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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "2D arrays"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Yue, Jian, Anqi Cui, Fei Wang, et al. "Design of Monolithic 2D Optical Phased Arrays Heterogeneously Integrated with On-Chip Laser Arrays Based on SOI Photonic Platform." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (2022): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122117.

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In this work, heterogeneous integration of both two-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OPAs) and on-chip laser arrays based on a silicon photonic platform is proposed. The tunable multi-quantum-well (MQW) laser arrays, active switching/shifting arrays, and grating antenna arrays are used in the OPA module to realize 2D spatial beam scanning. The 2D OPA chip is composed of four main parts: (1) tunable MQW laser array emitting light signals in the range of 1480–1600 nm wavelengths; (2) electro-optic (EO) switch array for selecting the desired signal light from the on-chip laser array; (3) E

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2

Sanjeev Kumar Machkuri, Et al. "Parallel Complementary Virtual Arrays Algorithm for Direction of Arrival (DOA) Estimation." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 11 (2023): 663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i11.10069.

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This Paper discusses the challenges faced by previous method 2D Direction of Arrival (DOA) systems, such as low degrees of freedom, poor resolution, and significant estimation errors in scenarios with small snapshots. In response to these issues, the present method proposes a low-complexity 2D Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm based on a parallel complementary virtual array. The algorithm utilizes two mutually parallel complementary linear arrays to generate a virtual array, addressing the limitations of traditional parallel arrays. It constructs an extended matrix with enh

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3

Yoon, Hansol, and Tai-Kyong Song. "Sparse Rectangular and Spiral Array Designs for 3D Medical Ultrasound Imaging." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010173.

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In three-dimensional (3D) medical ultrasound imaging with two-dimensional (2D) arrays, sparse 2D arrays have been studied to reduce the number of active channels. Among them, sparse 2D arrays with regular or uniform arrangements of elements have advantages of low side lobe energy and uniform field responses over the entire field of view. This paper presents two uniform sparse array models: sparse rectangular arrays (SRAs) on a rectangular grid and sparse spiral arrays (SSAs) on a sunflower grid. Both arrays can be easily implemented on the commercially available or the custom-made arrays. To s

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4

Shi, Yunhe, Xiaofei Zhang, and Shengxinlai Han. "Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm." Sensors 25, no. 5 (2025): 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051456.

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This paper proposes a novel sparse array design and an efficient algorithm for two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation. By analyzing the hole distribution in coprime arrays and introducing supplementary elements, we design a Complementary Coprime Planar Array (CCPA) that strategically fills key holes in the virtual array. This design enhances the array’s continuous Degrees Of Freedom (DOFs) and virtual aperture, achieving improved performance in 2D-DOA estimation with fewer physical elements. The virtualization of the array further increases the available DOFs, while the hole-

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5

Wang, Dong, Ran Ji, and Peter Schaaf. "Formation of precise 2D Au particle arrays via thermally induced dewetting on pre-patterned substrates." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2 (June 22, 2011): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.37.

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The fabrication of precise 2D Au nanoparticle arrays over a large area is presented. The technique was based on pre-patterning of the substrate before the deposition of a thin Au film, and the creation of periodic particle arrays by subsequent dewetting induced by annealing. Two types of pre-patterned substrates were used: The first comprised an array of pyramidal pits and the second an array of circular holes. For the dewetting of Au films on the pyramidal pit substrate, the structural curvature-driven diffusion cooperates with capillarity-driven diffusion, resulting in the formation of preci

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6

Doyoro, Yonatan Garkebo, Ping-Yu Chang, and Jordi Mahardika Puntu. "Uncertainty of the 2D Resistivity Survey on the Subsurface Cavities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073143.

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We examined the uncertainty of the two-dimensional (2D) resistivity method using conceptual cavity models. The experimental cavity study was conducted to validate numerical model results. Spatial resolution and sensitivity to resistivity perturbations were also assessed using checkerboard tests. Conceptual models were simulated to generate synthetic resistivity data for dipole-dipole (DD), pole-dipole (PD), Wenner–Schlumberger (WS), and pole-pole (PP) arrays. The synthetically measured resistivity data were inverted to obtain the geoelectric models. The highest anomaly effect (1.46) and varian

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7

Abdelwahab, Hussein. "Comparison of 2D and 3D Resistivity Imaging Methods in the Study of Shallow Subsurface Structures." Greener Journal of Physical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2013): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3444322.

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2D and 3D resistivity imaging methods are simple, fast, inexpensive, and relatively accurate techniques used in geophysics exploration. In this study, 2D and 3D resistivity imaging methods are used to produce images of the subsurface structure of the University of Technology in Baghdad, Iraq. Three 2D images are utilized to create a 3D slice image and a 3D block image for three conventional arrays. Each 2D image has a length of 60m and a depth of approximately 12m, and the spacing between lines is 1.5m. Results show that the study area consists of two types of material: sandy gravel and clay.

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8

Rasskazov, Ilia L., Nishikant Sonwalkar, and P. Scott Carney. "Light scattering by plasmonic disks and holes arrays: different or the same?" Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 45 (2022): 455104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac8ffc.

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Abstract We suggest a strategy for designing regular 2D arrays of nanoholes (NHs) in metal films with far-field scattering properties similar to that of regular 2D arrays of nanodisks (NDs) with the same periodicity. Full-wave simulations for perfectly conducting, Ag and Au NDs and respectively designed arrays of NHs demonstrate a minor difference between far-field properties either at wavelengths corresponding to Wood–Rayleigh anomalies of the arrays or in a broad wavelength range, depending on the array periodicity and sizes of NDs (NHs). Our results have broad implications in plasmon-enhanc

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9

Lukacs, Peter, Geo Davis, Don Pieris, and Theodosia Stratoudaki. "A 2D Ultrasonic Phased Array Optimization Framework Enabled by Reconfigurable Laser Induced Phased Arrays." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (2024): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012094.

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Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic imaging enables the viewing of internal features in a more accurate way than cross-sectional imaging. 3D imaging requires two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic phased arrays to resolve all three spatial dimensions through beamforming along azimuthal and elevation angles. 2D phased arrays pose a manufacturing and control challenge due to the requirement of large number of elements to satisfy the Nyquist sampling limit. This problem can be alleviated through the use of sparse ultrasonic array designs. The optimization process is critical, as this dictates the

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10

CHANG-HASNAIN, C. J., Y. A. WU, L. E. ENG, and G. S. LI. "VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER ARRAYS FOR WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING APPLICATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 05, no. 04 (1994): 569–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156494000231.

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The capability to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor diode laser array is one of the most important steps towards making wafer-scale low-cost lasers. The recent emergence of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) facilitates the fabrication of such large 2D arrays. In this paper, we review the recent progress on a novel largeaperture single-mode VCSEL and a 2D multiple-wavelength VCSEL array for ultra-high bandwidth applications. We demonstrate a passive antiguide region (PAR) VCSEL which emits a stable single mode with very low threshold, a large aperture, and a fixed polari

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11

Wang, Haizhen, Lu Li, Jiaqi Ma, Junze Li, and Dehui Li. "2D perovskite narrowband photodetector arrays." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 34 (2021): 11085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc03331j.

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12

Cassuto, Yuval, and Amin Shokrollahi. "LDPC Codes for 2D Arrays." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 60, no. 6 (2014): 3279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2014.2313720.

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13

Gdor, Efrat, Shay Shemesh, Shlomo Magdassi, and Daniel Mandler. "Multienzyme Inkjet Printed 2D Arrays." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 32 (2015): 17985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04726.

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14

Zhang, Lei, Shiwei Ren, Xiangnan Li, Guishan Ren, and Xiaohua Wang. "Generalized L-Shaped Nested Array Concept Based on the Fourth-Order Difference Co-Array." Sensors 18, no. 8 (2018): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082482.

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In this paper, a generalized L-shaped nested array based on the fourth-order difference co-array is proposed for two-dimensional (2D) directions’ estimation. The new structure framework makes full use of the physical sensor locations to form a virtual uniform rectangular array (URA) as large as possible. As it utilizes the fourth-order difference instead of the traditional second-order difference result, this structure framework can acquire a much higher degree-of-freedom (DOF) than the existing 2D sparse arrays. The proposed structures have two advantages. One is that the subarrays can be cho

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15

Darrh, Andréa, Christian Poppeliers, and Leiph Preston. "Azimuthally Dependent Seismic‐Wave Coherence at the Source Physics Experiment Large‐N Array." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 5 (2019): 1935–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180296.

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Abstract We document azimuthally dependent seismic scattering at the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) using the large‐N array. The large‐N array recorded the seismic wavefield produced by the SPE‐5 buried chemical explosion, which occurred in April 2016 at the Nevada National Security Site, U.S.A. By selecting a subset of vertical‐component geophones from the large‐N array, we formed 10 linear arrays, with different nominal source–receiver azimuths as well as six 2D arrays. For each linear array, we evaluate wavefield coherency as a function of frequency and interstation distance. For both the

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16

Albagory, Yasser, and Fahad Alraddady. "Optimum Extrapolation Techniques for Two-Dimensional Antenna Array Tapered Beamforming." Electronics 11, no. 13 (2022): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131995.

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Optimizing antenna arrays is essential for achieving efficient beamforming with very low sidelobe level (SLL) where adopting tapered window functions is one of the straightforward efficient techniques for achieving this goal. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) beamforming has been extensively required for many applications; therefore, this paper proposes two extrapolation techniques applied to one-dimensional (1D) tapered functions to efficiently feed 2D antenna arrays using cross-linear and adaptive radial tapering techniques. The first proposed 2D cross-linear tapering technique determines the 2

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17

Wu, Tao, Yiwen Li, Zhengxin Li, Yijie Huang, and Jiwei Xu. "A 2D Nested Array Based DOA Estimator for Incoherently Distributed Sources via Sparse Representation Utilizing L1-Norm." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (July 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6941963.

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Nested arrays are sparse arrays composed of subarrays with nonuniform sensor spacing. Compared with traditional uniform arrays, nested arrays have more degree of freedoms (DOFs) and larger apertures. In this paper, a nested array has been proposed as well as a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for two-dimensional (2D) incoherently distributed (ID) sources. A virtual array is firstly obtained through vectorization of the cross-correlation matrix of subarrays. Sensor positions of the virtual array and the optimal configuration of the nested array are derived next. Then rotational inva

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18

Crété, Denis Gérard, Sarah Menouni, Juan Trastoy, et al. "Designing Large Two-Dimensional Arrays of Josephson Junctions for RF Magnetic Field Detection." Electronics 12, no. 15 (2023): 3239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12153239.

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This paper discusses improved design of two-dimensional (2D) arrays, potentially pushing the present state of the art of the high-Tc (and low-Tc) magnetic field detectors to a larger scale, i.e., higher sensitivity. We propose a two-plate geometry for parallel (and two-dimensional) arrays of Josephson junctions (JJs) for application in magnetic field detection. The arrays can be realized either by integration in the same substrate with a multilayer technology or on two different substrates. In the latter case, the substrates can be assembled in a flip-chip or piggyback configuration. A suggest

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19

Kim, Jeong Nyeon, Tianning Liu, Thomas N. Jackson, et al. "10 MHz Thin-Film PZT-Based Flexible PMUT Array: Finite Element Design and Characterization." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154335.

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Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUT) incorporating lead zirconate titanate PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) thin films were investigated for miniaturized high-frequency ultrasound systems. A recently developed process to remove a PMUT from an underlying silicon (Si) substrate has enabled curved arrays to be readily formed. This research aimed to improve the design of flexible PMUT arrays using PZFlex, a finite element method software package. A 10 MHz PMUT 2D array working in 3-1 mode was designed. A circular unit-cell was structured from the top, with concentric layers of platinum

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20

Lu, Jieyi, Long Yang, Yixin Yang, and Lu Wang. "A Fast Two-Dimensional Direction-of-Arrival Estimator Using Array Manifold Matrix Learning." Remote Sensing 16, no. 24 (2024): 4654. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244654.

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Sparsity-based methods for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation often suffer from high computational complexity due to the large array manifold dictionaries. This paper proposes a fast 2D DOA estimator using array manifold matrix learning, where source-associated grid points are progressively selected from the set of predefined angular grids based on marginal likelihood maximization in the sparse Bayesian learning framework. This grid selection reduces the size of the manifold dictionary matrix, avoiding large-scale matrix inversion and resulting in reduced complexity. To

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21

Xiao, Yu, Tao Wu, Yiwen Li, Xinping Ma, and Yijie Huang. "Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for 2D Coherently Distributed Sources with Nested Array Based on Matrix Reconstruction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 12, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6494967.

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This paper has made proposition of a nested array and an estimation algorithm for direction-of-arrival (DOA) of two-dimensional (2D) coherently distributed (CD) sources. According to the difference coarray concept, double parallel hole-free virtual uniform linear arrays are generated by virtue of vectorization operation on cross-correlation matrices of subarrays. Sensor coordinates of virtual arrays are derived. Rational invariance relationships of virtual arrays are derived. According to the rotational invariance relationships, matrices satisfying rotation invariance are constructed by extrac

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22

Yu, Jing Jing, and Fa Shan Yu. "Evolutionary Algorithm for Microphone Array Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.287.

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This paper presented a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize element placements of microphone array with the purpose of maximizing beamforming SNR for given possible distribution of sound sources. A function based on relationship between statistical geometry descriptors and array performance matrices was applied as the objective function of GA. Optimization experiments of 1D linear array and 2D planar array were performed to demonstrate that this algorithm can effectively sort out superior arrays with significant SNR improvements over randomly generated arrays and regular arrays. High successful

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23

Liu, Qiankun, Tom Smy, Ahmad Atieh, Pavel Cheben, Alejandro Sánchez-Postigo, and Winnie N. Ye. "Integrated circular optical phased array." EPJ Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125501004.

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Existing OPAs are typically based on 2D rectangular arrays or 1D linear arrays. Both approaches present a limited field-of-view (FOV) due to the presence of the grating lobes when the element spacing is larger than λ/2. To address the need for an increased steering range, we propose a new design strategy of an OPA system utilizing a 2D circular phased array, with a substantially increased FOV. We present a circular OPA using a demonstrated antenna element design, with an 820-element array. A steering range ΩSR calculated as a solid angle of 0.51π sr, and an angular beamwidth of 0.22°, was achi

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24

Awad, Samer I., and Jesse T. Yen. "3D Strain Imaging Using a Rectilinear 2D Array." Ultrasonic Imaging 29, no. 4 (2007): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460702900403.

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Under mechanical compression, tissue movements are inherently three-dimensional. 2-D strain imaging can suffer from decorrelation noise caused by out-of-plane tissue movement in elevation. With 3-D strain imaging, all tissue movements can be estimated and compensated, hence minimizing out-of-plane decorrelation noise. Promising 3-D strain imaging results have been shown using 1 -D arrays with mechanical translation in elevation. However, the relatively large slice thickness and mechanical translation can degrade image quality. Using 2-D arrays, an improved elevational resolution can be achieve

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25

Julie, J., and J. Baskar Babujee. "Generalized Parikh Prime 2D Binary Arrays." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 9 (2016): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.00927.8.

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26

Hannour, A., L. Bardotti, B. Prével, et al. "2D arrays of CoPt nanocluster assemblies." Surface Science 594, no. 1-3 (2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2005.07.002.

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27

Sandro, Zampieri. "Exact Modelling of Finite 2D Arrays." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 25, no. 21 (1992): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)49809-0.

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28

Baraduc, C., and J. E. Mooij. "Coupled 2D-arrays of Josephson junctions." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 46, S2 (1996): 705–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02583660.

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29

Gunawidjaja, R., C. Jiang, H. Ko, and V. V. Tsukruk. "Freestanding 2D Arrays of Silver Nanorods." Advanced Materials 18, no. 21 (2006): 2895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200600540.

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30

Wu, Tao, Pengtao Zhang, Yiwen Li, Yangjun Gao, Chaoqi Fu, and Bo Feng. "DOA Tracking of Two-Dimensional Coherent Distribution Source Based on Fast Approximated Power Iteration." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 16, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3219516.

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Aiming at two-dimensional (2D) coherent distributed (CD) sources, this paper has proposed a direction of arrival (DOA) tracking algorithm based on signal subspace updating under the uniform rectangular array (URA). First, based on the hypothesis of small angular spreads of distributed sources, the rotating invariant relations of the signal subspace of the receive vector of URA are derived. An ESPRIT-like method is constructed for DOA estimation using two adjacent parallel linear arrays of URA. Through the synthesis of estimation by multiple groups of parallel linear arrays within URA arrays, t

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31

Ripka, Pavel, Diana Hrakova, Mehran Mirzaei, and Ondrej Kaman. "Apparent permeability of ordered magnetically soft nanowire arrays." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (2022): 035128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000316.

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Using the equivalent 2D model for finite element method (FEM) we calculated apparent permeability µa and demagnetization factor D for permalloy nanowire and microwire arrays. The simulation results were verified by 3D FEM for arrays up to 3000 wires and experimentally for very large arrays containing up to 40 million wires. We achieved µa = 3 to 33 and coercivities Hc = 1 to 9 kA/m, which are low values for wire arrays. The µa depends mainly on the array geometry; it can be increased by increasing the distance between wires (pitch) and the wire length-to-diameter ratio L/d.

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32

Xu, Lingyun, and Fangqing Wen. "Two-Dimensional Direction Finding Estimation for Uniform Rectangular Array with Unknown Mutual Coupling via Real-Valued PARAFAC Decomposition." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 03 (2019): 1950049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661950049x.

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Two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation for uniform rectangular array (URA) is a canonical problem with numerous applications, e.g., wireless communications, sonar and radar systems. The conventional 2D-DOA estimators usually are derived with the assumption of ideal arrays. However, in practice, the arrays may not be well calibrated and suffer from unknown mutual coupling. Using the conventional estimators may lead to low accuracy estimation and high computational complexity in the condition of large number of array elements. In this paper, a novel real-valued parallel factor

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33

Pan, Ping, Yangyang Hu, Guiling Zhang, Zhao-Di Yang, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "Hybrid nanobud-array structures (C24)n/MoS2and (C24V)n/MoS2: two-dimensional half metallic and ferromagnetic materials." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 13 (2018): 3373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00021b.

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Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid nanobud-array structures, (C<sub>24</sub>)<sub>n</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>and (C<sub>24</sub>V)<sub>n</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>, are designed by grafting (C<sub>24</sub>)<sub>n</sub>or (C<sub>24</sub>V)<sub>n</sub>fullerene arrays onto the surface of 2D monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>(ML-MoS<sub>2</sub>).

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Liu, Shujie, Philipp Kästner, Roland Donatiello, et al. "State-of-the-Art Materials Used in MEMS Micromirror Arrays for Photonic Applications." Photonics 11, no. 3 (2024): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030253.

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This work provides an overview on micromirror arrays based on different material systems such as dielectrics, element silicon, compound semiconductors, metals, and novel 2D materials. The goal is to work out the particular strength of each material system to enable optimum performance for various applications. In particular, this review is intended to draw attention to the fact that MEMS micro-mirrors can be successful in many other material systems besides silicon. In particular, the review is intended to draw attention to two material systems that have so far been used less for MEMS micromir

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Fries, David, and Geran Barton. "3D MICROSENSOR IMAGING ARRAYS NETWORKS." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (2015): 000348–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-ta33.

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2D microsensor arrays can permit spatial distribution measurements of the sensed parameter and enable high resolution sensing visualizations. Measuring constituents in a flowing media, such as air or liquid could benefit from such flow through or flow across imaging systems. These flow imagers can have applications in mobile robotics and non-visible imagery, and alternate mechanical systems of perception, process control and environmental observations. In order to create rigid-conformal, large area imaging systems we have in the past merged flexible PCB substrates with rigid constructions from

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36

Martínez-Graullera, Óscar, Júlio Cesar Eduardo de Souza, Montserrat Parrilla Romero, and Ricardo Tokio Higuti. "Design of 2D Planar Sparse Binned Arrays Based on the Coarray Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238018.

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The analysis of the beampattern is the base of sparse arrays design process. However, in the case of bidimensional arrays, this analysis has a high computational cost, turning the design process into a long and complex task. If the imaging system development is considered a holistic process, the aperture is a sampling grid that must be considered in the spatial domain through the coarray structure. Here, we propose to guide the aperture design process using statistical parameters of the distribution of the weights in the coarray. We have studied three designs of sparse matrix binned arrays wit

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de Souza, Júlio Cesar Eduardo, Montserrat Parrilla Romero, Ricardo Tokio Higuti, and Óscar Martínez-Graullera. "Design of Ultrasonic Synthetic Aperture Imaging Systems Based on a Non-Grid 2D Sparse Array." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238001.

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This work provides a guide to design ultrasonic synthetic aperture systems for non-grid two-dimensional sparse arrays such as spirals or annular segmented arrays. It presents an algorithm that identifies which elements have a more significant impact on the beampattern characteristics and uses this information to reduce the number of signals, the number of emitters and the number of parallel receiver channels involved in the beamforming process. Consequently, we can optimise the 3D synthetic aperture ultrasonic imaging system for a specific sparse array, reducing the computational cost, the har

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38

Touati, Amine, Samir Chatbouri, Nabil Sghaier, and Adel Kalboussi. "Theoretical Analysis and Characterization of Multi-Islands Single-Electron Devices with Applications." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/241214.

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A two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) multiple-tunnel junctions array is investigated. Device structure and electrical characteristics are described. We present a comparison of carriers transport through devices based on polymetallic grains based on master equation and the orthodox theory. The Coulomb blockade effect of 2D and 3D arrays is observed at low and high temperatures. The conduction mechanism is handled by the tunnel effect, and we adopt in addition the thermionic and Fowler-Nordheim emissions. Numerical simulation results focused on flash-memory and photodetector applications. Memo

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39

Osumeje, Joseph Orojah, Daniel Eshimiakhe, and Olufemi Felix Ojo. "Application of Different Electrode Array in Delineating Cassiterite Bearing Layer for A Two-Dimensional Tomography Survey Within Pingel Village of Bauchi State." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 2b (2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i2b.2.

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Electrical resistivity method consist of various arrays that had been successfully applied in mineral explorations. Three important electrode arrays in 2D imaging surveys were tested in this study by creating a tomography of the subsurface to determine which array is the most successful in defining the cassiterite bearing layer. These arrays are Wenner, Schlumberger and Dipole - dipole. The numerical modeling was created through vertical fracture zone and correlated with a representative lithology of the area produced by using tape to measure depths to different lithology at an exposed mining

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40

Mofakhami, Darius, Benjamin Seznec, Romaric Landfried, Philippe Teste, Philippe Dessante, and Tiberiu Minea. "A fast-modeling algorithm to predict the thermo-field emission and thermal stability of field emitter arrays." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 24 (2022): 243302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116717.

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In the last decades, numerical simulation has become a precious tool to assist the design and study of electron sources based on regular arrays of field emitters. Simulations of field emitter arrays (FEAs) require 3D treatment to account for the interactions between neighbor emitters. Therefore, modeling the thermal evolution of FEAs involves high computational resources due to the multi-physics approach and time dependency. The present paper proposes an algorithm which gives a fast prediction of the self-heating of a large array of [Formula: see text] axisymmetric field emitters. It consists

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41

Denisov, A. A., C. M. Shakarji, B. B. Lawford, R. G. Maev, and J. M. Paille. "Spot weld analysis with 2D ultrasonic Arrays." Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 109, no. 2 (2004): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.109.015.

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42

Ma, Chun-Sheng, Xin Yan, and Xian-Yin Wang. "Matrix analysis of 2D microring resonator arrays." Journal of Modern Optics 55, no. 1 (2008): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340701322188.

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43

Wiesenfeld, Kurt, Adam S. Landsberg, and Giovanni Filatrella. "Linewidth calculation for bare 2D Josephson arrays." Physics Letters A 233, no. 4-6 (1997): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(97)00470-2.

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44

Haghighi, Nasibeh, Philip Moser, Martin Zorn, and James A. Lott. "19-Element 2D Top-Emitting VCSEL Arrays." Journal of Lightwave Technology 39, no. 1 (2021): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2020.3023709.

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45

Rybczynski, J., U. Ebels, and M. Giersig. "Large-scale, 2D arrays of magnetic nanoparticles." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 219, no. 1-3 (2003): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00011-6.

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46

Lin, C. H., L. Jiang, Y. H. Chai, H. Xiao, S. J. Chen, and H. L. Tsai. "A method to fabricate 2D nanoparticle arrays." Applied Physics A 98, no. 4 (2010): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-5552-0.

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47

Henry, Claude R. "2D-Arrays of Nanoparticles as Model Catalysts." Catalysis Letters 145, no. 3 (2014): 731–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1402-6.

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48

Gong, Chuanhui, Kai Hu, Xuepeng Wang, et al. "2D Nanomaterial Arrays for Electronics and Optoelectronics." Advanced Functional Materials 28, no. 16 (2018): 1706559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201706559.

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49

BASOV, N. G., Yu M. POPOV, V. V. BEZOTOSNY, and Kh Kh KUMYKOV. "2D high power laser diode arrays for solid-state laser driver inertial fusion energy project." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 3 (1999): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699173105.

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2D arrays of laser diodes were developed and investigated under QCW operating conditions. Output power and energy density up to 1 kW/cm2 and 0.45 J/cm2 (at pulse duration 0.5 ms) were measured at the wavelength 810 nm. The spectral composition of radiation, shape of the output pulses, and far-field and near-field radiation zones were examined under various pumping parameters. The kinetics of the temperature profiles in monolithic QCW AlGaAs/GaAs linear bars and 2D arrays, emitting at the wavelength 810 nm was modeled numerically. Quasi-CW and CW operation under various pump parameters were con

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50

Fokin, G. A., and I. V. Grishin. "Evaluation of the Influence of the Spatial Smoothing Procedure of the Correlation Matrix on the Efficiency of the 2D-MUSIC Method." Herald of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Science 18, no. 1 (2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.55648/1998-6920-2024-18-1-91-108.

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The occurrence of correlations between radio signals arriving at the antenna array of the base station reduces the effectiveness of subspace methods for positioning user devices in wireless communication networks. For the purpose of radiation sources decorrelation, a spatial smoothing algorithm can be applied dividing the base station antenna array into sub-arrays and then averaging the signal correlation matrices obtained for these sub-arrays. In this paper, we investigate the impact of various ways of dividing a flat equidistant antenna array into subarrays on the performance of the 2D-MUSIC

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