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Horváth, Ádám Béla. "Értéklánc-modell az Ipar 4.0 korszakában." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 18, no. 1-2 (2023): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2023.1-2.57-72.
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Az Ipar 4.0 körébe tartozó megoldások alapjaiban alakították át a gazdálkodó szervezetek értékteremtő folyamatait. Azzal, hogy lehetségessé vált az informatikai folyamatok, és ezáltal az automatizált nagypontosságú adatgyűjtés, valamit a központosított és/vagy autonóm vezérlés úgynevezett cyber-fizikai rendszerek jöttek létre, ahol a reálgazdasági és informatikai (részben virtuális) folyamatok integrált és egymástól el nem választható egységet alkotnak. A kvalitatív (elméleti) kutatásomban áttekintem az a közelmúlt gazdaságilag releváns informatikai fejlődésének főbb és Porter-féle értékláncra alapozva megvizsgálom, hogy ezen eredmények a gazdálkodó szervezetek életében milyen változásokat indukáltak. A kvalitatív kutatásom eredménye a Porter-féle értékláncmodellnek egy olyan módosított változata, amelynek keretében egységesen értékelhetőek az IPAR 3.0 és az IPAR 4.0 körébe tartozó technológiákat rendszeresítő gazdálkodó szervezetek működése, és várhatóan alkalmazható lesz az IPAR 5.0 korszakában is.
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Babkin, A. V., E. V. Shkarupeta, and V. A. Plotnikov. "Intersectoral development potential management under industry 5.0: Theory, tools and practical applications." Economic Revival of Russia, no. 2 (72) (2022): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-2-72-50-65.
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The main provisions, proposed tools and practical recommendations for managing the intersectoral potential for industrial development under Industry 5.0 are outlined in the article. The research methodology includes a systematic approach to the formation and management of the cyber-physical-social system with an emphasis on the cross-industry nature, the interdisciplinarity of the foundation and the transdisciplinarity of Industry 5.0; value, cyber-socio-techno-cognitive, human-centric and socio-centric approaches; platform interest. Choice evolution of industries and their objects (physical systems of Industry 1.0 - 3.0, cyber-physical system of Industry 4.0, cyber-physical-social system of Industry 5.0). The article provides a description of various factors, further analysis of which allows us to state that Industry 4.0 is not the basis for achieving higher development goals expected by 2030. The capabilities of the main characteristics, goals and opportunities of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 are compared. It is concluded that Industry 5.0 does not equally represent the next industrial revolution, how many attendants join Industry 4.0 technologies strengthening cooperation between humans and robots. Technologies, possible tools and practical applications of Industry 5.0 are systematized. Priority measures aimed at preparing for Industry 5.0 implementation in a natural ecosystem, scientific and technological development based on proactive import substitution are proposed.
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Hosen, Sarowar, Shamim Shamsi, and Swastika Chakravorty. "In Vitro Control of Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Selected Brri Rice Varieties." Bioresearch Communications 10, no. 1 (2023): 1393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brc.v10i1.70668.
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The present study evaluated the efficacy of five chemical fungicides, viz., Capvit 50 WP, Cynil 72 WP, Kochi 80 WDG, Sinozim 50 WP and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG along with five plant extracts, specifically Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Adhatoda vasica Nees., Psidium guajava L., Cassia alata L. and Citrus limon on the radial mycelial growth of two pathogenic fungi, Curvularia lunata and Drechslera oryzae associated with newly released BRRI rice varieties at varying concentrations. Capvit 50 WP exhibited complete inhibition of C. lunata at 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations as well as D. oryzae at 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations leading the selected fungicides, followed by Cynil 72 WP and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG. Out of the five plant extracts, P. guajava demonstrated maximum radial growth inhibition (72.2%) against C. lunata at 20% concentration followed by A. indica. (56%), A. vasica. (52.3%), C. alata (24%) and C. limon (18.1%). Capvit 50 WP and Cynil 72 WP, among the fungicides, are potential in vivo controls for the tested pathogens associated with rice varieties. Additionally, out of the five plant extracts, Psidium guajava L. can be effective against C. lunata, while Azadirachta indica A. Juss. is a promising botanical fungicide against D. oryzae. Bioresearch Commu. 10(1): 1393-1397, 2024 (January)
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Sriatun, Sriatun, Taslimah Taslimah, Erwin Nur Cahyo, and Fuguh Devi Saputro. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Zeolit Y." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 20, no. 1 (2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.20.1.19-24.
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Telah dilakukan pembuatan zeolit Y dengan kajian konsentrasi dan jenis surfaktan yaitu cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dan Polyethylen Glycol-400 (PEG-400). Adapun bahan baku utama untuk membuat zeolit Y adalah sol silika dan alumunium hidroksida. Sintesis zeolit Y menggunakan metode hidrotermal dengan waktu kristalisasi 24 jam dan 72 jam pada suhu 100°C. Proses kalsinasi produk pada suhu 500°C selama 5 jam. Analisis produk zeolit menggunakan Fourrier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) dan X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa zeolit yang disintesis dengan waktu hidrotermal 24 jam menghasilkan zeolit A sedangkan yang 72 jam menghasilkan Zeolit Y. Variasi konsentrasi dan jenis surfaktan tidak signifikan mempengaruhi kristalinitas dan ukuran bulir kristal zeolit yang dihasilkan. Namun penggunaan surfaktan meningkatkan ukuran bulir kristal zeolit. Ukuran bulir kristal terbesar didapatkan pada zeolit 24 jam yang menggunakan surfaktan PEG-400 dengan konsentrasi 6,25x10-5 M menghasilkan ukuran bulir kristal 46,82 nm.
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Concenço, G., N. F. Lopes, A. Andres, et al. "Controle de plantas daninhas em arroz irrigado em função de doses de herbicidas pré-emergentes e início da irrigação." Planta Daninha 24, no. 2 (2006): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582006000200013.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do início da irrigação, associado a doses dos herbicidas penoxsulam e clomazone, no controle de plantas daninhas e rendimento de grãos da cultura do arroz. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados e parcelas subsubdivididas, com entradas de água (19, 24 e 29 dias após emergência) e os herbicidas penoxsulam (18, 36, 54 e 72 g ha-1) e clomazone (300, 400, 500 e 600 g ha-1) aplicados em préemergência da cultura e das plantas daninhas. Os herbicidas penoxsulam, entre 18 e 72 g ha¹, e clomazone, entre 400 e 600 g ha-1, aplicados em pré-emergência na cultura do arroz irrigado, permitiram o início da irrigação até os 29 dias após emergência sem prejuízos no controle de plantas daninhas ou no rendimento de grãos da cultura.
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Baronova, O. D., V. A. Aksenova, N. I. Klevno, and S. V. Smerdin. "Experience of Fixed-Dose Combinations of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for Preventive Treatment in Children." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 101, no. 6 (2023): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.58838/2075-1230-2023-101-6-66-72.
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The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of preventive treatment with fixed-dose combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs (FDCs) in children from groups at high risk of developing tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. Effectiveness of preventive treatment was analyzed in 318 children from groups at high risk of developing tuberculosis. Also, we studied the possibility of successful completion of the full course of treatment using FDCs and preventive treatment regimens containing at least two single drugs. Inclusion criteria were as follows: the child at high risk of developing tuberculosis; no clinical and radiological signs of active tuberculosis; lack of information about the resistance to first-line drugs at the suspected source of infection; and negative HIV status. A group of children (172 people) underwent preventive treatment using FDCs, of them 126 patients received FDCs containing isoniazid 150 mg + pyrazinamide 500 mg + pyridoxine hydrochloride 15 mg, and 46 patients received FDCs containing isoniazid 150 mg + ethambutol 400 mg + pyridoxine hydrochloride 15 mg. The comparison group (CG) included 146 children who received preventive treatment with single drugs: 111 children received isoniazid and pyrazinamide, and 35 children received isoniazid and ethambutol.Results. When assessing the safety and effectiveness, no statistically significant differences were found when using FDCs and single-drug regimens. 91.9% of children receiving FDCs and 86.3% of children receiving single-drug regimens successfully completed the full course of treatment. When taking FDCs, there was a tendency to lower incidence of adverse events. With the FDC (isoniazid 150 mg + pyrazinamide 500 mg + pyridoxine hydrochloride 15 mg), the proportion of adverse events did not exceed 4.0%. There were no adverse events with the FDC (isoniazid 150 mg + ethambutol 400 mg + pyridoxine hydrochloride 15 mg).Conclusion. Preventive treatment of children with tuberculosis infection with FDC is a modern and effective technology.
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S. Abdel Gany, Zaynab, and Mayasaa F. Mahdi. "Cytotoxic Assay of Nigella sativa Leaf Callus Extract (Thymol) on Hep-2 Cell Line Using ELISA Assay." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 17, no. 2 (2017): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol17iss2pp63-66.
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Extract from cell culture of medicinal plant like Nigella sativa have been assessed for its cytotoxic properties. Thymol is likely responsible for the theraputic effects of Nigella sativa leaf callus extract. In this short study the inhibitory effect of Nigella sativa leaf callus extract (Thymol) has been studied on Human Lorgnx Epidrmoid Carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line during different exposure period of time (24, 48 and 72 hrs.) using different concentration of the extract (1000, 500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 µg/ml). The optical density of the Hep-2 cells has been readed on 492 nm wave length. Thymol –induced cytotoxicity was (500 µg/ml) which inhibit cell growing compared to the control and this ratio increased at the 48 hrs of exopsure and stopped at 72 hrs.
 Key wards: Nigella sativa, callus extract, cell line, ELISA assay.
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Fokin, A. A., K. A. Kireev, and S. V. Netisanov. "Gender differences in immediate outcomes of patients with acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 9, no. 1 (2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2020-9-1-25-33.
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Aim.To determine gender differences in immediate outcomes of patients with acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods.CABG was indicated to patients with persistent myocardial ischemia (postinfarction angina) who did not meet criteria for percutaneous coronary intervention. Hybrid procedures and CABG aimed at repairing mechanical complications of AMI were not considered. Men (n = 66, 65.3%) were assigned to Group 1, whereas women (n = 35, 34.7%) were assigned to Group 2. Women were older and obese (grades 2-3), had higher GRACE scores, levels of cardiospecific troponin and higher rate of type 2 diabetes (p<0.05). Men and women commonly had three-vessel CAD (3.0; 4.0). The mean SYNTAX score for men and women was 29.0 (24.0; 33.0) and 27.0 (24.0; 28.0), p>0.05.Results.The median preoperative period was 4.0 days (3.8; 5.0) in male patients and 5.0 (4.0; 6.0) days in female patients (p>0.05). The groups did not have any significant differences in technical aspects of CABG (p>0.05). Mortality was 3.0% in men and 2.9% in women (p>0.05). No deaths were recorded from the onset of AMI till the first 72 hours after CABG. Three patients who under CABG died after 72 hours from the onset of MI (p>0.05). The total number of complications was 13 (19.7%) in men and 5 (14.3%) in women (p>0.05). There were no cases of conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass.Conclusion.The immediate outcomes of delayed of-pump CABG in both, men and women with acute non-ST-segment myocardial infarction, were comparable in mortality and complications (p>0.05). The immediate outcomes of CABG performed within 72 hours in both, men and women, were comparable in mortality as compared to surgeries performed after 72 hours from the MI onset. Obtained data demonstrated safety of early open-heart surgeries for acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
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Papp, V. V., O. I. Metlytska, and M. D. Palkina. "GENETICS CHARACTERS INTRAPEDIGRYS TYPES OF CARPATHIAN BREED BEES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 53 (April 27, 2017): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.53.31.
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Introduction. Today we observed of tendency to reduction of honey bee population in the world what according to honey gathering. For example, in Ukraine, according to statistical data for 7 inhabitants of Poltava region accounts for 1 bee familie, compared with that of 300 years ago, it reached within 3 bee families per citizen. Science and practice open many secrets according biology of bees, allowing bee efficient manage vital functions for humans. But despite the opening of beekeeping is the only farm animal that over 100 years has not been the intervention of human hands to create a new breeds of honeybees. Genetic intensify the search in the field of beekeeping conditions in Ukraine needs to initiate breeding program as planned waste zoning and aspects of reproduction of bees.
 The aime of research: determining the characteristics of four intrapedigrees types in the Carpathian bee breed using the methods of population and molecular genetics.
 Materials and Methods: Sampling was performed from top five lines: Sinevir, Rakhiv, Vuchkivskyy and Hoverla bee colonies were taken 10 bee worker. For molecular genetic analysis used 20 insects of each Carpathian bees breed type with observance of the principle of representativeness. DNA extraction performed from homogenate tissues using the standard commercial kit «DNA Sorb B», «Amplisense», this some modifications [1] during sample preparation. Reaction mix purification from bees wax leading this octane. The structure of the primers used for genotyping of bees and their code designations are: OPA-1(3’- CAG GCC CTT C -5’); OPA-4 (3’- AAT CGG GCT G -5’); B15 (3’- GGA GGG TGT T -5’); S1 (3’-AGC AGC AGC AGC AGC AGC C-5’). The program amplification of RAPD - primers: 1 cycle: 940 - 3min .; 2-35 cycle: 940 - 1 min., 360 - 30s., 720 - 1hv.36 cycle (final elongation): 720 - 10 min. The program amplification with primers S1: 1 cycle of 94 ° C - 4min 2 - 31 cycle: 57 ° C - 2 minutes; 72 ° C - 4min; 94 ° C - 1 minute, 32 cycle: 57 ° C - 3 minutes; 72 ° C - 7 minutes. Electrophoretic separation of amplified sections performed in 2% agarose gel in Tris borate buffer conditions. Size of amplification products control was carried out using molecular weight marker 1 kb - Ledder plus ( «Fermentas», Vilnius, Latvia). Processing of the profiles was performed in a standard computer program GELSTAT [4]. Genetic distances were calculated in terms of genetic similarity indices obtained GELSTAT program as follows: Dxy = - lnI
 Building a kladohramm performed according to the values of genetic distances TREE program and MEGA 4 [5; 6]. Statistical analysis of amplicon frequencies, heterozygosity, linage similarity, etc., performed by Fisher's algorithm [7].
 Results and discussion. Molecular genetic studies on four primers made it possible to analyze 95 DNA fragments of different lengths, matching the same number of anonymous genetic loci of the genome of bees. Apply primer in RAPD - 15 made it possible to identify 18 amplification products in a range of molecular sizes from 410 to 1000 b. p. It noted that the DNA fragment size 410 b.p. 100% met all the members of Carpathian bees breed and described one genetic monomorfic locus. DNA size band 445 b. p. elektrophoregramme was found in only 20% of bees Vuchkivskiy type in the absence of individuals in other populations. Statistical comparisons (Fisher's criterion) frequency distribution of DNA fragments obtained with primer in -15 revealed a significant number of types of identification markers intrapedigrees of Carpathian bees. The largest number of DNA - fragments set for Vuchkivsksy type whose size is reached within the following limits: 1000, 630, 580 and 485b.p. DNA fragment of 1000 b.p. general was absent in bees Rakhiv type and Synevir, and its frequency in the population of Representatives Hoverla was 0.600 (p <0.001). As individuals, the members of such Synevir, observed no amplicon size 630 b. p. A fragment of a molecular weight of 710 b. p. observed with a frequency of 0.600 to 0.400 bees and type Rahiv, Goverla and 0,100 individuals in such Vuchkivskyy (p <0,05; p <0,01), respectively. Bees type Rahiv, Goverla and can be identified among other types of Carpathian breed presence significantly higher frequency amplification product whose size is 655, 515 b. p., 830 b. p, 530 b. p., respectively. Statistical analysis of the frequency distribution of the products of amplification bees four types derived from molecular genetic analysis of four primers in PCR was performed to identify the most characteristic identification of DNA fragments bees each of type [8]. Based on these characteristics were constructed genetic formula intrapedigrys types of Carpathian breed. According genetic formulas the highest number of specific DNA - fragments characterized by bees for types of Sinevir and Vuchkivskyy, that the overwhelming number of such markers has been found Sinevir system ISSR-S1 (four amplicons) and for the type of system was Vuchkivskyy informative method of RAPD B-15 primer (six DNA fragments). Type Rahiv different from the others by the presence of six DNA markers, such as bees of Hoverla characterized only four specific genetic loci.
 For the main parameters of population parameters highest level of genetic diversity characterized types Goverla and Rahiv because in terms of total heterozygosity significantly different from the type of bees from Sinevir and Vuchkivskyy values of 0.362 and 0.354, respectively (p <0,01; p <0,001). Moreover, the type of bees Hoverla observed the largest number of polymorphic loci - 54.9%, with a minimum of meaning in a population of individuals Sinevir type, and the lowest value of intrapedigrys similarity (number of DNA fragments in the same study group) were observed for a sample of bees type Rakhiv (0.665, p <0.001).
 Determining the genetic distances between breeds in genealogical structure can be used as a methodical approach predicting the effectiveness of a combination of lines and types for heterosis effect on purebred descendants basis.The maximum value of genetic distance algorithm M. Ney was established between the types Synevir and Rakhiv (0.435), slightly less than this value typical of the combination VUChK - Synevir (0.426) and VUChK - Rakhiv (0.423). The smallest genetic distance calculated between individuals and types Hoverla ‒ Vuchkivskyy, which indicates their high genetic relationship and the undesirability of crossing the representatives of these types together. Application of unweighted pair-group clustering based on the calculated distances made it possible to analyze the nature of the genetic relationships between intrapedigrys types of Carpathian breed in graphic terms.
 According dendrogram representatives Synevir types and Rahiv presented by individual branches, indicating their genetic identity. The Goverla and Vuchkivskyy type of bees and united in a common underklaster, due not only to the minimum calculated measure of genetic distance between data types, but confirmed the historical part of the establishment pedigree group Hoverla, based line mares are exactly the type Vuchkivskyy and lost insect genealogical group of Kolochavskiy type.
 Conclusion Determining genetic specificity linage types of Carpathian breed bees allowed to obtain the following results: 1) chosen for the study of molecular genetic markers is sufficiently informative for determining the unique, specific features of each breed group and the identification of any sample Carpathian bees with the opportunity to consider linage certain type; 2) received genetic formula of Carpathian bees linage types are proof of the impact of breeding activities and can form the basis the protection of intellectual property of their authors; 3) used molecular genetic markers may serve as a forecasting tool optimal compatibility of linage types to obtain heterosis effect in their offspring.
 The prospect of the research of this area is to select as a methodological tool for measuring genetic polymorphism Carpathian breed more accurate, reproducible and standardized markers, locus-specific micro satellite analysis, STR, research of structural genes single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP analysis, accumulation and formation the databases to assess the state of development, management and preservation unique of Carpathian bees gene pool.
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Mishra, Sneha, Aastha Raheja, Krishna Agarwal, and Gauri Gandhi. "Antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean sections: a tertiary care hospital based survey." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 6 (2021): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212151.
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Background: The objective of the study was to study the pattern of prophylactic antibiotics usage in caesarean sections in Indian settings.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on women undergoing elective and emergency caesarean sections in the Department of obstetrics and gynecology who were given antibiotics according to the existing trends in the hospital.Results: Almost 72% women received prophylactic antibiotics within 30-60 minutes of skin incision while rest 28% received it before 60 minutes. In post-operative period around 80% of the women received injectable antibiotics for 48 hours, 12% for 72 hours and rest 8% received antibiotics for more than 72 hours. 90% of the patients received injections ceftriaxone 1 gm IV BD, gentamycin 80 mg IV BD metronidazole 400 mg iv TDS while 10% received injection Ampicillin 500 mg QID along with Injection Metronidazole 400 mg iv TDS and injection gentamycin 80 mg IV BD. Two percent of the cases developed wound sepsis and required change to higher antibiotics.Conclusions: In spite of recommendations by International Guidelines for single dose of prophylactic antibiotics, multiple doses are being given. There are no Indian guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean sections and as a result, various combinations of antibiotics are being given for variable duration leading to antibiotic resistance and increased cost of treatment.
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Podstawski, Robert, Piotr Markowski, Cain C. T. Clark, et al. "International Standards for the 3‐Minute Burpee Test: High‐ Intensity Motor Performance." Journal of Human Kinetics 69, no. 1 (2019): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0021.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to develop international standards for evaluating strength endurance with the use of the 3‐Minute Burpee Test. The results of 3862 women (Poland – 2502, Great Britain – 500, Hungary – 412, Serbia – 448) and 5971 men (Poland – 4517, Great Britain – 500, Hungary – 451, Serbia – 503) aged 18‐25 (mean age of 20.36 ± 0.94 and 20.05 ± 1.25 y, respectively) were collated between 2004 and 2018. The students’ strength endurance was evaluated in the 3‐Minute Burpee Test. The results were expressed on a uniform scale with the 3‐sigma rule which was used to develop the T‐score scale for the 3‐Minute Burpee Test. Men completed 56.69 cycles/3 min and women – 48.84/3 min on average. The best male participant completed 82 burpees, and the best female participant – 73 burpees. The majority of male and female participants (66.71% and 68.18%, respectively) were characterized by average strength endurance in the 3‐Minute Burpee Test (range of scores: 47‐66 and 37‐60 cycles/3 min, respectively). Very good strength endurance (76‐85 and 72‐83 cycles/3 min, respectively) was noted in the smallest percentage of male and female participants (0.52% and 0.26%, respectively). Similar studies should be carried out in other countries and in different age groups to develop objective international classification standards for variously‐aged individuals.
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Maxton, D. G., I. Bjarnason, A. P. Reynolds, S. D. Catt, T. J. Peters, and I. S. Menzies. "Lactulose 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate, l-rhamnose and polyethyleneglycol 500 as probe markers for assessment in vivo of human intestinal permeability." Clinical Science 71, no. 1 (1986): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0710071.
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1. The urinary excretion of lactulose, 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (51Cr-EDTA), l-rhamnose and polyethyleneglycol 400 (PEG-400) has been measured after intravenous and oral administration in healthy volunteers. 2. Intestinal permeation of the probes was compared after their ingestion in iso-osmolar, hyperosmolar and cetrimide-containing test solutions. 3. Urinary recovery of lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA after intravenous administration reached 75% by 5 h, and exceeded 90% at 24 h, and these values were 62 and 72%, respectively, for l-rhamnose. Recovery of PEG-400, however, varied with the relative molecular mass (Mr) of each polymer from 25.9 to 68.5% in 24 h. 4. Intestinal permeation of ingested lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA was low, but that of L-rhamnose was 45-fold, and that of PEG-400 100-fold, greater. Permeation of lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA was markedly increased by cetrimide and hyperosmolar stress, whereas that of l-rhamnose showed little change. PEG-400 permeation was not affected by cetrimide, but was slightly increased by hyperosmolar stress. 5. The 5 h permeation of lactulose, but not of l-rhamnose or PEG-400, correlated with that of 51Cr-EDTA (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). 6. These findings are compatible with three distinct pathways of unmediated mucosal permeation, l-rhamnose (radius < 0.4 nm) passing mainly through small aqueous ‘pores’ of high incidence, lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA (radius > 0.5 nm) through larger aqueous ‘channels' of low incidence susceptible to cetrimide and hyperosmolar stress, and PEG-400, which has appreciable lipid solubility, by partition through cell membrane lipid as well as the aqueous ‘pores’.
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Fischer, Christian P., Natalie J. Hiscock, Samar Basu, et al. "Vitamin E isoform-specific inhibition of the exercise-induced heat shock protein 72 expression in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 5 (2006): 1679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00421.2005.
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Increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as seen in response to exercise, challenge the cellular integrity. Important protective adaptive changes include induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). We hypothesized that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins C (ascorbic acid) and E (tocopherol) would attenuate the exercise-induced increase of HSP72 in the skeletal muscle and in the circulation. Using randomization, we allocated 21 young men into three groups receiving one of the following oral supplementations: RRR-α-tocopherol 400 IU/day + ascorbic acid (AA) 500 mg/day (CEα), RRR-α-tocopherol 290 IU/day + RRR-γ-tocopherol 130 IU/day + AA 500 mg/day (CEαγ), or placebo (Control). After 28 days of supplementation, the subjects performed 3 h of knee extensor exercise at 50% of the maximal power output. HSP72 mRNA and protein content was determined in muscle biopsies obtained from vastus lateralis at rest (0 h), postexercise (3 h), and after a 3-h recovery (6 h). In addition, blood was sampled for measurements of HSP72, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, AA, and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α(8-PGF2α). Postsupplementation, the groups differed with respect to plasma vitamin levels. The marker of lipid peroxidation, 8-iso-PGF2α, increased from 0 h to 3 h in all groups, however, markedly less ( P < 0.05) in CEα. In Control, skeletal muscle HSP72 mRNA content increased 2.5-fold ( P < 0.05) and serum HSP72 protein increased 4-fold ( P < 0.05) in response to exercise, whereas a significant increase of skeletal muscle HSP72 protein content was not observed ( P = 0.07). In CEα, skeletal muscle HSP72 mRNA, HSP72 protein, and serum HSP72 were not different from Control in response to exercise. In contrast, the effect of exercise on skeletal muscle HSP72 mRNA and protein, as well as circulating HSP72, was completely blunted in CEαγ. The results indicate that γ-tocopherol comprises a potent inhibitor of the exercise-induced increase of HSP72 in skeletal muscle as well as in the circulation.
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Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy, Megawati Megawati, Astrilia Damayanti, et al. "Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seed Fiber for Bioethanol Production." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 1 (2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.69781.
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Bioethanol is alternative renewable energy typically obtained from glucose through a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the bioethanol fermentation process using yeast, there are several inhibiting factors, such as a high concentration of substrate, ethanol as the product, and nutrients. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of fermentation time (12- 72 hours), immobilized carrier size (sizes of 0.5 cm3 , 1 cm3 , and 1.5 cm3 ), and medium pH (3.0, 4.0, and 5.0) on the ethanol fermentation process using immobilized yeast in jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds and subsequently to compare its performance with a free cell system. The highest ethanol concentration (89.15 g/L) with a yield of 96.92% was obtained by immobilizing yeast in jackfruit seed at a fermentation time of 72 hours, carrier size of 0.5 cm3 , and medium pH of 5.0. When compared to the free cell system fermentation under identical operating conditions, immobilized yeast in jackfruit seed obtained 1.41 times higher ethanol concentration. Jackfruit seed also led to a higher ethanol concentration compared to other S. cerevisiae carriers. Altogether, our findings imply that jackfruit seed has great potential as a carrier of S. cerevisiae in the process of fermenting glucose into ethanol
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Jin, Hui Min, Van De Di, and Qin Jun Xu. "Effects of Commercial Glucose-Based Peritoneal Dialysates on Peripheral Blood Phagocytes Apoptosis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 19, no. 2_suppl (1999): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089901902s63.
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Background Variable glucose-lactate-based peritoneal dialysates have negative effects on peritoneal macrophages and peripheral blood leukocytes, reducing the capacity of leukocytes for chemotaxis, bacterial killing. But few reports exist on cell apoptosis. To investigate the effects of glucose-lactate-based peritoneal dialysates on cultured phagocytes (monocytes and neutrophils), we focused on studying phagocyte apoptosis after brief exposure to commercial peritoneal dialysates. Methods Cell apoptosis is measured by flow cytometry (FCM) to detect phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein-labeled annexin V. To mimic the composition of dialysate in vivo, where the freshly instilled solution mixes with the residual dialysate from the previous cycle, we performed the experiments using a mixture of fresh and spent dialysate (9:1). In our transient exposure experiments, monocytes and neutrophils were separately incubated in each of the test solutions (1.5% glucose an d 4.25% glucose dialysates) for 10 minutes or 30 minutes and afterward separated and resuspended in RPMI 1640 medium and cultured over the indicated time. Results After exposure to 1.5% glucose dialysates for 10 minutes, monocytes and neutrophils exhibited normally spontaneous apoptosis. After exposure to 4.25% glucose dialysate, monocytes underwent apoptosis increasingly, 21% % 5.0% versus 9.8% % 3.6% (p < 0.05) at 24 hours and 47% % 6.2% versus 16% % 4.0% (p < 0.01) at 72 hours compared with controls. For neutrophils, the results were discouraging: hypertonic dialysate not only increased apoptosis [65.36% % 2.6% versus 34.17% % 8.52% (p < 0.01) at 72 hours], but also induced cell necrosis. When incubation time was prolonged for 30 minutes, 1.5% dialysate acted like 4.25% dialysate, with the rate of apoptosis increasing rapidly [40% % 4.0% versus 16% % 4.0% (p < 0.01) at 72 hours for monocytes, and 66.90% % 5.6% versus 34.17% % 8.52% (p < 0.01) at 72 hours for neutrophils]. Conclusion Glucose-lactate-based peritoneal dialysates can induce peripheral blood phagocyte apoptosis in vitro, which indicates that glucose plays an important role in triggering cell apoptosis. Therefore, looking for new, physiologic peritoneal dialysis fluids to replace conventional fluids is reasonable.
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Fábián, Enikö Réka, and László Dévényi. "Hydrogen in the Plastic Deformed Steel." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.33.
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The solubility of hydrogen in iron and steels are affected by temperature and crystal structure. At lower temperatures (below about 400°C), the excess hydrogen, beyond that which is soluble (and therefore dissolved) interstitially, is retained in the steel in other sites commonly referred to as ”traps”. At room temperature, the dissolved hydrogen may be only a small fraction of the total hydrogen content. The movement of hydrogen in steel occurs by the migration of atoms through the lattice. The hydrogen diffusion takes place with interstitial mechanism. Trapping enhances the solubility of hydrogen but decreases the diffusivity. In practice hydrogen transmissibility is characterized by TH value. We have studied the effect of the cold rolling on the TH value for Al-killed low carbon enamelling-grade steel sheets. The microstructures of the samples were formed from ferrite, carbides and some non-metallic inclusions. Reducing the thickness of the steel sheets by cold rolling in carbides appears ruptures, microcavities, and the dislocation density increases in ferrite grains. Cold work increases the hydrogen permeation time. The average of TH values after hot rolling was 0.6; after about 72 % thickness reductions by cold rolling the average TH values was 101.4.
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Palmer, D. S., P. R. Ganz, H. Perkins, D. Rosborough, and G. Rock. "Development of a Heat-Treated Factor VIII/ von Willebrand Factor Concentrate Prepared from Heparinized Plasma." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 63, no. 03 (1990): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645054.
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SummaryA high yield, intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate derived from heparinized plasma has been developed which can be heat-treated at 60 °C, 68 °C or 80 °C/72 h to permit inactivation of viral contaminants which may be present. After cold reprecipitation of the heparinized cryoprecipitate (CRC), the resolubilized CRC precipitate was adjusted to 25-30 mg/ml protein and pH 6.35 ± 0.1 and incubated for 1 h at 8 °C. After centrifugation to remove the precipitated fibrinogen and fibronectin, a factor VIII-rich supernatant can be recovered which contains > 500 units of VIII : C per liter of starting plasma (Method I product) at a purity of 1.5 U/mg protein. Adjusted to 50 mM glycine and pH 6.8, the product can be lyophilized and heat-treated at 60 °C/72 h without a significant loss of VIII :C activity. However, at 68 °C or 80 °C/72 h, temperatures now reported to be more effective in viral inactivation, the recoveries were reduced to 68 and 33% respectively. Significantly improved recoveries after heat-treatment (HT) at 68 °C or 80 °C/72 h were achieved if the 8 °C supernatant product was prepared by a modified procedure (Method II). This further reduces the fibrinogen content of the product while maintaining VIII : C yields > 500 U/l at a purity of 1.9 U/mg. When adjusted to 50 mM glycine and 1-2% (w/v) sucrose (pH 6.8), lyophilized and heat treated at 60 °C, 68 °C or 80 °C/72 h, the VIII :C recoveries of Method II product were 88-100%, 79-84% and 80-83% of pre-HT levels respectively. The yield of VIII : C was > 400 U/l at a purity of 1.6-1.4 U/mg at 1-2% (w/v) sucrose even after the severe heat-treatment at 80 °C. In addition, the von Willebrand factor multimers are similar in size and triplet pattern to those observed in routine cryoprecipitate preparations.
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Camacho-Gutiérrez, Héctor Omar, Gonzalo Martínez-Barrera, and Luis Edmundo Lugo-Uribe. "Optimizing Flexural Strength in Polyester/Luffa Fiber Composites via Gamma Radiation Treatment." Pädi Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI 11, Especial5 (2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v11iespecial5.11824.
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This investigation aims to assess the flexural properties of polyester resin/luffa fibers composites. Three different kinds of specimens were tested; the first one consisted of polyester resin exposed to gamma rays at doses ranging from 0 to 500 kGy. The second were composites produced with polyester resin and 1-5 wt% luffa fibers, and the last one consisted of polyester resin and 5% luffa fibers composites exposed to gamma rays (100, 200, 400 and 500 kGy doses). The results show a maximum increase of 27% in flexural modulus when polyester resin was irradiated at a 500 kGy dose. However, there was a decrease of 72% in deformation when 5% of luffa fibers were added. This indicates an increase in rigidity in all three types of specimens but an adverse effect on the strain at rupture. Therefore, the combination of adding luffa fibers and exposing the composites to gamma rays appears to be a suitable method for improving rigidity, albeit with some limitations in deformation.
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VIEIRA, ALCÍLIO, CARLOS RUGGIERO, and SÉRGIO LUCIO DAVID MARIN. "FITOTOXICIDADE DE FUNGICIDAS, ACARICIDAS E INSETICIDAS, SOBRE O MAMOEIRO (Carica papaya L.) CULTIVAR SUNRISE SOLO IMPROVED LINE 72/12 EM CONDIÇÕES DE CAMPO." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 23, no. 2 (2001): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452001000200023.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos fitotóxicos de fungicidas, acaricidas e inseticidas e algumas associações entre eles, em plantas de mamoeiros (Carica papaya L.) cv. Sunrise Solo Improved Line 72/12, em condições de campo, no município de São Mateus -- ES, pertencente à maior região produtora do Estado. O experimento foi arranjado em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições e 03 plantas úteis por parcela. Foram utilizados os seguintes produtos, com as respectivas doses, para cada 100 L de água: chlorothalonil (Daconil PM-200g); mancozeb (Dithane PM -- 200g); oxicloreto de cobre (Reconil -- 400g); thiabendazole (Tecto 450 -- 100ml); dicofol + tetradifon (Carbax -- 200ml); triazophós (Hostathion 400 BR -- 150ml); óxido de fenbutatina (Torque 500 SC -- 60ml); e abamectin (Vertimec 18 CE -- 50ml): Analisou-se a fitotoxicidade dos produtos testados, em relação à altura da planta, nº de folhas, número de flores e frutos ; diâmetro do caule e queimaduras ou injúrias foliares. As datas das avaliações foram: 01 dia antes das pulverizações, 15 dias e 30 dias após as mesmas. Os fungicidas Daconil BR, Reconil e Tecto 450; o fungicida acaricida Dithane PM; os acaricidas Carbax e Torque 500 SC; e o inseticida-acaricida Vertimec 18 CE, aplicados isoladamente, não afetaram o crescimento e a produção das plantas, nem causaram injúrias nas folhas das mesmas. A associação de fungicidas e fungicida-acaricida, com os acaricidas, ou inseticida-acaricida, não mostrou nenhum efeito fitotóxico sobre os parâmetros de crescimento avaliados, nem causaram queimaduras ou injúrias foliares.
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Kashezhev, A. G., G. M. Lutokhin, M. A. Rassulova, et al. "Multimodal Stimulation in Impaired Gait and Balance Correction in Post-Stroke Patients." Doctor.Ru 22, no. 6 (2023): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-6-72-77.
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Aim: To assess the effect of multimodal virtual reality stimulation on gait and balance restoration in patients in acute and early recovery ischemic stroke. Design: Comparative randomised clinical study. Materials and methods. This study enrolled 67 patients with primary ischemic stroke which occurred during past 6 months, complicated with hemiparesis or lower limb monoparesis. Patients included 47 men and 20 women aged 44 to 75 years old. Patients were divided into two groups: in the study group (n = 36), the primary rehabilitation was supplemented with multimodal stimulation exercises on a training virtual reality set; controls (n = 31) had only primary therapy. Rehabilitation efficiency was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS), Tinetti Test, Rivermead Mobility Index. Results. In the study group, a course of rehabilitation resulted in marked improvement in motor functions and functional independence. NIHSS symptoms intensity decreased from 5.5 [4.0; 7.0] to 4.0 [3.0; 5.0] points in the study group and from 6.0 [5.0; 7.0] to 5.0 [4.5; 6.0] points in the control group (p = 0.019). Rivermead Mobility Index increased from 7.0 [6.0; 10.0] to 10.0 [8.0; 12.0] points in the study group and from 7.0 [5.0; 7.5] to 8.0 [6.5; 10.5] points in the control group (p = 0.049). When multimodal stimulation was added, also a more prominent increase in the MRCS muscle strength of the lower limb was observed: an increase was 0.7 [0.3; 0.9] points in the study group and 0.4 [0.2; 0.7] points in controls (p = 0.046). Conclusion. Multimodal stimulation is an efficient adjuvant approach to rehabilitation of patients shortly after an ischemic stroke. Keywords: virtual reality, medical rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation, ischemic stroke, pneumatic stimulation.
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Yuan, Hong-Xun, Li-Na Zhang, Gang Li, and Li Qiao. "Brain protective effect of dexmedetomidine vs propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in non-brain injured patients." World Journal of Psychiatry 14, no. 3 (2024): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i3.370.
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BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine and propofol are two sedatives used for long-term sedation. It remains unclear whether dexmedetomidine provides superior cerebral protection for patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation. AIM To compare the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury. METHODS Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for > 72 h were randomly assigned to receive sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol. The Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) was used to evaluate sedation effects, with a target range of -3 to 0. The primary outcomes were serum levels of S100-β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) every 24 h. The secondary outcomes were remifentanil dosage, the proportion of patients requiring rescue sedation, and the time and frequency of RASS scores within the target range. RESULTS A total of 52 and 63 patients were allocated to the dexmedetomidine group and propofol group, respectively. Baseline data were comparable between groups. No significant differences were identified between groups within the median duration of study drug infusion [52.0 (IQR: 36.0-73.5) h vs 53.0 (IQR: 37.0-72.0) h, P = 0.958], the median dose of remifentanil [4.5 (IQR: 4.0-5.0) μg/kg/h vs 4.6 (IQR: 4.0-5.0) μg/kg/h, P = 0.395], the median percentage of time in the target RASS range without rescue sedation [85.6% (IQR: 65.8%-96.6%) vs 86.7% (IQR: 72.3%-95.3), P = 0.592], and the median frequency within the target RASS range without rescue sedation [72.2% (60.8%-91.7%) vs 73.3% (60.0%-100.0%), P = 0.880]. The proportion of patients in the dexmedetomidine group who required rescue sedation was higher than in the propofol group with statistical significance (69.2% vs 50.8%, P = 0.045). Serum S100-β and NSE levels in the propofol group were higher than in the dexmedetomidine group with statistical significance during the first six and five days of mechanical ventilation, respectively (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine demonstrated stronger protective effects on the brain compared to propofol for long-term mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.
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Bitto, Alessandra, Bruce P. Burnett, Francesca Polito, et al. "The Steady-State Serum Concentration of Genistein Aglycone Is Affected by Formulation: A Bioequivalence Study of Bone Products." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/273498.
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An FDA-regulated, prescription medical food (Fosteum; 27 mg natural genistein, 200 IU cholecalciferol, 20 mg citrated zinc bisglycinate (4 mg elemental zinc) per capsule) and an over-the-counter (OTC) supplement (Citracal Plus Bone Density Builder; 27 mg synthetic genistein, 600 mg elemental calcium (calcium citrate), 400 IU vitamin D3, 50 mg magnesium, 7.5 mg zinc, 1 mg copper, 75 μg molybdenum, 250 μg boron per two tablets) were compared to a clinically proven bone formulation (27 mg natural genistein, 400 IU cholecalciferol, 500 mg elemental calcium (calcium carbonate) per tablet; the Squadrito formulation) in an 8-day steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) study of healthy postmenopausal women (n=30) randomized to receive 54 mg of genistein per day. Trough serum samples were obtained before the final dose on the morning of the ninth day followed by sampling at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hrs. Total serum genistein, afterβ-glucuronidase/sulfatase digestion, was measured by time-resolved fluorometric assay. Maximal time (Tmax), concentration (Cmax), half-life (T1/2), and area under the curve (AUC) were determined for genistein in each formulation. Fosteum and the Squadrito study formulation were equivalent for genisteinTmax(2 hrs),Cmax(0.7 μM),T1/2(18±6.9 versus 21±4.9 hrs), and AUC (9221±413 versus 9818±1370 ng·hr/mL). The OTC supplement’s synthetically derived genistein, however, showed alteredTmax(6 hrs),Cmax(0.57 μM),T1/2(8.3±1.9 hrs), and AUC (6474±287 ng·hr/mL). Differences in uptake may be due to multiple ingredients in the OTC supplement which interfere with genistein absorption.
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SHARMA, SHESH VIJAY, and V. K. PANDEY AND SIDDARTH SINGH. "Decolorization of Azo Dyes Using Immobilized Bacterial Isolates from Lentic Ecosystem." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND BIO-SCIENCE 38, no. 01 (2024): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.59467/jebs.2024.38.99.
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The bacteria, one of the most pervasive microorganisms globally, are involved in a myriad of roles in the lentic ecosystem. Consequently, the aquatic environment plays a crucial role in fostering soil health and nutrient levels. The present investigation focuses on potential microorganisms capable of decolorizing synthetic dyes, sourced from aquatic environments. The findings reveal that when cultured in broth containing Congo red dyes in varying doses (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 800 mg/L), the decolorization efficiency of bacterium TBSP1 was recorded at 99.8%, 99.6%, 95%, 87.8%, and 79.67%, respectively. Similarly, TBSP2 demonstrated an efficiency of 100%, 99%, 98%, 95%, 88.04%, 53.27%, and 65% for Congo red dye after 6 days post-inoculation at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 800 mg/L, respectively. At 3-day post-inoculation, TBSP1 and TBSP2 immobilized cells show case decolorization efficiencies of 96.04%, 93.73%, and 88.64% with low concentrations of dyes with Congo red, both with and without immobilization. Furthermore, due to changes in functional group by bacterial enzymatic activity, decolorization efficiency was observed with TBSP1 and TBSP2 at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation. . KEYWORDS :Bacteria, Decolorization, Immobilization, Dyes
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Garcia-Carbonero, Rocio, Fernando Rivera, Juan Maurel, et al. "A phase II, open-label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of ramucirumab combined with mFOLFOX-6 as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): CP12-0709/NCT00862784." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (2012): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.533.
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533^ Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) are overexpressed in CRC and mediate angiogenesis. Ramucirumab (RAM; IMC-1121B) is a fully human IgG1 MAb that inhibits binding of VEGF ligands to VEGFR-2 and inhibits VEGFR-2 activation and signaling. In preclinical CRC models VEGFR-2 inhibition confers antitumor activity. RAM was administered with mFOLFOX-6 as 1st-line therapy (rx) in mCRC. Methods: Eligible pts had mCRC with no prior chemo Rx (prior adjuvant rx was allowed), at least 1 measurable target lesion by RECIST v1.0, ECOG PS 0-1, and adequate organ function. Pts received RAM (8 mg/kg IV on D1), oxaliplatin (85 mg/m² IV on D1), folinic acid (400 mg/m² IV on D1), fluorouracil (5-FU, 400 mg/m² bolus followed by 2400 mg/m² continuous infusion over 46 hours on D1). Rx cycles were q2w and tumor assessments were q8w. Endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), safety, and pharmacokinetics/immunogenicity. Sample size was based on an improved median (medn) PFS from 8 to 11 months (m). Results: 48 pts received therapy. All were white; 25 M/23 F; median age 60.5 y. ECOG PS was 0/1 in 30/18 pts. 42 pts (88%) had metastatic disease, with liver (79%) and lung (35%) as most frequent sites. 13 (27%) pts had liver-only mCRC. The most frequently observed RAM-related adverse events (AEs) included hypertension 46% (15% Grade [G] ≥3); diarrhea 31% (2% G≥3); and nausea and infusion-related reactions, each 19% (0% G≥3). 2 pts died on study due to acute MI or cardiopulmonary arrest. Medn PFS was 11.5 m (9-13 m 95% CI) with 1-yr PFS of 48% (32-62% 95% CI). ORR: 67% (52-80% 95% CI); disease control rate (DCR: CR+PR+SD): 94% (83-99% 95% CI; 5 pts had CR, 27 had PR and 13 had SD). Medn duration of response was 11.0 m (7-12 m 95% CI). One-year OS was 85% (72-93% 95% CI). As of 4/15/2011, 2 pts continued to receive rx, 20 had died and 28 (58.3%) remained alive. Conclusions: RAM combined with mFOLFOX-6 was reasonably tolerated in pts with mCRC. Median PFS exceeds 11 m. PFS, ORR, and DCR are encouraging and favor investigation of this regimen and of RAM in mCRC.
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Rahman, Md Mahmudur, Md Enamul Kabir, Md Mominul Islam, Md Abu Bin Hasan Susan, and Muhammed Shah Miran. "Preparation and Characterization of Porous Carbon Material from Banana Pseudo-Stem." Dhaka University Journal of Science 72, no. 1 (2024): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v72i1.71190.
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In this work, pseudo-stem of a banana plant was used as a sustainable and affordable source to prepare porous carbon materials (PCM) on a large scale. After fine treatment, the material was annealed at 500, 600, and 700 °C using a tube furnace under nitrogen flow. The prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FT-IR spectra show that the broad peak at the range of 1110-1160 cm-1 comes from the superimposed peaks of C-N for a single or more than one functional group which debunks the possibility of generating nitrogen-doped carbon. TEM and SEM analyses confirmed the porous structure of PCM with the pores connected to one, and a spongy structure was observed in the prepared carbon material. XRD analysis revealed that the carbon materials are crystalline. XPS investigation provided information regarding the dimension of which elements are present in the valence states and constituent elements, depicting the presence of a dominant graphitic C1speak at approximately 284 eV, along with a distinct O1s peak at around 532 eV. Additionally, a relatively weaker N1s peak (approximately 400 eV) was observed. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 72(1): 63-70, 2024 (January)
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Lozhkin, A. V., та P. M. Anderson. "Holocene Sediments оf the Adycha River Valley, Yakutia". Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, № 2 (28 червня 2024): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2024-2-59-72.
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Palynological analysis of radiocarbon-dated sediments from floodplain deposits and peat bogs preserved in the terraces along the Adycha River, a tributary of the Yana River, document the regional presence of larch forests over at least the last 10 500 14C BP (12 500 cal BP). The Adycha records indicate that the most favorable climatic conditions during this interval occurred during the Early Holocene, persisting up to 8 200 14C BP (9 200 cal BP), and during the Middle Holocene between c. 6 000-5 100 14C BP (6 900-5 800 cal BP). Climatic warming also happened between 400-190 calendar years ago, following the cooling of the Little Ice Age. The expansion of Pinus pumila into the Yana River basin occurred c. 7 000 14C BP (7 800 cal BP). A date of 8 200 14C BP falls within an interval of global cooling, referred to as the Bond 5 event, as defined from North Atlantic marine deposits.
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Dunn, M. M., E. A. Drab, and D. B. Rubin. "Effects of irradiation on endothelial cell-polymorphonuclear leukocyte interactions." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 6 (1986): 1932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.6.1932.
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Prominent early effects of irradiation include neutrophilic vasculitis and interstitial inflammation. To examine the role of the endothelium in these events, bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC) were irradiated (5 Gy) under ambient conditions followed by measurements of neutrophil chemotaxis toward conditioned media and adherence to EC. Neutrophil chemotactic activity increased at 4, 24, and 72 h in both the sham-treated (4.2 +/- 2.5, 15.2 +/- 4.8, and 20.0 +/- 2.7 microns, respectively) and irradiated EC-conditioned media (5.0 +/- 2.1, 18.7 +/- 4.5, and 24.1 +/- 3.4 microns, respectively), and the difference between them was significant at 72 h. The chemoattractant was trypsin sensitive, heat resistant, and chemotactic. It was not present in the EC sonicate. Adherence of neutrophils to EC that were irradiated 4 h earlier (19.3 +/- 4.2%) increased compared with controls (11.1 +/- 2.4%) and was similar to EC pretreated with zymosan-activated serum (22.0 +/- 4.0%), which is a potent inducer of adherence. Thus, following irradiation, bovine aortic EC have greater neutrophil chemotactic activity in their media and are more adherent to polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
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Adhikari, Dipan, Rahul Ghosh, and Sagar Dig. "Evaluation of salinity-mediated end-point cytogenotoxicity in Germinating Roots of Lathyrus sativus L., Variety Mahatora.: Bio-assay guided biomarker studies." Innovations in Agriculture 7 (April 30, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ia.2024.124263.
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Pulse crops are susceptible to salt stress as per different research reports but how far Lathyrus sativus L., responds to increasing salinity has been taken up in this work. Thus, the harmful effects of increasing salinity on plant cells at various phases of chromosomal integrity and nucleolus morphology have been evaluated in Lathyrus sativus L., variety Mahatora. Lathyrus sativus variety Mahatora seeds were subjected to seed priming with serially diluted concentrations of NaCl (500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 mM respectively) and germination percentage (72 hrs), root length inhibition (7 days) normal and abnormal MI (Mitotic Index) with 2% aceto-orcein staining, nucleolar morphometric cum frequency analysis (0.05% hematoxylin), total protein, POX and Electrolyte leakage from etiolated roots and root metabolic activity/dehydrogenase activity were measured (TTC staining). From 200 mM onwards, significant reduction in germination percentage and root length inhibition resulted and at 300 and 400 mM salt-priming significant reduction in normal MI%, increased Abnormal MI% showing both aneugenic and clastogenic responses were accounted. At 500 mM pre-exposed root tip cells were found to develop gradual blackening and root tip death and very less viable cells with highly necrotic, vacuolated with chromosomal erosions and nuclear dismantling and nuclear blobbing resulted apoptosis in addition to decreased POX and dehydrogenase activity (300–500 mM NaCl-treated test sets). NaCl stands out as a potential cyto-genotoxicant in Lathyrus sativus L., variety Mahatora. The maximum tolerance level (200–300 mM) and at 400–500 mM NaCl has been highly cytotoxic as per cytological and biochemical data. From 200 mM onwards, nucleolar volume and frequency were altered and at 500 mM pretreatment complete degradation of nuclear machinery was encountered. Out of salinity significant proportions of C-mitosis and polyploidy showing NaCl has a disruptive action in spindle fibre formation that in turn produced somatic diads and subsequent polyploidy formations (At 200 to 300 mM).
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Król, Magdalena, Justyna Morawska, Włodzimierz Mozgawa, and Waldemar Pichór. "Low-temperature synthesis of zeolite from perlite waste — Part I: review of methods and phase compositions of resulting products." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 3 (2014): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0216-y.
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AbstractIn this paper a review of the recent studies on the synthesis of zeolites from expanded perlite under hydrothermal conditions is presented. Attention is paid to possible outcomes of synthesis from low cost glass material, such as perlite. The study also investigates the phase composition of zeolitic materials obtained by modification of by-product derived from an expanded perlite production process. The synthesis was made using the hydrothermal method with sodium hydroxide under autogenous pressure at a temperature below 100 °C for 1 to 72 h. It was possible to obtain a zeolitic material at a temperature as low as 60 °C using 4.0 M NaOH. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the biggest peak intensity of zeolite X with 4.0 M NaOH at the temperature of 70 °C. During synthesis at higher temperature zeolite Na-P1 (with 3.0 M NaOH at 90 °C) and hydroxysodalite (with 5.0 M NaOH at 90 °C) were obtained.
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UGOCHUKWU, EBELECHUKU FRANCESCA, CHINYERE UKAMAKA ONUBOGU, EMEKA STEPHEN EDOKWE, et al. "A Review and Analysis of Outcomes from Prevention of Mother-to- Child Transmission of HIV Infant Follow-up Services at a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit of a Major Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: 2007-2020." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 10, no. 2 (2021): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.510.
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Background and Objective: Above 90% of childhood HIV infections result from mother-to child transmission (MTCT). This study examined the MTCT rates of HIV-exposed infants enrolled in the infant follow-up arm of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in a teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a 14-year review of outcomes of infants enrolled in the infant follow-up arm of the PMTCT program of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria. The majority of subjects were enrolled within 72 hours of birth and were followed up until 18 months of age according to the National Guidelines on HIV prevention and treatment. At enrollment, relevant data were collected prospectively, and each scheduled follow-up visit was recorded both electronically and in physical copy in the client’s folders. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The major outcome variable was final MTCT status. Results: Out of 3,784 mother-infant dyads studied 3,049 (80.6%) received both maternal and infant Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis while 447 (11.8%) received none. The MTCT rates were 1.4%, 9.3%, 24.1%, and 52.1% for both mother and infant, mother only, infant only, and none received ARV prophylaxis respectively. There was no gender-based difference in outcomes. The MTCT rate was significantly higher among mixed-fed infants (p<0.001) and among those who did not receive any form of ARVs (p<0.001). Among dyads who received no ARVs, breastfed infants significantly had a higher MTCT rate compared to never breastfed infants (57.9% vs. 34.8%; p<0.001). The MTCT rate was comparable among breastfed (2.5%) and never-breastfed (2.1%) dyads who had received ARVs. After logistic regression, maternal (p<0.001, OR: 7.00) and infant (p<0.001, OR: 4.00) ARV prophylaxis for PMTCT remained significantly associated with being HIV-negative. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Appropriate use of ARVs and avoidance of mixed feeding in the first six months of life are vital to the success of PMTCT programs in developing countries. PMTCT promotes exclusive breastfeeding and reduces the burden of pediatric HIV infection, thereby enhancing child survival. Copyright © 2021 Ugochukwu et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
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Kerstens, F., S. Mohamed, I. Visman, F. Turkstra, C. Swearingen, and Y. Yazici. "AB0536 EFFECT OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE TREATMENT IN MUCOCUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH BEHÇET’S SYNDROME." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1565.2–1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4127.
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Background:Behçet syndrome (BS) is a rare multisystemic vasculitis, most commonly seen in regions along the ancient Silk Road. It runs a relapsing and remitting course. Mucocutaneous disease, consisting of oral ulcers, genital ulcers and skin lesions is often reported. EULAR recommendations advise colchicine and topical agents for the treatment of these lesions.1Not all patients respond adequately, thus, it is important to explore alternative treatment options.Objectives:To study the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 400 mg daily in patients with mucocutaneous BS.Methods:Data on all patients who presented at the outpatient Behçet clinic in New York were recorded. Patients with a first prescription with HCQ and a follow-up of 3 months (range: 2.75-41.2 months) were included. Patient reported outcomes BSAS and RAPID3 were used to evaluate the effect of HCQ. Results of all patients and of International Study Group (ISG) positive patients were analyzed separately using Wilcoxon rank tests.Results:We included 94 patients with a first prescription of HCQ. 72 patients (76.6%) fulfilled ISG criteria. Mean age was 36.1 years (SD 12.5), 76 patients (80.9%) were female and 11 patients (11.7%) were from Silk Road countries.Mean duration until follow-up was 6.5 months (SD 5.7). Median BSAS scores in ISG+ patients at baseline did not differ significantly from ISG- patients, except for skin lesions (5.0 in ISG+ vs. 0.5 in ISG- p=0.005). BSAS scores at follow-up did not differ significantly (ISG+ vs. ISG-).Median BSAS scores were significantly lower at follow-up compared to baseline for oral ulcers (p=0.010), skin lesions (p=0.018) and overall activity (p=0.019). Regarding genital ulcers there was no significant result, due to only 37 patients reporting complaints of genital ulcers. Performing these analyses in ISG+ patients only did not change these results, except for BSAS overall activity, which lost significance (p=0.057).RAPID3 scores were not statistically different between baseline and follow-up (9.67 vs. 8.75, p=0.145), nor were its separate components function (p=0.67 vs. 0.67, 0.713), pain (4.0 vs. 4.0, p=0.157) and patient global (5.0 vs. 4.5, p=0.095).The majority of patients used prednisone at baseline (58.5%) and at follow-up (57.4%). In 15 patients, prednisone was stopped at follow up, in 13 patients it was started.Table 1.Median BSAS scores of patients treated with HCQ.Baseline(median, IQR)Follow-up 3 months(median, IQR)P-valuesAll patients (n=94)Oral ulcers5.0 (2.00-7.88)3.0 (1.00-6.00)0.010Genital ulcers0.0 (0.00-3.88)0.0 (0.00-3.00)0.371Skin lesions5.0 (1.25-7.00)2.5 (0.00-7.00)0.018Overall activity5.5 (4.00-8.00)5.0 (2.00-7.25)0.019ISG+ patients (n=72)Oral ulcers5.25 (2.00-7.63)3.25 (1.00-6.00)0.007Genital ulcers0.5 (0.00-4.00)0.0 (0.00-3.00)0.684Skin lesions5.0 (2.00-7.13)3.0 (0.00-7.00)0.015Overall activity6.0 (4.00-8.00)5.0 (2.00-7.50)0.057Conclusion:HCQ improves median BSAS scores for oral ulcers, skin lesions and overall activity at 3 months follow-up compared to baseline. These results were similar in ISG+ patients (except for overall activity). Additional research is needed to assess the effect of HCQ in more patients and over multiple time points.References:[1]Hatemi G et al. 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Behçet’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;77:808-818Disclosure of Interests:Floor Kerstens: None declared, Shreen Mohamed: None declared, Ingrid Visman: None declared, Franktien Turkstra: None declared, Christopher Swearingen: None declared, Yusuf Yazici Consultant of: BMS, Celgene Corporation, Genentech, Sanofi – consultant, Consultant of: BMS, Celgene Corporation, Genentech, Sanofi – consultant
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Mao, I.-Chieh, Pei-Ru Lin, Shin-Hwar Wu, Hsin-Hui Hsu, Pei-Shan Hung, and Chew-Teng Kor. "First 24-Hour Potassium Concentration and Variability and Association with Mortality in Patients Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Units: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 12 (2022): 3383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123383.
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Serum potassium (K+) levels between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L are considered safe for patients. The optimal serum K+ level for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains unclear. This retrospective study investigated the association between ICU mortality and K+ levels and their variability. Patients aged >20 years with a minimum of two serum K+ levels recorded during CRRT who were admitted to the ICU in a tertiary hospital in central Taiwan between January 01, 2010, and April 30, 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were categorized into different groups based on their mean K+ levels: <3.0, 3.0 to <3.5, 3.5 to <4.0, 4.0 to <4.5, 4.5 to <5.0, and ≥5.0 mmol/L; K+ variability was divided by the quartiles of the average real variation. We analyzed the association between the particular groups and in-hospital mortality by using Cox proportional hazard models. We studied 1991 CRRT patients with 9891 serum K+ values recorded within 24 h after the initiation of CRRT. A J-shaped association was observed between serum K+ levels and mortality, and the lowest mortality was observed in the patients with mean K+ levels between 3.0 and 4.0 mmol/L. The risk of in-hospital death was significantly increased in those with the highest variability (HR and 95% CI = 1.61 [1.13–2.29] for 72 h mortality; 1.39 [1.06–1.82] for 28-day mortality; 1.43 [1.11–1.83] for 90-day mortality, and 1.31 [1.03–1.65] for in-hospital mortality, respectively). Patients receiving CRRT may benefit from a lower serum K+ level and its tighter control. During CRRT, progressively increased mortality was noted in the patients with increasing K+ variability. Thus, the careful and timely correction of dyskalemia among these patients is crucial.
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Ramanathan, R. K., T. Dragovich, D. Richards, et al. "Results from phase Ib studies of PX-12, a thioredoxin inhibitor in patients with advanced solid malignancies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2571.
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2571 Background: PX-12, a small-molecule inhibitor of Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) stimulates apoptosis, down-regulates HIF- 1α, VEGF in animal models. High levels of Trx-1 have been linked to chemoresistance in lung cancers. The phase 2 dose of PX-12 was 226 mg/m2 given by 3-h infusion IV x 5 days, q 21d (Ramanathan RK et al. CCR 13; 2109; 2007). Two Phase 1b trials of PX-12 in patients with advanced solid tumors have been completed to determine the safety, tolerability and optimal biologic dose when delivered by prolonged infusion. Methods: PX-12 was administered as a 24-h infusion every q7- 14d starting at 150 mg/m2/day (n=18); or a 72-h infusion q 21d, starting at 300 mg/m2/day (n=14) using a portable delivery pump. Results: Both the 24- or 72-h infusion of PX-12 were well tolerated in patients at doses up to 400 mg/m2/day. Common grade 1/2 AE's included fatigue, taste alteration, and odor caused by expired drug metabolite. In the 24 h study the maximal dose evaluated was 450 mg/m2. No DLTs were observed in this study. Since no MTD was reached on 24-h infusion up to 450 mg/m2 dose level, additional higher doses were explored utilizing 72-h infusion. DLT in the 72-h study at the highest dose administered (500 mg/m2/day) included reversible hypoxia with or without pneumonitis. Best response was stable disease in 3 pts (SD): liver cancer and colon cancer (24-h infusion) and rectal cancer (72-h infusion). Pharmacodynamics (PD): PX- 12 lowered circulating Trx-1 levels in patients who had starting Trx-1 levels 3-fold greater than that of the normal population (5.4 ng/mL) including all three SD. Circulating VEGF and FGF-2 levels were also lowered over multiple courses of treatment in these patients. The pharmacokinetics of PX-12 showed a dose dependent increase of Cmax and no accumulation over multiple cycles following a 24 h infusion. Conclusions: Dosing at 400 mg/m2/day appears safe and tolerable as a 24–72-h infusion. Extending the infusion time to 72h appears to decrease the intensity of cough and odor compared to bolus 1–3 h infusion. The PD effect produced by PX-12 was apparent only in those patients with elevated plasma Trx-1 levels. Patients with elevated TRX-1 levels appear to have the best probability of having SD. Supported by ProlX Pharmaceuticals/Oncothyreon through an award from the NCI. [Table: see text]
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Khatun, Amina, and Shamim Shamsi. "In vitro evaluation of fungicides and plant extracts against the fungi associated with seeds of nine chickpea varieties." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 25, no. 1 (2016): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v25i1.28498.
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A total of nine species of fungi were found to be associated with seeds of nine varieties of chickpea. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link., A. niger Van Tiegh., A. fumigatus Fresenius., A. nidulans Eidam, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Penicillium Link., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.: Fr.) Vuill and Trichoderma viride Pers. Five fungicides viz., Bavistin 50 WP, Dithane M-45, Greengel 72 WP, Ridomil MZ Gold and Tall 25 EC at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm were evaluated against the test fungi. Tall 25 EC were found most efficient inhibitor which completely inhibited the radial growth of the test fungi followed by Bavistin 50 WP, Dithane M-45 and Greengel 72 WP. Antifungal properties of ethanol extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Allium sativum L., Citrus medica L., Datura metel L. and Psidium guajava L. at 5, 10 and 20% concentrations were evaluated against the test fungi. Allium sativum L. was found most efficient inhibitor of the test fungi followed by D. metel L., A. indica A. Juss., C. medica L. and P. guajava L.Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 83-90, 2016
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Reyes-Díaz, Marjorie, Paz Cárcamo-Fincheira, Ricardo Tighe-Neira, Adriano Nunes-Nesi, Arnould Savouré, and Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau. "Effects of Foliar Boron Application on Physiological and Antioxidants Responses in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Cultivars." Plants 13, no. 11 (2024): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13111553.
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Boron (B) is a micronutrient crucial for the growth, development, productivity, and quality of crops. However, in areas characterized by acid soil (pHwater < 5.0) and high rainfall, soil B concentration tends to decrease, leading to insufficient supply to crops. This study was aimed at determining the optimal rate of B fertilization to enhance Vaccinium corymbosum L. performance in acid conditions. One-year-old cultivars with contrasting Al resistance (Al-sensitive Star and Al-resistant Cargo) were used. Plants were conditioned in plastic pots containing 18 L of half-ionic-strength Hoagland solution (pH 4.5) for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the following B treatments were applied foliarly: control, without B application (distilled water), 200, 400, and 800 mg L−1 of B as Solubor® for up to 72 h. Photosynthetic performance, root and shoot B levels, antioxidants, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Root and shoot B concentrations increased with the increasing B application, being higher in leaves than in roots of both cultivars. Net photosynthesis decreased at 800 mg L−1 B supply and effective quantum yield of PSII at 72 h in all B treatments. Lipid peroxidation increased in both cultivars at 800 mg L−1 B treatment. Antioxidant activity increased in all B treatments in both cultivars; while, at 400 and 800 mg L−1 B, total phenols increased in leaves of cultivar Star and decreased in cultivar Cargo. In conclusion, optimal B foliar application for highbush blueberry appears to be around 400 mg L−1 B. The appropriate B foliar application could help mitigate potential stress-induced problems in highbush blueberry cultivation. However, the optimal foliar B application should be confirmed in field experiments to help the farmers manage B nutrition.
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Ha, Pham Thi, Nguyen Van Tuan, Le Thu Quy, et al. "A STUDY ON EROSION AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF Cr3C2-NiCr CERMET COATINGS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 3B (2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/3b/12785.
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In this study, Cr3C2-25NiCr cermet coating samples were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) technique on 410 stainless steel substrate with different plasma spraying parameters, namely, the plasma current (500 and 600 A), and the powder feed rate (10 and 30 g/min). The erosion-corrosion behaviour of the coatings was studied by electrochemical measurements, salt spray and erosion-corrosion tests. The electrochemical tests were performed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. During the erosion-corrosion test, the samples were immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution containing 0.25 wt.% SiO2 particles with a rotational speed of 950 rpm for 72 hours. The obtained results showed that the plasma sprayed coating sample at the plasma current of 600 A and the powder feed rate of 10 g/min has a best erosion-corrosion resistance. Red rust spots did not appear on surface of this coating after 120 hours of salt spray test. It was much slower than on the others (after only 24 hours salt spray test). The weight loss of this coating during the erosion-corrosion test was lower than the remaining samples. These results are consistent with the results of electrochemical tests.
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Beers, E. H., J. Mollet, R. W. Browne, and E. A. Eisner. "Residual Control of Mites on Apple and Pear Foliage, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (1989): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.1b.
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Abstract Treatments were applied on 28 Jul to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operating at 400-500 psi. Treated trees were sprayed with a mixture of Abamectin 0.15 EC (0.025 lb [AI]/acre) and Volck Superior spray oil (1 gal/acre). The control trees were left unsprayed. Rates are based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. Leaves were collected from the trees at 0 (after spray had dried), 1, 3, 7, and 14 DAT. Leaves were collected from above a height of 1.3 m to avoid foliage made wet by under-tree irrigation. No precipitation occurred during this period. Ten 2.2-cm diam leaf disks were punched from leaves and floated on distilled water in 15-cm plastic Petri dishes. Both mite species were collected from infested apple trees with a mixed population. Five mature female mites were transferred to each disk and held at room temperature for 72 h. Mites were categorized at this time by counting the number dead, alive, or missing.
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Marcelino, Marcela M., Gary A. Leeke, Guozhan Jiang, et al. "Supercritical Water Gasification of Coconut Shell Impregnated with a Nickel Nanocatalyst: Box–Behnken Design and Process Evaluation." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083563.
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The energy conversion of nickel-impregnated coconut shells using supercritical water has not yet been explored. The impregnation process was conducted at room temperature and a pH of 5.80 for 72 h. Characterization of the prepared sample confirmed the presence of nickel nanoparticles with an average size of 7.15 nm. The gasification of control and impregnated samples was performed at 400–500 °C, biomass loading from 20 to 30 wt% and residence time from 20 to 60 min. The response surface methodology (RSM) approach, with a Box–Behnken method, was used to design the experiments. The optimization model showed that the non-catalytic process at 500 °C, 60 min and 20 wt% of biomass loading could promote an H2 yield of 8.8 mol% and gasification efficiency of 47.6%. The gasification of nickel-impregnated coconut shells showed significantly higher gasification efficiency (58.6%) and hydrogen yield (17.2 mol%) with greater carbon and hydrogen efficiencies (109.4 and 116.9%) when compared to the non-catalytic process. The presence of nickel particles in the biomass matrix as nanocatalysts promoted higher hydrogen production and supercritical water gasification efficiency.
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Wystalska, Katarzyna, and Anna Grosser. "Sewage Sludge-Derived Biochar and Its Potential for Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Filtrate Generated during Dewatering of Digested Sludge." Energies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061310.
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Utilizing waste, such as sewage sludge, into biochar fits the circular economy concept. It maximizes the reuse and recycling of waste materials in the wastewater treatment plant. The experiments were conducted to assess: (1) the impact of the temperature on the properties of biochar from sewage sludge (400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C); (2) how the physical activation (CO2, hot water) or chemical modification using (MgCl2, KOH) could affect the removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from filtrate collected from sludge dewatering filter belts or synthetic solution, wherein the concentration of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus were similar to the filtrate. Based on the Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface and the type and concentration of surface functional groups for the second stage, biochar was selected and produced at 500 °C. The modification of biochar had a statistically significant effect on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the media. The best results were obtained for biochar modified with potassium hydroxide. For this trial, 15%/17% (filtrate/synthetic model solution) and 72%/86% nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively, were achieved.
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Islam, Md Ariful, S. Shamsi, S. Hosen, and MA Bashar. "In vitro effects of plant extracts and fungicides to control wilt of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, no. 1 (2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i1.46348.
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Five fungicides viz., Bavistin DF, Capvit 50 WP, Dithane M-45, Greengel 72 WP and Tilt 250 EC were selected to evaluate in vitro efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm following poisoned food technique. Bavistin, Capvit and Tilt were found to be most effective inhibitor against the test pathogens isolated from brinjal wilt. Bavistin and Tilt completely inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and F. solani at all the tested concentrations. Out of five plant extracts, Allium sativum identified as the promising botanical fungicide for testing against wilted plants of brinjal. The result of present study will be helpful in suggesting some effective plant extracts and fungicides for controlling wilting of brinjal.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 39-44, 2017 (January)
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Shah, Jharna N., Santosh B. Murthy, Rachel Dlugash, et al. "Venous Thromboembolism After Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Results From the CLEAR III Trial." Neurosurgery 84, no. 3 (2018): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy189.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after intracerebral hemorrhage is well studied, but data on patients with spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are limited. OBJECTIVE To study the factors associated with VTE, association between VTE and clinical outcomes in IVH, and safety of VTE chemoprophylaxis in IVH treated with intraventricular catheters and thrombolysis. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the CLEAR III trial, a multicenter, randomized trial comparing external ventricular drainage, with administration of intraventricular alteplase vs placebo, for obstructive IVH. Predictor variable was incident VTE in the first 30 d. Outcome measures were factors associated with VTE, and death/severe disability (modified Rankin Score 4-6) at 6 mo. RESULTS Of the 500 patients with IVH, VTE occurred in 59 patients (11.8%) within the first 30 d. VTE chemoprophylaxis was initiated in 412 (82.4%) patients, but before VTE diagnosis in only 401 (80.2%) at median of 4 d (interquartile range, 1-8) from IVH onset, and was not associated with intracranial bleeding or catheter tract hemorrhage. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, infection within 30 d (odds ratio, 1.80; confidence interval, 1.03-3.17) was significantly associated with higher odds of VTE occurrence. Starting VTE chemoprophylaxis after 72 h was additionally associated with VTE occurrence after the first week. CONCLUSION Infection and delay in timely initiation of VTE chemoprophylaxis were associated with VTE occurrence. VTE chemoprophylaxis in IVH appears safe and should not be delayed beyond standard care policies for ICH including when intraventricular catheter placement and thrombolytic therapy are performed.
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Zhao, Wenxin, Yu Zhao, Yu Zheng, et al. "Long-term variability in black carbon emissions constrained by gap-filled absorption aerosol optical depth and associated premature mortality in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 11 (2024): 6593–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6593-2024.
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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in air quality, public health, and climate, but its long-term variations in emissions and health effects have been insufficiently understood for China. Here, we present the spatiotemporal evolution of BC emissions and the associated premature mortality in China during 2000–2020 based on an integrated framework combining satellite observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, a “top-down” inversion approach, and an exposure–response model. We found that the “bottom-up” approach most likely underestimated BC emissions, particularly in less developed western and remote areas. Pollution controls were estimated to reduce the annual BC emissions by 26 % during 2010–2020, reversing the 8 % growth during 2000–2010. BC emissions in the main coal-producing provinces declined by 2010 but rebounded afterwards. By contrast, provinces with higher economic and urbanization levels experienced emission growth (0.05–0.10 Mg km−2 yr−1) by 2010 and declined greatly (0.07–0.23 Mg km−2 yr−1) during 2010–2020. The national annual BC-associated premature mortality ranged between 733 910 (95 % confidence interval: 676 790–800 250) and 937 980 cases (864 510–1 023 400) for different years. The changing BC emissions contributed to an increase of 78 590 cases (72 520–85 600) during 2000–2005 and a decrease of 133 360 cases (123 150–145 180) during 2010–2015. Strategies differentiated by region are needed for further reducing BC emissions and their health and climate impacts.
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Kaeoboon, Somruthai, Rungcharn Suksungworn, and Nuttha Sanevas. "Toxicity response of Chlorella microalgae to glyphosate herbicide exposure based on biomass, pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency." Plant Science Today 8, no. 2 (2021): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1068.
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The extensive use of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) herbicide in agriculture is accompanied by the risk of environmental contamination of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the effects of glyphosate at different concentrations (50–500 µg ml-1) on three Chlorella species including Chlorella ellipsoidea, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella vulgaris especially in relation to the biomass, pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency were assessed. After treatment for 24 hr, the acute toxicity results showed that C. vulgaris (IC50 = 449.34 ± 6.20 µg ml-1) was more tolerant to glyphosate than C. ellipsoidea (IC50 = 288.23 ± 23.53 µg ml-1) and C. sorokiniana (IC50 = 174.28 ± 0.50 µg ml-1). After a 72-hr chronic toxicity treatment with glyphosate, glyphosate concentrations decreased to 400–500 µg ml-1 in C. ellipsoidea, 200–300 µg ml-1 in C. sorokiniana and 200–500 µg ml-1 in C. vulgaris respectively. During 24-hr acute toxicity exposure to glyphosate, the pigment contents and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased as the concentration of glyphosate increased. Overall, the biomass, pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency presented a high positive correlation. It is worthwhile to mention that our study provides detailed information on the toxicity and sensitivity of these Chlorella species to glyphosate.
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O'Sullivan, Kevin F., Mohammad Amin Kashef, Alexander B. Knee, et al. "Examining the “Repletion Reflex”: The Association between Serum Potassium and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure." Journal of Hospital Medicine 14, no. 12 (2019): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3270.
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BACKGROUND: In patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) exacerbations, physicians routinely supplement potassium to maintain levels ≥4.0 mEq/L. The evidence basis for this practice is relatively weak. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum potassium levels and outcomes in patients hospitalized with HF. METHODS: We identified patients admitted with acute HF exacerbations to hospitals that contributed to an electronic health record-derived dataset. In a subset of patients with normal admission serum potassium (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), we averaged serum potassium values during a 72-hour exposure window and categorized as follows: <4.0 mEq/L (low normal), 4.0-4.5 mEq/L (medium normal), and >4.5 mEq/L (high normal). We created multivariable models examining associations between these categories and outcomes. RESULTS: We included 4,995 patients: 2,080 (41.6%), 2,326 (46.6%), and 589 (11.8%) in the <4.0, 4.0-4.5, and >4.5 mEq/L cohorts, respectively. After adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, and presenting severity, we observed no difference in outcomes between the low and medium normal groups. Compared to patients with levels <4.0 mEq/L, patients with a potassium level of >4.5 mEq/L had a longer length of stay (median of 0.6 days; 95% CI = 0.1 to 1.0) but did not have statistically significant increases in mortality (OR [odds ratio] = 1.51; 95% CI = 0.97 to 2.36) or transfers to the intensive care unit (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 0.98 to 3.26). CONCLUSIONS: Inpatients with heart failure who had mean serum potassium levels of <4.0 showed similar outcomes to those with mean serum potassium values of 4.0-4.5. Compared with mean serum potassium level of <4.0, mean serum levels of >4.5 may be associated with increased risk of poor outcomes.
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Fujiwara, Y., N. Yamamoto, K. Yamada, et al. "A phase I and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) in Japanese patients with solid tumor." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 14015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.14015.
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14015 Background: Vorinostat (Zolinza™), a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), induces tumor growth inhibition, differentiation, and apoptosis in vitro. Increasing evidence has revealed clinical activity of vorinostat in patients (pts) with various types of cancer including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Japanese pts with solid tumor who failed standard therapy were enrolled in a single institution, National Cancer Center hospital, Phase I study. Pts were dosed with vorinostat BID for 14 consecutive days followed by 7 day-rest starting at 100 mg and escalated by 100 mg BID until MTD was established. Subsequently single daily dosing was tested at 400 and 500 mg. PK was measured at total of 41 timepoints. Response was also evaluated according to the international workshop criteria. Results: MTD was established as 200 mg BID and 500 mg QD for 14 consecutive days followed by a 7 day-rest. All 18 enrolled pts were assessed for safety and PK. Median age was 58 yrs [25–72]. Ten of 18 pts had lung cancer. Two of 6 pts receiving 200 mg BID experienced DLTs: Grade 4 thrombocytopenia, and Grade 4 thrombocytopenia and Grade 3 anorexia. None of 3 pts receiving 400 mg QD experienced DLT. One of 6 pts receiving 500 mg QD experienced Grade 3 anorexia and fatigue. AUC of vorinostat increased generally proportional to dose in the range of 100–500 mg. PK was not greatly affected by multiple doses. Intact drug was hardly excreted in urine (<1% of dose). PK profile is similar to that established in US pts. As of Dec 2006, 1 pt with invasive thymoma received 200 mg BID for 1 yr. Nine pts achieved SD as best response. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the safety of vorinostat 200 mg BID and 500 mg QD for 14 consecutive days followed by 7 day-rest. These would be the RD for Phase II studies on this schedule. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Vogelzang, Nicholas J., Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty, Richard Levin, et al. "Randomized multicenter open-label trial of GT0918 (proxalutamide) in patients with mCRPC that progressed on abiraterone or enzalutamide." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e17578-e17578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e17578.
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e17578 Background: Both abiraterone and enzalutamide have been approved for the treatment of mCRPC. GT0918 (proxalutamide) is a novel second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist binding directly to the androgen receptor, impairing nuclear translocation and decreasing AR protein expression. This phase II portion of the Ph I/II study is being conducted to further evaluate safety and tolerability of GT0918 at 400 mg or 500 mg daily dosing. Methods: All eligible mCRPC pts with progressive disease based on rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or/and imaging while on either abiraterone or enzalutamide, but not both. One line of prior chemotherapy was allowed. Pts (n = 60) will be randomized to GT0918 either 400 mg or 500 mg po once daily for 6 months. The primary endpoint is safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints are PSA reduction at 12 weeks, % radiographic progression at 6-month, time to imaging progression, and exploratory biomarker CTC & cf-DNA/RNA. PSA is assessed every 4 wks and tumor imaging is done every 12 wks. Results: 56 pts were screened June 2019 to January 15, 2020 and 40 pts were randomized to receive GT0918 either 400 mg or 500 mg po daily. 22 pts (55%) had enzalutamide as prior therapy and 18 pts (45%) had abiraterone as prior therapy. 17 pts (43%) had one or more lines of chemotherapy. The median age was 72 years (range 53-89) and median baseline PSA was 162 ng/mL (0.3-4195). 10 pts had 1 cycle or less of study drug due to rapid PSA progression, AEs and/or withdrawal of consent. The most common treatment-related AEs were fatigue (48%), loss of appetite/anorexia (25%), nausea (20%), lower leg extremity edema (18%), constipation (15%), weight loss (13%), vomiting (10%), and headache (8%). 8 pts (6 in 500 mg vs. 2 in 400 mg) required dose reduction due to AE. No seizures have been observed. As Jan 30, 2020, 3 pts (8%) and 8 pts (20%) had PSA reduction at 12 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively, but no 50% PSA reduction was observed. 2 pts (5%) received study drug treatment over 24 weeks and 10 pts (25%) received study drug over 16 weeks based on stable disease (SD) on imaging. Conclusions: GT0918 administrated orally once a day is well tolerated and first 40-pts taking GT0918 show some anti-tumor activities. Dose of 400 mg po daily is recommended for GT 0918 for further clinical trials. Clinical trial information: NCT03899467 .
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Cairo, MS, R. Christensen, LS Sender, et al. "Results of a phase I/II trial of recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor in very low birthweight neonates: significant induction of circulatory neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and bone marrow neutrophils." Blood 86, no. 7 (1995): 2509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.7.2509.2509.
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Abstract Neonates, especially those of very low birthweight (VLBW), have an increased risk of nosocomial infections secondary to deficiencies in development. We previously demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production and mRNA expression from stimulated neonatal mononuclear cells are significantly less than that from adult cells. Recombinant murine GM-CSF administration to neonatal rats has resulted in neutrophilia, increased neutrophil production, and increased survival of pups during experimental Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. In the present study, we sought to determine the safety and biologic response of recombinant human (rhu) GM-CSF in VLBW neonates. Twenty VLBW neonates (500 to 1,500 g), aged < 72 hours, were randomized to receive either placebo (n = 5) or rhuGM-CSF at 5.0 micrograms/kg once per day (n = 5), 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day (n = 5), or 10 micrograms/kg once per day (n = 5) given via 2-hour intravenous infusion for 7 days. Complete blood counts, differential, and platelet counts were obtained, and tibial bone marrow aspirate was performed on day 8. Neutrophil C3bi receptor expression was measured at 0 and 24 hours. GM-CSF levels were measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the first dose of rhuGM-CSF. At all doses, rhuGM-CSF was well tolerated, and there was no evidence of grade III or IV toxicity. Within 48 hours of administration, there was a significant increase in the circulating absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day and 10.0 micrograms/kg once per day, which continued for at least 24 hours after discontinuation of rhuGM-CSF. When the ANC was normalized for each patient's first ANC, there was a significant increase in the ANC on days 6 and 7 at each dose level. By day 7, all tested doses of rhuGM- CSF resulted in an increase in the absolute monocyte count (AMC) compared with placebo-treated neonates. In those receiving rhuGM-CSF 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day, there was additionally a significant increase in the day 7 and 8 platelet count. Tibial bone marrow aspirates demonstrated a significant increase in the bone marrow neutrophil storage pool (BM NSP) at 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day and 10.0 micrograms/kg once per day. Neutrophil C3bi receptor expression was significantly increased 24 hours after the first dose of rhuGM-CSF at 5.0 micrograms/kg once per day. The elimination half-life (T1/2) of rhuGM-CSF was 1.4 +/- 0.8 to 3.9 +/- 2.8 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Cairo, MS, R. Christensen, LS Sender, et al. "Results of a phase I/II trial of recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor in very low birthweight neonates: significant induction of circulatory neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and bone marrow neutrophils." Blood 86, no. 7 (1995): 2509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.7.2509.bloodjournal8672509.
Texto completoResumen
Neonates, especially those of very low birthweight (VLBW), have an increased risk of nosocomial infections secondary to deficiencies in development. We previously demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production and mRNA expression from stimulated neonatal mononuclear cells are significantly less than that from adult cells. Recombinant murine GM-CSF administration to neonatal rats has resulted in neutrophilia, increased neutrophil production, and increased survival of pups during experimental Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. In the present study, we sought to determine the safety and biologic response of recombinant human (rhu) GM-CSF in VLBW neonates. Twenty VLBW neonates (500 to 1,500 g), aged < 72 hours, were randomized to receive either placebo (n = 5) or rhuGM-CSF at 5.0 micrograms/kg once per day (n = 5), 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day (n = 5), or 10 micrograms/kg once per day (n = 5) given via 2-hour intravenous infusion for 7 days. Complete blood counts, differential, and platelet counts were obtained, and tibial bone marrow aspirate was performed on day 8. Neutrophil C3bi receptor expression was measured at 0 and 24 hours. GM-CSF levels were measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the first dose of rhuGM-CSF. At all doses, rhuGM-CSF was well tolerated, and there was no evidence of grade III or IV toxicity. Within 48 hours of administration, there was a significant increase in the circulating absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day and 10.0 micrograms/kg once per day, which continued for at least 24 hours after discontinuation of rhuGM-CSF. When the ANC was normalized for each patient's first ANC, there was a significant increase in the ANC on days 6 and 7 at each dose level. By day 7, all tested doses of rhuGM- CSF resulted in an increase in the absolute monocyte count (AMC) compared with placebo-treated neonates. In those receiving rhuGM-CSF 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day, there was additionally a significant increase in the day 7 and 8 platelet count. Tibial bone marrow aspirates demonstrated a significant increase in the bone marrow neutrophil storage pool (BM NSP) at 5.0 micrograms/kg twice per day and 10.0 micrograms/kg once per day. Neutrophil C3bi receptor expression was significantly increased 24 hours after the first dose of rhuGM-CSF at 5.0 micrograms/kg once per day. The elimination half-life (T1/2) of rhuGM-CSF was 1.4 +/- 0.8 to 3.9 +/- 2.8 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Rangel Ruiz, Luis Jose, Luz Alfredo Cruz-Morales, Juan Armando Arévalo-de la Cruz, et al. "Actividad molusquicida de Laguncularia racemosa (L) C.F. Gaerth sobre Galba cubensis (Pfei er, 1839)." Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios 4, no. 11 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/era.a4n11.978.
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Se evaluó la e ciencia molusquicida de Laguncularia racemosa sobre Galba cubensis utilizando dos extractos acuosos y aplicación directa de polvo (ADP), los extractos acuosos se elaboraron por el método de re- poso en crudo (EMRC) y de infusión (EMI). Se utilizó un diseño al azar con tres tratamientos, un testigo y cinco repeticiones. En la determinación de la DL50 y DL90 se utilizó el programa Probit-Log. Se obtuvo la TL50 y TL90; las concentraciones del EMRC fueron de 500, 400, 333 y 289 g L−1; para el EMI de 50, 25, 12.5 y 6 g L−1; y para la ADP de 0.540, 0.270 y 0.135 g. Se determinó la eficacia de los tratamientos y la residualidad del EMI a 50 g L−1. Para el EMRC las mortalidades acumuladas fueron de 100, 96, 90 y 66 % con una DL50 de 267.56 g L−1 y DL90 de 392.68 g L−1. Para el EMI fue del 100, 98,92 y 20%, con DL50 de8.08gL−1 y DL90 de12.78 g L−1;para la ADP fue del 50, 48 y 48 %; solo la concentración de 0.540 g alcanzo el 50 %, la DL50 fue de 1.0 g. Para el EMRC el TL90 sepresentóalas18, 72 y 96 h para 500, 400, 333 g L−1;paraelEMIalas2hpara50,25 g L−1 y 14 h en 12.5 g L−1. La residualidad mostro una baja persistencia de la toxicidad sobre el sustrato.
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Davies, Koofreh, Emmanuel Olorunsola, Nathaniel Udokang, Kubiat Umana, Mfonobong Alozie, and Innocent Edagha. "Ameliorative Effects of Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera Extracts on Cognitive Impairment in Diabetic Wistar Rats." NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience 13, no. 2 (2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47081/njn2022.13.2/004.
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This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera on cogni-tive impairment in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in male Wistar rats. The animals were allotted into eight groups of five. Group 1 were not induced nor treated. Diabetes was induced with alloxan (135 mg/kg body weight) in groups 2-8. Group 2 which served as diabetic control received distilled water (10 mL/kg). Groups 3-8 were administered ethanol extracts of V. amygdalina (200 mg), M. oleifera (500 mg), V. amygdalina (400 mg), M. oleifera (1,500 mg), V. amygdalina (300 mg) + M. oleifera (1,000) mg, and Metformin (14.29 mg) per kg body weights respectively, for 28 days starting 72 h post induction of diabetes. Novel object recognition, T-maze simple alternation, transfer latency and neurohistology were assessed. Rats in diabetic control had negative discrimination ratio and scored less than 50% in simple alternation. These memory deficits were reversed in the treated groups. The nootropic effect was higher in M. oleifera 1,500 mg/kg than any other group. Severe neuronal degeneration, shrinkage and clumping observed in the diabetic group were ameliorated with administration of V. amygdalina and M. oleifera extracts individually and in combination. Histological findings showed decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. V. amygdalina (400 mg/kg) and M. oleifera (500 mg/kg) were the most effective in ameliorating neuronal damage. The neuroprotective effects of both plants are attributed to their constituent antioxidants, and appear not to be synergistic.