Literatura académica sobre el tema "300.72/3"

One of the most prominent natural resources in Congko Village is agricultural land of around 300.72 hectares, while the area of plantation land managed by the Bulu Mappalasae farmer group reaches 101 hectares consisting of 21 hectares of corn land, 63 hectares of cocoa/cocoa land, and 17 hectares of rice fields. The results of the plantation are unsatisfactory, namely for the cocoa plantation which is only able to produce 500kg/hectare/year. One of the obstacles to the lack of productivity of agricultural products is due to the lack of fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer obtained by farmers averages 600kg / hectare, while the fertilizer needed by farmers averages 1 ton / hectare or a total of 63 tons from a land area of 63 hectares. Apart from agricultural activities, there are also livestock activities owned by the community. With the livestock business, the community can make this a potential area. However, the problem in animal husbandry is that livestock waste/dung increases every day and pollutes the environment because it is not managed properly, but if livestock waste/dung can be managed properly, it can provide great benefits to the community such as biogas management from livestock manure which produces gas and organic fertilizer. The solution to the existing problems is to integrate farming and livestock to make organic fertilizer and apply the technology of making biogas from livestock manure. To implement the solution, an implementation method was prepared, namely conducting training and mentoring in making organic fertilizer and managing livestock manure into biogas and organic fertilizer using a bidiogester. From the results of processing waste into organic fertilizer, there are organic fertilizer products that are ready to be applied to agricultural land and produce 3 tons of organic fertilizer / month. And the results of managing livestock manure produce 540kg/month of biogas and 2.3 tons/month of organic fertilizer.

Slow-release bioplastic fertilizer (BpF) composites were developed by processing oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), fertilizer, and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBv) using extrusion techniques with controlled formulation and temperature. The temperature was kept at 150°C for 3 to 5 min during processing using twin-screw extruder. The PHBv lost weight gradually with the increasing temperature and its thermal degradation occurred initially at 263.4°C and reached the maximum at 300.7°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the bonding of all composites created small gaps between matrices polymer and fiber because the hydrophilic characteristic of EFB fibers weakened the interfacial bonding. PHBv/EFB/NPKC2 showed faster biodegradation over PHBv/NPKC1 and PHBv/NPKC2, which was 99.35% compared to 68.66% and 90.28%, respectively.

Eighteen commercially used white Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) inbreds, a hybrid of Inbred 1 × Inbred 18 (Hybrid 1) and an F2 population (F2) of Hybrid 1 were evaluated for stomatal size and density and transpiration rate to determine their affect on postharvest longevity. Stems of each genotype were cut to 40 cm, placed in distilled water and discarded when 50% of florets wilted or browned. Postharvest longevity of inbreds ranged from 3.7 to 12.9 days; Hybrid 1 and the F2 averaged 3.0 and 9.1 days postharvest, respectively. Leaf impressions showed less than 3% of stomata were found on the adaxial leaf surface. Inbred abaxial stomatal densities ranged from 128.2 to 300.7 stomata mm-2; Hybrid 1 and the F2 averaged 155 and 197 stomata mm-2, respectively. Transpiration measurments on leaves of stems 24 hr after cutting were made with a LI-COR 1600 Steady State Porometer. Statistical analysis showed inbreds were significantly different based on postharvest longevity, stomatal size and density and transpiration of cut stems.

For the functional food applications, antioxidant properties and the bioactive compounds of the 23 Curcuma species commercially cultivated in Thailand were studied. Total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. The concentrations of eight bioactive compounds, including curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), bisdemethoxycurcumin (3), 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4), germacrone (5), furanodienone (6), zederone (7), and ar-turmerone (8), were determined from the Curcuma by HPLC. While the total phenolic content of C. longa was highest (22.3 ± 2.4 mg GAE/g, mg of gallic acid equivalents), C. Wan Na-Natong exhibited the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging activity. Twenty-three Curcuma species showed characteristic distributions of the bioactive compounds, which can be utilized for the identification and authentication of the cultivated Curcuma species. C. longa contained the highest content of curcumin (1) (304.9 ± 0.1 mg/g) and C. angustifolia contained the highest content of germacrone (5) (373.9 ± 1.1 mg/g). It was noteworthy that 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4) was found only from C. comosa at a very high concentration (300.7 ± 1.4 mg/g). It was concluded that Thai Curcuma species have a great potential for the application of functional foods and ingredients.

Purpose: The aim of the present investigation was to formulate protein nanoparticles loaded suppositories for colon targeting of metronidazole (MZ), to achieve sustain release effect. Methods: Protein nanoparticles were formulated via desolvation technique by utilizing 2 3 factorial design which results into eight formulations. The synthesized protein nanoparticles were characterized for different physicochemical and in vitro parameters viz. particle size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency and zeta potential, drug- excipients compatibility studies. Results: The formulated protein nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape and have an average size in the range of 300.7 nm to 504.8 nm. Based on the results obtained, F7 was found to be the optimized formulation that was loaded into the suppository base. Furthermore, suppositories were also characterized for several parameters like content uniformity, weight variation and liquefaction time. Conclusion: Resultant, suppositories were free from pits, fissures and cracks. The in-vitro release data of metronidazole protein nanoparticles (MZ-PNPs) loaded suppositories were compared with the suppositories loaded with active ingredient only i.e. metronidazole. Screening against Pheretima posthuma was also conducted. The results of in vitro drug release testing proved that protein nanoparticle loaded suppositories is a better approach, compared to pure metronidazole loaded suppositories. Release kinetic study concluded that the formulation follows higuchi’s equation i.e. having a biphasic release pattern. The efficiency of the formulated dosage form was evaluated using Indian earthworms, Pheretima posthuma (P. posthuma).

Purpose. To investigate the long-term changes of corneal endothelial cells (EC) in anterior chamber intraocular lens- (AC-IOL-) implanted eyes. Methods. Retrospective study. We included 37 eyes (25 patients) that received AC-IOL implantation previously in the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University between 1995 and 2016. Follow-up outcomes included the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density, hexagonality, coefficient of variance, and central corneal thickness. Results. In total, 23 eyes (62.16%) with phakic and 14 eyes (37.84%) with aphakic AC-IOLs were included. Among these, 3 eyes (8.11%) were angle-supported AC-IOLs and 34 eyes (91.89%) were Artisan iris-fixated AC-IOLs. The mean age of patients was 41.40 ± 17.17 years, and the mean follow-up time was 12.12 ± 4.71 years in our study. At the follow-up time, corneal decompensation existed in 3 angle-supported AC-IOL eyes with a rate of 100% and 15 iris-fixated AC-IOL eyes with a rate of 44.12%. AC-IOL displacement occurred in 14 (41.18%) iris-fixated AC-IOL eyes. In the 19 iris-fixated AC-IOL eyes without corneal decompensation, significant changes also took place in corneal endothelial cells. The endothelial cell density decreased from 2843.26 ± 300.76 to 2015.58 ± 567.99 cells/mm2 (29.1% loss, P < 0.001 ) and hexagonality decreased from 51.21 ± 7.83 to 42.53 ± 9.17 (%) (16.9% loss, P < 0.001 ). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve also demonstrated the accumulated expectation rates of corneal endothelial cell decomposition for AC-IOLs with a median survival time of 12 years. Conclusion. We reported a significant chronic loss and long-term decompensation destiny of corneal endothelial cells in AC-IOL eyes. Semiannual or annual follow-up and evaluation of endothelial cells should be conducted in AC-IOL-implanted patients.

Abstract The study was carried out in the certified citrus propagation nursery of the Horticultural and Forestry Company in Al-Hindiya District / Holy Karbala Governorate during the period 20/4/ up to 20/8/2021, in order to study the effect of adding bio-fertilizer and spraying nano and chelated iron fertilizers on the content of orange seedlings leaves of the elements food. The experiment included three factors, the first biological fertilizing factor, adding ground at four levels, which are (the comparison treatment, azotobacter, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi + azotobacter). It is the spraying of chelated iron in three levels (zero, 3, and 6 g / liter). A factorial experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design, and the averages of traits were compared with the L.S.D. test at the 5% probability level. The results indicated: The biofertilization treatment (Mycorrhizal fungus+ Azotobacter bacteria). And the spraying treatment with nano iron fertilizer (3 g. L-1) was significantly superior in the content of orange seedlings leaves of nutrients (Zn,Fe,K,P,N) and the spraying treatment was The chelated iron fertilizer (6g.l-1) showed the same behavior and showed significant differences in the content of nutrients in the leaves. It gave the highest concentrations of the studied elements. The dual interactions between the study factors gave significant differences in the school characteristics, as it gave the treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of nano iron (3 g. L-1), and biological fertilization (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of chelated iron (6 g. L-1), And (nano iron spray (3 g.l-1) + chelated iron spray (6g.l-1) the highest values are superior to the rest of the treatments and reached (2.58%, 0.68%, 2.81%, 300.79 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 42.80 mg. kg-1.d.w.) (2.55%, 0.64%, 2.97%, 297.79 mg. kg-1. d.w., 42.19 mg. kg-1. d.w.) (2.49%, 0.62%, 2.74%, 256.17 mg kg-1 dry weight, 39.66 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively, gave the triple interaction treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spray of nano iron (3 g. L-1) + spray of chelated iron (6 g). L-1) was significantly superior in leaf content of the studied elements, and it reached (2.77%, 0.75%, 3.20%, 309.17 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 49.40 mg. kg-1. dry weight), respectively.

14116 Background: We have previously reported that O-LM inhibits malignant cell proliferation and increases survival in rodent tumor models (Int J Cancer S13:183, 2002). Molecular and immunological basis of O-LM action were reported (J Clin Oncol 24:18S, 2006). As O- LM selectively protects normal tissues from high doses of ionizing radiation (Proc Int Cancer Congress,1495–9, 1998), we here investigated O- LM protective action upon radiation effects on immune cells. Methods: Balb/c mice (n=15 each group) were employed: control (C); 2Gy whole body irradiated (IR); treated with O-LM (Zn, Se, Mn 4μg/ml each; L. Muta 4 ng/ml; 0.1 ml/day, sc) for 15 days and 2Gy irradiated (O-LM+IR). Mice were sacrificed at day 3, 7 or 15 post-irradiation (PI). Proliferation was evaluated in lymphocytes by [3H]- Thymidine incorporation after T- or B selective mitogen stimulation. In cell-free supernatants (SN) from mitogen-stimulated cultures cytokines involved in lymphocyte regulation and/or inflammation were determined by ELISA. Results: Irradiation induced a decrease in T lymphocyte proliferation at 3 and 7 days PI (% of decrease in IR: 47.6±9.0, p<0.05; 42.0±7.2, p<0.02 respectively). Pretreatment with O-LM recovered proliferation to basal values (day 3 PI 93.4±10.2%; day 7 PI 130.9±15.3%, O-LM+IR vs. C; p=NS). No modifications were observed in B cells. At day 3 PI, a marked decrease in IFN? levels was obtained in SN of IR mice that was reverted by O-LM treatment (pg/ml: IR 1653±419; C 10884±2783, p<0.02; O-LM+IR 16924±4284, p<0.05 vs C). Also, at day 7 PI, an important increase in TNFa was observed in IR mice, that were reverted by O-LM (pg/ml: IR: 300.7±62.3 vs O-LM+IR: 28.7±2.3, p<0.02). No differences were found in IL-2 levels. Conclusions: The therapeutic action of O-LM is based on its ability of targeting simultaneously multiple pathways involved in cancer development. Present data demonstrate that O-LM protects animals from irradiation by recovering the immune function, improving T lymphocyte activity and modulating the production of key cytokines as IFN? and TNFa. The reported effect may represent a potential benefit for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on visual acuity and macular thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in macular edema associated with various retinal vascular disorders. Methods This prospective nonrandomized clinical interventional study included 81 eyes (76 patients) comprised of Group I, 57 eyes (51 patients) with diabetic macular edema; Group II, 10 eyes (10 patients) with branch retinal vein occlusion; and Group III, 13 eyes (13 patients) with central retinal vein occlusion. All eyes received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide (with the solvent) in the operation theater under sterile conditions. Results Mean preinjection central macular thickness was 531.84±132 μm in Group I, 458.4±149 μm in Group II, and 750.81±148 μm in Group III. All groups showed a statistically significant decrease in mean central macular thickness at 1 month (300.7±119 μM in Group I, 218.2±99 μm in Group II, and 210.5 ±56 μm in Group III) and 3 months (253.19±109 μm in Group I, 187±47 μm in Group II, and 182±50 μm in Group III) after injection (p<0.05). Mean follow-up was 22±2.4 weeks. Mean visual acuity increased in all three groups (preoperative visual acuity in Group I, 1.2±0.4 logMAR units; Group II, 1.24±0.5 logMAR units; Group III, 1.1 ±0.4 logMAR units; 1 month postinjection in Group I, 0.88±0.3 logMAR units; Group II, 0.67±0.3 logMAR units; Group III, 0.86±0.4 logMAR units; 3 months postinjection in Group I, 0.84±0.4 logMAR units; Group II, 0.59±0.3 logMAR units; Group III, 0.82±0.5 logMAR units) (p<0.05). Forty-one eyes completed 6 months and 20 eyes completed 9 months follow-up. Twelve of 20 (41%) eyes in Group I, 2/6 (33%) eyes in Group II, 3/6 (50%) eyes in Group III, and 8/15 (53%) eyes in Group I, 1/3 (33%) eyes in Group II, and 2/2 (100%) eyes in Group III developed recurrence of macular edema with worsening of visual acuity at 6 and 9 months, respectively. Thirty-three (40.7%) eyes developed IOP elevation (at least one reading > 24 mmHg). One eye developed infective endophthalmitis. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be considered as an effective treatment for reducing macular thickening due to diffuse diabetic macular edema, venous occlusion associated macular edema, and may result in increase in visual acuity at least in the short term. Further follow-up and analysis is required to demonstrate its long-term efficacy.

Abstract Abstract 2111 Pathogenic bacteria must acquire iron from their hosts to survive and have evolved multiple mechanisms to capture iron or iron-containing heme from the bloodstream or tissues. In response, mammals have developed defense mechanisms to keep iron from pathogens. For example, in response to inflammatory cytokines, hepcidin secreted by the liver binds to the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN1), leading to FPN1 internalization and degradation, decreasing gastrointestinal iron absorption and increasing macrophage iron storage. Much of the body's iron stores are complexed in heme. The Feline leukemia virus, subgroup C (FeLV-C) receptor, FLVCR, is a heme export protein. We showed previously that FLVCR is required for the normal development of the erythroid [Science (2008)319:825] and T cell lineages [Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts)114:913,2009]. Although macrophages express high levels of FLVCR, the role of FLVCR in regulating heme-iron after infection remains unexplored. Other heme regulatory proteins, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), a heme-degrading enzyme, are known to be transcriptionally regulated in macrophages in response to infection. We hypothesized that macrophages dynamically regulate Flvcr in response to bacterial infection. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated J774, a murine macrophage cell line, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS from E. coli O111:B4) at varying concentrations and durations. LPS, an outer membrane component from gram-negative bacteria, binds to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophages and activates downstream signaling pathways. Using multiplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we measured mRNA levels of Flvcr, Hmox1, and Fpn1. We found that J774 cells down-regulated Flvcr transcript levels in response to LPS with a maximal decrease (69%) seen at 6–8 hours of stimulation. While the extent of Flvcr down-regulation was dose-responsive, a significant decrease (57%) occurred even with the lowest LPS dose (10 ng/ml). Macrophages decreased Fpn1 expression (71%) and increased Hmox1 expression (55%) in response to LPS stimulation as previously reported. Similar results were obtained with LPS from a different bacterial source (Salmonella minnesota Re595). We also performed these studies using primary macrophages cultured from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells and observed a similar decrease in Flvcr and Fpn1 (64 and 72%) and an increase in Hmox1 (40%) transcripts after stimulation with both O111:B4 and Re595 LPS. While Fpn1 transcriptional regulation by heme and oxidative stress has been studied, the mechanism by which LPS regulates Fpn1 transcription is less clear. The similar pattern and kinetics of LPS-induced Flvcr and Fpn1 expression changes raise the possibility that the same regulatory mechanism is responsible. Analysis of the human and mouse Flvcr promoter regions revealed several putative LPS downstream transcription factor binding sites including NF-κB, AP1, and C/EBPβ. In addition to transcriptional regulation, LPS downstream signaling could alter Flvcr and Fpn1 mRNA stability and translation, so we compared the 5' untranslated regions (UTR) and 3'UTR of murine Flvcr and Fpn1. We found little similarity between the 5'UTR of Flvcr and the 5'UTR of Fpn1, known to contain an iron-responsive element (IRE) and be regulated by iron via iron regulatory proteins (IRP). However, alignment of the 3'UTR from Flvcr and Fpn1 showed similarity (pair wise score 65). Both the Flvcr and Fpn1 3'UTR are predicted to have a high degree of secondary structure based on their large negative fold energies (−421.25 and −300.74 kcal/mol), further suggesting that these 3'UTR may have a regulatory function. Studies are underway to determine the roles of the Flvcr promoter, 5'UTR, and 3'UTR in LPS-induced down-regulation. This work suggests that LPS-induced down-regulation of Flvcr and Fpn1 might act in concert to decrease heme and iron export from macrophages and sequester iron from bacterial pathogens. Heme export control through FLVCR could serve as a novel mechanism of iron regulation in response to infection. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.