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Jiang, Zhen, Ye Lei, Kefang Gu, Jin Xianghua, Xia Liming y Hu Kejian. "The Influences of NO and Ach on cGMP Levels in Two Patient Populations". Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 33, n.º 1 (marzo de 2001): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/200133123.
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Pulmonary hypertension following cardiac surgery is an important factor affecting postoperative mortality, and its mechanism has not been thoroughly clarified. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can destroy pulmonary endothelium and aggravate pulmonary hypertension. This study is designed to investigate the impacts of CPB on vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation, and the relations of CPB to pulmonary hypertension. Forty patients undergoing valve surgery were involved. According to their preoperative pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), these patients were divided into pulmonary hypertension group (H group) and normal group (N group). The concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured at baseline conditions, after acetylcholine (Ach) injection, and during nitric oxide (NO) inhalation. Samples were taken before sternotomy and after weaning from CPB, 4 and 12 hours post-CPB. At baseline, the level of cGMP in the H group was lower than that of the N group by 33.9% before CPB. After initiating the CPB, although the level of cGMP continuously decreased in both groups until weaning from CPB (the N group decreased 33.3%, and the H group decreased 59%). At that point cGMP was higher in N group than in the H group (p < .01). The level of cGMP of both groups tended to recover 4 hours after CPB, but only the N group returned to baseline 12 hours after CPB. After injection of Ach, the level of cGMP of both groups followed the same change as in the baseline, except with different numeric value. The level of cGMP in N group rose ranging from 160.0–197.3%, while it rose ranging from 87.7–168.1% in H group. The levels of cGMP were higher in N group than those in H group at all times following injection of Ach (61.4, 173.3, 202.7, and 188.0%)(p < .01). After inhalation of NO, the level of cGMP of both groups followed the same change as the baseline. The level of cGMP in N group rose ranging from 194.8–320.5%. Although the levels of cGMP were higher in N group than those in H group (6.9, 25.3, 23.3, and 16.6%), significant differences were achieved at the 4 and 12 hour post-CPB periods (p < .05 or p < .01, respectively). It was concluded that the injury of vascular endothelial function caused by CPB was more critical in pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Honstettre, S., G. Julien, E. Allado, I. Chary Valckenaere y D. Loeuille. "POS0502 ULTRASOUND THRESHOLDS FOR INFLAMMATORY AND STRUCTURAL LESIONS TODISTINGUISH OSTEOARTHRITIC FROM RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 de mayo de 2022): 505.2–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.293.
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BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting small and medium-sized joints symmetrically, leading to poor functional outcomes and structural damages with time. The RA elementary inflammatory lesions, synovitis and tenosynovitis, have been associated with the development and worsening of bone erosions leading to loss of joint function and pain. The median age at diagnosis of RA patients, ranged between 50-60 years old, age at which degenerative and inflammation lesions relative to osteoarthritis (OA) damages may be present and interfere to establish a diagnosis of inflamed and/or structural RA disease.ObjectivesTo assess prevalence, topography and severity of inflammation and erosion on ultrasound (US) in RA and OA patients and to propose US thresholds to classify RA patients.MethodsPatients fulfilling ACR 1987 and/or ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for RA or ACR criteria for hand OA were reprospectively included. Synovitis and tenosynovitis (TS) in B and Power Doppler (PD) modes on seven bilateral joints (carpus, MCP2, 3, 5, MTP2, 3, 5) were scored according to a four-grade scale of severity. Erosive disease was defined by the presence of at least one erosion >2 mm confirmed in 2 perpendicular plans on 30 targeted facet joints. Sensitivity, specificity and OR for the diagnosis of RA were calculated for each elementary (inflammatory and erosive) US lesion.Results153 patients were included: 107 (31 early <2 years) RA and 46 OA patients. Synovitis (B and PD modes) was observed in 92 (85.9%) RA and 12 (26%) OA patients, respectively (p <0.0001). TS (B and PD modes) was depicted in 61(57%) RA and 4 (8.7%) OA patients, respectively (p <0.0001). 71 (66%) RA and 5 (11%) OA patients responded to the definition of erosive disease (p<0.001). The combination of US erosion and PD+ synovitis provided the best compromise to classify RA patients: sensitivity 49.1% (39.7-58.4)), specificity 97.8% (87.4-99.5) and OR= 43.8 (CI95: 8.2-230.2). For early RA, PD+ TS provided the best compromise: sensitivity 54.8% (37.8-58.4), specificity 97.8% (87.4 -100) and OR= 54.6 (CI95: 9.3- 320.5).ConclusionThe combination of PD+ synovitis and erosion in RA and PD+ tenosynovitis alone in early RA offered the best compromise to classify RA versus OA patients.References[1]Scott DL et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. The Lancet.[2]Funck-Brentano et al. Prediction of Radiographic Damage in Early Arthritis by Sonographic Erosions and Power Doppler Signal: A Longitudinal Observational Study. Arthritis Care & Research.[3]Vlychou et al. Ultrasonographic evidence of inflammation is frequent in hands of patients with erosive osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.[4]Roux et al. Ultrasonographic criteria for the diagnosis of erosive rheumatoid arthritis using osteoarthritic patients as controls compared to validated radiographic criteria. Joint Bone Spine.[5]Sahbudin et al. The role of ultrasound-defined tenosynovitis and synovitis in the prediction of rheumatoid arthritis development.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Yaish, Hassan M., Maria Sol Cruz, Kay Decker, Eva M. K. Zetterberg, Sylvia Werner, Mariko Hashimoto, Sigurd Knaub y George M. Rodgers. "Final Results from a Non-Interventional Safety and Efficacy Study of a VWF/FVIII Concentrate (wilate®) in Patients with Von Willebrand Disease". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-118069.
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Abstract Introduction: Post-marketing studies provide important insight into the consistency of data from clinical studies and routine clinical use. This non-interventional, prospective, multicentre study (WIL-20) collected real-life data on the use of a human VWF/FVIII concentrate with the native VWF/FVIII complex in a physiological 1:1 ratio (wilate®; pdVWF/FVIII) in routine clinical practice. Here, we report the final results from this study. Methods: The primary objective was to document the safety and tolerability of pdVWF/FVIII in routine clinical practice, with a planned observation period per patient of 2 years. Secondary objectives were to document the efficacy in on-demand treatment of acute bleeding, long-term prophylaxis, and surgical prophylaxis. Male and female patients of any age and with any type of VWD who were prescribed pdVWF/FVIII were eligible for the study. pdVWF/FVIII was administered at the investigator's discretion. Data recorded included patient demographics, laboratory parameters, treatment details, and occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including immunogenicity and thrombogenicity. Tolerability was assessed using a verbal rating scale; efficacy of on-demand treatment and surgical prophylaxis using a haemostatic scale; and prophylactic efficacy based on the frequency of spontaneous breakthrough bleeds. Results: The study enrolled 120 patients from 11 countries. Within the safety population (111 patients who received at least one dose of pdVWF/FVIII), 45% of patients had type 1 VWD, 29% type 2 and 18% type 3; disease type was unavailable for 8 patients, and 1 patient was diagnosed with haemophilia A during the study. Of the 111 patients, 33% were previously untreated with a FVIII/VWF product. A total of 7024 infusions were administered to the safety population over a median observation time of 2 years; median dose was 320.5 IU/kg. A total of 26 ADRs were reported in 8 patients; 4 were mild, 3 moderate and 1 severe. Three patients discontinued treatment and 1 stopped treatment temporarily due to adverse events. Using an experimental assay, 3 cases of VWF inhibitors were identified, with no impact on clinical outcome. No thromboembolic events were reported. Tolerability was rated for 6497 infusions, with 96.2% rated 'excellent', 3.7% 'satisfactory', and 0.1% 'unsatisfactory'. Of the 29 patients treated on-demand, 150 bleeding events (BEs), excluding menstrual bleeds, were reported in 25 patients; 18% of BEs were mild, 71.3% were moderate, and 10% were severe. 94% of treated bleeds (130/138) resolved with 1 or 2 infusions, with a median dose per BE of 33 IU/kg. The efficacy of treatment was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' for 100% of BEs. Of the 25 patients treated with pdVWF/FVIII for prophylaxis, 18 patients had a total of 233 breakthrough BEs; 37% mild, 44% moderate, and 9% severe (severity information was unavailable for 11% of bleeds). Of the breakthrough BEs that required treatment, 85% (149/175) were treated with 1 or 2 infusions of pdVWF/FVIII, with a median dose per BE of 55.4 IU/kg. Efficacy of pdVWF/FVIII was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' by investigators for 99% of 139 evaluable breakthrough BEs. For patients on prophylaxis (n = 25), the median annualised bleeding rate for spontaneous BEs was 1.5 (range 0.0-19.7). The efficacy of prophylaxis for prevention of spontaneous breakthrough bleeds was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' in 96% (24/25) of these patients. A total of 99 surgical procedures were performed in 62 patients; 56% with type 1 VWD, 29% type 2 and 13% type 3 (2% were type unknown). Of the procedures, 46 were major and 53 minor. All but one of the surgeries were managed with pdVWF/FVIII prophylaxis, and the efficacy was rated as 'excellent' or 'good' in 99% (96/97) of surgeries with assessments available. Conclusions: The final results of this non-interventional study indicate that pdVWF/FVIII is well tolerated and effective for on-demand treatment, prophylaxis, and surgical prophylaxis in patients with all types of VWD treated as part of routine clinical practice. The data are consistent with those from previous clinical studies and provide real-life evidence from around the world on the use of pdVWF/FVIIIfor management of VWD in all clinical settings. Disclosures Werner: Octapharma USA Inc.: Employment. Hashimoto:Octapharma USA Inc.: Employment. Knaub:Octapharma AG: Employment. Rodgers:Octapharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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Zidek, Walter, Agapios Sachinidis, Claus Spieker y Walter Storkebaum. "Effect of plasma from hypertensive subjects on Ca2+ transport in permeabilized human neutrophils". Clinical Science 74, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1988): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740053.
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1. The effects of plasma fractions from essential hypertensive subjects (n = 14) and normotensive subjects (n = 14) on Ca2+ transport in permeabilized human neutrophils was studied using an ion-selective electrode. 2. Plasma fractions were obtained by gel filtration and contained substances with a molecular mass in the range 1000–1500 daltons. This fraction isolated from essential hypertensive subjects has been shown to increase blood pressure after intravenous injection in the rat. 3. The rate of Ca2+ uptake by permeabilized neutrophils after addition of extracellular Ca2+ was significantly accelerated during incubation of the cells with the hypertensive fraction (1049.3 ±807.7% vs 242.5 ±320.9% of the control value, mean ± sd, P < 0.05). 4. It is concluded that the hypertensive plasma fraction increases Ca2+ accumulation in subcellular particles, so that under excitatory conditions Ca2+ release in arterial smooth muscle might be enhanced.
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Knudsen, Nikolas y Thomas Andersen. "The Effect of First-Step Techniques from the Staggered Stance in American Football". Sports Medicine International Open 01, n.º 02 (febrero de 2017): E69—E73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-103010.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate 3 different starting techniques from the staggered stance with regards to sprint time, reaction time, linear impulse and power. 11 male amateur American football players volunteered to participate in a testing session consisting of twelve 5 m sprints, 4 in each technique (normal (NORM), backwards false step (BFS) and forwards false step (FFS)) in random order. Sprint starts were performed on force plates to investigate ground reaction forces, reaction time and total sprint time. Analysis showed significant differences in sprint times, with NORM (1.77±0.10 s) being faster than FFS (1.81±0.12 s) and BFS (2.01±0.13 s), and FFS being faster than BFS, although no differences were found in reaction time. In terms of mean force and power, NORM (331.1±39.2N, 542.2±72.3W) and FFS (320.8±43.2N, 550.9±81.4W) were significantly larger than BFS (256.9±36.2N, 443.5±61.1W). This indicates that when starting from a staggered stance, the BFS is inferior to the others and should be avoided. However, since the force profiles of the NORM and the FFS were similar, the differences in sprint time could arise from a technique bias towards the NORM start.
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FLEISCHMANN, ROY M., ANNE-MARIE HALLAND, MAREK BRZOSKO, RUBEN BURGOS-VARGAS, CHRISTOPHER MELA, EMMA VERNON y JOEL M. KREMER. "Tocilizumab Inhibits Structural Joint Damage and Improves Physical Function in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inadequate Responses to Methotrexate: LITHE Study 2-year Results". Journal of Rheumatology 40, n.º 2 (15 de enero de 2013): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120447.
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Objective.To assess radiographic progression, physical function, clinical disease activity, and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) and who were treated with tocilizumab-MTX or MTX during Year 2 of a 2-year study.Methods.During Year 1, patients were randomized to placebo-MTX, 4 mg/kg tocilizumab-MTX, or 8 mg/kg tocilizumab-MTX. During Year 2, patients continued the initial double-blind treatment or switched to open-label 8 mg/kg tocilizumab-MTX. Co-primary endpoints at Week 104 were mean change from baseline in Genant-modified Total Sharp Score (GmTSS) and adjusted mean area under the curve (AUC) for change from baseline in the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Signs and symptoms of RA and safety were also evaluated.Results.At Week 104, mean change from baseline in GmTSS was significantly lower for patients initially randomized to tocilizumab-MTX 4 mg/kg (0.58; p = 0.0025) or 8 mg/kg (0.37; p < 0.0001) than for patients initially randomized to placebo-MTX (1.96). Adjusted mean AUC of change from baseline in HAQ-DI was also significantly lower in patients initially randomized to tocilizumab-MTX 4 mg/kg (–287.5; p < 0.0001) or 8 mg/kg (–320.8; p < 0.0001) than in patients initially randomized to placebo-MTX (–139.4). Signs and symptoms of RA were maintained or showed improvement. No new safety signals were noted.Conclusion.Compared with placebo-MTX, tocilizumab-MTX significantly inhibited structural joint damage and improved physical function in patients with RA who previously had inadequate response to MTX. An extension of this study is continuing and will provide additional longterm efficacy and safety data. National Clinical Trials registry NCT00106535.
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Wang, Fuli, Tianlai Huang y Zhuoping Shao. "Application of TTSP to wood-development of a vertical shift factor". Holzforschung 71, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2017): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2016-0081.
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Abstract The applicability of the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) to wood has been investigated aiming at the prediction of long-term mechanical properties of wood by both horizontally and vertically shifting of short-term stress relaxation data obtained by experiments. The expression of TTSP considering the vertical shift factor (bT) for wood is proposed the first time. The results showed that: (1) TTSP applied to poplar and the master curve that was obtained from 1 h of tests at 283.2, 303.2, 320.2, 343.2, and 363.2 K in a relative humidity (RH) of 60% could predict the stress relaxation behavior for approximately 42 years at 283.2 K and 60% RH. (2) There was a linear correlation between lgaT and T-1, lg aT=6590.40 T-1-23.64 (R2=0.994), which followed the Arrhenius equation well, while the apparent activation energy was 34.6 kcal mole-1. (3) The bT had a linear relationship with temperature, and the relation was lgbT=0.0013T-0.37 (R2=0.999). (4) The long-term relaxation curve of the long-term verification test had high goodness of fit with the master curve. The results can be interpreted that the TTSP expression considering the bT proposed in this paper is rational.
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Baillif, Stéphanie, Pascal Staccini, Michel Weber, Marie-Noëlle Delyfer, Yannick Le Mer, Vincent Gualino, Laurence Collot et al. "Management of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Switched from Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant to Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant". Pharmaceutics 14, n.º 11 (5 de noviembre de 2022): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112391.
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To assess anatomical and functional outcomes after switching from dexamethasone implant (DEXi) to fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAci) in 113 diabetic macular edema eyes, a multicentric retrospective observational study was conducted. Seventy-five eyes (73.5%) were switched 1–8 weeks after their last DEXi. The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved to 59.8 letters at month 4 and remained stable during the follow-up. The mean central macular thickness (CMT) significantly decreased during the follow-up, with a minimum of 320.9 μm at month 3. The baseline CMT was higher in eyes that received the last DEXi >8 weeks versus <8 weeks before the first FAci (p < 0.021). After FAci injection, additional treatments were needed in 37 (32.7%) eyes. A longer diabetes duration (p = 0.009), a longer time between the last DEXi and the first FAci (p = 0.035), and a high baseline CMT (p = 0.003) were risk factors for additional treatments. The mean intraocular pressure was <19 mmHg at all timepoints, with no difference between eyes receiving the last DEXi ≤8 weeks or >8 weeks before the switch. Switching from DEXi to FAci in DME is effective and safe. A short time between the last DEXi and the first FAci reduced CMT fluctuations and the need for early additional treatments.
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Wei, Hui, Changhe Lu y Yaqun Liu. "Farmland Changes and Their Ecological Impact in the Huangshui River Basin". Land 10, n.º 10 (14 de octubre de 2021): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101082.
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The Huangshui River Basin (HRB) is the main grain production and key implementation region of the “Grain for Green Program” (GGP) of Qinghai Province, and has experienced a quick urbanization during the last 20 years. Therefore, identifying the farmland change and its ecological effects is significant for farmland and ecological protection in the HRB. To this end, this study analyzed the farmland change between 2000 and 2018, based on 1 m spatial resolution farmland data visually interpreted from Google Earth high-resolution images, and then estimated its ecological impact based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of MODIS, using an ecological impact index of farmland change. The study found that: (1) The farmland area in the HRB decreased from 320.15 k ha in 2000 to 245.01 k ha in 2018, reduced by 23.47% or 1.48% per year, as mainly caused by ecological restoration and built-up land occupation; (2) from 2000 to 2018, the natural environment showed a greening trend in the HRB, with the mean NDVI increasing by 0.74% per year; (3) the farmland changes had a positive ecological effect, contributing 6.67% to the regional increase in the NDVI, but had a negative impact on grain production; (4) it is suggested to strengthen farmland protection by strictly controlling the urban land occupation and over-conversion of farmland in the HRB.
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Wu, Huang-Pin, Chien-Ming Chu, Pi-Hua Liu, Shaw-Woei Leu, Shih-Wei Lin, Han-Chung Hu, Kuo-Chin Kao, Li-Fu Li y Chung-Chieh Yu. "Increased Production of Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after Inhibition of S100A12". Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2022): 1701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44040117.
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Sepsis may induce immunosuppression and result in death. S100A12 can bind to the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 following induction of various inflammatory responses. It is unclear whether S100A12 significantly influences the immune system, which may be associated with sepsis-related mortality. We measured plasma S100A12 levels and cytokine responses (mean ± standard error mean) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after S100A12 inhibition in healthy controls and patients with sepsis on days one and seven. Day one plasma soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and S100A12 levels in patients with sepsis were significantly higher than those in controls (2481.3 ± 295.0 vs. 1273.0 ± 108.2 pg/mL, p < 0.001; 530.3 ± 18.2 vs. 310.1 ± 28.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). Day seven plasma S100A12 levels in non-survivors were significantly higher than those in survivors (593.1 ± 12.7 vs. 499.3 ± 23.8 pg/mL, p = 0.002, respectively). In survivors, plasma sRAGE levels were significantly decreased after 6 days (2297.3 ± 320.3 vs. 1530.1 ± 219.1 pg/mL, p = 0.009, respectively), but not in non-survivors. Inhibiting S100A12 increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 in stimulated PBMCs for both controls and patients. Therefore, S100A12 plays an important role in sepsis pathogenesis. S100A12 may competitively bind to TLR4 and RAGE, resulting in decreased IL-10 and TNF-α production.
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Jahan, Sarwat, Sher Afghan Khan, Abdus Salam, Inayat Ur Rehman, Omer Farooq y Arsalan Afridi. "Comparative Analysis of the Hepatoprotective Potential of Coenzyme Q10 as a Preventive and a Therapeutic Agent in Statin-Induced Hepatotoxicity". Molecular Medicine Communications 2, n.º 01 (30 de junio de 2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/mmc.002.001.0025.
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Statins induce hepatotoxicity via reduced levels of Coenzyme Q10, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 is anti-apoptotic and possesses an antioxidative potential and hence has been studied for its hepatoprotective potential. However, owing to the differing mechanisms of prevention of damage and its reversal, we hypothesize that coenzyme Q10 will have varying efficacy as a protective versus a therapeutic approach. An experimental study of 3 weeks was conducted in the department of Pharmacology on a sample of 35 mice, randomly divided into 7 groups. Group 1 was used as a control. Group 2 received simvastatin 50mg/kg/day of simvastatin intraperitoneally (I/P). Group 3 received I/P 50mg/kg/day rosuvastatin. Group 4 received 50mg/kg/day of simvastatin+10mg/kg of coenzyme Q10. Group 5 received 50mg/kg/day of rosuvastatin+10mg/kg of coenzyme Q10 I/P. In group 6 simvastatin 50mg/kg & 7 rosuvastatin 50mg/kg was given for a week, and 10mg/kg of Coenzyme Q10 was started in the 2nd week and continued for 2 weeks. Hepatic damage was observed in groups 2,3,6 and 7 indicated by raised ALT levels of 320.4, 179.8, 301.4, and 186.8 and raised AST levels of 320, 196, 421.4, and 307.6. Bilirubin stayed within normal limits. Coenzyme Q10 prevents statin-induced liver damage but has no role as a therapeutic agent once the liver damage has already occurred.
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Omari, Abdelouadoud, Abdelhafid Chafi, Ouafae Mokhtari, Linda Zraibi, Ikram Azzakhnini, Boumediene Ben Cheikh, Kaoutar Mchiouer y Ouahid El Asri. "Development of a food waste prevention strategy: a case study in a hotel in Eastern Morocco". E3S Web of Conferences 364 (2023): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336402009.
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The present work concerns the development of a food waste prevention strategy in a restaurant operating within a hotel in the city of Saidia in Eastern Morocco. The food service sector was chosen for this study because it is the second highest contributing sector to food waste on the global scale. Therefore, the role it plays in environmental pollution should not be neglected. The food waste prevention strategy adopted in this work consisted in performing a food waste audit at first. Then, the purchasing, storage, and handling conditions of food were improved. Finally, waste sorting was performed. The average daily food waste generated by the case study restaurant was 320.3 kg/day. The highest amount of average daily food waste (166.7 kg/day) was generated during food preparation, while storage waste had the lowest amount (30.1 kg/day). The most wasted food commodities were vegetables (50.8 kg/day), fruits (47.1 kg/day), sauces (39.9 kg/day), and cereals (38.4 kg/day). While the least wasted food commodities were eggs (10.2 kg/day) and dairy products (11.7 kg/day). The majority of the food waste generated in this study was avoidable, and fish and seafood were the food commodities with the lowest Eco-efficiency (high cost – high waste). The food waste percentage decreased from 35% to 20% within approximately 4 months following the execution of the food waste prevention strategy.
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Styazhkina, Yulia A., Irina F. Grishina, Tatyana F. Peretolchina, Nina B. Poletaeva y Olga V. Nikolaenko. "Relationship of galectin-3 and brain natriouretic peptide levels with the type of left ventricle remodeling in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary arto bypass graft". Clinical review for general practice 4, n.º 8 (28 de agosto de 2023): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47407/kr2023.4.8.00333.
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Relevance. Today, the search for biomarkers capable of predicting the duration of rehabilitation after CABG in patients with CAD is relevant. Aim. To assess the features of the left cardiac chamber remodeling with regard to the levels of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 in patients with CAD after CABG. Methods. The study involved 100 males with CAD, who underwent CABG. Group 1 included 58 patients, who started working within 4 months after intervention. Group 2 included 42 patients, whose rehabilitation period exceeded 4 months. Echocardiography was performed in all patients, the levels of galectin-3, NT-proBNP were determined 1 and 4 months after CABG. Results. Assessment of the LV remodeling variants 1 month after CABG showed that hypertrophic variants of remodeling prevailed in group 2, while in group 1 these were reported less than in half of the cases. The increase in the rate of unfavorable LV remodeling variants by month 4 was observed in group 2. Initial comparison showed that the galectin-3 and NT-proBNP levels in group 2 were significantly higher than that in group 1 (17.95 (17.2÷19.3) vs. 11.35 (8.2÷14.7) ng/mL, p<0.01 and 372 (320.3÷445) vs. 287.5 (232.5÷391.3) pg/mL, p<0.01, respectively). These indicators showed no upward trend by month 4 in group 1, while in group 2 a significant increase in the levels of galectin-3 and NT-proBNP was reported. Positive correlations of varying strength between the galectin-l levels and the LV remodeling types, NT-proBNP levels and the LV remodeling types were revealed in both groups. Discussion. The association of high marker (galectin-3 and NT-proBNP) levels with unfavorable LV remodeling types in the group with prolonged recovery was demonstrated during the study. The studied markers are proxy indicators for the processes underlying maladaptive morphofunctional remodeling of myocardium resulting in myocardial dysfunction, which can be the cause of prolonged recovery after the CABG surgery. Conclusions. The correlations revealed can have clinical significance for early detection of LV remodeling in patients with CAD associated with prolonged recovery after CABG.
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Vanek, T., J. Snircova, J. Spegar, Z. Straka, J. Horak y M. Maly. "Increase in plasma free haemoglobin during cardiopulmonary bypass in heart valve surgery: assessment of renal dysfunction by RIFLE classification". Perfusion 24, n.º 3 (mayo de 2009): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109350400.
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Heart valve surgery carries a high risk of renal insufficiency as an independent risk factor due to prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. Multiple causes of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated renal damage have been described, and haemoglobin-induced renal injury is presently being investigated. Forty-three patients scheduled for heart valve surgery (mostly combined) were enrolled in the prospective study. Plasma free haemoglobin (PFH) levels were evaluated by photocolorimetric measurement at the start of procedures ( t0) and before the end of extracorporeal circulation ( t1). A statistically significant increase in PFH levels during cardiopulmonary bypass was detected [median values (interquartile range) - t0: 62.0 (53.4) mg/L, t1: 320.4 (352.2) mg/L], P < 0.001. A significant regression relationship between the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and the increased PFH was found (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.628, P < 0.001). In some elderly patients, the tendency towards a high release of PFH during cardiopulmonary bypass was more pronounced, but the overall association between age and PFH levels was of borderline significance (P = 0.077). The correlation between PFH and post-operative serum creatinine was low and non-significant, but the latter correlated highly with the pre-operative serum creatinine values (Spearman’s correlation coefficient reached values of 0.6-0.7, P < 0.001). Patients were classified according to the Risk of renal failure, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function and End-stage renal failure (RIFLE) classification for acute renal dysfunction during post-operative days 1 — 4; the influence of PFH levels at t1 on the consequent RIFLE classification was not proven (P=0.648), but 4 patients in the Injury category had shown a higher median value of PFH (433.6 mg/L) in comparison with the others (29 patients with no acute renal dysfunction - 313.7 mg/L, 10 patients at Risk - 330.1 mg/L).
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Siddiqui, Bazla, Asim ur Rehman y Naveed Ahmed. "Development and In Vitro Characterization of Diacerein Loaded Chitosan–Chondroitin Sulfate Nanoemulgel for Osteoarthritis". Materials Proceedings 4, n.º 1 (11 de noviembre de 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn2020-07859.
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The proficient functions of diacerein and anti-inflammatory polymers have been utilized to develop sustained release transdermal diacerein nanoemulgel for long-term osteoarthritis treatment by overcoming the deleterious outcomes of drugs associated with the oral route. Natural anti-inflammatory and biodegradable polymers like Chitosan (CHS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were used to formulate diacerein nanoparticles (DCR-NPs) through the ionic gelation method. Design Expert software was used for preparation of optimized preparation by investigating the impact of polymers and surfactant concentrations on particle size, PDI and entrapment efficiency employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). DCR-NPs formulated using CHS, CS and Tween 80 in optimized concentrations depicted spherical nanoparticles with particle size of 320.0 ± 3 nm having PDI, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of 0.3 ± 0.07, 40 ± 0.3 mV and 82 ± 4.16%, respectively. DCR-NPs were further analyzed for confirmation of electrostatic interactions between polymers and drug through Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In vitro studies show 95% release of DCR in 72 h exhibiting the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. For transdermal delivery, the nanoemulgel of optimized DCR-NPs was formulated utilizing argan oil as a permeation enhancer with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties, providing a synergistic effect to the formulation. Nanoemulgel was characterized in terms of visual appearance, spreadability, drug content and rheological behavior providing sustained release of drug up to 4 days following Higuchi model with improved ex vivo permeation, confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. Concisely, DCR-nanoemulgel sustained the release of drug with good penetration and enhanced therapeutic properties owing to the presence of CHS, CS and argan oil possessing anti-inflammatory attributes.
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Němčanský, Jan, Alexandr Stěpanov, Miroslav Veith, Michal Koubek, Adam Kopecký, Sabina Němčanská, David Beran y Jan Studnička. "Effect of baseline central retinal thickness on the results of treatment of diabetic macular edema with aflibercept: Real-Life Evidence in the Czech Republic". Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology 78, n.º 2 (21 de marzo de 2022): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31348/2022/9.
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Aim: Presentation of the 1-year results of aflibercept treatment in patients suffering from diabetic macular edema (DME) and comparison of the response to treatment of patients with different baseline central retinal thickness (CRT). Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective observational study of a series of cases. Patients with DME were treated in a fixed regimen (5 injections at 1-monthly intervals and then injections at 2-monthly intervals). The period of follow-up was 12 months. The development of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CRT was evaluated. Measurements were performed prior to the commencement of treatment and then after 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months. Results: The therapeutically naive group consisted of 82 eyes of 79 patients. The total cohort of patients was divided into 3 groups according to the baseline values of CRT. The first group was composed of 28 eyes with baseline CRT < 450 μm (34.1%), the second included 25 eyes with CRT in the range of 450–550 μm (30.5%), and the third group consisted of 29 eyes with baseline CRT > 550 μm (35.4%). The average baseline BCVA and SD in the first group was 66 ±7.1 letters ETDRS optotypes, and then 70 ±7 letters, 69.6 ±7.3 letters, and 71.3 ±7 letters at the follow-ups after 4, 8, and 12 months. The average baseline value of CRT and SD in the first group was 379 ±48.6 μm, and then 337.1 ±76.5 μm, 320.2 ±74.1 μm, and 315.1 ±62.2 μm after 4, 8, and 12 months. The average baseline BCVA and SD in the second group was 64.1 ±9.7 ETDRS letters, and then 66.9 ±10 letters, 70 ±9.9 letters, and 70.5 ±11.5 letters after 4, 8, and 12 months. The average baseline value of CRT and SD in the second group was 497.4 ±76.4 μm, and then 376.5 ±106.1 μm, 360.8 ±70 μm, and 351.3 ±91.3 μm after 4, 8, and 12 months. In the third group, the average baseline value of BCVA and SD was 59.7 ±10.4 ETDRS letters, and then 65 ±10.6 letters, 64.8 ±9.6 letters, and 67 ±10 letters after 4, 8, and 12 months. The average baseline value of CRT and SD in the third group was 639.4 ±79.6 μm, and then 396.7 ±147.1 μm, 416.9 ±139.8 μm, and 368.5 ±109.9 μm after 4, 8, and 12 months. All these changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aflibercept treatment in a fixed regimen in patients suffering from DME results in a statistically significant improvement in BCVA and a decrease in CRT in the first year of treatment. Patients with a higher baseline CRT showed the best anatomical and functional results of the 1-year treatment with aflibercept.
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OKORO, I. G., U. J. NWOKEH y C. U. ORODEJI. "EFFECT OF COMPOSTED POULTRY MANURE AND BIOCHAR ON BIOACCUMULATION OF LEAD/ZINC IN OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS. L.) IN AMAGU MINING SOILS". FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 8, n.º 1 (15 de septiembre de 2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2022.0801.073.
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Remediation of contaminated soils with organic amendments to attenuate the side effect of Heavy metals has been scarcely investigated on okra pods. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of composted poultry manure and biochar on heavy metals (lead and Zinc) bioaccumulation in Okra plant and the effect of artisanal mineral mining activities on the environment using ecological risk indices in Amagu, Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Soil samples for this study were collected at farmlands beside mining areas. The treatment consisted of four sources of biochar (control, empty oil palm bunch, maize cob, wood shavings) and two rates of poultry manure (0, 10 t/ha), replicated three times. The study was a 4 × 2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Biochar from three feed stocks were pyrolysed at 320.0 0C, while poultry manure from battery cage system were composted for 90 days before application. Ecological risk assessment using indices were applied on data collected. After harvest, lead and zinc still exceeded the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) permissible limit of 100 mg/kg in Agricultural soils. Composted poultry manure (CPM) showed significant (P≤0.05) reduction by 14 % in the amount of Pb in the soil after harvesting of okra. Significant increases were recorded in the level of lead and zinc in the fruit by 50 and 28 % respectively. The ERF values for lead were rated as posing a very high ecological risk within the environment; while zinc was rated as having a low ecological risk. Also the geo accumulation index (Igeo) of the study showed that the soils are extremely contaminated. In conclusion, the application of EMCB and EOPBB in combination with CPM demonstrated the capacity to reduce bioaccumulation of lead and zinc in okra plant
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Murillo-Gómez, F., RB Wanderley y MF De Goes. "Impact of Silane-containing Universal Adhesive on the Biaxial Flexural Strength of a Resin Cement/Glass-ceramic System". Operative Dentistry 44, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2019): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-356-l.
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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to determine whether using a silane-containing universal adhesive as a silane primer in glass-ceramic/resin cement systems affects biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and bonded interface integrity after loading. Glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar/Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) disc-shaped specimens (6.5±0.1mm in diameter, 0.5±0.1mm thick) were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 20 seconds and divided into four groups of 30 specimens, to be treated as follows: 1) One bottle silane primer (RCP); 2) Separate application of silane and adhesive (RCP+SB); 3) Silane-containing universal adhesive (SBU); 4) No treatment (C). After silanization, all specimens were resin cement– coated and polymerized for 40 seconds. Each specimen layer was measured, as well as each assembly's thickness, using a digital caliper and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specimens were stored for 24 hours and submitted to a BFS test (1.27 mm/min). BFS values were calculated using the bilayer disc-specimen solution. Bonded interfaces were analyzed on fractured fragments using SEM. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05) were applied, as well as the Weibull analysis. Factor “silane treatment” was statistically significant (p<0.0001). RCP+SB (372.2±29.4 MPa) and RCP (364.2±29.5 MPa) produced significantly higher BFS than did the C (320.7±36.3 MPa) or SBU (338.0±27.1 MPa) groups. No differences were found in the Weibull modulus (m: RCP: 10.1-17.3; RCP+SB: 10.1-17.0; SBU: 12.3-22.4; C: 7.4-12.9). Bonded interface analysis exhibited ceramic-cement separation (SBU, C) and voids within the resin cement layer (all groups). Neither the ceramic/cement system's BFS nor its bonded interface stability were improved by SBU after loading.
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Abbasi, S. y A. Honaramooz. "305 OPTIMIZING DONOR AND RECIPIENT FACTORS IN XENOGRAFTING OF TESTIS TISSUE". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, n.º 1 (2010): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab305.
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Grafting of donor mammalian testis tissue into recipient mice allows completion of spermatogenesis in the grafted tissue and therefore can serve as a new option for preservation of male germ line. For testis tissue xenografting, castrated male nude mice typically serve as recipients, each receiving 8 testis tissue fragments; however, no study has comprehensively investigated donor and recipient factors. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of strain of immunodeficient recipient mouse (nude v. SCID), gonadal status (intact v. gonadectomized), and gender (male v. female) on the outcome of testis tissue xenografting. A secondary objective was to determine the optimal number of testis tissue fragments per mouse most suitable for xenografting. Testis parenchyma from newborn piglets were cut into small fragments (5 mg each) and grafted under the back skin of different groups of immunodeficient mice. In Experiment 1, 8 groups of mice (n = 7/group) served as recipients: castrated male nude, intact male nude, ovariectomized female nude, intact female nude, castrated male SCID, intact male SCID, ovariectomized female SCID, and intact female SCID. In Experiment 2, 4 groups of mice (n = 10/group) served as recipients of 2, 4, 8, or 16 testis tissue fragments per mouse. Recipient mice were sacrificed 8 months after grafting and the weight of the grafts and vesicular glands (male mice) were compared among groups by analysis of variance. In Experiment 1, mouse gonadal status (intact v. gonadectomized) did not affect the total graft weight (P > 0.05), but both the recipient mouse strain (nude v. SCID) and gender (male v. female) affected the total graft weight (2460 ± 320.9, 1420 ± 290.0, 758 ± 156.7, and 2780 ± 297.4, mean ± SEM, P < 0.0001 for SCID, nude, female, and male mice, respectively). In Experiment 2, the total graft weight was highest in the group of mice receiving 8 testis tissue fragments (192 ± 76.1, 695 ± 96.5, 2443 ± 338.8, and 1458 ± 305.4, mean ± SEM, P < 0.0001 for 2, 4, 8, or 16 fragment groups, respectively). These results collectively indicate that male SCID mice receiving 8 testis tissue fragments provide optimized conditions for the recovery of largest grafts. Research was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF) to A. Honaramooz and scholarships from the Western College of Veterinary Medicine and the International Peace Scholarship to S. Abbasi.
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Temizturk, Zeki, Davut Azboy, Atakan Atalay, Hakan Atalay y Omer Faruk Dogan. "The Effects of Levosimendan and Sodium Nitroprusside Combination on Left Ventricular Functions After Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients". Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal 10, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2016): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874192401610010138.
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Objective:The aim of our study was to research the effects of levosimendan (LS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) combination on systolic and diastolic ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) who required endoventricular patch repair (EVPR).Patients and Methods:We studied 70 patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. LS and SNP combination was administered in 35 patients (study group, SG). In the remaining patients, normal saline solution was given (placebo group, PG). Levosimendan (10µgr/kg) started 4 h prior to operation and we stopped LS before the initiation of extracorporeal circulation (ECC). During the rewarming period, we started again levosimendan (10µgr/kg) in combination with SNP (0.1-0.2 µgr/kg/min). If mean blood pressure decreased by more than 25% compared with pre-infusion values, for corrected of mean arterial pressure, the volume loading was performed using a 500 ml ringer lactate. Hemodynamic variables, inotrophyc requirement, and laboratory values were recorded.Results:Five patients died (7.14%) post-surgery (one from SG and 4 from PG) due to low cardiac out-put syndrome (LOS). At the postoperative period, cardiac output and stroke volume index was higher in SG (mean±sd;29.1±6.3vs. 18.4±4.9 mL/min−1/m−2(P<0.0001)). Stroke volume index (SVI) decreased from 29±10mL/m2preoperatively to 22±14mL/m2in the early postoperative period in group 1. This difference was statistically significant(P=0.002). Cardiac index was higher in SG (320.7±37.5vs. 283.0±83.9 mL/min−1/m−2(P=0.009)). The postoperative inotrophyc requirement was less in SG (5.6±2.7vs. 10.4±2.0 mg/kg,P< 0.008), and postoperative cardiac enzyme levels were less in SG (P< 0.01). Ten patients (28.5%) in SG and 21 patients (60%) in PG required inotrophyc support(P<0.001). We used IABP in eight patients (22.8%) in SG and 17 patients (48.5%) in CG(P=0.0001).Conclusion:This study showed that LS and SNP combination impressive increase in left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions including LVEF. The use of this combination achieved more less inotrophics and IABP requirement. We therefore suggest preoperative and peroperative levosimendan and SNP combination.
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Jiang, Huayong, Xiujuan Wu, Shumei Lian, Changfeng Zhang, Shuyun Liu y Zongming Jiang. "Effects of salbutamol on the kinetics of sevoflurane and the occurrence of early postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled study". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 5 (20 de mayo de 2021): e0251795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251795.
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Bronchodilators dilate the bronchi and increase lung volumes, thereby improving respiratory physiology in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their effects on sevoflurane kinetics remain unknown. We aimed to determine whether inhaled salbutamol affected the wash-in and wash-out kinetics of sevoflurane and the occurrence of early postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients with COPD undergoing elective surgery. This randomized, placebo-controlled study included 63 consecutive patients with COPD allocated to the salbutamol (n = 30) and control groups (n = 33). The salbutamol group received salbutamol aerosol (2 puffs of ~200 μg) 30 min before anesthesia induction and 30 min before surgery completion. The control group received a placebo. Sevoflurane kinetics were determined by collecting end-tidal samples from the first breaths at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 15 min before the surgery (wash-in) and after closing the vaporizer (wash-out). PPCs were recorded for 7 days. The salbutamol group had higher end-tidal to inhaled sevoflurane ratios (p<0.05, p<0.01) than the control group, from 3 to 10 min during the wash-in period, but no significant differences were observed during the wash-out period. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inhaled oxygen was significantly higher in the salbutamol group at 30 (320.3±17.6 vs. 291.5±29.6 mmHg; p = 0.033) and 60 min (327.8±32.3 vs. 309.2±30.5 mmHg; p = 0.003). The dead space to tidal volume ratios at 30 (20.5±6.4% vs. 26.3±6.0%, p = 0.042) and 60 min (19.6±5.1% vs. 24.8±5.5%, p = 0.007) and the incidence of bronchospasm (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.67, p = 0.023) and respiratory infiltration (OR 0.52, 95% CI, 0.40–0.65, p = 0.017) were lower in the salbutamol group. In patients with COPD, salbutamol accelerates the wash-in rate of sevoflurane and decreases the occurrence of postoperative bronchospasm and pulmonary infiltration within the first 7 days.
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Glazkova, O. L., N. M. Podzolkova, S. V. Shmeleva y N. V. Baymeeva. "Oxidative stress parameters and pro-inflammatory status of patients with menstrual disorders against obesity treatment". Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 20, n.º 4 (2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2021-4-149-154.
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Objective. To study the effect of cyclical vitamin therapy on the parameters of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status of patients with menstrual disorders against the background of obesity treatment. Patients and methods. The study included 49 women aged 20 to 35 years (29.4 (26.5; 33.2) years) with obesity and various menstrual disorders. Twenty-six (53.06%) patients had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To treat obesity, 26 patients followed a diet and received Orlistat 120 mg three times a day. Twenty-three women received similar treatment and additionally took micronutrient supplements. In both groups, treatment was continued for 4 months. Results. Body mass index decreased by 1.9 (0.3; 2.3) kg/m2 in the group of women who received Orlistat, and by 1.6 (0.5; 2.7) kg/m2 in the group of women who received Orlistat and vitamins. Menstrual cycle normalized in more than a third of patients in each group. Baseline levels of oxidative stress and C-reactive protein concentrations were abnormal in all patients, especially in PCOS. Decrease of tocopherol (12.8 (6.6; 14.7) μg/mL; 7.1 (3.4; 9.1) μg/mL, p = 0.04) and beta-carotene (680.1 (320.3; 810.3) μg/mL; 420.3 (150.4; 510.1) μg/mL, p = 0.01) concentrations in the blood of patients who did not receive vitamins during treatment was expected, as was their increase in those who took vitamins (tocopherol 10.1 (4.5; 15.1) μg/mL; 13.2 (7.1; 15.9) μg/mL, p = 0.045; beta-carotene 610.4 (450.3; 710.5) μg/mL; 630.4 (570.3; 790.5) μg/mL, p > 0.05). In the blood of those patients who received vitamins, the concentration of the antioxidant ubiquinone (0.6 (0.3; 1.4) μg/mL; 1.1 (0.5; 1.7) μg/mL, p = 0.002) increased, and the positive dynamics of oxidative stress parameters were more considerable and statistically more significant. Conclusion. Supplementation of micronutrient complex in the treatment of obesity helps to improve the parameters of antioxidant protection and pro-inflammatory status. Key words: obesity, menstrual disorders, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory status, cyclical vitamin therapy
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Howard, C., C. Rose, W. Dodd, P. Scott, A. Cunsulo-Willox y J. Orbinski. "P062: SOS: Summer of Smoke--a mixed-methods, community-based study investigating the health effects of a prolonged, severe wildfire season on a subarctic population". CJEM 19, S1 (mayo de 2017): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.264.
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Introduction: Between June 15 and Aug 31st 2014, Canada’s Northwest Territories (pop 44,000: Stats Can), a subarctic region which is over 2°C warmer than it was in the 1950’s, experienced an unprecedented number of forest fires, with 385 fires and approximately 3.4 million hectares of forest affected. This resulted in one of Canada’s most severe and prolonged urban smoke exposures for the capital city of Yellowknife and surrounding Aboriginal communities. Our objective was to obtain a big-picture sense of the health impact of the Summer of Smoke on the population of these communities through a mixture of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Methods: We analyzed PM2.5 levels, salbutamol dispensations, clinic and hospital cardiorespiratory variables, and in-depth video interviews with community members from Yellowknife, N’Dilo, Dettah and Kakisa. Results: 49% of days June15-Aug31 in 2014 had a PM2.5 over 30 mcg/m3, as compared to 3% in 2012 and 9% in 2013 and 2015. Max daily PM 2.5 in 2014 was 320.4 mcg/m3. There was a 22% increase in outpatient salbutamol dispensations in 2014 compared to the average of 2012, 2013 and 2015. More cough, pneumonia and asthma were seen in clinics compared to 2012-2015 (P<0.001). There was a 42% increase in respiratory ER visits in 2014 compared to 2012-13, but no change in cardiac variables. The respiratory effect was most pronounced in children 0-4 (114% increase in ER visits). Qualitative analysis demonstrates themes of fear, isolation, lack of physical activity, alteration of traditional summertime activities for both aboriginal and non-aboriginal subjects, elements of resilience and expectation for future smoky summers in the context of a changing climate. Conclusion: Prolonged wildfire seasons have a profound effect on overall wellbeing. Responses to help minimize mental and physical impacts such as the creation of clean-air community shelters, recreation programming, initiatives to support community cohesion, and “go outside when it is not smoky” messaging require further study.
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Sun, Yan, Geng-Qing Song, Jieyun Yin, Yong Lei y Jiande D. Z. Chen. "Effects and mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on slow waves: a systematic canine study". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2009): R1392—R1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00006.2009.
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The aims of this study were to determine optimal pacing parameters of electrical stimulation on different gut segments and to investigate effects and possible mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on gut slow waves. Twelve female hound-mix dogs were used in this study. A total of six pairs of electrodes were implanted on the stomach, duodenum, and ascending colon. Bilateral truncal vagotomy was performed in six of the dogs. One experiment was designed to study the effects of the pacing frequency on the entrainment of gut slow waves. Another experiment was designed to study the modulatory effects of the vagal and sympathetic pathways on gastrointestinal pacing. The frequency of slow waves was 4.88 ± 0.23 cpm (range, 4–6 cpm) in the stomach and 19.68 ± 0.31 cpm (range, 18–22 cpm) in the duodenum. There were no consistent or dominant frequencies of the slow waves in the colon. The optimal parameters to entrain slow waves were: frequency of 1.1 intrinsic frequency (IF; 10% higher than IF) and pulse width of 150–450 ms (mean, 320.0 ± 85.4 ms) for the stomach, and 1.1 IF and 10–20 ms for the small intestine. Electrical stimulation was not able to alter colon slow waves. The maximum entrainable frequency was 1.27 IF in the stomach and 1.21 IF in the duodenum. Gastrointestinal pacing was not blocked by vagotomy nor the application of an α- or β-adrenergic receptor antagonist; whereas the induction of gastric dysrhythmia with electrical stimulation was completely blocked by the application of the α- or β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Gastrointestinal pacing is achievable in the stomach and small intestine but not the colon, and the maximal entrainable frequency of the gastric and small intestinal slow waves is about 20% higher than the IF. The entrainment of slow waves with gastrointestinal pacing is not modulated by the vagal or sympathetic pathways, suggesting a purely peripheral or muscle effect.
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Yılmaz Çakmak, Nuray, Emine Büşra Yalçıntaş y Kadriye Kahveci. "EVALUATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND RESULTS OF PATIENTS FOLLOWED IN THE PALLIATIVE CARE CENTER". Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25, n.º 2 (7 de marzo de 2024): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1397603.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the nutritional status and results of the patients followed in the palliative care center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 250 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in the palliative care center were included in this study. The patients were grouped according to their nutritional status during hospitalization and discharge. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients subjected to this study is 73±19.22 years. Out of these patients, 125 are female. The average daily calorie requirement of the patients was calculated as 1463.71±21.55 kcal/day, while the maximum tolerated calorie intake was determined to be 1030.54 ±320.54 kcal/day in our patient (P =0.039). No significant change was detected between the calculated calories and the calories consumed by diabetic individuals (P = 0.083). When the nutritional patterns were examined, it was determined that 51.60 % of the patients were orally fed at the time of admission to the palliative care center, the rate of patients fed with a Percutan gastrostomy (PEG)/Percutan jejunostomy (PEJ)/nasogastric tube was 32.05%, and 13.21% of the patients fed total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 67.06% of the patients were discharged with oral feeding, 30.53% with PEG/PEJ/nasogastric tube and 4 (2.39%) with long-term TPN feeding methods. When the patients were divided into percentages according to their calorie consumption, we found that the hospitalization day was significantly shorter in the group consuming 0-25 percentile calories (P = 0.021) but had a significantly higher rate of mortality (%71.42) (P=0.018). In the group with 50-75 percentile calorie intake, mortality was observed significantly at the lowest rate during hospitalization, with 14 (13.59%) patients. (P=0.003). Infections (28.57%) were significantly higher in the 0-25 group (P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: At palliative care centers, besides end-of-life management, all needs of patients should be identified. Instead of making strict calorie calculations, it is necessary to develop new nutritional goals compatible with all patients.
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Singh, Akanksha y Ram Pal Singh. "Study of Interrelationship among Economically Important Production Traits and Season of Calving on Milk Production in Jersindh Crosses". Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, n.º 44 (25 de noviembre de 2023): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i444279.
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Study was conducted on productive traits in Jersindh crosses. The data were collected from the records of history sheets maintained in Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, SHUATS for the period from 1924 to 1973. The productive traits selected from history sheets were first, second and third lactation milk yield and lactation length and dry period. The mean of 1/4J X3/4RS crosses for 1st ,2nd and 3rd LMY (Kg) were 2259.95, 1963.59 and 1832.74 and for lactation length (days) 378.71, 357.78 and 352 and for Dry period (days) 65.94, 98.23 and 98.26, respectively. The mean of 1/2J X 1/2RS crosses for 1st ,2nd and 3rd LMY (Kg) were 1892.14, 1680.14 and 1789.25 and for lactation length (days) 366.06, 338.75 and 359.43 for Dry period (days) 76.81,61 and 59.93 respectively. The mean of 3/8J X 5/8RS crosses for 1st ,2nd and 3rd LMY (Kg) were 1754, 1843.39 and 3682.36 and for lactation length (days) 320.1, 357.15 and 3 and for Dry period (days) 71.2, 70.7 and 72.35 respectively. The mean of 1/8J X 7/8RS crosses for 1st ,2nd and 3rd LMY (Kg) were 1966.35, 1906.51 and 1837.68 and for lactation length (days) 425.6, 371.75 and 446.4, and for Dry period (days) 71.35, 58.75 and 111.2 respectively. Significant effects of season of calving were observed on 3rd LMY of 1/2J X 1/2RS crosses as well as 3/8J X 5/8RS and 2nd LMY of1/4J X 3/4RS crosses , Second and third lactation length of 1/8 X 7/8 crosses has significant influence on lactation milk yield. Second and third lactation length of 1/4 X 3/4 crosses has significant correlation with lactation milk yield and also the regression of milk yield on lactation length was recorded. Third lactation length of 3/8 X 5/8 crosses has significant correlation with lactation milk yield and also the regression of milk yield on lactation length was recorded. Second lactation length of 1/8 X 7/8 crosses has significant correlation with lactation milk yield and also the regression of milk yield on lactation length was recorded. Out of these crosses (1/4Jx3/4RS,1/2JX1/2RS,3/8 JX5/8RS,1/8JX7/8RS) 3/8JX5/8RS has highest lactation length 652.76 and lactation milk yield is 3682.36.
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Hoppensteadt, Debra, Josephine Cunanan, Nasiredin Sadeghi, Inder Kaul y Jawed Fareed. "Dysregulation of Inflammatory and Hemostatic Markers In Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation." Blood 116, n.º 21 (19 de noviembre de 2010): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3656.3656.
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Abstract Abstract 3656 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represents a complex polypathologic syndrome where marked alterations in the hemostatic system are manifested. As a result several inflammatory mediators are upregulated through multiple mechanisms. The upregulation of inflammatory mediators such as anaphylatoxin C5a (C5a), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and c reactive protein (CRP), and circulating levels of hemostatic markers including protein C inhibitor (PCI), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), prothrombin fragment1.2 (F1.2), thrombin antithrombin complex (TAT), antithrombin (AT), activated protein C (APC) and protein C (Pr C) were evaluated in the baseline samples of an initial cohort of provisionally diagnosed DIC and sepsis patients enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of r-thrombomodulin (ART-123) (n=100). The control group consisted of normal male and female volunteers (n=30). Commercially available ELISA methods were used to measure the various mediators. Marked deviations in the circulating levels of these markers, as compared to controls, were noted as shown in the following table. Compared with normal volunteers, patients showed a 5–10 fold increase in the circulating level of most inflammatory markers, with the exception of PCT, IL-6 and CRP, where the increase was over 50 fold. PCI, Pr C and AT exhibited slight decreases. Wide individual variations were obvious. These results clearly indicate that inflammation, thrombin generation, impairment of fibrinolysis and impairment of endogenous anticoagulants play a key role in the pathogenesis of DIC. Marker Normal Human Volunteers (n=30) DIC with Sepsis Patients (n=100) Fold Change PCT (ng/ml) 0.1 ± 0.04 (0.01) 18.7 ± 31.2 (3.1) 187× Increase C5a (ng/ml) 6.7 ± 1.7 (0.5) 15.5.7 ± 14.9 (1.5) 2× Increase PCI (% NHP) 138.9 ± 71.1 (8.8) 106.9 ± 33.4 (7.1) 1.3× Decrease IL-6 (pg/ml) 2.5 ± 1.2 (0.3) 522.5 ± 881.5 (88.2) 210× Increase IL-10 (pg/ml) 9.8 ± 5.23 (1.7) 46.9 ± 73.3 (8.8) 5× Increase MPO (ng/ml) 15.1 ± 10.1 (2.7) 111.4 ± 74.9 (7.5) 7× Increase PAI-1 (ng/ml) 31.7 ± 8.9 (3.1) 130.2 ± 178.1 (22.1) 4× Increase F1.2 (pM) 108.6 ± 46.2 (12.3) 473.7 ± 320.2 (32.0) 4× Increase TAT (ng/ml) 4.4 ± 1.1 (0.3) 17.0 ± 30.8 (3.1) 5× Increase AT (% NHP) 94.2 ± 10.3 (2.7) 80.4 ± 30.7 (3.1) 1.2× Decrease APC (ratio) 2.23 ± 0.3 (0.1) 2.48 ± 0.4 (0.04) 1.1× Increase CRP (ug/ml) 0.5 ± 1.1 (0.3) 38.4 ± 3.9 (0.4) 76× Increase Pr. C (% NHP) 78.3 ± 13.3 (3.6) 41.3 ± 17.4 (1.7) 2× Decrease Disclosures: Kaul: Artisan Pharma: Employment.
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Stolbovoy, V. S. "Climate warming impact on the carbon balance in forest soils in Russia". Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, n.º 111 (25 de septiembre de 2022): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2022-111-5-29.
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The carbon balance in forest soils (CBFS) was studied on the basis of the geostatistical process model “BIGIN” (Biosphere Greenhousegas Inventory). Warming in boreal forests in the baseline period (1990 ± 5 yr.) initiates a shift in the CBFS towards its decrease, i. e. CO2 source. In the horizon “O”, the decrease in the CBFS is minus 101.4 MtC. The warming of the climate by 1.5 °C and 3 °C will cause a further decrease in the CBFS by 345.7 MtC and 691.4 MtC, respectively. In moderately warm forests, climate warming initiates the formation of a positive CBFS, i. e. CO2 sink. In the horizon “O” of the soils of moderately warm forests, climate warming in the baseline period and in the future leads to the development of positive CBFS, i. e. CO2 sink of 62.4 MtC, 212.8 MtC and 425.4 MtC, respectively. Positive changes in the CBFS in boreal and moderately warm forests in the studied range of climatic temperatures were noted in the horizon “A1” (7.3 MtC, 24.9 MtC and 49.8 MtC) and the horizon “Bh” (14.1 MtC, 48.0 MtC, 96.2 MtC). Climate warming initiates a total negative CBFS (minus 17.6 MtC). Further warming of the climate by 1.5 °C and 3.0 °C will lead to a decrease in the CBFS by minus 60.0 MtC and minus 120.0 MtC. In terms of CO2-equivalent, this will amount to 4%, 13% and 27% of the total country annual emission in 2020. Negative CBFS is not an indicator of emission strengthening. The final conclusion about CO2 source/sink can be made only when analyzing the forest ecosystem when conducting a coupled soil-stand analysis. The error in the estimation of the CBFS in the soil organic profile in the baseline period is ± 23.0 MtC at a confidence level of P = 0.67 and ± 47 MtC at a confidence level of P = 0.95. With an increase in temperature by 1.5 °C, the error will be ± 80.0 MtC and ± 160.0 MtC at confidence levels of P = 0.67 and P = 0.95 respectively. The magnitude of the error will be ± 160.0 MtC and ± 320.0 MtC at confidence levels P = 0.67 and P = 0.95 respectively with an increase in temperature by 3.0 °C.
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Brändle, Marian, Kaushik P. Patel, Wei Wang y Irving H. Zucker. "Hemodynamic and norepinephrine responses to pacing-induced heart failure in conscious sinoaortic-denervated dogs". Journal of Applied Physiology 81, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1996): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1855.
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Brändle, Marian, Kaushik P. Patel, Wei Wang, and Irving H. Zucker. Hemodynamic and norepinephrine responses to pacing-induced heart failure in conscious sinoaortic-denervated dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1855–1862, 1996.—The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of chronic sinoaortic (baroreceptor) denervation (SAD) on the hemodynamic and sympathetic alterations that occur in the pacing-induced model of congestive heart failure. Two groups of dogs were examined: intact ( n = 9) and SAD ( n = 9). Both groups of dogs were studied in the control (prepace) state and each week after the initiation of ventricular pacing at 250 beats/min. After the pacemaker was turned off, hemodynamic and plasma norepinephrine levels returned toward control levels in the prepaced state and after 1 and 2 wk of pacing. However, by 3 wk all hemodynamic and norepinephrine levels remained relatively constant over the 10-min observation period with the pacemaker off. With the pacemaker off, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure went from 2.7 ± 1.4 (SE) mmHg during the prepace state to 23.2 ± 2.9 mmHg in the heart failure state in intact dogs ( P < 0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased to 27.1 ± 2.2 mmHg from a control level of 4.2 ± 1.9 mmHg in SAD dogs ( P < 0.0003). Mean arterial pressure significantly decreased in intact and SAD dogs. Resting heart rate was significantly higher in SAD dogs and increased to 135.8 ± 8.9 beats/min in intact dogs and 136.1 ± 6.5 beats/min in SAD dogs. There were no significant differences in the hemodynamic parameters between intact and SAD dogs after pacing. Plasma norepinephrine was significantly lower in intact than in SAD dogs before pacing (197.7 ± 21.6 vs. 320.6 ± 26.6 pg/ml; P < 0.005). In the heart failure state, plasma norepinephrine increased significantly in both intact (598.3 ± 44.2 pg/ml) and SAD (644.0 ± 64.6 pg/ml) groups. There were no differences in the severity or the magnitude of the developed heart failure state in SAD vs. intact dogs. We conclude from these data that the arterial baroreflex is not the sole mechanism for the increase in sympathetic drive in heart failure.
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CARAMICO-FAVERO, Deise Cristina Oliva, Zelita Caldeira Ferreira GUEDES y Mauro Batista de MORAIS. "FOOD INTAKE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY". Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 55, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2018): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201800000-78.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy may be associated with comorbidities such as undernutrition, impaired growth and gastrointestinal symptoms. Children with cerebral palsy exhibit eating problems due to the effect on the anatomical and functional structures involved in the eating function resulting in malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between food intake, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 40 children with cerebral palsy (35 with spastic tetraparetic form and 5 with non-spastic choreoathetoid form of cerebral palsy, all requiring wheelchairs or bedridden) aged from 4 to 10 years. The dietary assessment with the parents was performed using the usual household food intake inquiry. Anthropometric data were collected. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with deglutition disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic constipation were also recorded. RESULTS: The median of height-for-age Z-score (-4.05) was lower (P<0.05) than the median of weight-for-age (-3.29) and weight-for-height (-0.94). There was no statistical difference between weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores. Three patients with cerebral palsy (7.5%) exhibited mild anemia, with normal ferritin levels in two. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation were found in 82.5% (n=33), 40.0% (n=16), and 60.0% (n=24) of the sample, respectively. The patients with symptoms of dysphagia exhibited lower daily energy (1280.2±454.8 Kcal vs 1890.3±847.1 Kcal, P=0.009), carbohydrate (median: 170.9 g vs 234.5 g, P=0.023) and fluid intake (483.1±294.9 mL vs 992.9±292.2 mL, P=0.001). The patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal reflux exhibited greater daily fluid intake (720.0±362.9 mL) than the patients without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (483.7±320.0 mL, P=0.042) and a greater height-for-age deficit (Z-score: -4.9±1.7 vs 3.7±1.5, P=0.033). The patients with symptoms of constipation exhibited lower daily dietary fiber (9.2±4.3 g vs 12.3±4.3 g, P=0.031) and fluid (456.5±283.1 mL vs 741.1±379.2 mL, P=0.013) intake. CONCLUSION: Children with cerebral palsy exhibited wide variability in food intake which may partially account for their severe impaired growth and malnutrition. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation are associated with different food intake patterns. Therefore, nutritional intervention should be tailored considering the gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional status.
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Badros, Ashraf, A. Rapoport, O. Goloubeva, K. Ruehle, S. Westphal, S. Hefner y B. Meisenberg. "Phase I Trial of Bortezomib (V) in Combination with “DT-PACE”: Toxicity, Stem Cell Collection and Engraftment in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients (Pts)." Blood 106, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2005): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2747.2747.
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Abstract Several studies have established the safety and efficacy of V in various regimens before stem cell mobilization and transplant (SCT). The primary objective of our study was to determine the MTD of V (3 dose levels: 0.7, 1.0, 1.3 mg/m2 days 1, 4, and 8) in combination with DT-PACE (dexamethasone 40 mg/day and thalidomide 200–400 mg/day orally x 4 days, Cisplatinum 10 mg/m2, Adriamycin 10 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 and Etoposide 40 mg/m2 all given by IVCI for 4 days) in newly diagnosed MM. Pts received 2 cycles (C) of VDT-PACE; stem cells were collected after C 1. G-CSF 10-ug/kg/day was given from day 5 until stem cell collection (GCSF was held on day 8 of V). The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the effects of V during mobilization on engraftment. Eleven Pts enrolled, six on dose level I; 3 on dose level II and 2 on dose level III. Median age was 58 yrs (42–70), 9 were males. Four had no prior therapy and 7 had one prior cycle including DT (n=4) and DT-PACE (n=3). Median B2M was 2.9 mg/L (range: 1.9–8.5) and BM plasma cells was 45% (range: 10–80). No DLT was observed. Pts, mostly with cycle 2, had G- 3/4 hematological toxicity requiring transfusiona and neutropenic fever requiring hospitalization. G-3 toxicity included diarrhea (n= 2), (DVT= 3) despite enoxaparin, hypotension (n=3) including syncope (n=2). G-2 included bradycardia (n= 3) and peripheral neuropathy (n= 3). Stem cells were collected at a median of 13 days (range: 12–15). Pts had a median of 20.57 (range: 7.85 – 33.3) x 106 CD 34+/kg in 1 (n=4), 2 (n=6) and 3 days (n=1). Two pts collected additional cells after C 2, both received prior DT-PACE. All 11 Pts responded; CR (n=1), near CR (n=1) and PR (n=9); to date, all pts had received SCT; conditioning regimens were melphalan 200 mg/m2 (n=9) and 140 (n=2), 2 pts had tandem SCTs. Median CFU-C of the infused CD-34 cells was 320.2 (range: 57–1000) x 104/kg. Median time to ANC > 1000/mcl was 14 days (range: 13–25), plt > 20, 000/mcl was 16 days (range: 10–50) and > 50,000 was 25 days (range: 15–57). CMV antigenemia with fever and delayed engraftment was seen in one pt and autologous GVHD (skin and gut), biopsy proven, was seen in one pt. After SCT, pts achieved CR (n=3), nCR (n=4) and PR (n=4). At a median follow up of 252 days (range: 23–467), 1 pt had relapsed at 8 m with high-risk MM, hypodiploid clone. The results were compared to a control group (pts mobilized with DT-PACE; n=14). They had a median of 14.5 days to first day of phoresis (range: 11– 22) with a median 17.8 x 106 CD 34+/kg (range: 9- 35) collected in 1 (n=6), 2 (n=5) and 3 days (n=3). Median CFU-C was 540 (range: 153–1388) x 104/kg. For the control group; ANC > 1000 was reached at a median of 12 days (range: 11–20) and plt > 20000 at 18 days (range: 13–25) and > 50,000 at 19 (range: 15–38). There was no statistically significant correlation between total CD34 count and times to engraftment between both groups. There was a tendency for pts treated with V to have lower CFU-C (p=0.0565), the clinical significance is unclear. In conclusion: the VDT-PACE regimen was associated with expected and acceptable toxicities. There was a rapid response in all pts treated. Adequate numbers of stem cells were collected with prompt engraftment after SCT. VDT-PACE regimen has the advantage of short induction time prior to SCT and should be evaluated in a randomized fashion before SCT against other regimens like DT and VDT with regards to quality of life and long-term toxicities.
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Corinaldesi, Giorgio y Christian Corinaldesi. "Antiplatelet Treatment with Aggressive Lipid Lowering Therapy and Reduction of Clinical Event after Ischemic Stroke." Blood 106, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2005): 4141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4141.4141.
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Abstract The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of anticoagulation and inhibition of platelet aggregation, which is strongly related with ischemic stroke, with aspirin 100 mg/once daily and clopidogrel 75 mg/once daily together with atorvastatin 80 mg/once daily then evaluating the event free survival in patients who had stroke with LDL-C > 130 mg/dl. An hypolipidaemic diet was given to every patient. As known statins other than reducing LDL-C (silent killer), has many other effects characterized by a wider and wider checklist: reduction of plasmatic levels of C-reactive protein, of MCP-1, and the monocyte traffic, of IL-6, TNF-alfa, of S-VCAM-1, of COX-2 and MMP-9, and upregulate the TPA, and downregulate the PAI-1, statins also reduce the expression of CD40 on the endothelial surface, thus augmenting the EPC (endothelial progenitor cells) involved in neo-vascularization of ischemic tissue, with a final protective effects over the vascular endothelium, including the plaque stabilization. We have studied 67 patients with a previous ischemic stroke aged between 58 and 72 years (25% smoker, 32% with hypertension, 14% with diabetes, 6% with obesity), with LDL-C higher than 130 mg/dl, evaluating in particular the lipidic profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG, Lpa), fibrinogen and d-dimer for a total period of 36 months. We observed a clear reduction of lipidic parameters: Total-C <42%, LDL-C <46%, TG <30%, ApoB <35%, d-dimer <10%, and we did not observe any increase in transaminases, CPK, or fibrinogen. We observed 12 patients with relapsing clinical events requiring emergency hospitalization: 1 exitus for second stroke two months after the first event, 11 cases of RIND, with less than 4 transitory ischemic episodes, with the total length of events significantly reduced after the first 18 weeks of treatment. We have observed 22 adverse effects events: 4 cases of epistaxis, 2 case of tooth bleeding, 3 of abdominal pain, 9 of muscular pain, 2 of chest pain, 2 case of headache, however, these events did not influence the course of the pharmacological treatment; 55 patients did not refer any clinical problem, every patient has been followed on the basis of a three months period, and on demand. The present study has demonstrated a secure efficacy of the aggressive combined treatment (antiplatelet + statin) in the management of patients with a previous stroke, showing a symptomatologic benefit (reduction of the total ischemic events and of the emergencies) with an overall improvement of the quality of life. PARAMETER BEFORE AFTER TOTAL-C 320.0 mg/dl 180.0 mg/dl LDL-C 148.0 mg/dl 82.4 mg/dl HDL-C 38.6 mg/dl 44.2 mg/dl TG 180.0 mg/dl 108.2 mg/dl FIBRINOGEN 460.0 mg/dl 370.0 mg/dl FASTING GLUCOSE 110.0 mg/dl 96.0 mg/dl
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De Bock, V., H. De Backer, R. Van Malderen, A. Mangold y A. Delcloo. "Relations between erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation, total ozone column and aerosol optical depth at Uccle, Belgium". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, n.º 22 (20 de noviembre de 2014): 12251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12251-2014.
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Abstract. At Uccle, Belgium, a long time series (1991–2013) of simultaneous measurements of erythemal ultraviolet (UV) dose (Sery), global solar radiation (Sg), total ozone column (Q_{O3}$) and aerosol optical depth (τaer) (at 320.1 nm) is available, which allows for an extensive study of the changes in the variables over time. Linear trends were determined for the different monthly anomalies time series. Sery, Sg and QO3 all increase by respectively 7, 4 and 3% per decade. τaer shows an insignificant negative trend of −8% per decade. These trends agree with results found in the literature for sites with comparable latitudes. A change-point analysis, which determines whether there is a significant change in the mean of the time series, is applied to the monthly anomalies time series of the variables. Only for Sery and QO3, was a significant change point present in the time series around February 1998 and March 1998, respectively. The change point in QO3 corresponds with results found in the literature, where the change in ozone levels around 1997 is attributed to the recovery of ozone. A multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is applied to the data in order to study the influence of Sg, QO3 and τaer on Sery. Together these parameters are able to explain 94% of the variation in Sery. Most of the variation (56%) in Sery is explained by Sg. The regression model performs well, with a slight tendency to underestimate the measured Sery values and with a mean absolute bias error (MABE) of 18%. However, in winter, negative Sery are modeled. Applying the MLR to the individual seasons solves this issue. The seasonal models have an adjusted R2 value higher than 0.8 and the correlation between modeled and measured Sery values is higher than 0.9 for each season. The summer model gives the best performance, with an absolute mean error of only 6%. However, the seasonal regression models do not always represent reality, where an increase in Sery is accompanied with an increase in QO3 and a decrease in τaer. In all seasonal models, Sg is the factor that contributes the most to the variation in Sery, so there is no doubt about the necessity to include this factor in the regression models. The individual contribution of τaer to Sery is very low, and for this reason it seems unnecessary to include τaer in the MLR analysis. Including QO3, however, is justified to increase the adjusted R2 and to decrease the MABE of the model.
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van Oosterhout, J. J., F. K. Dzinjalamala, A. Dimba, D. Waterhouse, G. Davies, E. E. Zijlstra, M. E. Molyneux, E. M. Molyneux y S. Ward. "Pharmacokinetics of Antituberculosis Drugs in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Malawi". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, n.º 10 (27 de julio de 2015): 6175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01193-15.
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ABSTRACTLimited data address the impact of HIV coinfection on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antituberculosis drugs in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 47 Malawian adults underwent rich pharmacokinetic sampling at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h postdose. Of the subjects, 51% were male, their mean age was 34 years, and 65% were HIV-positive with a mean CD4 count of 268 cells/μl. Antituberculosis drugs were administered as fixed-dose combinations (150 mg rifampin, 75 mg isoniazid, 400 mg pyrazinamide, and 275 mg ethambutol) according to recommended weight bands. Plasma drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (rifampin and pyrazinamide) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (isoniazid and ethambutol). Data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods and analysis of variance of log-transformed summary parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows (median [interquartile range]): for rifampin, maximum concentration of drug in plasma (Cmax) of 4.129 μg/ml (2.474 to 5.596 μg/ml), area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0–∞) of 21.32 μg/ml · h (13.57 to 28.60 μg/ml · h), and half-life of 2.45 h (1.86 to 3.08 h); for isoniazid,Cmaxof 3.97 μg/ml (2.979 to 4.544 μg/ml), AUC0–24of 22.5 (14.75 to 34.59 μg/ml · h), and half-life of 3.93 h (3.18 to 4.73 h); for pyrazinamide,Cmaxof 34.21 μg/ml (30.00 to 41.60 μg/ml), AUC0–24of 386.6 μg/ml · h (320.0 to 463.7 μg/ml · h), and half-life of 6.821 h (5.71 to 8.042 h); and for ethambutol,Cmaxof 2.278 μg/ml (1.694 to 3.098 μg/ml), AUC0–24of 20.41 μg/ml · h (16.18 to 26.27 μg/ml · h), and half-life of 7.507 (6.517 to 8.696 h). The isoniazid PK data analysis suggested that around two-thirds of the participants were slow acetylators. Dose, weight, and weight-adjusted dose were not significant predictors of PK exposure, probably due to weight-banded dosing. In this first pharmacokinetic study of antituberculosis drugs in Malawian adults, measures of pharmacokinetic exposure were comparable with those of other studies for all first-line drugs except for rifampin, for which theCmaxand AUC0–24values were notably lower. Contrary to some earlier observations, HIV status did not significantly affect the AUC of any of the drugs. Increasing the dose of rifampin might be beneficial in African adults, irrespective of HIV status. Current co-trimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with an increase in the half-life of isoniazid of 41% (P= 0.022). Possible competitive interactions between isoniazid and sulfamethoxazole mediated by theN-acetyltransferase pathway should therefore be explored further.
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Conroy, Christine, Paul Sethi, Craig Macken, David Wei, Marc Kowalsky, Raffy Mirzayan, Leo Pauzenberger, Felix Dyrna, Elifho Obopilwe y Augustus D. Mazzocca. "Augmentation of Distal Biceps Repair With an Acellular Dermal Graft Restores Native Biomechanical Properties in a Tendon-Deficient Model". American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, n.º 9 (19 de abril de 2017): 2028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517701426.
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Background: The majority of distal biceps tendon injuries can be repaired in a single procedure. In contrast, complete chronic tears with severe tendon substance deficiency and retraction often require tendon graft augmentation. In cases with extensive partial tears of the distal biceps, a human dermal allograft may be used as an alternative to restore tendon thickness and biomechanical integrity. Hypothesis: Dermal graft augmentation will improve load to failure compared with nonaugmented repair in a tendon-deficient model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-six matched specimens were organized into 1 of 4 groups: native tendon, native tendon with dermal graft augmentation, tendon with an attritional defect, and tendon with an attritional defect repaired with a graft. To mimic a chronic attritional biceps lesion, a defect was created by a complete tear, leaving 30% of the tendon’s width intact. The repair technique in all groups consisted of cortical button and interference screw fixation. All specimens underwent cyclical loading for 3000 cycles and were then tested to failure; gap formation and peak load at failure were documented. Results: The mean (±SD) load to failure (320.9 ± 49.1 N vs 348.8 ± 77.6 N, respectively; P = .38) and gap formation (displacement) (1.8 ± 1.4 mm vs 1.6 ± 1.1 mm, respectively; P = .38) did not differ between the native tendon groups with and without graft augmentation. In the tendon-deficient model, the mean load to failure was significantly improved with graft augmentation compared with no graft augmentation (282.1 ± 83.8 N vs 199.7 ± 45.5 N, respectively; P = .04), while the mean gap formation was significantly reduced (1.2 ± 1.0 mm vs 2.7 ± 1.4 mm, respectively; P = .04). The mean load to failure of the deficient tendon with graft augmentation (282.1 N) compared with the native tendon (348.8 N) was not significantly different ( P = .12). This indicates that the native tendon did not perform differently from the grafted deficient tendon. Conclusion: In a tendon-deficient, complete distal biceps rupture model, acellular dermal allograft augmentation restored the native tendon’s biomechanical properties at time zero. The grafted tissue-deficient model demonstrated no significant differences in the load to failure and gap formation compared with the native tendon. As expected, dermal augmentation of attritional tendon repair increased the load to failure and stiffness as well as decreased displacement compared with the ungrafted tissue-deficient model. Tendons with their native width showed no statistical difference or negative biomechanical consequences of dermal augmentation. Clinical Relevance: Dermal augmentation of the distal biceps is a biomechanically feasible option for patients with an attritionally thinned-out tendon.
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De Bock, V., H. De Backer, R. Van Malderen, A. Mangold y A. Delcloo. "Relations between erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation, total ozone column and aerosol optical depth at Uccle, Belgium". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, n.º 11 (24 de junio de 2014): 16529–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-16529-2014.
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Abstract. At Uccle, a long time series (1991–2013) of simultaneous measurements of erythemal ultraviolet (UV) dose, global solar radiation, total ozone column (TOC) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) (at 320.1 nm) is available which allows for an extensive study of the changes in the variables over time. A change-point analysis, which determines whether there is a significant change in the mean of the time series, is applied to the monthly anomalies time series of the variables. Only for erythemal UV dose and TOC, a significant change point (without any known instrumental cause) was present in the time series around February 1998 and March 1998 respectively. The change point in TOC corresponds with results found in literature, where the change in ozone levels (around 1997) is attributed to the recovery of ozone. Linear trends were determined for the different (monthly anomalies) time series. Erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation and TOC all increase with respectively 7, 4 and 3% per decade. AOD shows an (insignificant) negative trend of −8% per decade. These trends agree with results found in literature for sites with comparable latitudes. A multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is applied to the data in order to study the influence of global solar radiation, TOC and AOD on the erythemal UV dose. Together these parameters are able to explain 94% of the variation in erythemal UV dose. Most of the variation (56%) in erythemal UV dose is explained by global solar radiation. The regression model performs well with a slight tendency to underestimate the measured erythemal UV doses and with a Mean Absolute Bias Error (MABE) of 18%. However, in winter, negative erythemal UV dose values are modeled. Applying the MLR to the individual seasons solves this issue. The seasonal models have an adjusted R2 value higher than 0.8 and the correlation between modeled and measured erythemal UV dose values is higher than 0.9 for each season. The summer model gives the best performance, with an absolute mean error of only 6%. Again, global solar radiation is the factor that contributes the most to the variation in erythemal UV dose, so there is no doubt about the necessity to include this factor in the regression models. A large part of the influence of AOD is already represented by the global solar radiation parameter. Therefore the individual contribution of AOD to erythemal UV dose is so low. For this reason, it seems unnecessary to include AOD in the MLR analysis. Including TOC however, is justified as the adjusted R2 increases and the MABE of the model decreases compared to a model where only global solar radiation is used as explanatory variable.
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Bettiol, A., F. Fagni, I. Mattioli, G. Bagni, G. Vitiello, A. Grassi, C. Della Bella et al. "AB0164 SERUM LEVELS OF INTERLEUKIN-36 Α TO DISTINGUISH BEHÇET’S SYNDROME AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de mayo de 2023): 1262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1545.
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BackgroundBehçet’s syndrome (BS) is a rare systemic vasculitis hallmarked by oral, genital and ocular involvement, often accompanied by articular, cutaneous, vascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal manifestations [1, 2]. Articular involvement is present in up to 80% of BS patients [3], and, from a clinical point of view, it may resemble seronegative arthritis, particularly psoriatic arthritis (PsA), with which an overlap has also been described [4-6]. To this date, no specific instrumental or laboratory biomarker is available to help the differential diagnosis between BS and PsA, which currently relies only on clinical assessment and might be particularly challenging. On these bases, there is a growing interest on the identification of new laboratory biomarkers which might assist in the diagnostic process. Among them, interleukin (IL)-36 belongs to the IL-1 family and is involved in skin and joint-related inflammatory conditions [7, 8]. Increased serum levels of IL-36, especially IL-36α, have been described in PsA at synovial level [9], while no study investigated its levels in BS.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the ability of serum IL-36α to differentiate BS from PsA patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed on a cohort of 90 adult patients with BS followed at two referral centres for BS (Behçet Center of the Careggi University Hospital of Florence, and University Hospital of Siena, Italy), 80 patients with PsA from the University Hospital Erlangen (Germany), and 80 healthy controls (HCs). Serum IL-36α concentrations were measured in blood samples using human IL-36α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (MyBioSource, San Diego, Ca), and compared in the three groups.ResultsSerum IL-36α concentrations were significantly higher among BS patients [median level of 201.7 (112.7 – 320.2) pg/mL] as compared to HC [16.9 (13.7-22.2); p<0.001]. Conversely, BS patients displayed significantly lower IL-36α levels as compared to the PsA group (544 (296-759); p<0.001) (Figure 1). When we investigated the ability of IL-36α to discriminate BS patients from PsA patients, an empirical optimal cut-off of 420.6 pg/ml displayed a specificity of 0.93, with a sensitivity of 0.70 (AUC 0.82) in discriminating PsA from BS.This cut-off displayed a good diagnostic performance also in BS patients with mucosal and ocular manifestations, i.e., the two BS involvement associated with the highest IL-36α levels, as well as in those lacking major organ involvement, who represent a challenging group from a diagnostic point of view.ConclusionSerum IL-36α is remarkably increased in patients with PsA as well as in BS, although to a lesser extent. Serum IL-36α could be a candidate biomarker for the differential diagnosis between these two conditions.References[1] Bettiol A, Front Immunol. 2019.[2] Bettiol A, Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020[3] Tursen U, Int J Dermatol. 2003[4] International Team for the Revision of the International Criteria for Behcet’s Disease, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28(3):338-47.[5] Di Scala G, J Autoimmun. 2019[6] Fagni F, Ann Rheum Dis. 2020[7] Magne D, Arthritis Res Ther. 2006.[8] Boutet MA, Clin Exp Immunol. 2016.[9] Boutet MA, Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020.Figure 1.IL-36α levels in patients with Behçet’s syndrome (BS), with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and in healthy controls (HC).Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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McGovern, Samantha L., Jeff A. Brady, Kimberly A. Guay, Cheyenne L. Runyan, Thomas W. Schwertner, Lane A. Smith, Ryon W. Springer y Kimberly B. Wellmann. "28 Effect of Dietary Hempseed Meal on Growth Performance and Dry Matter Intake in Yearling Rough-Stock Bulls". Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_1 (1 de mayo de 2023): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad068.033.
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Abstract The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is gathering information about the safety and efficacy of hemp and its derivatives as potential animal feedstuffs. Yearling rough-stock bulls (n = 38) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of hempseed meal (HSM) as a concentrate ingredient on growth, dry matter intake (DMI), and efficiency. Bulls were blocked by body weight (BW), grouped into 10 pens (n = 3 or 4 bulls/pen), and randomly assigned to hempseed meal (HSM) or a control supplement treatment (CON; 72.5% cottonseed meal, 14.5% soy hulls, and 13% fat). Ingredients for CON were used because they were common commercial commodities and were formulated to match the macronutrients of HSM. Treatments were top-dressed at 10% of the diet, while 90% was fed as a mixed ration [50% bermudagrass hay, 40% textured commercial feed (10% CP)]. Feed delivery, treatment delivery, and orts were recorded daily. Diet samples were dried and used to calculate dry matter intake (DMI). Blood for urea-N (SUN; VetScan Chemistry Analyzer) and BW were obtained on days 0, 21, 42, and 63. Efficiency was evaluated for each period using DMI and average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05, and tendencies were discussed at 0.05 > P > 0.10. No treatment×time interaction occurred for BW (P = 0.999), ADG (P = 0.563), interim DMI (P = 0.672), feed efficiency (P = 0.254), or SUN (P = 0.170). Treatment did not affect BW (320.4 and 324.69 ± 121.57 kg for CON and HSM, respectively, P = 0.996), but BW increased over time (261.13 ± 74.71 and 322.5 ± 121.57 kg, initial and final BW, respectively, P = 0.001). No treatment effect on ADG occurred (0.73 and 0.84 ± 0.13 kg for CON and HSM, respectively, P = 0.680). However, ADG decreased over time (1.0 ± 0.29, 1.19 ± 0.21 and 0.79 ± 0.13 kg, d0-21, d21-42, and d42-63, respectively, P = 0.005). Daily DMI resulted in a treatment×time interaction, where HSM often consumed more DM than CON (P < 0.01). Interim DMI increased over time (7.44 ± 1.25, 7.84 ± 0.98, and 8.18 ± 0.82 kg, d0-21, d21-42, and d42-63, respectively, P = 0.0073), but when combined with ADG to determine feed efficiency, the main effects were not different (P ≥ 0.17). Over time, SUN increased (4.91, 10.52, 11.66 and 12.72 ± 0.35 mg/dL for days 0, 21, 42 and 63, respectively, P < 0.001), and HSM had greater SUN than CON (10.46 and 9.45 ± 0.30 mg/dL for HSM and CON, respectively, P = 0.0426). These data suggest that bulls fed HSM at 10% diet DM perform similarly to bulls fed the same nutrient profile of standard commercial feed ingredients, indicating comparable nutrient availability between the treatments. Conversely, increased DMI and SUN in the HSM bulls suggest a difference in nitrogen metabolism between the treatments that warrants further investigation.
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Wright, G. C., E. Mysler, Y. H. Chen, C. Kinch, A. Yndestad, K. Kwok, M. J. Cadatal, R. Germino y A. Ogdie. "POS0671 IMPACT OF RACE ON THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TOFACITINIB IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A POST HOC ANALYSIS OF PHASE 2, 3 AND 3B/4 CLINICAL TRIALS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 de mayo de 2022): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.716.
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BackgroundWhile racial disparities in clinical outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (pts) have been described,1 there is a paucity of data on racial differences in response to advanced therapies.ObjectivesTo evaluate impact of self-reported race on tofacitinib efficacy/safety in RA pts.MethodsThis post hoc analysis used pooled data from 8 Phase (P)2, 6 P3 and 1 P3b/4 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of RA pts treated with tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (BID), adalimumab (ADA; 40 mg once every 2 weeks) or placebo (PBO), stratified by self-reported pt race (White, Black, Asian, Other) at baseline (BL). Efficacy outcomes (Month [M]3): ACR20/50/70 and CDAI/DAS28-4(ESR) low disease activity (LDA; scores ≤10 and ≤3.2, respectively) rates, and least squares (LS) mean change from BL (Δ) in DAS28-4(ESR) and HAQ-DI. Incidence rates (IRs; unique pts with events/100 pt-yrs) were estimated for adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs.Results6355 pts were included (White, n=4145; Black, n=213; Asian, n=1348; Other, n=649). BL characteristics were generally similar across treatment/racial groups, excepting higher prior bDMARD exposure rates in White/Black vs Asian/Other pts. Across treatments, White, Black, Asian and Other pts most commonly enrolled from Europe (40.9%), North America (68.1%), East/South Asia (97.9%) and Latin America (80.6%), respectively; most Other pts self-reported as Hispanic and/or Latino (52.4%), followed by mixed race (36.8%) and unspecified (4.6%). At M3, ACR50 rates were higher in Other vs White pts with tofacitinib, similar across racial groups with ADA, and numerically higher in Black vs White/Asian/Other pts with PBO (Figure 1); broadly similar trends were seen with ACR20/70 and CDAI LDA rates (data not shown [DNS]). DAS28-4(ESR) LDA rates, and LS mean ΔDAS28-4(ESR) and ΔHAQ-DI were generally comparable across racial groups with active treatment, and numerically higher in Black vs White/Asian/Other pts with PBO (DNS). Across efficacy outcomes, PBO-adjusted response rates and improvements generally supported the trends observed with active treatments (Figure 1; DNS). Safety outcomes were broadly similar across treatment arms, with some higher IRs for AEs observed with Black/Other vs White/Asian pts (Table 1). Results should be interpreted with caution due to low pt numbers in some groups and the heterogenous nature of the Other pts group.Table 1.AEs and SAEs, stratified by raceWhiteBlackAsianOthernIR (95% CI)nIR (95% CI)nIR (95% CI)nIR (95% CI)Tofacitinib 5 mg BIDN=1699; PY=1588.3N=93; PY=81.8N=560; PY=548.8N=257; PY=245.9AE1150141.976244.1382150.0205227.1(133.8, 150.3)(192.4, 305.6)(135.4, 165.9)(197.1, 260.4)SAE1469.11519.16111.3176.7(7.7, 10.7)(10.7, 31.4)(8.6, 14.5)(3.9, 10.8)Tofacitinib 10 mg BIDN=1264; PY=1175.4N=60; PY=49.8N=462; PY=487.2N=238; PY=239.8AE919188.548434.3338178.4190234.3(176.5, 201.1)(320.2, 575.8)(159.9, 198.5)(202.2, 270.1)SAE1038.923.9479.7156.2(7.3, 10.8)(0.5, 14.3)(7.1, 12.9)(3.5, 10.2)ADAN=484; PY=390.4N=22; PY=18.6N=73; PY=60.1N=64; PY=49.5AE318140.416162.251157.044161.6(125.4, 156.7)(92.7, 263.4)(116.9, 206.5)(117.4, 216.9)SAE317.6210.3914.511.9(5.2, 10.8)(1.3, 37.4)(6.6, 27.5)(0.1, 10.4)PBON=698; PY=177.3N=38; PY=10.0N=253; PY=72.3N=90; PY=24.5AE369311.623424.9122251.548271.4(280.6, 345.1)(269.4, 637.6)(208.9, 300.3)(200.1, 359.8)SAE2312.519.4810.9311.5(7.9, 18.7)(0.2, 52.2)(4.7, 21.4)(2.4, 33.6)n, number of pts with events; PY, pt-yrs; SAE, serious AEConclusionAcross racial groups, tofacitinib efficacy/safety was consistent with previous tofacitinib RA clinical programme findings. Some racial differences in clinical outcomes were observed, which may reflect regional practice norms or demographic differences. Future analyses should focus on the impact of socioeconomic, cultural, genetic or practice-based differences that may underpin these results.References[1]Greenberg et al. Am J Med 2013; 126: 1089-1098.AcknowledgementsStudy sponsored by Pfizer Inc. Medical writing support was provided by Kirsten Woollcott, CMC Connect, and funded by Pfizer Inc.Disclosure of InterestsGrace C. Wright Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Myriad Autoimmune, Novartis and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Myriad Autoimmune, Novartis, Pfizer Inc and UCB, Employee of: Association of Women in Rheumatology, United Rheumatology, Eduardo Mysler Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer Inc, Roche and Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Eli Lilly, Pfizer Inc and Roche, Yi-Hsing Chen Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, GSK and Pfizer Inc, Cassandra Kinch Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Canada ULC, Arne Yndestad Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Kenneth Kwok Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Mary Jane Cadatal Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Rebecca Germino Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Alexis Ogdie Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, CorEvitas, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Novartis and Pfizer Inc
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Bucy, Taylor, John Zoscak, Motomi Mori, Vinayak Prasad y Uma Borate. "Proportion of Patients with FLT3 Positive AML Required to Enroll on Clinical Trials to Satisfy the Recruitment Needs of FLT3 Inhibitor Trials: Are We Running out of Patients?" Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-120142.
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Abstract Introduction. The push for personalized medicine in oncology has generated an influx of therapies targeting similar pathways, despite only 5% of clinically tested agents receiving FDA approval (Mattina 2017). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy where identification of prognostically significant mutations suggests growing potential for therapeutic inhibition. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are deemed one of few "actionable" mutations and include 30% of de novo AML cases (25% ITD, 5% TKD) (Garcia 2017; Fathi 2016). In 2017 there will be approximately 21000 new AML cases, roughly 6000 of these patients will be FLT3+ (ACS 2017). In line with prior research in melanoma elucidating the growing number of trials aimed at personalized medicine, we sought to identify the total number of therapeutic trials studying FLT3 inhibitors (Tang 2018). We analyzed the total number of FLT3+ patients required for recruitment to these trials to ensure successful completion compared to incidence of this molecular abnormality within the AML patient population. Methods.A systematic review of therapeutic clinical trials focusing on adult FLT3+ AML from 2000-2017 was conducted using the PRISMA 2009 guidelines (Figure 1). We identified 78 therapeutic trials of FLT3 targeted therapies by cross-referencing ClinicalTrials.gov (66) and PubMed publications (12). Assuming constant accrual rate over the duration of each trial and constant rate of FLT3 mutations at 30% since 2000, statistical analysis was performed using the study start dates and primary completion dates of all trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Incidence data was collected from the CDC, SEER database, and literature review (De Kouchkovsky 2016; ASCO 2018). Projections of discrepancies between anticipated clinical trial enrollment were provided using consistently cited rates of adult participation of 1%, 3% and 5% versus participant enrollment needed to satisfy current projected trends (Rinde 2018; Unger 2016). Results. Twenty-four therapeutic FLT3 inhibitors being investigated were identified in 78 distinct clinical trials. Pharmaceutical versus cooperative group support was 2.23:1, with 29 different pharmaceutical sponsors and 13 cooperative group/non-profit/academic sponsors(Table 1). Thirty-eight (48.7%) trials/publications accrued in the US only, 21 (26.9%) at international sites only, 15 (19.2%) accrued in both the US and internationally, and 4 (5.1%) had no location listed at time of search. Only one study (NCT03258931) proposed a head-to-head comparison of midostaurin versus crenolanib. The number of patients needed to satisfy enrollment began to surpass the upper bound of estimated participation in 2010, dropping slightly from 2013-2014 and noticeably surpassing projected participation rates from 2015-2016 (Figures 2 & 3). In 2017, approximately 21380 patients were diagnosed with AML, roughly 6414 were FLT3 positive. Assuming 5% participation rate, 320.7 FLT3 positive patients would be expected to enroll in clinical trials. However, the total number of patients needed to satisfy enrollment in 2017 was 1235; after excluding international and completed trials, the total number needed is 844.49 patients. Based on statistical analyses, we estimate that 13.2% of all US patients with FLT3 pos AML would have to enroll to satisfy eligibility in 2017; roughly 3 times the upper level of historical clinical trial participation rates in the US. Conclusions. The current clinical trial process investigating targeted therapies in AML requires an unusually high and unsustainable enrollment, given the discrepancy between the incidence of AML patients with targetable mutations and the number of pharmaceutical agents being studied for these small patient populations. This discrepancy becomes even more startling when considering barriers to enrollment, including insurance market restrictions, geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Most of these trials do not compare available agents to identify the drug that may provide the most patient benefit. Whether this method of finding new therapies eventually leading to FDA approval continues to be sustainable or whether such duplicative trials dilute the valuable resource of AML patients with rare, targetable mutations, thus impeding development of the most effective therapeutic agents, must considered by the research and regulatory community. Disclosures Borate: Novartis: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy.
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KRISTINA, NATALINI NOVA y SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID. "PENGARUH AIR KELAPA TERHADAP MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS IN VITRO, PRODUKSI RIMPANG, DAN KANDUNGAN XANTHORRHIZOL TEMULAWAK DI LAPANGAN". Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 18, n.º 3 (19 de junio de 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.125-134.
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<p>ABSTRAK<br />Langkah antisipatif pemenuhan kebutuhan massal benih temulawak<br />dilakukan dengan perbanyakan secara in vitro menggunakan medium<br />tumbuh yang murah mengandung air kelapa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk<br />menganalisis kandungan kimia air kelapa dan peranannya dalam multi-<br />plikasi tunas temulawak in vitro, serta pengaruhnya terhadap produksi<br />rimpang dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Mei<br />2009 sampai Agustus 2010 di Laboratorium dan Kebun Percobaan Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat; serta Balai Besar Penelitian dan<br />Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian. Air kelapa yang digunakan berasal<br />dari kelapa muda (7-8 bulan) dan kelapa tua berumur (10-12 bulan).<br />Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap, terdiri atas 4 kegiatan. Pertama,<br />analisis zat pengatur tumbuh, vitamin dan mineral dalam air kelapa<br />menggunakan metode HPLC. Kedua, pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa (0,<br />5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25%) terhadap multiplikasi tunas temulawak in vitro.<br />Kegiatan dirancang secara acak kelompok, 3 ulangan. Pengamatan<br />meliputi parameter pertumbuhan. Ketiga, aklimatisasi dan kandungan<br />klorofil tanaman hasil in vitro. Keempat, pertumbuhan dan produksi<br />rimpang benih temulawak in vitro dalam pot berisi media tanah + pasir dan<br />analisis kandungan xanthorrizolnya. Rancangan penelitian acak kelompok,<br />3 ulangan, dan parameter pengamatan karakter pertumbuhan, produksi<br />rimpang, dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa air kelapa mengandung kinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral dan<br />sumber karbon yang berguna untuk multiplikasi tunas in vitro. Kandungan<br />kimia air kelapa muda lebih tinggi dibanding air kelapa tua. Medium<br />tumbuh mengandung air kelapa 15% terbaik dalam merangsang pertum-<br />buhan tunas in vitro (rata-rata 4,6 jumlah tunas per botol selama periode<br />awal pertumbuhan (8 minggu) sehingga dijadikan sebagai standar perba-<br />nyakan. Bibit temulawak hasil perbanyakan in vitro tumbuh baik (72%)<br />pada masa aklimatisasi, walaupun sebagian kecil ada yang menguning.<br />Kandungan klorofil a, b, dan total klorofil temulawak asal kultur in vitro<br />lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang konvensional, dan bentuk<br />rimpangnya normal. Poduksi rimpang generasi awal (Vo) mencapai rata-<br />rata 320,2g, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rimpang konvensional<br />(800,5g). Kandungan xanthorrhizol temulawak hasil kultur in vitro lebih<br />rendah dibandingkan rimpang konvensional. Hasil penelitian mengindi-<br />kasikan potensi air kelapa sebagai zat pengatur tumbuh alami pada<br />temulawak in vitro.<br />Kata kunci: air kelapa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, xanthorrhizol,<br />hasil</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Anticipated step for Java turmeric seed massal fulfillment was<br />conducted by in vitro using cheap growth medium enriched with coconut<br />water. The aim of the research was to analyse the chemical content of<br />coconut water and its role on java turmeric micropropagation in vitro and<br />their effect on yield and xanthorrhizol content. The experiement was<br />conducted from May 2009 to August 2009 at Indonesian Spices and<br />Medicinal Research Institute and Indonsian Center for Agricultural Post<br />Harvest Research and Development. The coconut water used comes from<br />young coconut (7-8 months) and old coconut (10-12 months). The research<br />consisted of four steps. First, analysis of growth regulator, vitamin and<br />sucrose from coconut water using HPLC method. Second, the effect of<br />several concentration od water coconut: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% on in<br />vitro multiplication. The experiment was arranged in completely block<br />design with three replicates. The parameters observed were growth of<br />culture during in vitro. Third, acclimatization and chlorophyll content of<br />plant derived from in vitro and fourth, growth, and yield of java turmeric<br />seed on pot containing soil + sand as growth medium and xanthorrhizol<br />analysis. The experiment was arranged in completely block design with<br />three replicates. The parameters observed were growth characters, yield<br />and xnthorrhizol content. Result showed that coconut water contain<br />kinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral and carbon source which used for<br />in vitro shoots multiplication. The chemical of young coconut water was<br />higher than old coconut. The growth medium enriched with 15 % coconut<br />water gave the best result on inducing shoots in vitro (average 4.6<br />shoots/bottle during 8 weeks culture), so it’s used as multiplication<br />standard. Java turmeric seed from in vitro culture grew well (72%) on<br />acclimatization. Although, some of them were greenish.The content of a,<br />b, and total chlorophyll of java ginger from in vitro culture was higher than<br />conventional rhizome and have a normal rhizome. The production on Vo<br />(plantlet generation) around 320.2 g/plant, is lower than conventional<br />rhyzome (800.5 g). Xanthorhizol and essential oil content of Java turmeric<br />from in vitro seed were lower than conventional rhyzome. Result research<br />indicated potency of the coconut water as a nature growth regulator in<br />vitro.<br />Key words: coconut water, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, growth,<br />xanthorrhizol, yield</p>
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Manana, Pholani, Eric C. Hosten y Richard Betz. "The crystal structure of 4-chloro-thiophenol, C6H5ClS". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures, 13 de julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2021-0225.
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Li, Yandi, Jia Lian, Linzhu Yi, Tian Yao, Shuying Feng, Bo Wang, Junli Li, Yongliang Feng y Suping Wang. "Folic acid supplementation in pregnant women with hepatitis B surface antigen improves infant hepatitis B surface antibody mediated by infant interleukin-4". British Journal of Nutrition, 25 de julio de 2022, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711452200229x.
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Abstract Immunoprophylaxis has not completely eliminated hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to hyporesponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). We explored the impact of folic acid supplementation (FAS) in pregnant women with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on their infant hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and the mediation effect of infant interleukin-4 (IL-4). We recruited HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates at baseline. Maternal FAS was obtained via a questionnaire, and neonatal anti-HBs and IL-4 were detected. Follow-up was performed at 11-13 months of age of infants, when anti-HBs and IL-4 were measured. We applied univariate and multivariate analyses. A mediation effect model was performed to explore the mediating role of IL-4. A total of 399 mother–neonate pairs were enrolled and 195 mother–infant pairs were eligible for this analysis. The infant anti-HBs geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) in the maternal FAS group were significnatly higher than those in the no-FAS group [383.8 mIU/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI): 294.2 mIU/ml to 500.7 mIU/ml vs. 217.0 mIU/ml, 95% CI: 147.0 mIU/ml to 320.4 mIU/ml, z=-3.2, P=0.001]. Infants born to women who took folic acid (FA) within the first trimester were more likely to have high anti-HBs titres (adjusted β-value=194.1, P=0.003). The fold change in IL-4 from neonates to infants partially mediated the beneficial influence of maternal FAS on infant anti-HBs (24.7% mediation effect) after adjusting for confounding factors. FAS during the first trimester to HBsAg-positive mothers could facilitate higher anti-HBs levels in infants aged 11-13 months partly by upregulating IL-4 in infants.
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Wolmann, Flavio da Silva, Divanilde Guerra, Eduardo Lorensi De Souza, Robson Evaldo Gehlen Bohrer, Ramiro Pereira Bisognin, Mastrangello Enivar Lanzanova y Danni Maisa Da Silva. "Productivity of three sweet potato cultivars: BRS Amélia, BRS Cuia and BRS Rubissol". Acta Agronómica 70, n.º 3 (7 de mayo de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n3.79261.
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The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a vegetable of great economic importance since it can be used for in natura consumption, for processing in agribusiness and/or biofuel production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield of three sweet potato cultivars: BRS Amelia, BRS Cuia and BRS Rubissol in the Northwest Region of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted in the field for two consecutive years (harvests 2014/2015 and 2015/2016). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, evaluating 3 sweet potato cultivars for 2 agricultural years, with 4 replications. As results, it was observed that potato weights in the first year of study ranged from 272.0 g to 320.2 g. In the second year of evaluation, it ranged from 133.9 g to 247.1 g. In relation to the average productivity, the values obtained in the first year were 15.2 t ha-1 for BRS Amelia, 19.8 t ha-1 for BRS Cuia and 16.2 t ha-1 for BRS Rubissol. In the second year of evaluation, the values were 12.3 t ha-1 for BRS Amelia, 16.1 t ha-1 for BRS Cuia and 13.1 t ha-1 for BRS Rubissol. Cultivars presented yields higher than the national average from Brazil in the two evaluated years.
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Bhuyan, Chinmoy, Dipankar Saha y Bipul Rabha. "Repellent activity of Vitex negundo and Curcuma longa herbal extract against simulium species in India". Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 12 de abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_181_23.
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Background & objectives: At present the use of synthetic pesticides to manage insects and other arthropods creates a number of issues that are related to the environment and public health. The goal of the present study was to find the repellent activity of Vitex negundo and Curcuma longa herbal extract against the wild species Simulium (blackfly) bite. Methods: We have studied Simulium biting behavior and tested the repellency of herbal extract obtained from Vitex negundo L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) and Curcuma lonaga L. (Zingiberal: Zingiberaceae) along with their essential oils in three locations in Arunachal Pradesh, India on human volunteers' resistance to Simulium (blackflies). The reported herbal extracts were incorporated to topical drug delivery vehicle as a cream and gel. Results: The methanolic extract of Vitex negundo cream and gel formulation showed >2 h safety at 5% concentration and >5 h safety at 10% concentration at all the testing sites followed by ethyl acetate extract. Whereas, chloroform extract of Curcuma longa cream and gel formulation provided >1 h safety at 5% concentration and >4 h safety at 10% concentration. Interpretation & conclusion: At an optimum concentration of 10%, the methanolic extract of vitex negundo cream provided complete protection times (CPTs) 320.4, 358.6, and 346.4 minutes, respectively. This finding offers confirmation of the methanolic extract and chloroform extract potential for use in new blackfly repellents.
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Al-Rasheedi, Abdullah N., Abdulrahman H. Almaeen, Abdullah D. Alotaibi, Abdulaziz S. D. Alruwaili, Sultan H. H. Alruwaili, Wadad M. A. Alruwaili, Aljoharah S. Alsakhry et al. "Changes in serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and erythropoietin in allergic rhinitis patients: Correlation with the Th inflammatory profile and disease comorbidities". International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 37 (18 de agosto de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03946320231196745.
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Objectives The balance between proinflammatory IFN-γ Th1 vs. the anti-inflammatory allergy-mediating IL-4-heralded Th2 reactions is pivotal in IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis (AR). Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α is inducible by hypoxia and various cytokines. HIF-1α activates different anti-pathogen and allergic immune cells. This cross-sectional study assessed the changes in serum HIF-1α and its dependent erythropoietin (EPO) levels among hospital-characterized AR patients. Type of the immune reaction, Th1 vs. Th2, was stratified based on the calculated IL-4/IFN-γ direct ratio, after being measured using specific ELISA assays. Methods 147 AR patients (83 males/64 females), and age-, BMI-, and gender-matched 24 healthy controls (13 males/11 females) were sequentially enrolled at ENT Unit, Prince Muteb General Hospital, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. Measurement of serum parameters was carried out using specific ELISA assays. Results Contrary to the majority of previous publications, all controls and the majority of patients ( n = 137/147) exhibited naive Th0 immune response. IFN-γ and HIF-1α levels were greater in controls than in patients (168.9 ± 173.9 vs 108 ± 94.5 pg/mL; p<.012) and controls had a lower IL-4/IFN-ratio (2.439 ± 0.897 vs 3.33 ± 1.19; p<.001) than patients. The HIF-1α results disagree with earlier studies. Due to the wide inter-individual variations, serum IL-4 and EPO levels in controls were non-significantly higher than patients. Lower IL-4 levels (267.3 ± 79.95 vs 353.4 ± 320.6 pg/mL; p < .01) and the ratio (2.814 ± 1.335 vs 3.431 ± 1.137; p < .05) were associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Lower ratio was also associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (3.051 ± 1.026 vs 3.787 ± 1.310; p < .001). EPO and IL-4 levels were lower in patients with deviated nasal septum (66.69 ± 26.81 vs 84.24 ± 61.5 pg/mL; p < .021; and 299.5 ± 137.3 vs 391.1 ± 52.780 pg/mL; p < .001, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the recorded levels and AR comorbidities. Conclusion These results confirmed a pathogenic implication for HIF-1α and IFN-γ in AR that warranted future bigger and longitudinal studies.
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Yang, Yifan, Li Gao, Fuwei Shen, Jiaodan Miao y Hua Liu. "A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between ischemic stroke and uric acid in young people in highland areas". Frontiers in Endocrinology 14 (11 de enero de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1325629.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and ischemic stroke in young patients in the Ganzi Tibetan plateau area.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was undertaken from January 2020 to June 2023 involving young patients (age: 15–45 years) diagnosed with ischemic stroke. The survey was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine of the People’s Hospital of Derong County, Ganzi Prefecture. The participants underwent a comprehensive assessment, including questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and head computed tomography (CT) examinations. Based on the tertiles of serum uric acid (SUA) levels, the patients were stratified into three groups. Furthermore, stroke severity was classified into mild (1–4 points), moderate (5–15 points), and severe (>15 points) categories using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale.ResultsThe severe stroke group exhibited higher levels of age, glucose, systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum uric acid (SUA) compared to the mild stroke group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the likelihood of male sex, advanced age, smoking, and a family history of stroke, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease were significantly elevated in the severe stroke group compared to the moderate stroke group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted on young adults residing in highland areas revealed a significant association between SUA levels and the risk of stroke.ConclusionElevated SUA levels serve as a distinct risk factor for the development of a major stroke in young patients in highland areas. At SUA levels of 320.56 mol/L, the risk of a moderate-to-severe stroke is noticeably elevated.
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Chaaban, Mohamad R., Kewal Asosingh, Suzy Comhair y David Hoying. "Assessing the clinico‐immunological profile of patients with obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis". International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 23 de noviembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alr.23304.
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AbstractBackgroundNo studies have investigated the systemic and local sinonasal profile of obesity‐related chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), despite its observed association in recent retrospective studies. The objectives of our study were to assess the impact of obesity on the clinical and cytokine profile of patients with CRS and evaluate treatment response with functional endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study at the Cleveland Clinic that included patients with CRS (n = 54) between December 2021 and September 2022. Data collection included demographics, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, baseline sinonasal outcome test scores, baseline radiologic scores (Lund–Mackay), postoperative sinonasal outcome test scores (at 3–4 months), and local and systemic alarmins/T‐helper cytokines.ResultsOut of the 54 CRS patients, there were 20 CRS patients without nasal polyps (37%) and 34 with nasal polyps (63%). Patients were categorized based on obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Obese CRS patients had lower systemic alarmins (interleukin [IL]‐33 and Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)) compared to non‐obese CRS patients (IL‐33: 744.2 ± 1164.6 pg/mL vs. 137.5 ± 320.0 pg/mL, p = 0.005; TSLP: 627.7 ± 1806.3 pg/mL vs. 28.1 ± 85.4 pg/mL, p = 0.017). CRS patients with nasal polyps with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 had higher postoperative sinonasal outcome test scores and lower levels of nasal eotaxin‐3 and IL‐33 compared to BMI <30 kg/m2 counterparts.ConclusionsIn conclusion, patients with obese CRS and nasal polyps displayed diminished levels of intranasal alarmins and reduced intranasal eotaxin‐3. These results potentially imply the presence of a unique, obese type 2‐low CRS phenotype that warrants further exploration.
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Yoshimoto, Hisashi, Kyoko Kawaida, Shohei Dobashi, Go Saito y Yukiko Owaki. "Effect of provision of non-alcoholic beverages on alcohol consumption: a randomized controlled study". BMC Medicine 21, n.º 1 (2 de octubre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03085-1.
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Abstract Background The use of alcohol-flavored beverages not containing alcohol (hereinafter referred to as non-alcoholic beverages) is recommended to reduce alcohol consumption. However, it is unclear if this reduces excessive drinking. Objective To verify whether non-alcoholic beverages impact the alcohol consumption of excessive drinkers. Study design Single-center, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study. Methods Participants aged 20 years or older who were not diagnosed with alcoholism, who drank at least four times a week, and whose alcohol consumption on those days was at least 40 g in males and 20 g in females, were recruited. Participants were randomized into the intervention or control group by simple randomization using a random number table. In the intervention group, free non-alcoholic beverages were provided once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks (three times in total), and thereafter, the number of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages consumed were recorded for up to 20 weeks. The consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages was calculated based on a drinking diary submitted with the previous 4 weeks of data. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in total alcohol consumption during past 4 weeks at week 12. The participants were not blinded to group allocations. Results Fifty-four participants (43.9%) were allocated to the intervention group and 69 (56.1%) to the control group. None of the participants in the intervention group dropped out, compared to two (1.6%) in the control group. The change in alcohol consumption was − 320.8 g (standard deviation [SD], 283.6) in the intervention group and − 76.9 g (SD, 272.6) in the control group at Week 12, indicating a significant difference (p < 0.001). Even at Week 20 (8 weeks after the completion of the intervention), the change was − 276.9 g (SD, 39.1) in the intervention group, which was significantly greater than − 126.1 g (SD, 41.3) in the control group (p < 0.001). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the change in non-alcoholic beverage consumption and alcohol consumption at Week 12 was significantly negative only in the intervention group (ρ = − 0.500, p < 0.001). There were no reports of adverse events during the study. Conclusions Providing non-alcoholic beverages significantly reduced alcohol consumption, an effect that persisted for 8 weeks after the intervention. Trial registration UMIN UMIN000047949. Registered 4 June 2022.
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Sugimoto, Masaya, Hiroki Kajino, Hiromi Manabe, Kazutomo Goh y Kenji Fujieda. "Abstract 4951: Serum N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Reflects the Grade of Congestive Heart Failure in Children". Circulation 118, suppl_18 (28 de octubre de 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_963-a.
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Background: The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) has a longer serum half-life than the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and it is reported to be advantageous in the accurate detection of congestive heart failure (CHF) in adults. However, it has not been sufficiently examined in children. Therefore, we investigated which of the 2 peptides is more beneficial and identified their cut-off levels at the CHF grades in children. Methods: Plasma BNP and serum NTproBNP levels were determined in 252 healthy children (median age, 3.5 years) and in 142 children with congenital heart disease (median age, 2.6 years). CHF severity was assessed by using the modified Ross score to classify the severity into 4 grades (I–IV). The BNP and NTproBNP levels were analyzed and compared with the CHF grade. Results: Both BNP and NTproBNP levels increased significantly with the CHF grades (Fig. 1 ). The change in the NTproBNP level was more remarkable in each CHF grade than in BNP. Furthermore, at CHF grades of II or higher, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was larger with NTproBNP than with BNP (Fig. 2 ). The cut-off levels of BNP and NTproBNP were 47.3 and 333.4 pg/mL, respectively, in CHF grade II and higher; 101.4 and 2415.5 pg/mL, respectively, in CHF grade III and higher; and 320.0 and 3617.0 pg/mL, respectively, in CHF grade IV. Conclusions: Our study clearly demonstrated that blood levels of BNP and NTproBNP reflected the severity of CHF in the children. Of these, NTproBNP showed better specificity and sensitivity for the evaluation of CHF severity in children. Therefore, we concluded that NTproBNP is beneficial as a biomarker for assessing CHF in children. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA National Center. Fig. 1 Fig. 2