Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "801-900"

Phylogenic relationships among 31 cultivars of white sapote (Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex.) were examined by intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. Polymorphic fragments were obtained in 24 of 100 ISSR primers (UBC Set#9, 801–900). Although ‘Cuccio’ and ‘Florida’ showed identical fragment patterns, the remaining cultivars could be distinguished from each other. The present study demonstrated the usefulness of ISSR analysis for cultivar identification and phylogenic study in white sapote.

Background Although propofol is known to produce amnesia when used for anesthesia, mechanisms underlying its effects on memory are poorly understood. The current study was designed to examine the effects of propofol on forms of synaptic plasticity thought to contribute to memory processing. Methods Extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded from the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced using theta-burst stimulation (10 bursts of 4 pulses at 100 Hz, applied at 5 Hz) of the Schaffer-collateral pathway, while low-frequency stimulation (1 Hz x 900 pulses) was delivered to induce long-term depression. The authors also used higher-frequency stimulation (10 bursts of 4 pulses at 200 Hz, applied at 5 Hz) in the presence of MK-801 to examine the effects of propofol on an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-independent form of LTP. Results At 30 microM, propofol inhibited LTP induction produced by theta-burst stimulation but had less effect on LTP maintenance. Similarly, when LTP was induced by 200-Hz stimulation in the presence of MK-801, propofol also blocked LTP induction. Propofol did not block LTP induction in the presence of picrotoxin, a specific antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, suggesting that modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors participates in propofol-mediated LTP inhibition. Propofol did not inhibit long-term depression. Conclusions Propofol inhibits LTP induction through modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors but not via inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. However, other factors also possibly contribute to propofol-mediated LTP inhibition.

Objetivo: determinar si existe relación significativa entre phubbing e impulsividad en jóvenes con edades comprendidas 18 a 24 años del Instituto Privado en Juliaca, 2023. Metodología: corresponde a un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, de tipo correlacional descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Se encuestó a 240 jóvenes de ambos sexos utilizando el muestreo no probabilístico, sus edades oscilaron entre 18 a 24 años de edad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de Phubbing, este instrumento alcanza un índice de confianza de .900 y una validez por V=.98 de forma total. Al respecto de la escala de Impulsividad de Barratt (BIS-11) alcanzó un índice de confianza de 801 y una validez por V=.98 de manera total. Resultados: existe relación estadísticamente significativa (Rho=-,134*; p<,0.05) entre el phubbing e impulsividad. Conclusión: a un alto nivel de Phubbing en jóvenes estudiantes será también mayor en la impulsividad dicho esto puede generar problemas personales y familiar.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the change in the directions of spending within the framework of village funds over the years 2010–2021indicated by the residents of municipalities. Research method – A descriptive method with elements of analysis of reporting data from databases of the Ministry of Finance on expenditure of municipalities within the village funds was used in this paper. Results – On the basis of the research, directions of spending within the framework of the village funds in selected municipalities (sections 921, 926, 900, 600, 750, 754 and 801) were identified. The main ones were expenditures from sections 921 and 900, but there were significant fluctuations in their level and frequency of occurrence in individual municipalities in the long term. Large differences in the share of expenditures of individual departments in successive years may suggest that residents submitted for financing the projects that were most important to them at a given moment. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The analysis is the first attempt in the literature to assess changes in the directions of spending at the level of individual municipalities over such a long period. It indicates that the analysis of the direction of spending of the village funds should not refer to short periods of time, primarily due to the observed fluctuations in the level of these expenditures in different years. At the same time, it indicates the necessity of further detailed research on long-term changes in the direction of expenditures from these funds at the level of the villages (sołectwo) themselves.

Latar belakang : ASI eksklusif sangat bermanfaat bagi bayi, dampak yang dapat terjadi apabila bayi tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif adalah meningkatnya angka kesakitan dan kematian bayi. Pemberian ASI eksklusif 6 bulan merupakan investasi terbaik bagi kesehatan dan kecerdasan anak. Jantung pisang merupakan bagian dari tanaman pisang yang dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI. Dipilih karena harganya murah dan sangat mudah didapatkan. Tujuan: Mengetahui konsumsi jantung pisang terhadap rerata peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Murung Pudak. Metode: Menggunakan eksperimen semu dengan rancangan berbentuk pretest-posttest with control group design menggunakan dua jenis perlakuan. Kelompok konsumsi jantung pisang sebanyak 200 gr 2 kali sehari. Hasil Penelitian: Rerata produksi ASI sebelum perlakuan rentang 401-500 cc dengan nilai rerata 496,6667, rerata produksi ASI sesudah perlakuan rentang 801-900 cc dengan nilai rerata 816,6667, rerata produksi ASI pada kelompok kontrol rentang 401-500 cc dengan nilai rerata 453,333 pada ibu menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Murung Pudak. Kesimpulan : Konsumsi jantung pisang terbukti meeningkatkan produksi ASI pada kelompok perlakuan ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Murung Pudak.

ABSTRACT B lymphocytes converted into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) by an Epstein-Barr virus that expresses a conditional EBNA3C require complementation with EBNA3C for growth under nonpermissive conditions. Complementation with relatively large EBNA3C deletion mutants identified amino acids (aa) 1 to 506 (which includes the RBP-Jκ/CSL [RBP-Jκ] binding domain) and 733 to 909 to be essential for LCL growth, aa 728 to 732 and 910 to 992 to be important for full wild-type (wt) growth, and only aa 507 to 727 to be unimportant (S. Maruo, Y. Wu, T. Ito, T. Kanda, E. D. Kieff, and K. Takada, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:4419-4424, 2009). When mutants with smaller deletions were used, only aa 51 to 400 and 851 to 900 were essential for LCL growth; aa 447 to 544, 701 to 750, 801 to 850, and 901 to 992 were important for full wt growth; and aa 4 to 50, 401 to 450, 550 to 707, and 751 to 800 were unimportant. These data reduce the EBNA3C essential residues from 68% to 40% of the open reading frame. Point mutations confirmed RBP-Jκ binding to be essential for wt growth and indicated that SUMO and CtBP binding interactions were important only for full wt growth. EBNA3C aa 51 to 150, 249 to 311, and 851 to 900 were necessary for maintaining LCL growth, but not RBP-Jκ interaction, and likely mediate interactions with other key cell proteins. Moreover, all mutants null for LCL growth had fewer S+G2/M-phase cells at 14 days, consistent with EBNA3C interaction with RBP-Jκ as well as aa 51 to 150, 249 to 311, and 851 to 900 being required to suppress p16INK4A (S. Maruo, Y. Wu, S. Ishikawa, T. Kanda, D. Iwakiri, and K. Takada, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:19500-19505, 2006). We have confirmed that EBNA3C upregulates TCL1 and discovered that EBNA3C upregulates TCL1 through RBP-Jκ, indicating a central role for EBNA3C interaction with RBP-Jκ in mediating cell gene transcription.

Objectives: To find out the frequency uric acid levels in Pakistani general population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Hira Medical Centre Sukkur. Period: July 1 2018 to July 31, 2018. Materials and Methods: The survey for was conducted in various hospitals and clinics all over Pakistan. 900 numbers of questionnaires were distributed of which 801 numbers responded. Those who agreed to be part of this study were asked. Uric acid levels were assessed by using UASure Blood Uric Acid Monitoring System. Those with greater than 6 mg/dl were classified as hyperuricemia according to American college of Rheumatology. Descriptive analysis was performed with SPSS software version 23. Frequency of patients with hyperuricemia was calculated. Stratification with respect to gender and age was calculated via cross tabulation. Results: Out of 135 patients, 102 (75.5%) were male while 33 (25.5%) were female with mean ± SD age of 56.72 ± 12.24 years. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 33.33% (n=45). Mean Uric acid levels were 6.12 ± 1.68 mg/dl. 31.3% (n=32) male and 39.3% (n=13) females were hyperuricemic. Conclusion: Prevalence of Hyperuricemia in Sukkur is alarming and efforts should be made to aware patients about the consequences of.

The study zone includes one of the largest montane old-growth forests in Europe (Slatioara UNESCO site), and understanding the structure and functioning of sill intact forests in Europe is essential for grounding management strategies for secondary forests. For this reason, we set out to analyze the dependencies between aboveground biomass (AgB), tree species and size diversity and terrain morphology, as well as the relationship between biomass and diversity, since neither of these issues have been sufficiently explored. We found that tree species diversity decreases with increased solar radiation and elevation. Tree size heterogeneity reaches its highest mean values at elevations between 1001 and 1100 m, on slopes between 50 and 60 degrees. AgB is differentiated with elevation; the highest mean AgB (293 tonnes per hectare) is recorded at elevations between 801 and 900 m, while it decreases to 79 tonnes per hectare at more than 1500 m a.s.l. It is also influenced by tree species diversity and tree size heterogeneity, with the highest AgB reached in the most complex forest ecosystems in terms of structural diversity. We showed that intact temperate montane forests develop maximum biomass for optimum species diversity and highest size heterogeneity; all three are modulated mainly by elevation.

Se indagó si los isópodos Ceratothoa spp. Dana 1853, que habitan en la cavidad bucal y cámara branquial del jurel Trachurus symmetricus murphyi (Nichols, 1920), podrían servir como indicadores poblacionaies de su hospedador. Para esto, entre enero y octubre de 1990 se obtuvo 801 ejemplares de Ceratothoa spp. de 900 jureles recolectados mensualmente en las zonas de pesca de Iquique y Talcahuano. Además, entre julio y octubre del mismo año se obtuvo 793 ejemplares de Ceratothoa spp. de 289 jureles recolectados en las zonas de pesca de Caldera y Coquimbo. Se encontraron dos especies, Ceratothoa gaudichaudii (Milne-Edwards, 1840) y Ceratothoa trigonocephala (Leach, 1818) en similares proporciones en todas las localidades. Para cada especie se comparó, entre zonas de pesca, la composición de tallas corporales, la proporción de hembras con crías en distintos estados de desarrollo, la relación entre la fecundidad y la talla, y la relación entre el tamaño corporal del hospedador y de los parásitos. C. trigonocephala presentó un tamaño corporal y fecundidad mayores que C. gaudichaudii. No hubo relación significativa entre el tamaño del hospedador y de los parásitos. Las comparaciones de las variables estimadas mostraron diferencias significativas en ambas especies, al menos para las localidades extremas. Se discute la medida en la cual estos resultados sugieren la existencia de diferenciación poblacional del jurel en las áreas norte y centro-sur de Chile.

Abstract The ability of an individual to cope with stressors in their environment is going to be paramount in the face of climate change. Rangeland livestock experience harsh conditions including heat and/or cold stress, water and feed restrictions and risk of predation. In extensive management systems, the ability to capture the capacity to cope with stressors of an individual in its environment is encumbered by remote locations with difficult terrain and no access to power or the internet. GPS collars can provide insights into individual land-use behavior, e.g., their impact on the environment or ability to cope with stressors, and social interactions, e.g., mothering ability. GPS collars (n = 112) developed at the University of Idaho were deployed on 57 ewes and 55 lambs (45 ewe-lamb pairs) in an extensive rangeland environment at the Great Basin Research and Extension Center in Eureka, NV. The collars recorded location data every 10 minutes from July 27th to August 18, 2022. Coordinate fixes were successfully recorded 67.11 ± 27.12% of the time and resulted in a kept record occurring every 60 ± 202 minutes. Of the ewe-lamb pair devices, 43 pairs contributed 801 ± 703 paired records (i.e., records that occurred within 5 minutes of each other). GPS coordinate locations, and their respective capture times, allow for the analysis of distance traveled, water usage, dispersion, and ewe-lamb distance. Distance traveled was analyzed on a daily basis with a weighted median distance imputed for all travel times that lasted more than 900 seconds. Dispersion was defined as the distance of an individual from the centroid of the flock in meters, and was transformed to a Z-score based on the position of individuals with GPS coordinates captured within 10 minutes of the measurement of the individual. Ewe-lamb pair distances were cube root transformed. Twin status, dam line, age, and day were fitted as fixed classes to estimate the repeatability of records for mature ewes. Repeatability estimates of daily distance traveled, daily water usage, and daily dispersion were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.30 ± 0.06 and 0.10 ± 0.03, respectively. Daily ewe-lamb distances had a repeatability estimate of 0.45 ± 0.08. Day of recording was significant for daily distance traveled (P-value = 2.72×10-4) and water usage (P-value = 1.06×10-3). No other effects were significant in any of the models. In conclusion, PLF tools are an enabling technology that allow for passive data capture in remote locations. Our findings suggest that GPS collars can elucidate a variety of land use and social behavior traits that could serve as meaningful criteria for selection in extensive livestock production settings. Selection on these indicators of resilience may increase livestock productivity and welfare by increasing heat stress tolerance via the analysis of novel behavioral traits seen on extensive rangelands.

ASPECTOS ESPACIAIS DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO COM O FOCO NO DIMENSIONAMENTO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO JEFFERSON VIEIRA JOSÉ1; LUCAS DA COSTA SANTOS2; DANIEL SOARES ALVES3; PABLO RICARDO NITSCHE4; MARCOS VINICIUS FOLEGATTI5 E WAGNER WOLFF6 1Centro multidisciplinar, UFAC, Campus Floresta, Rua Estrada da Canela Fina, KM 12 Gleba Formoso - São Francisco, CEP: 69895-000, Cruzeiro do Sul – AC, Brasil, e-email: jfvieira@hotmail.com.br 2Departamento de Agronomia, UFVJM, Campus JK - Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº5000 - Bairro Alto da Jacuba, CEP: 39100-000 – Diamantina – MG, Brasil, e-email: lucas.santos@ufvjm.edu.br 3Departamento de Agrometeorologia. Instituição: Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR. Endereço: Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km375, Bairro Ernani Moura Lima II, CEP: 86047-90, Londrina - PR, Brasil, e-mail: danielsoares@iapar.br 4Departamento de Agrometeorologia. Instituição: Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR. Endereço: Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km375, Bairro Ernani Moura Lima II, CEP: 86047-90, Londrina - PR, Brasil, e-mail: pablo@iapar.br 5Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, USP, ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Bairro Agronomia, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil, e-mail: mvfolega@usp.br 6Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, USP, ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Bairro: Agronomia, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil, e-mail: wwolf@usp.br 1 RESUMO Aspectos espaciais do consumo hídrico das culturas, com o foco no dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação, é imprescindível para a racionalização do uso da água. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a distribuição de frequência da evapotranspiração de referência acumulada (EToac) no estado do Paraná por meio da espacialização dos parâmetros da distribuição de probabilidade, visando o dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação. Dados diários de elementos meteorológicos (temperatura máxima, mínima e média; umidade relativa média; radiação solar global; insolação; velocidade do vento), entre os anos de 1980 a 2010, de 33 estações meteorológicas no estado do Paraná, foram utilizados na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) pelo método de Penman-Monteith. A ETo foi acumulada em períodos consecutivos de 5, 10, 20 e 30 dias e os seus valores máximos anuais foram avaliados e ajustados a nove distribuições de probabilidade (Log-normal, Weibull, Gamma, Cauchy, Normal, Logística, Birnbaum-Saunders, Gumbel e Gumbel-II). A distribuição de probabilidade de Gumbel II, verificada pelo Critério de Informação de Akaike, foi escolhida na geração de valores de EToac, nos diferentes níveis de probabilidade, por meio de mapas da distribuição dos parâmetros a e b para representar o estado do Paraná. Keywords: Eventos extremos; geoestatística; Penman-Monteith; Paraná JOSÉ, J. J.; SANTOS, L. C.; ALVES, S. S.; NITSCHE, P. R.; FOLEGATTI, M. V.; WOLFF, W. SPATIAL ASPECTS OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WITH FOCUS ON THE DESIGN OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 2 ABSTRACT Spatial aspects of crop water consumption with focus on the design of irrigation systems is essential for rationalization of water use. This work aimed to analyze the frequency distribution of cumulative reference evapotranspiration (EToac) in the State of Paraná by means of spatialization of parameters of the probability distribution, aiming at the design of irrigation systems. Daily data of meteorological elements (maximum, minimum and average temperature, mean relative humidity, global solar radiation, insolation and wind speed) between the years of 1980 and 2010 of 33 meteorological stations in the State of Paraná were used to estimate evapotranspiration of (ETo) by the Penman-Monteith method. The ETo was accumulated in consecutive periods of 5, 10, 20 and 30 days and its annual maximum values were evaluated and adjusted to nine probability distributions (Log-normal, Weibull, Gamma, Cauchy, Normal, Logistics, Birnbaum-Saunders, Gumbel and Gumbel-II), the probability distribution of Gumbel II, verified by the Akaike Information Criterion, was chosen in the generation of EToac values, at the different levels of probability, by means of maps of distribution of the parameters a and b to represent the State of Paraná. Keywords: Extreme events, Gumbel, Geostatistics, Penman-Monteith, Parana

Abstract. We present multi-period modulation of energetic electron flux observed by the BeiDa Imaging Electron Spectrometer (BD-IES) on board a Chinese navigation satellite on 13 October 2015. Electron flux oscillations were observed at a dominant period of ∼190 s in consecutive energy channels from ∼50 to ∼200 keV. Interestingly, flux modulations at a secondary period of ∼400 s were also unambiguously observed. The oscillating signals at different energy channels were observed in sequence, with a time delay of up to ∼900 s. This time delay far exceeds the oscillating periods, by which we speculate that the modulations were caused by localized ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves. To verify the wave–particle interaction scenario, we revisit the classic drift-resonance theory. We adopt the calculation method therein to derive the electron energy change in a multi-period ULF wave field. Then, based on the modeled energy change, we construct the flux variations to be observed by a virtual spacecraft. The predicted particle signatures well agree with the BD-IES observations. We demonstrate that the particle energy change might be underestimated in the conventional theories, as the Betatron acceleration induced by the curl of the wave electric field was often omitted. In addition, we show that azimuthally localized waves would notably extend the energy width of the resonance peak, whereas the drift-resonance interaction is only efficient for particles at the resonant energy in the original theory.

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) enable the users to directly communicate with machines based on various desired purposes through brain signals without moving any body parts. Thus, they have become very useful for prostheses, electric wheelchairs, virtual keyboards, and other studies like survey applications and emotion classifications. In this study, EEG signal processing was performed on the BCI Competition III-3a dataset, which contains motor imagery (MI) signals with four classes. Features of the non-stationary EEG signals belonging to three subjects were extracted using Power Spectral Density (PSD) with welch method, Wavelet Decomposition (WD), Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). From extracted 900 features, feature space dimension reduction was realized using Autoencoder, an unsupervised learning algorithm. The average accuracy obtained with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is 74.5% for all binary classifications, which is generally a good result because of the non-stationary nature of EEG signals. 801 features yielded the best classification performance, obtained using an autoencoder with 400 hidden layer neurons.

En este estudio se caracterizaron las condiciones ecológicas en las que se presentaron 77 especies de gastrópodos terrestres en la región oriental de San Luis Potosí, existiendo más especies de moluscos en bosque de encino (44 especies), hojarasca y humus (66), suelos húmedos todo el año (53), precipitaciones de 3000-3500 mm anuales (41) y altitudes de 801-900 m (43). Thysanophora hornii es la de mas amplia distribución en función de los tipos de vegetación, condiciones de humedad, precipitación, tipos de suelo y rango de altitud. Los valores más grandes de diversidad y equitatividad se observaron en el bosque mesófilo de montaña (0.6895) y bosque de encino (0.3512). El mayor valor de dominancia (0.9958) y amplitud ecológica del hábitat (0.3471) se presentó en el matorral xerófilo. Las comunidades de gastrópodos terrestres se encontraron subordinadas ecológicamente a las del bosque tropical caducifolio – subcaducifolio, y a su vez ésta se halla subordinada a la del bosque de encino. El valor de similitud cualitativa más alto se observó entre el bosque tropical caducifolio-subcaducifolio y pastizal-cultivos (0.7462). Entre el bosque espinoso y pastizalcultivos se obtuvo el mayor valor de similitud cuantitativa (0.3646).

En el Ecuador, el gobierno desde el año 2010 asumió el control de admisión de los estudiantes a la Educación Superior, estableciendo nuevos métodos de ingreso a las universidades públicas del país, el mecanismo más significativo y de mayor debate e impacto fue la introducción del Examen Nacional para la Educación Superior (ENES) que se tomó por primera vez en 2011 y que modificó drásticamente el mecanismo de ingreso a la educación de tercer nivel en Ecuador y provocó multiples efectos que han sido poco estudidos; por lo que, con la presente investigación pretendemos contribuir a conocer este fenómeno mediante el analisis algunos de los problemas presentados a los estudiantes de la carrera de Agronomía de la Facultad de Recursos Naturales de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH) de la ciudad de Riobamba, provincia Chimborazo. Para realizar el presente trabajo se aplicaron encuestas a los estudiantes que se encontraban matriculados en el primer semestre de la carrera de Agronomía para el período académico octubre de 2016 y marzo de 2017, considerando aspectos como la auto-identificación étnica, sexo, edad, provincia y cantón en la que se encuentra el colegio en el que se graduó como bachiller, el número de postulaciones que realizó para lograr un cupo en la carrera deseada por los estudiantes de acuerdo a los cupos ofertados en el Sistema Nacional de Nivelación y Admisión. También se consideran aspectos como el egreso económico que las familias tuvieron que realizar para preparar a sus hijos para obtener mejores puntajes y los gastos que están realizando para que ellos estudien en la ESPOCH en la ciudad de Riobamba. Entre los resultados mas significativos obtenidos tenemos que el el 50.4% mujeres y 49.6% hombres; el 83% de los estudiantes matriculados en el primer semestre de la carrera de Agronomía se autoidentificó como mestizo, el 15% como indígena y un 2% como afroecuatoriano; el 78% se graduó en colegios fiscales, el 13% en colegios particulares y el 9% en fiscomisionales. El 67.37% proviene de la provincia de Chimborazo y el 51.6% es de Riobamba. Para ingresar a la carrera el 55,8% realizó una postulación, 2 el 33,7%; 3 ocasiones el 7,4%; y, mas de 4 oportunidades el 2,1%. En cuanto al puntaje en la primera postulación los resultados fueron el 62,92% entre 701 y 800 puntos; el 26,97% entre 601 y 700 puntos; el 6,74% de 801 a 900 puntos. El 51% se inscribió en cursos prepratorios para realizar el examen; y el 73.91% dijo que le fue útil, pero solo el 6.74% alcanzo notas entre 801 y 900 puntos en la primera postulación puntajes que solo al 47% de los estudiantes les permitió lograr un cupo para la carrera que ellos deseaban. El 46% se vio en la necesidad de cambian su lugar de residencia para realizar sus estudios, de ellos el 64% lo hizo desde otra provincia, lo que implica que debe realizar gastos para su estadía. Este es un trabajo pionero, que parte desde el punto de vista de los estudiantes y presenta las primeras evidencias empíricas y nos da pistas para tratar de comprender lo que está sucediendo con la aplicación del ENES, tanto en los efectos como en las consecuencias que está teniendo la implementación del sistema de ingreso a las universidades ecuatorianas que tiene a esta prueba como su eje angular, también proporciona datos para dilucidar algunos mitos que se han construido alrededor de este instrumento, que a su vez pueden servir para la realización de nuevas investigaciones. In Ecuador, the government since 2010 assumed control of admission of students to Higher Education, establishing new methods of admission to public universities in the country, the most significant mechanism and the most debate and impact was the introduction of the Exam National for Higher Education (ENES) which was taken for the first time in 2011 and drastically modified the mechanism of entry to third level education in Ecuador and caused multiple effects that have been little studied; so, with this research we intend to contribute to know this phenomenon by analyzing some of the problems presented to the students of the career of Agronomy of the Faculty of Natural Resources of the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (ESPOCH) of the city of Riobamba, Chimborazo province.To carry out this work, surveys were applied to students who were enrolled in the first semester of the Agronomy career for the academic period October 2016 and March 2017, considering aspects such as ethnic self-identification, sex, age, province and the canton in which the college where he graduated as a bachelor is located, the number of applications he made to achieve a quota in the career desired by the students according to the quotas offered in the National Leveling and Admission System. They also consider aspects such as the economic income that families had to make to prepare their children to obtain better scores and the expenses, they are making so that they study at the ESPOCH in the city of Riobamba. Among the most significant results obtained we have that 50.4% women and 49.6% men; 83% of students enrolled in the first semester of Agronomy self-identified as mestizo, 15% as indigenous and 2% as Afro-Ecuadorian; 78% graduated in tax colleges, 13% in private schools and 9% in fiscomisionales. 67.37% comes from the province of Chimborazo and 51.6% comes from Riobamba. To enter the race, 55.8% made a nomination, 2 33.7%; 3 occasions 7.4%; and, more than 4 opportunities 2.1%. As for the score in the first application, the results were 62.92% between 701 and 800 points; 26.97% between 601 and 700 points; 6.74% from 801 to 900 points. 51% enrolled in prep courses to take the exam; and 73.91% said that it was useful, but only 6.74% reached scores between 801 and 900 points in the first postulation scores that only 47% of the students allowed them to achieve a quota for the career they wanted. 46% saw the need to change their place of residence to carry out their studies, of which 64% did so from another province, which implies that they must make expenses for their stay. This is a pioneering work, which starts from the point of view of the students and presents the first empirical evidence and gives us clues to try to understand what is happening with the application of the ENES, both in the effects and in the consequences that are having the implementation of the entrance system to the Ecuadorian universities that has this test as its cornerstone, it also provides data to elucidate some myths that have been built around this instrument, which in turn can be used to carry out new research. Palabras Claves: Examen Nacional de Educación Superior, educación superior, gratuidad, asignación de cupos, postulaciones. Keywords: National Examination of Higher Education, higher education, gratuity, quota allocation, applications.

The study on socio-economic status and constraints of the fishermen engaged in Sundarbans fishing revealed that the age group of the fishermen varied between <12 to 60 years of which 31-40 year group was dominant (26.91%), Most were scheduled Muslim (73.07%) and scheduled Hindus (23.08%) where higher caste was totally absent. Main occupation was fishing by bom (88.46%) with 11-20 years of experience. Among them 61.54% were illiterate, 30.77% were primary educated. Most of the fishermen were married (75.00%), leading joint family status with large family members (5-6). Most of the fishermen had own Dingi type hand operated wooden boat, the size varied from 10.6-11.6 m. They also had nylon made, own set bag net. A section of them had no boats and nets. They caught fish 261-280 days/year (71.15%) and spent an average of 8 hours/day (65.08%). The average general catch during pick season was 111-130 kg/month provided the income of 801-900 Tk./month, but during off season the income decreased to 401-500 Tk./month. During off-season they were found to be engaged in net making, mending, repairing, boat making and repairing, daily labour, fish sale, crab and fry collection etc. Most of the poor fishermen had grown the habit of taking loan or borrowing: most often (59.62%), some often (21.15%), a bit regular (11.54%) and never (7.69%). The resourceful poor fishermen suffered from various problems like unavailability of fund, piracy and extortion, licensing complication, ownership right of boat and net, lack of organized market, ice, electricity and mechanization. They also suffered very often physically by intoxication, stomach disease and so.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by limited exercise activity, enhanced immune activation, and increased morbidity and mortality. Although quality of life and physical activity assessed by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ functional and overall) have been used for the clinical evaluation of CHF patients, the prognostic value as well as the relationship of this questionnaire with neurohormonal/immune activation remain uknown. Methods: One hundred thirty seven consecutive stable CHF patients (aged 64 ± 12 yrs, mean NYHA class: 2.9 ± 0.6, mean left ventricular ejection fraction: 26±7% ) were evaluated by the above questionnaire, Zung 20-item self rating and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scales, Duke physical activity score, plasma BNP, plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a) and 6-min walking test. Patients were monitored for a 8-month follow-up period for disease progression defined as death and/or hospitalization. Results: The mean KCCQ functional and overall scores were 44±20% and 33±19%, respectively. Patients (n=41) with KCCQ overall score <50% had significantly higher Zung (46±10 vs 34±9, p<0.01) and BDI (18±10 vs 8±6, p<0.01) scales, plasma BNP (900±801 vs 543±374 pg/ml, p<0.05) and plasma IL-6 (12.7±7 pg/ml vs 8.5±6.4 pg/ml, p<0.05) as well as lower DUKE score (15±10 vs 28±13, p<0.01), 6-min walking distance (259±200 vs 363±113 m, p<0.001) and plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (6.1±3.2 pg/ml vs 9.4±5.4 pg/ml, p <0.05) as compared to those (n=96) with score >50%. KCCQ overall score was significantly corellated with plasma BNP levels (r=-0.42, p<0.01), 6-min walking distance (r=0.47, p<0.01) and BDI scale (r=-0.61, p<0.001). Finally, patients with KCCQ overall score >50% had longer event-free survival (182±13 vs 122±15 days, p<0.05) than those with score <50%. Conclusion: KCCQ is a valuable tool for the evaluation of severity of clinical and emotional symptoms of CHF patients, closely related with their neurohormonal/immune activation and seems to have important prognostic value in CHF.

<p class="ADMETabstracttext">Furosemide is a diuretic drug widely used in chronic renal failure. The drug has low solubility and permeability, which cause clinical problems. Studying the in vitro release performance elucidates the rate and extent of drug dissolved from dosage forms under different conditions. Furosemide reference tablets were tested using USP Apparatuses 1 and 2 as well as the flow-through cell method (USP Apparatus 4), a dissolution apparatus that simulates the human gastrointestinal tract better than the other methods. Dissolution profiles were created with USP Apparatuses 1 and 2 at 25, 50, and 75 rpm and 900 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer (pH 4.5), and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). USP Apparatus 4 with a laminar flow of 16 mL/min and 22.6 mm cells was used. Drug dissolution was quantified at 274 nm for 60 min. Mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency, time to 50 % dissolution, and time to 80 % dissolution data were used to compare dissolution profiles. Additionally, zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Makoid-Banakar, and Weibull models were used to adjust furosemide dissolution data. Between USP Apparatus 1 and 2, significant differences were observed in almost all parameters at 50 and 75 rpm (p &lt; 0.05). A similar dissolution profile (f₂ &gt; 50) with a pharmacopoeial dissolution method (USP Apparatus 2 at 50 rpm and 900 mL of phosphate buffer pH 5.8) and USP Apparatus 4 (laminar flow of 16 mL/min, 22.6 mm cells, and pH 6.8) was observed. The Weibull function was the best mathematical model to describe the in vitro release performance of furosemide in the three USP dissolution apparatuses. These results could be used to manufacture better furosemide dosage forms and decrease the negative clinical impact of current furosemide formulations.</p>

Abstract Background and Aims Vascular Access (VA) is the lifeline of hemodialysis patient. The universal goal of access monitoring is to identify access stenosis and enable intervention prior to thrombosis; thereby, maximizing access longevity and minimizing morbidity. The advent and use of techniques including dynamic and static venous pressure monitoring, physical examination, access flow measurement, imagining and combined imaging and flow monitoring by duplex ultrasound demonstrate that it is possible to predict which accesses are at high risk for future thrombosis. Currently arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVF) have been recognized as the permanent access. This study takes advantage of the opportunity to utilize data from 19 associated Dialysis Clinics to examine trends in VA use, trends in patient characteristics and practice associated with VA. Determine the status quo of the overall information related to the VA to start a five years follow up study with the aims to reduce VA complications 8stenosis and thrombosis) and related hospitalization days to improve patient’s quality of life. Method VA data were collected for each patient at study entry. Practice pattern data from the facility medical director, nurse manager and VA surgeon were also analyzed. We have developed a mask on the management database to implement the first level monitoring of access and collected data at each treatment (Fig.1) Results Average age of 801 patients enrolled was 73,5 years. Native AVF was used by 79%, AVG by 2% and CVC by 19%. As the age increase as well as he use of CVC move from 6% (15-39(years) to 50,5% in patients with more than 85 years. Most frequent complications were: Thrombosis 16,5 %, Infectios 5,5%. Related VA hospitalization days are 28,7 % of total days. Average dialysis goals achieved were: QB 290 ml/Min; blood processed 69,7 L; KT/V:1,35. Conclusion By interpreting collecting data for specific performance measures using accurate reports allow health care professionals to highlight the VA performance/inefficiences and provide correct information to the clinical staff to support them in their daily clinical practice and decision making.