefit of Cooperation of Secondary Users in Dynamic Spectrum Access". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76835.

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For the past 70 years, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has been the licensing authority for wireless spectrum. Traditionally, spectrum was commercially licensed to primary users with defined uses. With the growth of personal communication systems in the 1990''s, unallocated spectrum has become a scarce commodity. However, since most primary users are active only at certain times and places, much of the allocated spectrum remains underutilized. Substantial holes exist in the spatio-temporal spectrum that could be opportunistically used by unlicensed secondary users. As a result, the FCC is considering allowing secondary users to opportunistically use frequencies that are not being used by primary users. If multiple secondary users are present in the same geographical area, the concept of Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) allows these users to share the opportunistic spectrum. If several secondary users want to use a limited set of frequency resources, they will very likely interfere with each other. Sensing is a distributed technique where each transmitter/receiver pair senses (both passively and actively) the available channels and uses the channel that provides the best performance. While sensing alone allows sharing of the spectrum, it is not the optimal method in terms of maximizing the capacity in such a shared system. If we allow the secondary users to collaborate and share information, optimal capacity might be reached. However, collaboration adds another level of complexity to the transceivers of the secondary users, since they must now be able to communicate (Note that in general, the secondary users may have completely different communication protocols, e.g., Wi-Fi and Bluetooth). Additionally, optimizing the capacity of the available spectrum could have other negative side effects such as impacting the fairness of sharing the resources. Our primary goal is to explore the benefit of this cost-benefit tradeoff by determining the capacity increase obtainable from collaboration. As a secondary goal, we also wish to determine how this increase in capacity affects fairness. To summarize, the goal of this work is to answer the question: Fundamentally, what is the benefit of collaboration in Dynamic Spectrum Sharing?
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Libros sobre el tema "Acces to benefits"

John, Mugabe, African Centre for Technology Studies., World Resources Institute y IUCN Environmental Law Center, eds. Access to genetic resources: Strategies for sharing benefits. Nairobi, Kenya: ACTS Press, 1997.

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Jacoby, Hanan. Access to markets and the benefits of rural roads. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1998.

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Oommen, Oommen V., K. P. Laladhas, Prakash Nelliyat y Balakrishna Pisupati, eds. Biodiversity Conservation Through Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16186-5.

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Burt, Martha R. Strategies for improving homeless people's access to mainstream benefits and services. Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, 2010.

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Smagadi, Aphrodite. Medicinal bioprospecting: Policy options for access and benefit-sharing. London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2009.

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Stanton, Mark W. Employer-sponsored health insurance: Trends in cost and access. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2004.

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Bhatt, Seema, Suneetha M. Subramanian y Sanjay Kabir Bavikatte. Community based experiences on access and benefit sharing: Case studies. Chennai: National Biodiversity Authority, 2012.

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John, Mugabe, African Centre for Technology Studies. y World Resources Institute, eds. Managing access to genetic resources: Towards strategies for benefit-sharing. Nairobi, Kenya: ACTS Press, African Centre for Technology Studies, 1996.

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Massachusetts. General Court. House of Representatives. Committee on Post Audit and Oversight. Preliminary review : welfare benefits behind bars: A rare occurrence or widespread problem? Boston]: General Court of Massachusetts, Committee on Post Audit and Oversight, Post Audit and Oversight Bureau, 1991.

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Margaret, Andrews, Cole Nancy 1950-, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Food and Consumer Service. Office of Analysis and Evaluation y Abt Associates, eds. Evaluation of the expanded EBT demonstration in Maryland: Food store access and its impact on the shopping behavior of food stamp households. [Alexandria, VA]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Service, Office and Analysis and Evaluation, 1997.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Acces to benefits"

Rowan, Wingham. "Easy access to capital". En Net Benefit, 43–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333982808_7.

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Schroeder, Doris y Julie Cook Lucas. "Towards Best Practice for Benefit Sharing Involving Access to Human Biological Resources: Conclusions and Recommendations". En Benefit Sharing, 217–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6205-3_10.

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Rajasekhar, D., M. Devendra Babu y R. Manjula. "MGNREGS, Elite and Access to Benefits". En Decentralised Governance, Development Programmes and Elite Capture, 105–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1900-6_6.

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Dewilde, Caroline. "Poverty and access to welfare benefits". En Routledge International Handbook of Poverty, 268–84. 1. Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058103-21.

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Ahlén, Anton y Joakim Palme. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Sweden". En IMISCOE Research Series, 421–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_28.

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Abstract While the Swedish welfare state has undergone an intensified market orientation and a number of cutbacks since 1990, it has maintained many of its universal characteristics. It still provides all residents with a rather extensive system of benefits from the cradle to the grave. This chapter contributes to a systematic and detailed analysis of eligibility criteria and conditions for accessing social benefits in five core policy areas of the Swedish social security system. As universalism continues to be a cornerstone of the Swedish welfare state, nationality or the immigration status of a person does not condition his/her entitlement to social security benefits. More recently, however, a political debate has emerged regarding immigration and the welfare system, both in terms of the benefit system being a magnet that attracts migrants and concerning the capacity of the system to cope with large-scale immigration. By discussing the main features of the Swedish welfare regime and key patterns and policy developments in the field of migration, the chapter seeks to account for recent developments, trends and directions in the access to social protection for residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.

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Altbach, Philip G. "The Costs and Benefits of “Open Access”". En The International Imperative in Higher Education, 115–18. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-338-6_25.

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Kohli, Kanchi y Shalini Bhutani. "Can Benefi ts Be Shared? Three Tangles for Access and Benefit Sharing". En Environmental Challenges and Solutions, 121–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42162-9_7.

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Ainsaar, Mare y Ave Roots. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Estonia". En IMISCOE Research Series, 137–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_9.

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Abstract This chapter analyses the social protection system in Estonia mainly from the immigration viewpoint. Perhaps because of low immigration rates in recent decades, immigration and emigration issues are seldom explicitly regulated in the Estonian legal system. Our findings indicate that social security rights are based mostly on legal resident status in Estonia, although EU foreign residents sometimes benefit from some better conditions, mainly in terms of taking into account employment records in other EU countries. Missing waiting periods for entitlement to social benefits guarantee that newly arrived immigrants have similar rights with long-term residents.

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Fukuda, Shuichi. "Instinctive Access and Emotional Benefit Sharing". En Emotional Engineering, Vol. 9, 17–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05867-7_2.

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Murray, Gisela, Chun-Po Yen y Juan S. Uribe. "Physiologic Benefits and Impacts of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgeries". En Lateral Access Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 23–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28320-3_3.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Acces to benefits"

DE-PABLOS-HEREDERO, Carmen y Miguel BLANCO-CALLEJO. "The Smart Tourist Spanish Destination Program Critical Success Factors". En ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000124.

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Smart Tourist Destinations (STD) are innovative tourist destinations highly enabled by technolog- ical infrastructures, aimed to assure the sustainable development of tourism, allowing full acces- sibility, and making easier for visitors to interact with elements in destination. Literature review evidence shows how these destinations apart from increasing the quality of tourists’ experiences at destinations, improve the quality of life among residents. In the last decade, a great investment has been done in the creation and maintenance of STD. Spain is the second world power in tour- ism, and it has recently put into action the STD Program. This program is oriented to develop a management model of tourism that includes different dimensions: governance, innovation, tech- nology, sustainability, and accessibility oriented to create and preserve STD. It is supported by a method concerned with providing recommendations, action plans and a system to monitor final outcomes. In this paper, the Spanish STD Program is described, and a case of success is presented, focusing on the main benefits of the method such as the fact that it is a powerful tool to prioritize some innovative actions, the achievement of greater competitiveness because of a rational use of tourism resources, the improvement in the quality of stay of visitors and the increase in terms of residents’ quality of life. Long term positive impacts in the environmental areas are also analysed from a sustainable perspective.

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Brenot, R., G. De Valicourt, F. Poingt, F. Lelarge y F. Pommereau. "Potential benefits and limitations of SOA in Access Networks". En Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2010.athc1.

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V. Knight, Linda, Theresa A. Steinbach y Raffaella and Settimi. "An Exploratory Analysis of Intranet Benefits". En InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2936.

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An exploratory survey of business professionals from a broad range of organizations indicates that potential intranet benefits are both difficult to achieve and highly interrelated. Although many organizations implement intranets in the hope of generating cost savings or improving knowledge sharing across organizational units, this study indicates that the only likely benefit of implementing an intranet is faster access to information. The study also suggests that the most difficult benefit to achieve is generating a more cooperative work environment, and that developing an intranet that improves the quality and relevance of information is foundational to achieving most other intranet benefits.

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Suikat, Reiner, Nils Carstengerdes, Yves Guenther, Sebastian Schier, Dag Kjenstadt y Michael Sinen. "Handling disruptions in Total Airport Management using what-if enabled systems". En 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003843.

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Total Airport Management (TAM) is an operational concept that brings together the main stakeholders at an airport to collaboratively develop a plan for the airport operations, the so-called Airport Operations Plan (AOP). This AOP contains scheduled and targeted times as well as resource plans for all flight operations related events such as on- or off-block times, runway scheduling, ground handling resource planning, etc. In case of a disruptive event at the airport the stakeholders will collaboratively develop a strategy on how to best solve the issues such that the impact on operations overall is minimized. Such disruptive events could for example be related to weather, strikes, or security incidents.The flight related processes, e.g. stand/gate planning, turnaround planning, runway assignments, flight scheduling are forming a closely-knit process network. Each of these processes is under the control of one of the stakeholders, and therefore it is very difficult for them to predict the effect of any decision they might take on the overall operations. This necessitates a process on how to analyze the effects of different stakeholder options on the overall operation before actually taking a decision and activating it in the AOP. This process is called a what-if process and is seen as a vital enabler for an efficient and successful TAM. In the context of the SESAR TAM projects an operational concept for performance-based airport management in case of meteorologically caused disruptions has been developed along with tool prototypes to support the operators with what-if functionality. In the latest TAM project (PJ04) this concept has been validated to reach Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 (prototype in operational environment) and both performance and human factors benefits of the approach have been demonstrated with a validation exercise taking place in the Airport Control and Operations Center Simulator (ACCES) at DLR in Braunschweig with operational experts from Oslo Gardermoen airport. In this validation exercise the stakeholders were confronted with a forecasted winter weather situation typical for the airport, where de-icing and runway cleaning is required. The weather forecast and actual weather conditions during the exercise were based on real recorded data and a newly developed MET alerting service provided de-icing and snow alerts with increased accuracy as the actual time of the event approached. The first section of the paper will address the operational concept with a focus on the use of the what-if functionality. Then a brief description of the newly developed tools is given, explaining processes and essential tools enabling effective what-if analysis, the prediction algorithm required to perform what-if analysis and the graphical user interface for the interaction between stakeholders and tools. Next the validation exercise will be described, followed by a presentation of the results, which clearly show benefits both in airport performance as well as the human factors situation awareness, workload, trust, teamwork and usability. Especially the human factors related results, which have been obtained both from standard and bespoke questionnaires, will be explained in detail. The results obtained from the exercise are very promising and suggestions for future research will be provided to conclude the paper.

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Stojadinovic, Dragoslav, Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo, Prasanthi Maddala, Ivan Seskar y Wade Trappe. "SC2 CIL: Evaluating the Spectrum Voxel Announcement Benefits". En 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2019.8935730.

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Lu, Weijie, Linjun Lu, Hezheng Bi y Jian Lu. "Modeling the Safety Benefits of Converting Signalized Y Shaped Junctions to Signalized T Junctions". En Access Management Theories and Practices. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413869.012.

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Tomkos, Ioannis. "On the benefits of open access FTTH networks". En 2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2012.6254449.

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Cui, Zhan, Ernesto Damiani y Marcello Leida. "Benefits of Ontologies in Real Time Data Access". En 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dest.2007.372004.

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Leusden, Christoph Pels, Christoph Sorgenfrey y Lutz Du¨mmel. "Performance Benefits Using Siemens Advanced Compressor Cleaning System". En ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38184.

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Extensive operational performance data from the Siemens Power Generation V64.3 unit in Obernburg, Germany (operated by Kraftwerk Obernburg GmbH) is evaluated. The unit was commissioned in 1996 and has been running continuously in base load operation with fuel gas to supply heat and power to a nearby chemical plant. In rare cases, fuel oil is used as a backup fuel. During the first major outage after approx. 25000 equivalent operating hours (EOH), the Siemens PG Advanced Compressor Cleaning System (ACCS) was implemented at Obernburg. ACCS features separate nozzle systems for online and offline compressor cleaning accounting for different operating conditions. For online cleaning, the droplet size is optimised for the droplets to remain in the main air flow in order to minimize erosion effects while providing a homogeneous field over the whole air intake. With reduced rotational speed during offline compressor cleaning, erosion is less critical. Offline nozzles, therefore, provide higher mass flow and larger droplets in order to maximize cleaning performance for all compressor stages. ACCS, in its maximum automated version, features operation from the control room, online-washing at low ambient temperatures (officially released down to −15°C without GT Anti-Icing) and minimum use of manpower. The ACCS system in Obernburg was operated according to the recommended online washing procedure. By June 2002, the V64.3-unit in Obernburg reached 50000 EOH and the second major inspection was carried out. For this paper, operational data from the second inspection intervals (24350–49658 EOH) and from three performance tests with calibrated equipment are compared in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the Advanced Compressor Cleaning System. Statistical evaluation of single-wash performance recovery and the evolution of long-term performance are presented. The effects of degradation and fouling are differentiated. It is shown that ACCS has a significant benefit for long-term engine performance.

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Vyas, Deepak, K. C. Roy y Abhishek Katariya. "Performance & Benefits of Optical Code Division Multiplexing Access". En 2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csnt.2011.131.

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Informes sobre el tema "Acces to benefits"

Mathieu, Sophie. Access to Parental Benefits in Canada. The Vanier Institute of the Family, febrero de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61959/p210910q.

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Along with subsidized childcare, parental benefits are an important policy tool to help parents balance paid work and childcare. In Canada, only employed parents who meet certain eligibility criteria can receive benefits. This means that, whereas the birth or the adoption of a child creates new expenses for all families, only some families in Canada are eligible for benefits. And while parental benefits in Quebec are paid through the Quebec Parental Insurance Program (QPIP), these benefits are paid through the Employment Insurance (EI) program in the rest of Canada. After almost three decades of increased accessibility to benefits between 1971 and 1996, the replacement of the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program with Employment Insurance (EI) in 1997 made access to parental benefits more difficult for families in Canada. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the eligibility criteria for parental benefits were temporarily relaxed. On September 25, 2022, the federal government quietly reinstated pre-pandemic eligibility criteria to access parental benefits. What does this mean for families in Canada?

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Mosha, Devotha B., John Jeckoniah, Aida Isinika y Gideon Boniface. The Influence of Sunflower Commercialisation and Diversity on Women's Empowerment: The Case of Iramba and Mkalama Districts, Singida Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.014.

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There is a growing body of literature that argues that normally women derive little benefit from cash crops. Some of the barriers leading to women having less benefit from cash crop value chains include cultural norms and power differences in access to, and control over, resources among actors in value chains. It is also argued that women’s participation in different forms of collective action help women to increase benefits to them through their increased agency, hence enabling them to utilise existing and diverse options for their empowerment. This paper explores how women have benefited from their engagement in sunflower commercialisation and how culture has influenced changes in access to, and control over, resources, including land, for their empowerment.

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O'Leary, Christopher J., William E. Spriggs y Stephen A. Wandner. Equity in Unemployment Insurance Benefit Access. W.E. Upjohn Institute, diciembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/pol2021-026.

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Brown, S. Kathi y Erik Nelson. High-Speed Internet Access Benefits All South Dakotans: Infographic. AARP Research, enero de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00332.003.

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Dasgupta, J., K. P. Oli, M. Kollmair y T. D. Dhakal. Glossary of Access and Benefit Sharing Terms. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.467.

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Malamud, Ofer, Santiago Cueto, Julian P. Cristia y Diether Beuermann. Research Insights: Do Children Benefit from Internet Access? Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012991.

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Resumen

In Latin America and the Caribbean, there exists an important digital divide which can have important implications for children's educational development. In particular, many children in the region lack access to the internet at home, which could potentially impact their academic and cognitive growth. The potential implications of lack of digital resources on childrens development took center stage during the school closures induced by the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Franks, Jeffery J. y John D. Bransford. Constraints on Access: Costs and Benefits (Spontaneous Memory for Relevant Experiences). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada208562.

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Prasanna, Ashreeta, Jane Lockshin, Megan Day y Kate Anderson. LA100 Equity Strategies. Chapter 9: Equitable Community Solar Access and Benefits. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2221841.

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Sekar, Ashok, Ashreeta Prasanna, Paritosh Das, Megan Day y Kate Anderson. LA100 Equity Strategies. Chapter 8: Equitable Rooftop Solar Access and Benefits. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2221840.

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