Literatura académica sobre el tema "Abiotic inducers"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Abiotic inducers"
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Roatti, Benedetta, Michele Perazzolli, Cesare Gessler y Ilaria Pertot. "Abiotic Stresses Affect Trichoderma harzianum T39-Induced Resistance to Downy Mildew in Grapevine". Phytopathology® 103, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2013): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-13-0040-r.
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Enhancement of plant defense through the application of resistance inducers seems a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling crop diseases but the efficacy can be affected by abiotic factors in the field. Plants respond to abiotic stresses with hormonal signals that may interfere with the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance (ISR) to pathogens. In this study, we exposed grapevines to heat, drought, or both to investigate the effects of abiotic stresses on grapevine resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum T39 (T39) to downy mildew. Whereas the efficacy of T39-induced resistance was not affected by exposure to heat or drought, it was significantly reduced by combined abiotic stresses. Decrease of leaf water potential and upregulation of heat-stress markers confirmed that plants reacted to abiotic stresses. Basal expression of defense-related genes and their upregulation during T39-induced resistance were attenuated by abiotic stresses, in agreement with the reduced efficacy of T39. The evidence reported here suggests that exposure of crops to abiotic stress should be carefully considered to optimize the use of resistance inducers, especially in view of future global climate changes. Expression analysis of ISR marker genes could be helpful to identify when plants are responding to abiotic stresses, in order to optimize treatments with resistance inducers in field.
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Ahmed, Hamada F. A., Sameh Elnaggar, Gomaa A. Abdel-Wahed, Ragab S. Taha, Awais Ahmad, Wadei A. Al-Selwey, Hoda M. H. Ahmed, Naeem Khan y Mahmoud F. Seleiman. "Induction of Systemic Resistance in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers". Biology 12, n.º 6 (30 de mayo de 2023): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12060789.
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The possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Trichoderma asperellum) and two biofertilizers (i.e., microbein and mycorrhizeen), while the abiotic inducers included three chemical materials (i.e., ascorbic acid, potassium silicate, and salicylic acid). In addition, preliminary in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the tested inducers on the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results show that G. catenulatum was the most efficient biocontrol agent. It reduced the linear growth of Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina by 76.1, 73.4, and 73.2%, respectively, followed by B. subtilis by 71.4, 69, and 68.3%, respectively. Similarly, potassium silicate was the most effective chemical inducer followed by salicylic acid, each at 2000 ppm. They reduced the linear growth of F. solani by 62.3 and 55.7%; M. phaseolina by 60.7 and 53.1%; and F. oxysporum by 60.3 and 53%, respectively. In the greenhouse, all inducers applied as a seed treatment and/or foliar spray strongly limited the development of root rot and wilt diseases. In this regard, G. catenulatum, at 1 × 109 CFU mL−1, achieved the highest values of disease control, followed by B. subtilis; while T. asperellum, at 1 × 105 CFU mL−1, recorded the lowest values. In addition, the plants treated with potassium silicate followed by salicylic acid, each at 4 g/L, recorded the highest disease control compared to ascorbic acid at 1 g/L, which had the lowest values. The mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein (at 10 g/kg seeds) was the most effective compared to either of them alone. All treatments, applied alone or in combination in the field, significantly reduced the incidence of diseases. The most effective treatments were a mixture of G. catenulatum (Gc) + Bacillus subtilis (Bs) + Trichoderma asperellum (Ta); a mixture of ascorbic acid (AA) + potassium silicate (PS) + and salicylic (SA); G. catenulatum; potassium silicate; and a mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein. Rhizolix T had the highest disease-reducing efficacy. In response to the treatments, significant improvements in growth and yield, changes in biochemicals, and increased activities of defense enzymes were achieved. This research points to the activity of some biotic and abiotic inducers that can play a vital role in managing the root rot and wilt of roselle through the induction of systemic plant resistance.
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Silva, Raquel Maria da, Edcleyton José de Lima, Maria Alane Pereira Barbosa, Wellington Leal dos Santos, Edson Flávio Teixeira da Silva, Cesar Auguste Badji, Cristina Maria de Souza-Motta, João Tiago Correia Oliveira y Keila Aparecida Moreira. "Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in genotypes of Opuntia spp. against artificial infestation of Dactylopius opuntiae submitted to biotic and abiotic resistance inducers". Research, Society and Development 10, n.º 5 (11 de mayo de 2021): e41610515106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15106.
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Products of biotic and abiotic origin are being investigated for use in pest management, many of these substances can act as resistance inducers, which induces the metabolism of enzymes involved in defense mechanisms. There is a search for efficient and alternative ways of controlling carmine cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell), the main pest of forage palm (Opuntia spp) in Northeast Brazil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of biotic and abiotic inducers on the palms to induce resistance through the activity of the antioxidant enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, using an Completely Randomized Design (CRD), distributed in a factorial scheme (3x8x3) with three Opuntia genotypes, eight treatments: Trichoderma viride URM 6824, Trichoderma viride URM 6823, Aureobasidium pullulans URM 6874, salicylic acid, chitosan, amino butyric acid, distilled water with the insect (positive control), distilled water without the insect (negative control), with three collection periods and four repetitions. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), the means being compared by the Scott-Knott test at the level of 5% probability (p <0.05) and by orthogonal contrasts. The biological inducers T. viride URM 6824 and T. viride URM 6823 as well amino butyric acid influenced the increase in the enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase. This result demonstrates the potential for use in alternative management, and future studies are needed to deepen the applicability in field conditions.
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Czerwoniec, Patrycja. "New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines". Open Chemistry 20, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 1591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0261.
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Abstract The novel and revolutionary approach to plant protection presented in this work, based on the preparation of bifunctional salts of a plant resistance inducer combined with a polyamine cation, may become a potential solution in the future for reducing the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses to which the plant is exposed. This study presents the synthesis, physical properties, phytotoxicity, and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induction efficacy of new salts composed of the anion of plant resistance inducers and N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethylpropane-1,3-diammonium cation (5 salts), N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethyl-butane-1,4-diammonium cation (5 salts), spermidine salicylate, and spermine salicylate. SAR induction efficiency tests were performed on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi, infected with the tobacco mosaic virus.
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Saberi Riseh, Roohallah, Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani, Marzieh Ebrahimi-Zarandi y Yury A. Skorik. "Alginate-Induced Disease Resistance in Plants". Polymers 14, n.º 4 (9 de febrero de 2022): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040661.
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Plants are continuously exposed to a wide range of pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses; therefore, survival under these conditions requires a sophisticated defense system. The activation of defense responses and related signals in plants is regulated mainly by the hormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. Resistance to pathogen infection can be induced in plants by various biotic and abiotic agents. For many years, the use of abiotic plant resistance inducers has been considered in integrated disease management programs. Recently, natural inducer compounds, such as alginates, have become a focus of interest due to their environmentally friendly nature and their ability to stimulate plant defense mechanisms and enhance growth. Polysaccharides and the oligosaccharides derived from them are examples of eco-compatible compounds that can enhance plant growth while also inducing plant resistance against pathogens and triggering the expression of the salicylic acid-dependent defense pathway.
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Campos Neto, Jose R. M., Leonardo de J. M. G. de Oliveira, Nathalia B. Diniz, Ivaneide de O. Nascimento y Antonia Alice C. Rodrigues. "Abiotic Compounds as Inducers of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Tomatoes". Journal of Agricultural Science 10, n.º 9 (13 de agosto de 2018): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p373.
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To study the effects of resistance inducers used to control fusarium wilt in tomatoes due to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. lycopersici, we evaluated the effects of ASM (acibenzolar-S-methyl), Agro-Mos, chitosan, Biopirol and neem oil on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici mycelial growth and sporulation and systemic resistance in tomatoes. In vitro experiments comprised evaluations of the products’ effects on the mycelial growth and sporulation of the PDA (potato dextrose agar) growth medium-cultured pathogen. In vivo experiments included product application to tomato plants of the Santa Cruz cultivar that were grown for 25 days on autoclaved soil, followed by determinations of disease severity and peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase enzyme activity levels, which are related to the process of resistance induction. Pathogen inoculation occurred after 5 days at a concentration of 106 conidia/mL. We evaluated the disease according to a rating scale. Enzymatic activity was determined according to specific protocols. Neem oil controlled pathogen mycelial growth and sporulation, while ASM influenced sporulation. The products reduced the severity of wilt in the plants. We highlight neem oil, Agro-Mos and Biopirol due to their ability to induce significant peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase expression, respectively.
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Walters, Dale, David Walsh, Adrian Newton y Gary Lyon. "Induced Resistance for Plant Disease Control: Maximizing the Efficacy of Resistance Elicitors". Phytopathology® 95, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2005): 1368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-1368.
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Plants can be induced to develop enhanced resistance to pathogen infection by treatment with a variety of abiotic and biotic inducers. Biotic inducers include infection by necrotizing pathogens and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and treatment with nonpathogens or cell wall fragments. Abiotic inducers include chemicals which act at various points in the signaling pathways involved in disease resistance, as well as water stress, heat shock, and pH stress. Resistance induced by these agents (resistance elicitors) is broad spectrum and long lasting, but rarely provides complete control of infection, with many resistance elicitors providing between 20 and 85% disease control. There also are many reports of resistance elicitors providing no significant disease control. In the field, expression of induced resistance is likely to be influenced by the environment, genotype, and crop nutrition. Unfortunately, little information is available on the influence of these factors on expression of induced resistance. In order to maximize the efficacy of resistance elicitors, a greater understanding of these interactions is required. It also will be important to determine how induced resistance can best fit into disease control strategies because they are not, and should not be, deployed simply as “safe fungicides”. This, in turn, will require information on the interaction of resistance elicitors with crop management practices such as appropriate-dose fungicide use.
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Lienart, Yvette, Catherine Gautier y Hugues Driguez. "Immobilized sugars as abiotic inducers of β-d-glycanohydrolases in plant cells". Plant Science 68, n.º 2 (enero de 1990): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(90)90225-d.
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Satguru, Prasad Yadav, Prasad Rajendra, Kumar Sonit, Shahid Mohammad, Pandey Sonika, Srivastava Mukesh y Kumar Sunil. "Induction of defense response in Indian mustard against Alternaria blight through abiotic inducers". African Journal of Microbiology Research 9, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2015): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2014.7222.
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Brini, Faiçal y Walid Saibi. "Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in Brassicaceae plants under abiotic stresses". SDRP Journal of Plant Science 5, n.º 1 (2021): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jps.5.1.ra.10694.
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Brassicaceae plants, as an important source of primary and secondary metabolites, are becoming a research model in plant science. Plants have developed different ways to ward off environmental stress factors. This is lead to the activation of various defense mechanisms resulting in a qualitative and/or quantitative change in plant metabolite production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is being continuously produced in cell during normal cellular processes. Under stress conditions, there are excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity, ROS are considered as important secondary messengers of signaling pathway that control metabolic fluxes and a variety of cellular processes. Plant response to environmental stress depends on the delicate equilibrium between ROS production, and their scavenging. This balance of ROS level is required for performing its dual role of acting as a defensive molecule in signaling pathway or a destructive molecule. Efficient scavenging of ROS produced during various environmental stresses requires the action of several non-enzymatic as well as enzymatic antioxidants present in the tissues. In this review, we describe the ROS production and its turnover and the role of ROS as messenger molecules as well as inducers of oxidative damage in Brassicaceae plants. Further, the antioxidant defense mechanisms comprising of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been discussed. Keywords: Abiotic stress, Antioxidant defence, Brassicaceae, Oxidative stress, ROS
Tesis sobre el tema "Abiotic inducers"
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Sarkar, Tanushree. "Studies on resistance of trichosanthes dioica and their induction with chemical inducers against fungal pathogen". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4760.
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Fernández, Crespo Emma. "Estudio integral de los mecanismos de resistencia inducida. Inductores frente a estrés biótico y abiótico". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398704.
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En este trabajo se ha demostrado que el NH4+ actúa como inductor de resistencia frente a estrés salino en cítricos, observándose acumulación de ABA, poliaminas (PAs), H2O2 y prolina. También se ha demostrado que plantas de tomate crecidas con NH4+ muestran una reducción de los síntomas de la enfermedad producida por Pst. El estudio del modo de acción de la NH4+-IR reveló que los mecanismos inducidos en las plantas en respuesta a NH4+, tales como la acumulación de ABA, PAs y H2O2 son clave para la inducción de aclimatación sistémica adquirida (SAA) que confiere a las plantas de tomate resistencia frente a Pst.
Por último, se ha demostrado que el virus MNSV induce en plantas de melón una compleja red hormonal de respuesta, así como la acumulación de calosa y ROS. El Hx resultó ser efectivo como inductor de resistencia frente a virus evitando el paso del virus al floema.In this work, we reveal that NH4+ nutrition in citrange Carrizo plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. We investigated its mode of action and provide evidence that NH4+ confers resistance by priming abscisic acid and polyamines, just as enhancing H2O2 and proline basal content. Moreover, we demonstrated the NH4+ nutrition induces-resistance (NH4+-IR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) in tomato plants. N-NH4+ plants displayed basal H2O2, abscisic acid (ABA) and putrescine (Put) accumulation. H2O2 accumulation acted as a signal to induce ABA-dependent signalling pathways required to prevent NH4+ toxicity. This acclimatory event provoked an increase of resistance against later pathogen infection. We studied the basal response of melon (Cucumis melo) to Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and demonstrated the efficacy of the hexanoic acid priming that blocks the virus systemic spread. We analyzed callose deposition and ROS production, as well as the hormonal profile and gene expression at the whole-plant level.
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Mandal, Parimal. "Induction of resistance in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) by biotic and abiotic inducers aganist lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat) griffon & mauble for management of diplodia disease". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1353.
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Braaf, Ryan. "Zirconium-induced physiological and biochemical responses in two genotypes of Brassica napus L". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4874.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScSouth Africa is one of two countries responsible for the production of approximately 80% of the world’s Zr. The increase in mining activity has detrimental effects on the environment, especially crop plants, as more pollutants are leached into the soil. Consequently, it is necessary to understand how plants respond to this form of abiotic stress. Therefore, this study focused on determining the physiological and biochemical responses of two genotypes of Brassica napus L (Agamax and Garnet) in response to Zr stress. The levels of cell death, lipid peroxidation and ROS were higher in Garnet, whereas the chlorophyll content was higher in Agamax. Furthermore, native PAGE analysis detected seven SOD isoforms and seven APX isoforms in Agamax, compared to 6 SOD isoforms and 7 APX isoforms in Garnet. The results thus indicate that Agamax is tolerant to Zr-induced stress, whereas Garnet is sensitive. An assay for the rapid quantification of Zr within plant samples was subsequently developed, which revealed that Agamax retained the bulk of the Zr within its roots, whereas Garnet translocated most of the Zr to its leaves. The ability of Agamax to sequester Zr in its roots comes forth as one of the mechanisms which confers greater tolerance to Zr-induced stress. As a consequence, our study sought to use the optical, physical and chemical properties of quantum dots to image the uptake and translocation of Zr in B. napus genotypes. ICPOES was also performed to quantify Zr levels in various plant organs. Data from the ICPOES revealed varying patterns of uptake and translocations between Garnet and Agamax. These patterns were similarly shown in IVIS Lumina images, tracing the transport of QD/Zr conjugates. This method ultimately proved to be successful in tracing the uptake of Zr, and could essentially be a useful tool for targeting and imaging a number of other molecules.
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Hadi, Fazal. "The physiological and molecular characteristics of chemically induced abiotic stress resistant mutants of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/298.
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N-nitroso-N-ethyleurea (NEU) and N-nitroso-N-methyleurea (NMU) induced mutants and control plants had been maintained in in-vitro condition for 3 years by continuous sub-culturing and screened 2 generations for resistant mutants selection. In this study highly resistant mutants were regenerated and assessed by leaf discs assay for drought, salt and frost resistance to confirm the persistence of mutation over generations of subculture. Assessment was carried out using mannitol (drought stress), NaCl (salt stress) and freezing (frost stress). Cold-acclimated and non-acclimated leaves were assessed for frost resistance. Results confirmed the persistence of mutations in clones with enhanced tolerance levels to stresses over control plants. Response of individual mutants was different for each of the stresses, some mutants were resistant to two stresses whilst others demonstrated multiple resistance and no one mutant was resistant to a single stress. Acclimation at 4 °C appeared good enough to increase frost resistance compared to non-acclimation. Acclimation also tended to emphasis the difference between mutants and some mutants (K18 & K19) showed highly significant increase in frost resistance at -6 °C compared to control. Responses of in-vitro and in-vivo plants within a clone were correlated. Molecular and biochemical analysis was carried out with objectives (1) To investigate the presence of CBF/DREB1 and COR15 genes in cauliflower (2) To investigate whether the induced resistance can be attributed to the expression of these genes and proline level. The clones (mutants and control) were analyzed under cold acclimation (4 °C) and non-acclimation (22 °C). Total RNA was isolated after 3 h, 6 h, 24 h and 14 d acclimation. Proteins and free proline were isolated after 14 d acclimation. Under non-acclimation, RNA, protein and proline isolated once at end of experiment. cDNA was produced using RT-PCR, with specific primers the gene was detected only in acclimated clones and no PCR product appeared under non-acclimation. The PCR product was isolated, sequenced, and compared the nucleotides and deduced amino acid sequences with other plants. Very high resemblance (- 91 %) with Brassica species (BnCBF5/DREB1, BrDREB1 and BjDREB1B) were found and confirmed the first reporting of the transcription factor BoCBF/DREB1 in cauliflower. This resemblance was reduced to 67% when compared to other plants, confirms that this sequence is conserved in Brassica. The transcript level increased up to 24 h acclimation and then declined. The response of the mutants was different, some showed PCR product at 3 h while others only after 6 h and 24 h acclimation. Through SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, the COR15a protein was detected with specific antibodies obtained from MSU (USA), and the blots appeared in all clones under cold acclimation correlated with frost resistance but under non-acclimation the COR15a constitutively expressed only in 3 mutants with increased frost resistance that confirms the persistence of mutation. The genotypes showed positive correlation between BoCBF/DREB1 expression and frost resistance and this correlation was significant after 24 h and 14 d cold acclimation. The highest R² value was found between BoCBF/DREB1 expression at 14 d and EC% at -6 °C (93.43% of variation accounted for) followed by BoCBF/DREB1 expression at 24 h and EC% at -6 °C (82.57%). The proline level under acclimation increased about 8 times compared to non-acclimation and demonstrated positive and significant correlation with BoCBF/DREB1 expression. Proline also showed positive and significant correlation with frost resistance under cold acclimation but very weak under non-acclimation. The effect of cold acclimation on proline and total protein was evaluated and negative correlation was found to be non significant between free proline and total protein content in clones.
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Drechsler, Frank Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schirawski y Joost T. van [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dongen. "Suppressor of apical dominance1 of the maize pathogen Sporisorium reilianum induces outgrowth of subapical ears by induction of abiotic stress response / Frank Drechsler ; Jan Schirawski, Joost Thomas van Dongen". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1162499222/34.
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Drechsler, Frank [Verfasser], Jan Akademischer Betreuer] Schirawski y Joost T. van [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dongen. "Suppressor of apical dominance1 of the maize pathogen Sporisorium reilianum induces outgrowth of subapical ears by induction of abiotic stress response / Frank Drechsler ; Jan Schirawski, Joost Thomas van Dongen". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1162499222/34.
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Jourdan, Jonas Verfasser], Martin [Gutachter] Plath y Jörg [Gutachter] [Oehlmann. "Role of abiotic factors and biotic interactions in biological invasions : a comparison of natural and human-induced invasions in freshwater ecosystems / Jonas Jourdan ; Gutachter: Martin Plath, Jörg Oehlmann". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122193696/34.
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Barreto, Pedro Paulo 1988. "Alterações no metabolismo energético provocadas pela superexpressão da proteína desacopladora mitocondrial 1 (UCP1) em tabaco induzem biogênese mitocondrial e resposta global a estresses : Alterations on energy metabolism caused by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) overexpression in tobacco induce mitochondrial biogenesis and global stress response". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317202.
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Orientador: Paulo ArrudaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barreto_PedroPaulo_D.pdf: 2593736 bytes, checksum: 667c2ed03e1e7e51ac393087c3acc7ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A proteína desacopladora mitocondrial 1 (UCP1) é uma proteína mitocondrial codificada pelo núcleo capaz de desacoplar o gradiente eletroquímico usado para a síntese de ATP, dissipando a energia na forma de calor. A descoberta de homólogos e ortólogos da UCP1, sugere outros papéis fisiológicos para estas proteínas. As UCPs podem servir como uma válvula de escape, diminuindo a força protonmotiva (PMF) e reduzindo a produção de ROS em condições desfavoráveis. Plantas superexpressando UCPs se desenvolvem melhor quando submetidas a estresses bióticos e abióticos. Estas plantas demonstraram diminuição na produção de ROS, alteração no estado redox celular, além de um aumento no metabolismo energético e na fotossíntese. Neste trabalho nós investigamos os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no metabolismo energético celular e resposta a estresses em plantas de tabaco superexpressando a UCP1 de A. thaliana. Demonstramos, através de análises moleculares e genômicas, que a superexpressão da UCP1 é capaz de provocar o aumento na respiração desacoplada em mitocôndrias isoladas, diminuir o conteúdo de ATP intracelular, e desencadear um processo de sinalização retrógrada que resulta na indução de genes mitocondriais e genes responsivos a estresses. Esta sinalização retrógrada resultou na indução do processo de biogênese mitocondrial verificado pelo aumento no número e área mitocondrial por célula, além de alterações morfológicas nestas organelas. O processo de biogênese mitocondrial nestas plantas é acompanhado pelo aumento na expressão de um grande número de genes responsivos a estresses, o que resulta no melhor desempenho e reduzida produção de ROS mitocondrial quando submetidas a estresses abióticos. A análise detalhada do transcriptoma de plantas superexpressando UCP1 em comparação com plantas selvagens demonstrou uma forte conexão entre os metabolismos mitocondrial, citoplasmático e cloroplástico para compensar as alterações provocadas pelo aumento na atividade da UCP1. Um grande número de fatores de transcrição ainda não caracterizados foram identificados e podem representar bons alvos para investigações futuras a respeito da regulação da biogênese mitocondrial e do metabolismo energético em plantas. Os resultados contidos nesta tese nos permitem melhor compreender a flexibilidade do metabolismo energético em plantas e identificar possíveis reguladores do processo de biogênese mitocondrial e resposta a estresses em plantas
Abstract: The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein capable of uncouple the electrochemical gradient used for ATP synthesis, dissipating energy as heat. The discovery of UCP1 homologues, and its corresponding orthologues suggest diverse physiological functions for these proteins. UCPs may serve as an escape valve, decreasing the proton motive force (PMF) and preventing ROS production under unfavorable conditions. Plants overexpressing UCPs perform better under biotic and abiotic stresses. These plants show diminished ROS production, alteration of cell redox homeostasis, increased energy metabolism and photosynthesis. In this work we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying cell energy metabolism and stress response in tobacco plants overexpressing an Arabidopsis thaliana UCP1. We demonstrated through molecular, cellular and genomic tools that UCP1 overexpressing plants is capable of increasing uncoupled respiration of isolated mitochondria, decrease intracellular ATP levels, and trigger a retrograde signaling that resulted in a broad induction of mitochondrial and stress response genes. The retrograde signaling resulted in the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis verified by increased mitochondrial number, area and alterations on mitochondrial morphology. The increased mitochondrial biogenesis in these plants accompanied by the broad increase in the expression of stress responsive genes, may be responsible for the diminished ROS production and the better performance of these plants when submitted to several abiotic stresses. We also performed a detailed analysis of the transcriptome expression of the UCP1 overexpressing plants as compared with the wild type plants. We verified that the UCP1 overexpressing plants exhibited a tight connection between mitochondrial, cytoplasm and chloroplast energy metabolism to accommodate the alterations caused by the increased UCP1 activity. A number of uncharacterized transcription factors seem to be good targets for future investigations on the regulation of plant mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. The results presented in this work allowed a better understanding of the flexibility of energy metabolism in plants, and the use of this mechanism to identify possible regulators of plant mitochondrial biogenesis and stress response
Doutorado
Bioinformatica
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Carreiras, João Gragera de Almada Albuquerque. "Metal induced cross-tolerance to abiotic stresses in halophytes". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/33930.
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Tese de mestrado, Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018O nosso planeta está a sofrer uma inquestionável mudança climática, cada vez mais acentuada, atribuída a ações antropogénicas. Devido ao constante crescimento populacional e diante dos novos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos tem-se observado uma intensificação de atividades humanas com consequências nocivas para a sustentabilidade do Sistema Terrestre. O aumento contínuo da emissão de gases que contribuem para o efeito de estufa tem como fonte principal a queima de combustíveis fósseis (CO2), a agricultura intensiva (CH4) e o emprego de gases fluorados industriais. O fenómeno do aquecimento global é considerado uma das maiores ameaças ambientais do século XXI. As alterações climáticas, impulsionadas pelas atividades antropogénicas, terão consequências transversais a várias áreas da sociedade particularmente na economia, na saúde e no ambiente, sendo urgente medidas mitigadoras para que estes impactos não se agravem nas próximas décadas. De acordo com os cenários previstos, é muito provável que no futuro para além do aumento da temperatura média global, ocorra um aumento do nível médio do mar e um incremento na frequência e duração de fenómenos climáticos extremos, incluindo secas, cheias, precipitação intensa e ondas de calor. Consequentemente, as alterações climáticas irão afetar profundamente os ecossistemas a nível global, em especial os ecossistemas costeiros. Os Estuários são zonas húmidas costeiras muito ricas do ponto de vista biológico, onde ocorre grande mistura de água doce e água salgada que facilita a acumulação de sedimentos, nomeadamente nas zonas de sapal. As zonas estuarinas, devido à sua localização privilegiada e riqueza biológica, têm atraído, desde sempre, a população humana para as suas margens, servindo de localização para as maiores metrópoles do mundo. As ações antrópicas que, consequentemente, desde há várias décadas, estas regiões têm conhecido, de que são exemplos a exploração excessiva de recursos haliêuticos, o lançamento de resíduos sólidos, a eutrofização causada pela entrada de matéria orgânica, a dragagem e a introdução de espécies invasoras, têm causado impactos negativos. Os sapais têm grande interesse do ponto de vista económico, social e ecológico, prestando serviços de proteção à erosão costeira e à subida do nível do mar, estabilização de sedimentos, habitat para uma diversa variedade de espécies, purificação e retenção de água, remoção e transformação de nutrientes, oportunidades educacionais e recreativas, entre outros, pelo que a sua conservação tem, pois, elevada importância. As plantas de sapal, nomeadamente plantas halófitas, são de um modo geral, tal como o nome indica, extremamente resistentes a elevadas concentrações de sal, e a vários stresses ambientais, tais como contaminação de metais pesados, inundações e eventos térmicos extremos. Contudo, apesar da resiliência demonstrada por estas plantas, as alterações climáticas acopladas com as pressões antrópicas terão um profundo impacto nos sapais costeiros. A resistência e a tolerância das plantas halófitas varia consoante a espécie e o tipo de stress, ou seja, quando expostas a determinados cenários as espécies mais resistentes às novas condições adquirem vantagem em relação às outras, o que poderá alterar a distribuição e frequências das espécies dentro do sapal. No entanto, espécies com uma ampla distribuição geográfica e uma grande capacidade de adaptação e aclimatação revelam, normalmente, variações morfológicas, fenológicas e fisiológicas entre populações, de acordo com os condicionamentos locais. Estas plantas podem apresentar, desta forma, tolerância cruzada o que permite aumentar a resistência a uma gama de diferentes stresses após a exposição a um específico stress. Adicionalmente, as plantas, devido à heterogeneidade ambiental, podem exibir variações intraespecíficas que iram influenciar a maneira como cada população irá responder a futuras alterações climáticas. Deste modo, as consequências diretas das mudanças climáticas podem ter diferentes impactos nas plantas de sapal que apresentam variações intraespecíficas, podendo afetar, de diferente modo, a estrutura e função destas comunidades. Esta tese tem como principais objetivos investigar de que modo, desde logo, o pré-condicionamento abiótico encontrado em diferentes populações de halófitas vai influenciar as suas respostas ecofisiológicas a stresses abióticos, conjeturados pelas previsões locais das alterações climáticas, e, ainda, se estas apresentam uma tolerância cruzada suficientemente significativa de modo a determinar a maneira como o sapal irá evoluir e que consequências ecológicas que poderá sofrer. Mais concretamente, pretendeu-se compreender as consequências das variações intraespecíficas, induzidas por pré-condicionamento, apresentadas pelas populações de duas espécies de halófitas com uma ampla distribuição geográfica, a C3 Halimione portulacoides e a invasora C4 Spartina patens, que colonizam dois sapais vizinhos no estuário do Tejo com diferentes níveis de metais pesados, numa primeira abordagem, face a um aumento de temperatura e numa segunda abordagem, face a um aumento de salinidade. O estudo da influencia da tolerância cruzada ao stress de calor constituiu a primeira abordagem para compreender as variações ecofisiológicas nas respostas das populações pré-condicionadas e não pré-condicionadas a metais pesados de H. portulacoides e S. patens a eventos de calor. Para tal e segundo o “Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change”, que indica, com grande certeza, que a frequência e a intensidade dos eventos de calor aumentarão devido ao fenómeno do aquecimento global, as plantas foram expostas a um tratamento de calor durante uma semana e, seguidamente, as suas respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas foram profundamente analisadas. De acordo com os resultados apresentados na tese, obtidos através de medições fotobiológicas, de atividade enzimática e ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica, acoplando com as analises aos pigmentos e ácidos gordos, a tolerância cruzada indica que o pré-condicionamento a metais pesados influencia significativamente os mecanismos de tolerância ao stress térmico das plantas halófitas. Constatou-se que H. portulacoides pré-condicionado por metais pesados, por tolerância cruzada, apresenta maior resistência ao stress de calor que o H. portulacoides do sapal não contaminado, por outro lado S. patens, quando pré-condicionada por metais pesados, exibe uma pior performance na presença deste stress. Posteriormente estudou-se a influencia do pré-condicionamento a metais pesados na tolerância a aumentos de salinidades em duas populações de H. portulacoides e S. patens. A salinidade devido às alterações climáticas, acabará por crescer em consequência do aumento de eventos de tempestade, de ondas de maré e o do nível médio do mar. Ao contrario da maioria das plantas, as halófitas podem viver e prosperar em solos com salinidades até 855 mM, contudo as espécies halófitas têm respostas dispares à mesma salinidade, abrangendo espécies cujo desempenho óptimo ocorre em ambientes sem sal até espécies onde ambientes altamente salinos são ideais. Sendo assim, indivíduos das populações de H. portulacoides e S. patens dos sapais referidos anteriormente foram expostos a uma variedade de salinidades (0 mM NaCl, 400 mM NaCl, 800 mM NaCl) durante uma semana e logo após o tratamento foram analisadas fisiológica e bioquimicamente. Os resultados, adquiridos através dos mesmos métodos usados no estudo anterior, mostram que o pré-condicionamento de metais pesados tem um papel significativo na forma como as plantas responderam aos stresses. Através disso, verificou-se que S. patens pré-condicionado a metais pesados apresentou um maior fitness aos ambientes salinos, comparando com a população do sapal não contaminado, no entanto H. portulacoides manifestou uma complexa influência não linear à tolerância cruzada, uma vez que exibiu, quando pré-condicionado, uma performance pior quando exposto a 400 mM NaCl enquanto a 800 mM NaCl apresentou um melhor desempenho. Em resumo, é evidente que a halotolerância e a termotolerância das plantas anteriormente estudadas estão claramente interligadas com o seu pré-condicionamento, apresentando uma tolerância cruzada significativa, que vai ter um potencial impacto ecológico e poderá influenciar a forma como dois sapais vizinhos irão evoluir. Assim sendo, assumindo que as condições a que as plantas foram expostas representam as condições que, fruto das alterações climáticas, existirão no futuro, podemos constatar que o sapal contaminado poderá ser mais resistente à invasão por parte do S. patens do que o sapal não-contaminado, quando impactados por eventos de calor e evidencia, também, ser em geral mais resiliente ao aumento de salinidade. Em conclusão, os resultados deste estudo mostram que o pré-condicionamento induz uma complexa variação intraespecífica nos mecanismos de tolerância aos stresses abióticos. Esta variação intraespecífica pode afetar significativamente a maneira como as comunidades de sapais irão evoluir no futuro, podendo influenciar, a estrutura e função de cada sapal. Assim, este estudo contribuiu com informação relevante para o conhecimento de processos ecofisiológicos e pode ser pertinente para modelar e prever possível cenários das mudanças climáticas nos sapais, assim como pode ter interesse para uma gestão de ações de conservação mais eficiente e especificas para cada sapal.
Climate change is having an increasing effect worldwide, causing weighty disturbances in virtually all ecosystems thru arising abiotic variations. Salt marshes ecosystems, although highly resilient, are no exception to the climate shift consequences. Considering halophyte communities resistence and tolerance to abiotic alterations, climate change still makes them vulnerable to dire consequences in their productivity, ending up upsetting the distribution and biodiversity of marsh vegetation, compromising their economic, social and ecological services and unique role as the "Kidneys of the planet". This project aimed to determine heavy metal cross-tolerance thru pre-conditioning to abiotic stresses in halophyte plants. Analyzing the influence that adaptations to local conditions have in tolerance and resistance mechanisms and if this will be relevant in the stress response to the abiotic variations predicted in the future climate change and what could this mean for the shifting ecosystems. For this, it was studied the physiological responses to abiotic stresses in two different populations of the wide spread halophyte species, the native C3 Halimione portulacoides and the invasive C4 Spartina patens, from nearby salt marshes in the Tagus estuary, with the major difference between them being heavy metal soil content. Firstly, on the basis that the frequency and intensity of warming events will rise, in duration and frequency, due to global warming, the halophyte plant groups where exposed to a warming event and then analyzed photobiologically and biochemically. The cross-tolerance results shown that heavy metal pre-condition enhanced the heat resistance mechanisms in H. portulacoides and worsened S. patens ability to cope with these changes, when compared to their non-pre-conditioned counterparts. This can have important consequences in the way the non-contaminated and heavy metal contaminated salt marshes will react to environmental changes, that can lead to possibly different ecological consequences. Considering the predicted climate change scenarios, it can be claimed that the contaminated marsh can be more resistant to invasion than the pristine marshes, were the warming events will benefit the exotic S. patens in relation to the native H. portulacoides. Secondly and taking in to consideration that land salinization is an increasing problem around the world and climate change will intensify this phenomenon especially in coastal lands, due to tidal surges, storm surges and sea level rise coupled with the increasing evaporation because of global warming, the halophyte species from both the studied salt marshes were exposed to a variety of salt treatments. When analyzed, the results exposed a noteworthy influence that the heavy metal pre-conditioned has in the salinity stress responses. In view of the future changes, it can be argued that heavy metal contaminated marshes are less resistant to the S. patens increasing colonization when exposed intermediate salt concentrations and in high salinities both H. portulacoides and S. patens have overall better salinity tolerance than their counterparts from the non-contaminated marsh. Concluding, this work shows that the heavy metal pre-conditioning has a complex and considerable influence in the plants tolerance and resistance mechanisms to several abiotic stresses, presenting an intraspecific physiological variation that can impact how the halophyte communities will respond to the upcoming environmental changes. According to our research it can be said that the heavy metal contaminated salt marsh will present significantly different ecological damages than their neighboring salt marsh.
Libros sobre el tema "Abiotic inducers"
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Chalecki, Elizabeth L. Environment and Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.165.
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The term environment is often used as a short form for the biophysical environment, which refers to the biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution. All life that has survived must have adapted to conditions of its environment. On one hand, part of the study of environmental science is the investigation of the effect of human activity on the environment. On the other hand, scholars also examine threats posed by environmental events and trends to individuals, communities, or nations, otherwise known as environmental security. It studies the impact of human conflict and international relations on the environment, or on how environmental problems cross state borders. Environmental security is a significant concept in two fields: international relations and international development. Within international development, projects may aim to improve aspects of environmental security such as food security or water security, along with connected aspects such as energy security. The importance of environmental security lies in the fact that it affects humankind and its institutions anywhere and at anytime. To the extent that humankind neglects to maintain the planet’s life-supporting eco-systems generating water, food, medicine, and clean air, current and future generations will be confronted with increasingly severe instances of environmentally induced changes.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Abiotic inducers"
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Takeno, Kiyotoshi. "Stress-Induced Flowering". En Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants, 331–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0634-1_17.
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Rasool, Aadil, Wasifa Hafiz Shah, Naveed Ul Mushtaq, Seerat Saleem, Khalid Rehman Hakeem y Reiaz ul Rehman. "Salinity-Induced Changes on Different Physiological and Biochemical Features of Plants". En Plant Abiotic Stress Physiology, 201–24. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003180562-7.
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Emus-Medina, Alexis, Laura A. Contreras-Angulo, Dulce L. Ambriz-Perez, Gabriela Vazquez-Olivo y J. Basilio Heredia. "UV Light Stress Induces Phenolic Compounds in Plants". En Plant Phenolics in Abiotic Stress Management, 415–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6426-8_19.
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Sathee, Lekshmy, Hari Singh Meena, Sandeep B. Adavi y Shailendra K. Jha. "Nitric Oxide-Induced Regulation of Plant Developmental Processes and Abiotic Stress Responses". En Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 381–408. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06118-0_16.
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Patakas, Angelos. "Abiotic Stress-Induced Morphological and Anatomical Changes in Plants". En Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants, 21–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0634-1_2.
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Sathee, Lekshmy, Hari Singh Meena, Sandeep B. Adavi y Shailendra K. Jha. "Correction to: Nitric Oxide-Induced Regulation of Plant Developmental Processes and Abiotic Stress Responses". En Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06118-0_19.
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Impa, S. M., S. Nadaradjan y S. V. K. Jagadish. "Drought Stress Induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Anti-oxidants in Plants". En Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants, 131–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0634-1_7.
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Panda, Sanjib Kumar, Shuvasish Choudhury y Hemanta Kumar Patra. "Heavy-Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Perspectives". En Abiotic Stress Response in Plants, 221–36. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527694570.ch11.
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Talaat, Neveen B. "Abiotic Stresses-Induced Physiological Alteration in Wheat". En Wheat Production in Changing Environments, 1–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6883-7_1.
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Bali, Aditi Shreeya y Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu. "Abiotic Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat". En Wheat Production in Changing Environments, 225–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6883-7_10.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Abiotic inducers"
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Garipova, S. R., O. V. Markova, R. Sh Irgalina, D. V. Garifullina, R. M. Khairullin, O. V. Lastochkina y L. I. Pusenkova. "The formation of productivity and stress resistance of leguminous plants in association with endophytic bacteria, which complemented the deficient properties of plant-host genotype". En 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.083.
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The strong and weak properties of peas and beans cultivars were identified in field experiments. The best productivity of inoculated plants was due to the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress induced by endophytic bacteria.
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Bachman, Emma E., Desiree Hullaster, Lee R. Krumholz y Andrew S. Elwood Madden. "BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC MINERALOGICAL SIGNATURES INDUCED BY EUXINIC METHANE-RICH BRINE SPRING DISCHARGE". En GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-324175.
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Leon-Reyes, Antonio. "Induced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses of broccoli and Arabidopsis after treatment with elicitor molecules". En ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1383241.
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Bocharnikova, E. "THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENHANCED PLANT TOLERANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSES UNDER APPLICATION OF SILICON SUBSTANCES". En Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1695.978-5-317-06490-7/141-144.
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Laboratory and field experiments evidence that silicon fertilizers contribute to plant tolerance to unfavorable growth conditions: drought, frost, salinity, heavy metal contamination, and others. Silicon-induced underlying mechanisms include thickening of the epidermal layer, enhanced root system development, chemical stability of the DNA, RNA, and chlorophyll molecules, improved transport and redistribution of elements, as well as activation of defense system in plants against oxidative damage. Application of Si fertilizers and biostimulators promoted reducing crop losses and increasing yield of rice, wheat, barley, soya, potatoes and others under drought and frost conditions.
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Smith, Peter, Sudipta Roy, David Swailes, Stephen Maxwell, David Page y John Lawson. "A Predictive Model for Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC) In Sub-sea Production Pipelines: Part 1 - Abiotic Corrosion Model". En SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/114135-ms.
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Gouveia-Neto, Artur S., Elias A. Silva, Jr., Ernande B. Costa, Luciano A. Bueno, Luciana M. H. Silva, Manuela M. C. Granja, Maria J. L. Medeiros, Terezinha J. R. Câmara y Lilia G. Willadino. "Plant abiotic stress diagnostic by laser induced chlorophyll fluorescence spectral analysis of in vivo leaf tissue of biofuel species". En BiOS, editado por Daniel L. Farkas, Dan V. Nicolau y Robert C. Leif. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.839462.
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Ibragimov, A. E., D. Yu Garshina, An Kh Baymiev y O. V. Lastochkina. "Modulation of Triticum aestivum L. tolerance to combined abiotic/biotic stresses by endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis". En РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.11.
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal food crops worldwide. Various abiotic and biotic stresses or their combinations lead to crop losses (up to 50-82%) and pose a serious threat to the agricultural industry and food security. Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilis are considered as a bioactive and eco-friendly strategy for plant protection. Earlier, we have shown B. subtilis 10-4 has a growth-promoting and anti-stress effect on wheat under water deficiency. Here, we investigated the effect of B. subtilis 10-4 and B. subtilis 10-4+salicylic acid (SA) on growth and tolerance of wheat (cv. ‘Omskaya-35’) to combined drought (12%PEG) and Fusarium culmorum. 12%PEG and F. culmorum led to yellowing of leaves (in addition to traces of the root damages). Inoculation with 10-4 and especially 10-4+SA reduced the fusarium development in wheat under drought. Similar effects were revealed for growth parameters. Also, 10-4 (especially 10-4+SA) reduces stress-induced lipid peroxidation (MDA). Such physiological effect may be connected with the ability of strain 10-4 to colonize the internal tissues of host-plant and regulate metabolism from the inside. The obtained construct based on the plasmid pHT01 and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene, by which was modified the strain 10-4, will allow revealing the nature of the symbiotic relationships between the strain 10-4 and host-plant. The findings indicate that application B. subtilis 10-4 and its composition with SA may be an effective strategy to increase wheat tolerance to the combined abiotic/biotic stresses.
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Alia, Zerrouki, Kara Karima, Redjaimia Lilia y Rached-Kanouni Malika. "TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HOLM OAK STANDS IN CHETTABA FOREST (ALGERIA)". En GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/28.
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The forest of Chettaba is for ecotourism. Managed by the Forest Conservation of Constantine, this site is formed of several forestry species (hardwood and softwood) spread over an area of 3010 ha. The objective of this study is to estimate the viability of this site through the permanent monitoring of the current state of the forest including biodiversity and pressures. The collection of data related to it had recourse to a forest inventory and an inventory of pressures. The condition was assessed by analyzing these components. The various analyses conducted during this study revealed that the forest is subject to biotic and abiotic pressures and average viability. This is induced by a fairly good stand quality (PHF= 333), medium stability (S= 44.45), low mortality (MR = 4.16%) and good future potential (high regeneration rate (RR =231.25%). Grazing, fire and illegal logging are the most important pressures. Despite these pressures, the forest is classified as a viable ecosystem. However, these potentials are insufficient: it is necessary to reduce the pressures and reforest the degraded plots for better conservation of the ecosystem. To this end, the present study suggests management primarily through silvicultural interventions that promote the regeneration of the various species and to include a permanent ecological monitoring system.
Informes sobre el tema "Abiotic inducers"
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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra y Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.
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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.
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Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger y Mohamad Abu-Abied. Studies of Novel Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins that are Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. United States Department of Agriculture, septiembre de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592652.bard.
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In the original proposal we planned to focus on two proteins related to the actin cytoskeleton: TCH2, a touch-induced calmodulin-like protein which was found by us to interact with the IQ domain of myosin VIII, ATM1; and ERD10, a dehydrin which was found to associate with actin filaments. As reported previously, no other dehydrins were found to interact with actin filaments. In addition so far we were unsuccessful in confirming the interaction of TCH2 with myosin VIII using other methods. In addition, no other myosin light chain candidates were found in a yeast two hybrid survey. Nevertheless we have made a significant progress in our studies of the role of myosins in plant cells. Plant myosins have been implicated in various cellular activities, such as cytoplasmic streaming (1, 2), plasmodesmata function (3-5), organelle movement (6-10), cytokinesis (4, 11, 12), endocytosis (4, 5, 13-15) and targeted RNA transport (16). Plant myosins belong to two main groups of unconventional myosins: myosin XI and myosin VIII, both closely related to myosin V (17-19). The Arabidopsis myosin family contains 17 members: 13 myosin XI and four myosin VIII (19, 20). The data obtained from our research of myosins was published in two papers acknowledging BARD funding. To address whether specific myosins are involved with the motility of specific organelles, we cloned the cDNAs from neck to tail of all 17 Arabidopsis myosins. These were fused to GFP and used as dominant negative mutants that interact with their cargo but are unable to walk along actin filaments. Therefore arrested organelle movement in the presence of such a construct shows that a particular myosin is involved with the movement of that particular organelle. While no mutually exclusive connections between specific myosins and organelles were found, based on overexpression of dominant negative tail constructs, a group of six myosins (XIC, XIE, XIK, XI-I, MYA1 and MYA2) were found to be more important for the motility of Golgi bodies and mitochondria in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum (8). Further deep and thorough analysis of myosin XIK revealed a potential regulation by head and tail interaction (Avisar et al., 2011). A similar regulatory mechanism has been reported for animal myosin V and VIIa (21, 22). In was shown that myosin V in the inhibited state is in a folded conformation such that the tail domain interacts with the head domain, inhibiting its ATPase and actinbinding activities. Cargo binding, high Ca2+, and/or phosphorylation may reduce the interaction between the head and tail domains, thus restoring its activity (23). Our collaborative work focuses on the characterization of the head tail interaction of myosin XIK. For this purpose the Israeli group built yeast expression vectors encoding the myosin XIK head. In addition, GST fusions of the wild-type tail as well as a tail mutated in the amino acids that mediate head to tail interaction. These were sent to the US group who is working on the isolation of recombinant proteins and performing the in vitro assays. While stress signals involve changes in Ca2+ levels in plants cells, the cytoplasmic streaming is sensitive to Ca2+. Therefore plant myosin activity is possibly regulated by stress. This finding is directly related to the goal of the original proposal.
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Prusky, Dov, Noel T. Keen y Stanley Freeman. Elicitation of Preformed Antifungal Compounds by Non-Pathogenic Fungus Mutants and their Use for the Prevention of Postharvest Decay in Avocado Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7570573.bard.
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C. gloeosporioides attacks unripe avocado fruits in the orchard. Germinated spores produce appressoria that germinate and breach the cuticle, but the resultant subcuticular hyphae become quiescent and do not develop further until fruit is harvested and ripens. Resistance of unripe avocado to attach by C. gloeosporioides is correlated with the presence of fungitoxic concentrations of the preformed antifungal compound, 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-12, 15 diene in the pericarp of unripe fruits. The objective of this proposal was to study the signal transduction process by which elicitors induce resistance in avocado. It was found that abiotic elicitors, infection of avocado fruit with C. gloeosporioides or treatment of avocado cell suspension with cell-wall elicitor induced a significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ripe and unripe fruit tissue differ with regard to the ROS production. The unripe, resistant fruit are physiologically able to react and to produce high levels of ROS and increased activity of H+ATPase that can enhance the phenylpropanoid pathway ad regulate the levels of the antifungal compound-diene, inhibit fungal development, resulting in its quiescence. Interestingly, it was also found that growth regulators like cytokinin could do activation of the mechanism of resistance. Postharvest treatments of cytokinins strongly activated the phenylpropanoid pathway and induce resistance. We have developed non-pathogenic strains of C. gloeosporioides by Random Enzyme Mediated Integration and selected a hygromycin resistance, non-pathogenic strain Cg-142 out of 3500 transformants. This non-pathogenic isolate activates H+ATPase and induces resistance against Colletotrichum attack. As a basis for studying the importance of PL in pathogenicity, we have carried out heterologous expression of pel from C. gloeosporioides in the non-pathogenic C. magna and determine the significant increase in pathogenicity of the non-pathogenic strain. Based on these results we can state that pectate lyase is an important pathogenicity factor of C. gloeosporioides and found that fungal pathogenicity is affected not by pel but by PL secretion. Our results suggest that PH regulates the secretion of pectate lyase, and support its importance as a pathogenicity factor during the attack of avocado fruit by C. gloeosporioides . This implicates that if these findings are of universal importance in fungi, control of disease development could be done by regulation of secretion of pathogenicity factors.
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Tsybekmitova, G. Ts, L. D. Radnaeva, N. A. Tashlykova, V. G. Shiretorova, A. K. Tulokhonov, B. B. Bazarova y M. O. Matveeva. THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SHIFTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOCENOSIS: LAKE ARAKHLEY (EASTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA). DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0973-7308-2020-35-3-77-90.
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Lake Arakhley is located within the Lake Baikal basin in Eastern Siberia, Russia. The area is characterized by continental subarctic climate with considerate diurnal temperature range, long cold dry winters and short hot summers with more precipitation occurring during the latter half of the summer. Climatic shifts in high water years and low water years result in morphometric changes in the lake and in the chemical and physical parameters of the ecosystem. During low water years, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are decreased, whereas nitrate concentration increases. High water years feature average concentrations of ammonium ions 1.5–2 times higher than the values of recent dry years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of abiotic factors and biotic community indicated that the community structure shows the greatest correlation with physical and chemical parameters of water and biogenic elements (nitrites, ammonium, phosphates) along the first axis, and with the lake depth and transparency along the second axis. Changes in abiotic factors induce functioning and formation of characteristic communities of the primary producers in the trophic structure of the ecosystem. During low water years, with increased level of autochthonous organic matter, Lindavia comta dominance is observed, while during high water years, with increased allochthonous organic matter Asterionella formosa appeared as dominant. Currently, during low water years, the hydrophytes community is monodominant and composed of Ceratophyllum demersum. Meanwhile, such species indicating eutrophic conditions as Myriophyllum sibiricum, Potamogeton pectinatus are found in the lake vegetation.
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Handa, Avtar K., Yuval Eshdat, Avichai Perl, Bruce A. Watkins, Doron Holland y David Levy. Enhancing Quality Attributes of Potato and Tomato by Modifying and Controlling their Oxidative Stress Outcome. United States Department of Agriculture, mayo de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586532.bard.
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General The final goal and overall objective of the current research has been to modify lipid hydroperoxidation in order to create desirable phenotypes in two important crops, potato and tomato, which normally are exposed to abiotic stress associated with such oxidation. The specific original objectives were: (i) the roles of lipoxygenase (LOX) and phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) in regulating endogenous levels of lipid peroxidation in plant tissues; (ii) the effect of modified lipid peroxidation on fruit ripening, tuber quality, crop productivity and abiotic stress tolerance; (iii) the effect of simultaneous reduction of LOX and increase of PHGPx activities on fruit ripening and tuber quality; and (iv) the role of lipid peroxidation on expression of specific genes. We proposed to accomplish the research goal by genetic engineering of the metabolic activities of LOX and PHGPx using regulatable and tissue specific promoters, and study of the relationships between these two consecutive enzymes in the metabolism and catabolism of phospholipids hydroperoxides. USA Significant progress was made in accomplishing all objectives of proposed research. Due to inability to regenerate tomato plants after transforming with 35S-PHGPx chimeric gene construct, the role of low catalase induced oxidative stress instead of PHGPx was evaluated on agronomical performance of tomato plant and fruit quality attributes. Effects of polyamine, that protects DNA from oxidative stress, were also evaluated. The transgenic plants under expressing lipoxygenase (LOX-sup) were crossed with catalase antisense (CAT-anti) plants or polyamine over producing plants (SAM-over) and the lines homozygous for the two transgenes were selected. Agronomical performance of these line showed that low catalase induced oxidative stress negatively affected growth and development of tomato plants and resulted in a massive change in fruit gene expression. These effects of low catalase activity induced oxidative stress, including the massive shift in gene expression, were greatly overcome by the low lipoxygenase activity. Collectively results show that oxidative stress plays significant role in plant growth including the fruit growth. These results also for the first time indicated that a crosstalk between oxidative stress and lipoxygenase regulated processes determine the outcome during plant growth and development. Israel Regarding PHGPx, most of the study has concentrated on the first and the last specific objectives, since it became evident that plant transformation with this gene is not obvious. Following inability to achieve efficient transformation of potato and tomato using a variety of promoters, model plant systems (tobacco and potato cell cultures, tobacco calli and plantlets, and Arabidopsis) were used to establish the factors and to study the obstacles which prohibited the regeneration of plants carrying the genetic machinery for overproduction of PHGPx. Our results clearly demonstrate that while genetic transformation and over-expression of PHGPx occurs in pre-developmental tissue stage (cell culture, calli clusters) or in completed plant (Arabidopsis), it is likely that over-expression of this enzyme before tissue differentiation is leading to a halt of the regeneration process. To support this assumption, experiments, in which genetic engineering of a point-mutated PHGPx gene enable transformation and over-expression in plants of PhSPY modified in its catalytic site and thus inactive enzymatically, were successfully carried out. These combined results strongly suggest, that if in fact, like in animals and as we established in vitro, the plant PHGPx exhibits PH peroxidase activity, these peroxides are vital for the organisms developmental process.
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Ginzberg, Idit y Walter De Jong. Molecular genetic and anatomical characterization of potato tuber skin appearance. United States Department of Agriculture, septiembre de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587733.bard.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) skin is composed of suberized phellem cells, the outer component of the tuber periderm. The focus of the proposed research was to apply genomic approaches to identify genes that control tuber skin appearance - smooth and shiny skin is highly preferred by the customers while russeted/netted skin potatoes are rejected. The breeding program (at Cornell University) seeks to develop smooth-skin varieties but has encountered frequent difficulties as inheritance of russeting involves complementary action by independently segregating genes, where a dominant allele at each locus is required for any degree of skin russeting. On the other hand, smooth-skin varieties frequently develop unsightly russeting in response to stress conditions, mainly high soil temperatures. Breeding programs in Israel aimed towards the improvement of heat tolerant varieties include skin quality as one of the desired characteristics. At the initiation of the present project it was unclear whether heat induced russeting and genetically inherited russeting share the same genes and biosynthesis pathways. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that russeting might result from increased periderm thickness, from strong cohesion between peridermal cells that prevents the outer layers from sloughing off, or from altered suberization processes in the skin. Hence, the original objectives were to conduct anatomical study of russet skin development, to isolate skin and russeting specific genes, to map the loci that determine the russet trait, and to compare with map locations the candidate russet specific genes, as well as to identify marker alleles that associated with russet loci. Anatomical studies suggested that russet may evolve from cracking at the outer layers of the skin, probably when skin development doesn’t meet the tuber expansion rate. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis and transcript profiling (cDNA chip, potato functional genomic project) indicated that in comparison to the parenchyma tissue, the skin is enriched with proteins/genes that are involved in the plant's responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and further expand the concept of the skin as a protective tissue containing an array of plantdefense components. The proteomes of skin from heat stressed tubers and native skin didn’t differ significantly, while transcript profiling indicated heat-related increase in three major functional groups: transcription factors, stress response and protein degradation. Exceptional was ACC synthase isogene with 4.6 fold increased level in the heat stressed skin. Russeting was mapped to two loci: rusB on chromosome 4 and rusC on chromosome 11; both required for russeting. No evidence was found for a third locus rusA that was previously proposed to be required for russeting. In an effort to find a link between the russeting character and the heat-induced russeting an attempt was made to map five genes that were found in the microarray experiment to be highly induced in the skin under heat stress in the segregating russet population. Only one gene was polymorphic; however it was localized to chromosome 2, so cannot correspond to rusB or rusC. Evaluation of AFLP markers tightly linked to rusB and rusC showed that these specific alleles are not associated with russeting in unrelated germplasm, and thus are not useful for MAS per se. To develop markers useful in applied breeding, it will be necessary to screen alleles of additional tightly linked loci, as well as to identify additional russet (heat-induced and/or native) related genes.
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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer y Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, mayo de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.
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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
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Pesis, Edna, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Susan E. Ebeler y Amnon Lers. Application of Pre-storage Short Anaerobiosis to Alleviate Superficial Scald and Bitter Pit in Granny Smith Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593394.bard.
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There is increased demand for high quality fruit produced and marketed with reduced chemical inputs to minimize toxic effects on human health and the environment. Granny Smith (GS) apple quality is reduced by two major physiological disorders, superficial scald and bitter pit (BP). These disorders cause great loss to apple growers worldwide. Superficial scald is commonly controlled by chemical treatments, mainly the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1–MCP). Both chemicals are ineffective in controlling bitter pit incidence. We proposed to investigate the beneficial use of non-chemical, abiotic stress with low O2 (LO2) applied for 10d at 20°C on GS apple fruit. During the project we expanded the treatment to more apple cultivars, Golden Delicious (GD) and Starking Delicious (SD) and another pome fruit, the pear. Apple and pear have similar physiological disorders that develop during cold storage and we examined if the LO2 treatment would also be effective on pear. Application of 0.5% LO2 atmosphere for 10d at 20°C or 500ppb 1-MCP at 20°C prior to cold storage at 0°C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in GS apple. Moreover, LO2 pretreatment was also effective in reducing bitter pit (BP) development in California GS and Israeli GD and SD apples The BP symptoms in GS from California were much more prominent, so the effect of LO2 was more dramatic than the effect on the Israeli cvs. GD and SD, nevertheless the LO2 treatment showed the same trend in all cultivars in reducing BP. The LO2 and 1-MCP -treated fruit exhibited lower levels of ethylene, - farnesene and its oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), as determined by SPME/GC-MS analysis. In addition, LO2 pretreatment applied to California Bartlett or Israeli Spadona pears was effective in reducing superficial scald, senescent scald and internal breakdown after 4 m of cold storage at 0°C. For GS apple, low-temperature storage resulted in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn led to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and H2O2 measurements of apple peel, we observed ROS accumulation in control fruit, while negligible amounts were found in LO2 and 1-MCP treated fruit. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase was induced by 1-MCP treatment. We assume that LO2 and 1-MCP pretreated fruit remained healthier due to reduced production of ethylene and reactive oxygen substances, such as MHO, during cold storage. The LO2-treated apple exhibited greener peel and firmer fruit after 6 m of cold storage, and the fruit had high crispiness leading to high taste preference. In both pear cultivars, the LO2 treatment led to a reduction in internal breakdown and browning around the seed cavity. We tested the LO2 pre-storage treatment on a semi-commercial scale that would be applicable to a small organic grower by sealing the fruit within the plastic field bins. The treatment was most effective with a continuous flow of nitrogen through the bins; however, a single 6 hour flush of nitrogen was also fairly effective. In addition, we determined that it was very important to have the oxygen levels below 0.5% for approximately 10 days to achieve good scald control, not counting the time required to reduce the oxygen concentration. Our LO2 technology has been proven in this project to be effective in reducing several physiological disorders developed in pome fruit during cold storage. We hope that our non-chemical treatment which is friendly to the environment will be used in the near future for the organic apple and pear industry. The next step should be an analysis of the cost-benefits and commercial feasibility.
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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, enero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.
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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.