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1
Huwer, Jan Henning. "Experimental tools for quantum networking operations with single photons and sinlge ions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144556.
Texto completoResumen
One promising approach for future quantum networks is the combination of strings of trapped ions as quantum-information processors with entangled photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) to establish quantum communication links between distant
processing units.
This work reports on experiments using a hybrid quantum-optics set-up, comprising two separate linear ion traps and a resonant SPDC photon-pair source. It demonstrates the controlled interaction of single entangled photon pairs with a single trapped 40Ca+ ion. Preparing the ion as polarization selective absorber in the main polarization bases allows for the reconstruction of the biphoton quantum state, manifesting the photon entanglement in the absorption process.
Beyond that, the thesis documents the implementation of additional experimental tools enabling quantum state transfer experiments from photons to single ions. A dedicated narrowbandwidth laser system is set up, laser sequences are developed for state discrimination and state rotations of ion qubits, and for the creation and characterization of coherent superposition states, of particular importance for state-transfer schemes. Finally, detection efficiencies of single Raman photons emitted by an ion are characterized with a well controlled single-photon source, and absorption probabilities of single photons are determined with a calibrated laser beam, providing precise values to assess efficiencies for different transfer scenarios.Un enfoque prometedor para futuras redes cuánticas es la combinación de iones atrapados con pares de fotones entrelazados que se generan por el proceso SPDC (Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion). Los iones atrapados se utilizarán como procesadores de información cuántica. Los pares de fotones permitirán el establecimiento de enlaces de comunicación cuántica entre unidades de procesamiento distantes. En el transcurso de este trabajo, que se situa en el marco de la óptica cuántica, se han combinado dos implementaciones experimentales independientes para la realización de un experimento híbrido. Las dos partes del experimento corresponden con dos trampas de iones lineales separadas y con una fuente de pares de fotones resonantes creados por SPDC. En este experimento se demuestra la interacción controlada de pares de fotones individuales entrelazados con un ión atrapado individual de 40Ca+. La preparación del ión como absorbente selectivo de polarización en las bases de polarización principales permite la reconstrucción del estado cuántico de los pares de fotones, manifestando así su entrelazamiento a través del proceso de absorción. Además, en la tesis presente se documenta la implementación de herramientas experimentales adicionales que permitirán experimentos de transferencia de estados cuánticos de fotones a iones individuales. Así mismo, se describe el montaje de un sistema láser acondicionado con ancho de banda estrecho. Adicionalmente, se desarrollan secuencias de láser para la discriminación y la rotación de estados de qubits de iones y, para la creación y caracterización de estados de superposición coherente, especialmente importantes para varios esquemas de transferencia de estado. Por último, se caracterizan las eficiencias de detección de fotones individuales Raman emitidos por un ión con una fuente de fotones individuales bien controlada, así como también se determinan las probabilidades de absorción de fotones individuales con una fuente láser calibrada. Los valores precisos obtenidos servirán para la evaluación de la eficiencia de diferentes esquemas de transferencia.
Ein mögliches System für zukünftige Quantennetzwerke ist die Verknüpfung gefangener Ionen als Quanteninformationsprozessoren mit durch SPDC (Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion) erzeugten verschränkten Photonenpaaren zum Aufbau von Quantenkommunikationskanälen. Diese Dissertation behandelt Experimente an einem hybriden Quantenoptikaufbau, bestehend aus zwei separaten linearen Ionenfallen und einer SPDC-Photonenpaarquelle. Sie zeigt die kontrollierte Wechselwirkung einzelner verschränkter Photonenpaare mit einem einzelnen 40Ca+ Ion. Durch Präparation des Ions als polarisationsselektiven Absorber in den drei Hauptpolarisationsbasen, wird der Zwei-Photonen-Quantenzustand rekonstruiert und somit über den Absorptionsprozess die Verschränkung der Photonenpaare nachgewiesen. Überdies dokumentiert die Arbeit die Einrichtung zusätzlicher Methoden, welche den Zustandstransfer von Photonen auf einzelne Ionen ermöglichen. Ein schmalbandiges Lasersystem wird aufgebaut, Lasersequenzen für Zustandsbestimmung und Zustandsrotationen von Ionen-Qubits und zur Erzeugung und Charakterisierung kohärenter Superpositionszustände werden entwickelt. Ferner werden mit Hilfe einer Einzelphotonenquelle Nachweiseffizienzen für einzelne, von einem Ion erzeugte, Raman-Photonen gemessen und Absorptionseffizienzen einzelner Photonen mit einer kalibrierten Laserquelle charakterisiert. Die ermittelten Werte bilden eine solide Grundlage zur Abschätzung von Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeiten geplanter Transferschemata.
2
Theuerkauf, Ulrike. "Ethno-embedded institutionalism : the impact of institutional repertoires on ethnic violence". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/535/.
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Hitherto, the relationships between political institutions and ethnopolitical (in)stability typically have been analysed by investigating the effects of single, formal political institutions such as electoral systems or state structures (see e.g. Reynolds 2002; Roeder and Rothchild 2005). My doctoral thesis criticises this research focus on two different yet equally relevant accounts: First, the tendency to single out the effects of individual institutions is based on the implicit – and as I claim: wrong – assumption that political institutions can be treated as separate entities and that it is only of secondary relevance of which broader set of institutions they form part. Second, despite studies which highlight the relevance of informal political institutions (see e.g. Sisk and Stefes 2005; Varshney 2002), they have received far less attention in the academic debate so far. ‘Ethno-Embedded Institutionalism’ describes a new approach to the study of institutional incentives for ethnic violence which goes beyond the mere focus on single, formal political institutions by highlighting the effects of both institutional combinations and informal political institutions on the risk of ethnic civil war. To test the relevance of ‘Ethno-Embedded Institutionalism’, I use a grievance-based explanation of intrastate violence and binary time-series-cross-section analysis based on a personally designed dataset that covers 174 countries between 1955 and 2007. I present statistical evidence that high levels of corruption on the one hand, and institutional combinations of presidentialism, a majoritarian electoral system for the legislature and a unitary state structure on the other increase the risk of large-scale ethnic violence. Overall, my thesis contributes to the academic debate in three relevant regards: i) by conceptualising and testing Ethno-Embedded Institutionalism; ii) by describing a grievance-based explanation of large-scale ethnic violence which clearly identifies the key values of political representation; and iii) by presenting the EEI Dataset as the first comprehensive data source for the systematic statistical analysis of institutional incentives for ethnic civil war.
3
Sciberras, Colette. "Buddhist philosophy and the ideals of environmentalism". Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/535/.
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I examine the consistency between contemporary environmentalist ideals and Buddhist philosophy, focusing, first, on the problem of value in nature. I argue that the teachings found in the Pāli canon cannot easily be reconciled with a belief in the intrinsic value of life, whether human or otherwise. This is because all existence is regarded as inherently unsatisfactory, and all beings are seen as impermanent and insubstantial, while the ultimate spiritual goal is often viewed, in early Buddhism, as involving a deep renunciation of the world. Therefore, the discussion focuses mostly on the Mahāyāna vehicle, which, I suggest has better resources for environmentalism because enlightenment and the ordinary world are not conceived as antithetical. Still, many contemporary green ideas do not sit well with classical Mahāyāna doctrines. Mahāyāna philosophers coincide in equating ultimate reality with ‘emptiness,’ and propose knowledge of this reality as a final soteriological purpose. Emptiness is generally said to be ineffable, and to involve the negation of all views. An important question is how to reconcile environmentalism with the relinquishing of views. I consider several prevalent themes in environmentalism, including the philosophy of ‘Oneness,’ and other systems that are often compared with Buddhism, like process thought. Many of these turn out to have more in common with an extreme view that Buddhism seeks to avoid, namely, eternalism. I attempt to outline an environmental position that, like the doctrine of emptiness, traverses a Middle Path between eternalism and nihilism. I conclude by proposing that emptiness could be regarded as the source of value in nature, if it is seen in its more positive aspect, as ‘pliancy.’ This would imply that what Buddhist environmentalists should seek to protect is not any being in its current form, nor any static natural system, but the possibility of adaptation and further evolution.
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Paisley, Jonathan. "Application and network traffic correlation of grid applications". Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/535/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2006.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Zanchetti, Chiara. "Il progetto "Cielo e Terra" per la realizzazione di un parco didattico sull'utilizzo di fonti energetiche rinnovabili a Sasso Marconi (BO)". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/535/.
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Wreglesworth, John. "The chronicle of Alfonson III and its significance for the historiography of the Asturian Kingdom 718-910 AD". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/535/.
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The Asturian kingdom provided the earliest organised resistance in the Iberian peninsula to the Muslim invaders who overthrew the Visigothic state at the start of the 8th century. Information on the origins of the Asturian kingdom is regrettably sparse. Historians of the kingdom are totally reliant on a late 9th-century cycle of Asturian chronicles associated with the royal court, the most substantial of which is the Chronicle of Alfonso III. This work has survived in two fundamental recensions from the 10th century. Historians' gratitude for its existence is tinged with frustration at its readily apparent weaknesses, such as a chronological imprecision on events and an enigmatic brevity in the commentary. This thesis considers the 9th-century Asturian chronicles in the context of their own time. In particular, it examines the Chronicle of Alfonso III not as a disappointing source which fails to yield to modern scholars the information they crave on this obscure period of early Spanish history, but, rather, as an expression of the aims of a medieval author and his copyists. The Chronicle was the product of scarce and valuable resources. Its author, within the limits of his literary ability and source of information, transmitted a message which interacted with the individual understanding of its intended audience. This shift of emphasis in analysing the Chronicle of Alfonso III rests on the assumption that its original text may be recognised in the later recensions which used it, by addition or omission, as a vehicle for their own interests.
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Pallotti, Adolfo <1974>. "Ricerca di Listeria monocytogenes nella macellazione dei suini". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/535/.
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Betancur, Lopera Rafael. "Photon control in nano-structured organic photovoltaic materials". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128967.
Texto completoResumen
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology has emerged as a potential cost-effective solution to produce electrical energy. The foreseen low manufacturing costs combined with features as semi-transparency or mechanical flexibility give to OPV devices a strong potential for industrial applicability. However, the commercial implementation of this technology faces the challenge of increasing the relatively low power
conversion efficiency of the current state-of-the-art OPV devices. This thesis presents an optical based approach to enhance the performance of OPV devices by effectively controlling sunlight photons. Such control is possible because of the coherent
interaction between light and the multilayered structure constituting the OPV device.
Accordingly, we studied the dependence of the optical field distribution inside the solar cell relative to the optical properties of the different layers including their refractive index , extinction coefficient , and thickness. This optical study led to the prediction of optimal OPV device structures. The first implementation of a photon control was done by changing the relative thicknesses of the different layers in the device. An optimal combination of thicknesses was found and confirmed experimentally. A significant reduction of the energy lost in the device was
demonstrated. As a consequence, the photon harvesting improved, which led to a close matching between the external and internal quantum efficiencies in a broad wavelength range. A second photon control strategy to enhance the performance of OPV cells was implemented by modifying the complex refractive index of the nonactive device layers. Both and were changed in specific layers by considering new materials. Three different cases were considered: in the first example a BCP layer was used to replace calcium as electron transporting layer. The parasitic absorption induced by the highly absorptive calcium layer was diminished almost to zero after replacing this layer with BCP, a material whose extinction coefficient is null for a broad wavelength range. A 19% performance enhancement was demonstrated. In the second example, an ultrathin nickel oxide layer was used to replace the commonly used PEDOT layer as hole transporting layer. Very thin layers of nickel oxide could be used for a better photon distribution and harvesting in the photoactive layer. In the last case, a metallic cupper/nickel semi-transparent electrode was used to replace an ITO electrode. This new metallic electrode in combination with the back aluminum electrode enabled the formation of an optical cavity which resulted in a stronger
localization of the field in the active layer.
Finally, several of the concepts considered above to effectively localize the field in the active layer were used in conjunction with a photonic structure integrated in the OPV architecture to achieve an optically optimized semi-transparent OPV device. In particular, a one-dimensional non-periodic photonic crystal was designed and added to a semi-transparent OPV device in order to re-harvest UV and IR photons while
keeping a high transmission for the visible photons. A power conversion efficiency enhancement larger than 56% was achieved while maintaining the device luminosity around 30%. An additional feature of the integration of such photonic crystal was the possibility of tuning the color transmitted by the device which was also demonstrated.
In summary, in this thesis we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that optics plays a very relevant role for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of OPV devices. The methods presented are perfectly compatible with a more oriented material science approach to achieve the final objective of obtaining a performance-competitive OPV technology.La tecnología fotovoltaica orgánica (OPV) ha surgido como una solución potencial rentable para producir energía eléctrica. Los bajos costos de manufactura previstos combinados con propiedades como semi-transparencia o flexibilidad mecánica le dan a los dispositivos OPV un gran potencial de ser aplicados industrialmente. Sin embargo, la implementación comercial de esta tecnología se enfrenta al reto de incrementar la relativamente baja eficiencia de los dispositivos OPV del estado del arte. Esta tesis presenta una aproximación óptica para aumentar la eficiencia de los dispositivos OPV mediante un control efectivo de los fotones de la radiación solar. Tal control es posible debido a la interacción coherente entre la luz y la estructura de multi-capas que constituye el dispositivo OPV. Consecuentemente, en esta tesis se estudia la dependencia de la distribución del campo óptico dentro de la celda solar con las propiedades ópticas de las diferentes capas. Entre esas propiedades se incluyen el índice de refracción , el coeficiente de extinción y espesor de cada una de las capas. Este estudio óptico ha permitido predecir estructuras óptimas para los dispositivos OPV. La primera implementación del control de fotones fue hecha al cambiar los espesores relativos de las diferentes capas en el dispositivo. Una combinación óptima fue encontrada y confirmada experimentalmente. Una reducción significativa de la energía perdida por reflexión especular fue demostrada y como consecuencia, la recolección de fotones fue mejorada lo cual condujo a la concordancia entre las eficiencias cuánticas externa e internas en un amplio rango de longitudes de onda. Una segunda estrategia de control de fotones para mejorar el desempeño de los dispositivos OPV fue implementada tras modificar las propiedades ópticas de las capas en el dispositivo distintas a la capa activa. Tanto como fueron cambiados en capas específicas tras considerar nuevos materiales. Tres casos diferentes fueron considerados: en el primer caso, una capa de BCP fue usada para reemplazar el calcio como capa transportadora de electrones. La absorción parásita inducida por el elvevado coeficiente de extinción de la capa de calcio fue reducida casi hasta cero tras reemplazar esta capa con una de BCP, un material cuyo coeficiente de absorción es prácticamente cero para un amplio rango de longitudes de onda. Se demostró un aumento en el desempeño de los dispositivos de hasta el 19%. En el segundo ejemplo, una capa ultra-delgada de óxido de níquel fue usada para reemplazar la comúnmente empelada capa de PEDOT como capa transportadora de huecos. Estas capas de óxido de níquel permitieron una mejor distribución y recolección de fotones en la capa foto-activa. En el último caso, un electrodo semi-transparente hecho de cobre/níquel fue usado para reemplazar un electrodo de ITO. Este nuevo electrodo metálico en combinación con el electrodo de aluminio posterior del dispositivo permitió la formación de una cavidad óptica la cual resultó en una mayor localización del campo en la capa activa. Finalmente, varios de los conceptos considerados anteriormente para localizar efectivamente el campo en la capa activa fueron usados en combinación con una estructura fotónica integrada en la estructura para obtener un dispositivo OPV semitransparente ópticamente optimizado. Concretamente, un cristal fotónico unodimensional no-periódico fue diseñado y añadido al dispositivo OPV semi-trasparente con la intención de recolectar fotones UV e IR y al tiempo manteniendo una alta transmisión de los fotones visibles. Una mejora en el desempeño de los dispositivos superior al 56% fue obtenida preservando la luminosidad del dispositivo alrededor del 30%. Una propiedad adicional aportada por la integración de tales cristales fotónicos fue la posibilidad de modular el color transmitido por el dispositivo lo cual fue también demostrado. En síntesis, en esta tesis se demostró experimental y teóricamente que la óptica juega un papel relevante para aumentar la eficiencia de los dispositivos OPV. Los métodos presentados son perfectamente compatibles con la aproximación que se realiza desde la perspectiva de la ciencia de los materiales al objetivo final de obtener una tecnología OPV competitiva.
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Gieseler, Jan. "Dynamics of optically levitated nanoparticles in high vacuum". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144555.
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Nanotechnology was named one of the key enabling technologies by the European Commission and its tremendous impact was envisioned early by 20th century physicist R.Feynman in his now oft-quoted talk "Plenty of Room at the bottom". Nanotechnology and nanoscience deal with structures barely visible with an optical microscope, yet much bigger than simple molecules. Matter at this mesoscale is often awkward to explore as it contains too many atoms to be easily understood by straightforward application of quantum mechanics (although the fundamental laws still apply). Yet, these systems are not so large as to be completely free of quantum effects; thus, they do not simply obey the classical physics governing the macroworld. It is precisely in this intermediate regime, the mesoworld, that unforeseen properties of collective systems emerge. To fully exploit the potential of nanotechnology, a thorough understanding of these properties is paramount.
The objective of the present thesis is to investigate and to control the dynamics of an optically levitated particle in high vacuum, a system which belongs to the broader class of nanomechanical oscillators. Nanomechanical oscillators exhibit high resonance frequencies, diminished active masses, low power consumption and high quality factors - significantly higher than those of electrical circuits. These attributes make them suitable for sensing, transduction and signal processing. Furthermore, nanomechanical systems are expected to open up investigations of the quantum behavior of mesoscopic systems. Testing the predictions of quantum theory on macroscopic scales is one of today's outstanding challenges of modern physics and addresses fundamental questions on our understanding of the world.
The state-of-the-art in nanomechanics itself has exploded in recent years, driven by a combination of interesting new systems and vastly improved fabrication capabilities. Despite major break-throughs, including ground state cooling, observation of radiation pressure shot noise, squeezing and demonstrated ultra-high force and mass sensitivity, difficulties in reaching ultra-high mechanical quality (Q) factors still pose a major limitation for many of the envisioned applications and significant improvements in mechanical quality (Q) factors are generally needed to facilitate quantum coherent manipulation. This is difficult given that many mechanical systems are approaching fundamental limits of dissipation. To overcome the limitations set by dissipation, I developed an experiment to trap and cool nanoparticles in high vacuum. The combination of nanoparticles and vacuum trapping results in a very light and ultra-high-Q mechanical oscillator. In fact, the Q-factor achieved with this setup is the highest observed so far in any nano- or micromechanical system.
The scope of the thesis ranges from a detailed description of the experimental apparatus and proof-of-principle experiments (parametric feedback cooling) to the first observation of phenomena owing to the unique parameters of this novel optomechanical system (thermal nonlinearities). Aside from optomechanics and optical trapping, the topics covered include the dynamics of complex (nonlinear) systems and the study of fluctuation theorems, the latter playing a pivotal role in statistical physics.
Optically trapped nanoparticles are just beginning to emerge as a new class of optomechanical systems. Owing to their unique mechanical properties, there is clearly a vast and untapped potential for further research. Primary examples of how levitated particles in high vacuum can impact other fields and inspire new research avenues have been the first observation of thermal nonlinearities in a mechanical oscillator and the study of fluctuation relations with a high-Q nanomechanical resonator. Based on recent progress in the field, a plethora of fundamental research opportunities and novel applications are expected to emerge as this still young field matures.
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Svozilík, Jiŕí. "Photonic entanglement : new sources and new applications". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284225.
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Non-classical correlations, usually referred as entanglement, are ones of the most studied and discussed features of Quantum Mechanics, since the initial introduction of the concept in the decade of 1930s. Even nowadays, a lot of efforts, both theoretical and experimental, are devoted in this topic, that covers many distinct areas of physics, such as a quantum computing, quantum measurement, quantum communications, solid state physics, chemistry and even biology. The fundamental tasks that one should consider related to the entanglement are:
-How to create quantum entangled states.
-How to maintain entanglement during propagation against sources of decoherence.
-How to effectively detect it.
-How to employ the benefits that entanglement offers.
This thesis, divided into four chapters, concentrates on the first and last tasks considered above.
In Chapter 1, a brief introduction and overview of what it is entanglement is given, starting with the famous paper of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, and continuing with John Bell's formulation of the so-called Bell's inequalities. We define here general concepts about entangled quantum states and introduce important entanglement measures, that are later used all over the thesis. In this chapter, sources of entangled particles (namely photons) are also mentioned. The importance is put on sources based on the nonlinear process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The last part of this chapter is then dedicated to a list of applications that benefit from the use of engangled states.
Chapter 2 is devoted to the systematic study of the generation of entangled and non-entangled photon pairs in semiconductor Bragg reflection waveguides. Firstly, we present a source of photon pairs with a spectrally uncorrelated two-photon amplitude, achieved by a proper tailoring of the geometrical and material dispersions via structural design of waveguides. Secondly, Bragg reflection waveguides are designed in a scuh way, that results in the generation of spectrally broadband paired photons entangled in the polarization degree of freedom. Finally, we present experimental results of entangled photon pairs generation in this type of structures.
In Chapter 3, we explore the feasibility of the generation of photon pairs entangled in the spatial degree of freedom, i.e. in the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Firstly, we examine how to create a highly multidimensional Hilbert space using OAM modes obtained in a chipred-poled nonlinear bulk crystals. Here, we show, how an increase of the chirp of the poling can effectively increase the Schmidt number by several orders of magnitude. Secondly, we investigate periodically poled silica glass fibres with a ring-shpaed core, that are capable to support the generation of simple OAM modes.
The final Chapter 4 is dedicated to the Anderson localization and quantum random walks. At the beginning of this chapter, we present an experimental proposal for the realization of a discrete quantum random walks using the multi-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a spatial light modulator, that allows us to introduce different types of statistical or dynamical disorders. And secondly, we show how the transverse Anderson localization of partially coherent light, with a variable first-order degree of coherence, can be studied making use of entangled photon pairs.Las correlaciones cuánticas, normalmente conocidas como entanglement, son uno de los temas más estudiados y discutidos de la Mecánica Cuántica, desde la introducción del concepto en la década de 1930. Incluso hoy en día, una gran cantidad de esfuerzos, tanto teóricos como experimentales, se dedican en este tema, que cubre muchas áreas distintas de la física, tales como medición cuántica (quantum metrology), computación cuántica (quantum computing), comunicaciones cuánticas (quantum communications), física de estado sólido, química e incluso biología. Las tareas fundamentales de investigación que uno debe considerar en relación con entrelazamiento son: -Cómo crear estados cuánticos entangled. -Cómo mantener el entanglement durante la propagación, en contra de las fuentes que pueden crear de-coherencia. -Cómo emplear los beneficios que el entanglement ofrece. Esta tesis, dividida en cuatro capítulos, se centra en la primera y últimas tareas consideradas. En el capítulo 1, se da una breve introducción y una visión general de lo que es el entrelazamiento (entanglement), empezando por el famoso artículo de Einstein, Podolosky y Rosen, y continuando con la formulación de John Bell de las llamados desigualdades de Bell. Definimos aquí conceptos generales acerca de los estados cuánticos enrelazados e introducimos algunas medidas de entrelazamiento importantes, que se utilizan posteriormente a lo largo de toda la tesis. En este capítulo, algunas fuentes de partículas entrelazadas (fotones) se mencionan brevemente. La importancia se pone en fuentes basadas en el proceso no lineal de generación paramétrica espontánea (SPDC, Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion). La última parte de este capítulo está dedicado a mencionar algunas aplicaciones que se benefician de la utilización de estados entrelazados. El capítulo 2 se dedica al estudio sistemático de la generación de pares de fotones entrelazados, o no, en guías semiconductores de tipo Bragg. En primer lugar, se presenta una fuente de pares de fotones espectralmente no correlacionados, lo que se puede conseguir utilizando la geometría adecuada y la adecuada dispersión del material, a través del diseño estructural de las guías de onda. En segundo lugar, las guías de onda de Bragg se diseñan de manera que dan como resultado la generación de pares de fotones entrelazados en el grado de libertad de polarización con un ancho de banda grande. Finalmente, se presentan resultados experimentales de pares de fotones generados en este tipo de estructuras. En el capítulo 3, se explora la viabilidad de la generación de pares de fotones entrelazados en el grado espacial de libertad, es decir, en el momento angular orbital (OAM). En primer lugar, se investiga cómo crear un espacio de Hilbert altamente multidimensional utilizando modos OAM Para ello se ahce uso de materiales no lineales con chirped-qausi-phase-matching. Aquí mostramos cómo un aumento del chirp puede aumentar efectivamente el número de Schmidt en varios órdenes de magnitud. En segundo lugar, se investiga como fibras de vidrio con un núcleo en forma de anillo son capaces de generar y propagar los modos con OAM más simples. El Capítulo 4 se dedica a la localización Anderson y a los llamados paseos aleatorios cuánticos (Quantum random walks). En primer lugar se presenta una propuesta experimetnal para la realización de un paseo aleatorio discreto cuántico utilizando un interferómetro MAch-Zehnder con un modulador espacial de luz, que nos permite introducir diferentes tipos de ruido con diferentes tipos de estadística. En segundo lugar, se muestra cómo la localización transveral Anderson de luz parcialmente coherente se puede estudiar haciendo uso de pares de fotones entrelazado
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Fernandez, Luis M. "Paul Desenne’s Sonata for Violin Solo: A Theoretical and Practical Study". Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/535.
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Numerous influential composers are associated with the program known as "El Sistema" in Venezuela. Despite a richly prolific output from many of these figures, only a few are known in the United States and throughout the world. Among the most influential is Paul Desenne (b. 1959), whose Sonata for Violin Solo is the subject of this doctoral essay. Throughout his youth and musical education, Desenne was exposed to an eclectic variety of musical styles and idioms. This eclecticism influenced his compositional style from the time of his earliest compositions and is also evident in his more recent works. The Sonata for Violin Solo reflects this cultural interweaving that incorporates music from Desenne’s native Venezuela and utilizes elements from indigenous tribes, Spanish settlers, and African peoples that are combined with global musical elements. This essay explores these elements from a theoretical perspective, as well from the practical viewpoint of the performer.
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Medlin, Jenna. "A Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Development on Wetland Habitat in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina". TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/535.
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In response to growing concerns over wetland habitat loss and the associated impact on water resources, federal and state legislation has been enacted to protect vulnerable wetland habitats from the impacts of humans. In order to examine the efficacy of current coastal resource policy and its implementation, a study was conducted in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, a coastal city of the Atlantic, focusing on the quantification of wetland habitat change over time within a specific area of interest. The study incorporated an assessment of the effects of escalating population pressures and subsequent urban development on local wetland habitats due to the inherent threat of habitat degradation resulting from negligent development practices. The research methodology included a series of stakeholder interviews conducted within the Mount Pleasant community in order to define the key players who shape coastal resource policy formation, implementation, and enforcement. Further, a spatial analysis examined land use change over time. A historical record of regional land use derived from remotely sensed satellite imagery enabled the measurement of land use change over time. The results of a change detection analysis indicate an acceleration of wetland habitat loss in the second decade chosen for analysis in spite of strengthened coastal resource regulations enacted within the same time period. These results support a need for improved regulatory enforcement strategies and utilization of conservation-driven development practices.
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Komanyane, Lorato. "Factors influencing the utilization of voluntary counselling and testing services amongst employees of the Lobatse Town Council in Botswana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/535.
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In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to find out to what extent the Lobatse Town Council employees used Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) HIV and AIDS services, the reasons for using or not using the services, the preferred service providers reasons for choosing a service provider. Lastly recommendations were made on how the uptake HIV and AIDS VCT services could increased amongst the employees. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from the employees of the Lobatse Town Council, and it was established that 65.5 percent of the respondents had used VCT. Females had a higher testing participation rates than males, white collar respondents had a higher testing participation than the blue collar respondents. There was a higher rate amongst the married than the single respondents and the older ages of 30 and above than the young ages of 29 years and under. In the study it was also established that the majority of the respondents considered voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and AIDS as being important. However there were some groups that were more positive than others regarding the importance of testing. More females than males were positive regarding the importance of testing, and also amongst the employment categories the white collar respondents were more positive than the blue collar respondents regarding the importance of HIV and AIDS testing. Furthermore it was established that the most important reason for testing amongst the employees that did test for HIV and AIDS was that they felt that they needed to undergo testing before they tested. The respondents that did not test for HIV and AIDS indicated that the most important reason for not testing was that they were scared the results could not be kept confidential. The research also showed that the most preferred service provider was Tebelopele. Tebelopele was the most used and preferred service provider amongst both gender and age groups, all marital groups and the blue collar group in the employment categories. However, for the white collar group the most preferred service provider was the private practitioners. The most common reason for choosing a service provider was confidentiality and privacy. Lastly, the research makes recommendations on what needs to be done to increase the uptake of VCT HIV and AIDS testing amongst the Lobatse Town Council employees. One of the recommendations is that there was a need to educate the employees of the Lobatse Town Council and that the education should be specific for each group. For example from the group discussion the participants felt that the reason to why males did not want to utilise HIV and AIDS VCT was because they lacked knowledge on the importance of testing. Also the respondents indicated that there was a need to remove stigma and discrimination through removing confidentiality attached to HIV and AIDS. It was also, recommended that the Lobatse Town Council formulate and implements a workplace policy on HIV and AIDS
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Ortez, Garay Cristian A. "Risk Evaluation of a Mercury Containment System". FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/535.
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A probabilistic risk assessment model using GOLDSIM software was developed to evaluate the uncertainty of selected hydrological and soil parameters on mercury releases from a mercury containment system, which will be constructed within the Environmental Management Waste Management Facility in the Bear Creek Valley at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. The main objective was to determine the concentrations and risk of exceeding the drinking water standard of mercury in a selected receptor well. A series of simulations were then conducted for various design periods, with emphasis on 10,000 years to determine those concentrations and risks. Experimental data for selected parameters such as dry bulk density, partition coefficient, and porosity and infiltration rate were represented by Probability Density Functions in support of Monte Carlo analyses. A sensitivity analysis showed that concentrations and risk are, for instance, most sensitive to porosity in the unsaturated zone. The simulations suggest that all herein estimates of concentrations and risks of mercury in drinking water should be well below established limits.
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Sandu, Suwin. "Assessment of carbon tax as a policy option for reducing carbon-dioxide emissions in Australia". Electronic version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/535.
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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering.This research has analysed the economy-wide impacts of carbon tax as a policy option to reduce the rate of growth of carbon-dioxide emissions from the electricity sector in Australia. These impacts are analysed for energy and non energy sectors of the economy. An energy-oriented Input–Output framework, with ‘flexible’ production functions, based on Translog and Cobb-Douglas formulations, is employed for the analysis of various impacts. Further, two alternative conceptions of carbon tax are considered in this research, namely, based on Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) and Shared Responsibility Principle (SRP). In the first instance, the impacts are analysed, for the period 2005–2020, for tax levels of $10 and $20 per tonne of CO2, in a situation of no a-priori limit on CO2 emissions. The analysis shows that CO2 emissions from the electricity sector, when carbon tax is based on PPP, would be 211 and 152 Mt, for tax levels of $10 and $20, respectively (as compared to 250 Mt in the Base Case scenario, that is, the business-as-usual-case). The net economic costs, corresponding with these tax levels, expressed in present value terms, would be $27 and $49 billion, respectively, over the period 2005-2020. These economic costs are equivalent to 0.43 and 0.78 per cent of the estimated GDP of Australia. Further, most of the economic burden, in this instance, would fall on the electricity sector, particularly coal-fired electricity generators – large consumers of direct fossil fuel. On the other hand, in the case of a carbon tax based on SRP, CO2 emissions would be 172 and 116 Mt, for tax levels of $10 and $20, respectively. The corresponding net economic costs would be $47 (0.74 per cent of GDP) and $84 (1.34 per cent of GDP) billion, respectively, with significant burden felt by the commercial sector – large consumers of indirect energy and materials whose production would contribute to CO2 emissions. Next, the impacts are analysed by placing an a-priori limit on CO2 emissions from the electricity sector – equivalent to 108 per cent of the 1990 level (that is, 138 Mt), by the year 2020. Two cases are analysed, namely, early action (carbon tax introduced in 2005) and deferred action (carbon tax introduced in 2010). In the case of early action, the analysis suggests, carbon tax of $25 and $15, based on PPP and SRP, respectively, would be required to achieve the above noted emissions target. The corresponding tax levels in the case of deferred action are $51 and $26, respectively. This research also shows that the net economic costs, in the case of early action, would be $32 billion (for PPP) and $18 billion (for SRP) higher than those in the case of deferred action. However, this research has demonstrated, that this inference is largely due to the selection of particular indicator (that is, present value) and the relatively short time frame (that is, 2005–2020) for analysis. By extending the time frame of the analysis to the year 2040, the case for an early introduction of carbon tax strengthens. Overall, the analysis in this research suggests that an immediate introduction of carbon tax, based on SRP, is the most attractive approach to reduce the rate of growth of CO2 emissions from the electricity sector and to simultaneously meet economic and social objectives. If the decision to introduce such a tax is deferred, it would be rather difficult to achieve not only environmental objectives but economic and social objectives as well.
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Thornbrugh, Darren Jay. "Influence of stream connectance and network spatial position on fish assemblage structure in the Kansas River basin, USA". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/535.
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Lee, Michelle. "Carried Interest: Beyond Mitt Romney's Tax Returns". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/535.
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This paper discusses the rise of carried interest in investment partnerships and its controversial tax treatment; it looks into the history of private equity as well as recent literature in determining whether its current treatment is justified, and moreover, suggests further considerations with regards to the matter.
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Thomas, Dallas y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Algorithms & experiments for the protein chain lattice fitting problem". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/535.
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This study seeks to design algorithms that may be used to determine if a given lattice is
a good approximation to a given rigid protein structure. Ideal lattice models discovered
using our techniques may then be used in algorithms for protein folding and inverse protein
folding.
In this study we develop methods based on dynamic programming and branch and bound
in an effort to identify “ideal” lattice models. To further our understanding of the concepts
behind the methods we have utilized a simple cubic lattice for our analysis. The algorithms
may be adapted to work on any lattice. We describe two algorithms. One for aligning the
protein backbone to the lattice as a walk. This algorithm runs in polynomial time. The second
algorithm for aligning a protein backbone as a path to the lattice. Both the algorithms
seek to minimize the CRMS deviation of the alignment. The second problem was recently
shown to be NP-Complete, hence it is highly unlikely that an efficient algorithm exists. The
first algorithm gives a lower bound on the optimal solution to the second problem, and can
be used in a branch and bound procedure. Further, we perform an empirical evaluation of
our algorithm on proteins from the Protein Data Bank (PDB).ix, 47 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Waines, Paul Lewis. "Biofilm formation and control in a novel warm water distribution system". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/535.
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Investigations were carried out to assess biofilm formation within a model warm water distribution system (test rig) under a variety of conditions. Analysis methods included ATP-/ culture-based analysis, SEM and confocal microscopy. Molecular-based community analysis was carried out using PCR/DGGE. High pH (9.53-10.08), induced by the presence of a sacrificial anode within the water heater, had a profound inhibitive effect on the culturability of biofilm bacteria on copper (Cu) pipe within the test rig. Concurrent investigations into the effect of stagnation (varied periods of non-flushing) appeared to contradict the widely held view that stagnation is conducive to biofilm formation, with greater flushing frequencies resulting in increased biofilm. It was concluded that a higher frequency of nutrient-delivering events were largely responsible for this and that in systems where lengthier stagnation periods were employed, factors such as low oxygen and reduced nutrient levels inhibited biofilm formation on previously uncontaminated Cu pipe. Thermal purging (TP) over a 28 day period of 30 second, 12 hourly flushing at 41 °C and three-daily one minute purging with 70 °C water resulted in a 99% reduction in the culturability of biofilm bacteria on both Cu and LLDPE. However, confocal microscopical analysis of bacterial numbers indicated that 25.06% (Cu) and 21.55% (LLDPE) of the initial bacterial population remained viable. A large proportion of non-viable biofilm bacteria were also observed. Further work is therefore required in order to optimize TP within the test rig. Biofilm formation on a range of different materials; Cu, stainless steel, PEX, and EPDM, showed significantly greater biofilm development on EPDM in comparison to the other materials. Preliminary investigations of LLDPE and tap outlet fittings showed that laminar flow outlet fittings may act as reservoirs for the development and subsequent dissemination of biofilm. Molecular bacterial community structural studies of test rig biofilms clearly showed that biofilm community composition was significantly affected by both temporal and environmental factors, and varied at points within the same system. Sequencing did not provide a great insight into the composition of the bacterial communities within the test rig, and further work is required to gain a more complete picture of bacterial community diversity within the test rig. These studies show that biofilm formation within the test rig is greatly influenced by a wide variety of factors. The test rig’s unique design necessitates a cautionary approach when making comparisons with, for example, larger water distribution systems
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Ball, Jonathan. "Bioregions and future state visioning : a visually integrative approach to the presentation of information for environmental policy and management". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/535.
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This thesis explores the comparatively new philosophy of bioregionalism to see what it might have to offer the environmental management process. The foundations of bioregional philosophy stretch back into the early part of last century with roots in the thinking of the early 'anarchist geographers' such as Peter Kropotkin. Input also comes from contemporaneous regionalist planners such as Patrick Geddes and Lewis Mumford. However, it was not until the early 1970s that Alan van Newkirk coined the phrase 'Bioregion'. Since then there has been steady growth in bioregional literature that clearly aligns it to ecocentric philosophies that are embraced by social movements like "Deep Ecology". However, the most important part of bioregionalism is the bioregions construct. Whatever the philosophical inclinations of bioregionalist authors, the bioregion is presented as an identifiable entity, which is suited to be the basis for the formulation of strategy and planning and it is this that is of interest to this thesis. The basis for the study is the hypothesis that the need for a holistic approach to environmental management and planning requires more than the incremental approaches currently used, if tragedies like Easter Island are not to be repeated on a larger scale. The idea of future state visioning is taken from industry and commerce and given an environmental perspective to provide the visionary dimension required by such a holistic process. However, a visionary process is best served by a visualization tool, particularly where non-expert, community participation is deemed essential. The process of mapping bioregions is just such a tool. The proposal that bioregional mapping is suitable as a tool requires that bioregions, as a construct, are demonstrable entities, as claimed by the literature. Tberefore, a mapping exercise that allowed the testing of this principle was undertaken for Scotland as the test area. A methodology was developed, using a Geographical Information System to assist in the mapping and analysis. Statistical analysis of the resultant theoretical bioregional model showed that the bioregions had good agreement with other methods of dividing Scotland into regions. They also showed better agreement with these other regionalisations than politically defined regions. The notion that watersheds can be substituted for bioregions was rejected. Therefore, it was shown that bioregions are demonstrable entities,albeit sensitive to scale. The bioregions produced from first principles were compared to an independent qualitatively developed model, The results of this comparison reinforces a suggestion that a 'science of quantities' needs to be tempered by a 'science of qualities' when stakeholder participation and interpretation is important. The dramatic story of the social and environmental collapse of Easter Island is a metaphor for the situation facing the Earth, as a whole on the one hand, and to introduce the arguments of sustainability and regionality on the other. Easter Island is isolated, with almost no external inputs, like the Earth, but on a different scale. However, it is also a part of the Earth. From many sources, there is agreement that the natural environment of the Earth is under threat, not just on the local scale but on a global scale as well. Bioregions are proposed as a holistic way of mapping the environment to inform the future state visioning process, which is offered as a tool at the level of strategic management. Bioregional mapping and environmental future state visioning were proposed as vehicles for stakeholder participation and the recognition of cultural factors in environmental management and planning. Future work should include investigating future state visioning solutions to more localised and community focused environmental management problems. Scotland, as the subject for analysis, provides a manageable compromise between the extreme isolation and singularity of Easter Island and the multiplicity of the regions of the world. Scotland is an area that has good data on its various forms of regionality, including cultural and biogeographic regions.
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Ryan, Patricia L. "THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR THE DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF VULNERABLE PLAQUE RELATED TO HEART ATTACKS". UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/535.
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Recent medical studies have led cardiologists to revise theories regarding the cause of heart attacks. Rather than a gradual clogging of the arteries, eruption of a vulnerable plaque is thought to be the cause of approximately 75% of all heart attacks. As a result, traditional risk factors are no longer sufficient indicators of who is at risk for a heart attack. Therefore, this research investigates the willingness to pay (WTP) for a new, hypothetical detection (screening) and treatment method for vulnerable plaque. For this study, two survey instruments were developed that take advantage of the visual and interactive aspects of the Internet. Individuals report their perception of heart attack risk both prior to and after receiving new information on who cardiologists currently believe to be at risk for a heart attack. In addition, respondents are provided with information about the effectiveness and risks associated with screening and treatment. Using webbased surveys, which follow a contingent valuation format, an iterative bidding process is used to elicit the respondents WTP for either the screening or treatment method. Internet, on-line surveys are often prone to coverage bias; however, the survey valuing screening (a simple blood test) used a Knowledge Networks panel and resulted in a sample of 268 adults that is essentially representative of the general population. The survey valuing treatment (a more invasive heart catheterization procedure) was administered only to individuals with doctor-diagnosed heart problems, who are presumably more familiar with these types of medical decisions, and resulted in a sample of 295 adults. The mean for screening is $69 and the mean WTP for treatment that is 85% effective is $5,816. A two-part model is used to identify the factors that influence WTP, as well as the decision to receive the screening/treatment. The data suggests that these factors vary across genders. The data obtained for this study demonstrate construct validity; therefore, the results may provide useful information for policy analysis regarding the screening and treatment of heart attack.
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Van, der Merwe Petrus Gerhardus. "Method for the thermo-hydraulic analysis of the test facility for the PBMR reserve shutdown system / Petrus Gerhardus van der Merwe". Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/535.
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The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) is a revolutionary small, compact and safe nuclear
power plant. It operates on a direct closed Brayton cycle. One of the unique features of this
concept is its load following capability enabled by extracting or injecting of the working fluid
(in the PBMR's case Helium) from or to the system during operation.
The Reserve Shutdown System (RSS) is one of the essential subsystems of the PBMR. The
RSS is used as a maintenance and secondary shutdown system for the PBMR. Small Absorber
Spheres (SAS) containing boron are used to perform the shutdown. When shutdown is
required, the spheres flow into eight borings in the centre reflector of the reactor core. To
continue the reactor operation, the spheres are removed from the borings in the centre
reflector and transported back into the storage containers. As the RSS is a safety-related
system, the functioning and components of the system must be tested in a non-nuclear
environment, before the design can be finalized for the demonstration plant. A test set-up for
the RSS was designed and forms part of the Helium Test Facility (HTF) for the PBMR.
A method had to be identified and a process developed which can be used to perform a
thermo-hydraulic analysis and determine the specifications of the components in the test
facility that will enable the test facility to perform all the required tests at the required
conditions. This method also had to predict the performance of the test facility before the
building of the actual plant. The method of simulation was identified as the most suitable
method to perform the thermo-hydraulic analysis on the proposed test facility. The process
developed included the set-up of a thermal fluid network with the use of Flownex Nuclear, a
thermal fluid software package. With the method that was used for the thermo-hydraulic
analysis of the RSS test facility, it was possible to obtain the process data for the components
and to predict the functioning and performance of the proposed test facility. This method and
process can be used widely in the industry for the design and performance prediction of large
industrial plants and testing facilities. It can also be used in the design process of plants to
optimize the layout and performance of the plants and processes.Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Rossiter, Laura. "Who Needs Friends When There is FRIENDS? Watching Television as a Form of Social Surrogacy". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/535.
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The current study aims to fill a deficiency in the literature on the effects of watching television, particularly “happy” and “not happy” shows, on social needs. Participants will first take a survey to report their loneliness and need for social interaction. Then, they will be randomly assigned into one of four television-viewing conditions (two involving the participants watching “happy” shows and two involving participants watching “not happy” shows). After viewing three episodes, participants will be re-tested on their loneliness and need for social interaction. It is hypothesized that after watching television, participants will report feeling less lonely and less likely to seek out social interaction with a larger effect for those watching happier shows than those watching less happy shows. If the study shows a reduction in loneliness and desire for social interaction after watching television, it could suggest that television is an outlet to offer those who are lonely or lacking in social support and can ease some of their discomfort and sadness.
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De, Groot Jerome Edward Gerard. "The Royalist reader in the English Revolution". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/535.
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This thesis offers an interpretation of Royalist literature of the first civil war. It particularly addresses the importance of spatial metaphors and material realities to loyalist notions of identity and meaning.I illustrate how royalist space was predicated upon scientific and mathematical notions of authority and hierarchy, and how this sense of 'absolute space' inflected royalist conceptions of a variety of other locations: gender, society, language, the public. The thesis traces how Charles attempted to use economic, political and juridical measures to create a context in which he could impose certain sociospatial relations and structures of identity. Proclamations and royal protocols polemically reconfigured the institutional life of the country. Licensing of the presses provided a controlled textual mediation of information and fostered particular definitions of national identity. Against this background discourse Charles and his court created a model of Royalism which inflected and created social relations and in particular notions of allegiance. Modes of behaviour that seemed outside the bounds of institutionally and socially defined normality were caricatured as external, alien and other. The model of Royalism I postulate throws into new relief studies of Parliamentary texts, and restructures our thinking about allegiance, text and identity during the Civil War period. My thesis falls into two sections. The opening two chapters establish the material contexts and constraints of publication during the war. Chapter one looks in depth at the relocation of the court within the city of Oxford, considering the institutional and political manifestations of this movement. Chapter two analyses censorship and licensing, circulation and the status of text. The second part of the thesis considers a wide variety of texts published at Oxford, considering specific modes (panegyric, elegy) and forms (speeches, satires, epic, topographical verse). These works are analysed by reference to the contexts outlined in the opening section. By considering tracts, newsbooks, sermons, institutional reform, painting, poetry, hitherto unconsidered manuscript material, political theory, translation and linguistic textbooks I contextualise in depth and further our understanding of Royalist culture.
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Henderson, Iain Stewart. "A study of management development in Scottish firms". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/535.
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Araújo, Danielle Michelle Moura de. "Deuses do barro: universo do fazer em Pucará – Perú". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNILA, 2016. http://dspace.unila.edu.br/123456789/535.
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Tese apresentada à Banca do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidde Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor. Orientador: Sergio Baptista da Silva. 2010Submitted by Nilson Junior (nilson.junior@unila.edu.br) on 2016-05-24T17:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 000748158.pdf: 9045905 bytes, checksum: 8f08daa79376ab84d43c4350084d3e23 (MD5) Recibo Deposito Legal_TESE_Danielle Michelle de Araújo.pdf: 218879 bytes, checksum: 42411779e1b8b2277bf32fd7133e878c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T17:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 000748158.pdf: 9045905 bytes, checksum: 8f08daa79376ab84d43c4350084d3e23 (MD5) Recibo Deposito Legal_TESE_Danielle Michelle de Araújo.pdf: 218879 bytes, checksum: 42411779e1b8b2277bf32fd7133e878c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Este trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar como a prática da cerâmica articulase ao universo social e cosmológico do Distrito de Pucará no Peru. Terá como base uma etnografia que privilegia a perspectiva do grupo, sem deixar de considerar os diferentes contextos de circulação dos objetos e suas agências. A produção de cerâmica, juntamente com a textilaria é uma atividade central no Peru. O Altiplano andino, local em que está situado Pucará, abriga as particularidades e ambiguidades de um país que anseia o progresso e a superação da dita pobreza, entretanto, não deixa de voltar os "olhos" ao passado se orgulhando de ser o berço de uma das civilizações mais antigas da América do Sul: os Incas. Os objetos de cerâmica, nesse contexto, mesclam a percepção de vários grupos, agenciando, de modo particular, concepções cosmológicas e sociais. Ao longo da vida, esses objetos canalizam diferentes perspectivas, levam de um lugar a outro, estórias e concepções cosmológicas, sendo também fontes de afetos. O trabalho propõe analisar as diferentes agências evocadas pelos objetos, da perspectiva do grupo produtor à feiras e ou exposições, locus diversos com as quais ele (objeto) interlocuciona.
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Gleason, Katherine. "Inhibition of Amyloid Fiber Formation by Peptide-Based Inhibitors". Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/535.
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Thesis advisor: Daniel KirschnerAlzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in the United States. The neurodegenerative condition of this disease correlates with the formation in the brain of plaques consisting of insoluble protein aggregates, termed amyloid. The aggregates are caused by the misfolding of amyloid β, a 40—42 amino acid polypeptide that is naturally occurring in all humans. One approach to preventing the amyloid cytotoxicity is to prevent the formation of plaques altogether. Many types of inhibitors have been tested for their therapeutic value, including substituted peptide strands. In this study, the inhibitory potential of two such peptides was tested: methylated peptides and nitrile-substituted peptides. Aβ(16-22) was used for its fiber-forming properties, and x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the extent of fibrillogenesis. The methylated peptide effectively inhibited fiber formation as previously recorded, and the cyanophenylalanine derivatives did not form fibers. The latter experiment provided insight on the structural and folding properties of Aβ more than its possible inhibitory potential
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Milnes, Matthew Hoyt. "Characterization of novel DNA binding activities at the immunoglobulin 3' enhancer : a thesis". Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/535.
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Transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain is influenced, in part, by an intronic enhancer region located 3' to the V,D, and J gene segment regions. The regulatory elements within this enhancer show high levels of sequence homology between mouse, rat, rabbit, and human, indicating their evolutionary significance. SRY, SpiB, LM02, and Rzra have been shown elsewhere to bind recognition sequences found within the evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements of this enhancer. We seek to demonstrate previously unreported individual and cooperative DNA binding activities for I these factors at regulatory' elements within the immunoglobulin 3' enhancer region. To facilitate this investigation, clones representing E2A, p65, SRY, SpiB LM02, ABF-1, and Rzra were retrieved from a plasma cell eDNA library. E2A, p65, and ABF-1 have been previously reported to bind elements within this enhancer. EMSA studies of these factors individually and in concert support previous characterization of DNA binding activities at this enhancer, and demonstrate the hereto unreported individual binding activities of Rzra, LM02, SpiB and SRY. Mixing studies with LM02 and SpiB show that when simultaneously present, these factors block the binding activity of one another. Furthermore, SpiB and LM02 are capable of blocking the in vitro DNA binding activity ofE2A and p65, presumably through the formation of a non-DNA binding complex. Mixing studies with Rzra demonstrate it to be a high affinity DNA binding factor capable of blocking p65 and E2A binding activity without relinquishing its own activity. We suspect this blocking activity to be a result of steric hinderance based on the close linear proximity of these factors recognition sequences.
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Mezzour, Ghita. "Assessing the Global Cyber and Biological Threat". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/535.
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In today’s inter-connected world, threats from anywhere in the world can have serious global repercussions. In particular, two types of threats have a global impact: 1) cyber crime and 2) cyber and biological weapons. If a country’s environment is conducive to cyber criminal activities, cyber criminals will use that country as a basis to attack end-users around the world. Cyber weapons and biological weapons can now allow a small actor to inflict major damage on a major military power. If cyber and biological weapons are used in combination, the damage can be amplified significantly. Given that the cyber and biological threat is global, it is important to identify countries that pose the greatest threat and design action plans to reduce the threat from these countries. However, prior work on cyber crime lacks empirical substantiation for reasons why some countries’ environments are conducive to cyber crime. Prior work on cyber and biological weapon capabilities mainly consists of case studies which only focus on select countries and thus are not generalizeable. To sum up, assessing the global cyber and biological threat currently lacks a systematic empirical approach. In this thesis, I take an empirical and systematic approach towards assessing the global cyber and biological threat. The first part of the thesis focuses on cyber crime. I examine international variation in cyber crime infrastructure hosting and cyber crime exposure. I also empirically test hypotheses about factors behind such variation. In that work, I use Symantec’s telemetry data, collected from 10 million Symantec customer computers worldwide and accessed through the Symantec’s Worldwide Intelligence Network Environment (WINE). I find that addressing corruption in Eastern Europe or computer piracy in Sub-Saharan Africa has the potential to reduce the global cyber crime. The second part of the thesis focuses on cyber and biological weapon capabilities. I develop two computational methodologies: one to assess countries’ biological capabilities and one to assess countries’ cyber capabilities. The methodologies examine all countries in the world and can be used by non-experts that only have access to publicly available data. I validate the biological weapon assessment methodology by comparing the methodology’s assessment to historical data. This work has the potential to proactively reduce the global cyber and biological weapon threat.
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Kokt, D. y der Merwe C. A. Van. "The impact of organisational culture on service delivery in a major private security company". Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 7, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/535.
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Published ArticleIn today's highly competitive business environment service delivery has become a key issue. Providing quality service could enhance an organisation's competitive advantage with beneficial financial implications. Service delivery requires the full cooperation and commitment of all the employees in the organisation, including management. The culture of the organisation supports this by eliciting a unified response from employees that supports the quality of service rendered to customers. In this regard the paper provides a statistical analysis of the impact of organisational culture on service delivery in a major South African private security company. Due to its applicability the Competing Values Framework (CVF) was instrumental in measuring the culture of the organisation and the award winning Baldrige Award Criteria in ascertaining its levels of service delivery.
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Gainous, Patricia. "An Investigation into the Relationship Between Culturally Based Software and the Self-Esteem of Cherokee Students". NSUWorks, 1996. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/535.
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American Indians have had the highest dropout rate from school of any ethnic group, regardless of region or tribal affiliation (Sanders, 1987). Lack of cognitive or academic ability has not been seen as a major factor. Several authors have suggested the main factor to be low self-esteem (Lutlig, 1983; Giles, 1985). The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of a cultural awareness software program would increase the self-esteem of third and fourth grade Native American students of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation as measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self- Concept Scale. Two classes each from the third and fourth grades from the Cherokee School of Cherokee, North Carolina were selected to use a HyperCard stack containing 20 oral legends of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation for a period of 10 school weeks (50 days). A total of 176 students participated in the study. All participants were administered the Harris-Piers Children's Self-Concept Scale before and after the 10 week study.
At first there appeared to be no significant difference between the control and the experimental groups, until the post test scores were subtracted from the pre-test scores of the experimental group. Applying the t-test to compare the mean of "increase" yielded an important result. Even though the increased mean was small, it was a statistically significant increase (p < .05; in fact, p is zero to 4 digits). The results support the concept that culturally aware software will help to increase self-esteem. The recommendations drawn from this study were to: increase the length of the study expand the study into the surrounding public school community Improve and develop more culturally aware software, and develop student study materials to accompany the software.
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Goyal, Poonam. "Comparative Study of C, Java, C# and Jython". UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/535.
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Comparing programming languages is a common topic among programmers and software developers. With the recent changes in programming standards and continual upgrades in hardware design, many new programming languages are being developed, while existing ones are currently going through several enhancements in terms of design and implementation. In this research, we present a comparative study of four programming languages, C, Java, C#, and Jython, with respect to the following criteria: memory consumption, CPU utilization, and execution time. Each test was performed in a distributed system using TCP sockets with 1, 2, 4 and 8 clients, and on a symmetric multiprocessing system.
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Mohandas, Moginraj. "Evaluation of Expressions with Uncertainty in Databases". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/535.
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Expressions are used in a range of applications like Publish/Subscribe, Ecommerce, etc. Integrating support for expressions in a database management system (DBMS) provides an efficient and scalable platform for applications that use Expressions. Support from uncertain data and expressions can be beneficial but not currently provided for. In this thesis, we investigate how expressions with uncertainty can be integrated in a DBMS like other data. We describe the underlying theory and implementation of UNXS (UNcertain eXpression System), a system that we have developed to handle uncertainty in expressions and data. We develop a theoretical model to compare and contrast different previous work in supporting uncertainty in DBMS and Publish/Subscribe systems. We extend the existing approaches to propose new techniques for matching uncertain expressions to uncertain data in UNXS. We then describe an implementation that integrates this support in Postgresql DBMS, which to our knowledge is the first such implementation.
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OLIVEIRA, André Felipe da Silva de. "Estudo da circulação natural para o projeto de um reator de pesquisas utilizando as técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional e computação evolucionária". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IEN, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/ien/535.
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Uma das características mais importantes e desejadas em uma planta nuclear é a segurança. E na busca de sistemas que propiciem uma segurança passiva destaca-se atualmente o emprego de sistemas de refrigeração por circulação natural. Estes sistemas podem ser utilizados como mecanismo de retirada de calor residual, ou até mesmo, de refrigeração principal de seções quentes de um reator, como por exemplo, o núcleo. Neste trabalho o código de fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD) chamado CFX é utilizado para simular o processo de circulação natural que ocorre na piscina de um reator de pesquisas logo após o seu desligamento. O modelo físico estudado é semelhante ao do reator OPAL - Open Pool Australian Light water reactor, e é composto pelo núcleo, piscina de refrigeração, tanque refletor, tubos de circulação e chaminé. Para melhor desempenho computacional, a região do núcleo foi modelada como um meio poroso, cujos parâmetros foram obtidos separadamente em uma análise de CFD detalhada. Neste trabalho busca-se também a viabilidade de implementação do algoritmo de Evolução Diferencial para otimização dos parâmetros físicos e operacionais, que obedecendo às leis de similaridade, conduzam a uma seção de teste em escala reduzida da piscina do reator.
Safety is one of the most important and desirable characteristics in a nuclear plant. Natural circulation cooling systems are noted for providing passive safety. These systems can be used as mechanism for removing the residual heat from the reactor, or even as the main cooling system for heated sections, sech as the core. In this work, a computational fluid dynamicas (CFD) code called CFX is used to simulate the process of natural circulation in a research reactor pool after its shutdown. The physical model studied is similar to the Open Pool Australian Light water reactor (OPAL), and contains the core, cooling pool, reflecting thak, circulation pipes and chimney. For best computing performance, the core region was modeled as a porous medium, where the parameters were obtained from a separately detailed CFD analysis. This work also aims to study the viability of the implementation of Differential Evolution algorithm for optimization the physical and operational parameters that, obeying the laws of similarity, lead to a test section on a reduced scale of the reactor pool.
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Dias, Vanderlan Carneiro. "Efeito do azospirillum brasilense e nitrogênio no teor e no rendimento de óleo nos grãos de milho, em cultivo de entressafra, visando a produção de biodiesel". Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/535.
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A fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) apresenta-se como uma alternativa
sustentável e viável, na produção de gramíneas, através do uso de bactérias do gênero
Azospirillum, um microrganismo potencial promotor do crescimento das plantas. Neste
sentido, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do uso da bactéria
diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense, inoculada via sementes, em associação ou não com
doses de nitrogênio, na entressafra, no teor e rendimento de óleo em genótipos de milho. Os
ensaios foram realizados em duas épocas de semeadura em um delineamento experimental de
blocos casualizados (DBC) com 30 tratamentos e três repetições. Em cada época, os
tratamentos foram dispostos em um esquema fatorial 2x3x5, representado por dois processos
de inoculação das sementes (com e sem inoculação das sementes), três genótipos de milho
(Orion e Al Bandeirante, variedades de polinização aberta, e o Híbrido Duplo (AG-1051) e
cinco doses de nitrogênio N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1) realizadas em cobertura. Foram
avaliadas o teor de óleo dos grãos (%) e o rendimento de óleo (kg ha-1). Foi realizada análise
de variância individual e, posteriormente, análise conjunta. O uso da bactéria Azospirillum
brasilense, acompanhada ou não de doses de nitrogênio, promoveu aumento no teor e no
rendimento de óleo nos grãos. A variedade Orion foi a que mais se destacou quando inoculada
com a bactéria Azospirillum, sendo também a mais eficiente quando cultivada sob baixo
nitrogênio. A adoção desta prática não substitui o uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados, mas
poderá ser uma alternativa para reduzir os custos do produtor.Biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) is presented as a viable and sustainable in the production of grasses, through the use of bacterium of the genus Azospirillum, microorganisms potential plant growth promoter. In this sense, the present work was to study the effect of using the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, inoculated in seeds, in association or not with nitrogen, in the off season, the content and oil yield in corn genotypes. The tests were performed at two sowing times in a randomized complete block design (DBC) with 30 treatments and three replications. In every age, the treatments were arranged in a factorial 2x3x5, represented by two seed inoculation processes (with and without seed inoculation) Three genotypes (Orion and Al Bandeirante, open-pollinated varieties, and the Hybrid Double (AG-1051) and five doses of nitrogen N (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) held in coverage. The grain oil content were evaluated (%) and oil yield (kg ha-1). individual variance analysis was performed and subsequently pooled analysis. The use of bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, with or without nitrogen, promoted an increase in content and oil yield in grains. The variety Orion was the one that stood out when inoculated with Azospirillum bacterium, and is the most efficient when grown under low nitrogen. The adoption of this practice does not replace the use of nitrogen fertilizers, but can be an alternative to reduce producer costs.
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Walker, Ashley. "One tone, two ears, three dimensions : an investigation of qualitative echolocation strategies in synthetic bats and real robots". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/535.
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The aim of the work reported in this thesis is to investigate a methodology for studying perception by building and testing robotic models of animal sensory mechanisms. Much of Artificial Intelligence studies agent perception by exploring architectures for linking (often abstract) sensors and motors so as to give rise to particular behaviour. By contrast, this work proposes that perceptual investigations should begin with a characterisation of the underlying physical laws which govern the specific interaction of a sensor (or actuator) with its environment throughout the execution of a task. Moreover, it demonstrates that, through an understanding of task-physics, problems for which architectural solutions or explanations are often proposed may be solved more simply at the sensory interface - thereby minimising subsequent computation. This approach is applied to an investigation of the acoustical cues that may be exploited by several species of tone emitting insectivorous bats (species in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae) which localise prey using systematic pinnae scanning movements. From consideration of aspects of the sound filtering performed by the external and inner ear or these bats, three target localisation mechanisms are hypothesised and tested aboard a 6 degree-of-freedom, binaural, robotic echolocation system. In the first case, it is supposed that echolocators with narrow-band call structures use pinna movement to alter the directional sensitivity of their perceptual systems in the same whay that broad-band emitting bats rely on pinnae morphology to alter acoustic directionality at different frequencies. Scanning receivers also create dynamic cues - in the form of frequency and amplitude modulations - which very systematically with target angle. The second hypothesis investigated involves the extraction of timing cues from amplitude modulated echo envelopes.
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Freitas, José Sebastião Ramos. "Quando uma escola contrói uma ponte nunca mais fica só". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/535.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia EducacionalEste trabalho insere-se no estudo das práticas e dos processos de qualidade: optou-se pelo estudo de uma Escola diferente na sua organização e nos seus processos, dando assim a conhecer novas práticas inspiradoras de qualidade e de respeito pela heterogeneidade da população escolar. A sua escolha baseou-se em literatura onde eram relatadas as suas práticas, diferentes das demais escolas, no contexto educativo nacional. Após a aceitação por parte da escola da realização do nosso estudo, optou-se por analisar os processos decorridos na escola através dos indicadores de qualidade, procedendo-se a uma revisão de literatura que focasse aspectos de qualidade em escolas anteriormente estudadas, abordando-se também uma dimensão pedagógica das práticas de qualidade. Reviu-se literatura que tinha sido inspiradora na organização e no uso de determinados dispositivos escolares. Estes tipos de organização pedagógica teriam elas também de ser geradoras de processos de qualidade. Assim, definiu-se como primeiro objectivo do estudo o descrever as práticas da escola de modo a perceber o modo de organização desta escola. Esta descrição permitirá desenvolver uma ligação contextualizada da literatura revista com as práticas executadas na escola. O segundo objectivo do estudo, é o de cruzar a organização descrita no primeiro objectivo com os indicadores de qualidade e os modelos pedagógicos analisados de modo a se entender o tipo de organização e de trabalho praticado na escola escolhida para este estudo. Sendo um estudo de caso duma instituição com um carácter qualitativo, este teve um primeiro momento de visitas e de integração no grupo de modo a que a nossa presença fosse aceite para melhor entender a organização e funcionamento da escola e para que na altura da recolha de informação, não existisse estranheza que causasse dificuldades na obtenção da informação. Procedeu-se posteriormente à recolha de dados em documentos oficiais, sendo aqui analisados com maior detalhe o Projecto Educativo da Escola e um Relatório de Avaliação Externa proposto pelo Ministério da Educação. Outra fonte de recolha de dados foram as entrevistas, onde foram escolhidos e entrevistados aleatoriamente 24 alunos num total de 195; 8 professores num total de 27 e 4 encarregados de educação num total de 190, Foi escolhida a entrevista aberta de 11 modo a permitir ao entrevistado explorar os temas propostos, dando-nos assim uma informação da realidade presente em relação ao objecto do estudo. Os resultados revelaram que é um projecto de qualidade, onde se destaca o trabalho diferenciado e a inclusão que é praticada na escola. É uma escola que respeita as crianças, permitindo que estas aprendam consoante o seu ritmo, os seus interesses e as suas vivências, ligando-as ao Currículo Nacional. Existe uma cultura de solidariedade, cooperação e inclusão muito presentes, quer a nível dos alunos quer a nível dos professores, onde todos praticam a ajuda ao outro. Aspectos menos positivos encontrados são o facto do aluno poder estar em determinados momentos do seu percurso de aprendizagem sozinho no meio do grupo e a existência de uma logística deficiente, mais especificamente, a falta de condições físicas para o elevado número de alunos que esta possui. Outro aspecto a considerar, é o facto duma parte do corpo docente não ser estável, levando a alterações dos seus quadros todos os anos. O estudo teve resultados muito semelhantes ao realizado pela Comissão Externa de Avaliação do Ministério da Educação, podendo assim concluir-se que é uma escola de qualidade, com um projecto activo e dinâmico, também ele de qualidade, sendo por isso pertinente afirmar que este modelo de trabalho e de organização é um modelo de qualidade.
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Calderón, Izaguirre Geovana Karolina. "Nivel de conocimiento de las madres acerca del asma bronquial en niños preescolares del Centro Materno Infantil y Emergencias Tablada de Lurín, 2008". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/535.
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El asma es una enfermedad crónica que se caracteriza por la inflamación de los bronquios. El Ministerio de Salud informa que nuestro país tiene la más alta tasa de incidencia de casos de asma en Latinoamérica, razón por la cual la enfermedad es reconocida como un grave problema de salud pública en el Perú. La frecuencia de esta enfermedad es 10 veces mayor en el niño que en el adulto y en el Perú se estima que dos de cada diez niños tiene asma en nuestro país.
El presente proyecto titulado: Nivel de Conocimiento de las madres acerca del Asma Bronquial en niños preescolares del Centro Materno Infantil y Emergencias Tablada de Lurín – 2008, teniendo como objetivo general Determinar el Nivel de Conocimiento de las madres acerca del Asma Bronquial en niños preescolares del Centro Materno Infantil y Emergencias Tablada de Lurín – 2008. El tipo de estudio es cuantitativo, nivel aplicativo y método descriptivo transversal; teniendo como muestra a 48 madres de niños preescolares que acuden al Centro Materno Infantil y Emergencias “Tablada de Lurín” y el instrumento que se utilizó fue el cuestionario.
Los resultados obtenidos fueron: Del total de 48(100%) madres encuestadas, 22(45.8%) madres tienen un nivel de conocimiento medio, 16(33.4%) madres tienen un nivel de conocimiento alto y 10(20.8%) madres tienen un nivel de conocimiento bajo acerca del Asma Bronquial en Niños Preescolares del Centro Materno Infantil y Emergencias “Tablada de Lurín”. Por ello se llega a la conclusión de que hay un alto porcentaje de madres que tienen un nivel de conocimiento medio pero existe también un porcentaje de la población que no esta muy preparada ni debidamente informada sobre el asma bronquial en niños preescolares lo que pondría en riesgo la salud de los niños en cuanto al reconocimiento de la enfermedad y tratamiento del asma.--- Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the bronchi. The Ministry of Health reports that our country has the highest incidence rate of asthma cases in Latin America, which is why the disease is recognized as a serious public health problem in Peru. The frequency of this disease is 10 times higher in children than in adults and in Peru it is estimated that two out of ten children have asthma in our country. This project entitled: Level of Knowledge of mothers about Asthma in preschool children of Mother and Child Center and Emergency Tablada de Lurin - 2008, aiming at overall determine the level of knowledge of mothers about Asthma in preschool children Mother and Child Center and Emergency Tablada de Lurin - 2008. The type of study is quantitative, and application level cross-sectional descriptive method, having as shown at 48 mothers of preschool children attending the Maternal and Child Health and Emergency Center "Tablada de Lurin" and the instrument used was the questionnaire. The results were: A total of 48 (100%) mothers surveyed, 22 (45.8%) mothers have an average knowledge level, 16 (33.4%) mothers have a high knowledge level and 10 (20.8%) mothers have a low level of knowledge about the Pre-School Children Asthma in Mother and Child Center and Emergency “Tablada de Lurin”. It is therefore concluded that a high percentage of mothers who have an average knowledge level but there is also a percentage of the population that is not very prepared nor properly informed of bronchial asthma in preschool children that would jeopardize health of children in terms of disease recognition and treatment of asthma.
Tesis
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Scarparo, Roberta Kochenborger. "Avaliação do desenvolvimento radicular em resposta às proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte e à resolvina E1: estudo experimental em dentes de ratos com rizogênese incompleta e necrose pulpar". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/535.
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license.txt: 581 bytes, checksum: 44ea52f0b7567232681c6e3d72285adc (MD5)The present study aimed at: (a) developing an experimental model for testing treatment strategies in nonvital immature teeth, using the lower first molars of rats; (b) evaluating the effects of intracanal medication with enamel matrix proteins (EMD) and Resolvin E1 (RvE1). At first, the method to be used for arresting root development was tested, comparing healthy teeth with teeth which underwent pulpectomy and were left open since the initial stage of root development (four weeks-age). Radiographic and histological findings proved that induction of periapical lesions and arrest of root development were achieved. Moreover, these data allowed the definition of appropriate periods for testing treatment protocols (3 weeks after pulpectomy) and for evaluating its results (3 and 6 weeks post-treatment). In another group of animals, after arresting root development, disinfection using sodium hypochlorite and saline solution was carried out and intracanal medication with either polyantibiotic paste, EMD or RvE1 was tested. At the control group, no treatment was performed and teeth cavities were left exposed to the oral environment. Radiographic and histological data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc (P<0. 05).At the first time point, only the teeth subjected to RvE1 intracanal medication showed reduced periapical lesions (P<0. 05), which was corroborated by the reduced inflammatory response (P<0. 05). At the second time point, polyantibiotic paste, EMD and RvE1 showed similar results. Although some samples showed unsatisfactory results, root development could be observed, mainly at the expenses of cementum-like or bone-like tissues. EMD allowed, in addition to hard tissue formation at the apical and external portion of roots, its ingrowth into the root canal spaces. RvE1 as EMD presented a potential to be explored in nonvital immature teeth. Further studies should focus in the optimization protocol, cellular and molecular events that take part during root formation and treatment outcome in humans.
Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (a) desenvolver um modelo experimental para testar estratégias de tratamento em dentes não-vitais com rizogênese incompleta, utilizando os primeiros molares inferiores de ratos; (b) avaliar, nesse contexto, o efeito da aplicação intracanal de proteínas de matriz do esmalte (EMD) e da Resolvina E1 (RVE1). Inicialmente, o método a ser utilizado para interrupção da rizogênese foi testado, comparando-se dentes hígidos e dentes que sofreram pulpectomia em estágio inicial da formação das raízes (4 semanas de idade). As avaliações radiográfica e histológica comprovaram o desenvolvimento de alterações periapicais e a interrupção da rizogênese após pulpectomia, além de permitirem a adequação de períodos apropriados para testar estratégias (3 semanas após pulpectomia) e avaliar seus resultados (3 e 6 semanas póstratamento). Em outro grupo de animais, após interrupção da rizogênese os canais foram irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio e solução salina e foram testadas medicações intracanal com pasta poliantibiótica, EMD ou RvE1. Para o grupo controle, os dentes foram mantidos sem tratamento e expostos ao meio oral. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (a) desenvolver um modelo experimental para testar estratégias de tratamento em dentes não-vitais com rizogênese incompleta, utilizando os primeiros molares inferiores de ratos; (b) avaliar, nesse contexto, o efeito da aplicação intracanal de proteínas de matriz do esmalte (EMD) e da Resolvina E1 (RVE1). Inicialmente, o método a ser utilizado para interrupção da rizogênese foi testado, comparando-se dentes hígidos e dentes que sofreram pulpectomia em estágio inicial da formação das raízes (4 semanas de idade). As avaliações radiográfica e histológica comprovaram o desenvolvimento de alterações periapicais e a interrupção da rizogênese após pulpectomia, além de permitirem a adequação de períodos apropriados para testar estratégias (3 semanas após pulpectomia) e avaliar seus resultados (3 e 6 semanas póstratamento). Em outro grupo de animais, após interrupção da rizogênese os canais foram irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio e solução salina e foram testadas medicações intracanal com pasta poliantibiótica, EMD ou RvE1. Para o grupo controle, os dentes foram mantidos sem tratamento e expostos ao meio oral.
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Bunhu, Tavengwa. "Preparation and evaluation of Lignocellulose-Montmorillonite nanocomposites for the adsorption of some heavy metals and organic dyes from aqueous solution". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/535.
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The need to reduce the cost of adsorption technology has led scientists to explore the use of many low cost adsorbents especially those from renewable resources. Lignocellulose and montmorillonite clay have been identified as potentially low cost and efficient adsorbent materials for the removal of toxic heavy metals and organic substances from contaminated water. Montmorillonite clay has good adsorption properties and the potential for ion exchange. Lignocellulose possesses many hydroxyl, carbonyl and phenyl groups and therefore, both montmorillonite and lignocellulose are good candidates for the development of effective and low cost adsorbents in water treatment and purification. The aim of this study was to prepare composite materials based on lignocellulose and montmorillonite clay and subsequently evaluate their efficacy as adsorbents for heavy metal species and organic pollutants in aqueous solution. It was also important to assess the adsorption properties of the modified individual (uncombined) lignocellulose and montmorillonite. Lignocellulose and sodium-exchanged montmorillonite (NaMMT) clay were each separately modified with methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) and used as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution. The lignocellulose and NaMMT were modified with MMA, MAA and MPS through free radical graft polymerisation and/or condensation reactions. NaMMT was also modified through Al-pillaring to give AlpMMT. The materials were characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and characterisation results showed that the modification of the montmorillonite with MAA, MMA and MPS was successful. The modified lignocellulose and montmorillonite materials were evaluated for the adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cd2+ and Pb2+) from aqueous solution by the batch method. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of both Cd2+ and Pb2+ onto the NaMMT clay, AlpMMT and lignocellulose materials are presented. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best fit for the adsorption of both heavy metals onto all the adsorbents. AlpMMT showed very poor uptake for heavy metals (both Cd2+ and Pb2+). PMMAgMMT, PMAAgMMT, PMAAgLig and PMPSgLig showed improved adsorption for both heavy metals. The mechanism of heavy metal adsorption onto the adsorbents was best represented by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. PMPSgLig, NaMMT and AlpMMT showed relatively high adsorption capacities for methyl orange, while the adsorption of neutral red was comparable for almost all the adsorbents. Neither the Langmuir model nor the Freundlich model was found to v adequately describe the adsorption process of dyes onto all the adsorbents. The pseudo second-order model was found to be the best fit to describe the adsorption mechanism of both dyes onto all the adsorbents. The modification of lignocellulose and montmorillonite with suitable organic groups can potentially produce highly effective and efficient adsorbents for the removal of both heavy metals and dyes from contaminated water. Novel adsorbent composite materials based on lignocellulose and montmorillonite clay (NaMMT) were also prepared and evaluated for the removal of pollutants (dyes and heavy metals) from aqueous solution. The lignocellulose-montmorillonite composites were prepared by in situ intercalative polymerisation, using methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) as coupling agents. The composite materials were characterised by FTIR, TGA, TEM and SAXS. SAXS diffractograms showed intercalated nanocomposites of PMMAgLig-NaMMT and PMAAgLig-NaMMT, whereas PMPSgLig-NaMMT showed a phase-separated composite and the same results were confirmed by TEM. The lignocellulose-montmorillonite composites were assessed for their adsorption properties for heavy metal ions (Cd2+ and Pb2+) and dyes (methyl orange and neutral red) from aqueous solution. Among these composite materials, only PMAAgLig-NaMMT showed a marked increase in the uptake of both Cd2+ and Pb2+ relative to lignocellulose and montmorillonite when used independently. The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, as well as to the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models. The data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo second-order kinetic model. On the adsorption of dyes, only PMPSgLig-NaMMT showed enhanced adsorption of methyl orange (MetO) compared with lignocellulose and montmorillonite separately. The enhanced adsorption was attributed to the synergistic adsorption due to the presence of MPS, lignocellulose and NaMMT. Competitive adsorption studies were carried out from binary mixtures of MetO and Cd2+ or Pb2+ in aqueous solution. The adsorption process of MetO onto the composite material was found to follow the Freundlich adsorption model, while the mechanism of adsorption followed both the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. This particular composite can be used for the simultaneous adsorption of both heavy metals and organic dyes from contaminated water. The adsorption of neutral red to the composite materials was comparable and the pseudo second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption mechanism.
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Bibbal, Delphine. "Impact des bêta-lactamines sur l'émergence d'entérobactéries résistantes dans la flore digestive chez le porc : caractérisation et stratégie de prévention". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/535/.
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L'antibiothérapie chez les animaux contribue à la sélection de résistances bactériennes au niveau du tube digestif, potentiellement transmissibles à l'homme. La caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique de l'émergence d'entérobactéries digestives résistantes, lors de pression de sélection par une bêta-lactamine, a été réalisée chez le porc. Des souches d'E. Coli majoritairement multirésistantes ont été sélectionnées et l'analyse des pulsotypes des ces souches suggère une sélection de clones déjà présents mais minoritaires dans le tube digestif. Une stratégie thérapeutique visant à prévenir l'émergence de bactéries digestives résistantes lors d'administration orale de bêta-lactamines chez le porc a été proposée. Elle consiste en l'association d'un ester de bêta-lactamine avec des billes à vectorisation iléocolique contenant des bêta-lactamases. Les caractéristiques d'absorption de l'ester et de libération par l'enrobage sélectionné encouragent à poursuivre l'exploration de cette stratégieAntibiotic administration in animals is involved in the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the digestive tract, potentially transferable to humans. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the emergence of resistant digestive enterobacteria, under selective pressure by a beta-lactam antibiotic, was performed in pig. Multiresistant E. Coli isolates were mainly selected and the analysis of the relatedness of these isolate suggested the selection of clones, which were already present at low level in the digestive tract before any treatment. A therapeutic strategy aiming at preventing the emergence of digestive resistant bacteria, during beta-lactam antibiotic administration by the oral route in pigs, was proposed. It consists of the association of an ester of beta-lactam antibiotic with coated beads which release beta-lactamase at the ileocaecal junction. The characteristics of the absorption of the ester and the characteristics of the delivery of the selected coating encourage us to follow the exploration of this strategy
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Long, Mitchell Davis. "Temporal Factors Affecting Foraging Patterns of a Diurnal Orb-weaving Spider, Micrathena gracilis (Araneae: Araneidae)". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/535.
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Several studies have investigated the ecological factors that affect behavior in Micrathena gracilis, a diurnal orb-weaving spider that forages on flying insects during the day. However, none yet have considered how the temporal distributions of prey and predator occurrences shape their daily behavioral rhythms, especially web construction, which involves a heavy energetic investment well in advance of potential nutritional benefit. Recently, several orb-weaving spider species have been shown to exhibit a variety of abnormal rhythms, suggesting that circadian clock-controlled rhythms may play an unexpected role in behavioral evolution. Despite the appearance of significant insect abundance in the evenings, M. gracilis individuals stop foraging, take down their webs, and retreat before they can capitalize on this opportunity. Is the nutritional benefit of this forfeited prey significant compared to what they collect during the day, and if so, what potential cost might justify opting out of this potential gain? To investigate, sticky traps for prey collection and a camera array for recording predator activity were used at a local field site to survey what risks and rewards these spiders face throughout the 24-hour day. Spider activity and web captures in the field were also used to confirm behavioral patterns and capture success throughout the day. It was found that spiders begin foraging when prey becomes available but cease while prey is still abundant. These observations appear to support a theoretical model of behavioral decisions under predation risk. However, recorded predation events were rare, and predation was not confirmed outside of the foraging timeframe. These results support the notion that the circadian rhythm of Micrathena gracilis is shaped by factors other than prey availability, but the theoretical pressure from predation risk requires further investigation.
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Milnes, Matthew Hoyt. "Characterization of novel DNA binding activities at the immunoglobulin 3' enhancer". Scholarly Commons, 2000. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/535.
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Transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain is influenced, in part, by an intronic enhancer region located 3' to the V,D, and J gene segment regions. The regulatory elements within this enhancer show high levels of sequence homology between mouse, rat, rabbit, and human, indicating their evolutionary significance. SRY, SpiB, LM02, and Rzra have been shown elsewhere to bind recognition sequences found within the evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements of this enhancer. We seek to demonstrate previously unreported individual and cooperative DNA binding activities for I these factors at regulatory' elements within the immunoglobulin 3' enhancer region. To facilitate this investigation, clones representing E2A, p65, SRY, SpiB LM02, ABF-1, and Rzra were retrieved from a plasma cell eDNA library. E2A, p65, and ABF-1 have been previously reported to bind elements within this enhancer. EMSA studies of these factors individually and in concert support previous characterization of DNA binding activities at this enhancer, and demonstrate the hereto unreported individual binding activities of Rzra, LM02, SpiB and SRY. Mixing studies with LM02 and SpiB show that when simultaneously present, these factors block the binding activity of one another. Furthermore, SpiB and LM02 are capable of blocking the in vitro DNA binding activity ofE2A and p65, presumably through the formation of a non-DNA binding complex. Mixing studies with Rzra demonstrate it to be a high affinity DNA binding factor capable of blocking p65 and E2A binding activity without relinquishing its own activity. We suspect this blocking activity to be a result of steric hinderance based on the close linear proximity of these factors recognition sequences.
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Silva, Artur Manuel Xavier Pereira da. "Degradação de efluentes lácteos em reactores UASB com recirculação". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/535.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteO presente trabalho pretende determinar a cinética de degradação anaeróbia mesofílica de efluentes de lacticínios num reactor UASB com recirculação total de efluente. Foram realizados vários ensaios de degradação anaeróbia do efluente em estudo a escala laboratorial, com base num plano experimental de cargas crescentes e utilizando lamas anaeróbias provenientes duma ETAR de indústria de lacticínios. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para determinação das velocidades específicas de remoção de substrato e ajustados a modelos cinéticos. Há uma remoção muito rápida de CQO, que se deve ao facto da matéria orgânica ficar adsorvida a superfície das lamas anaeróbias já que a adsorção é muito mais rápida que a reacção de degradação biológica. A qprodCH, é cerca de 45 % da qCQO,,l+,,l. A discrepância existente entre a remoção inicial CQO e produção de CH, praticamente só se verifica no lQ dia de ensaio, sendo esbatida no segundo dia. Esta evidência confirma a necessidade de um período de estabilização de 2 dias para os reactores com funcionamento intermitente utilizados no tratamento de efluentes de indústria de lacticínios, conforme sugerido por Nadais et o1 (2005). Relativamente a influência das condições hidrodinâmicas no comportamento do reactor pode se dizer que a recirculação da fase liquida (efluente) durante os períodos sem alimentação, aumentou significativamente a velocidade específica de remoção de CQOco1+,,,em relação ao observado em ensaios descontínuos sem recirculação (Nadais, 2002), para alem de ter melhorado a performance e estabilidade do reactor (Nadais et 01, 2006 e Nadais et o/, 2008). ABSTRACT: The foliowing work proposes to determine the kinetics of the anaerobic mesophilic degradation of dairy industry's effluent in a UASB reactor with total effluent recirculation. Anaerobic degradation tests were performed based on an experimental plan with increasing loads and anaerobic sludge from an industrial dairy effluent treatment plant. The data obtained was used to determine the specific substrate removal rates, and adjusted to kinetic modeis. There is a very fast COD removai, because organic matter remains adsorbed in the surface of the anaerobic sludge, since adsorption is much quicker than biological degradation. qprodCH, is about 45 % of qCQOcOl+,,,. The discrepancy between the initial COD removal and Methane production is practically only observed in the first day of the test, being practically nonexistent in the second day. This evidence confirms the necessity of a 2-day stabilization period for the reactors with intermittent operation, used in the treatment of dairy industry wastewaters, as suggested by (Nadais et 01, 2005). As to the infiuence of the hydrodynamic conditions on the reactor's behavior, one can say the recirculation of the liquid phase (effluent) during the feedless periods, has increased qCQO,l, when compared to that observed in batch tests without recircuiation (Nadais, 2002), Furthermore it has also improved reactor performance and stability (Nadais et a/, 2006 e Nadais et a/, 2008).
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McCullough, Eric. "Spatial and temporal estimation of nanomechanical properties via Atomic Force Microscopy". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/535.
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Engineering the next generation of smart materials will require new methods of surface characterization, analysis and identification that can be performed not only in three dimensional space but also in the temporal dimension. Of particular interest is the understanding of mechanical properties of complex systems at the micro and nanoscales. Current techniques for such measurements are hampered by challenges including their inability to probe systems in complex microenvironments, non-destructively, or at nanometer resolution. This thesis outlines work in the development of techniques to study diverse systems and determine their mechanical properties using the Atomic Force Microscope as the primary tool. We develop a strategy wherein topography and nanomechanical properties can be simultaneously mapped out to obtain a 3D visualization of a surface at sub micrometer resolutions. A diverse set of applications ranging from polymeric surfaces to protein assembly are studied using this method. In addition to uncovering fundamental surface properties, the groundwork for applying nanomechanical identification for new applications such as forensic identification for bacterial spores are also laid out using this versatile technique.
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Beauregard, Jeremy LyDell. "Taming The Elephant: An Examination Of The Identity, Coping Strategies, And Educational Aspirations Of Two Adolescent African American Males Who Live And Attend School In A Predominantly White Community". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/535.
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This study is a critical ethnography that examines the relationship between the racial-identity, coping strategies and educational aspirations of two African American males who live (and attend school) in a predominantly White community. The participants reside in a Northeastern state where the African-American population is below 3%. Although they live in different parts of the state, symbols like the Confederate flag were regularly seen inside and outside of both high schools.
Critical Race Theory (CRT) is the primary interpretive framework used in this study. However, theory from educational psychology and sociology were also included. Through semi-structured interviews, on-site observations, and artifact analysis (e.g. high school transcripts, SAT scores, and samples of creative writing), this research advances the understanding of how being Black in a predominantly White community affected the participants' identity, coping strategies and educational experiences. Similar to how any system functions, the participants' identity, coping strategies and educational aspirations were nested and dependent upon each other. This included a number of balancing and re-enforcing feedback loops. Although this study is qualitative and cannot be generalized, the experiences of the participants were similar. The difference was in their coping strategies.
The predominant culture that currently exists in most communities and educational institutions is deeply embedded in racism. This is systemic. It is time all institutions move forward and embrace diversity. Similar to the earth's resources, race relations must be sustained if we are to create a prosperous world for future generations.
Key Words: achievement, acting-White, agency, aspirations, identity, racism, resilience, stereotyping and self-efficacy.
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Lau, Wai Kit Jaeger. "Developmental expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the rat basal ganglia". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/535.
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Winch, Nicola Maree. "Light scattering in glass ceramic x-ray imaging plates : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physics /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/535.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008.CD-ROM contains scattering simulation code, Mie theory code and the LabView driver to run the experiment. Includes bibliographical references.
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Watson, Lynn A. S. "Is it through emotion that we know ourselves? : a psychophysiological investigation into self-reference and emotional valence". Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/535.
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Abildgaard, Jens. "Quantum chemical models in molecular structure elucidation /". Roskilde : Roskilde University, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1800/535.
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