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Rezaei, Alireza, Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle, Emanuel Aldea, Piercarlo Dondi y Marco Malagodi. "A-contrario framework for detection of alterations in varnished surfaces". Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 83 (febrero de 2022): 103357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2021.103357.
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Veit, Thomas, Frédéric Cao y Patrick Bouthemy. "An a contrario Decision Framework for Region-Based Motion Detection". International Journal of Computer Vision 68, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2006): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-006-6661-2.
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Liu, Chenguang, Rémy Abergel, Yann Gousseau y Florence Tupin. "LSDSAR, a Markovian a contrario framework for line segment detection in SAR images". Pattern Recognition 98 (febrero de 2020): 107034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2019.107034.
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Desolneux, Agnès y Fanny Doré. "An Anisotropic A Contrario Framework for the Detection of Convergences in Images". Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 56, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2016): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10851-016-0630-3.
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von Gioi, Rafael Grompone, Ignacio Ramírez Paulino y Gregory Randall. "The Whole and the Parts: The Minimum Description Length Principle and the A-Contrario Framework". SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences 15, n.º 3 (enero de 2022): 1282–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/21m145745x.
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Yáñez, Felipe. "From the Tax Base Erosion to the Tax Sovereignty Shifting from States to OECD/Inclusive Framework". Revista de Derecho Fiscal, n.º 24 (7 de diciembre de 2023): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/16926722.n24.13.
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La erosión de la base imponible y el desplazamiento de beneficios fiscales (BEPS) por parte de las empresas multinacionales es una preocupación mundial creciente. Esta práctica priva a los países de ingresos fiscales, distorsiona la competencia y desafía la soberanía fiscal. Iniciativas internacionales como el Plan de Acción BEPS de la OCDE buscan abordar estos problemas mediante acciones coordinadas entre países y organizaciones internacionales. Este ensayo examina críticamente el impacto de dicho plan en el concepto de soberanía fiscal de los Estados individuales y el desplazamiento de dicho poder hacia las organizaciones internacionales. Su punto de partida es que los Estados deben conservar la soberanía fiscal, ya que es fundamental para la democracia, basada en el consentimiento de los ciudadanos al pago de impuestos a gobiernos transparentes y fiscalizables. Por el contrario, el desplazamiento de la soberanía fiscal a organizaciones internacionales plantea preocupaciones sobre sus efectos en los principios democráticos. El autor aboga por un enfoque equilibrado para abordar los problemas fiscales globales, respetando la soberanía fiscal y los valores democráticos. Bajo esta perspectiva, la solución a dichos problemas, en lugar de concentrarse exclusivamente en una cada vez mayor coordinación global, podría implicar que los Estados renueven los contratos sociales con sus ciudadanos, logrando un equilibrio entre la coerción estatal y la libertad de los contribuyentes para vincularse con otras jurisdicciones.
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Marchadier, B. "Love and marriage in Vl. Solovyev 's «The justification of good»". Solov’evskie issledovaniya, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2019.4.050-056.
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Vl. Solovyov wrote extensively about love in his romantic and mystical poetry, in his correspondence and in his memoirs. He composed a whole book about love («The Meaning of Love», 1892-1894). The present paper is about the theme of love in Solovyov's moral philosophy as expounded in his «Justification of the Good» (1897). Love in the framework of society is legitimised in marriage, both religious and civil. Solovyov sees in marriage and family a positive consequence of the development of statehood. The problem is that he considered for a long time that the sexual act is unable to restore the lost integrity of the human being. Only chastity can. To get out of the difficulty, Solovyov invokes an «inner» (spiritual?) procreation different from an «outer» procreation. But it does not make things clearer. It seems that, in the last year of his life, Solovyov abandoned that spiritual maximalism, as is proved a contrario by the character of the Prince in «Three Conversations», who is both a celibate spiritualist and a precursor of the Antichrist.
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Shandulin, Evgeny y Polina Dmitrieva. "Testing as a Method of Teaching and Education in the Context of Learning History". E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 07064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807064.
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The article is devoted to the description of the psychological, pedagogical, and methodological foundations of educational testing in the framework of mastering the educational program in history. The relevance of the study is due to the widespread use of distance learning technologies, which leads to a decrease of teacher control over the students during testing, on the one hand, and an increase of students’ independent work on the other. At the same time, the authors note that tests are usually used exclusively as a control and evaluation measure, but they also contain developmental potential. The novelty of the research lies in substantiating the possibility of using the test as a method of education in the context of mastering historical disciplines. The article describes a systematic algorithm for working with the test, which provides an elaboration of each of the elements of the testing and actualization of knowledge about the mentioned events. This method contributes to the formation of stable associative links, as well as methods for analyzing information and searching for an answer using contrario reasoning. The conclusion of the article describes the possibilities of using the test as a method of learning, self-training, and education, as well as the prospects for researching the effectiveness of using “learning testing”. The authors conclude that it is necessary to develop guidelines for learning testing.
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Wang, Daochang, Qi Liu, Qiang Yin y Fei Ma. "Fast Line Segment Detection and Large Scene Airport Detection for PolSAR". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 22 (18 de noviembre de 2022): 5842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225842.
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In this paper, we propose a fast Line Segment Detection algorithm for Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data (PLSD). We introduce the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) edge detector to obtain the gradient map of the PolSAR image, which tests the equality of the covariance matrix using the test statistic in the complex Wishart distribution. A new filter configuration is applied here to save time. Then, the Statistical Region Merging (SRM) framework is utilized for the generation of line-support regions. As one of our main contributions, we propose a new Statistical Region Merging algorithm based on gradient Strength and Direction (SRMSD). It determines the merging predicate with consideration of both gradient strength and gradient direction. For the merging order, we set it by bucket sort based on the gradient strength. Furthermore, the pixels are restricted to belong to a unique region, making the algorithm linear in time cost. Finally, based on Markov chains and a contrario approach, the false alarm control of line segments is implemented. Moreover, a large scene airport detection method is designed based on the proposed line segment detection algorithm and scattering characteristics. The effectiveness and applicability of the two methods are demonstrated with PolSAR data provided by UAVSAR.
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Velázquez González, Juan. "Heidegger o la metódica "destrucción" dentro de la fenomenología husserliana". Investigaciones Fenomenológicas, n.º 5 (12 de febrero de 2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rif.5.2015.29825.
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Es dentro del marco de la fenomenología de Husserl donde Heidegger lleva a cabo su propuesta filosófica, que implica una “destrucción” o “desmontaje” de los conceptos de la tradición, comenzando por los de la fenomenología de su maestro, y una construcción de su propio proyecto filosófico, basado en una analítica de la existencia.La “destrucción” es prácticamente elevada por Heidegger al rango de método filosófico, en paralelo pero en sentido contrario a la epoché, el método fenomenológico de Husserl. Esta diferencia de método, respecto a una común consideración de la intencionalidad de la conciencia, separa los proyectos fenomenológicos del Husserl de Ideen I y del Heidegger de Sein und Zeit: eidético u ontológico. A partir de su método destructivo Heidegger radicalizará las nociones de la fenomenología de Husserl.Within the framework of the phenomenology of Husserl, Heidegger carries out a double philosophical proposal: the “destruction” or “dismantling” of the concepts from the tradition, beginning with those ones of the phenomenology of his teacher, and the construction of his own philosophical project, based on an analysis of the existence.The “destruction” is practically considered by Heidegger as a philosophical method, which is developed in parallel but in a contrary direction to the phenomenological method of Husserl: the epoché. This methodological difference, applied to the intentionality of the consciousness, that the two philosophers consider, separates the phenomenological projects of Husserl in Ideen I and Heidegger in Sein und Zeit: eidetic or ontological. So and from his destructive method Heidegger is going to radicalize the main notions of the phenomenology of Husserl.
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Escajedo San Epifanio, Leyre. "La inviolabilidad regia en perspectiva comparada: revisión histórica e interpretaciones contemporáneas". Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, n.º 46 (16 de diciembre de 2020): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.46.2020.29120.
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Recurriendo a García Pelayo, son bastantes los elementos de los actuales sistemas democráticos en los que cabría hallar, sobre todo en lo formal, una cierta homogeneidad armónica con sus precedentes históricos o referentes de Derecho comparado. De todos ellos, sin embargo, parece que la inviolabilidad regia es uno de los pocos —sino el único— de los elementos en los que se duda si las previsiones constitucionales deben interpretarse dentro del marco sistemático que les da cobijo o si, por el contrario, cabe la posibilidad de eludir ese marco y basarse en antecedentes históricos o referentes comparados para proceder a su interpretación. Pareciera que, al menos respecto del estatuto regio, se defiende no sólo una cierta suprapositividad sino, incluso, la supuesta existencia anclaje preconstitucional inamovible, ubicado lejos del alcance de la soberanía que reside en el pueblo. Desde la perspectiva del Derecho constitucional, aunque sin perder de vista la historiografía y, hasta cierto punto, la Psicología política, este trabajo aborda el estudio de dicho fenómeno, procediendo a una revisión histórica de la inviolabilidad regia y al análisis de las interpretaciones contemporáneas de la misma.Recalling García Pelayo, there are quite a few elements of the current democratic systems in which it would be possible to find, especially in formal terms, a certain harmonic homogeneity with their historical precedents or comparative law references. Of all of them, however, it seems that royal inviolability is one of the few —if not the only one— of the elements in which it is doubted whether the current constitutional provisions should be interpreted within the systematic framework that shelters them or whether, on the contrary, it is possible to circumvent this framework and rely on historical antecedents or comparative references to proceed with its interpretation. It would seem that, at least with respect to the royal statute, not only a certain suprapositive nature is defended, but even the supposed existence of an immovable pre-constitutional anchor, situated far from the reach of the sovereignty that resides in the people. From the perspective of Constitutional law, although without losing sight of historiography and, to a certain extent, Political psychology, this work addresses the study of this phenomenon, proceeding to a historical review of royal inviolability and an analysis of contemporary interpretations of it.
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Anton Mlinar, Ivana. "Fenomenología de la cognición social y neurociencia de segunda persona". Investigaciones Fenomenológicas, n.º 17 (8 de febrero de 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rif.17.2020.29702.
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Gran parte de los estudios sobre la naturaleza de la cognición social, que también se ha entendido como una perspectiva de se-gunda persona, ha tenido lugar en el marco de la llamada “teoría de la mente”, entendida básicamente como capacidad inferencial de atribución de estados mentales. La fenomenología, por el contrario, advierte la naturaleza corporizada e integrada de la experiencia de sí, lo que permite, consecuentemente, el acceso inmediato a la experiencia vivida del otro. La incorporación de esta comprensión de la cognición social en el ámbito experimental ha planteado un giro interactivo: de perspectivas observacionales y mecanismos individuales a escenarios interactivos y procesos participativos. Este trabajo se propone mostrar tanto el sentido fenomenológico de la cognición social como así también las diversas interpretaciones que han encontrado aplicación en la experimentación neurocientífica en cuanto perspectivas de segunda persona, a fin de evaluar sus aportes y ofrecer posibles tareas aún pendientes.Most of the studies on the nature of social cognition, which has also been understood as second-person perspective, have taken place within the framework of the so-called "theory of mind", basically understood as inferential capacity for attribution of mental states. Phenomenology, on the contrary, shows the embodied and integrated nature of self-experience, which consequently allows immediate access to the lived experience of the other. The incorporation of this understanding of social cognition in the experimental field has proposed an interactive turn: from observational perspectives and individual mechanisms to interactive scenarios and participatory processes. This work aims to show both the phenomenological meaning of social cognition as well as the various interpretations that have found application in neuroscientific experimentation as second-person perspectives, in order to evaluate their contributions and offer possible open tasks.
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Galindo García, Paola Alejandra. "Derecho humano a la alimentación e igualdad en el tratamiento a los productores de alimentos, en los decretos expedidos en el marco del Estado de Emergencia Social, Económica y Ecológica del gobierno de Iván Duque". REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, n.º 216 (1 de julio de 2021): 169–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi216.1225.
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En el marco de las facultades otorgadas por la primera declaratoria de Estado de Emer- gencia Social, Económica y Ecológica en todo el territorio nacional (Decreto 417 de 2020), el gobierno de Iván Duque expidió, entre otros, el Decreto 486 de 2020, con la finalidad de proteger la logística relacionada con el abastecimiento alimentario durante la coyuntura de salud pública asociada a la pandemia de COVID-19. El Decreto 486 de 2020 es un instrumento normativo que operacionaliza la noción institucional de seguridad alimentaria y crea un incentivo económico para la producción de alimentos, en el contexto de la emergencia humanitaria y sanitaria. En el presente artículo se problematizan estas medidas para determinar si atienden al desarrollo del derecho humano a la alimentación y a la nutrición adecuadas, o si, por el contrario, se limitan a una versión restringida de la garantía de este, afectando con ello la posibilidad de justicia e igual- dad material en tiempos de pandemia.
Human Right to Food and Equality in the Approach to Food Producers, in the Decrees Issued during Ivan Duque’s government under the State of Economic, Social and Ecological Emergency
Abstract: Within the framework of the powers granted by the first declaration of Social, Economic and Ecological Emergency made by the government of Iván Duque, Decree 486 of 2020 was is- sued with the purpose of protecting the logistics related to food supply during the public health situation associated with COVID-19. This decree is a regulatory instrument that operationalizes the institutional notion of food security, as well as the necessary incentives for food production in contexts of humanitarian and/or health emergency. This article problematizes these measures, indicating whether they are a development of the Human Right to Adequate Food and Nutrition or whether, on the contrary, they are limited to a restricted version of the guarantee of this right, thus affecting the possibility of justice and material equality in times of pandemic.
Keywords: Human Right to Adequate Food and Nutrition; Food Security; Peasant, Family and Com- munity Economies; COVID-19.
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Esteban de la Rosa, Gloria y Cherif Ba Sow. "La cooperación internacional al desarrollo en el sistema universal de los derechos humanos: los derechos humanos como marco para la comprensión de la cooperación internacional al desarrollo / International Development Cooperation in the Universal Human Rights System: Human Rights as a Framework for Understanding of International Cooperation Development". Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales 5, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2016): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-revsocial.v5.370.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of the International Cooperation Development is to improve the living conditions of people in developing countries so that they can meet the basic needs of the human family (United Nations Millennium Declaration of 2000). However, the international cooperation that the great texts refers to, which include human rights, is not identified with this other modality, which agrees "to the development". By contrast, the notion of cooperation founded in its basis has not enabled the aim that the genuine international cooperation between peoples and nations must fulfil, which is clearly indicated by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as well as the Spanish Constitution of 1978: the full realization of the social, economic and cultural rights, essential for the free development of the personality (as an active dimension of the human dignity). And, therefore, its purpose is defended as a (additional) guarantee for the satisfaction of basic human needs.RESUMENEl objetivo de la Cooperación internacional al desarrollo consiste en mejorar las condiciones de vida de las personas en los Países en vías de desarrollo, para que puedan satisfacerse las necesidades básicas de la familia humana (Declaración del milenio de 2000 de Naciones Unidas). Sin embargo, lcooperación internacional al desarrollo, desarrollo, necesidades humanas básicas, derechos humanos,derechos sociales, económicos y culturalesa cooperación internacional a la que se refieren los grandes textos que recogen los derechos humanos no se identifica con esta otra modalidad, que se adjetiva “al desarrollo”. Por el contrario, la noción de cooperación que se encuentra en su base no ha permitido el objetivo que ha de cumplir la auténtica cooperación internacional entre los pueblos y las naciones, que indican de forma clara la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, el Pacto de Derechos económicos sociales y culturales así como la Constitución Española de 1978: la plena efectividad de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales, indispensables para el libre desarrollo de la personalidad (como dimensión activa de la dignidad humana). Y, por ello, se defiende su función como garantía (complementaria) para la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas básicas.
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De Michele, Antonia. "Espacio concebido versus espacio vivido. La construcción del sentido del lugar en Lavapiés como resistencia a las representaciones dominantes". Territorios en formación, n.º 13 (18 de noviembre de 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2018.13.3802.
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Tomando como premisa la conceptualización de Lefebvre sobre la producción del espacio, esta investigación resalta cómo, en el barrio madrileño de Lavapiés, se produce un choque entre la dimensión dominante del espacio concebido y las representaciones propias del espacio vivido, que dejan emerger un sentido del lugar alternativo. Las conceptualizaciones dominantes, a partir de las intervenciones planteadas en el marco de la rehabilitación de iniciativa pública, apuntan a la centralización y espectacularización del Lavapiés, generando así un espacio abstracto, pensado en función de cálculos estratégicos y respondientes a los dictámenes del capitalismo global y del mito del desarrollismo económico. En este marco, la economía simbólica, alimentada sobre todo por representaciones mediáticas, se apropia de la propia cultura urbana vinculada a la vida cotidiana de Lavapiés, utilizada para ser rentabilizada dentro de unos nichos de mercado y para promover el consumo. Por otro lado, el análisis profundizado del espacio vivido, a través de entrevistas y mapas mentales, revela que la imposición de imágenes estructurantes exógenas no cancela el sentido del lugar, sino que por el contrario lo reactiva y refuerza en función de una demarcación y el rechazo de formas alienantes de pensar el barrio, y en última instancia el habitar.AbstractBased on the conceptualization of Lefebvre about the production of space, this research highlights how, in the Madrid neighbourhood of Lavapiés, a clash occurs between the dominant dimension of the conceived space and the representations of the lived space, which express an alternative sense of place. The dominant conceptualizations, going from the interventions proposed in the framework of the rehabilitation of public initiative, point to the centralization and spectacularization of Lavapiés, thus generating an abstract space, thought in terms of strategic considerations and responsive to the dictates of global capitalism and to the myth of economic development. In this context, the symbolic economy, fuelled above all by media representations, appropriates the urban culture linked to the daily life of Lavapiés, used to be profitable within niche markets and to promote consumption. On the other hand, the in-depth analysis of the lived space, through interviews and mental maps, reveals that the imposition of exogenous structuring images does not cancel the sense of place, but on the contrary, reactivates and reinforces it as instrument of demarcation and rejection of alienating ways of thinking about the neighbourhood, and ultimately about the inhabiting.
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Cerezo García, Verónica, Teresa S. López González y Francisco López Herrera. "CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO E INFLACIÓN EN MÉXICO, 1993-2018: ¿UNA RELACIÓN LINEAL O NO LINEAL?" Investigación Económica 79, n.º 311 (10 de diciembre de 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.01851667p.2020.311.72437.
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<p>El objetivo del artículo es analizar si la relación entre la inflación y el crecimiento económico en México durante 1993-2018 fue lineal o no; a tal efecto, elaboramos un modelo dinámico de rezagos distribuidos no lineales. La hipótesis nula es que esa relación es lineal y la hipótesis alternativa acepta que no es lineal. Si la evidencia empírica documenta una relación lineal, la hipótesis nula implicaría que: 1) la inflación es un fenómeno puramente monetario <em>a la</em> Friedman (1968); 2) la estabilidad de precios alcanzada mediante la política monetaria del nuevo consenso macroeconómico es condición necesaria y suficiente para la aceleración del crecimiento y la superación del prolongado estancamiento de la economía mexicana, y 3) el dinero es neutral. Por el contrario, si los datos muestran una relación no lineal, se rechazarían la hipótesis nula y las implicaciones antes enunciadas.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INFLATION IN MEXICO, 1993-2018: A LINEAR OR NON-LINEAR RELATIONSHIP?</p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p>The paper is aimed at assessing whether the relationship between Mexico’s economic growth and inflation has been linear or non-linear over the period 1993-2018. A non-linear dynamic autorregresive distributive lag model is elaborated to test both the null hypothesis of a linear relationship between the involved variables and the alternative hypothesis of a non-linear relationship. An empirical support for the the null hypothesis would imply that: 1) inflation is purely a monetary phenomenon (Friedman, 1968); 2) price stability, as achieved by means of the monetary policy framework of the new macroeconomic consensus, is both a necessary and sufficient condition for output growth acceleration and for overcoming the protracted stagnation of the Mexican economy, and 3) money is neutral. By contrast, if the empirical evidence confirms a non-linear relationship, both the null hypothesis and its ensuing implications would be rejected.
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Arce Casas, Pedro Octavio. "Políticas de Género Universitarias: Institucionalización, Transversalización y Participación de la Comunidad". iQual. Revista de Género e Igualdad, n.º 5 (10 de febrero de 2022): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/iqual.483711.
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Mexican Higher Education Institutions (HEI) experienced since the second half of the XX century a growth in its enrolments, especially in the female alumni. This aforementioned phenomenon could show certain advancement in gender equality, at least in students’ population. However, the belief that Universities are isolated from the social issues of the countries they are established is dubious. The greater amount of complains about sexual harassment inside the HEI, and the reactions from feminist groups reveal the opposite, they have unveiled a vulnerability exhibited by Universities as institutions that reproduce the male domination predominant in the national context. In consequence, HEI authorities have been forced to act, and by isolated efforts started policies from a gender scope. So, the objective of this paper is to analyze within HEI policies framework three concepts: institutionalization, transversalization and community participation, which are requisites to obtain inclusive and safe institutions for half of the student community that conform the overwhelming majority of the population affected by gender violence. Las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) mexicanas experimentaron, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, un crecimiento en la matrícula, particularmente en las mujeres. Esto podría indicar cierto grado de equidad de género, al menos, en la población estudiantil. Sin embargo, la creencia de que las universidades están aisladas de las problemáticas sociales de los países en que se ubican, está en tela de juicio. Las cada vez más abundantes denuncias de acoso y hostigamiento sexual dentro de las instituciones, así como las correspondientes reacciones de grupos feministas, muestran lo contrario, han dejado al descubierto una vulnerabilidad que exhibe a las universidades como instituciones en que se reproduce la dominación masculina predominante en el contexto nacional. En consecuencia, las autoridades se han visto obligadas a actuar y, mediante esfuerzos aislados, pusieron en marcha políticas con perspectiva de género. Por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en el marco de las políticas universitarias de género tres conceptos: la institucionalización, la transversalidad y la participación comunitaria que son requisitos necesarios para lograr instituciones incluyentes y seguras para la mitad de la comunidad estudiantil que constituye la abrumante mayoría de población afectada por la violencia de género.
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Gutiérrez, Melchor. "Relaciones entre el clima motivacional, las experiencias en educación física y la motivación intrínseca de los alumnos (Relationships among motivational climate, physical education experiences and pupils’ intrinsic motivation)". Retos, n.º 26 (6 de marzo de 2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34387.
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El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar las relaciones entre la percepción del clima motivacional de la clase, las experiencias en educación física y la motivación intrínseca de los alumnos. Una muestra de 2189 alumnos de 13 a 17 años de edad completó las versiones españolas de la Escala de Percepción del Clima Motivacional (PMCS) y el Cuestionario de Motivación Intrínseca (IMI). Además, los alumnos aportaron una valoración de sus experiencias en educación física. Los resultados han mostrado que los factores más relacionados con la motivación intrínseca de los alumnos han sido la percepción del clima de maestría y las experiencias en educación física. Por el contrario, la percepción del clima de ejecución se ha mostrado más relacionada con la tensión-presión de los alumnos. Estos resultados se han discutido en el marco de la teoría de las orientaciones de meta y de la teoría de la autodeterminación y en términos de su contribución a potenciar la motivación de los adolescentes en educación física, de cara al compromiso con la práctica física y la instauración de estilos de vida activos y perdurables a lo largo del tiempo.Palabras clave: Adolescentes, clima de maestría, clima de ejecución, educación física, motivación intrínseca.Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze relationships among perceived motivational class climate, physical education experiences and pupils’ intrinsic motivation in physical education lessons. A sample of 2189 pupils, ages 13 to 17 years, completed the Spanish versions of the Perception of Motivational Climate Scale (PMCS) and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Furthermore, pupils reported an assessment of their experiences in physical education. Results showed that the factors most related with pupils’ intrinsic motivation were the perception of mastery climate and the physical education experiences. On the contrary, the perception of performance climate was related with pupils’ tension-pressure. These results were discussed within the framework of achievement goal theory, the self-determination theory and in terms of their contribution to increase adolescents’ motivation in physical education, in order to engagement in physical practices and longtime healthy lifestyles. Key words: Adolescents, mastery climate, performance climate, physical education, intrinsic motivation
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Ndagire, Lillian, Gilbert Maiga, Benedict Oyo y James Basuta. "Evaluating a Framework for Implementing IT Governance in Uganda's Higher Institutions of Learning". International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 14, n.º 1 (10 de febrero de 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.318127.
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The reliance on IT in day-to-day organization activities raises concern about how to deal with its increasing complexity. Managing IT necessitates implementing IT governance to realize the benefits of IT use. However, there is a lack of suitable frameworks to implement IT governance. For higher institutions of learning (HILs) in Uganda, the case is not different; hence, there is need to provide a framework to implement IT governance in Uganda's HILs. This paper therefore applies design science research principles to evaluate a framework for implementing IT governance in HILs in the context of Uganda. It was mainly achieved using a previous study in this environment as a basis. Framework evaluation was conducted using case study and expert opinion methods. Contrarily, the evaluation criteria was based on the framework understandability, ease of use, usefulness, and completeness. Results from the evaluation showed the framework satisfactorily implements IT governance in Uganda's HILs.
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Gómez, Oscar R. "TANTRA O YOGA. ESTUDIOS CLÍNICOS, 3ª PARTE: COMPARATIVA". Revista Científica Arbitrada de la Fundación MenteClara 2, n.º 2 (30 de octubre de 2017): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32351/rca.v2.2.32.
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Varios estudios clínicos muestran cómo las prácticas tántricas y los ejercicios de las tradiciones védicas -como el yoga- o budistas theravada o mahayana tienen un impacto psicobiológico significativo. Este estudio compara el correlato neurofisiológico de las prácticas llamadas meditaciones tántricas y no-tántricas mediante una revisión sistemática cualitativa de los datos recolectados. Se evidenció que las prácticas tántricas producen aumento en la actividad simpática, del estado de «alerta fásica» y en el rendimiento en tareas cognitivo visuales. Promueven una mayor vigilia y menor propensión al sueño, generan un incremento en la actividad cognitiva y modificaciones metabólicas contrarias a las que se verifican de las no-tántricas como consecuencia del relax inducido por esas prácticas. En oposición, las no-tántricas crean una mejor respuesta de relajación con actividad parasimpática incrementada e inhibición del sistema simpático, que induce un estado hipometabólico de descanso profundo donde el practicante permanece despierto y su atención en «alerta tónica» con los síntomas correspondientes a ese estado hipometabólico -hipotonía, disminución del consumo de oxígeno, de la tasa cardíaca y de la concentración de lactato en sangre-, modificación del normal funcionamiento endócrino, aumentos en la concentración de fenilalanina en los meditadores avanzados, en los niveles de prolactina plasmática, un incremento de cinco veces en los niveles plasmáticos de arginina vasopresina, mientras que la hormona estimulante de la tiroides disminuye de forma crónica y aguda. Esta diferencia neurofisiológica se corresponde con las diferencias encontradas en los textos investigados que señalan que las tántricas apuntan a incrementar el estado de alerta o una cualidad despierta de la mente y advierten contra la calma excesiva y, por el contrario, las escrituras y las instrucciones de meditación de la tradición védica -yoga, theravada o mahayana- apuntan a lograr quietud y calma. Indicamos futuras investigaciones clínicas desde un enfoque más interdisciplinario e incorporamos el marco teórico/filosófico de los diferentes tipos de meditación. AbstractSeveral clinical studies show how tantric practices and exercises of Vedic traditions - such as yoga- or Theravada or Mahayana Buddhists - have a significant psychobiological impact. This study compares the neurophysiological correlates of the practices called tantric and non-tantric meditations by a qualitative systematic review of the data collected. It was evidenced that the tantric practices produce increase in the sympathetic activity, the state of "phasic alertness" and in the performance in visual cognitive tasks. They promote greater alertness and lower propensity to sleep, generate an increase in cognitive activity and metabolic modifications contrary to those that are verified of non-tantric as a result of the relaxation induced by these practices. In contrast, non-tantric creams create a better relaxation response with increased parasympathetic activity and inhibition of the sympathetic system, inducing a deep rest hypometabolic state where the practitioner remains awake and his attention on "tonic alertness" with corresponding symptoms to that hypometabolic state -hypotonia, decreased oxygen consumption, heart rate and blood lactate concentration- change in normal endocrine function, increased phenylalanine concentration in advanced meditators, increased plasma prolactin levels, a five-fold increase in arginine vasopressin plasma levels, while thyroid stimulating hormone decreases chronically and acutely. This neurophysiological difference corresponds to the differences found in the investigated texts which point out that: the tantric ones aim to increase alertness or an awakened quality of the mind and warn against excessive calm and on the contrary, the writings and instructions of meditation of the Vedic tradition, yoga, Theravada or Mahayana aim to achieve stillness and calmness. We indicate future clinical research from a more interdisciplinary approach and incorporating the theoretical / philosophical framework of the different types of meditation.
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Santacruz-Bravo, Julián Darío. "Humanización de la calidad en la atención clínica en salud desde la perspectiva centrada en el paciente a partir de la Resolución 13437 de 1991". Universidad y Salud 18, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2016): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rus.161802.47.
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La humanización versus deshumanización de la calidad de la atención clínica en los servicios de salud, ha llamado la atención de todos los sectores de la sociedad colombiana en los últimos años. La falta de sensibilización frente a los procesos sociales, que incluyen un adecuado tratamiento de los procedimientos en salud, infiere la presencia de algunos elementos que atentan contra la calidad de vida de los usuarios. Este artículo busca interpretar hasta qué punto los derechos de los enfermos, tal como están concebidos, responden fielmente con la recuperación de la salud, y con ella, la humanización del servicio. Los primeros hallazgos de esta investigación demuestran cada vez más la insuficiencia de un modelo de calidad en la atención enfocado en el persona como proceso, por otro lado, el usuario de la salud sigue siendo entendido como un organismo enfermo, aislado, un cuerpo desprovisto de su singularidad y restringido al conocimiento técnico-científico que rodea la experiencia clínica lo que lo aleja cada vez mas de sus derechos fundamentales en el marco de una democratización de la salud. En conclusión, hablar de humanización en la calidad de la atención clínica en salud, es poner toda la producción de sus servicios al alcance de la mano de los pacientes, y no al contrario, recuperar la dignidad humana, no es otra cosa que, concentrar todos los esfuerzos en el sujeto del paciente y no en su exterior. Abstract The humanization versus dehumanization of the clinical care quality in the health services has attracted the attention of all sectors of Colombian society in recent years. The lack of awareness of social processes, which include a suitable treatment procedures in health infers the presence of some elements that threaten the quality of life of the users. This article seeks to interpret to what extent the rights of ill people, as they are designed, respond faithfully with the recovery of health, and with it, the humanization of the service. The first findings of this research show increasingly the inadequacy of a model of quality of care focused on the person as a process; on the other hand, the user of health is still being understood as an ill organism, a body devoid of its uniqueness, isolated and restricted to the technical and scientific knowledge that surrounds clinical experience, which every time takes the patient away from his or her fundamental rights in the framework of a democratization of health. In conclusion, to talk about humanizing the clinical care quality in health is to put the entire production of its services to the fingertips of the patients, and not the opposite; restoring human dignity is nothing more than concentrating all efforts on the subject and not on the outside of the patient.
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Kedar-Levy, Haim. "A Rational Foundation for Trend-Chasing and Contrarian Trades with Implications for Momentum Anomalies". Quarterly Journal of Finance 03, n.º 01 (marzo de 2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139213500031.
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Trend-chasing and Contrarian are well-documented empirical trading patterns that the literature generally attributes to behavioral biases. In contrast, we argue that both are rational portfolio rebalancing strategies in a dynamic asset allocation framework. Analyzing the interactions between strategies implemented in stocks and bonds, we find that a key parameter is the investor's level of relative-risk-aversion versus the market price of risk. Our mapping of preferences to trades fits remarkably well recent empirical findings of time-series momentum and reversal. Specifically, speculators trade like Trend-chasers throughout the momentum phase closing positions once the trend reverses, while hedgers trade like Contrarians. These trades seem to explain time-series momentum.
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Sánchez Benito, José María. "Bandas armadas en los campos de la Corona de Castilla (siglos XIII-XV)Armed bands in the countryside of the Kingdom of Castile". Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, n.º 5 (23 de mayo de 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh.v0i5.202.
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RESUMEN No es difícil constatar que la presencia de bandas armadas en los campos castellanos fue bastante frecuente a lo largo de los siglos XIII-XV. Profundizando un poco más se observa –también con relativa facilidad– que los objetivos que tenían no quedaban solamente en el robo o el secuestro. Por el contrario, tales bandas, aunque diversas, se insertaban perfectamente en la conflictividad política de la época y en el entramado de la sociedad feudal. Tal es el objeto de estudio de este artículo, en cuyas páginas proponemos indagar en la variedad que presentan estos grupos para poner de manifiesto sus características, objetivos y causas. De este modo comprobaremos que la violencia depredadora que practicaban estaba a menudo orientada por los poderes de la época, a cuyas pautas e intereses servían. A tal fin comenzaré tratando acerca de golfines y almogávares a fines del siglo XIII, cuya peripecia nos permitirá una primera reflexión acerca de los factores que rodean la práctica del bandidaje. Después avanzaremos cronológicamente hacia el siglo XV, siempre atentos a las agrupaciones que, adecuadamente organizadas, tenían capacidad para llevar a cabo delitos graves en despoblado y al contexto en el cual surgían. PALABRAS CLAVE: bandas armadas, Castilla, golfines, nobleza, violencia ABSTRACT It is not difficult to show that the presence of armed bands in the Castilian countryside was quite frequent throughout the XIII-XV centuries. If we go more deeply, we can observe, with relative ease, that their purpose was not only thefts and kidnapping. On the contrary, although varied in their nature, they were fully involved in the political tensions of that period as well as in the framework of the feudal society. This is the study objective of this article. Consequently, we propose to inquire into the wide range of these groups with the aim of making their characteristics, objectives and causes clear. In this way we will confirm that their violence was often guided by the powers of the time and that they served their rules and interests. To this end, we will start by looking at golfines and almogávares of the end of the XIII century. Their behavior will allow us to make an initial reflection about the factors that surround the practice of banditry. Then we will continue chronologically to the XV century, always focused on properly organized groupings that had the capacity to carry out serious offenses in deserted areas and the context in which they arose. KEY WORDS: armed bands, Kingdom of Castile, golfines, nobility, violence
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Cao, Zhangfan, William Rees y Tatiana Rodionova. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Quality in the Context of Changing Regulatory Regimes and the Financial Crisis". Revista de Contabilidad 26, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.457291.
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The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR)and earnings management in the context of changing regulatory regimes and the financial crisis. Usinga sample of 18,472 U.S. firm-year observations that represents more than 2,500 individual firms over theperiod of 1993 to 2018, we employ several panel-data regression models and find that firms with higherCSR engagement have higher discretionary accruals before the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) andlower thereafter. Moreover, the relationship between CSR and discretionary accruals is moderated by themanagerial equity incentives. Firms practicing CSR with low incentive alignment are more likely to havehigh discretionary accruals and receive more regulatory scrutiny from SOX. In contrast, we find high-CSRfirms engage less in costly real earnings management in both pre- and post-SOX periods. Using the 2008-2009 financial crisis as an external shock via the difference-in-difference method (DiD), our results showthat high-CSR firms engage less in earnings management during the financial crisis. The implications ofour findings suggest that when facing the trade-off between different types of earnings management, high-CSR firms tend to engage in less costly earnings management. Our study contributes to the burgeoningliterature on the influence of CSR on financial reporting practices by examining the relationship undervarious contexts and highlighting the importance of the recent regulatory framework for financial reportingquality. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar la relación entre la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) y lagestión de los beneficios en el contexto de cambios en los regímenes regulatorios y la crisis financiera.Utilizando una muestra de 18.472 observaciones de empresas estadounidenses que representan más de2.500 empresas individuales durante el período de 1993 a 2018, empleamos varios modelos de regresión dedatos de panel y encontramos que las empresas con mayor compromiso de RSC tienen mayores devengosdiscrecionales antes de la Ley Sarbanes Oxley de 2002 (SOX) y menores después. Además, la relación entrela RSC y la acumulación discrecional está moderada por los incentivos de los directivos. Las empresasque practican la RSC con una baja alineación de los incentivos tienen más probabilidades de tener unosdevengos discrecionales elevados y de recibir un mayor escrutinio normativo de la SOX. Por el contrario,encontramos que las empresas con un alto nivel de RSC se involucran menos en la costosa gestión de losbeneficios reales, tanto en los períodos anteriores como posteriores a la SOX. Utilizando la crisis financierade 2008-2009 como un shock externo a través del método de diferencia en diferencia (DiD), nuestrosresultados muestran que las empresas de alta RSC participan menos en la gestión de beneficios durante lacrisis financiera. Las implicaciones de nuestros resultados sugieren que cuando las empresas se enfrentan adiferentes tipos de gestión de beneficios, las que tienen un alto nivel de RSC tienden a realizar una gestiónde beneficios menos costosa. Nuestro estudio contribuye a la floreciente literatura sobre la influencia de laRSC en las prácticas de información financiera, examinando la relación en varios contextos y destacandola importancia del reciente marco normativo para la calidad de la información financiera.
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Meneguzzer, Claudio. "Modeling the Combined Effect of Travelers’ Contrarian Behavior, Learning and Inertia on the Day-to-Day Dynamics of Route Choice". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 5 (4 de marzo de 2023): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053294.
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Understanding the many facets of repeated route choice behavior in traffic networks is essential for obtaining accurate flow forecasts and enhancing the effectiveness of traffic management measures. This paper presents a model of the day-to-day evolution of route choices incorporating travelers’ contrarian behavior, learning and inertia. The model is formulated as a discrete-time nonlinear dynamical system, and its properties are investigated analytically and numerically with a focus on the effect of the fraction of individuals adopting a contrarian route choice behavior. The findings of the study indicate that the extent of contrarian behavior may have significant impacts on the attractiveness and stability of network equilibria as well as on global system performance. We show that a properly balanced combination of direct and contrarian subjects can protect the system from instabilities triggered by other behavioral and network features. Our results also suggest that the fixed point stability range may depend to a considerable extent on travelers’ inertia and memory of previous experiences, as well as on the form of the travel cost functions used in the model. The occurrence of contrarian behavior should be explicitly taken into account in the design of traffic management schemes involving the deployment of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATISs), as it may act as a mitigating factor against the concentration of choices on the recommended routes. The analytical framework proposed in this paper represents a novel contribution, since contrarian behavior in repeated route choice has been investigated mainly by means of empirical or simulation approaches thus far.
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Roy, Nabarun. "The Anatomy of a Story Less Told: Nehru and the Balance of Power". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 3, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2016): 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797016670705.
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Nehru’s foreign policy is conventionally understood as being idealistic. However, there are those who claim that Nehru was motivated by realist considerations. Such a contrarian viewpoint is often made using the balance of power lens. While some use this lens explicitly, others utilize it implicitly. This study brings together such contrarian claims and tries to understand how they all ‘hang together’. In order to do so, it creates an overall balance of power framework within which scholarship arguing that Nehru was motivated by balance of power considerations is situated. Such an exercise brings rigour and clarity to the ‘Nehru the realist’ argument and enables one to better understand the nature of Nehru’s foreign policy.
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Bend, Julia. "A Design for Gamified On-the-job Training". International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 16, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2023): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v16i3.37771.
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The main purpose of this article is to review the factors that impact employee motivation in on-the-job training and the extent to which game mechanics can be used to increase motivation and expected learning outcomes. The choice for this topic is based on the lack of academic literature on gamification in the work environment – more so, relating to on-the-job training. Contrarily, the necessity for the improvement of user’s motivation in participating in such training programmes is already well established. This study presents the JT Framework for creating gamified on-the-job training. The baseline theories applied for the framework include: the flow theory, FODEM and Octalysis framework, which were combined with various motivational theories, game mechanics and studies on user types. The framework operates in the intersection within business ROI, user experience design and behavioural science, which need to be considered when evaluating the framework. In this research, a series of interviews were conducted to assess the framework model from the user’s perspective.
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Mohd Zainol, Noor Azmi, Khairul Nizam Taib, Mohd Haniff Sofian, Haliza Mohd Zahari, Zahimi Zainol Abidin y Mohd Kamarul Amree Mohd Sarkam. "Constructing a Theoretical Framework for Assessing Community Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness". Journal of Social Science and Humanities 6, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jssh.2023.3.1.
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This exploratory study was carried out to gather the essential components for developing a theoretical framework for measuring community awareness of disaster management. This is to provide an effective instrument for educating individuals, communities and organizations about awareness regarding disaster preparedness and prevention in order to conduct a more thorough investigation. This theoretical framework was developed using a combination of literature research, interviews, focus group discussions, and observation. The study found that demographic characteristics, knowledge of disaster, disaster experience, attitude and awareness of disaster mitigation, exposure to mitigation and preparation as well as preparedness to respond to disaster are the main elements of the independent variables of this conceptual framework. These elements will affect community’s perceptions on managing disaster response, and thus affects individual, community and organization’s mitigation and preparedness for disaster. A proposed conceptual model for measuring the level of awareness for mitigation and preparedness in disaster management is presented. This framework implies that in preparing for disaster, people of different social context may perceive disaster differently and may even affect disaster mitigation and preparedness contrarily.
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Medina Castillo, Arturo Sergio y Martha Lucila Chaparro Anaya. "Desarrollo de Aplicaciones WEB por Componentes – Código Libre". Publicaciones e Investigación 7 (2 de junio de 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/25394088.1092.
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<p>En la actualidad, el desarrollo de software no parte de cero; por el contrario, ya se cuenta con un conjunto de herramientas suministradas por <em>frameworks</em>, lo que permite el desarrollo más rápido de aplicaciones, factor relevante e indispensable para apoyar procesos de mejoramiento continuo en busca de mayores niveles de competitividad en esta sociedad globalizada.</p><p>En todos los aspectos, la evolución de las aplicaciones web, ya sea en código libre o propietario, está desarrollándose velozmente, porque proporciona niveles de comunicación de servicios, interoperabilidad y acceso a clientes internos y externos que permiten soportar la administración de diferentes procesos de negocio.</p>
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SERRANO LASA, Iñaki. "El uso obligatorio de las mascarillas y su afectación a los derechos fundamentales en el Tribunal Supremo". Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, n.º 120 (30 de agosto de 2021): 275–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.120.2021.09.
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LABURPENA: COVID-19aren birusak eragindako izurriari aurre egiteko aldarrikatutako gobernuaren neurrietako bat aurpegiko babes-maskaren erabilera orokorra ezartzea izan zen. Auzitegi Goreneko Administrazioarekiko Auzien III. Salaren Laugarren atalak, 2020ko azaroaren 20ko eta abenduaren 17ko epaien bidez, oinarrizko eskubideak babesteko prozedura bereziaren bitartez jarritako administrazioarekiko bi auzi-errekurtso ezetsi zituen, eta ukatu egin zuen Osasun Ministerioaren maiatzaren 19ko 422/2020 Aginduak, haien erabilera arautzekoak, errekurtsogileen oinarrizko eskubideak urratzen zituenik. Aitzitik, Goi Auzitegiak iritzi zion birusaren hedapenaren gaineko ezagutza aintzat hartuta, maskara nahitaez erabiltzea neurri legitimoa, beharrezkoa eta neurrizkoa zela guztion osasuna babesteko interes orokorraren xedea lortzeko, zeina interes partikularren gainetik gailentzen den. Lan honek epaien balorazio kritikoa egitea du xedetzat, edukiaren ikuspegi formal eta material batetik begiratuta, auzia distira handirik gabe ebatzi baitute. Horretarako, aurretiaz, azaletik aztertu dugu larrialdi sanitarioan oinarrizko eskubideak bermatzea zaintzen duen esparru judiziala, bai eta maskaren erabilera orokorraren neurriaren arau-testuingurua ere. Egoerak aitzakia gisa balio digu gure gogoeten esparrua aztergai dugun gai nagusiari lotutako interes juridikoko zenbait alderditara zabaltzeko, eta, halaber, azken balorazio batzuk egiteko, bereziki nahitaezko neurri honen arrazoizkotasunari buruzkoak. ABSTRACT: One of the govermental measures promulgated to cope with the epidemic provoked by COVID-19 virus was the application of the generalized use of the face protection masks. The Fourth Section in the Contentious-Administrative Chamber by the Supreme Court by means of judgments from November 20th and December 17th dismissed some contentious-administrative appeals lodged according to the special process for the protection of fundamental rights, denying that the Order by the Health Ministry 422/2020 of May 19th that rules their use, had violated the appellants fundamental rights. On the contrary, the High Court considered that in the state of knowledge of the dissemination of the virus, the mandatory use of face protection masks was a legitimate measure in order to achieve the general goal of health protection overriding other particular interests. This work aims at critically assessing the judgments, as from a formal an material perspective they sort out the dispute with little brillance. For that, we briefly explore the judicial framework that ensures guarantees of fundamental rigths during health emergency, and also the legal context of the mandatory generalized use of face protection masks. The juncture shall be a pretext for broadening the field for reflecting on some of the aspects of legal interest related to the main issue studied, as well as for providing a final assessment, in particular, on the reasonableness of such a compulsory measure. RESUMEN: Una de las medidas gubernamentales promulgada para hacer frente a la epidemia causada por el virus COVID-19 fue la imposición de la utilización generalizada de las mascarillas faciales de protección. La Sección Cuarta de la Sala III de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo mediante las sentencias de 20 de noviembre y 17 de diciembre de 2020 desestimó sendos recursos contencioso-administrativos interpuestos a través del procedimiento especial de protección de derechos fundamentales, negando que la Orden del Ministerio de Sanidad 422/2020, de 19 de mayo, reguladora de su utilización vulnerase los derechos fundamentales de las personas recurrentes. Por el contrario, el Alto Tribunal consideró que, en el estado de conocimiento de propagación del virus, el uso obligatorio de la mascarilla constituía una medida legítima, necesaria y proporcional para alcanzar el fin de interés general de protección de la salud de todos, el cual prevalece sobre los intereses particulares. Este trabajo tiene por objeto realizar una valoración crítica de estas sentencias, en tanto que desde una perspectiva material de contenido y formal, despachan el litigio sin demasiada profundidad ni brillantez. Para ello, con carácter previo exploramos de forma somera el marco judicial que vela por la garantía de los derechos fundamentales en la emergencia sanitaria, así como el contexto normativo de la medida del uso generalizado de mascarillas. La coyuntura nos sirve de pretexto para ampliar el campo de nuestras reflexiones hacia una serie de aspectos de interés jurídico conexos, además de para aportar unas valoraciones finales sobre la cuestión, en particular, sobre la razonabilidad de dicha medida obligatoria.
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Witczak, Marcin, Marcin Mrugalski y Bogdan Lipiec. "Remaining Useful Life Prediction of MOSFETs via the Takagi–Sugeno Framework". Energies 14, n.º 8 (11 de abril de 2021): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082135.
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The paper presents a new method of predicting the remaining useful life of technical devices. The proposed soft computing approach bridges the gap between analytical and data-driven health prognostic approaches. Whilst the former ones are based on the classical exponential shape of degradation, the latter ones learn the degradation behavior from the observed historical data. As a result of the proposed fusion, a practical method for calculating components’ remaining useful life is proposed. Contrarily to the approaches presented in the literature, the proposed ensemble of analytical and data-driven approaches forms the uncertainty interval containing an expected remaining useful life. In particular, a Takagi–Sugeno multiple models-based framework is used as a data-driven approach while an exponential curve fitting on-line approach serves as an analytical one. Unlike conventional data-driven methods, the proposed approach is designed on the basis of the historical data that apart from learning is also applied to support the diagnostic decisions. Finally, the entire scheme is used to predict power Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors’ (MOSFETs) health status. The status of the currently operating MOSFET is determined taking into consideration the knowledge obtained from the preceding MOSFETs, which went through the run-to-failure process. Finally, the proposed approach is validated with the application of real data obtained from the NASA Ames Prognostics Data Repository.
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Maheshwari, Supriya y Raj S. Dhankar. "Market State and Investment Strategies: Evidence from the Indian Stock Market". IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 7, n.º 2 (julio de 2018): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277975218769501.
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This study contributes to the growing literature on momentum and overreaction effect by investigating the same within the framework of the Indian stock market. Based on the most adopted methodology that employs monthly data, the empirical results derived confirm the existence of momentum and long-term overreaction effect in the Indian stock market. The overall results from the study are consistent with DeBondt and Thaler (1985) and Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) findings for the US stock market. In addition, we tested the profitability of momentum and contrarian strategies under different market states. The results indicated a strong relationship between the state of the market and momentum profitability, wherein strong momentum profits were observed following an ‘up’ market. On the contrary, long-term contrarian strategies were found to be stronger following a ‘down’ market in the Indian stock market. The market-dependent asset pricing model failed to explain excess momentum profits in the Indian stock market. The evidence from the study provides partial support to various behavioural models to explain these effects in the Indian stock market. However, there exists a need to develop a single behavioural model that could explain these anomalies completely in the emerging markets like India.
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Mushtaq, Khudija, Adnan Yaqoob y Tahmina Bano. "A Comparative Analysis of Moral Principles: Veracity versus Confidentiality versus Justice". Annals of King Edward Medical University 27, n.º 4 (2 de febrero de 2022): 604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v27i4.4899.
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A number of frameworks can be used to analyze ethical and moral issues objectively whether the act of an individual is ethically good and bad. Health care providers are ethically concerned with clients' confidentiality and veracity in their clinical practice. The current article reveals the ethical dilemma of an infertile couple. Ethical issues affect the human being physical, mentally, and socially. If the Health care provider sustains the confidentiality, contrarily it will be against the principles of veracity therefore, the truthfulness will be the topmost importance.
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Bennett, Anthony William y Simone Mueller Loose. "Benchmarking Economic Sustainability: What Factors Explain Heterogeneity between Wine Businesses?" Sustainability 15, n.º 24 (8 de diciembre de 2023): 16686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416686.
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To assess a wine producer’s economic sustainability, it is useful to benchmark its economic indicators against a suitable reference group. Existing research mainly compares wine businesses either by region or by size alone. There is a research gap concerning which of the two benchmarking factors can be more suitable or whether both factors are required. Using a framework of economic sustainability benchmarking figures, the effects of region and size, as well as the effect of their interactions, on 10 economic indicators were estimated through an ANOVA and the estimation of effect sizes. The analysis is based on a unique data set of business data averages of 382 German wine estates across six agricultural years (2014–2019). Region and size both had a significant influence on 7 out of 10 benchmark indicators. Wine estates from distinct regions more strongly differed in their primary indicators of production factors, price and yield as well as secondary indicators of cost and productivity. Contrarily, wine estates of diverse size groups more strongly differed in their tertiary indicators of profitability and return, which are key indicators of economic sustainability. Both size and region should be utilized for suitable economic indicators when benchmarking wine businesses for future assessments of economic sustainability. Hereby, this paper provides a first step in making economic sustainability less subjective for the German wine industry and how to move forward in regards to benchmarking within empirical frameworks and tools of economic sustainability.
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Dimopoulos, Yannis, Wolfgang Dvorak, Matthias König, Anna Rapberger, Markus Ulbricht y Stefan Woltran. "Redefining ABA+ Semantics via Abstract Set-to-Set Attacks". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, n.º 9 (24 de marzo de 2024): 10493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i9.28918.
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Assumption-based argumentation (ABA) is a powerful defeasible reasoning formalism which is based on the interplay of assumptions, their contraries, and inference rules. ABA with preferences (ABA+) generalizes the basic model by allowing qualitative comparison between assumptions. The integration of preferences however comes with a cost. In ABA+, the evaluation under two central and well-established semantics---grounded and complete semantics---is not guaranteed to yield an outcome. Moreover, while ABA frameworks without preferences allow for a graph-based representation in Dung-style frameworks, an according instantiation for general ABA+ frameworks has not been established so far. In this work, we tackle both issues: First, we develop a novel abstract argumentation formalism based on set-to-set attacks. We show that our so-called Hyper Argumentation Frameworks (HYPAFs) capture ABA+. Second, we propose relaxed variants of complete and grounded semantics for HYPAFs that yield an extension for all frameworks by design, while still faithfully generalizing the established semantics of Dung-style Argumentation Frameworks. We exploit the newly established correspondence between ABA+ and HYPAFs to obtain variants for grounded and complete ABA+ semantics that are guaranteed to yield an outcome. Finally, we discuss basic properties and provide a complexity analysis. Along the way, we settle the computational complexity of several ABA+ semantics.
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Ulbricht, Markus, Nico Potyka, Anna Rapberger y Francesca Toni. "Non-flat ABA Is an Instance of Bipolar Argumentation". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, n.º 9 (24 de marzo de 2024): 10723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i9.28944.
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Assumption-based Argumentation (ABA) is a well-known structured argumentation formalism, whereby arguments and attacks between them are drawn from rules, defeasible assumptions and their contraries. A common restriction imposed on ABA frameworks (ABAFs) is that they are flat, i.e. each of the defeasible assumptions can only be assumed, but not derived. While it is known that flat ABAFs can be translated into abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs) as proposed by Dung, no translation exists from general, possibly non-flat ABAFs into any kind of abstract argumentation formalism. In this paper, we close this gap and show that bipolar AFs (BAFs) can instantiate general ABAFs. To this end we develop suitable, novel BAF semantics which borrow from the notion of deductive support. We investigate basic properties of our BAFs, including computational complexity, and prove the desired relation to ABAFs under several semantics.
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Olaleye, Abel y Beatrice Oyinloluwa Adebara. "Another look at property market maturity framework and its application to Lagos property market, Nigeria". Journal of Property Investment & Finance 37, n.º 5 (5 de agosto de 2019): 486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-04-2019-0048.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re-examine the framework for determining property market maturity by including the economic characteristics of a country in the measure.Design/methodology/approachThe examination was done in Lagos property market, which was stratified into Mainland and Island markets. A total of 181 estate surveying and valuation firms and 87 property development companies, as represented by top-level managers, participated in the survey. Data were collected on their perception of property market maturity attributes that included market openness, presence of professionals, level of transparency and state of the economy, among others. The data were analyzed using mean rating and mean deviation.FindingsThe result showed that “diversity of real estate products and forms” was ranked highly and had reached a mature stage in Lagos Mainland, Island and the aggregated Lagos market. Contrarily, the state of the economy was still at immature stage in Lagos and its sub-markets. Overall, the results showed that the Lagos property market was emerging and that the inclusion of economic features in the maturity framework reduced the level of maturity of the market when compared with previous studies.Practical implicationsThe study implied that the assessment of the state of economy of a country, as part of the attributes for measuring property market maturity, will impact on the result and should be taken into consideration.Originality/valueThe study adds to the previous studies on property market maturity by assessing the impact of the economic characteristics of a country on the measure.
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Skreslet, Stanley. "Configuring Missiology: Reading Classified Bibliographies as Disciplinary Maps La configuration de la missiologie lire les bibliographies organisées comme des cartes de disciplines scientifiques Missiologie strukturieren: Das Lesen klassifizierter Bibliografien als Karten der Disziplin Configurar Misiología: Leer Bibliografías Clasificadas como Mapas Disciplinarios". Mission Studies 23, n.º 2 (2006): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338306778985730.
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AbstractAs the academic field of missiology has matured over the past century, nearly everything about the discipline became more complex. Clearly, the field has expanded beyond the boundaries of applied theology. Among its practitioners today are both secular observers and scholars who are themselves actively involved in world missionary efforts. In no other part of the typical seminary curriculum, perhaps, do the concerns of so many different academic fields naturally intersect, including history, linguistics, anthropology, sociology of religion, communications, education, leadership, studies of organizational behavior and, of course, all of the theological sciences. With such a broad range of potential themes to pursue and so many scholarly conversation partners to engage, missiologists may be tempted to envision their field of study as an inchoate collection of all human knowledge. This article argues otherwise by proposing a detailed framework in outline form for the discipline, by which the main divisions and most central topics of the field can be indicated. To prepare the way for this new proposal, several existing classified bibliographies related to missiology are analyzed. Avec la maturation du champ de la missiologie scientique au cours du siècle passé, presque tous les éléments de cette discipline sont devenus plus complexes. Le champ s'est clairement étendu au-delà des frontières de la théologie appliquée. Aujourd'hui on trouve parmi ses praticiens aussi bien des observateurs laïques que des érudits eux-mêmes activement engagés dans le travail missionnaire mondial. Probablement nulle part ailleurs, dans le programme type des séminaires, ne se croisent naturellement autant de champs scientifiques différents tels que l'histoire, la linguistique, l'anthropologie, la sociologie des religions, les communications, l'éducation, la formation des responsables, les études institutionnelles, et bien sûr toutes les sciences théologiques. Avec un tel éventail de thèmes à travailler et tant de partenaires possibles d'échange académique, les missiologues pourraient être tentés de considérer leur champ d'étude comme un ensemble embryonnaire de tout le savoir humain. Cet article propose au contraire un cadre schématique détaillé pour cette discipline, indiquant les principales divisions et les sujets les plus centraux de son champ. En vue de cette nouvelle proposition, il analyse plusieurs bibliographies organisées déjà existantes en lien avec la missiologie. Im Maße, in dem das akademische Feld der Missiologie in Laufe des vergangenen Jahrhunderts reifte, ist fast alles in dieser Disziplin komplexer geworden. Offensichtlich hat sich das Feld über die Grenzen der angewandten Theologie hinausentwickelt. Unter ihren Betreibern finden sich heute sowohl weltliche Beobachter wie auch Gelehrte, die selbst aktiv an den Anstrengungen der Weltmission teilnehmen. Wahrscheinlich in keinem anderen Teil eines Standard-curriculums eines Seminars kreuzen sich zwanglos so viele Fragestellungen von verschiedenen akademischen Gebieten, einschließlich Geschichte, Linguistik, Anthropologie, Religionssoziologie, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Erziehung, Leitungsfunktion, Studien von Organisationsverhalten und selbstverständlich alle theologischen Wissenschaften. Mit einer solchen Bandbreite von möglichen Themen, die angesprochen und mit wissenschaftlichen Gesprächspartnern verfolgt werden können, sind die Missiologen versucht, ihr Arbeitsgebiet als eine anfängliche Sammlung allen menschlichen Wissens zu betrachten. Dieser Artikel argumentiert für eine andere Sichtweise und schlägt in Grundrissen einen detaillierten Rahmen für diese Disziplin vor, der die hauptsächlichen Trennlinien und wichtigsten Zentralfragen in diesem Gebiet auflistet. In der Vorbereitung zu diesem neuen Vorschlag werden verschiedene vorhandene klassifizierte Biblio-graphien zur Missiologie untersucht. Como el campo académico de misiología ha madurado a través del siglo pasado, casi todo sobre la disciplina llegó a ser más complejo. Claramente, el campo ha extendido más allá de los límites de teología aplicada. Entre su practicantes hoy son observadores seculares y eruditos que están metidos activamente en el mundo de los esfuerzos misioneros. Quizás en ninguna otra parte del plan de estudios típicos del seminario cortan naturalmente los intereses de tantos campos académicos, incluso historia, lingüística, antropología, sociología de religión, comunicaciones, educación, dirigencia, estudios de la conducta organizativa y, por supuesto, todo de las ciencias teológicas. Con tantos temas potenciales para perseguir y tantos compañeros de conversación eruditos, los eruditos de misiología se tientan a prever su campo de estudio como una colección incoherente de todo conocimiento humano. Este artículo argumenta lo contrario proponiendo un marco detallado en líneas generales para la disciplina, en el que se pueden indicar las divisiones principales y tópicos más centrales del campo. Preparar el camino para esta propuesta nueva, se analizan varias bibliografías clasificadas actuales que están relacionadas con misiología.
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Martins, António y Daniel Taborda. "Article: BEFIT and Formulary Apportionment: Should Intangibles Be Included in the Formula?" EC Tax Review 31, Issue 3 (1 de mayo de 2022): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2022013.
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In 2021 the European Commission proposed a new framework for taxing corporate income (“Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation”, or BEFIT). Consolidated profits of European Union (EU) based groups will be aggregated into a single tax base, and then allocated to Member States (MS) through a formulary approach. Critical issues in defining the formula comprise how assets (including intangibles) should be reflected. The purpose of this article is to discuss some core topics related to intangible recognition and its potential impact in the formulary approach considered in BEFIT. More precisely, the topics addressed are: (1) should intangibles be included in the asset component of the formula, alongside with sales and employment? (2) considering the several types of intangible assets, which ones would merit inclusion? Our view is that intangibles acquired to other companies belonging to the group (related party transactions) and intangibles developed internally by group members but that do not meet criteria for accounting recognition, should be out of the formula. Contrarily, intangibles developed internally that fulfil criteria for accounting recognition, and intangibles acquired to third (independent) parties should be included, with an exception for recognized goodwill. BEFIT, formula apportionment, EU corporate taxation, intangibles
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Arango Restrepo, Sofía Stella. "La estética de la fealdad en Tomás Carrasquilla". Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, n.º 24 (11 de agosto de 2011): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.elc.9864.
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Resumen: El propósito del siguiente escrito es examinar desde el punto de vista de la estética de lo feo algunas de las obras de Carrasquilla donde las caracterizaciones de los personajes, la concepción del paisaje, las oposiciones y contradicciones, permiten develar desde el ser de los personajes y la sociedad un realismo desmitificador que conmueve e impacta el receptor. Posición conciente en Carrasquilla que lo hizo mover en una corriente contraria a una parte de la crítica literaria de la época. Descriptores: Estética de lo feo; Belleza; Realismo; Débil; Horrendo; Mezquino. Abstract: Departing from a theoretical framework based on the aesthetic of the ugly, the purpose of the following article is to examine some woks by Tomás Carrasquilla where the depiction of characters, the conception of the landscape, oppositions and contradictions allow to reveal an unmystifying realism which shocks the reader. The author was plenty aware that with this aesthetic position he was moving against the major literary criticism of his times. Key words: Aesthetic of the ugly; Realism; Carrasquilla; Tomás.
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Muftau, Diyaolu, Akorede y Oso, Olutoyin Olukemi. "Conceptual Model for Assessment of the Use of ICT among Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Oyo State, Nigeria". International Journal of Scientific and Management Research 06, n.º 06 (2023): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2023.6602.
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Purpose Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have emerged as promising opportunities to eliminate and reduce unemployment globally, and at the same time, brought about increased levels of technological advancement which has equally revolutionized the dynamics of the business terrain. Contrarily, many SMEs in Nigeria are not utilizing ICT due to some major barriers as identified in the literature. To this end, this study aims to propose a conceptual model for assessing the influential factors of ICT use among the SMEs. Design/methodology/approach To complement this, a survey was conducted in Oyo South Senatorial district of Oyo State, Nigeria. A total number of Seventy-three (73) SMEs operators were randomly selected as the sample size. The descriptive statistics which includes frequency counts and percentages were used to describe the sample and to assess ICT use. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship and influence of technology, organization and environment characteristics on use of ICT. Findings The findings revealed that ICT use has significant positive relationship with the constructs of the TOE Framework. the TOE Constructs also have joint influence on the use of ICT by the SMEs. Discussion of findings, summary and conclusion along with research contribution were also presented in this study. Originality/value The Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework has been widely used in examining the factors influencing IT adoption generally, but few studies have attempted to use this framework to measure ICT use among the SMEs.
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Paraguassú, Pedro V., Lucianno Defaveri, Sílvio M. Duarte Queirós y Welles A. M. Morgado. "Probabilities for informational free lunches in stochastic thermodynamics". Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 123204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aca0ea.
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Abstract By considering an explicit nonequilibrium model, we analyze the statistics of the irreversible work, w irr, and the irreversible entropy production, Δ i s, within the stochastic energetics framework. Restating the second law of thermodynamics as a function of w irr, we introduce the explicit probability of violating the canonical form of that second law for a different set of parameters and initial conditions of the model. Moreover, we study the irreversible entropy production along the same lines, since it can be cast as a generalization of the irreversible work. From an informational perspective, our result allows one to quantify the probability of deleting information without performing work, contrarily to the Landauer’s principle, which we classify as an informational free lunch. We chose for the initial conditions cases of low information content (equilibrium) and high information content (delta distributed).
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Begoore, Yateesh. "Prisoners Dilemma: Ascertaining and Augmenting the Multinational NIAC Detention Regime". Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 20, n.º 1 (29 de agosto de 2017): 436–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13894633_02001014.
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While International Humanitarian Law (IHL) contains a comprehensive framework of rules and procedural protections for detainees in international armed conflicts (IACS), there is a conspicuous absence of such rules and protections for detainees in the case of non-international armed conflicts (NIACS). In fact, as the recent Serdar Mohammad v. Ministry of Defence case pointed out, the rules pertaining to NIACS make no mention of detention authority at all, leading some scholars to conclude that International Human Rights Law (IHRL), and not IHL, governs NIAC detention. Contrarily, this paper contends that not only does IHL govern (as well as grant authority for) NIAC detentions, the regime’s shortcomings regarding procedural safe-guards and treatment standards may be remedied through the application of the Copenhagen Process Principles – as evolutive interpretation or interpretation based on subsequent agreement – to Common Art. 3 of the Geneva Conventions.
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Aden Dirir, Sadik. "The Effect of Institutional Quality on Economic Growth: Evidence from Tripartite Approaches in the Context of War-Torn Countries". Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 14, n.º 3 (21 de diciembre de 2023): 508–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2023.14.3.
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This paper is undertaken to investigate the role of institutional quality in proportion to the economic growth of war-torn countries during the last 20 years. Within this framework, the paper employed three different models to investigate the link that exists between good governance indicators and economic growth. According to the results, the long-run PMG model indicated that political stability and regulatory quality increase war-torn countries’ economic development. Contrarily, it has been demonstrated that the situation of law and corruption in these countries reduces economic growth. Neither the long-term nor short-term estimations from the MG and DFE models showed any noteworthy results. Next, the FMOLS and DOLS revealed that political stability, voice and accountability have a favorable effect on the economic development of these nations. On the other hand, these nations’ regulatory standards had a very detrimental impact on economic growth. Lastly, the fixed-effects model showed that a 1% improvement in these nations’ political stability will result in a 4.5% increase in GDP. This research will aid managers, academics, and policymakers in determining the course of actions needed in their areas of specialization or nations of interest to ensure economic growth and put in place an effective institutional framework through enforced supervision.
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Shiu, Jerry Yuwen. "Individual rationality and differences in Taiwanese spa hotel choice". Tourism Economics 24, n.º 1 (7 de julio de 2017): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816617718972.
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This study explored a systematic framework to understand the dynamic relationships of individual rationality in spa hotel choice. Taking a relational perspective, we examined the process of net value perception linking the antecedents (i.e. quality, price and risk) and consequence (i.e. willingness to buy (WTB)), along with the moderating effects of demographic variables on the links. A survey was conducted at spa hotels in four major spa regions of Taiwan. The findings indicated that the immediate situational factors of quality and price contribute to the net value perception, which in turn leads to the WTB. Oppositely, the long-term factor of risk does not have either direct or indirect effect when making such an infrequent decision. The contrarily moderating effects of demographic variables (e.g. gender, living region and consumptive frequency) on the decision paths present managers with directions to offer proper packages to reach their target customers.
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Kebbach, Maeruan, Christian Schulze, Christian Meyenburg, Daniel Kluess, Mevluet Sungu, Albrecht Hartmann, Klaus-Peter Günther y Rainer Bader. "An MRI-Based Patient-Specific Computational Framework for the Calculation of Range of Motion of Total Hip Replacements". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 6 (23 de marzo de 2021): 2852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062852.
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The calculation of range of motion (ROM) is a key factor during preoperative planning of total hip replacements (THR), to reduce the risk of impingement and dislocation of the artificial hip joint. To support the preoperative assessment of THR, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based computational framework was generated; this enabled the estimation of patient-specific ROM and type of impingement (bone-to-bone, implant-to-bone, and implant-to-implant) postoperatively, using a three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) to visualize typical clinical joint movements. Hence, patient-specific CAD models from 19 patients were generated from MRI scans and a conventional total hip system (Bicontact® hip stem and Plasmacup® SC acetabular cup with a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing) was implanted virtually. As a verification of the framework, the ROM was compared between preoperatively planned and the postoperatively reconstructed situations; this was derived based on postoperative radiographs (n = 6 patients) during different clinically relevant movements. The data analysis revealed there was no significant difference between preoperatively planned and postoperatively reconstructed ROM (∆ROM) of maximum flexion (∆ROM = 0°, p = 0.854) and internal rotation (∆ROM = 1.8°, p = 0.917). Contrarily, minor differences were observed for the ROM during maximum external rotation (∆ROM = 9°, p = 0.046). Impingement, of all three types, was in good agreement with the preoperatively planned and postoperatively reconstructed scenarios during all movements. The calculated ROM reached physiological levels during flexion and internal rotation movement; however, it exceeded physiological levels during external rotation. Patients, where implant-to-implant impingement was detected, reached higher ROMs than patients with bone-to-bone impingement. The proposed framework provides the capability to predict postoperative ROM of THRs.
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Drira, Sabrine, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Tarek Hattab, Yunne-Jai Shin, Amel Ben Rejeb Jenhani y François Guilhaumon. "Can We Avoid Tacit Trade-Offs between Flexibility and Efficiency in Systematic Conservation Planning? The Mediterranean Sea as a Case Study". Diversity 14, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14010009.
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Species distribution models (SDMs) provide robust inferences about species-specific site suitability and are increasingly used in systematic conservation planning (SCP). SDMs are subjected to intrinsic uncertainties, and conservation studies have generally overlooked these. The integration of SDM uncertainties in conservation solutions requires the development of a suitable optimization algorithm. Exact optimization algorithms grant efficiency to conservation solutions, but most of their implementations generate a single binary and indivisible solution. Therefore, without variation in their parameterization, they provide low flexibility in the implementation of conservation solutions by stakeholders. Contrarily, heuristic algorithms provide such flexibility, by generating large amounts of sub-optimal solutions. As a consequence, efficiency and flexibility are implicitly linked in conservation applications: mathematically efficient solutions provide less flexibility, and the flexible solutions provided by heuristics are sub-optimal. To avoid this trade-off between flexibility and efficiency in SCP, we propose a reserve-selection framework, based on exact optimization combined with a post-selection of SDM outputs. This reserve-selection framework provides flexibility and addresses the efficiency and representativeness of conservation solutions. To exemplify the approach, we analyzed an experimental design, crossing pre- and post-selection of SDM outputs versus heuristics and exact mathematical optimizations. We used the Mediterranean Sea as a biogeographical template for our analyses, integrating the outputs of eight SDM techniques for 438 fish species.
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Coutinho, Raquel Zanatta y Andre Braz Golgher. "Modelling the proximate determinants of fertility for Brazil: the advent of competing preferences". Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 35, n.º 1 (11 de junio de 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0041.
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More than half of the world’s population lives in a country where fertility is below replacement level (MYRSKYLA; KOHLER; BILLARI, 2009). In Brazil, the total fertility rate (TFR) went down from 4.26 children per women in 1980 to 1.91 in 2010. Some internal disparities exist. We use data from the DHS from 1986, 1996 and the PNDS from 2006, the most recent survey available, to decompose and analyze fertility rates using a framework proposed by Bongaarts (2001), which is especially useful to explore and compare factors behind total fertility rates. The framework includes desired family size (DFS), unwanted fertility, sex preference, replacements for child mortality, rising age at childbearing, involuntary infertility and competing preferences. By understanding fertility components across time in Brazil, this paper illuminates how these factors vary by socio-demographic characteristics (race, religion, wealth, education, and place of residence), and how these factors combined have formed TFR throughout the years and in contexts of both high and low fertility. We found that, contrarily to what happened in the past, women in recent periods are having, in aggregate, fewer children than their ideal family sizes. However, unwanted pregnancies still explain why certain social groups have more children than desired. We also find that women with higher levels of education tend to desire more children than women with lower educational levels. Competing preferences is the main explanation for this disparity.
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Kim, Taewoo Daniel y Kiyool Ohk. "Private Information and Trading Behavior: KOSPI200 Futures Markets". Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 23, n.º 2 (31 de mayo de 2015): 207–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-02-2015-b0003.
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The study examines whether the trader’s order imbalance for KOSPI200 futures can explain their informativeness. I use daily positions of various types of futures market participants such as foreign investors, institution investors, and individual investors to identify informed traders. The positions of foreign investors, institution investors and individual investors are correlated with returns in KOSPI200 futures markets, but there is some debate as the interpretation of such a relationship. I find that the foreign investors’ position is informative to investors, supporting the private information view. In terms of trader’s behavior, foreign traders follow contrarian strategies and trade with higher information than individual and institutional traders, who trade as momentum. Also, I considering regime switching effects in this frameworks. In threshold regression models, I found a different behavior during futures return expansions and contractions or volatility expansions and contractions.
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Quer, Diego y Xing Peng. "Multinacionales de mercados emergentes y adquisiciones internacionales: el caso de las empresas chinas en el sector hotelero español". Cuadernos de Turismo, n.º 44 (29 de noviembre de 2019): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/turismo.44.404981.
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La expansión internacional de las multinacionales de mercados emergentes está adquiriendo una creciente importancia en los últimos años. El sector hotelero no es ajeno a esta tendencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si los modelos teóricos tradicionales resultan aplicables al caso de las inversiones efectuadas por empresas turísticas chinas o si, por el contrario, se hace necesario utilizar nuevos planteamientos. A partir de un estudio de casos de tres empresas chinas que han invertido en el sector hotelero español, nuestros resultados indican que dichas empresas, más que explotar sus ventajas competitivas, persiguen obtener nuevas fuentes de ventaja. Asimismo, en lugar de seguir un proceso gradual, optan por modos de establecimiento que les permitan acceder de forma rápida a esos activos estratégicos. The international expansion of emerging-market multinationals is becoming increasingly important in recent years. This trend is also present in the hotel industry. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether traditional theoretical frameworks are applicable to cross-border investments by Chinese tourism companies or new approaches become necessary. From a multiple case study of three Chinese companies with investments in the Spanish hotel industry, our results indicate that these companies, rather than exploiting their competitive advantages, seek to obtain new sources of advantage. Moreover, instead of following a gradual process, they choose establishment modes that allow them to quickly access these strategic assets.