Literatura académica sobre el tema "823.087 2"

In the present work, Basrah crude oil, atmospheric distillate of 305-623 K boiling range, vacuum distillate of 623-823 K boiling range, and wide petroleum distillate of boiling range 305-823 K are hydrotreated in trickle bed reactor using Cobalt- Molybdenum alumina as a catalyst. Hydrotreating temperatures are 598-648K, 598- 673K, 648-673K and 648K respectively while LHSV are 0.7-2 hr-1, 1 hr-1, 0.7-2 hr-1 respectively. The operating pressure and H2/Oil ratio for all experiments are kept constant at 3 Mpa and 300 liter/liter. The results show that Sulphur and metal content decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing LHSV. Vacuum residue of boiling range above 823K is mixed with hydrotreated atmospheric distillate, vacuum distillate and with the hydrotreated wide petroleum distillate. The temperature for hydrotreating the mixed sample is 648K and LHSV is 1 hr-1. It was found that hydrotreating crude oil is the best choice since it gives the highest removal of sulphur, vanadium and cobalt removal..

تم معاملة نفط خام البصرة كاملا بالهيدروجين وكذلك المقطر الجوي المشق من نفط خام البصرة الذي مدى غليانه من بداية درجة الغليان الى 623 كلفن والمقر الفراغي المشتق من نفط خام البصرة ايضا والذي مدى غليانه من 623 الى 823 كلفن وكذلك المقطر النفطي الواسع المشتق من نفط خام البصرة ايضا والذي مدى غليانه من بداية درجة الغليان الى 823 كلفن في مفاعل ثلاثي الاطوار باستخدام الكوبلت مولبيدنيوم المحمول على الالومينا كعامل مساعد. كانت حدود درجات حرارة التفاعل للنفط الخام 598 الى 648 كلفن وحدود سرع السائل الفراغية 0.7 الى 2 ساعة -1 وكانت حدود درجات حرارة التفاعل للمقطر الجوي 598 الى 673 كلفن وللمقطر الفراغي 648 الى 673 كلفن وللمقطر النفطي الواسع 648 كلفن , اما حدود سرع السائل الفراغية فكانت للمقر الجوي 1 ساعة -1 وللمقطر الفراغي 0.7 الى 2 ساعة -1 , علما ان جميع هذه التفاعلات كانت تحت ضغط هيدروجيني ثابت 3 ميكاباسكال وباستعمال نسبة هيدروجين الى المغذي 300 لتر/لتر. من النتائج تبين ان محتوى الكبريت والفناديوم والنيكل في نواتج عملية المعاملة بالهيدروجين يقل بارتفاع درجة الحرارة وانخفاض سرعة السائل الفراغية. تم مزج المخلف الفراغي (vacuum residue) المشتق من نفط خام البصرة الذي مدى غليانه اعلى من 823 كلفن مع المقطر الجوي المعامل بالهيدروجين والمقطر الفراغي المعامل بالهيدروجين ومع المقطر النفطي الواسع المعامل بالهيدروجين ايضا بنفس نسب وجودها في النفط الخام الاصلي, علما بان ظروف عملية المعاملة بالهيدروجين لجميع المقاطع التي خلطت مع المتبقي الفراغي هي درجة الحرارة 648 كلفن وسرهة سائل فراغية 1 ساعة -1 بهدف الحصول على نفط خام مهدرج باكثر من طريقة , وبتحليل النتائج وجد ان معاملة النفط الخام بالهيدروجين كاملا للنفط الخام الكامل في افضل طريقة, حيث تم الحصول من خلالها على اقل محتوى من الكبريت والفاديوم والنيكل.

SURGICAL APPROACH IN CONCOMITANT COMPLICATIONS OF DUODENAL ULCERNishanov F., Abdullajonov B., Nishanov M., Rustamov J., Ibragimov B., Mishenina E.Authors analyzed results of surgical treatment in 307 patients with concomitant complications of duodenal ulcer. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the chosen diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The first group comprised 168 (54.7%) patients who underwent “traditional” gastric resection while the second group included 139 (45.3%) patients who underwent modifying variants of gastric resection.It was established that improvement of definite operation types and employment of optimal treatment methods can result in a decrease in frequency of early postoperative specific complication by 8.3% (from 15.5 to 7.2%, р<0.01), frequency of re-laparotomy by 4.3 (from 6.5 to 2.2%) and mortality by 2.2% (from 2.9 to 0.7%, р<0.05), and this gives a possibility to improve the results of surgical treatment of concomitant complications of duodenal ulcers in whole.Key words: duodenal ulcer, gastric resection, re-laparotomy, modification variants. РезюмеХІРУРГІЧНА ТАКТИКА ПРИ ПОЄДНАНИХ УСКЛАДНЕННЯХ ВИРАЗКОВОЇ ХВОРОБИ ДВАНАДЦЯТИПАЛОЇ КИШКИНішанов Ф., Абдуллажанов Б., Нішанов М.Ф, Рустамов Ж., Ібрагімов Б., Мішеніна К.Автори аналізують результатів хірургічного лікування 307 пацієнтів з поєднаними ускладненнями ВХДПК.Хворих в залежності від застосованої діагностичної та хірургічної тактики умовно поділили на 2 групи. Першу контрольну групу склали 168 (54,7%) пацієнтів,яким були виконані «традиційні» варіанти резекції шлунка, другу основну групу склали 139 (45,3%) пацієнтів,яким були виконані модифіковані варіанти резекції шлунка.Встановлено,щоудосконалення окремих технічніхприйомів операції та застосування оптимальних способів лікування ускладнень,дозволяють знизити частоту ранніх післяопераційних специфічних ускладнень на 8,3% (з 15,5 до 7,2%,р <0,01), частоту релапаротомій на 4,3 (з 6,5 до 2,2%) і летальних випадків на 2,2% (з 2,9 до 0,7%, р <0,05), тим самимсприяючи поліпшенню результатів хірургічного лікування поєднаних ускладнень дуоденальних виразок в цілому.Ключові слова: язвена хвороба дванадцятипалої кишки, резекція шлунку, релапаратомія, модифіковані варіанти. РезюмеХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ ТАКТИКА ПРИ СОЧЕТАННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯХ ЯЗВ ДВЕНАДЦАТИПЕРСТНОЙ КИШКИНишанов Ф., Абдуллажанов Б., Нишанов М., Рустамов Ж., Ибрагимов Б., Мишенина Е.Авторы анализируют результатов хирургического лечения 307 пациентов с сочетанными осложнениями ЯБДПК. Больных в зависимости от примененной диагностической и хирургической тактики условно разделили на 2 группы. Первую контрольную группу составили 168 (54,7%) пациентов, которым были выполнены традиционные варианты резекции желудка, вторую основную группу составили 139 (45,3%) пациентов которые были выполнены модифицированные варианты резекции желудка.Установлено, что усовершенствованные отдельные технические приемы операции и применение оптимальных способов лечения возникших осложнений позволяют снизить частоту ранних послеоперационных специфичных осложнений на 8,3% (с 15,5 до 7,2% р<0,01), частоту релапаротомии на 4,3 (с 6,5 до 2,2%) и летальных исходов – на 2,2% (с 2,9 до 0,7%, р<0,05), тем самым способствуя улучшению результатов хирургического лечения сочетанных осложнений дуоденальных язв в целом.Ключевые слова:язвенная болезнь желудка, резекция желудка, релапаратомия, модифицированные варианты.

Objective To evaluate agreement between trained veterinarians and a reference inspector when recording gross lesions of lungs, livers, and nasal turbinates of pigs. Design Prospective study. Sample Population 10 veterinarians in workshop 1 and 11 veterinarians in workshop 2. Procedure Analysis of data obtained from 2 workshops in which veterinarians evaluated fresh tissues (30 lungs and 30 livers) and 100 slides of nasal turbinates previously evaluated by the reference inspector. Veterinarians independently recorded observations of gross lesions. Agreement was evaluated by percentage agreement, kappa or weighted kappa, and sensitivity and specificity, where relevant. Results Agreement between veterinarians and the reference inspector was excellent for detecting consolidation of lung lobes typical of enzootic pneumonia (κ = 0.81 and 0.87 for workshops 1 and 2, respectively) and white spots on livers (κ = 0.76 and 0.78). Estimates of the extent of consolidation as a proportion of lung volume also agreed closely with reference values. Agreement was closer for veterinarians who had undergone repeated training and evaluation. Agreement was good for detecting nasal turbinate atrophy (weighted κ = 0.63 and 0.68) and was poorest for detecting lesions of pleuritis (κ = 0.39 and 0.44). Clinical Implications For most of the lesions evaluated, acceptable levels of agreement with reference scores were achieved after training of veterinarians to use standardized methods to record gross lesions. Standardization of veterinarians’ recordings of gross lesions should improve the reliability and usefulness of data collected by inspection of slaughtered pigs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:823–826)

Abstract. Product spectra of ground pressure variation and seismic oscillations have been calculated in the period sub-ranges of 42–90 min and 2.5–5 h, based on synchronous, co-located microbarograph and seismograph measurements at St. Petersburg (60° N, 30° E). The 200 records of 2–3.5 days in length and a combined duration of 525 days have been used. The product spectra have been computed for winter, spring, summer, and autumn, both individually and in combination. The spectra of different seasons are distinct from each other for both microbarograph and seismograph measurements; this can be caused by a seasonal variation in both frequency and amplitude of free oscillations of the atmosphere. There are pressure and seismic oscillations with close frequencies in the spectra for both, for each season and when all seasons are combined. At present, suggestions may only be made regarding the origin of most of these common oscillations. Once again, the penetration of the Earth’s free oscillation 0S2 with a period of about 54 min into the atmosphere has been confirmed. A common pressure and seismic oscillation with the 206 min period has been detected and has attracted considerable interest. The 159-min periodicity revealed in pressure variations may be associated with the well-known solar oscillation of the 160.01 min period.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; waves and tides)

Abstract We report morphological analyses of seven submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z ∼ 2 using the James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam images taken as part of the public CEERS and PRIMER surveys. Through two-dimensional surface brightness profile fitting we find evidence of compact reddened stellar structures in all the SMGs, in particular in the F444W filter, suggesting an ubiquitous presence of stellar bulges. The median size of these bulges at F444W with a bootstrapped uncertainty is found to be 0.7 ± 1.0 kpc (0.6–0.7–3.9 kpc for 14th–50th–86th percentiles) and the median Sérsic index is 0.7 ± 0.9 (0.4–0.7–2.8 for 14th–50th–86th percentiles). Structures akin to spiral arms and bars are also identified, and their asymmetric shapes, tidal features, as well as evidence of nearby galaxies at consistent redshifts as those of corresponding SMGs suggest that these SMGs are undergoing dynamical interactions, likely responsible for the triggering of their star-forming activity. Via a curve-of-growth analysis we deduce half-light radii for the NIRCam wave bands, finding that sizes are significantly smaller at longer wavelengths in all cases, in particular that the median size ratio between F444W and F150W is 0.6 ± 0.1. However, we also find that F444W sizes, roughly corresponding to rest-frame H band, are not smaller than those of submillimeter continuum as measured by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, contradicting certain recent predictions from theoretical models. Our results suggest that while stellar bulges are undergoing an active formation phase in SMGs at z ∼ 2, the total stellar masses of SMGs are still dominated by their disks, not bulges.

The wide petroleum distillate, which has the boiling range from initial boiling point to 823 k, were hydroteated in trickle – bed reactor using cobalt – molybdenum alumina as a Catalyst. The reaction range temperatures was 598 – 673 k, while LHSV was 0.7 – 2 hr-1. The pressure and H2/Oil for all experiments keep constant at 3Mpa and 300 L/L respectively. The result shows that the sulphur and metals content decreased with the increasing of temperature and decreasing in LHSV. Desulphurization kinetic was studied and found that the kinetic of sulphur removal is of first – order. Activation energy was calculated and this value is 28.225 KJ / mole.

Abstract We report the discovery of a super-Jovian 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR) pair around the G-type star TIC 279401253, whose dynamical architecture is a prospective benchmark for planet formation and orbital evolution analysis. The system was discovered thanks to a single-transit event recorded by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission, which pointed to a Jupiter-sized companion with poorly constrained orbital parameters. We began ground-based precise radial velocity (RV) monitoring with HARPS and FEROS within the Warm gIaNts with tEss survey to constrain the transiting body’s period, mass, and eccentricity. The RV measurements revealed not one but two massive planets with periods of 76.80 − 0.06 + 0.06 and 155.3 − 0.7 + 0.7 days, respectively. A combined analysis of transit and RV data yields an inner transiting planet with a mass of 6.14 − 0.42 + 0.39 M Jup and a radius of 1.00 − 0.04 + 0.04 R Jup, and an outer planet with a minimum mass of 8.02 − 0.18 + 0.18 M Jup, indicating a massive giant pair. A detailed dynamical analysis of the system reveals that the planets are locked in a strong first-order, eccentricity-type 2:1 MMR, which makes TIC 279401253 one of the rare examples of truly resonant architectures supporting disk-induced planet migration. The bright host star, V ≈ 11.9 mag, the relatively short orbital period (P b = 76.80 − 0.06 + 0.06 days), and pronounced eccentricity (e = 0.448 − 0.029 + 0.028 ) make the transiting planet a valuable target for atmospheric investigation with the James Webb Space Telescope and ground-based extremely large telescopes.

Background. Planning the organization of medical care for children diagnosed with cancer as well as assessing the quality of care is based on the statistical data analysis.The purpose of the study was to analyze the main parameters characterizing medical care for children with cancer in the central Federal district.Material and methods. The reports of the executive authorities in the sphere of health protection of 18 subjects of the Russian Federation included into the central Federal district were analyzed for 2017.Results. The number of children aged 0–17 years was 6 824 049, the number of pediatric oncology departments was 9, the number of hospital beds for children with cancer was 464, the number of bed-days per year was 319.3. the number of physicians providing pediatric cancer care was 91, of them 64 (70.3 %) had a certificate of a pediatric oncologist. in 11 subjects of the Russian Federation, there were no departments of pediatric oncology, and in 1of them, there were no hospital beds for children with cancer. the number of patients newly diagnosed with cancer was 821. the number of patients who died of cancer was 156, of them 66 were diagnosed with cancer in 2017. the cancer incidence rate was 12 per 100,000 children aged 017 years; the mortality rate was 2.3 per 100,000 children aged 017 years. the one-year mortality rate was 8 %. the mean time taken to establish the diagnosis and the time interval between diagnosis and initiation of treatment was unknown, since the reports did not contain precise information. twelve (1.5 %) patients left the territory of the Russian Federation for receiving treatment outside the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The information provided in most reports was not statistically reliable. the cancer incidence rates were significantly lower than those in countries with high statistical reliability. For reliable estimation of the number of inpatient beds for children with cancer and the percentage of children referred for the treatment to the federal medical centers, it is necessary to implement a unified database for pediatric oncology in the Russian Federation.

Abstract We report the first detection in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a C2H5O2N isomer: syn-glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH). The exquisite sensitivity at sub-mK levels of an ultradeep spectral survey carried out with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes toward the G+0.693–0.027 molecular cloud has allowed us to unambiguously identify multiple transitions of this species. We derived a column density of (7.4 ± 0.7) × 1012 cm−2, which implies a molecular abundance with respect to H2 of 5.5 × 10−11. The other C2H5O2N isomers, including the higher-energy anti conformer of glycolamide and two conformers of glycine, were not detected. The upper limit derived for the abundance of glycine indicates that this amino acid is surely less abundant than its isomer glycolamide in the ISM. The abundances of the C2H5O2N isomers cannot be explained in terms of thermodynamic equilibrium; thus, chemical kinetics need to be invoked. While the low abundance of glycine might not be surprising, based on the relative low abundances of acids in the ISM compared to other compounds (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, or amines), several chemical pathways can favor the formation of its isomer glycolamide. It can be formed through radical–radical reactions on the surface of dust grains. The abundances of these radicals can be significantly boosted in an environment affected by a strong ultraviolet field induced by cosmic rays, such as that expected in G+0.693–0.027. Therefore, as shown by several recent molecular detections toward this molecular cloud, it stands out as the best target to discover new species with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen with increasing chemical complexity.

En Medicina, el área de aplicación de Ginecología, la ciencia de la mujer condensa el estudio de las enfermedades frecuentes y graves, el diagnóstico, detección de los factores de riesgo y establecer mecanismos de prevención, prescribir los tratamientos médicos y quirúrgicos de las enfermedades del sis- tema reproductor femenino, entiéndase, todo lo relacionado con la vagina, las mamas, el útero y los ovarios. Durante el siglo XX, motivado por el crecimiento acelerado del conocimien- to científico y médico, se acrecienta la toma de conciencia del rol que le co- rresponde desempeñar a la medicina en el sector de la salud y la protección de la mujer embarazada. Los problemas del trato genital femenino cuando se asumen como responsabilidad de los ginecólogos, quienes incluyeron dentro del proceso de auscultación, diagnóstico y tratamiento aspectos fisiológicos y endocrinos. Las barreras de la formación académica se fueron difuminando y los ginecó- logos y obstetras comenzaron a estrechar su campo laboral y como resultante se constituyó la Ginecobstetricia. En el marco de estas reflexiones, surge la idea de la presentación de un tex- to titulado Ginecología – Obstetricia, mediante el cual se pretende hacer una contribución real a nivel teórico que permita apoyar a profesionales y estu- diantes en el área de salud humana, básicamente en algunas de las patologías o complicaciones médicas asociadas al embarazo, y tratadas por la especialidad obstétrica, así mismo, se abordan dos temas (1 y 2) de conocimiento general. Cabe indicar que el texto no pretende abordar la vasta información o literatura que sobre los temas se han tratado. El libro ha sido estructurado bajo el perfil de diez (10) temas que discurren estrictamente sobre contenidos específicos, a sa- ber: 1. El parto y sus fases, 2. Pruebas de Bienestar Fetal, 3. Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino, 4. Ruptura Prematura de Membranas, 5. Amenaza de aborto, 6. Desprendimiento de placenta, 7. Infecciones de vías urinarias en embarazadas, 8. Diabetes Gestacional, 9. Hipertension en las embarazadas y 10. Preeclamp- sia y eclampsia En el primer tema, el Parto y sus fases, se precisan diferentes nociones sobre 26 GINECOLOGIA - OBSTETRICIA el proceso y el resultado de parir (dar a luz). A lo largo de la historia ha evolu- cionado el conocimiento de este tema dando como resultado una terminología precisa sobre los diferentes tipos de parto: parto natural, parto normal, parto ins- trumental, parto pretérmino, parto humanizado, etc. Estas nociones obedecen a determinadas circunstancias específicas que lo circunscribe como el uso o no de instrumentos que ayuden al nacimiento de un feto. De manera general, el parto marca el final del embarazo y el nacimiento de la criatura que se engendraba en el útero de la madre. Este proceso por el que la mujer o la hembra de una especie vivípara expulsa el feto y la placenta al final de la gestación consta de tres fases: la fase de dilatación, la de expulsión y la placentaria o de alumbramiento. En el segundo tema titulado Pruebas de Bienestar Fetal, se destaca el desa- rrollo de diferentes pruebas para el control del bienestar fetal. Éstas constitu- yen las técnicas aplicadas a las madres que permiten predecir el posible riesgo fetal o hacer un pronóstico del estado actual del feto, es decir, que tratan de conseguir a través de una valoración del feto de forma sistemática, la identifi- cación de aquellos que están en peligro dentro del útero materno, para así to- mar las medidas apropiadas y prevenir un daño irreversible. Se abordan en este contexto las indicaciones y los métodos (clínicos, biofísicos y bioquímicos más utilizados para el control de bienestar fetal. En el tema tres (3) denominado Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino, el trabajo se centra, en el desarrollo de los siguientes ítems. La Definición de Parto Pretérmi- no, la Definición de amenaza de Parto Pretérmino, la Evaluación del riesgo, la etiología, la Clínica de la Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino, el Diagnóstico precoz de la Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino, la Evaluación de gestantes que acuden a emergencia por signos y síntomas de Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino y el trata- miento. El trabajo parte de la definición de Parto Pretérmino entendido como aquel que ocurre después de la semana 23 y antes de la semana 37 de gestación, para posteriormente, tratar lo relativo a la Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino (APP) definido como el proceso clínico sintomático (Aparición de dinámica uterina regular acompañado de modificaciones cervicales) que puede conducir a un parto pretérmino. Su etiología es compleja y multifactorial, en la que pueden intervenir de forma simultánea factores inflamatorios, isquémicos, inmunológi- cos, mecánicos y hormonales. 27 GINECOLOGIA - OBSTETRICIA Por otro parte, el tema cuatro (4) expone la Ruptura Prematura de Membra- nas, la cual constituye una complicación usual en la práctica obstétrica, esta puede aumentar la incidencia en la morbilidad y mortalidad materna – fetal. Múltiples estudios se están llevando a cabo para poder dilucidar completamente su fisiopatología, lo cual se hace cada vez más necesario para poder aplicar estos conceptos en la práctica clínica, la evidencia actual indica que la Ruptura Prematura de Membrana es un proceso que puede ser afectado por factores: bioquímicos, fisiológicos, patológicos y ambientales. El capítulo cinco (5) comprende la temática sobre la Amenaza de aborto. (AA) que es la complicación más común durante el embarazo, se define como el sangrado transvaginal antes de las 20 semanas de gestación (SDG) gestación o con un feto menor de 500g, con o sin contracciones uterinas, sin dilatación cervical y sin expulsión de productos de la concepción”. Es decir, se presenta hemorragia de origen intrauterino antes de la vigésima semana completa de ges- tación, con o sin contracciones uterinas, sin dilatación cervical y sin expulsión de los productos de la concepción. Los síntomas abarcan amenorrea secundaria, presencia de vitalidad fetal y cólica abdominales con o sin sangrado vaginal entre otros. Para el diagnóstico se puede hacer una ecografía abdominal o va- ginal, examen pélvico y de laboratorio. En un principio el tratamiento consiste en recomendar reposo en cama y reposo pélvico. La identificación de factores de riesgo, el Ultrasonido obstétrico y la medición de marcadores bioquímicos son de gran importancia para realizar un diagnóstico y establecer un pronóstico oportuno. Estos aspectos y otros relacionados con el tema como son: la clínica, el protocolo a seguir, el tratamiento y la prevención, son tratados en este capí- tulo. El tema Desprendimiento de placenta es desarrollado a lo largo del tema seis (6). Su contenido aborda los aspectos importes como los factores de riesgo, etiología, síntomas y signos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta complicación cuyo proceso se caracteriza por el desprendimiento total o parcial, antes del parto, de una placenta que esta insertada en su sitio normal. Este hecho que puede traer grandes consecuencias para el feto y para la madre, puede ocurrir en cualquier momento del embarazo. Los desprendimientos producidos antes de las 20 semanas, por su evolución, deberán ser tratados como abortos. Los que tienen lugar después de la semana 20 de gestación y antes del alumbramiento constituyen el cuadro conocido como desprendimiento prematuro de la placenta normalmente insertada. (abrptio plantae o accidente de Baudelocque). El pro- ceso ha tenido una variedad de denominaciones a lo largo del tiempo y son consecuencia de la diversidad de cuadros clínicos que pueden producirse, sien- do las más empleadas en la actualidad: abruptio placentae, ablatio placentae, desprendimiento prematuro de placenta normalmente inserta (DPPNI), junto con el término abreviado desprendimiento prematuro de placenta (DPP). Para hablar de otra importante complicación que aqueja a la gestante y su bebe por nacer se expone en el tema (7) relacionado con las Infecciones de vías urinarias en embarazadas. Los particulares cambios morfológicos y funcio- nales que se producen en el tracto urinario de la gestante hacen que la infec- ción del tracto urinario (ITU) sea la segunda patología médica más frecuente del embarazo, por detrás de la anemia. Las 3 entidades de mayor repercusión son: Bacteriuria asintomática (BA) (2-11%), cuya detección y tratamiento son fundamentales durante la gestación, pues se asocia a prematuridad, bajo peso y elevado riesgo de progresión a pielonefritis aguda (PA) y sepsis; la Cistitis aguda (CA) (1,5%) y la Pielonefritis aguda (1-2%), principal causa de ingreso no obstétrico en la gestante, que en el 10 al 20% de los casos supone alguna complicación grave que pone en riesgo la vida materna y la fetal. La Diabetes Gestacional se ubica y desarrolla en el tema ocho (8). Este tipo de diabetes que aparece o se diagnostica durante el embarazo ha aumentado su prevalencia y cobrado gran relevancia epidemiológica en los últimos años. La Diabetes Gestacional (DG) o Diabetes Mellitius Gestacional (DMG) se carac- teriza por una secreción de insulina insuficiente para compensar la resistencia a la hormona, propia del embarazo. Después del parto, los niveles de glucosa sanguínea suelen normalizarse; sin embargo, algunas mujeres desarrollan DM tipo 2 y se asocia con complicaciones graves en la madre y el hijo, incluso años después del nacimiento. La Hipertensión en las Embarazadas, tema tan tratado y controvertido en los últimos años por su significación a nivel de que es la complicación médica 29 GINECOLOGIA - OBSTETRICIA más frecuente de la gestación y ocurre según estudios comprobados en el 7% a 10% de los embarazos y constituye una causa importante de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal. De manera clásica, la HTA en el embarazo ha sido definida como el incremento, durante la gestación, de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) en 30 mmHg o más y/o la presión arterial diastólica (PAD) en 15 mmHg o más comparado con el promedio de valores previos a la 20va. semana de gestación. Cuando no se conocen valores previos, una lectura de 140/90 mmHg o mayor es considerada como anormal. El tema desarrollado abarca una visión general sobre algunos aspectos relativos a la definición y su clasificación, los factores predisponentes, sintomatología, diagnóstico, tratamiento, etc. Por último, el tema 10 aborda dos alteraciones íntimamente ligadas a la hi- pertensión arterial en el embarazo: la preeclampsia y la eclampsia. Éstas son en ocasiones tratadas como componentes de un mismo síndrome ya que la pree- clampsia es la hipertensión de reciente comienzo con proteinuria después de las 20 semanas de gestación y la eclampsia es la presencia de convulsiones genera- lizadas inexplicables en pacientes con preeclampsia.

Abstract 1. County mortality rates during the three-year period 1973-75, subdivided into a limited number of specific causes (or groups of causes), were taken from a previous nationwide study. 2. County mortality rates during the three-year period 1986-88, subdivided into many specific causes, were derived from our individual review and ICD-9 coding of 300,000 deaths. Our parallel survey of 800,000 urban deaths in 24 cities during 1986-88, conducted mainly for other purposes (Liu et al., 1998), is used in this monograph chiefly to compare rural and urban cause-specific mortality rates in mainland China. In the Annex, from page 803, cause-specific mortality rates by sex and 5-year age groups are given for urban China (24 cities), rural China (67 counties) and all China (weighted average, 0.3 urban + 0.7 rural).

Most healthcare professionals take up their career because they want to make people better. It is rare—but not unknown—to find nurses deliberately harming patients. It is not always possible to cure a patient’s condition, and readers may be surprised to hear the view of Lord Justice Stuart-Smith that our ‘only duty as a matter of law is not to make the victim’s condition worse’ (Capital and Counties plc v Hampshire CC (1997) 2 All ER 865 at 883). Despite our best intentions, healthcare professionals do sometimes make the patient’s condition worse. There are too many instances of harm caused to patients. Not only does the patient suffer harm, staff will be upset (some may even give up their careers) and large compensation claims may be made which deplete NHS resources. According to the NHS Litigation Authority, in 2010–11 it received 8655 claims of clinical negligence and 4346 claims of non-clinical negligence against NHS bodies, and paid £863 million in connection with clinical negligence claims (NHSLA Annual Report and Accounts, 2011). To put that into perspective, NHS Warwickshire had a budget of £827m for that year, so this amount would fund a mediumsized PCT. For all these reasons, therefore, our first concern must be to do no harm to our patient. If we can improve their condition, so much the better, but at the very least we must leave them no worse off for having put themselves in our care. Patient safety must be everyone’s concern. It is monitored by the NHS Commissioning Board Special Health Authority. Until June 2012 there was a separate agency, the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA), which produced a report in 2009 entitled Safety in doses: improving the use of medicines in the NHS . There were 811 746 reports to the NPSA in 2007, of which 86 085 were related to medication. The figures for July 2010– June 2011 show an increase to 1.27 million incidents, of which 133 727 were related to medication.

The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of grain productivity and adaptability indicators of various varieties of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil. We studied 8 varieties of lupine of domestic selection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, Novozybkovskaya SHOS; neighboring countries - Belarus and foreign selection (Germany), as well as the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS for 2016–2020. The adaptability of variety samples was comprehensively tested in terms of environmental stability and plasticity, using the criterion of "yield". Changes in meteorological conditions over the years of research made it possible to objectively assess the variation in the productivity of lupine by grain. For five years of testing, the grain yield varied from 6.4 c/ha Vladko (Belarus) to 11.8 c/ha, Novozybkovsky 100 (Novozybkovskaya SHOS). On average, changes in the productivity of varieties of VNII lupine from 9.7 to 11.3 c/ha, Novozybkovskaya SHOS – 10.7–11.8 c/ha, Belarusian breeding – 6.4–9.1 c/ha, foreign – 8.3–8.7 q/ha. Samples 5-10-84 (13.2 c/ha), 1-08-7-75 and 2-13-33 (12.7 c/ha) and 7-13-65 (12,5 q/ha). According to the set of indicators of adaptability, the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine Nadezhny and Bulat turned out to be the best among the varieties; Belarusian selection Kastrychnik; Novozybkovskoy SHOS – Druzhny 165 and Novozybkovsky 100. From the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS promising numbers 1-08-7-75, 5-10-84, 4-12-302, 2-13-33, which have genetic flexibility, adaptability and stability in conditions of sandy and sandy loamy soils of the South-West of the Bryansk region.

619 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI) were randomized to receive either a high-dose short-term intravenous infusion of streptokinase (1.5 MU over one hour) or placebo. In addition, using a “2x2x2 factorial” design, patients were also randomized to receive either oral aspirin (325 mg on alternate days for 28 days) or placebo, and separately randomized to receive either intravenous heparin (1,000 IU/hour for 48 hours) or no heparin. Streptokinase (SK) was associated with a non-significant decrease in hospital mortality (7.7% allocated SI< vs 9.2% allocated placebo) and increase in non-fatal reinfarction (3.6% vs 2.9%). There were significantly more minor adverse events after SK (e.g. hypotension, allergies, bruises or minor bleeds), but no excess of strokes or of anaphylactic shock.Aspirin was associated with fewer reinfarctions (2.9% allocated aspirin vs 3.9% allocated placebo; NS), deaths (6.1% vs 10.5%; 2P<0.04) and strokes (0.3% vs 2.0%; 2P<0.1).Heparin was associated with a decrease in reinfarction (1.9% allocated heparin vs 4.9% allocated no heparin; 2P<0.04), though not in mortality (8.3% vs 8.2%; NS), and with a trend towards more strokes (1.6% vs 0.7%; NS) and more bruising and bleeding (14% vs 11%; NS). To assess reliably the effects of SK and aspirin on major endpoints, several hundred hospitals are now collaborating in a large (about 20,000 patients planned) randomized trial (ISIS-2).

Hirudin (HIR), a polypeptide of 65 aminoacids, is the most potent natural inhibitor of coagulation by forming rapidly a very stable and specific non covalent 1:1 complex with α-thrombin, independent of antithrombin III. Although natural HIR has in vivo anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties, its limited availability for large scale purification has prevented further clinical testing and potential use; this can now be solved by recombinant DNA technology. We have previously reported the cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding one variant (called HV-2) of Hirudo medicinalis HIR (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1986, 83, 1084-1088). The main factors responsible for venous thrombosis are stasis and thrombin generation secondary to tissue factor liberation from vascular cells and monocytes by injury, endotoxin, interleukin-1 or cachectin and the subsequent activation and circulation of activated clotting factors. We have studied the antithrombotic properties of recombinant HIR, HV-2, in a rat experiemental model of venous thrombosis. HV-2 was expressed in yeast, extracted from culture supernatant and purified by HPLC. Pure HV-2 had an isoleucine NH2-terminus and a specific activity of 13000 ATU/mg.30 male Wistar rats (225-300g) were anesthetized with pentobarbital. At time t (0 min) an i.v. (penis) injection of 0.4 ml of saline or HV-2 (2000 to 8000 ATU/kg) was given, followed at t (5min) by 25 mg/kg tissue factor (Thromboplastin C, Dade) i.v. ; 10 s later stasis of the exposed vena cava between 2 sutures 0.7 cm apart and at t (15 min) removal, blotting, fixation and weighing of the thrombus. Linear regression analysis showed a correlation (r=0.99) between the dose of HV-2 and thrombus weight and a calculated IC50 = 3000 ATU/kg. Total inhibition of thrombus formation was seen after injection of 6000 ATU/kg HV-2 and lasted up to 15 min of circulation, HV-2 being completely eliminated from blood in 60 min and accumulated in the kidneys as shown by gamma imaging with 131I-HV-2. In conclusion, the recombinant HIR HV-2 is a potent immediate antithrombin which inhibits venous thrombosis induced by tissue factor and stasis.

We report the first visible-light (657 nm) operation of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in a photopumped intrinsic structure. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have recently attracted a great deal of interest because of their surface-normal operation, potential for extremely low-threshold currents, ease of fabrication of closely-spaced 1- and 2-dimensional arrays and integration with other devices such as transistors for photonic switching applications. To date operation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser has been limited to the range between 770 nm and 980 nm. We have extended this range into the visible where numerous applications exist including: ultrafast holographic memory, visible laser projection displays, and local area networks based on inexpensive, rugged plastic fibers. The structure was grown using low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy in a single growth sequence on 6° misorientated (100) GaAs substrates. The active region consists In0.54Ga0.46P strained quantum wells and In0.48(AlyGal-y)0.52P (y=0.7-1.0) graded barriers whereas the distributed Bragg reflectors are AlAs/Al0.5Ga0.5As. Room temperature optical-pump lasing was achieved with a very low threshold power (~ 1 kW/cm2 average power, ~ 4 ps pulses, 82 MHz), comparable to our best AlGaAs/GaAs VCSELs operating at 850 nm. This work effectively demonstrates the viability of visible-VCSEL technology, and opens the door for a broad range of new materials and device physics research and visible-light optoelectronic applications. The SNL research is supported by DOE contract No. DE-ACO4-76DP00789.

Purpose: Many high performance and especially top athletes are still at risk or suffer from total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to develop an objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue (e.g. heart rate variability – HRV as a modern ob-jective method). The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the HRV monitoring could be a complementary diagnostic tool for overreaching / overtraining in young athletes. Already introduced “classical” indicators of HRV, such as spectral performance and its density in the established frequency ranges, are a part of athlete monitoring in the scope of overreaching prevention We were monitoring the heart rate variability parameters at three different phases of the year-long training cycle and to find out whether in one of these phases we could find athletes showing symptoms of overreaching. Methods: 48 young athletes (33 boys 14.8 ± 1.5 years, 15 girls 14.9 ± 1.7 years) were involved in the study, consisting of 38 boys and 10 girls. There were 15 swimmers (with training volume 9x 1.5‒2 hours a week), 12 artistic gymnasts (with training volume 9x 2‒2.5 hours a week) and 21 badminton players (with training volume 4x weekly 1.5‒2 hours a week). Monitoring was carried out in athletes in three training periods: at the end of the transition period, at the end of the prepared period, at the end of the competition period. Measurements were carried out in the morning. The DiANS PF8 system was used to measure the heart rate variability, the measurements were performed at five-minute intervals: lying-standing-lying. Time and spectral parameters of HRV were monitored. Results: Results of HRV in three periods (HR + rMSSD in lying). Boys: HR (61 ± 8, 64 ± 7, 64 ± 8), rMSSD (85 ± 64; 80 ± 54; 88 ± 59), TS (-0.56 ± 1.53; -0.87 ± 1.4; -0.42 ± 1.44). Girls: HR (65 ± 8; 64 ± 7; 65 ± 8), rMSSD (74 ± 37; 79 ± 35; 83 ± 43), TS (-0.58 ± 1.57; -0.72 ± 1.35); -0.18 ± 0.18). Statistically significant differences (at the significance level = 0.05) among sports were found in Kruskal-Walls ANOVAby Ranks: boys in LF-standing, HF standing, FV, SVB and TS; girls in HF-lying, HF-standing, rMSSD, TP-lying, TP-standing, FV, VA and TS. Conclusion: Monitoring of heart rate variability seems to be a practical tool for prevention of overtraining even in young age. To monitor heart rate variability, we recommend monitoring these parameters: RR, rMSSD, VA, SVB, TS.

Abstract Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe (RTP) is one of the solutions considered using instead of metal pipe to avoid the corrosion problem. As RTP is a non-metallic pipe that is subjected to damage or deformation when get fire. A protective fireproof system is required to protect RTP from cellulosic fire for at least 2 hours. and pipe surface temperature not over 82 °C per RTP specification and should be reusable and has a long service life. From the performance test results, there are two materials of PFP (Passive Fire Projection) that passed the requirement. One is intumescent (Composite fiber glass fabric with external polyurethane "PU" coating 0.7 mm.) and the other one is rockwool insulation (Reflective heat guard 3 mm. + Rockwool insulation 50 mm. + Aluminium 1 mm.). The rising of the surface temperature of the Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe (RTP) is in the acceptable criteria. The RTP pipe appearance is still in good condition. For PFP appearance, the intumescent will be damaged after burning while rockwool insulation is not changed and is reusable. In terms of material cost, the price of intumescent including material cost and installation cost is lower by about 20%. Both options are interesting and shall be considered again for usage purposes. Replacement of metal pipe with spoolable pipe with PFP has advantages in terms of low maintenance cost and higher corrosion resistance. The Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe with PFP can be installed on existing pipe support with enough space for inspection. This solution can eliminate the weak point of RTP and allows the application of RTP without pull through carbon steel pipe. The PFP rockwool insulation is a good option to protect pipeline damage from unpredictable fire with low material and installation costs.

The US Army Single Fuel Forward policy mandates that deployed vehicles must be operable with aviation fuel JP-8. Therefore, an investigation into the influence of JP-8 on a diesel engine’s performance is currently in progress. The injection, combustion, and performance of JP-8, 20–50% by weight in diesel no.2 mixtures (J20-J50) produced at room temperature were investigated in a 77mm indirect injection, high compression ratio (23.5) diesel engine, in order to evaluate its effectiveness for application in Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) at 2000rpm continuous operation (100% load/BMEP 4.78 bar). Due to the viscosity requirements for proper injection the new fuel can contain as high as 100% JP-8 (J100). The blends had an ignition delay of 1.03ms regardless of the amount of JP-8 introduced. J50 and diesel no.2 exhibited similar characteristics of heat release, the premixed phase being combined with the diffusion combustion. The maximum combustion pressure remained relatively constant for all blends, 72.7bar for diesel and decreased slightly by 0.40bar for J50, with the peak pressure position being delayed by 0.5CAD for the J50. The instantaneous volume-averaged gas combustion temperature reached 2162K for diesel versus 2173K for J50; displaying a 1.2CAD delay in the position of the maximum temperature and retaining the higher temperature for a longer duration for J50. The heat flux in the engine cylinder exhibited comparable maximum values for all blends (diesel: 2.12MW/m2, J50: 2.14MW/m2). The cylinder heat losses were at a minimum during combustion before TDC with increased convection losses at TDC for all fuels and the beginning of the power stroke. The heat losses associated with the system increased slightly with the addition of JP-8. The BSFC for diesel no.2 was 242(g/kW/hr) and increasing by only 0.7% for J50. The engine’s mechanical efficiency displayed similar values for all blends, 83% and decreasing by only 1% for J50. Taking into account each fuels’ corresponding density, the engine’s overall efficiency remained relatively constant at 29% with the addition of the JP-8. The engine investigation demonstrated that up to 50% JP-8 by weight in diesel can be injected and burnt in a small diesel engine with a combustion duration of approximately 5ms, while maintaining the engine overall efficiency. The study validates JP-8 as an excellent source for power generation in a diesel APU based on its combustion characteristics. The next stage of research shall be the full emissions investigation.

Abstract NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) has had an ongoing research program in TPV since the late 1980’s. This effort has included both in-house research programs on critical components such as photovoltaic cells (PV) and emitter materials, as well as an active contracting effort directed toward system and component development. Of particular note is the in-house development of thin film selective emitters fabricated from rare-earth yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG). These emitters have demonstrated in-band emittances of &gt; 0.7 with low out of band emittances (∼0.2). Rare earth elements have a unique valency which allows them to behave as isolated atoms even when at solid state densities (i.e. produce line emission rather than grey body emission). Each element has a characteristic emission frequency (wavelength) and YAG selective emitters with emissions peaks ranging from 0.98μm to &gt; 2μm have been demonstrated. In addition, it has been demonstrated that two rare earth elements can be added to the same emitter for increased the power density. Also developed at LeRC is a Monolithically Interconnected Module (MIM) consisting of many small InGaAs cells series interconnected on a single InP substrate. An infrared reflector placed on the rear surface of the substrate returns unabsorbed photons to the emitter for recycling. The MIM design has many advantages such as: high output voltages and low currents, improved reliability, minimized losses associated with emitter non-uniformity (i.e. variation in view factor, temperature, etc.), high output power density, simplified system design and simplified thermal management. MIM devices with excellent photoresponses and IR reflectivity’s &gt; 82% have been demonstrated. The contracted efforts include a TPV system development by Tecogen, Inc., based on ytterbia fibrous selective emitters and silicon PV devices. Two (2) prototype TPV systems were constructed, each including recuperators, non-premixed combustor designs, dielectric interference filters and PERL silicon TPV PV cells. Emitters temperatures of 2000K were routinely achieved and both systems have logged many hours of testing. Also under contract development are solar powered TPV systems, InGaAsSb PV devices and plasma-sprayed selective emitters.

The aim of this research was to present workload of nurses in Poland.Anonymous survey research was conducted among 43 Polish nurses over 2 summer months (in 2023). To check the physical load in the subjective assessment of nurses, questions were asked regarding: thermal comfort and the severity of work performed (separated by the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and currently).The psychological workload of nurses was examined using selected questions from the third version of the COPSOQ, taking into account psychosocial working conditions. The examined factors included: demands at work, work organization and job content, interpersonal relations and leadership and work-life conflict. The research received approval from the Research Ethics Committee KEBN-23-82-MM.The results showed that currently 40% of respondents do not feel thermal comfort when working in standard clothing. In the case of using barrier clothing (e.g. against infectious agents), 53% of respondents currently work outside their comfort zones (compared to 100% during the COVID-19 pandemic).In terms of the severity of the work performed, 56% of respondents considered their work as hard and very hard, 37% as moderate and 7% defined it as light and very light. Therefore, 60% of respondents admitted that they often or very often feel physical strain due to their work, while 35% admitted that they sometimes feel such strain.All the results, regarding the physical and psychological load, presented the current workload situation of nurses in Poland (as the examined sample). The results obtained will allow us to direct the necessary changes in the work of nurses.This paper was created (and published) on the basis of results of a research task carried out within the scope of the 6th stage of the National Programme “Governmental Programme for Improvement of Safety and Working Conditions” funded by the resources of the National Centre for Research and Development. Task no. III.PN.08 entitled “Working time in personal protective equipment (PPE) in relation to the risk of infectious agents and the heat load on the body”. The Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute is the Programme’s main co-ordinator.

Abstract Reservoir properties prediction and sweet spots identification from seismic and well data is an essential process of hydrocarbon exploration and production. This study aims to develop a robust and reliable approach to predict reservoir properties such as acoustic impedance and porosity of a fluvio-deltaic depositional system from 3D seismic and well data using Machine Learning techniques and compare the results with conventional stochastic inversion. A comprehensive machine learning methodology has been applied to predict reservoir properties in both log-to-log and log-to-seismic domains. First, 1D predictive models were created using an Ensemble modelling process which consists of 4 models each from Random Forest, XGBoost and Neural Networks. This was used to predict missing logs for eight wells. Subsequently, a 3D time model with 2ms temporal thickness was built and a seismic stack volume, seismic attributes volumes (envelope, sweetness, RMS Amplitude etc.) and low frequency model were resampled to the model resolution. The conventional post-stack stochastic inversion process is executed in the model to generate acoustic impedance, which is subsequently utilized to compute porosity through the acoustic impedance versus porosity transform. 3D predictive models are then created by incorporating seismic attributes, low frequency model and the target acoustic impedance log (AI) to establish a relationship and predict the 3D acoustic impedance property within the model. Additionally, another regression function is generated, employing the predicted acoustic impedance versus porosity, to forecast the 3D porosity property. Machine Learning 1D predictive models enabled the prediction of partial or full missing logs such as gamma ray, density, compression sonic, neutron porosity, acoustic impedance (AI), and porosity (PHIE) to complete the full logs coverage on eight wells in the reservoir zones. XGBoost 1D models produced the best results for training with R^2 score of 0.93 and validation score of 0.87. The stochastic inversion approach enabled the generation of high-resolution acoustic impedance and porosity properties in the 3D model. 3D predictive models established a relationship of seismic attributes volumes with well logs (AI) at well locations and predicted the acoustic impedance property in the whole 3D volumes away from the wells. To assess the prediction accuracy, we employed a randomly-selected blind wells approach, and the optimal model achieved an 82% validation accuracy. Notably, Neural Networks exhibited superior performance in proximity to the well locations, with a decline in quality observed as we moved away from the wells. On the other hand, Random Forest and XGBoost consistently produced continuous results. The predictive properties of AI and porosity were combined to train an unsupervised Neural Network model for facies prediction. This process aided in identifying sweet spots associated with the optimal reservoir sand saturated with hydrocarbons. Machine learning prediction produced quick and satisfactory results that are comparable with conventional seismic inversion output but with minimum intervention of an interpreter and demonstrated the ability to handle large datasets. The applied approach allows the generation of multiple models using various seismic attributes to identify the best sand reservoir sweet spots for well placement and field developments projects. This approach can be used at an early stage of exploration where few wells are available. The output reservoir properties can be directly included in a 3D static model.