Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "3D Scanner Laser"
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1
Chen, Kai, Kai Zhan, Xiaocong Yang y Da Zhang. "Accuracy Improvement Method of a 3D Laser Scanner Based on the D-H Model". Shock and Vibration 2021 (25 de mayo de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9965904.
Resumen
A three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner with characteristics such as acquiring huge point cloud data and noncontact measurement has revolutionized the surveying and mapping industry. Nonetheless, how to guarantee the 3D laser scanner precision remains the critical factor that determines the excellence of 3D laser scanners. Hence, this study proposes a 3D laser scanner error analysis and calibration-method-based D-H model, applies the D-H model method in the robot area to the 3D laser scanner coordinate for calculating the point cloud data and creatively derive the error model, comprehensively analyzes six external parameters and seven inner structure parameters that affect point cloud coordinator error, and designs two calibration platforms for inner structure parameters. To validate the proposed method, we used SOKKIA total station and BLSS-PE 3D laser scanner to attain the center coordinate of the testing target sphere and then evaluate the external parameters and modify the point coordinate. Based on modifying the point coordinate, comparing the point coordinate that considered the inner structure parameters with the point coordinate that did not consider the inner structure parameters, the experiment revealed that the BLSS-PE 3D laser scanner’s precision enhanced after considering the inner structure parameters, demonstrating that the error analysis and calibration method was correct and feasible.
2
Gao, X., M. Li, L. Xing y Y. Liu. "JOINT CALIBRATION OF 3D LASER SCANNER AND DIGITAL CAMERA BASED ON DLT ALGORITHM". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (30 de abril de 2018): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-377-2018.
Resumen
Design a calibration target that can be scanned by 3D laser scanner while shot by digital camera, achieving point cloud and photos of a same target. A method to joint calibrate 3D laser scanner and digital camera based on Direct Linear Transformation algorithm was proposed. This method adds a distortion model of digital camera to traditional DLT algorithm, after repeating iteration, it can solve the inner and external position element of the camera as well as the joint calibration of 3D laser scanner and digital camera. It comes to prove that this method is reliable.
3
Mezian, c., Bruno Vallet, Bahman Soheilian y Nicolas Paparoditis. "UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION FOR TERRESTRIAL MOBILE LASER SCANNER". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (9 de junio de 2016): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-331-2016.
Resumen
Laser scanners are used more and more in mobile mapping systems. They provide 3D point clouds that are used for object reconstruction and registration of the system. For both of those applications, uncertainty analysis of 3D points is of great interest but rarely investigated in the literature. In this paper we present a complete pipeline that takes into account all the sources of uncertainties and allows to compute a covariance matrix per 3D point. The sources of uncertainties are laser scanner, calibration of the scanner in relation to the vehicle and direct georeferencing system. We suppose that all the uncertainties follow the Gaussian law. The variances of the laser scanner measurements (two angles and one distance) are usually evaluated by the constructors. This is also the case for integrated direct georeferencing devices. Residuals of the calibration process were used to estimate the covariance matrix of the 6D transformation between scanner laser and the vehicle system. Knowing the variances of all sources of uncertainties, we applied uncertainty propagation technique to compute the variance-covariance matrix of every obtained 3D point. Such an uncertainty analysis enables to estimate the impact of different laser scanners and georeferencing devices on the quality of obtained 3D points. The obtained uncertainty values were illustrated using error ellipsoids on different datasets.
4
Mezian, c., Bruno Vallet, Bahman Soheilian y Nicolas Paparoditis. "UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION FOR TERRESTRIAL MOBILE LASER SCANNER". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (9 de junio de 2016): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-331-2016.
Resumen
Laser scanners are used more and more in mobile mapping systems. They provide 3D point clouds that are used for object reconstruction and registration of the system. For both of those applications, uncertainty analysis of 3D points is of great interest but rarely investigated in the literature. In this paper we present a complete pipeline that takes into account all the sources of uncertainties and allows to compute a covariance matrix per 3D point. The sources of uncertainties are laser scanner, calibration of the scanner in relation to the vehicle and direct georeferencing system. We suppose that all the uncertainties follow the Gaussian law. The variances of the laser scanner measurements (two angles and one distance) are usually evaluated by the constructors. This is also the case for integrated direct georeferencing devices. Residuals of the calibration process were used to estimate the covariance matrix of the 6D transformation between scanner laser and the vehicle system. Knowing the variances of all sources of uncertainties, we applied uncertainty propagation technique to compute the variance-covariance matrix of every obtained 3D point. Such an uncertainty analysis enables to estimate the impact of different laser scanners and georeferencing devices on the quality of obtained 3D points. The obtained uncertainty values were illustrated using error ellipsoids on different datasets.
5
Todo, Chikage, Hidetoshi Ikeno, Keitaro Yamase, Toko Tanikawa, Mizue Ohashi, Masako Dannoura, Toshifumi Kimura y Yasuhiro Hirano. "Reconstruction of Conifer Root Systems Mapped with Point Cloud Data Obtained by 3D Laser Scanning Compared with Manual Measurement". Forests 12, n.º 8 (21 de agosto de 2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081117.
Resumen
Three-dimensional (3D) root system architecture (RSA) is a predominant factor in anchorage failure in trees. Only a few studies have used 3D laser scanners to evaluate RSA, but they do not check the accuracy of measurements. 3D laser scanners can quickly obtain RSA data, but the data are collected as a point cloud with a large number of points representing surfaces. The point cloud data must be converted into a set of interconnected axes and segments to compute the root system traits. The purposes of this study were: (i) to propose a new method for easily obtaining root point data as 3D coordinates and root diameters from point cloud data acquired by 3D laser scanner measurement; and (ii) to compare the accuracy of the data from main roots with intensive manual measurement. We scanned the excavated root systems of two Pinus thunbergii Parl. trees using a 3D laser scanner and neuTube software, which was developed for reconstructing the neuronal structure, to convert the point cloud data into root point data for reconstructing RSA. The reconstruction and traits of the RSA calculated from point cloud data were similar in accuracy to intensive manual measurements. Roots larger than 7 mm in diameter were accurately measured by the 3D laser scanner measurement. In the proposed method, the root point data were connected as a frustum of cones, so the reconstructed RSAs were simpler than the 3D root surfaces. However, the frustum of cones still showed the main coarse root segments correctly. We concluded that the proposed method could be applied to reconstruct the RSA and calculate traits using point cloud data of the root system, on the condition that it was possible to model both the stump and ovality of root sections.
6
Cutti, Andrea Giovanni, Maria Grazia Santi, Andrew H. Hansen y Stefania Fatone. "Accuracy, Repeatability, and Reproducibility of a Hand-Held Structured-Light 3D Scanner across Multi-Site Settings in Lower Limb Prosthetics". Sensors 24, n.º 7 (7 de abril de 2024): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072350.
Resumen
The aim of this work was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of a hand-held, structured-light 3D scanner (EINScan Pro 2X Plus with High Definition Prime Pack, SHINING 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), to support its potential use in multi-site settings on lower limb prosthetics. Four limb models with different shapes were fabricated and scanned with a metrological 3D scanner (EINScan Laser FreeScan 5X, SHINING 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China) by a professional operator (OP0). Limb models were then mailed to three sites where two operators (OP1, OP2) scanned them using their own structured-light 3D scanner (same model). OP1 scanned limb models twice (OP1-A, OP1-B). OP0, OP1-A, and OP2 scans were compared for accuracy, OP1-A and OP1-B for repeatability, and OP1-A and OP2 for reproducibility. Among all comparisons, the mean radial error was <0.25 mm, mean angular error was <4°, and root mean square error of the radial distance was <1 mm. Moreover, limits of agreement were <3.5% for perimeters and volumes. By comparing these results with respect to clinically-relevant thresholds and to the literature available on other 3D scanners, we conclude that the EINScan Pro 2X Plus 3D Scanner with High Definition Prime Pack has good accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility, supporting its use in multi-site settings.
7
Jang, Arum, Young K. Ju y Min Jae Park. "Structural Stability Evaluation of Existing Buildings by Reverse Engineering with 3D Laser Scanner". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 10 (11 de mayo de 2022): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102325.
Resumen
In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, research and development of application technologies that combine high-tech technologies have been actively conducted. Building information modeling (BIM) technology using advanced equipment is considered promising for future construction projects. In particular, using a 3D laser scanner, LIDAR is expected to be a solution for future building safety inspections. This work proposes a new method for evaluating building stability using a 3D laser scanner. In this study, an underground parking lot was analyzed using a 3D laser scanner. Further, structural analysis was performed using the finite element method (FEM) by applying the figure and geometry data acquired from the laser scan. This process includes surveying the modeled point cloud data of the scanned building, such as identifying the relative deflection of the floor slab, and the sectional shape and inclination of the column. Consequently, safety diagnosis was performed using the original evaluation criteria. This confirms that it is precise and efficient to use a 3D laser scanner for building stability assessment. This paper presents a digital point cloud-based approach using a 3D laser scanner to evaluate the stability of buildings.
8
Mezei, Adrián y Tibor Kovács. "Curvature Adaptive 3D Scanning Transformation Calculation". Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 62, n.º 4 (13 de junio de 2018): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.11540.
Resumen
Three-dimensional objects can be scanned by 3D laser scanners that use active triangulation. These scanners create three-dimensional point clouds from the scanned objects. The laser line is identified in the images, which are captured at given transformations by the camera, and the point cloud can be calculated from these. The hardest challenge is to construct these transformations so that most of the surface can be captured. The result of a scanning may have missing parts because either not the best transformations were used or because some parts of the object cannot be scanned. Based on the results of the previous scans, a better transformation plan can be created, with which the next scan can be performed. In this paper, a method is proposed for transforming a special 3D scanner into a position from where the scanned point can be seen from an ideal angle. A method is described for estimating this transformation in real-time, so these can be calculated for every point of a previous scan to set up a next improved scan.
9
Kedzierski, M., D. Wierzbickia, A. Fryskowska y B. Chlebowska. "ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING LOW-COST SCANNING SYSTEM IN 3D MODELING". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (9 de junio de 2016): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-261-2016.
Resumen
The laser scanning technique is still a very popular and fast growing method of obtaining information on modeling 3D objects. The use of low-cost miniature scanners creates new opportunities for small objects of 3D modeling based on point clouds acquired from the scan. The same, the development of accuracy and methods of automatic processing of this data type is noticeable. The article presents methods of collecting raw datasets in the form of a point-cloud using a low-cost ground-based laser scanner FabScan. As part of the research work 3D scanner from an open source FabLab project was constructed. In addition, the results for the analysis of the geometry of the point clouds obtained by using a low-cost laser scanner were presented. Also, some analysis of collecting data of different structures (made of various materials such as: glass, wood, paper, gum, plastic, plaster, ceramics, stoneware clay etc. and of different shapes: oval and similar to oval and prism shaped) have been done. The article presents two methods used for analysis: the first one - visual (general comparison between the 3D model and the real object) and the second one - comparative method (comparison between measurements on models and scanned objects using the mean error of a single sample of observations). The analysis showed, that the low-budget ground-based laser scanner FabScan has difficulties with collecting data of non-oval objects. Items built of glass painted black also caused problems for the scanner. In addition, the more details scanned object contains, the lower the accuracy of the collected point-cloud is. Nevertheless, the accuracy of collected data (using oval-straight shaped objects) is satisfactory. The accuracy, in this case, fluctuates between ± 0,4 mm and ± 1,0 mm whereas when using more detailed objects or a rectangular shaped prism the accuracy is much more lower, between 2,9 mm and ± 9,0 mm. Finally, the publication presents the possibility (for the future expansion of research) of modernization FabScan by the implementation of a larger amount of camera-laser units. This will enable spots the registration , that are less visible.
10
Kedzierski, M., D. Wierzbickia, A. Fryskowska y B. Chlebowska. "ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING LOW-COST SCANNING SYSTEM IN 3D MODELING". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (9 de junio de 2016): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-261-2016.
Resumen
The laser scanning technique is still a very popular and fast growing method of obtaining information on modeling 3D objects. The use of low-cost miniature scanners creates new opportunities for small objects of 3D modeling based on point clouds acquired from the scan. The same, the development of accuracy and methods of automatic processing of this data type is noticeable. The article presents methods of collecting raw datasets in the form of a point-cloud using a low-cost ground-based laser scanner FabScan. As part of the research work 3D scanner from an open source FabLab project was constructed. In addition, the results for the analysis of the geometry of the point clouds obtained by using a low-cost laser scanner were presented. Also, some analysis of collecting data of different structures (made of various materials such as: glass, wood, paper, gum, plastic, plaster, ceramics, stoneware clay etc. and of different shapes: oval and similar to oval and prism shaped) have been done. The article presents two methods used for analysis: the first one - visual (general comparison between the 3D model and the real object) and the second one - comparative method (comparison between measurements on models and scanned objects using the mean error of a single sample of observations). The analysis showed, that the low-budget ground-based laser scanner FabScan has difficulties with collecting data of non-oval objects. Items built of glass painted black also caused problems for the scanner. In addition, the more details scanned object contains, the lower the accuracy of the collected point-cloud is. Nevertheless, the accuracy of collected data (using oval-straight shaped objects) is satisfactory. The accuracy, in this case, fluctuates between ± 0,4 mm and ± 1,0 mm whereas when using more detailed objects or a rectangular shaped prism the accuracy is much more lower, between 2,9 mm and ± 9,0 mm. Finally, the publication presents the possibility (for the future expansion of research) of modernization FabScan by the implementation of a larger amount of camera-laser units. This will enable spots the registration , that are less visible.
11
Gollob, Christoph, Tim Ritter y Arne Nothdurft. "Comparison of 3D Point Clouds Obtained by Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Personal Laser Scanning on Forest Inventory Sample Plots". Data 5, n.º 4 (31 de octubre de 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5040103.
Resumen
In forest inventory, trees are usually measured using handheld instruments; among the most relevant are calipers, inclinometers, ultrasonic devices, and laser range finders. Traditional forest inventory has been redesigned since modern laser scanner technology became available. Laser scanners generate massive data in the form of 3D point clouds. We have developed a novel methodology to provide estimates of the tree positions, stem diameters, and tree heights from these 3D point clouds. This dataset was made publicly accessible to test new software routines for the automatic measurement of forest trees using laser scanner data. Benchmark studies with performance tests of different algorithms are welcome. The dataset contains co-registered raw 3D point-cloud data collected on 20 forest inventory sample plots in Austria. The data were collected by two different laser scanning systems: (1) A mobile personal laser scanner (PLS) (ZEB Horizon, GeoSLAM Ltd., Nottingham, UK) and (2) a static terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) (Focus3D X330, Faro Technologies Inc., Lake Mary, FL, USA). The data also contain digital terrain models (DTMs), field measurements as reference data (ground-truth), and the output of recent software routines for the automatic tree detection and the automatic stem diameter measurement.
12
Akiyama, Jin, Yuan Zong, Naoki Shinada, Taro Suzuki y Yoshiharu Amano. "High-Resolution Point Cloud Registration Method for Three-Dimensional Piping Measurements". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 35, n.º 6 (20 de diciembre de 2023): 1655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2023.p1655.
Resumen
In this study, we propose a method for generating highly accurate high-density point clouds of piping facilities using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) laser scanner and a handheld laser scanner. The point cloud for each scanline measured by the UAV scanner is repositioned on the piping axis, and the handheld scanner’s 3D point cloud is subsequently registered so that the center axis of the piping coincides with the UAV point cloud as a reference. The method proposed in this study was used to accurately reconstruct linear piping measured in high winds, which can easily deteriorate measurement accuracy. Whereas the conventional method incurred a deviation of 44.3 mm between the predicted and true values at altitudes of 15 m, the proposed method reduced this deviation to 19.4 mm. An application of the registration method demonstrated that the combined use of the two laser scanners enabled the creation of a high-density point cloud.
13
Almukhtar, Avar, Zaid O. Saeed, Henry Abanda y Joseph H. M. Tah. "Reality Capture of Buildings Using 3D Laser Scanners". CivilEng 2, n.º 1 (3 de marzo de 2021): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2010012.
Resumen
The urgent need to improve performance in the construction industry has led to the adoption of many innovative technologies. 3D laser scanners are amongst the leading technologies being used to capture and process assets or construction project data for use in various applications. Due to its nascent nature, many questions are still unanswered about 3D laser scanning, which in turn contribute to the slow adaptation of the technology. Some of these include the role of 3D laser scanners in capturing and processing raw construction project data. How accurate are the 3D laser scanner or point cloud data? How does laser scanning fit with other wider emerging technologies such as building information modeling (BIM)? This study adopts a proof-of-concept approach, which in addition to answering the aforementioned questions, illustrates the application of the technology in practice. The study finds that the quality of the data, commonly referred to as point cloud data, is still a major issue as it depends on the distance between the target object and 3D laser scanner’s station. Additionally, the quality of the data is still very dependent on data file sizes and the computational power of the processing machine. Lastly, the connection between laser scanning and BIM approaches is still weak as what can be done with a point cloud data model in a BIM environment is still very limited. The aforementioned findings reinforce existing views on the use of 3D laser scanners in capturing and processing construction project data.
14
Duan, Xuzhe, Qingwu Hu, Pengcheng Zhao y Shaohua Wang. "A Low-Cost and Portable Indoor 3D Mapping Approach Using Biaxial Line Laser Scanners and a One-Dimension Laser Range Finder Integrated with Microelectromechanical Systems". Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 88, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2022): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.21-00037r2.
Resumen
Existing indoor 3D mapping solutions suffer from high cost and poor portability. In this article, a low-cost and portable indoor 3D mapping approach using biaxial line laser scanners and a one-dimension laser range finder integrated with microelectromechanical systems is proposed. A multiple-sensor calibration approach is presented to perform the extrinsic calibration of the integrated 3D mapping system. The 2D point cloud acquired by the horizontal laser scanner and the orientation information obtained by the microelectromechanical systems are used as inputs for a simultaneous localization and mapping framework to estimate the 2D poses. The height information acquired by the laser range finder is then fused to obtain the 3D pose, which is applied to restore the actual position and orientation of the 2D point cloud generated by the tilted laser scanner to reconstruct the 3D point cloud of the indoor environment. The experimental results—three typical indoor scenes—demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve accuracies of 3 cm and 2°. Therefore, the proposed approach is a low-cost, portable, and accurate solution for indoor 3D mapping.
15
Buican, George Răzvan, Gheorghe Oancea y Alexandru Manolescu. "Remanufacturing of Damaged Parts Using Selective Laser Melting Technology". Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (diciembre de 2014): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.285.
Resumen
This paper presents the stages taken to remanufacture a damaged part, for which no documentation is available, using the SLM additive technologies. A damaged part is scanned using the COMET L3D scanner and the points cloud is used to redesign and reconstruct the part as a 3D CAD model. Using the generated 3D CAD model the build job for the SLM is created by designing and adding the construction supports, the material type and the type of hatching strategy for each slice. The slices are used by the SLM250HL equipment and the new metallic part is manufactured. The manufactured part was scanned with the same 3D scanner and the data from the original part was compared with the new reading. The results can be used to reconstruct more complex parts, to redesign the broken parts and to improve the manufacturing process.
16
Jing, H., N. Slatcher, X. Meng y G. Hunter. "MONITORING CAPABILITIES OF A MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM BASED ON NAVIGATION QUALITIES". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (6 de junio de 2016): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-625-2016.
Resumen
Mobile mapping systems are becoming increasingly popular as they can build 3D models of the environment rapidly by using a laser scanner that is integrated with a navigation system. 3D mobile mapping has been widely used for applications such as 3D city modelling and mapping of the scanned environments. However, accurate mapping relies on not only the scanner’s performance but also on the quality of the navigation results (accuracy and robustness) . This paper discusses the potentials of using 3D mobile mapping systems for landscape change detection, that is traditionally carried out by terrestrial laser scanners that can be accurately geo-referenced at a static location to produce highly accurate dense point clouds. Yet compared to conventional surveying using terrestrial laser scanners, several advantages of mobile mapping systems can be identified. A large area can be monitored in a relatively short period, which enables high repeat frequency monitoring without having to set-up dedicated stations. However, current mobile mapping applications are limited by the quality of navigation results, especially in different environments. The change detection ability of mobile mapping systems is therefore significantly affected by the quality of the navigation results. This paper presents some data collected for the purpose of monitoring from a mobile platform. The datasets are analysed to address current potentials and difficulties. The change detection results are also presented based on the collected dataset. Results indicate the potentials of change detection using a mobile mapping system and suggestions to enhance quality and robustness.
17
Jing, H., N. Slatcher, X. Meng y G. Hunter. "MONITORING CAPABILITIES OF A MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM BASED ON NAVIGATION QUALITIES". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (6 de junio de 2016): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-625-2016.
Resumen
Mobile mapping systems are becoming increasingly popular as they can build 3D models of the environment rapidly by using a laser scanner that is integrated with a navigation system. 3D mobile mapping has been widely used for applications such as 3D city modelling and mapping of the scanned environments. However, accurate mapping relies on not only the scanner’s performance but also on the quality of the navigation results (accuracy and robustness) . This paper discusses the potentials of using 3D mobile mapping systems for landscape change detection, that is traditionally carried out by terrestrial laser scanners that can be accurately geo-referenced at a static location to produce highly accurate dense point clouds. Yet compared to conventional surveying using terrestrial laser scanners, several advantages of mobile mapping systems can be identified. A large area can be monitored in a relatively short period, which enables high repeat frequency monitoring without having to set-up dedicated stations. However, current mobile mapping applications are limited by the quality of navigation results, especially in different environments. The change detection ability of mobile mapping systems is therefore significantly affected by the quality of the navigation results. This paper presents some data collected for the purpose of monitoring from a mobile platform. The datasets are analysed to address current potentials and difficulties. The change detection results are also presented based on the collected dataset. Results indicate the potentials of change detection using a mobile mapping system and suggestions to enhance quality and robustness.
18
Ghorbani, Fariborz, Hamid Ebadi, Norbert Pfeifer y Amin Sedaghat. "Uniform and Competency-Based 3D Keypoint Detection for Coarse Registration of Point Clouds with Homogeneous Structure". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 16 (21 de agosto de 2022): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14164099.
Resumen
Recent advances in 3D laser scanner technology have provided a large amount of accurate geo-information as point clouds. The methods of machine vision and photogrammetry are used in various applications such as medicine, environmental studies, and cultural heritage. Aerial laser scanners (ALS), terrestrial laser scanners (TLS), mobile mapping laser scanners (MLS), and photogrammetric cameras via image matching are the most important tools for producing point clouds. In most applications, the process of point cloud registration is considered to be a fundamental issue. Due to the high volume of initial point cloud data, 3D keypoint detection has been introduced as an important step in the registration of point clouds. In this step, the initial volume of point clouds is converted into a set of candidate points with high information content. Many methods for 3D keypoint detection have been proposed in machine vision, and most of them were based on thresholding the saliency of points, but less attention had been paid to the spatial distribution and number of extracted points. This poses a challenge in the registration process when dealing with point clouds with a homogeneous structure. As keypoints are selected in areas of structural complexity, it leads to an unbalanced distribution of keypoints and a lower registration quality. This research presents an automated approach for 3D keypoint detection to control the quality, spatial distribution, and the number of keypoints. The proposed method generates a quality criterion by combining 3D local shape features, 3D local self-similarity, and the histogram of normal orientation and provides a competency index. In addition, the Octree structure is applied to control the spatial distribution of the detected 3D keypoints. The proposed method was evaluated for the keypoint-based coarse registration of aerial laser scanner and terrestrial laser scanner data, having both cluttered and homogeneous regions. The obtained results demonstrate the proper performance of the proposed method in the registration of these types of data, and in comparison to the standard algorithms, the registration error was diminished by up to 56%.
19
Riczu, Péter, János Tamás, Gábor Nagy, Attila Nagy, Tünde Fórián y Tamás Jancsó. "Horticulture applicability of 3D laser scanner". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 46 (16 de mayo de 2012): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/46/2412.
Resumen
As a result of the technological development, remote sensing instruments and methods have become widespread in all segments of life (from precision agriculture through architecture to medicine). Among the innovative development of remote sensing instruments the 3D laser scanner is overriding importance. The horticulture applicability of terrestrial laser scanning technique is innovation in the precision agriculture, because it could be determine the structure of trees and branches, the canopy extension, which can help to recognize some biophysical parameters. The examination was carried out with Leica ScanStation C10 terrestrial laser scanner in the Study and Regional Research Farm of the University of Debrecen near Pallag. In this article I present the measuring principle, the parameters and horticulture applicability of the terrestrial laser scanner.
20
Zeidan, Zaki M., Ashraf A. Beshr y Ashraf G. Shehata. "Study the precision of creating 3D structure modeling form terrestrial laser scanner observations". Journal of Applied Geodesy 12, n.º 4 (25 de octubre de 2018): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0009.
Resumen
Abstract Laser scanner has become widely used nowadays for several applications in civil engineering. An advantage of laser scanner as compared to other geodetic instruments is its capability of collecting hundreds or even thousands of point per second. Terrestrial laser scanner allows acquiring easy and fast complex geometric data from building, machines, objects, etc. Several experimental and field tests are required to investigate the quality and accuracy of scanner points cloud and the 3D geometric models derived from laser scanner. So this paper investigates the precision of creation three dimensional structural model resulted from terrestrial laser scanner observations. The paper also presented the ability to create 3D model by structural faces depending on the plane equation for each face resulted from coordinates of several observed points cover this face using reflector less total station observations. Precision comparison for the quality of 3D models created from laser scanner observations and structure faces is also presented.The results of the practical measurements, calculations and analysis of results are presented.
21
Gurau, Vladimir, Andy Gerhardstein, Kalvin Carruthers y Hank Frazer. "Laser Scanner-Based Robotic Coordinate Measuring Machine". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research 13, n.º 1 (2024): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmerr.13.1.161-168.
Resumen
The objectives of the research presented in this paper are to design, integrate and demonstrate a robotic Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) for digitizing 3D geometries of objects to be used in reverse-engineering applications. The paper describes the mathematical model, the integration of the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor with the automated positioning system and the programming used to attain the technology. The digital reconstruction of an object’s 3D model is achieved by applying forward robot kinematics along with homogeneous transforms to the point cloud detected by the LiDAR. The object’s geometric features are determined using 2nd-order polynomial best fitted curves of the scanned point clouds using the bisquare fit method. The CMM uses forward robot kinematics along with homogeneous transforms to programmatically compensate for geometric positioning errors resulting from deviations in position and orientation of the CMM components during assembly and from deviations in position and orientation of the workpiece when it is located in its mounting device. The instrument is shown to reconstruct with remarkable qualitative accuracy the 3D model of a turbine blade. Using a better-quality detecting sensor, the instrument can be used as well in automated quality control and inspection applications.
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Voges, R., C. S. Wieghardt y B. Wagner. "TIMESTAMP OFFSET DETERMINATION BETWEEN AN ACTUATED LASER SCANNER AND ITS CORRESPONDING MOTOR". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-1/W1 (30 de mayo de 2017): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-1-w1-99-2017.
Resumen
Motor actuated 2D laser scanners are key sensors for many robotics applications that need wide ranging but low cost 3D data. There exist many approaches on how to build a 3D laser scanner using this technique, but they often lack proper synchronization for the timestamps of the actuator and the laser scanner. However, to transform the measurement points into three-dimensional space an appropriate synchronization is mandatory. Thus, we propose two different approaches to accomplish the goal of calculating timestamp offsets between laser scanner and motor prior to and after data acquisition. Both approaches use parts of a SLAM algorithm but apply different criteria to find an appropriate solution. While the approach for offset calculation prior to data acquisition exploits the fact that the SLAM algorithm should not register motion for a stationary system, the approach for offset calculation after data acquisition evaluates the perceived clarity of a point cloud created by the SLAM algorithm. Our experiments show that both approaches yield the same results although operating independently on different data, which demonstrates that the results reflect reality with a high probability. Furthermore, our experiments exhibit the significance of a proper synchronization between laser scanner and actuator.
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Bonin, Rémi, Farbod Khameneifar y J. R. R. Mayer. "Evaluation of the Metrological Performance of a Handheld 3D Laser Scanner Using a Pseudo-3D Ball-Lattice Artifact". Sensors 21, n.º 6 (18 de marzo de 2021): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062137.
Resumen
This paper proposes the use of a pseudo-3D ball-lattice artifact to characterize a handheld laser scanner from a metrological standpoint. The artifact allows the computation of local and global errors in measurement by using the reference-frame-independent parameters of size, form, and distance within the measuring volume of the scanner, and in a single point cloud, without the need for registration. A set of tests was performed using the whole measuring volume, and three acquisition parameters, namely the orientation of the sweeps during the scans, the exposure time, and the distance to the scanner were analyzed for their effects on the accuracy of the scan data. A composite error including the errors in measuring size, form, and distance was used as a single figure of merit to characterize the performance of the scanner in relation to the data-acquisition parameters. The orientation of sweeps did not have a considerable effect on the errors. The accuracy of the scan data was strongly affected by exposure time and its interaction with the distance at which the artifact was scanned. The errors followed a quadratic trend with respect to the distance of the artifact to the scanner. The tested scanner performed best at its manufacturer’s recommended stand-off distance.
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Ohno, K., H. Date y S. Kanai. "MIXED REALITY VISUALIZATION OF POINT CLOUDS FOR SUPPORTING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (30 de mayo de 2022): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-251-2022.
Resumen
Abstract. 3D point clouds from terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are used in a variety of fields and applications. To acquire high-quality point clouds that have enough point density, small scanning errors, and no lack of points in important regions, appropriate scan planning, including determination of scanner positions and scan conditions, is required. Currently, planning is supported by knowledge and experience of skilled workers, and it is difficult to ensure the quality of acquired point clouds. In this study, we propose a system for visualization of point clouds to support the acquisition of high-quality point clouds using TLS. The system allows the user to see and check the quality of scanned TLS point clouds and unscanned regions intuitively by superimposing the point clouds onto the real world using a mixed reality (MR) device. In addition, the system supports finding the next best scanner position for additional laser scans based on predicted scan quality visualization to acquire higher-quality points or fill the unscanned regions.
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Hosseinyalamdary, S. y A. Yilmaz. "3D SUPER-RESOLUTION APPROACH FOR SPARSE LASER SCANNER DATA". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (19 de agosto de 2015): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-151-2015.
Resumen
Laser scanner point cloud has been emerging in Photogrammetry and computer vision to achieve high level tasks such as object tracking, object recognition and scene understanding. However, low cost laser scanners are noisy, sparse and prone to systematic errors. This paper proposes a novel 3D super resolution approach to reconstruct surface of the objects in the scene. This method works on sparse, unorganized point clouds and has superior performance over other surface recovery approaches. Since the proposed approach uses anisotropic diffusion equation, it does not deteriorate the object boundaries and it preserves topology of the object.
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Palomer, Albert, Pere Ridao, Dina Youakim, David Ribas, Josep Forest y Yvan Petillot. "3D Laser Scanner for Underwater Manipulation". Sensors 18, n.º 4 (4 de abril de 2018): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041086.
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Rioux, M. y T. Bird. "White laser, synced scan (3D scanner)". IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 13, n.º 3 (mayo de 1993): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/38.210485.
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Mikita, Tomáš, Dominika Krausková, Petr Hrůza, Miloš Cibulka y Zdeněk Patočka. "Forest Road Wearing Course Damage Assessment Possibilities with Different Types of Laser Scanning Methods Including New iPhone LiDAR Scanning Apps". Forests 13, n.º 11 (26 de octubre de 2022): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111763.
Resumen
Forests make up 34.1% of the Czech Republic total area and forest roads account for nearly the same length (47,465 km) as all other roads administered by the state and its regions (55,738 km). Forest roads are not as intensively used as other roads. On the other hand, as logging trucks carry the maximum permitted load on roads and forests create a specific microclimate, forest roads are subject to rapid wear. A road wearing course is generally designed for 20 years of service and for a maximum damage level of 25% before they are supposed to be reconstructed. To ensure this life cycle is adhered to, more efficient, faster, and more flexible surface damage detection adaptable for forest environment is needed. As smartphones and their optical devices, i.e., new iPhones with LiDAR sensors, become more advanced, the option arises to perform laser scanning on road surfaces using smartphones applications. This work aimed to test this technology and its precision applicability to assessing damage to a forest wearing course and compare it with another hand-held personal laser scanner (PLShh), represented in this study by GeoSLAM ZEB Horizon scanner, and more precise terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology, represented in this study by Faro Focus 3D laser scanner, which have started to replace tacheometric wearing course damage surveying thanks to their greater precision. So, this study involved a comparison of three alternative laser scanning methods focused especially on these, which are implemented in new iPhones for tacheometric surveying. First, a Faro Focus 3D laser scanner was used for the TLS method. Second, the PLShh method was tested on a GeoSLAM ZEB Horizon scanner. Third, another PLShh method using an iPhone 13 Pro with applications 3D Scanner and Polycam was evaluated. If we are comparing positional height accuracy of PLShh to tacheometric surveying on reference cross position height coordinates, ZEB Horizon achieved devXY and devZ RMSE 0.108 m; 0.025 m; iPhone 13 Pro with 3D Scanner app devXY and devZ RMSE 0.185 m; 0.021 m, and with Polycam app devXY and devZ RMSE 0.31 m; 0.045. TLS achieved the best results with devXY RMSE 0.049 and devZ RMSE 0.0077. The results confirm that only the TLS scanner achieves precision values in height differences applicable for an assessment of forest road wearing course damage measurement comparable with tacheometric surveying. Surprisingly, comparing the PLShh scanners to the TLS technology, they achieved interesting results, comparing their transverse profiles and 3D objects as digital surface models (DSM) of the road to TLS in height position. In transverse profiles, ZEB Horizon achieved devZ RMSE 0.032 m; iPhone 13 Pro with 3D Scanner app devZ RMSE 0.017 m, and with Polycam app devZ RMSE 0.041 m compared to the TLS method measured using a Faro Focus 3D static laser scanner. Comparing forest road DSM to Faro Focus 3D, ZEB Horizon achieved devZ RMSE 0.028 m; iPhone 13 Pro with 3D Scanner app devZ RMSE 0.018 m and with Polycam devZ RMSE 0.041 m. These results in height differences show that the height accuracy of PLShh achieves precision, which is applicable to determining the current shape of forest road wearing course compared to the required roof shape gradient. However, further testing provided the insight that such a kind of PLShh measurement is still only possible to use for the identification of a transverse profile shape, as in length measurement the length error increases. All PLShh are able to capture the current shape of forest road cross profile, but still they cannot be used for any design or calculation of material measurement needed for wearing course repair.
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Blaskow, R. y D. Schneider. "Analysis and correction of the dependency between laser scanner intensity values and range". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5 (5 de junio de 2014): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-107-2014.
Resumen
Intensity values, which are registered by a terrestrial laser scanner system (TLS) for each point of a 3D point cloud in addition to its coordinates, are affected by the characteristic of the measured object and the parameters of the environment. The backscattered electromagnetic signal is influenced in his strength by the reflectivity of the scanned object surface, the incidence angle, the distance between laser scanner and object and the atmospheric respectively system specific setting of the TLS-measurement. The entity of all influences on the signal can be summarized in the laser range equation of <i>Jelalian</i><sup>1</sup>. For the investigations of this study the named influences where divided into two groups. Group 1 includes the surface specific influences. The second group contains all other influences. The correction of the intensity values from the effects of group 2 theoretically allows the determination of similar materials, using similar intensity values in laser scanner point clouds. In this paper the dependency between laser scanner intensity values and range are investigated on the basis of laser scanner data recorded with a Riegl LMS-Z420i. The results are compared with data from the phase-difference laser scanner Zoller+Fröhlich Imager 5006i.
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Heinz, Erik, Markus Mettenleiter, Heiner Kuhlmann y Christoph Holst. "Strategy for Determining the Stochastic Distance Characteristics of the 2D Laser Scanner Z + F Profiler 9012A with Special Focus on the Close Range". Sensors 18, n.º 7 (12 de julio de 2018): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072253.
Resumen
Kinematic laser scanning with moving platforms has been used for the acquisition of 3D point clouds of our environment for many years. A main application of these mobile systems is the acquisition of the infrastructure, e.g., the road surface and buildings. Regarding this, the distance between laser scanner and object is often notably shorter than 20 m. In the close range, however, divergent incident laser light can lead to a deterioration of the precision of laser scanner distance measurements. In the light of this, we analyze the distance precision of the 2D laser scanner Z + F Profiler 9012A, purpose-built for kinematic applications, in the range of up to 20 m. In accordance with previous studies, a clear dependency between scan rate, intensity of the backscattered laser light and distance precision is evident, which is used to derive intensity-based stochastic models for the sensor. For this purpose, a new approach for 2D laser scanners is proposed that is based on the static scanning of surfaces with different backscatter. The approach is beneficial because the 2D laser scanner is operated in its normal measurement mode, no sophisticated equipment is required and no model assumptions for the scanned surface are made. The analysis reveals a lower precision in the range below 5 m caused by a decreased intensity. However, the Z + F Profiler 9012A is equipped with a special hardware-based close range optimization partially compensating for this. Our investigations show that this optimization works best at a distance of about 2 m. Although increased noise remains a critical factor in the close range, the derived stochastic models are also valid below 5 m.
31
Jiang, Hai Lin. "Precision Analysis of Reconstructed Aluminum Alloy Handle". Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (febrero de 2012): 2226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2226.
Resumen
In order to carry out the error analyses of the aluminum alloy in reverse engineering, Mastercam was used to create three-dimensional (3D) parametric solid models and automatically generate NC program files. By using the generated NC program, a simulating is processed on a milling machine. The surface of the obtained product 1 was immediately scanned by a laser scanner. Using the obtained results from the laser scanner, the three-dimensional models were created in Geomagic Studio. Reanalysis of the three dimensional models, product 2 can be obtained. Finally, Error analysis was carried out by comparing the 3D scan data with the original design models. The current research demonstrates that error analysis by the present method is feasible. However, since aluminum was selected as the processing material, the scanned data is not satisfactory; contrast error is greater after reverse engineering.
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Danielis, Alessandro, Massimiliano Guarneri, Massimo Francucci, Mario Ferri De Collibus, Giorgio Fornetti y Arianna Mencattini. "A Quadratic Model with Nonpolynomial Terms for Remote Colorimetric Calibration of 3D Laser Scanner Data Based on Piecewise Cubic Hermite Polynomials". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/606948.
Resumen
The processing of intensity data from terrestrial laser scanners has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Accurate calibrated intensity could give added value for laser scanning campaigns, for example, in producing faithful 3D colour models of real targets and classifying easier and more reliable automatic tools. In cultural heritage area, the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accurate colorimetric data is needed. This paper presents a remote calibration method for self-registered RGB colour data provided by a 3D tristimulus laser scanner prototype. Such distinguishing colour information opens new scenarios and problems for remote colorimetry. Using piecewise cubic Hermite polynomials, a quadratic model with nonpolynomial terms for reducing inaccuracies occurring in remote colour measurement is implemented. Colorimetric data recorded by the prototype on certified diffusive targets is processed for generating a remote Lambertian model used for assessing the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Results concerning laser scanner digitizations of artworks are reported to confirm the effectiveness of the method.
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Alselwi, Abdullah Abdulkhaleq, Mohd Fadhli bin Khamis y Johari Yap Abdullah. "Validity and reliability of palatal rugae morphometric assessment with 3D laser scanned models". Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 21 (3 de enero de 2022): e225924. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8665924.
Resumen
Aim: To assess the reliability and validity of morphometric features on 3D digital models produced by scanning maxillary dental casts of Malaysian Malay subjects. Methods: Dental casts of 20 subjects were scanned using a 3D laser scanner (Next Engine Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA). The palatal rugae morphometric features were assessed on the resulting 3D models using 3-Matic Research 9.0 software (Materialise NV, Heverlee, Belgium). The assessments were repeated by the first and second authors to assess the intra- and interexaminer reliability, respectively. Rugae morphometric features were also evaluated on the conventional plaster models to assess the validity of the 3D method. Results: Kappa values of the validity ranged from 0.807 to 0.922 for rugae shape, size category and direction. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for rugae number validity was 0.979. For intra-examiner reliability, kappa values ranged from 0.716-1.000 for rugae shape, size category and direction. The ICC for rugae number intra-examiner reliability was 0.949. Kappa values of interexaminer reliability for rugae shape, size category and direction were 0.723-885, while the ICC of rugae number was 0.896. Conclusion: Palatal rugae analyses on 3D digital models scanned by the 3D Next Engine laser scanner using 3-Matic Research 9.0 software are valid and reliable.
34
Syed Abdullah, Sharifah Lailaton Khadijah y Siti Kamisah Mohd Yusof. "Generating a 3D Model Parking Lot by using Terrestrial Laser Scanner". Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, n.º 3 (30 de mayo de 2022): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(3)-08.
Resumen
Nowadays, the usages of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) have been practise widely use in the mapping and modelling of varies field. This is because of the advantages that TLS provided; such as speed in data collecting, high accuracy as well as saving time. One of the main technologies of TLS is by producing a 3 Dimension (3D) that can be analysed from a surface of an object and form of the real world. TLS is practically use in Civil Engineering or Geographic Information System (GIS) for objects modelling and reviewing tunnels volume whereas for Archaeology it be used by maintaining the details of cultural heritage. However, TLS has not been analysed in 3D for the parking area. The main purpose of this study took place is to prove the ability of TLS in producing and analysing into 3D modelling for this particular area. The study has been done at the parking lot of the Department of Survey and Mapping (JUPEM), Kuala Lumpur. The methods that been used for this study are by using a 3D Terrestrial Laser scanner (TLS), Leica Scan Station C10, image point cloud registration, 3D modelling, Cyclone software, parametric modelling 3D and Autodesk Revit. From this study, it helps the JUPEM department in producing 3D detailing plan as well as speed up the outcome of retrieving details for an object and can be presented in tangible form without physically going to the particular area or a site. Therefore, with this introduction of 3D modelling technology towards the relevant fields, it can help others in solving problems for internal infrastructure for buildings and structures.
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Zhang, Hong Fei, Xiao Jun Cheng y Yin Tao Shi. "Study on 3D Modeling for History Building and Precision Analyzing". Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (enero de 2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.471.
Resumen
Taking a certain history building as an example, we introduce a real 3D digital method for Large-Scale history building using 3D laser scanner and total station, and analyze the precision of coordinate conversion model and established 3D model. Firstly, the building are separated into many stations which are scanned separately in order to get the points cloud of each station, at the same time, the coordinates of targets and feature points of each station are obtained with laser scanner and total station respectively; next step, we convert the points cloud of every station with conversion program developed by Matlab so that the data are under the uniform reference frame with the collected homonymy targets; finally, the points cloud which have been registered are meshed in order to build real 3D digital history building model, meanwhile we analyze the precision of conversion model and the real 3D model. The result shows that this method is fast, efficient, and the prospective model has high precision.
36
Kumazaki, R. y Y. Kunii. "DRAWING AND LANDSCAPE SIMULATION FOR JAPANESE GARDEN BY USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W5 (13 de mayo de 2015): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w5-233-2015.
Resumen
Recently, many laser scanners are applied for various measurement fields. This paper investigates that it was useful to use the terrestrial laser scanner in the field of landscape architecture and examined a usage in Japanese garden. As for the use of 3D point cloud data in the Japanese garden, it is the visual use such as the animations. Therefore, some applications of the 3D point cloud data was investigated that are as follows. Firstly, ortho image of the Japanese garden could be outputted for the 3D point cloud data. Secondly, contour lines of the Japanese garden also could be extracted, and drawing was became possible. Consequently, drawing of Japanese garden was realized more efficiency due to achievement of laborsaving. Moreover, operation of the measurement and drawing could be performed without technical skills, and any observers can be operated. Furthermore, 3D point cloud data could be edited, and some landscape simulations that extraction and placement of tree or some objects were became possible. As a result, it can be said that the terrestrial laser scanner will be applied in landscape architecture field more widely.
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Tanaka, S., K. Hasegawa, N. Okamoto, R. Umegaki, S. Wang, M. Uemura, A. Okamoto y K. Koyamada. "SEE-THROUGH IMAGING OF LASER-SCANNED 3D CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS BASED ON STOCHASTIC RENDERING OF LARGE-SCALE POINT CLOUDS". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-5 (6 de junio de 2016): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-5-73-2016.
Resumen
We propose a method for the precise 3D see-through imaging, or transparent visualization, of the large-scale and complex point clouds acquired via the laser scanning of 3D cultural heritage objects. Our method is based on a stochastic algorithm and directly uses the 3D points, which are acquired using a laser scanner, as the rendering primitives. This method achieves the correct depth feel without requiring depth sorting of the rendering primitives along the line of sight. Eliminating this need allows us to avoid long computation times when creating natural and precise 3D see-through views of laser-scanned cultural heritage objects. The opacity of each laser-scanned object is also flexibly controllable. For a laser-scanned point cloud consisting of more than 10<sup>7</sup> or 10<sup>8</sup> 3D points, the pre-processing requires only a few minutes, and the rendering can be executed at interactive frame rates. Our method enables the creation of cumulative 3D see-through images of time-series laser-scanned data. It also offers the possibility of fused visualization for observing a laser-scanned object behind a transparent high-quality photographic image placed in the 3D scene. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to festival floats of high cultural value. These festival floats have complex outer and inner 3D structures and are suitable for see-through imaging.
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Tanaka, S., K. Hasegawa, N. Okamoto, R. Umegaki, S. Wang, M. Uemura, A. Okamoto y K. Koyamada. "SEE-THROUGH IMAGING OF LASER-SCANNED 3D CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS BASED ON STOCHASTIC RENDERING OF LARGE-SCALE POINT CLOUDS". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-5 (6 de junio de 2016): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-5-73-2016.
Resumen
We propose a method for the precise 3D see-through imaging, or transparent visualization, of the large-scale and complex point clouds acquired via the laser scanning of 3D cultural heritage objects. Our method is based on a stochastic algorithm and directly uses the 3D points, which are acquired using a laser scanner, as the rendering primitives. This method achieves the correct depth feel without requiring depth sorting of the rendering primitives along the line of sight. Eliminating this need allows us to avoid long computation times when creating natural and precise 3D see-through views of laser-scanned cultural heritage objects. The opacity of each laser-scanned object is also flexibly controllable. For a laser-scanned point cloud consisting of more than 10<sup>7</sup> or 10<sup>8</sup> 3D points, the pre-processing requires only a few minutes, and the rendering can be executed at interactive frame rates. Our method enables the creation of cumulative 3D see-through images of time-series laser-scanned data. It also offers the possibility of fused visualization for observing a laser-scanned object behind a transparent high-quality photographic image placed in the 3D scene. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to festival floats of high cultural value. These festival floats have complex outer and inner 3D structures and are suitable for see-through imaging.
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Lubis, Fadhli Umar. "METODE FADHLI FAME LANER UNTUK ALAT 3D LASER SCANNER". Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics 3, n.º 1 (18 de enero de 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/jmem.v3i1.534.
Resumen
The 3D laser scanner that will be used in this study is a design tool for students of the 2007 Mechanical Engineering Department. This tool has been validated and used in several studies. Improvements to the 3D Laser Scanner tool are still being carried out, especially in the accuracy of the geometry of the 3D model produced and the time required in the processing of the scanning data. The research was conducted with the aim to increase the results obtained from the scanning process in order to have maximum results and have a fast processing time. In the research conducted, there are several differences with the previous method, namely the use of Visual Basic, supporting software, placing the camera and laser and camera settings. Based on the results of the study, the final results of the scan show the size of the test object has a smaller deviation of 8.12% for height, 0.8% for width and 19.3% for the neck, compared to previous studies of 61.09% for height, 51.8% for width and 40.75% for neck. For the time of the scanning process, there is a shortening of time that is very far compared to previous research, namely the time needed for 1 minute 56 seconds, while in the previous study it took 1 hour 41 minutes 37 seconds.
40
Altyntsev, M. A. y G. D. Geraschenko. "The study of 3D modelling accuracy using terrestrial laser scanning data of Geomax Zoom 300". Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1 (18 de mayo de 2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-1-76-85.
Resumen
One of the tasks solved by terrestrial laser scanning data is three-dimensional modeling of territories. Due to the high density of the resulting point cloud, it is possible to create three-dimensional models of objects with a high level of detail. To date, a large number of models of laser scanners have been released, the technical characteristics of which can be significantly distinguished. To understand the possible accuracy of constructing three-dimensional modes based on the data of a certain laser scanner model and where the scan positions should be placed, a number of studies have to be preliminary performed. The accuracy analysis of the laser scanning data obtained using Geomax Zoom 300 and the results of three-dimensional modeling based on control measurements is carried out. Recommendations have been proposed for the use of this laser scanner model to construct 3D models of maximum possible accuracy and detail.
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Wang, Xiao Gang, Xin Zhan Li y Yue Li. "A Novel Modeling Method Based on Telmat Laser Scanning System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (mayo de 2011): 1079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1079.
Resumen
Though 3D body scanning system is most developed system for achieving body data, there are some scanning dead angles when body is scanned. Based on the scanning file produced by Telmat 3D body scanner, the structure of scanning file was introduced and model algorithm was analyzed. Holes in model were produced because of scanning dead angles, where were on the side of arms, on the side of legs, on the side of upper body, in the side of arms and in the side of legs. A 3D system was developed to automatically read the scanning file and reconstruct body model in it. At the same time holes can be automatic identified and repaired by this system. Then the model repaired was compared to the initial model produced by Telmat system and to confirm the integrality. The algorithm of program is fit to 3D scanning file from all kinds of body scanner system, which holes were produced. The automatic system perfected 3D scanning system and overcome the difficulty produced by the hardware in scanning system.
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Sharma, V. B., R. Dubey, A. Bhatt, S. Bharadwaj, A. Srivastava y S. Biswas. "A METHOD FOR EXTRACTING DEFORMATION FEATURES FROM TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER 3D POINT CLOUDS DATA IN RGIPT BUILDING". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (30 de mayo de 2022): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-267-2022.
Resumen
Abstract. With the advancement of measuring technology and the incorporation of photogrammetry into architectural applications, architectural documentation applications have taken on a new viewpoint. Terrestrial laser scanning is a modern approach employed in documentation research today in this field. The following are the most significant advantages of terrestrial laser scanning in this study.The point cloud data obtained by terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) allows for quick access to the correct data at the specified frequency, generating relevant and practical findings for the targeted study, and the ability to use scanners in a variety of working environments. Laser scanners have become one of the most popular tools for obtaining effective and successful outcomes in architectural documentation projects such as surveys, restitution, and renovation. Standardized building rules and design procedures have been developed to create structures that are safe for public usage. Structures are frequently subjected to severe loading situations and difficult environmental situations that were not anticipated during design, resulting in a long-term structural deformation. In this paper, the “RGIPT”, which is one of the educational institutes in Uttar Pradesh, India, was scanned with a terrestrial laser scanner for this study, and 3D sketching, and modelling were done with the SCENE software utilizing only 3D point cloud data. Few columns of the structure have been considered for this paper and their behavior with vibration loading is observed. To conduct this study variation of variances for X-direction and Y-direction is observed for millions of points with increasing height of the structure to predict the upcoming deformation in studied columns of the structure.
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Li, Jianxiong, Qian Zhou, Xinghui Li, Ruiming Chen y Kai Ni. "An Improved Low-Noise Processing Methodology Combined with PCL for Industry Inspection Based on Laser Line Scanner". Sensors 19, n.º 15 (2 de agosto de 2019): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153398.
Resumen
This paper introduces a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data obtained method based on a laser line scanner and data processing technology via a PCL open project. This paper also provides a systematical analysis of the error types of laser line scanner and common error reducing solutions and calibration of the laser line scanner. The laser line scanner is combined with a precision motorized stage to obtain the 3D information of a measurand, and the format of point cloud data is converted via the set of x, y, and z coordinates. The original signal is processed according to the noise signal types of the raw point cloud data. This paper introduced a denoise process step by step combining various segmentation methods and a more optimized three-dimensional data model is obtained. A novel method for industry inspection based on the numerous point cloud for the dimensions evaluation via feature extraction and the deviation of complex surface between scanned point cloud and designed point cloud via registration algorithm is proposed. Measurement results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed methods. An obtained point cloud precision of ±10 μm is achieved, and the precision of dimension evaluation is less than ±40 μm. The results shown in the research demonstrated that the proposed method allows a higher precision and relative efficiency in measurement of dimensions and deviation of complex surfaces in industrial inspection.
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Liu, Bin, Qian Qiao y Fangfang Han. "Rapid Calibration Method for 3D Laser Scanner". Recent Patents on Engineering 14, n.º 2 (29 de octubre de 2020): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212113666191016140122.
Resumen
Background: The 3D laser scanner is a non-contact active-sensing system, which has a number of applications. Many patents have been filed on the technologies for calibrating 3D laser scanner. A precise calibration method is important for measuring the accuracy of the 3D laser scanner. The system model contains three categories of parameters to be calibrated which include the camera intrinsic parameters, distortion coefficients and the light plane parameters. Typically, the calibration process is completed in two steps. Based on Zhang’s method, the calibration of the camera intrinsic parameters and distortion coefficients can be performed. Then, 3D feature points on the light plane should precisely be formed and extracted. Finally, the points are used to calculate the light plane parameters. Methods: In this paper, a rapid calibration method is presented. Without any high precision auxiliary device, only one coplanar reference target is used. By using a group of captured images of the coplanar reference target placed in the field of view arbitrarily, calibration can be performed in one step. Based on the constraint from the planes formed by the target in different directions and the camera imaging model, a large amount of 3D points on the light plane can easily be obtained. The light plane equation in the camera coordinates system can be gathered by executing plane fitting to the 3D points. Results: During the experimental process, the developed 3D laser scanner was calibrated by the proposed method. Then, the measuring accuracy of the system was verified with known distance in vertical direction of 1mm with sequential shifting motion generated by precision translation stage. The average value of the measured distances was found to be 1.010mm. The standard deviation was 0.008mm. Conclusion: Experimental results prove that the proposed calibration method is simple and reliable.
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Phan, Lam Huynh, Nam Thanh Nguyen y Duy Van Pham. "Errors reducing method of Laser 3D scanner". Science and Technology Development Journal 17, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2014): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i1.1293.
Resumen
This paper presents the factors that influence the form scanning processing by using the laser: light ambient, scanning surface, motion axial, focal length of the camera. This paper will present the method to reduce the error of the environment by using the camera calibration algorithms and the coordinate movements. This errors reducing method to solve the problem from local to genera: from solving errors created by the curve of the cameras to the laser-line width, to the dark gray threshold of the images by the camera aperture and coupling 2- movement axis to scanning-coupling more effectively.
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Armansyah, Arif, Syarif Hidayatulloh y Asti Herliana. "Perancangan dan Pembuatan Alat Scanner 3D Menggunakan Sensor Kinect Xbox 360". Jurnal Informatika 5, n.º 1 (19 de abril de 2018): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31311/ji.v5i1.2443.
Resumen
Abstrak
Scanner 3D adalah teknologi yang digunakan untuk memindai objek nyata untuk mendapatkan bentuk, ukuran dan fitur lainnya agar menghasilkan gambar yang sangat akurat. Dalam perancangan alat scanner 3D sebelumnya, yaitu scanner 3D menggunakan sensor ultrasonik, infra merah, dan line laser. Maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat beberapa kekurangan yaitu masih terbatasnya objek yang di scan serta hasil scan yang belum akurat karena hanya menghasilkan garis-garis yang membentuk objek. Pada penelitian ini, penulis membuat scanner 3D dengan hasil akurasi yang tinggi. Scanner 3D yang dibuat adalah menggunakan sensor Kinect xbox 360. Cara kerja dari kinect yaitu dengan menggabungkan antara beberapa kamera, Color Cimos (VNA38209015) kamera ini berfungsi membantu dalam pengenalan objek dan fitur deteksi lainnya, serta kamera IR CMOS (VCA379C7130), dan IR Projector (OG12) yaitu sebagai depth sensor atau sensor kedalaman yang merupakan sebuah proyektor infrared dan sebuah sensor monochrome CMOS yang bekerja secara bersama-sama untuk melihat ruangan atau area dalam bentuk 3D tanpa memperdulikan kondisi cahaya. Untuk mengolah serta menampilkan hasil dari objek yang sudah di scan menggunakan aplikasi KScan3D. Kemudian untuk koneksi antara PC dengan media penggerak menggunakan Bluetooth HC-06. Setelah dilakukan pengujian didapatkan model gambar 3D dengan dengan hasil akurasi yang cukup tinggi.
Kata Kunci: Bluetooth HC-06, Infra Merah, Line Laser, Kinect, KScan3D, Scanner 3D, Ultrasonik
Abstract
Scanner 3D is the technology used to scan real objects to get the form, size and other features in order to produce pictures that are very accurate. In the design of the appliance scanner 3D previously, namely scanner 3D using the ultrasonic sensor, infrared and laser line. It can be concluded there are some disadvantages that is still limited objects in the scan and the scans are not accurate because only produces lines that formed the object. In this research, author make scanner 3D with high accuracy results. Scanner 3D is made using the XBOX 360 Kinect sensor. How to work from kinect namely with combining between some camera, Color Cimos (VNA38209015) this camera work help in the introduction of objects and other detection feature and IR camera CMOS (VCA379C7130), and IR Projector (OG12) as depth censorship or the depth sensor is a projector infrared and a monochrome sensor CMOS working together to see the room or area in the form of 3D without neglecting the light conditions. To process and display the results from the object that is already in the scan using KScan3D application Then to the connection between the PC with media drives using Bluetooth HC-06. After the test is done obtained the model picture 3D with the results of the accuracy high enough.
Key Word: Bluetooth HC-06, Infra Merah , Line Laser, Kinect, KScan3D, Scanner 3D, Ultrasonik
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Armansyah, Arif, Syarif Hidayatulloh y Asti Herliana. "Perancangan dan Pembuatan Alat Scanner 3D Menggunakan Sensor Kinect Xbox 360". Jurnal Informatika 5, n.º 1 (19 de abril de 2018): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/ji.v5i1.2443.
Resumen
Abstrak
Scanner 3D adalah teknologi yang digunakan untuk memindai objek nyata untuk mendapatkan bentuk, ukuran dan fitur lainnya agar menghasilkan gambar yang sangat akurat. Dalam perancangan alat scanner 3D sebelumnya, yaitu scanner 3D menggunakan sensor ultrasonik, infra merah, dan line laser. Maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat beberapa kekurangan yaitu masih terbatasnya objek yang di scan serta hasil scan yang belum akurat karena hanya menghasilkan garis-garis yang membentuk objek. Pada penelitian ini, penulis membuat scanner 3D dengan hasil akurasi yang tinggi. Scanner 3D yang dibuat adalah menggunakan sensor Kinect xbox 360. Cara kerja dari kinect yaitu dengan menggabungkan antara beberapa kamera, Color Cimos (VNA38209015) kamera ini berfungsi membantu dalam pengenalan objek dan fitur deteksi lainnya, serta kamera IR CMOS (VCA379C7130), dan IR Projector (OG12) yaitu sebagai depth sensor atau sensor kedalaman yang merupakan sebuah proyektor infrared dan sebuah sensor monochrome CMOS yang bekerja secara bersama-sama untuk melihat ruangan atau area dalam bentuk 3D tanpa memperdulikan kondisi cahaya. Untuk mengolah serta menampilkan hasil dari objek yang sudah di scan menggunakan aplikasi KScan3D. Kemudian untuk koneksi antara PC dengan media penggerak menggunakan Bluetooth HC-06. Setelah dilakukan pengujian didapatkan model gambar 3D dengan dengan hasil akurasi yang cukup tinggi.
Kata Kunci: Bluetooth HC-06, Infra Merah, Line Laser, Kinect, KScan3D, Scanner 3D, Ultrasonik
Abstract
Scanner 3D is the technology used to scan real objects to get the form, size and other features in order to produce pictures that are very accurate. In the design of the appliance scanner 3D previously, namely scanner 3D using the ultrasonic sensor, infrared and laser line. It can be concluded there are some disadvantages that is still limited objects in the scan and the scans are not accurate because only produces lines that formed the object. In this research, author make scanner 3D with high accuracy results. Scanner 3D is made using the XBOX 360 Kinect sensor. How to work from kinect namely with combining between some camera, Color Cimos (VNA38209015) this camera work help in the introduction of objects and other detection feature and IR camera CMOS (VCA379C7130), and IR Projector (OG12) as depth censorship or the depth sensor is a projector infrared and a monochrome sensor CMOS working together to see the room or area in the form of 3D without neglecting the light conditions. To process and display the results from the object that is already in the scan using KScan3D application Then to the connection between the PC with media drives using Bluetooth HC-06. After the test is done obtained the model picture 3D with the results of the accuracy high enough.
Key Word: Bluetooth HC-06, Infra Merah , Line Laser, Kinect, KScan3D, Scanner 3D, Ultrasonik
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Yokoyama, H. y H. Chikatsu. "AUTOMATIC TREE DATA REMOVAL METHOD FOR TOPOGRAPHY MEASUREMENT RESULT USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (23 de febrero de 2017): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-659-2017.
Resumen
Recently, laser scanning has been receiving greater attention as a useful tool for real-time 3D data acquisition, and various applications such as city modelling, DTM generation and 3D modelling of cultural heritage sites have been proposed. And, former digital data processing were demanded in the past digital archive techniques for cultural heritage sites. However, robust filtering method for distinguishing on- and off-terrain points by terrestrial laser scanner still have many issues. In the past investigation, former digital data processing using air-bone laser scanner were reported. Though, efficient tree removal methods from terrain points for the cultural heritage are not considered. In this paper, authors describe a new robust filtering method for cultural heritage using terrestrial laser scanner with "the echo digital processing technology" as latest data processing techniques of terrestrial laser scanner.
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Wang, Fu Ping, Wei Fan, Sen Su, Sheng Xiong Liu y Zhi Yong Yin. "Flash Sliver Prevents Laser Penetrating Organic Materials". Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (diciembre de 2012): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.48.
Resumen
High-quality point clouds are the bases of high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) model. How to obtain the corresponding surface point clouds is always an important work in reverse engineering. Faro Laser Scanner Fonton120 was used to scan an organic material which is composed of potassium stearate, sodium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol and paraffin liquid in a dark room. The organic material has fewer reflectors and is penetrated by laser of scanner. For increasing the reflector and obtaining high-accuracy 3D model, the flash sliver was coated on organic material’s surface. Flash sliver was found not only increasing the high reflector but also preventing laser penetrating. It indicated that coating flash sliver was an efficient method to obtain high-quality point clouds. These findings have supplied a basis for 3D laser scanner appling to the field of organic material.
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Shiozawa, Hideto, Takeshi Yoshida, Takanori Fukao y Yasuyoshi Yokokohji. "3D Reconstruction using Airbone Velodyne Laser Scanner". Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 31, n.º 10 (2013): 992–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.31.992.