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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "615.107 24"
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Pilanc-Kudlek, Paulina, Katarzyna Poleszak, Aleksandra Ellert-Miklaszewska, Adria-Jaume Roura Canalda, Salwador Cyranowski, Julian Swatler, Bartłomiej Gielniewski y Bożena Kamińska. "615 Reactivating antitumor immunity in gliomas with osteopontin/integrin blocking peptide". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (noviembre de 2021): A645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.615.
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BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite improvements in imaging, surgical techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with GBM remains poor with a median overall survival of 15 months [1,2]. GBM is immunologically a ”cold” tumor with low infiltration of functional T and NK cells, which imposes poor responsiveness of GBM patients to immunotherapies. The immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM is created by the malignant cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), such as resident brain microglia and recruited peripheral myeloid cells [3]. Osteopontin/Spp1 is one of glioma-derived factors that is responsible for the protumorigenic reprogramming of TAMs [4]. SPP1 expression is highly elevated in tumor tissues and sera from GBM patients, and inversely correlates with patient survival [5]. Cross-talk between malignant cells and TAMs relays on osteopontin binding to integrin receptors (mainly αvβ3 and αvβ5) via its RGD motif [6]. Thus, with the use of a RGD peptide (our in-house designed competitor of binding to integrins) we interfered with glioma-microglia interaction in vitro and evaluated the in vivo antitumor efficacy of integrin blockade as a monotherapy and in combination with an immune check-point inhibitor.MethodsThe efficacy of the RGD peptide to block microglia-dependent glioma invasion was determined in a Matrigel invasion assay. Antitumor activity of the peptide was assessed in a murine syngeneic orthotopic GL261 glioma model. RGD peptide was administrated intratumorally via osmotic pomps. For combination therapy, the animals received anti-PD-1 or isotype IgG antibody (4 inj. x 10 mg/kg i.p.). Tumor volume was measured using MRI. Heterogeneity of the immune cells compartment of glioma microenvironment was analysed by flow cytometry. The transcriptomes of CD11b+ cells immunosorted from tumor-bearing mouse brains were evaluated using RNAseq. Cytokine levels in the blood and the brain homogenates were measured using Luminex bead-based assays.ResultsThe microglia-stimulated invasion of GL261 glioma cells was reduced significantly in the presence of the RGD peptide in the in vitro co-culture system. The RGD peptide administrated to tumor-bearing mice induced proinflammatory reprogramming of TAMs. Combination of the RGD peptide with anti-PD-1 therapy increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the percentage of effector CD8+(CD44+CD62L-) cells in the tumors.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that blockade of osteopontin/integrin signaling using the RGD peptide can mitigate the immunosuppressive microenvironment, reactivate the antitumor immunity and lay ground for improved response to immunotherapy in GBM.ReferencesJemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A, Feuer EJ, Thun MJ: Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 2005, 55(1):10–30.Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K et al: Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC- NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol 2009, 10(5):459–466.Woroniecka KI, Rhodin KE, Chongsathidkiet P, Keith KA, Fecci PE: T-cell Dysfunction in Glioblastoma: Applying a New Framework. Clin Cancer Res 2018, 24(16):3792–3802Denhardt, D.T., M. Noda, A.W. O’Regan, D. Pavlin, and J.S. Berman. 2001. Osteopontin as a means to cope with environmental insults: regulation of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and cell survival. J Clin Invest 107:1055–1061.Grassinger, J., D.N. Haylock, M.J. Storan, G.O. Haines, B. Williams, G.A. Whitty, et al. 2009. Thrombin-cleaved osteopontin regulates hemopoietic stem and progenitor cell functions through interactions with alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1 integrins. Blood 114:49–59.Anborgh, P.H., J.C. Mutrie, A.B. Tuck, and A.F. Chambers. 2010. Role of the metastasis-promoting protein osteopontin in the tumour microenvironment. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 14:2037–2044Ethics ApprovalAll research protocols conformed to the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (European and national regulations 2010/63/UE September 22, 2010 and Dz. Urz. UE L276/20.10.2010, respectively). Animals were decapitated by a qualified researcher. The First Warsaw Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation approved the study (approval no. 812/2019).
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Le Bourgeois, Amandine, Thierry Guillaume, Jacques Delaunay, Pierre Peterlin, Viviane Dubruille, Beatrice Mahe, Nicolas Blin et al. "Important Prognostic Impact of Early Monocytes Recovery after Reduced Intensity Conditioning Double Umbilical Cord Blood Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Adults". Blood 124, n.º 21 (6 de diciembre de 2014): 5923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5923.5923.
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Abstract Introduction: Little is known regarding the impact of hematopoietic and immune recoveries after double umbilical cord blood (dUCB) allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), especially after the TCF (low dose 2 Grays total body irradiation + cyclophosphamide 50 mg/Kg 1 day + fludarabine 200 mg/m² 5 days) reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen, which is considered as a standard RIC regimen for dUCB allo-SCT in adults Patients and Methods: Here we considered a homogeneous cohort of 47 patients (males: n=24; median age: 55.5 years (range: 17.5-69) who engrafted after a dUCB TCF allo-SCT performed between November 2006 and April 2013 in our department. Fifty-three percent of the patients had myeloid disease. The majority of cases were in complete remission at time of transplant (72.3%). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine + mycophenolate mofetyl in all cases. All patients received G-CSF from day 1 until neutrophils recovery. The median nucleated cells dose infused was 4.17 107/kg. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact on outcomes of the recovery of the following cellular subsets: leucocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils at day +30 and day +42, and CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B and NK cells at day+100. Results: Median times for neutrophils and platelets recoveries were 17 days (range: 6-59) and 37 days (range: 0-164), respectively. With a median follow-up of 30.4 months (range: 2.8-77.5), the 3-year overall and relapse-free survivals (OS, RFS), relapse incidence (RI), and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 65.7%, 57.2%, 27.1% and 19%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of grade II-IV and grade III-IV acute GVHD were 38.3% and 10.6%, respectively, while, 3-year incidence of chronic GVHD was 53.5% (limited 42%, extensive 11.5%). In univariate analysis, 3-year OS was significantly higher in case of lymphoid disease (80.9% vs 51.9%, p=0.05) or when achieving at day+30 or day +42 higher counts of leucocytes (> median: 2760/mm3; 79% vs 51%, p=0.05; median > 4250/mm3; 78.6% vs 55.4%, p=0.04) or monocytes (> median: 615/mm3; 87.5% vs 45.8 %, p=0.02; median > 830/mm3, 86.2% vs 54.1%, p=0.03). Older age (>median: 55 years) and higher monocytes count at day +42 (> median: 830/mm3) were significantly associated with higher 3-year RFS (63.6% vs 49.1 %, p=0.046; and 75.7 vs 44.4%, p=0.014). Higher leucocytes count at day +42 (>median: 4250/mm3) was the only factor associated with significant 3-year lower NRM (7.1% vs 31.7%, p=0.04), while younger age was associated with higher risk of grade 3-4 acute GVHD (16.7% vs 4.4 %, p=0.05). No factor was predictive of chronic GVHD in this series. In multivariate analysis, older age and early higher monocytes count after transplant were the two independent factors associated with a significantly higher OS (>55 years, HR: 0.21; 95%CI: 0.05-0.85, p=0.028; >615/mm3 at day +30, HR: 0.05; 95%CI: 0.01-0.43, p=0.006) while only older age remained independently associated with better RFS (>55 years, HR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08-0.78, p=0.017). No factor was predictive of NRM, grade 2-4 GVHD, grade III-IV acute or chronic GVHD. Conclusion: These results suggest that higher early monocytes recovery is predictive of outcome after dUCB TCF RIC allo-SCT in adults. Immune recovery seems to have no impact on survivals in this series while influence of age has to be confirmed by other studies. Our results pave the way for future studies aiming to closely and prospectively monitor the kinetics of hematopoietic and immune recoveries after this type of graft. As all patients received G-CSF after transplant, other immunostimulatory cytokines should be tested to ensure sufficient hematopoietic recovery in the setting of adult dUCB TCF RIC allo-SCT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Curtin, John, Martin Cormican, Gerard Fleming, John Keelehan y Emer Colleran. "Linezolid Compared with Eperezolid, Vancomycin, and Gentamicin in an In Vitro Model of Antimicrobial Lock Therapy for Staphylococcus epidermidis Central Venous Catheter-Related Biofilm Infections". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, n.º 10 (octubre de 2003): 3145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.10.3145-3148.2003.
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ABSTRACT Central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection (CVC-RI) is a common complication of CVC use. The most common etiological agents of CVC-RI are gram-positive organisms, in particular, staphylococci. An in vitro model for the formation of biofilms by Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 on polyurethane coupons in a modified Robbins device was established. Biofilm formation was confirmed by electron microscopy and was quantified by determination of viable counts. Mueller-Hinton broth was replaced with sterile physiological saline (control) or a solution of vancomycin (10 mg/ml), gentamicin (10 mg/ml), linezolid (2 mg/ml), or eperezolid (4 mg/ml). Viable counts were performed with the coupons after exposure to antimicrobials for periods of 24, 72, 168, and 240 h. The mean viable count per coupon following establishment of the biofilm was 4.6 × 108 CFU/coupon, and that after 14 days of exposure to physiological saline was 2.5 × 107 CFU/coupon. On exposure to vancomycin (10 mg/ml), the mean counts were 2.5 × 107 CFU/coupon at 24 h, 4.3 × 106 CFU/coupon at 72 h, 1.4 × 105 CFU/coupon at 168 h, and undetectable at 240 h. With gentamicin (10 mg/ml) the mean counts were 2.7 × 107 CFU/coupon at 24 h, 3.7 × 106 CFU/coupon at 72 h, 8.4 × 106 CFU/coupon at 168 h, and 6.5 × 106 CFU/coupon at 240 h. With linezolid at 2 mg/ml the mean counts were 7.1 × 105 CFU/coupon at 24 h and not detectable at 72, 168, and 240 h. With eperezolid (4 mg/ml) no viable cells were recovered after 168 h. These data suggest that linezolid (2 mg/ml) and eperezolid (4 mg/ml) achieve eradication of S. epidermidis biofilms more rapidly than vancomycin (10 mg/ml) and gentamicin (10 mg/ml).
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Pereira, Ricardo B., Agnaldo DF Carvalho, Jadir B. Pinheiro, Giovani O. Silva y Jairo V. Vieira. "Avaliação de híbridos experimentais de cenoura no Distrito Federal". Horticultura Brasileira 33, n.º 1 (marzo de 2015): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620150000100006.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial agronômico de 24 híbridos de cenoura, sendo nove obtidos pelo cruzamento entre linhagens de origem tropical (grupo Brasília: CNPH-520 e CNPH-536) e temperada (macho-estéreis: CNPH-610, CNPH-664, CNPH-633, CNPH-712 e CNPH-671) e 15 obtidos do cruzamento entre linhagens de origem tropical (CNPH-1 a CNPH-15) e a linhagem macho-estéril CNPH-612. Entre 2011 e 2012 foram realizados dois experimentos em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em que a parcela experimental consistiu de três fileiras duplas espaçadas por 20 cm, com 10 cm entre linhas. A queima-das-folhas ocorreu de forma natural no campo e foi avaliada 90 dias após a semeadura. Os rendimentos agronômicos foram avaliados 100 dias após a semeadura. No primeiro experimento os híbridos CNPH-610×CNPH-536, CNPH-712×CNPH-536 e CNPH-610×CNPH-520 apresentaram menores severidades da doença, enquanto CNPH-610×CNPH-520 e os híbridos CNPH-664×CNPH-520 e CNPH-671×CNPH-520 apresentaram as maiores produções de raízes comerciais e menores produções de raízes refugo. Os híbridos não diferiram entre si em relação ao peso e comprimento médio de raízes. No segundo experimento, os híbridos CNPH-612×CNPH-2, CNPH-612×CNPH-6, CNPH-612×CNPH-10 e CNPH-612×CNPH-11 apresentaram resultados superiores para todas as características avaliadas (resistência à queima-das-folhas, produção de raízes comerciais e refugo, peso, comprimento e diâmetro médio de raízes), seguidos de CNPH-612×CNPH-3, que apresentou inferior comprimento médio de raízes.
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Nilla, Saima Sharif, Md Anisur Rahman Khan, Md Mahmudur Rahman Khan, Dewan Ali Ahsan y Md Ghulam Mustafa. "Bacteriological Quality of Marketed Mola Fish, Amblypharyngodon Mola From Dhaka Metropolis". Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 40, n.º 1 (9 de diciembre de 2012): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12897.
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The bacteriological quality of mola fish (Amblypharyngodon mola) from three local fish markets as fresh and as frozen from three departmental chain shops of Dhaka metropolis were analyzed. The microbial quality parameters varied with different sources and the quality was found to be poor for local market fish samples. In total 24 samples were considered for bacteriological quality analysis and 10 pathogenic isolates for antibiotic sensitivity test to 12 antibiotics. The total bacterial count ranged from 1.8 ± 0.25×104 to 6.5 ± 0.75 × 106 cfu/g for fresh and 5.5 ± 0.55 × 103 to 7.0 ± 0.80 × 105 cfu/g for frozen mola. The highest total coliform count of mola was 8.0 ± 0.55 × 104 and 6.1 ± 0.40 × 103 cfu/g for local market and departmental chain shop, respectively. All fresh and frozen samples were observed having high quantity of E. coli above 102 cfu/g. Furthermore, Salmonella-Shigella was identified in 67% samples (75% of fresh and 58% of frozen samples) varied from 0.9 ± 0.00 ×102 to 5.3 ± 0.30 × 103 cfu/g whereas Vibrio spp.was confirmed in 79% samples (83% of fresh and 75% of frozen samples) of which 90% samples exceeded 102 cfu/g. Similar pattern was observed in Staphylococcus spp. with 83% of fresh and 58% of frozen samples (63% of total samples) beyond 103 cfu/g. In case of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the indicator and pathogenic isolates, all of them were resistant to amoxicillin and penicillin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and streptomycin. The findings proved that mola fish under this study was more or less contaminated and local fish market samples were highly privileged with food borne pathogens which confirmed the unhygienic condition of the market as well as the presence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in mola fish may threat to public health safety. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12897 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1): 77-88, 2012
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Emmett, Louise, Sarennya Pathmanandavel, Andrew Nguyen, Megan Crumbaker, Andrew On Wah Yam, Wai Ling Chan, Karen Fullard, Bao Ho, Arun Azad y Anthony M. Joshua. "Results of a phase I/II prospective dose-escalation trial evaluating safety and efficacy of combination 177LuPSMA-617 and NOX66 in men with mCRPC post androgen signalling inhibition and two lines of taxane chemotherapy (LuPIN trial)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n.º 6_suppl (20 de febrero de 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.120.
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120 Background: Despite treatment advances, metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a lethal disease. Trials in 177LuPSMA-617 have demonstrated good efficacy and safety, but synergistic combinations may further improve treatment responses. NOX66 inhibits external NADH oxidase type 2 with downstream pro-apoptotic actions including radio-sensitization. We present results of a prospective open label single arm phase 1/2 dose escalation/expansion trial of 177LuPSMA-617 and NOX66 in mCRPC. Methods: Men with progressive mCRPC post androgen signalling inhibition (ASI) and taxane chemotherapy were eligible. Inclusion criteria included PSMA PET/CT intensity > SUV max 15, with no discordant disease on FDG PET/CT, Hb > 100 g/L, Platelets > 90 x 106/L and GFR > 40 mL/min. Protocol allowed up to 6 doses of 177 Lu-PSMA 617 (7.5Gbq) on day 1 with NOX66 (suppository) given day 1-10 at 6-weekly intervals; the first 8 men received 400mg NOX66. After safety review, dose was escalated to 800mg. Data regarding safety, efficacy, pain scores, and QOL were collected. Results: 32/43 (26% imaging screen failures) screened men were enrolled (November 2017 – June 2019), of whom 100% had prior docetaxel and ASI, and 94% (30/32) cabazitaxel. All men received ≥ 2 cycles, with 12/32 completing 6 cycles, and 16/32 2 - 5 cycles, while 4/32 remain on treatment. Any PSA response was seen in 84% (27/32), with a PSA response > 50% in 62.5% (20/32). Median PSA PFS was 6.5 months (95%CI 3.54-9.3). To date, 72% (23/32) of patients have progressed. 34% (11/32) men have died with median OS not reached. 50% (12/24) of men with baseline pain scores ≥3 (24/32) had significant reduction in pain. Adverse events are summarized below. Conclusions: Combination 177LuPSMA-617 with NOX66 appears safe and efficacious in men with heavily pre-treated mCRPC. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12618001073291. [Table: see text]
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Gray, James X., Lyle McMillen, Russell Saal, Steven Lane, Peter Mollee, Robert Bird, Devinder Gill y Paula Marlton. "WT1 Expression Levels at Diagnosis and as a Marker of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)." Blood 114, n.º 22 (20 de noviembre de 2009): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2639.2639.
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Abstract Abstract 2639 Poster Board II-615 Background.- As wt1 expression is elevated in the majority (80%) of acute myeloid leukemias at diagnosis and relapse, a validated wt1 assay would be a powerful adjunctive tool for evaluation and monitoring of patients during their treatment. Monitoring of disease status with wt1 is applicable to more AML patients in a single assay than any other leukemic marker and includes patients that are cytogenetically normal and may not otherwise be amenable to molecular MRD evaluation. We aimed to analyse wt1 expression in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with de novo AML, when measured at diagnosis, post-induction and post-consolidation; and to correlate these wt1 expression levels with patient characteristics and outcome. Methods- This is a prospective, longitudinal study in which the levels of wt1 expression from 99 patients with de novo AML are measured from bone marrow (59 patients) and peripheral blood (94 patients) specimens at the time of diagnosis and at various time-points along their treatment and clinical courses. The specimens were prospectively stored in the PwC Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group (ALLG) Tissue Bank. Samples analysed included: 59 bone marrow (bm-wt1) and 94 peripheral blood (pb-wt1) at diagnosis; 54 bm-wt1 and 57 pb-wt1 post-induction; and 46 bm-wt1 and 41 pb-wt1 post-consolidation. 90 of the 99 patients were treated with standard induction chemotherapy on a variety of protocols. RNA was extracted from 107 leukocytes purified from blood and bone marrow using TRIzol® (Invitrogen) extraction. Reverse transcription was performed using Superscript ® (Invitrogen) and RQ-PCR was performed using multiplexed 5' nuclease assay with Black Hole Quencher labelled probes according to published methods. Copy number of wt1 was normalised to 104 copies of ABL. Baseline patient characteristics were correlated with baseline wt1 expression levels and the impact of baseline and post-treatment wt1 expression on leukemia-free survival (LFS) was assessed. Results- 99 AML patients were studied: median age 55years, 53% male. Cytogenetic prognostic groups (SWOG) were favourable – 12%, intermediate – 59% and poor – 29%. 90 patients were treated with curative intent and 83% achieved CR, 6% had refractory disease and 11% died during induction. With a median follow-up of 33 months, the median LFS was 12 months and median OS was 24 months. Median pb-wt1 levels at diagnosis were 5122 (range, 1 to 36125) and varied significantly according to: cytogenetic risk group (good risk 12745, intermediate risk 2632, poor risk 4554 (P = 0.009)) and marrow blast percentage (P = 0.02). Diagnostic bm-wt1 showed similar correlations with baseline parameters, but did not reach statistical significance. Median pb-wt1 at relapse was 3781. One of 21 relapsed patients with elevated pb-wt1 expression at diagnosis did not express wt1 at relapse. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis model including age and cytogenetic risk-group, increased expression of wt1 from peripheral blood at diagnosis is predictive of decreased LFS (P=0.04). This correlation was not seen with wt1 measured from bone marrow aspirates. The wt1 expression levels were reduced following induction chemotherapy with a median 2.6 log reduction (range, 0 to 4.2) seen in marrow aspirate and 3.2 log reduction (range, 0 to 4.3) seen in peripheral blood. There was a trend for lower post-induction peripheral blood wt1 to correlate with better LFS when measured as a continuous variable (P=0.067) or undetected vs detected (P=0.051). Lower post-consolidation pb-wt1 significantly correlated with better LFS when measured as a continuous variable (P=0.002) or undetected vs detected (P=0.02) and continued to be significant in multivariate analysis. Bone marrow aspirate wt1 levels post-induction or post-consolidation did not correlate with LFS. Conclusion- This study demonstrates a correlation between wt1 expression levels and known risk factors for early relapse. In the MRD setting, detectable wt1 levels in peripheral blood post-induction and post-consolidation predicted very poor leukaemia free survival. Analysis is ongoing to validate these findings in a uniformly treated cohort of patients enrolled on the current ALLG clinical trial. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Vinha, Mariana Barboza, Cláudia Lúcia de Oliveira Pinto y José Benício Paes Chaves. "Estafilococos coagulase positiva em queijos Minas Frescal produzidos em agroindústrias familiares". Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes 73, n.º 2 (13 de noviembre de 2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/2238-6416.v73i2.656.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar Estafilococos Coagulase Positiva (ECP) em queijos Minas Frescal, produzidos em seis queijarias não inspecionadas, sendo que destas, três delas utilizam leite cru e três utilizam leite pasteurizado. Foram coletadas 78 amostras, sendo 46 (24 na agroindústria e 22 no comércio) produzidas com leite pasteurizado e 32 (15 na agroindústria e 17 no comércio) fabricadas com leite cru. Queijos produzidos com leite pasteurizado apresentaram baixas contagens de ECP (1,0 x 101 a 2,0 x 103 UFC/g) e menor percentual de amostras não conformes (6,5%), as quais podem ser justificas por contaminações pós-pasteurização, decorrente de falhas higiênico-sanitárias durante a fabricação e comercialização do produto. Queijos fabricados com leite cru apresentaram maior contaminação (6,0 x 102 a 3,6 x 106 UFC/g) e maior percentual de amostras não conformes (75,0%), podendo estas serem atribuídas à contaminação da matéria-prima. Queijos informais são potencialmente capazes de causar gastroenterite e oferecem risco à saúde pública. Agroindústrias familiares devem cumprir as exigências sanitárias a fim de oferecer produtos seguros aos consumidores, evitar surtos, regularizar a produção e ampliar a comercialização, proporcionando o desenvolvimento e consolidação desta importante atividade no meio rural.
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Bassett, D. J., E. Bowen-Kelly y S. S. Reichenbaugh. "Rat lung glucose metabolism after 24 h of exposure to 100% oxygen". Journal of Applied Physiology 66, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1989): 989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.2.989.
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Previous studies with lung homogenates and isolated cells have suggested oxygen cell injury results from the inhibition of key enzymes involved in both cytosolic and mitochondrial energy generation. In this study, the extent and pattern of metabolism of D-[U-14C, 5–3H]glucose was examined in perfused lungs isolated from rats before and after 24 h of in vivo exposure to 100% O2. Lung ATP levels after O2 exposure were maintained by a 53% increase in glucose utilization from an unexposed control value of 18.0 +/- 3.2 to 27.5 +/- 3.0 mumol 3H2O.h-1.g dry wt-1, accounted for by an enhanced rate of lactate plus pyruvate production from 15.7 +/- 2.0 to 32.7 +/- 4.1 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1 with no alteration in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. CO2 production was unaltered from a control rate of 27.5 +/- 4.0 14CO2 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1. Maximal rates of glucose metabolism were determined by perfusion with 0.8 mM dinitrophenol, giving for air-exposed lungs a rate of 53.5 +/- 5.0 mumol 3H2O.h-1.g dry wt-1 and increased lactate plus pyruvate and 14CO2 production rates of 46.5 +/- 6.5 and 128.3 +/- 19.6 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1, respectively. Although this maximal rate of glucose utilization was unaltered in oxygen-exposed lungs, lactate plus pyruvate production was further increased to 80.0 +/- 9.1 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1 with a concomitant decrease in the dinitrophenol-induced rate of 14CO2 production to 81.5 +/- 9.2 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Demir, Ibrahim, Canan Oztokat Kuzucu, Sıtkı Ermis y Güleda Öktem. "Radicle Emergence as Seed Vigour Test Estimates Seedling Quality of Hybrid Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Cultivars in Low Temperature and Salt Stress Conditions". Horticulturae 9, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010003.
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This work was conducted on the use of the RE (radicle emergence) test to estimate the seedling emergence (SE) and quality (seedling shoot weight (SSW), seedling root weight (SRW) and seedling height (SH)) of twelve hybrid cucumber seed lots with high germination (>95%) at low temperature conditions, high salt conditions and a combination of the two. The percentages of RE, which is a 2 mm radicle protrusion at 25 °C in the dark, were counted between 18 h and 32 h. The seeds were sown in peat moss in trays and kept at 15 °C (low temperature stress), or salty water was applied as 100 mM NaCl at 25 °C (salt stress) for three days, and both were applied in a combined-stress environment. Seedling emergence and quality parameters were reduced by both stress environments and their combination. SE, SSW, SRW and SH values ranged between: 91–100%, 614–844 mg, 102–143 mg, 6.8–8.8 cm at low temperature; 90–98%, 598–904 mg, 101–154 mg, 6.5–7.8 cm at salt stress; and 76–92%, 464–608 mg, 97–133 mg, 5.8–6.9 cm at their combination. The RE values with great differences seen among the lots (20–28 h) were regressed with seedling emergence and quality values. RE 24 h had the highest R2 and significant values in all stress environments as R2 = 0.596-0.858, p < 0.05–0.001 at low temperature; R2 = 0.620–0.827, p < 0.05–0.001 with salt; and R2 = 0.686-0.842, p < 0.05–0.001 with combined stresses. We concluded that RE as a vigour test can be used successfully to estimate the seedling quality of highly germinating hybrid cucumber seed lots. Use of the RE test in hybrid cucumber seeds and its influence on high-quality seedling production were discussed.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "615.107 24"
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Blouin, Cécile y Cristina Zamora Gómez. "Institutional and Social Xenophobia Towards Venezuelan Migrants in the Context of a Racialized Country: The Case of Peru". En IMISCOE Research Series, 169–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11061-0_8.
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AbstractAlthough there is a growing academic interest in xenophobia in South America (Chan & Strabucchi, Asian Ethnicity 22(2):374–394, 2020; Tijoux-Merino, Convergencia: Revista de Ciencias Sociales 20(61):83–104, 2013; Guizardi & Mardones, Estudios Fronterizos 21:1–24, 2020), research is incipient on Peru due, in part, to the recent changes in migration trends. Moreover, in the case of Peru, scholars have not explored how xenophobia and racism intersect and connect. Addressing this gap, this chapter examines xenophobia in Peru against the Venezuelan community from an institutional and social perspective, addressing how both perspectives are relational and self-sustaining in a context of racialization. We use a mixed methodology that combines literature and political-normative analysis with quantitative data analysis. We examine how the institutional xenophobia against Venezuelan migration in the country, expressed through legislation as well as informal and formal practices of exclusion, have portrayed migrants as invaders. We also argue that the structural and complex racialization that operates in the country is also nourished by a special hatred against the foreigner who threatens the fragile sense of nationhood in Peru. Thus, we observe the emergence of a feeling of Venezuelanphobia as a hatred towards everything that has to do with ‘the Venezuelan.’
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"Zur Vermögensbetreuungspflicht entsandter Aufsichtsratsmitglieder (§ 101 Abs. 2 AktG) gegenüber dem Entsendenden". En Festschrift für Rainer Hamm zum 65. Geburtstag am 24. Februar 2008, editado por Regina Michalke, Wolfgang Köberer, Jürgen Pauly y Stefan Kirsch. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter Recht, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783899495881.341.
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Tosoni, Luca. "Article 60 Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned". En The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0103.
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Article 4(16) (Definition of ‘main establishment’) (see too recital 36); Article 4(22) (Definition of ‘supervisory authority concerned’) (see also recital 36); Article 4(23) (Definition of ‘cross-border processing’); Article 4(24) (Definition of ‘relevant and reasoned objection’) (see too recital 124); Article 50 (International cooperation for the protection of personal data) (see too recitals 102 and 116); Article 55 (Competence of the supervisory authorities) (see too recitals 122 and 128); Article 56 (Competence of the lead supervisory authority) (see also recitals 124–128); Article 57(1)(g) (Supervisory authorities’ task to cooperate with other supervisory authorities) (see too recitals 123 and 133); Article 58 (Powers of supervisory authorities) (see too recitals 122 and 129); Article 61 (Mutual assistance) (see too recitals 123 and 133); Article 62 (Joint operations of supervisory authorities) (see too recital 134); Article 63 (Consistency mechanism) (see too recitals 13, 136 and 138); Article 64 (Opinion of the Board) (see also recitals 135–136); Article 65 (Dispute resolution by the Board) (see too recitals 136 and 143); and Article 66 (Urgency procedure) (see too recitals 137–138).
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Prevelige, Peter E. "Bacteriophage P22". En The Bacteriophages, 457–68. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148503.003.0029.
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Abstract Bacteriophage P22, a relative of bacteriophage l, is a temperate phage of Salmonella typhimurium and has played key roles in the development of molecular biology. Originally isolated as a lysogen of Salmonella, it was with P22 that Zinder and Lederberg discovered the phenomenon of generalized transduction (113). In subsequent years, P22 has proven to be an important tool in Salmonella genetics, and equally importantly has served to illustrate key components of genetic and morphogenetic regulation (45). P22 shares many similarities in genetic structure and regulation with phage λ and there are excellent reviews of P22 biology (63, 88). The genome of P22 has been sequenced (11, 24, 61, 72, 100) and 65 genes have been annotated. The sequencing results support the hypothesis that phage P22 is a mosaic that has evolved through extensive recombination with other viruses. Significant progress has been made over the past 15 years in understanding the structural biology of P22 infection and replication which, after a brief overview, will be the focus of this chapter.
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Prevelige, Peter E. "Bacteriophage P22". En The Bacteriophages, 457–68. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195168778.003.0029.
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Abstract Bacteriophage P22, a relative of bacteriophage l, is a temperate phage of Salmonella typhimurium and has played key roles in the development of molecular biology. Originally isolated as a lysogen of Salmonella, it was with P22 that Zinder and Lederberg discovered the phenomenon of generalized transduction (113). In subsequent years, P22 has proven to be an important tool in Salmonella genetics, and equally importantly has served to illustrate key components of genetic and morphogenetic regulation (45). P22 shares many similarities in genetic structure and regulation with phage l and there are excellent reviews of P22 biology (63, 88). The genome of P22 has been sequenced (11, 24, 61, 72, 100) and 65 genes have been annotated. The sequencing results support the hypothesis that phage P22 is a mosaic that has evolved through extensive recombination with other viruses. Significant progress has been made over the past 15 years in understanding the structural biology of P22 infection and replication which, after a brief overview, will be the focus of this chapter.
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Paturi, Shalini y Janice Gilden. "Case 24: A Diagnostic Dilemma in a Patient with Elevated Glycosylated Hemoglobin". En Diabetes Case Studies: Real Problems, Practical Solutions, 86–89. American Diabetes Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/9781580405713.24.
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A 19-year-old African American woman was referred to the endocrine clinic for evaluation of elevated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of 6.5% (repeat value 6.9%) and a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). There were symptoms of mild fatigue and increased thirst. Over the past 4 months, she also experienced a 10 lb weight gain, with no changes in diet or exercise. There were no known medical problems, and she did not take any medications, alcohol, or recreational drugs. Family history was significant for diabetes in her maternal grandfather. Physical exam showed a thin female (BMI 21 kg/m2), without acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, striae, or other abnormalities.
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Bulut, Cengiz. "Trakya Paşaeli Cemiyeti Yöneticilerinin Bulgaristan’a İlticadan Sonra Kurdukları Çeteler ve Teşkilat Mensuplarıyla Aralarında Olan Haberleşmeye Ait Bazı Önemli Mektuplar". En Millî Mücadelenin Yerel Tarihi 1918-1923 (Cilt 10): Edirne - Kırklareli - Tekirdağ, 377–407. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-72-6.ch08.
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"The executives and members of the Trakya Paşaeli Cemiyeti (Thracian Paşaeli Society) relocated to Bulgaria following the occupation of Edirne on July 25, 1920. Under the guidance of Kasım Yolageldili in Kızanlık and Eski Zağra, they established militias and coordinated assaults against the Greek military and police outposts. They hindered the Greek army's progress from Thrace to Anatolia and bolstered the National Struggle spearheaded by Mustafa Kemal Pasha. While in Bulgaria, the leadership of the society, organization members, and militia leaders corresponded and shared intelligence with one another. Some of these letters were encrypted. From the correspondence, it is clear that the society members effectively utilized their established intelligence network and garnered support from local Greeks in their actions against the Greek army. In several letters, ongoing differences of opinion among the society members are evident, even during their stay in Bulgaria. In one letter penned by Kasım Yolageldili, he firmly addressed these disagreements, asserting, “No matter what anyone says,I am loyal to Anatolia, to Ankara.” The gang commanders consistently reported their past and planned activities to Kasım Yolageldili, the director of the Thracian PaşaeliSociety, through their written correspondence, highlighting their challenges and needs. As the Greek army began its retreat, the leaders and gang members of the Thracian Paşaeli Society, who had sought refuge in Bulgaria, worked to maintain stability in the villages. Their efforts persisted until the Turkish Gendarmerie entered Edirne on November 24, 1922, and other occupation forces withdrew. Following the pivotal victory in Anatolia and the liberation of Thrace from Greek control, the Turkish gendarmerie entered Edirne on November 24, 1922, restoring order. Following the formal surrender of Edirne onNovember 25, 1922, society membersreturned from Bulgaria, and the gangs subsequently disbanded their operations."
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Zhang, Tao, Gaia A. Scalabrino, Neil Frankish y Helen Sheridan. "Bioactive Indanes: Development and Validation of a Bioanalytical Method of LC-MS/MS for the Determination of PH46A, a New Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agent, in Human Plasma, Urine and Faeces". En Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112275.
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PH46A, a new chemical entity developed by our group, has shown potent anti-inflammatory activities through various pre-preclinical studies. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS analytical method to determine the levels of PH46 in human plasma, urine and faeces. The linearity (0.5–500 ng/mL for plasma/urine, and 10–2000 ng/g for human faeces), accuracy (within 100 ± 15% for plasma/urine or 100 ± 20% for faeces), precision (≤ 15% CV for plasma/urine or ≤ 20% CV for faeces) and the method’s specificity were demonstrated to be acceptable. No significant matrix effects or carry-over was observed for PH46 and IStd, and the recovery was consistent. About 10- and 100-fold dilutions in control matrix were found not to affect the assays’ performance. PH46 was proven to be stable: at room temperature for >24 hrs in plasma through 3 freeze-thaw cycles, at –20°C for 83 days in plasma/32 days in urine/33 days in faeces, and at –80°C for 154 days in plasma/33 days in faeces. The re-injection reproducibility of PH46 in matrix extracts was at least 239 hrs at 4°C in plasma/25 days in urine/6.5 days in faeces. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic evaluation of the Phase I clinical studies.
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"Pflichtwidrigkeit und Vorsatz bei der Untreue (§ 266 StGB) am Beispiel der sog. Kredituntreue– Zugleich ein Beitrag zum Bestimmtheitsgebot des Art. 103 Abs. 2 GG –". En Festschrift für Rainer Hamm zum 65. Geburtstag am 24. Februar 2008, editado por Regina Michalke, Wolfgang Köberer, Jürgen Pauly y Stefan Kirsch. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter Recht, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783899495881.211.
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Rodrigues, Ana Raquel Eugênio Costa, Andressa Eslayne Caldas Sales, Helen Pinheiro, Gustavo André Bandeira do Rêgo Barros, Synara Cavalcante Lopes, Renata Kellen Cavalcante Alexandrino, Priscilla Taumaturgo Holanda Melo, Lília Teixeira Eufrásio Leite, Vivian Braga Gomes de Sousa y Priscila da Silva Mendonça. "Dietary intake of antioxidants in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome". En CONNECTING EXPERTISE MULTIDISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENT FOR THE FUTURE. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/connexpemultidisdevolpfut-067.
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Introduction: Changes in lifestyle, including eating habits, are determining factors in the possibility of protecting the body against the development of neoplastic tumors, including Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). Objectives: To evaluate the usual intake of antioxidants in patients diagnosed with MDS. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary university hospital in Ceará. Participants were 102 patients with MDS and 102 healthy individuals, matched according to sex and age. Food consumption was evaluated through 2 24-hour recordings, and the nutritional orientation of the intake of antioxidant micronutrients (vitamins A, C and E and the minerals zinc, selenium and magnesium) was analyzed. Results: Most participants were female (62.7%). The mean age of patients with MDS was 72.07 years ± 11.63 and of controls was 69.24 ± 9.24 (p= 0.066). Among the MDS group, 77.5% were aged 65 years or older. The nutrients with the highest prevalence of inadequacy among patients with DMS were selenium (100.0%) and magnesium (98.0%). There was no difference in the prevalence of inadequate consumption of vitamin A, C, E, magnesium, selenium and zinc between the group with MDS and controls (p> 0.05). Patients with MDS older than 65 years had significantly lower consumption of vitamin C (p= 0.037) and selenium (p= 0.004) than the group of young patients. Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of inadequate consumption of antioxidant vitamins and minerals among patients with MDS and a healthy population, with emphasis on the lower intake of vitamin C and selenium associated with the group with MDS aged over 65 years.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "615.107 24"
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Krishnamurthy, Ravi M., Barry Martens, David Feser, Peter Marreck y Reg MacDonald. "Liquid Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking". En 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-187.
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The integrity management of a pipeline with stress corrosion cracking was accomplished in two distinct phases. The initial phase, from 1993 to 1996, consisted of excavations that quantified damage (stress corrosion cracking & corrosion), fracture mechanics modeling and hydrostatic testing, with a short-term objective of restoring Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP). Limited testing was conducted to evaluate the hydrostatic line on the 610 mm (24″) diameter line. The second phase, from 1996 until present, included running a shear wave ultrasonic tool, a zero degree ultrasonic tool, fracture mechanics modeling and rehabilitation digs. The extensive data collection during rehabilitation was utilized to evaluate the relationships between cracking susceptibility and degree of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) with parameters such as soil type, drainage, topography and magnitude of pressure fluctuations. Corrosion products predominantly consisted of iron carbonate, very much characteristic of the low pH SCC mechanism. Following the shear wave ultrasonic tool, a zero-degree compression wave ultrasonic tool was utilized to characterize the long axial corrosion locations with potential shallow cracking. A re-inspection plan was developed using crack growth rates, hydraulic simulations of pressure fluctuations and excavation data. The reliability of the pipeline was increased and the overall integrity management costs were reduced. Presently, hydrotesting is not being used to manage integrity of Rainbow’s system.
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Heeb, M. J., D. F. Mosher y J. H. Griffin. "PROTEIN C IS ACTIVATED AND GIVES 110,000 MW COMPLEXES AND PROTEIN S IS CLEAVED AND DECREASED _IN VIVO IN PATIENTS WITH INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)". En XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644696.
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Immunoblotting studies using denaturing and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions were performed on 100 plasmas from 88 patients with suspected DIC, in order to determine whether the anticoagulant regulatory proteins C and S (PC and PS) cure altered in vivo during DIC. 70 of these plasmas from 65 patients contained 5-35% of PC antigen in the form of activated protein C (APC) complexed with inhibitor(s).24 normal plasmas showed no detectable APC-inhibitor complexes.The complexes in DIC plasmas had a MW of 110 K on SDS-PAGE, as did complexes formed when APC was incubated with plasma immunodepleted of PC, or when PC in normal plasma was activated with Protac C. On nondenaturing gels, the complex present in 69 of 70 patient plasmas had the same mobility as one of two major bands of complexed APC observed in Protac C-activated normal plasma. One patient plasma contained two forms of PC antigen complex. This patient had suffered a perforated uterus during an abortion. After Protac C activation of the patient plasmas, two APC complexed bands were seen. The 16 patients with >15% complexed PC antigen included 3 with severe infection, 5 with solid tumors, 3 with leukemias, 2 with vascular disease and 3 with other diagnoses. These patients had a higher mortality (69%) than the group as a whole and higher levels of fibrin degradation products. 13 of these 16 plasmas and 56 of the entire group of 100 contained a higher than normal proportion of PS in a cleaved form with an apparent molecular weight lower than intact PS on reduced SDS-PAGE. Mean levels of PS antigen determined by electroimmunoassay for 95 of the plasmas were as follows: entire group, 86% (92%); patients with infection (n=34), 76% (81%); patients with malignancy (n=37), 102% (105%); all others (n=24), 70% (74%) wherfe numbers in parentheses exclude patients with liver disease and 100% normal pooled plasma. These studies suggest that PS is cleaved and decreased in vivo and that PC is activated in vivo and complexed with a 50K MW inhibitor(s) during DIC.
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Masuyama, Fujimitsu y Tomiko Yamaguchi. "New Ferritic Steel Beyond Grade 92 and its Creep Degradation Assessment by Hardness Method for Grade 91". En ASME 2014 Symposium on Elevated Temperature Application of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etam2014-1007.
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The alloy development R&D activities for weld construction components, such as boiler piping and headers of high-efficient fossil-fired power plants have been conducted to introduce creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels, grades 91, 92, 122, 911, 23 and 24 for last three decades. The grade 92 among these CSEF steels has the highest creep rupture strength to increase the steam temperature up to 620°C however the weld heat affected zone is much weaker in creep than the base metal due to the Type IV failure. Alloy design trials or proposal of the candidate steels in laboratory level has been conducted to improve the creep rupture strength than that of grade 92. Presently it is becoming possible in a very near future to introduce the new high strength ferritic steels beyond grade 92 on the commercial basis, and also the new steels could mitigate the Type IV failure at the welds to be applicable at the maximum use temperature of 625°C and above. But the creep degradation behavior in such new advanced steels is not yet well investigated and it is not verified that the creep degradation/life assessment techniques studied for the existing CSEF steels are applicable. Therefore the creep degradation and softening behavior of new advanced CSEF steels were studied and the hardness creep life assessment technique developed using grade 91 was applied to investigate the similarity of degradation process with the conventional CSEF steels. The present paper introduces the development status of new advanced steels beyond grade 92 in Japan and deals with the creep degradation and softening behavior of the new steels in comparison with grades 91 and 92. Paper published with permission.
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Pechuro, E. A., A. N. Batian, V. A. Kravchenko y S. V. Petrenko. "ANALYSIS OF THE THYROID GLAND INCIDENCE RATE IN GORODNAYA RESIDENTS, STOLIN DISTRICT, BREST REGION, WHICH SUFFERED AS A RESULT OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT". En SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-114-117.
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At the beginning of 2020, 71 patients with thyroid diseases (nodular goiter, postoperative hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer) were identified, among which 14 % are men and 86 % are women. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 7 people, including 1 man and 6 women, which was 14.3 % and 85.7%, respectively. In the structure of morbidity, nodular goiter (26 cases) accounts for 37 %, postoperative hypothyroidism (17 cases) -24 %, primary hypothyroidism (15 cases) - 21 %, thyrotoxicosis (6 cases) - 8 %, cancer (7 cases) - 10%. The most common pathology of the thyroid gland in the study settlement is nodular goiter. The highest incidence rates were among men aged 51-60 years, and among women - in the age groups 51-60 years and 61-70 years. One of the possible reasons for nodular goiter incidence rate increasing is radioactive iodine incorporation at the stable iodine deficiency in this population.
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Rydlewicz, Maciej y Wojciech Rydlewicz. "Experiences in Developing a Practical Algorithm of Identification and Attenuation of Pressure Pulsation and Piping Vibration in Gas Reciprocating Compressor Plants and Other Systems". En ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84565.
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This paper presents results of research on practical engineering solutions to suppress pressure pulsation and mechanical vibrations in piping systems. It concerns both new build and retrofitted plants. Analyses were performed according to ASME B31, EN-13480 and API 618 codes. Solutions were considered for natural gas reciprocating compressor stations (gaseous media) and liquid hydrocarbons plant with various pumps. Pressure pulsation in a piping system is a source of dynamic forces. Unbalanced pressure layout in the piping system results in the presence of dynamic forces that may excite mechanical vibrations [1,7, 22, 23, 24]. In industrial applications, mechanical vibrations are present mostly in resonant conditions. Since hundreds of eigenvalues can characterise the piping system, it is crucial to identify the key ones, which are likely to be excited to vibrate. Therefore, it is necessary to allow adequate modelling and subsequent analysis of the fluid-structure interaction with available engineering tools.
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Valster, A. "Recent progress in visible light-emitting semiconductor lasers". En The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cfe1.
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The performance of (Al)GalnP visible light emitting semiconductor lasers has significantly improved over the last few years as the result of the introduction of strained quantum well (SQW) layers in the active region.1 Grown-in strain modifies the valence subband structure which results in a reduced density of states and an improved symmetry of states at the valence band maximum. Both lead to a considerable reduction in the threshold current density of the semiconductor laser. We have fabricated by low-pressure organometallic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-OMVPE) 1% compressively strained single QW broad-area lasers with a threshold current density of 240 A/cm2. The lasing wavelength is 675 nm. Gain guided 7 μm × 300 μm stripe lasers have threshold currents of 24 mA at room temperature and are lasing beyond 100°C. Lifetests of 4 different wafers at 70°C and 4 mW output power shows a projected median lifetime of 70,000 hours which demonstrates the excellent reliability of SQW visible lasers.
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Wang, Qi, Da Xing, Wei Liu, Yongkang Cheng y Zuguang Ma. "Study of stimulated emission from high-lying F ′ Σ g + — B ′ Π 4 and new cascade radiation in Na2". En International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.ff4.
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The first observation is reported of a stimulated emission at 0.75–0.81 μm for the high-lying F ′ Σ g + — B ′ Π 4 transition and a new cascade radiation at 1.14–1.18 μm for the F ′ Σ g + → 2 ′ Σ 4 + — 2 ′ Σ g + transition in sodium vapor, two-photon resonantly pumped by an excimer laser–dye laser (rhodamine 6G) tunable over a 570–615-nm range. The lasing at 0.75–0.81 μm is recorded in Na2 at 500 °C and buffer argon pressures of 0.5, 5, and 100 Torr, respectively. At higher pressures the operating temperature range at which laser action can occur is very limited. A comparison of the theoretically calculated datum-Derslands table, the Franck-Condon factors, and experimental results—two-pump photon energy and observed lasing wave-length—shows that a kinetic channel should be as follows: the sodium dimers at the ground state are pumped to the vibrational level v = 15 for the high-lying excited state F ′ Σ g + through the vibrational level v = 24 for the intermediate state F ′ Σ 4 + and then F ′ Σ g + → B ′ Π 4 stimulated emission at 0.75–0.81 μm occurred. In the same two-photon pumping conditions for the F ′ Σ g + state the second emission band was observed at 1.14–1.18 μm, which is characterized by the vapor temperature condition, originating in our opinion, from the final process of the cascade transition F ′ Σ g + — 2 ′ Σ 4 + — 2 ′ Σ g + .
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Dias, Alice Estevo, Juliana Aparecida Rhein Telles, Bruna Helena Sciarini, Mauricio Ossamu Bando, Demetrios Chiuratto Agourakis, Giovanna de Paula Vidigal, Andre Virgilio dos Santos Caetano, Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro y Talita Dias da Silva. "Patient-reported outcome measures with multiple sclerosis on the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on communication difficulties". En XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.577.
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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can trigger difficulties in communication. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a treatment option. Objectives: To analyze the self-reported communicative ability of people with MS undergoing TMS. Methods: The protocol consisted of 10 interventions by TMS (primary motor cortex, left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex). The domain 1 of the self-administered WHODAS 2.0 Disability Rating Scale was used before and after (30 days) TMS to identify patient’s opinion of communication. Scores ranged from 0 = minimum difficulty to 100 = maximum. Results: The study comprised 30 people with MS: 22 women, 8 men, age 33– 68 years (mean = 50.0, standard deviation [SD] = 10.6), EDSS 0-6.5 (mean = 4.6, SD = 1.9), time diagnostic 1–24 years (mean = 10.0, SD = 7.2). All patients mentioned preserved ability for general understanding of the interlocutors’ speech. Prior to TMS, n = 18/60% had moderate difficulty concentrating (including speech content/subject), moderate/severe to n = 24/80% in recent memory, n = 10/33%) in problem solving, and n = 10/33% in learning, fundamental mental and reasoning activities for communication, activity reported with a moderate degree of difficult in n = 18/60% to start and maintain conversations due to inability to recall words (language disorder) or impairment in speech intelligibility (dysarthria). Self-reports pointed to a decrease in difficulties after TMS. Conclusion: We observed that WHODAS 2.0 seems to be a favorable both to identify the patient-reported outcome measures about the communicative difficulties, and to analyze the effects of TMS, which, in turn, showed potential to improve verbal communication and requires longitudinal investigation.
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NAKAMURA, Shin. "MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE TISSUE FACTOR: ROLE OF ITS N-GLYCOSYLATED CARBOHYDRATE MOIETY." En XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643286.
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Monocytes/macrophages and related cells are known to generate tissue factor (TF) , a membrane associated lipid-glycoprotein complex, following activation with LPS or other stimuli. Monkey (M. fuscata) mononuclear leukocytes (MNL, 3 × 106/ml) cultured with LPS (lµg/ml) in FCS-free RPMI medium were stimulated to produce the glycoprotein (TF-Apo). After a lag period of 2 h the TF-Apo production was initiated, and its accumulation reached the plateau after 12 h and then declined to approximately half of the maximum level after 24 h. A time course of the TF activity was strictly in accord with that of the TF-Apo accumulation. Tunicamycin, an antibiotic that blocks the first stage in formation of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoprotein, affected to reduce the TF expression by 15 to 65 %, when monkey MNL (3 x 106/ml) were co-cultured with LPS (1 µg/ml) and the antibiotic (10 to 100 ng/ml) for 10 h. Similar reducing effect of tunicamycin to the TF expression was observed, when RET-1, a macrophage*related cell line that generates spontaneouly TF, was cultured with the antibiotic. Interestingly, leupeptin, an inhibitor to trypsin-type proteases including cathepsin B, protected completely the tunicamycin-induced reduction of the TF expression upon its addition to the culture medium at the concentration of 7 /iM. Chymostatin, an inhibitor to chymotrypsin-type proteases, also showed the protective effect. These results indicate that TF-Apo of monocytes and RET-1 has N-linked oligosaccharides and that defect of the oligosaccharide chain causes TF-Apo to be susceptible to proteolysis during intracellular processing. Thus, the N-glycosylated carbohydrate moiety of TF-Apo of these macrophage related cells has a roll to stabilize and/or protect it against proteolytic inactivation.
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Bykowska, K., S. Lapaciuk, M. Janczarski, Z. Wegrzynowicz y M. Kopec. "PLASMA FIBRONECTIN IN ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS AND DURING STREPTOKINASE THERAPY". En XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643557.
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We have previously shown that digestion of fibronectin (FN) by trypsin, kallikrein and plasmin influences strongly the FN quantitation by electroimmunoassay (EIA) and immunoturbidimetric assay (ITA). Proteolytic degradation led to an overestimation of FN by EIA but to a decline of results in ITA (Thromb.Haemostas., 53:377, 1985). In this study plasma FN was determined in parallel by EIA and ITA in adult patients with acute leukaemia prior to chemotherapy and in patients treated with SK for DVT. It has been assumed that in leukaemias leukocytic proteases can degrade FN. In 24 control subjects, mean values of plasma FN determined by EIA (285 ± 61 mg/1) and by ITA (268 ± 61 mg/1) did not differ. In contrast, significantly higher values were found by EIA (268 ± 100 mg/1) than by ITA ( 214 ± 65 mg/1, p < 0.01) in 38 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and in 12 with blast crisis (BC) in chronic granulocytic leukaemia (245±73 mg/1 and 182 ± 46 mg/1 respectively, p < 0.05). Difference in results of two assays in 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was not significant. A decrease in plasma FN when compared with controls was detected only by ITA but not by EIA in AML and BC (p < 0.001). The results of two immunoassays showed a high correlation in control group (r = 0.940) and in ALL (r = 0.838), lower in BC (r = 0.570) and poor in AML (r = 0.163). Discrepant were also results of parallel FN determination by EIA ai]dTJTA in 4 patients treated with SK. Higher values of EIA than of ITA could indicate plasmin mediated FN proteolysis. We have not confirmed recent reports on a frequent occurrence in leukaemias of slowly migrating peak of plasma FN complexes in two-dimensional crossed Immunoelectrophoresis. Such peaks were detected in only 3 of the 46 examined plasma samples. In conclusion the parallel FN determination by EIA and ITA can provide an ’ indirect evidence for the occurrence of proteolytic degradation of plasma FN in vivo.
Informes sobre el tema "615.107 24"
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J, Ramos, Novillo F, Nava D, Ávila C, Rojas AM, Veloso V, Rada G y Verdugo-Paiva F. In patients with acute COVID-19, should remdesivir be used compared to placebo? Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, septiembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.83ffa48119.
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Objective The aim of this living systematic review is to provide a summary of the effects of remdesivir in the of people with acute covid-19. Methods Eligible studies were randomised trials evaluating the effect of remdesivir versus placebo or no treatment. We conducted searches in COVID-19 L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform, a system that performs regular searches in databases, trial registries, preprint servers and websites relevant to COVID-19. All the searches covered the period until 06/23/2023. No date or language restrictions were applied. Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data on study characteristics, methods, outcomes, and risk of bias, using a predesigned, standardised form. We performed meta-analyses using random-effect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using the GRADE approach. Results Our search strategy yielded 897 references. 10 randomized controlled trials reported in 15 references met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The relative risk of mortality was 0.91 (95% CI 0.83 - 1.00). This means remdesivir reduced the risk of mortality in 9%, compared with placebo or no treatment. In the studies identified in this review 760 people not receiving remdesivir out of 5372 presented the outcome Mortality (141 per 1000) versus 732 out of 5790 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -12.22 per 1000 (from -24 to 0). In other words, -12.22 per 1000 (from -24 to 0) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as low. The estimated absolute effect, -12.22 per 1000 (from -24 to 0), falls in the range of an effect of small magnitude. The relative risk of mechanical ventilation requirement was 0.62 (95% CI 0.40 - 0.94). This means placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation requirement by 38%, compared with . In the studies identified in this review 710 people not receiving placebo or no treatment out of 4539 presented the outcome Mechanical ventilation requirement (156 per 1000) versus 616 out of 4920 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -60.11 per 1000 (from -93 to -10). In other words, -60.11 per 1000 (from -93 to -10) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as low. The estimated absolute effect, -60.11 per 1000 (from -93 to -10), falls in the range of an effect of moderate magnitude. The relative risk of serious adverse events was 0.75 (95% CI 0.60 - 0.92). This means reduced the risk of serious adverse events by 25%, compared with . In the studies identified in this review 266 people not receiving out of 1266 presented the outcome Serious adverse events (210 per 1000) versus 266 out of 1665 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -53.38 per 1000 (from -84 to -16). In other words, -53.38 per 1000 (from -84 to -16) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as moderate. The estimated absolute effect, -53.38 per 1000 (from -84 to -16), falls in the range of an effect of moderate magnitude. Conclusions Remdesivir may result in a slight reduction in mortality. Remdesivir may result in a reduction in mechanical ventilation requirement. Remdesivir probably results in a reduction in serious adverse events.
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J, Ramos, Novillo F, Nava D, Ávila C, Rojas AM, Veloso V, Rada G y Verdugo-Paiva F. In patients with acute COVID-19, should remdesivir be used compared to placebo? Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, septiembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.83ffa48119.v1.
Texto completoResumen
Objective The aim of this living systematic review is to provide a summary of the effects of remdesivir in the of people with acute covid-19. Methods Eligible studies were randomised trials evaluating the effect of remdesivir versus placebo or no treatment. We conducted searches in COVID-19 L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform, a system that performs regular searches in databases, trial registries, preprint servers and websites relevant to COVID-19. All the searches covered the period until 06/23/2023. No date or language restrictions were applied. Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data on study characteristics, methods, outcomes, and risk of bias, using a predesigned, standardised form. We performed meta-analyses using random-effect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using the GRADE approach. Results Our search strategy yielded 897 references. 10 randomized controlled trials reported in 15 references met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The relative risk of mortality was 0.91 (95% CI 0.83 - 1.00). This means remdesivir reduced the risk of mortality in 9%, compared with placebo or no treatment. In the studies identified in this review 760 people not receiving remdesivir out of 5372 presented the outcome Mortality (141 per 1000) versus 732 out of 5790 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -12.22 per 1000 (from -24 to 0). In other words, -12.22 per 1000 (from -24 to 0) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as low. The estimated absolute effect, -12.22 per 1000 (from -24 to 0), falls in the range of an effect of small magnitude. The relative risk of mechanical ventilation requirement was 0.62 (95% CI 0.40 - 0.94). This means placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation requirement by 38%, compared with . In the studies identified in this review 710 people not receiving placebo or no treatment out of 4539 presented the outcome Mechanical ventilation requirement (156 per 1000) versus 616 out of 4920 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -60.11 per 1000 (from -93 to -10). In other words, -60.11 per 1000 (from -93 to -10) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as low. The estimated absolute effect, -60.11 per 1000 (from -93 to -10), falls in the range of an effect of moderate magnitude. The relative risk of serious adverse events was 0.75 (95% CI 0.60 - 0.92). This means reduced the risk of serious adverse events by 25%, compared with . In the studies identified in this review 266 people not receiving out of 1266 presented the outcome Serious adverse events (210 per 1000) versus 266 out of 1665 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -53.38 per 1000 (from -84 to -16). In other words, -53.38 per 1000 (from -84 to -16) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as moderate. The estimated absolute effect, -53.38 per 1000 (from -84 to -16), falls in the range of an effect of moderate magnitude. Conclusions Remdesivir may result in a slight reduction in mortality. Remdesivir may result in a reduction in mechanical ventilation requirement. Remdesivir probably results in a reduction in serious adverse events.
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Sakhare, Rahul Suryakant, Howell Li, Jijo K. Mathew, Jairaj Desai, Deborah Horton y Darcy M. Bullock. Indiana Interstate Speed Profiles 2018–2022. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317589.
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Systemwide interstate performance measures that detail hours and location of congestion on an interstate provide important information for decision makers to plan capital projects and assess operations. This report presents summary of mile-hours of congestion across 8 Indiana interstates and the Indiana toll road. Hours of operation by speed bins (0 to 14 mph, 15 mph to 24 mph, 25 mph to 34 mph, 35 mph to 44 mph, 45 mph to 54 mph, 55 mph to 64 mph, more than 65 mph) for every 0.1 mile of the interstates across a month were tabulated for every hour of every day during the month. The quantities of those six different speed bins are plotted as a stacked bar plot from lower to higher speeds by mile marker for each month. The vertical axis shows the mile marker of the interstate. Horizontally, these stacked bars are cropped at maximum of 250 hours (a little more than 10 days) per month to focus on the lower speeds. To produce these plots, approximately 60 billion records from INRIX across 5 years were analyzed. These speed profiles help identify areas with congestion at system level as well as regions impacted by severe winter storms and construction projects.
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Zhu, Xian-Kui, Tom McGaughy y Brian Leis. PR-185-163609-R01 Model Error Assessment for Pipeline Metal-loss Defects Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), julio de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011506.
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This project included seven, full-scale burst tests conducted on a single grade and size of pipe to evaluate a metal-loss defect assessment model developed under EWI Project No. 54922CSP, "Assessment of Corrosion Model Error for Metal Loss Defects in Pipelines" (PRCI Project EC-2-6). The goal of the modeling and full-scale test efforts was to minimize error and reduce the conservatism of Level-1 corrosion assessment models, with the eventual benefit of potentially reducing unwarranted maintenance efforts without increasing operator risk. Seven tests were performed on a recent vintage of API 5L X70M (L485M) grade pipe having an outside diameter of 24 in. (610 mm) and nominal wall thickness of 0.50 in. (12.7 mm). The seven test pipes contained machined flat-bottomed defects for which the Shape Factor is 1, to focus on the role of the planar defect size and its depth and avoid the complexities of river-bottom shaped defects that are beyond the current scope. Defect lengths ranged between 3 and le; L/(Dt)0.5 and le; 10, at bounding values of width taken at arc angles of 20 and 60 degrees, and depth at d/t of 30% and 80%. The simulated corrosion was centered in pups approximately 12 ft (~3.7 m) in length, which is sufficient to prevent any interaction between the end caps with the defects. The pipes were then end-capped and pressurized with water to failure. The actual failure pressures were evaluated relative to predictions based on the model developed in EC-2-7 coupled with the reference stress developed in PRCI Project EC-2-6.
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Holmgren, Kerstin, Nuno Prista y Magnus Dahlberg. Revidering av miljöövervakningen i trendsjöar : färre nät eller färre provfisken? Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.8ev6iu5kr4.
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Sedan år 2007 utförs standardiserade provfisken med nordiska översiktsnät (SS-EN 14757) i knappt hälften av de så kallade trendsjöarna inom nationell miljöövervakning. 15 sjöar provfiskas varje år och 30 vart 6-e år, med 8-48 bottennät och 0-10 pelagiska nät, beroende på sjöns area och djup. Vi utredde om det går att upptäcka skillnader mellan år med färre nät och trender över tid med glesare än årlig frekvens. I så fall ryms fler sjöar inom oförändrad budget, och nuvarande sjöar kan behållas om budgeten minskar. Dessutom ska svenska myndigheter ska sträva efter att minska onödigt lidande och dödande i förhållande till nyttan vid användningen av försöksdjur, i enlighet med principen 3R (reduce, refine, replace). I denna rapport fokuserade vi på konsekvenser för kvaliteten på insamlade data genom; 1. ett minskat antal lagda nät vid ett givet provfiske, 2. en minskad frekvens till vart annat år för sjöar som idag provfiskas varje år. Dessutom indikerade vi hur kostnader (antal fältdagar) kan påverkas av förändrad nätläggning i tid och rum. Med begränsad tid till punkt 1 analyserades data från en sjö (Stensjön), som grund till senare analyser för andra sjöar. Vi använde en beräkningsmetod ifrån tidigare optimering av kustfiskövervakningen, modifierad för beräkning av artspecifik fångst per ansträngning (antal och biomassa) och de indikatorer som ingår i tre multimetriska fiskindex som används i bedömning av ekologisk status enligt ramdirektivet för vatten. Via bootstrap gjordes 10000 slumpmässiga urval av åtta nät vardera i tre djupstrata (standard för en sjö av Stensjöns storlek), för varje år under 1994- 2021. Därefter upprepades proceduren med sju, sex, fem och fyra nät per djupstratum och år. Med nuvarande nätansträngning uppfylldes målet att särskilja skillnader på 100% mellan år i ansträngning mellan år för de vanligaste fiskarterna i sjön och för alla indikatorer i bedömningsgrunderna. I just denna sjö skulle vi ha upptäckt skillnader mellan år med de lägsta och de högsta observerade värdena även om vi bara hade lagt sex eller fler nät per djupstratum. För punkt 2 analyserades befintliga dataserier från 15 sjöar som nu provfiskas varje år. Ickeparametriska trendtester visade att med provfisken vart annat år var sannolikheten lägre att vi skulle ha upptäckt ökningar eller minskningar över tid jämfört med provfisken varje år. Några åldersbaserade indikatorer kunde dock beräknas för alla år, även på urval av prover tagna vart annat år. Med provtagning vart annat år kunde en ökande trend i abborrens storlek upptäckas för 61% av signifikanta trender med provtagning varje år. För de vanligaste arterna abborre och mört kunde vi i 74 respektive 68 % av jämförelserna upptäcka samma starka eller svaga årsklasser med prover från vartannat som med prover från alla år. Hypotetiska beräkningar indikerade att flest fältdagar (195) skulle frigöras per sexårsperiod om 15 sjöar med årligt provfiske istället provfiskas vart annat år. Det skulle kunna motsvara provfiske en gång vart sjätte år i många av de trendsjöar som idag saknar provfiske. 57 fältdagar skulle frigöras om frekvensen halverades i de fyra sjöar som bara har årliga provfisken sedan 2007. Minskning med en fältdag per provfiske i sjöar med en ansträngning på minst 24 nät motsvarar 68 frigjorda fältdagar. Alla reduktioner av antal lagda nät skulle leda till färre dödade fiskar per sjö och sexårsperiod, i linje med 3R-strategin. Sjöar med årligt provfiske ger viktig information om mellanårsvariation, som behövs för att tolka resultat från sjöar med glesare provfiskefrekvens, i den nationella miljöövervakningen och i program som drivs av andra aktörer. Ur detta perspektiv är det klokast att försöka minska antal nät per provfiske, om det kan göras med godtagbar kvalitetssänkning. En sådan bedömning behöver göras för varje sjö, t.ex. med den metod som i detta projekt anpassades till data från Stensjön.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara y Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), octubre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.
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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath y Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), enero de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.
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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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MGR Monthly Infographics Report: May 2023. Microgovernance Research Initiative (MGR), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57189/mgrinfmay23.
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A total of 1869 violent incidents occurred in May 2023 which is 9% more than the previous month. The incidents are mostly triggered by politics, access to resources, and other socio-economic factors. More than 282 deaths and 1441 injuries have been recorded from these incidents. Around 3285 people have been arrested in May connected to violent incidents. Some 116 properties have been destroyed in the same time. The highest number of violent incidents have been recorded as clashes and attacks (437). Some 388 incidents of political violence and 39 incidents of electoral violence were also recorded at the same time and 24 deaths were directly triggered by politics. Geographically, Dhaka (400) scores the highest number of violence followed by Chittagong (358), Rajshahi (287), and Khulna (247). Among 198 protests in Bangladesh, 127 protests were triggered by politics. 12.32% of protests were done by BNP while Awami League organized 30.07% of protests in May. While some 42.83% of political violence contributed by Bangladesh Awami League & affiliates, similarly, 20.11% contributed by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). Intra-party violence within the Awami League experienced a significant upsurge in May 2023 in comparison to April. Notably, the involvement of the Awami League as a violent actor increased 88 percent from the previous month. Whereas 61% incidents were rural, 39% violence incidents took place in urban areas in May. The month of May also witnessed a surge in electoral violence due to ongoing union parishad and city corporation elections in various parts of Bangladesh. Additionally, a greater number of protests and demonstrations were observed during this month compared to the preceding one.