Literatura académica sobre el tema "320.51/3"

Abstract Biofoam is a replacement packaging for Styrofoam made from natural fibres that are naturally biodegradable and food-safe. Many studies use chemicals and starch as a matrix adhesive in the manufacture of biofoam. In previous studies, biofoam cups have been developed using the mold Rhizopus oligosporus which is found in coconut fibre. The objective of this study was to analyse the physical, thermal and functional groups’ characteristics in order to determine the most durable biofoam cup. The mixtures of fibre, tempeh mold, and soy flour were fermented for 3 days at 35°C in two stacked plastic cups and were dried for 46 hours at 50°C to stop the fermentation process. The biofoam cups were then analysed for the physical, thermal and functional groups’ characteristics. The most favourable characteristics of the biofoam cup is not easily destroyed and resistant to heat. The results showed that it had 0.08 g/cm3 ± 0.1 g/cm3 of density and 320.54°C of thermal gravimetry analysis. It also had a hydroxyl functional group (O-H) at wave number 3273.20 cm−1, an alkyl group (C-H) at wave number 2937.59 cm−1, a carbonyl group (C=O) at wave number 1654.92 cm−1, 1535.34 cm−1, and 1259.52 cm−1, and the C-O functional group at the wave number 1060.85 cm−1.

Bacteria and archaea use the CRISPR–Cas system as an adaptive response against infection by foreign nucleic acids. Owing to its remarkable flexibility, this mechanism has been harnessed and adopted as a powerful tool for genome editing. The CRISPR–Cas system includes two classes that are subdivided into six types and 19 subtypes according to conservation of thecasgene and loci organization. Recently, a new protein with endonuclease activity belonging to class 2 type V has been identified. This endonuclease, termed Cpf1, in complex with a single CRISPR RNA (crRNA) is able to recognize and cleave a target DNA preceded by a 5′-TTN-3′ protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) complementary to the RNA guide. To obtain structural insight into the inner workings of Cpf1, the crystallization of an active complex containing the full extent of the crRNA and a 31-nucleotide dsDNA target was attempted. The gene encoding Cpf1 fromFrancisella novicidawas cloned, overexpressed and purified. The crRNA was transcribed and purifiedin vitro. Finally, the ternary FnCpf1–crRNA–DNA complex was assembled and purified by preparative electrophoresis before crystallization. Crystals belonging to space groupC2221, with unit-cell parametersa= 85.2,b= 137.6,c= 320.5 Å, were obtained and subjected to preliminary diffraction experiments.

Objective: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), a major cause of vision loss, is a significant ocular health concern. The frequency of macular edema due to BRVO is a critical area of study because of its profound impact on patient quality of life. This study investigated the effectiveness of ranibizumab, a monoclonal antibody fragment and VEGF inhibitor, in the treatment of macular edema in patients with BRVO. Material and Methods: Twelve patients (12 eyes) diagnosed with macular edema secondary to BRVO were included in this study. Patients were selected on the basis of specific visual acuity and macular thickness criteria, excluding those with other ocular conditions or systemic diseases. 0.05 milligrams of ranibizumab was administered intravitreally to each patient. Ophthalmological assessments were conducted both before and after the injection and at 1, 2, 3, and 6-month intervals following medication administration. Results: The average follow-up duration was 5.5±1.16 months (ranging from 2 to 6 months). The average central macular thickness before the injection was 542.66±191.44 µm, which decreased to 320.50±101.44 µm at 1-month post-injection, 283.66±125.01 µm at 2 months, 299.40±91.52 µm at 3 months, and 260.90±144.97 µm at 6 months. The reduction in central macular thickness at all time points was statistically significant (p<0.01). The mean Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter score was 55.83±23.91 before the injection and improved to 71.25±17.07 at 1 month, 74.33±15.97 at 2 months, 66.7±21.60 at 3 months, and 71.2±17.38 at 6 months post-injection. The increase in visual acuity at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after the injection was statistically significant compared to the pre-injection ETDRS letter scores (p<0.05). An improvement of two or more lines in visual acuity was observed in 58.3% of cases at 1 month, 58.3% at 2 months, 50% at 3 months, and 80% at 6 months (one line equivalent to five letters). Conclusion: Intravitreal Ranibizumab injections have been found to be effective and reliable in the early stages of treating macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion.

Napham, a unique smoked-dried-fermented fish paste, is a traditional delicacy prepared by the Assamese Bodo people. This research focuses on the process of Napham preparation and explores its nutritional benefits. To make Napham, sundried and smoked trash fishes, along with Alocasia macrorrhiza stems, are ground and stuffed into immature bamboo tubes, where they ferment for 2-3 months. Although Napham possesses a distinct taste and texture that may not appeal to everyone, the fermentation process significantly enhances its nutritional value by increasing its vitamin content, improving fatty acid profiles, and enhancing amino acid profiles. The study reveals that Napham is a remarkable source of protein (63.65 ± 0.83 g/100 g), potassium (667.87 ± 3.48 mg/kg), sodium (531.48 ± 3.43 mg/kg), and magnesium (56.23 ± 1.53 mg/kg). Napham contains both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, including linoleic acid (10.10 ± 0.002%), α-linolenic acid (6.47 ± 0.062%), arachidonic acid (4.65 ± 0.031%), eicosapentaenoic acid (1.08 ± 0.007%), and docosahexaenoic acid (3.44 ± 0.036%). Furthermore, Napham is rich in essential amino acids such as methionine (227.407 µmol/L), isoleucine (478.525 µmol/L), leucine (797.944 µmol/L), valine (640.867 µmol/L), phenylalanine (320.573 µmol/L), lysine (1066.557 µmol/L), and histidine (104.525 µmol/L), complementing its nutritional profile.

This study compares the antioxidant properties (RSADPPH–DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP–ferric reducing activity power, and FIC–ferrous ion-chelating activity), the total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and catechin profiles, as well as the caffeine content of Azorean Camellia sinensis green tea collected in seasons of two different years. The RSADPPH showed some variation between 2019 and 2020, and presented, in general, better results in 2020 as well as during the summer seasons. The FRAP was also noted to be at its highest in July and August of the two investigated years (6.64 and 6.40 µg/mL in 2019 and 5.85 and 5.46 µg/mL in 2020). According to FIC activity, the August 2019 sample exhibited the highest value (76.18%). The TP varied between 291.14 and 326.93 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dried extract (DE) in 2019 and between 300.25 and 320.58 mg GAE/g DE in 2020. Concerning the TF, the values varied between 51.85 and 67.93 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g DE in 2019 and between 50.27 and 69.57 mg RE/g DE in 2020. Epicatechins derivatives, determined by HPLC, presented higher values in all samples from 2020 compared to 2019, and the same was observed for esterified catechins. The epigallocatechin-3-gallate content was also higher in all samples from 2020 (214.52–240.16 mg/g DE) compared to 2019 (140.91–210.83 mg/g DE). Regarding caffeine content (12.86–20.45 mg/g DE in 2019 and 13.19–29.35 mg/g DE in 2020), the samples from April and June exhibited similar values in both years. In general, green tea samples exhibited better results in 2020 than in 2019, with the exception of FIC activity, while the varied TP and TF contents in certain months reflect the impact of climatic variation on tea quality.

17012 Background: We previously reported that carboplatin pleurodesis in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with MPE, renal insufficiency, and poor performance status (PS) was an effective palliative therapy. However, the efficacy and toxicity profile of carboplatin pleurodesis in patients with NSCLC with MPE in comparison with those of cisplatin pleurodesis have not been reported. Methods: Thirty patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC accompanied with MPE who did not have an indication for systemic chemotherapy because of poor PS more than 2 were randomized to carboplatin pleurodesis (target area under the curve as 5 μg-min/ml using Calvert’s formula) and cisplatin pleurodesis (80 mg/m2) in a single-blind and controlled trial. Enrollment took place between Oct 2004 and Dec 2005. Primary efficacy endpoints were the best confirmed response rate, time to progression (TTP) in controlling MPE and adverse effects. Results: Fifteen of 30 patients were treated by carboplatin pleurodesis, and resting 15 of 30 patients were treated by cisplatin pleurodesis to control MPE. The response rate in carboplatin pleurodesis was not statistically different from that for patients in cisplatin pleurodesis (P = .226). The use of anticancer drugs for pleurodesis was not significantly associated with response rate in logistic regression analysis (relative risk = 14.2, 95% CI: 0.6–320.5, P = .095). Median TTP in carboplatin pleurodesis was not different from that in cisplatin pleurodesis (96 days vs 83 days). The use of carboplatin for pleurodesis (P = .016) and gender (P = .005) were associated with prolongation of TTP in the Cox regression method. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the progression free probability curve in carboplatin pleurodesis was not different from that in cisplatin pleurodesis (P = .275). The rate of Grade 3 thrombocytopenia in carboplatin pleurodesis (25%) was higher than that in cisplatin pleurodesis (0%), but there was no statistical significance (P = .096). Conclusions: Carboplatin pleurodesis and cisplatin pleurodesis may be feasible and acceptable toxicity profiles. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting small and medium-sized joints symmetrically, leading to poor functional outcomes and structural damages with time. The RA elementary inflammatory lesions, synovitis and tenosynovitis, have been associated with the development and worsening of bone erosions leading to loss of joint function and pain. The median age at diagnosis of RA patients, ranged between 50-60 years old, age at which degenerative and inflammation lesions relative to osteoarthritis (OA) damages may be present and interfere to establish a diagnosis of inflamed and/or structural RA disease.ObjectivesTo assess prevalence, topography and severity of inflammation and erosion on ultrasound (US) in RA and OA patients and to propose US thresholds to classify RA patients.MethodsPatients fulfilling ACR 1987 and/or ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for RA or ACR criteria for hand OA were reprospectively included. Synovitis and tenosynovitis (TS) in B and Power Doppler (PD) modes on seven bilateral joints (carpus, MCP2, 3, 5, MTP2, 3, 5) were scored according to a four-grade scale of severity. Erosive disease was defined by the presence of at least one erosion >2 mm confirmed in 2 perpendicular plans on 30 targeted facet joints. Sensitivity, specificity and OR for the diagnosis of RA were calculated for each elementary (inflammatory and erosive) US lesion.Results153 patients were included: 107 (31 early <2 years) RA and 46 OA patients. Synovitis (B and PD modes) was observed in 92 (85.9%) RA and 12 (26%) OA patients, respectively (p <0.0001). TS (B and PD modes) was depicted in 61(57%) RA and 4 (8.7%) OA patients, respectively (p <0.0001). 71 (66%) RA and 5 (11%) OA patients responded to the definition of erosive disease (p<0.001). The combination of US erosion and PD+ synovitis provided the best compromise to classify RA patients: sensitivity 49.1% (39.7-58.4)), specificity 97.8% (87.4-99.5) and OR= 43.8 (CI95: 8.2-230.2). For early RA, PD+ TS provided the best compromise: sensitivity 54.8% (37.8-58.4), specificity 97.8% (87.4 -100) and OR= 54.6 (CI95: 9.3- 320.5).ConclusionThe combination of PD+ synovitis and erosion in RA and PD+ tenosynovitis alone in early RA offered the best compromise to classify RA versus OA patients.References[1]Scott DL et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. The Lancet.[2]Funck-Brentano et al. Prediction of Radiographic Damage in Early Arthritis by Sonographic Erosions and Power Doppler Signal: A Longitudinal Observational Study. Arthritis Care & Research.[3]Vlychou et al. Ultrasonographic evidence of inflammation is frequent in hands of patients with erosive osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.[4]Roux et al. Ultrasonographic criteria for the diagnosis of erosive rheumatoid arthritis using osteoarthritic patients as controls compared to validated radiographic criteria. Joint Bone Spine.[5]Sahbudin et al. The role of ultrasound-defined tenosynovitis and synovitis in the prediction of rheumatoid arthritis development.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.

Abstract Introduction: Post-marketing studies provide important insight into the consistency of data from clinical studies and routine clinical use. This non-interventional, prospective, multicentre study (WIL-20) collected real-life data on the use of a human VWF/FVIII concentrate with the native VWF/FVIII complex in a physiological 1:1 ratio (wilate®; pdVWF/FVIII) in routine clinical practice. Here, we report the final results from this study. Methods: The primary objective was to document the safety and tolerability of pdVWF/FVIII in routine clinical practice, with a planned observation period per patient of 2 years. Secondary objectives were to document the efficacy in on-demand treatment of acute bleeding, long-term prophylaxis, and surgical prophylaxis. Male and female patients of any age and with any type of VWD who were prescribed pdVWF/FVIII were eligible for the study. pdVWF/FVIII was administered at the investigator's discretion. Data recorded included patient demographics, laboratory parameters, treatment details, and occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including immunogenicity and thrombogenicity. Tolerability was assessed using a verbal rating scale; efficacy of on-demand treatment and surgical prophylaxis using a haemostatic scale; and prophylactic efficacy based on the frequency of spontaneous breakthrough bleeds. Results: The study enrolled 120 patients from 11 countries. Within the safety population (111 patients who received at least one dose of pdVWF/FVIII), 45% of patients had type 1 VWD, 29% type 2 and 18% type 3; disease type was unavailable for 8 patients, and 1 patient was diagnosed with haemophilia A during the study. Of the 111 patients, 33% were previously untreated with a FVIII/VWF product. A total of 7024 infusions were administered to the safety population over a median observation time of 2 years; median dose was 320.5 IU/kg. A total of 26 ADRs were reported in 8 patients; 4 were mild, 3 moderate and 1 severe. Three patients discontinued treatment and 1 stopped treatment temporarily due to adverse events. Using an experimental assay, 3 cases of VWF inhibitors were identified, with no impact on clinical outcome. No thromboembolic events were reported. Tolerability was rated for 6497 infusions, with 96.2% rated 'excellent', 3.7% 'satisfactory', and 0.1% 'unsatisfactory'. Of the 29 patients treated on-demand, 150 bleeding events (BEs), excluding menstrual bleeds, were reported in 25 patients; 18% of BEs were mild, 71.3% were moderate, and 10% were severe. 94% of treated bleeds (130/138) resolved with 1 or 2 infusions, with a median dose per BE of 33 IU/kg. The efficacy of treatment was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' for 100% of BEs. Of the 25 patients treated with pdVWF/FVIII for prophylaxis, 18 patients had a total of 233 breakthrough BEs; 37% mild, 44% moderate, and 9% severe (severity information was unavailable for 11% of bleeds). Of the breakthrough BEs that required treatment, 85% (149/175) were treated with 1 or 2 infusions of pdVWF/FVIII, with a median dose per BE of 55.4 IU/kg. Efficacy of pdVWF/FVIII was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' by investigators for 99% of 139 evaluable breakthrough BEs. For patients on prophylaxis (n = 25), the median annualised bleeding rate for spontaneous BEs was 1.5 (range 0.0-19.7). The efficacy of prophylaxis for prevention of spontaneous breakthrough bleeds was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' in 96% (24/25) of these patients. A total of 99 surgical procedures were performed in 62 patients; 56% with type 1 VWD, 29% type 2 and 13% type 3 (2% were type unknown). Of the procedures, 46 were major and 53 minor. All but one of the surgeries were managed with pdVWF/FVIII prophylaxis, and the efficacy was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' in 99% (96/97) of surgeries with assessments available. Conclusions: The final results of this non-interventional study indicate that pdVWF/FVIII is well tolerated and effective for on-demand treatment, prophylaxis, and surgical prophylaxis in patients with all types of VWD treated as part of routine clinical practice. The data are consistent with those from previous clinical studies and provide real-life evidence from around the world on the use of pdVWF/FVIIIfor management of VWD in all clinical settings. Disclosures Werner: Octapharma USA Inc.: Employment. Hashimoto:Octapharma USA Inc.: Employment. Knaub:Octapharma AG: Employment. Rodgers:Octapharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

Wheat yield has been constrained by stripe rust disease globally. A wheat landrace (Qishanmai, QSM) consistently showed lower stripe rust severities in multiple year studies than susceptible check varieties including Suwon11 (SW) at the adult plant stage. To detect QTL for reducing the severity in QSM, 1218 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from SW × QSM. QTL detection was conducted firstly using 112 RILs selected for similarity in pheno-morphological characters. The 112 RILs were assessed for stripe rust severity at the 2nd leaf, 6th leaf and flag leaf stages under field and greenhouse conditions, and genotyping was done primarily with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, a major QTL (QYr.cau-1DL) was detected on chromosome 1D at the 6th leaf and flag leaf stages. Further mapping was conducted by genotyping 1218 RILs using new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which were developed by referring to the sequences of the wheat line Chinese Spring (IWGSC RefSeq v1.0). QYr.cau-1DL was mapped within a 0.5 cM (5.2 Mb) interval delimited by the SSR markers 1D-320.58 and 1D-325.79. These markers were applied to select for QYr.cau-1DL by screening F2 or BC4F2 plants of the wheat crosses RL6058 × QSM, Lantian10 × QSM and Yannong21 × QSM. F2:3 or BC4F2:3 families derived from the selected plants were assessed for stripe rust resistance in the fields of two locations and in a greenhouse. Wheat plants carrying the resistant marker haplotype in homozygous state for QYr.cau-1DL showed lower stripe rust severities (by 44% to 48%) than plants lacking this QTL. The trial of RL6058 (a carrier of Yr18) × QSM also indicated that QYr.cau-1DL had larger effect than Yr18 on reducing severity; they acted synergistically, yielding an elevated level of stripe rust resistance.

The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.