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Mozumder, M. S. I., M. M. Rahman, M. A. Rashid, M. A. Islam y M. E. Haque. "Preparation and Preliminary Study on Irradiated and Thermally Treated Polypropylene (PP) - Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Composite". Journal of Scientific Research 3, n.º 3 (28 de agosto de 2011): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i3.3288.
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The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (ES) of non-irradiated (thermally treated) and irradiated Polypropylene (PP) - styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were studied. The content of SBR (mass %) on PP and radiation dose play an important role on tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PP-SBR composites. Tensile strength (TS) decreased markedly on increasing the SBR content on PP and even on exposing to radiation. The elastic modulus (EM) of PP-SBR composite has a tendency to increase with radiation dose and aging time but decreases with SBR loading. The water uptakes increase with SBR loading which accelerate with aging.Keywords: Polypropylene; Styrene butadiene rubber; Tensile strength; Elastic modulus.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.3288 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 481-489 (2011)
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Wijnsma, Uzume Z. "“And in the fourth year Egypt rebelled ...” The Chronology of and Sources for Egypt’s Second Revolt (ca. 487–484 BC)". Journal of Ancient History 7, n.º 1 (26 de mayo de 2019): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jah-2018-0023.
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Abstract Scholars continue to give different dates for Egypt’s second revolt against the Persians: Classicists generally date the revolt to 487–485 or 487/486–485/484 BC; Egyptologists and historians of the Achaemenid Empire generally date it to 486–485/484; while some scholars date it to 486/485–485/484. Such chronological differences may sound small, but they have important consequences for the way the rebellion is understood. The purpose of the present article is therefore twofold: first, it aims to clarify what we can and cannot know about the rebellion’s exact chronology. After a review of the relevant evidence, it will be argued that the best chronological framework for the rebellion remains the one provided by Herodotus’s Histories, which places the rebellion in ca. 487–484. Second, the article will show how this chronology influences our understanding of the geographical extent and social impact of the rebellion. The adoption of Herodotus’s chronological framework, for example, results in a larger number of Egyptian sources that can be connected to the period of revolt than was previously recognized. These sources, it will be argued, suggest that some people in the country remained loyal to the Persian regime while others were already fighting against it. Moreover, they indicate that the revolt reached Upper Egypt and that it may have affected the important city of Thebes.
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Gordon, Cameron. "Economics Evolving: A History of Economic Thought, by A. Sandmo (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2011), pp. 489." Economic Record 89, n.º 284 (25 de febrero de 2013): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12024.
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Aldridge, Robert W., Andrew C. Hayward, Sara Hemming, Susan K. Yates, Gloria Ferenando, Lucia Possas, Elizabeth Garber et al. "High prevalence of latent tuberculosis and bloodborne virus infection in a homeless population". Thorax 73, n.º 6 (29 de enero de 2018): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209579.
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IntroductionUrban homeless populations in the UK have been shown to have high rates of active tuberculosis, but less is known about the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LTBI among individuals using homeless hostels in London.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey with outcome follow-up in homeless hostels in London. Our primary outcome was prevalence of LTBI. Recruitment for the study took place between May 2011 and June 2013. To estimate an LTBI prevalence of 10% with 95% CIs between 8% and 13%, we required 500 participants.Results491/804 (61.1%) individuals agreed to be screened. The prevalence of LTBI was 16.5% (81/491; 95% CI 13.2 to 19.8). In UK-born individuals, a history of incarceration was associated with increased risk of LTBI (OR 3.49; 95% CI 1.10 to 11.04; P=0.018) after adjusting for age, length of time spent homeless and illicit drug use. Of the three subjects who met English treatment guidelines for LTBI at the time of the study, none engaged with services after referral for treatment. Prevalence of past hepatitis B infection was 10.4% (51/489; 95% CI 7.7 to 13.1), and 59.5% (291/489; 95% CI 55.1 to 63.9) of individuals were non-immune. Prevalence of current hepatitis C infection was 10.4% (51/489; 95% CI 7.8 to 13.1).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the high prevalence of LTBI in homeless people in London and the associated poor engagement with care. There is a large unmet need for LTBI and hepatitis C infection treatment, and hepatitis B vaccination, in this group.
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Paul, Sujan Chandra, Md Arif Hosen, Jyotirmay Biswas y Shahadat Hossain. "Primary education and its impact on literacy rate: A division wise comparative study of Bangladesh". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, n.º 4 (14 de junio de 2021): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i4.1186.
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This study investigates the impact of a number of educational institutions and students per teacher on the literacy rate. Data of 489 Upazilasrelating to the dependent (literacy rate) and independent variables (no. of educational institutions and students per teacher of different types of primary and equivalent educational institutions) of 8 Divisions were collected from District Statistics 2011 of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used in this study. This research found that a number of government primary schools had a significant positive relationship with the literacy rate in Barishal, Chittagong, Khulna, and Mymensingh Divisions.
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Warner, Ellen, Siqi Zhu, Donald B. Plewes, Kimberley Hill, Elizabeth A. Ramsay, Petrina A. Causer, Jean Seely et al. "Breast Cancer Mortality among Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Plus Mammography Screening Program". Cancers 12, n.º 11 (23 de noviembre de 2020): 3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113479.
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Annual breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plus mammography is the standard of care for screening women with inherited BRCA1/2 mutations. However, long-term breast cancer-related mortality with screening is unknown. Between 1997 and June 2011, 489 previously unaffected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers aged 25 to 65 years were screened with annual MRI plus mammography on our study. Thereafter, participants were eligible to continue MRI screening through the high-risk Ontario Breast Screening Program. In 2019, our data were linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry of Cancer Care Ontario to identify all incident cancers, vital status and causes of death. Observed breast cancer mortality was compared to expected mortality for age-matched women in the general population. There were 91 women diagnosed with breast cancer (72 invasive and 19 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)) with median follow-up 7.4 (range: 0.1 to 19.2) years. Four deaths from breast cancer were observed, compared to 2.0 deaths expected (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 2.0, p = 0.14). For the 489 women in the study, the probability of not dying of breast cancer at 20 years from the date of the first MRI was 98.2%. Annual screening with MRI plus mammography is a reasonable option for women who decline or defer risk-reducing mastectomy.
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Saleh, Ramadan, Essam Nada, Ahmed F. Hamed y Wesam M. Hussien. "Epidemiologic Trends of Viral Skin Infections in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study". Dermatology Research and Practice 2019 (27 de marzo de 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5469726.
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Viral skin infections (VSIs) were ranked among the top 50 prevalent diseases in 2010. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiologic features of VSIs in patients attending a dermatology clinic in Egypt from June 2010 to May 2011. Patient’s residence, occupation, housing data, and family history of similar conditions were recorded. Categorical data were recorded as frequencies and percentages and were compared by Chi square test. P value < 0.05 was significant. Diagnosis of VSIs was made in 1000/20322 (4.9%) patients. Out of the 1000 patients with VSIs, 580 (58.0%) were residents of rural areas and 420 (42.0%) were residents of urban areas (p = 0.02). Out of the 1000 patients, 489 (48.9%) were females and 511 (51.1%) were males (p = 0.25). The breakdown of 1000 patients with VSIs indicated diagnosis of viral warts in 673 (67.3%), chickenpox (CP) in 200 (20.0%), herpes simplex (HS) facialis in 50 (5.0%), herpes zoster (HZ) in 42 (4.2%), molluscum contagiosum (MC) in 27 (2.7%.0), and anogenital warts in 8 (0.8%) cases. Overcrowding (sharing a bedroom by more than 3 persons) was recorded in 652/1000 (65.2%) of the patients with VSIs [165/200 (82.5.3%) in CP, 36/50 (72%) in HS facials, 427/673 (63.4%) in viral warts, 14/27 (51.9%) in MC, and 10/42 (23.8%) in HZ]. Family history of a similar condition was positive in 329/1000 (32.9%) of the patients with VSIs [142/200 (71.0%) in CP, 177/673 (26.3%) in viral warts, 5/27 (18.5%) in MC, and 4/50 (8%) in HS facialis]. In conclusion, viral warts and CP were the commonest VSIs diagnosed in patients who attended a dermatology clinic in Egypt. Viral skin infections were more prevalent among patients who lived in rural areas and under crowded conditions. These data may have important public health implications particularly in developing countries.
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Broulik, P. D., A. Brouliková, S. Adámek, P. Libanský, J. Tvrdoň, K. Broulikova y J. Kubinyi. "Improvement of Hypertension after Parathyroidectomy of Patients Suffering from Primary Hyperparathyroidism". International Journal of Endocrinology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/309068.
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Background. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common endocrine conditions and is accompanied by hypertension and increased cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of parathyroidectomy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients with PHPT and whether hypertension occurs more frequently in PHPT than in control group.Methods. A total of 1020 patients with proved PHPT who underwent surgery were compared with with 1020 age, sex, BMI, and smoking status matched controls. We evaluated changes in serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), uric acid, and BP before and 6 months after surgery.Results. Parathyroidectomy corrected PHPT and resulted in a substantial fall in both mean systolic (150±3.8to138±3.6 mmHg) and mean diastolic pressures (97±3to88±2.8 mmHg) of the hypertensive subjects;P<.01. In these patients, PTH, calcium, and uric acid normalized. 726 patients from 1020 with PHPT (69.8%) were found to be hypertensive whilst only 489 (47.8%) from 1020 of our control group.Conclusion. Parathyroidectomy in hypertensive patients reduces systolic and diastolic BP. PHPT is accompanied by a variety of metabolic complications, which are a risk factor for hypertension, and parathyroidectomy can improve these metabolic complications.
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Garrido, María Clara. "Las agencias estatales de naturaleza especial en Colombia". Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo, n.º 17 (21 de enero de 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/21452946.n17.13.
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Con la más reciente reforma a la estructura de la administración pública colombiana del orden nacional se propaga entre 2011 y 2013 la figura de la “agencia nacional”, término con el que se denomina a una serie de organismos administrativos que estarían orientados al logro de resultados y a la eficaz utilización de los recursos públicos. Dentro de las agencias creadas aparecen aquellas “estatales de naturaleza especial” como unidades de servicios de la administración, con las que se pretendía contar con estructuras diferentes, que estuvieran caracterizadas por una especialidad y tecnicidad. A partir de una comparación que abarca aspectos orgánicos y funcionales se buscó determinar si realmente las agencias estatales de naturaleza especial constituyen una tipología de órganos distinta de los organismos y entidades contemplados en la Ley 489 de 1998.
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Tapia Guillen, Franco Ernesto, Jazmin Carbajal Avila, Carmelo Castellanos Meza y Blanca Estela López Ruiz. "Parque nacional el Veladero una reflexión de su vulnerabilidad". Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 7, n.º 1 (22 de marzo de 2023): 10344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i1.5218.
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El parque nacional El Veladero es un área natural protegida en el municipio de Acapulco de Juárez Guerrero, México. La presente reflexión obedeció a una investigación de tipo básica descriptiva, con enfoque mixto; cualitativamente se analizaron los factores sociales que llevaron a la invasión de terrenos en el área protegida y de forma cuantitativa para comparar estadísticamente el impacto al ambiente. De 1980 al 2011 se perdió el 13.52 por ciento de la extensión de su área, debido a las invasiones, conformadas por 489 hectáreas que representan 13 polígonos. Es innegable la degradación y pérdida de gran parte de su ecosistema, así como la vulnerabilidad de los asentamientos irregulares. Se requiere una coordinada participación de los actores sociales, a través de las autoridades municipales para detener la invasión, garantizar su restauración y conservación.
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Garrido, María Clara. "Las agencias estatales de naturaleza especial en Colombia - II". Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo, n.º 18 (30 de junio de 2017): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/21452946.n18.07.
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Con la más reciente reforma a la estructura de la administración pública colombiana del orden nacional se propaga entre 2011 y 2013 la figura de la “agencia nacional”, término con el que se denomina a una serie de organismos administrativos que, bajo un modelo de gestión, estarían orientados al logro de resultados y a la eficaz utilización de los recursos públicos. Dentro de las agencias creadas aparecen aquellas “estatales de naturaleza especial” como unidades de servicios de la administración, con las que se pretendía contar con estructuras diferentes, caracterizadas por la especialidad y tecnicidad. A partir de una comparación que abarca aspectos orgánicos y funcionales, la presente investigación busca determinar si realmente las agencias estatales de naturaleza especial constituyen una tipología de órganos distinta de los organismos y entidades contemplados en la Ley 489 de 1998.
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Mansoor, Nafisa Awadh. "The patterns and age distribution of breast cancer in South Yemen". University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 21, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2017): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2017.n2.a14.
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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy type diagnosed in women in developed countries and the second most common type diagnosed in developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of breast cancer, to correlate the age distribution with the histological subtypes, and to compare our study with other geographic regions. It is a retrospective study, the data were collected from the records of the cancer Registration Center including 489 breast cancer patients during 10 years from(2002-2011). The most common subtype of breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma (88.1%), followed by invasive lobular carcinoma (7.0%). The mean age of the patients with breast cancer was 49.5 ± 10.7, the common age group was (63.0%) between 30-50. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the commonest histological subtype affecting young to middle age group, while invasive lobular carcinoma is the commonest histological subtype affecting older age group.
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Lampa, Roberto. "Agnar Sandmo, Economics Evolving. A History of Economic Thought (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2011), pp. vii, 489, $45.00. ISBN 978-0-691-14842-7". Journal of the History of Economic Thought 34, n.º 2 (junio de 2012): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837212000272.
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Cahill, Gary. "A low cost and simple webcam spectrometer for exploring the visible wavelengths of light". Physics Education 59, n.º 5 (8 de julio de 2024): 053001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ad5d45.
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Abstract This paper presents a method for constructing a simple, cost-effective, and versatile spectrometer using readily available materials such as a basic webcam, a DVD, tin foil, a cardboard tube, and a microphone boom arm. Building upon previous designs (Widiatmoko et al 2011 Phys. Educ. 46 332, Lorenz 2014 Am. J. Phys. 82 169–73, Rodrigues et al 2016 Phys. Educ. 51 014002, Likith et al 2021 J. Opt. 50 489–94), this spectrometer is mounted on a microphone boom arm, enhancing flexibility in capturing spectra from various angles and distant light sources. The spectrometer, coupled with Theremino Spectrometer V3.1 software, achieves sufficient resolution to measure solar Fraunhofer lines and closely spaced Mercury double lines at 436 nm and 577 nm. The procedure for assembling the spectrometer is detailed, including calibration using a Mercury CFL lamp or phone screens. Results demonstrate the spectrometer’s capability to capture high-resolution spectra of the blue sky and light sources, identifying significant spectral lines. This DIY spectrometer offers an accessible tool for amateur scientists and educators to explore visible light spectra, facilitating both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Also, through measuring the light from phone screens work, perception of colour can be explored.
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Mugoya, George C. T., Tricia Witte, Anneliese Bolland, Sara Tomek, Lisa M. Hooper, John Bolland y Safiya George Dalmida. "Depression and Intimate Partner Violence Among African American Women Living in Impoverished Inner-City Neighborhoods". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, n.º 3-4 (13 de febrero de 2017): 899–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517691519.
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Mental health correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization including negative physical and mental health outcomes are well documented. However, certain subgroups of African American women, such as those living in impoverished, urban communities, are underrepresented in most studies and may experience IPV at higher rates. Furthermore, the circumstances of this women including poverty makes them at risk to IPV and its consequences. The present study estimated the prevalence of IPV victimization and its association with depression in a sample of low-income African American women participating in the Mobile Youth and Poverty Study. Participants in this study were caregivers of adolescents living in extremely impoverished conditions and were part of the Mobile Youth Survey, a community-based, longitudinal, multiple cohort survey conducted between the years 1998 and 2011. Data for the current study were collected between the years 2001 and 2010. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D). The independent variable was IPV measured using a subsample of items from the Conflict Tactics Scale. Nearly three quarters (73.6%, n = 489) of the sample experienced some form of IPV and 49.1% ( n = 326) had a CES-D depression score of 16 or greater indicating mild to severe depression symptoms. The highest proportion of women who met the CES-D criteria for depression were those experiencing the most severe IPV irrespective of category (i.e., physical, psychological, or combined). Logistic regression analyses showed that women reporting the most severe abuse, irrespective of category, were significantly more likely to meet the CES-D criteria for depression. In addition, low education and receipt of economic assistance were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The combination of poor economic conditions and IPV may predispose African American women living in impoverished, urban communities to mental health outcomes such as depression.
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AMPARO, ELENA y C. RYAN VINROOT. "ON THE NUMBER OF REAL CLASSES IN THE FINITE PROJECTIVE LINEAR AND UNITARY GROUPS". Glasgow Mathematical Journal 62, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2019): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089518000551.
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AbstractWe show that for any n and q, the number of real conjugacy classes in $ \rm{PGL}(\it{n},\mathbb{F}_q) $ is equal to the number of real conjugacy classes of $ \rm{GL}(\it{n},\mathbb{F}_q) $ which are contained in $ \rm{SL}(\it{n},\mathbb{F}_q) $, refining a result of Lehrer [J. Algebra36(2) (1975), 278–286] and extending the result of Gill and Singh [J. Group Theory14(3) (2011), 461–489] that this holds when n is odd or q is even. Further, we show that this quantity is equal to the number of real conjugacy classes in $ \rm{PGU}(\it{n},\mathbb{F}_q) $, and equal to the number of real conjugacy classes of $ \rm{U}(\it{n},\mathbb{F}_q) $ which are contained in $ \rm{SU}(\it{n},\mathbb{F}_q) $, refining results of Gow [Linear Algebra Appl.41 (1981), 175–181] and Macdonald [Bull. Austral. Math. Soc.23(1) (1981), 23–48]. We also give a generating function for this common quantity.
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Gao, Fei, Hyung-Wook Kim, Miki Igarashi, Dale Kiesewetter, Lisa Chang, Kaizong Ma y Stanley I. Rapoport. "Retraction notice to “Liver conversion of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids from their 18-carbon precursors in rats on a DHA-free but α-LNA-containing n−3 PUFA adequate diet” [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1811 (2011) 484–489]". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1851, n.º 2 (febrero de 2015): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.009.
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Wirz, Sebastian A., Claudine A. Blum, Philipp Schuetz, Werner C. Albrich, Christoph Noppen, Beat Mueller, Mirjam Christ-Crain y Philip E. Tarr. "Pathogen- and antibiotic-specific effects of prednisone in community-acquired pneumonia". European Respiratory Journal 48, n.º 4 (28 de julio de 2016): 1150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00474-2016.
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In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we demonstrated shorter time to clinical stability (TTCS) with adjunct corticosteroid therapy compared with placebo.We did a pre-planned, exploratory analysis of any association between microbiological diagnosis, antibiotic treatment and procalcitonin level and effect of prednisone on TTCS, mortality, and CAP complications (n=726 participants, enrolled between December 2009 and May 2014). Multiplex viral real time PCR was systematically performed in nasopharyngeal swabs beginning November 2011 (n=489). Other investigations and treatments were at the discretion of the physician. Effect modification was tested with inclusion of interaction terms in the statistical models.Reduced TTCS with prednisone was seen in all microbiological, antibiotic, procalcitonin and afebrile patient subgroups. We found evidence for a different prednisone response in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia in whom intravenous antibiotic duration was not shorter (interaction p=0.01) with prednisone, as was observed in the remaining study population. In patients without macrolide treatment, rehospitalisations were not lower with prednisone (interaction p=0.04). After adjustment for multiple testing, these subgroup effects were no longer significant.Prednisone was associated with shorter TTCS independent of CAP aetiology. In pneumococcal pneumonia, prednisone effects on secondary endpoints may be less favourable.
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Çilenti, Katja, Shadia Rask, Marko Elovainio, Eero Lilja, Hannamaria Kuusio, Seppo Koskinen, Päivikki Koponen y Anu E. Castaneda. "Use of Health Services and Unmet Need among Adults of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish Origin in Finland". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 5 (24 de febrero de 2021): 2229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052229.
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Equal access to health care is one of the key policy priorities in many European societies. Previous findings suggest that there may be wide differences in the use of health services between people of migrant origin and the general population. We analyzed cross-sectional data from a random sample of persons of Russian (n = 692), Somali (n = 489), and Kurdish (n = 614) origin and the Health 2011 survey data (n = 1406) representing the general population in Finland. Having at least one outpatient visit to any medical doctor during the previous 12 months was at the same level for groups of Russian and Kurdish origin, but lower for people of Somali origin, compared with the general population. Clear differences were found when examining where health care services were sought: people of migrant origin predominantly visited a doctor at municipal health centers whereas the general population also used private and occupational health care. Self-reported need for doctor’s treatment was especially high among Russian women and Kurdish men and women. Compared to the general population, all migrant origin groups reported much higher levels of unmet medical need and were less satisfied with the treatment they had received. Improving basic-level health services would serve besides the population at large, the wellbeing of the population of migrant origin.
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Pulakka, Anna, Jaana I. Halonen, Jaana Pentti, Mika Kivimäki, Jussi Vahtera y Sari Stenholm. "Changes in Smoking During Retirement Transition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, n.º 8 (10 de octubre de 2018): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818804408.
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Aims: We examined the effect of retirement transition on changes in smoking, identified trajectories of smoking around the retirement transition, and investigated factors predicting the membership in the trajectories. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 1,432 current or former smokers who entered into statutory retirement in 2000–2011 and who filled out two to four questionnaires sent at four-year intervals. Effect of retirement on smoking was analysed as a non-randomized pseudo-trial in which we compared the likelihood of quitting and relapsing smoking between two subsequent survey waves among those who retired and did not retire. We used latent class analysis to identify trajectories of smoking status and smoking intensity (low: <10 cigarettes/day or high: ⩾10 cigarettes/day), and multinomial logistic regression models to assess pre-retirement factors associated with smoking trajectories. Results: Retirement transition was associated with 1.7-fold odds of quitting smoking (95% confidence intervals 1.3−2.2) compared with no retirement transition. We identified three smoking status trajectories: ‘sustained non-smoking’ (61% of the participants), ‘sustained smoking’ (23%) and ‘decreasing smoking’ (16%). For 489 baseline smokers, we identified three smoking intensity trajectories: ‘sustained high intensity smoking’ (32% of the participants), ‘sustained low intensity smoking’ (32%) and ‘decreasing high intensity smoking’ (35%). Living outside an inner urban area predicted membership in the ‘decreasing smoking’ versus ‘sustained smoking’ trajectory. Conclusions: Smokers are more likely to quit smoking during transition to retirement than before or after it. Characteristics of the smoking environment may affect smoking behaviour around retirement.
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McGregor, Margaret J., J. Mark FitzGerald, Robert J. Reid, Adrian R. Levy, Michael Schulzer, David Jung, Horacio E. Groshaus y Michelle B. Cox. "Determinants of Hospital Length of Stay among Patients with Pneumonia Admitted to a Large Canadian Hospital from 1991 to 2001". Canadian Respiratory Journal 12, n.º 7 (2005): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/628367.
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BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a common reason for hospital admission, and the cost of treatment is primarily determined by length of stay (LOS).OBJECTIVES: To explore the changes to and determinants of hospital LOS for patients admitted for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia over a decade of acute hospital downsizing.METHODS: Data were extracted from the database of Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, on patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 481.xx, 482.xx, 483.xx, 485.xx and 486.xx) from January 1, 1991 to March 31, 2001. The effects of sociodemographic factors, the specialty of the admitting physician (family practice versus specialist), admission from and/or discharge to a long-term care facility (nursing home) and year of admission, adjusted for comorbidity, illness severity measures and other potential confounders were examined. Longitudinal changes in these factors over the 10-year period were also investigated.RESULTS: The study population (n=2495) had a median age of 73 years, 53% were male and the median LOS was six days. Adjusted LOS was longer for women (10% increase, 95% CI 3 to 16), increasing age group (7% increase, 95% CI 4 to 10), admission under a family physician versus specialist (42% increase, 95% CI 32 to 52) and admission from home with subsequent discharge to a long-term care facility (75% increase, 95% CI 47 to 108). Adjusted hospital LOS decreased by an estimated 2% (95% CI 1 to 3) per annum. The mean age at admission and the proportion admitted from long-term care facilities both increased significantly over the decade (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the management of hospitalized patients with pneumonia changed substantially between 1991 and 2001. The interface of long-term care facilities with acute care would be an important future area to explore potential efficiencies in caring for patients with pneumonia.
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Cunningham, Nicola, Susannah Jane Stanway, Theresa Wiseman, Claire Taylor, Jillian Louise Noble y Natalie Doyle. "Living with and beyond cancer: What can be achieved by multi-organization collaboration." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 5_suppl (10 de febrero de 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.59.
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59 Background: The London Cancer Alliance (LCA), created in 2011, is an integrated cancer system consisting of 14 NHS organisations serving a population of 5.7 million. The multi-professional Survivorship Pathway Group has 18 members including a service user. The purpose of the group is to provide expert clinical leadership for the development and implementation of the pathways to imbed the Recovery Package (Holistic needs assessment (HNA)/care plan, treatment summaries, health and well-being events, cancer care reviews), treatment and management of the consequences of cancer into standard practice of cancer care. Methods: Data is collected quarterly for each NHS organisations’- HNA and care plan, treatment summaries, health and well-being events against defined metrics. Data Collection is in its fourth year. To support the implementation, guidelines have been developed, support and information provided and educational fora run. Results: The number of HNAs completed within 31 days of diagnosis from 487 to 2646 (an increase of 543%) and for HNAs completed within 6 weeks of completing treatment from 185 to 905 (an increase of 489%) (RM Partners Overall 2016) since Q2 2013/14 until Q2 2015/16. The group have mapped service availability across the LCA and developed robust survivorship pathways for lymphedema, complementary services, sexual consequences, GI consequences, onco-fertility, allied health professional rehabilitation and health and wellbeing events. Guidelines have also been developed and published on survivorship, lymphoedema, health and well-being events, gastro-intestinal and sexual consequences, complementary therapies, developing patient information leaflets, gaining patient and carer feedback. Furthermore, over 15 fora have been run on diverse topics. Conclusions: Collaborative working across London organisations has proved to be feasible and productive. The impact of the group has been demonstrated through the significant uptake in implementation of the Recovery Package. Future directions include an improvement in collection of HCP agreed data sets, the embedding of treatment summary templates into Trust cancer data systems, and further role out of electronic HNA.
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Hacke, Daniela, Jürgen Clausen, Ton Nicolai, David S. Riley, Peter Fisher y Robert T. Mathie. "Randomised controlled trials of homeopathy in humans: characterising the research journal literature for systematic review". Homeopathy 102, n.º 01 (enero de 2013): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2012.10.002.
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Introduction: A new programme of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in homeopathy will distinguish important attributes of RCT records, including: placebo controlled versus other-than-placebo (OTP) controlled; individualised versus non-individualised homeopathy; peer-reviewed (PR) versus non peer-reviewed (NPR) sources. Aims: (a) To outline the methods used to search and categorise the RCT literature; (b) to report details of the records retrieved; (c) to compare our retrieved records with those reported in two previous systematic reviews (Linde et al., 1997; Shang et al., 2005). Methods: Ten major electronic databases were searched for records published up to the end of 2011. A record was accepted for subsequent systematic review if it was a substantive report of a clinical trial of homeopathic treatment or prophylaxis in humans, randomised and controlled, and published in a PR or NPR journal. Results: 489 records were potentially eligible: 226 were rejected as non-journal, minor or repeat publications, or lacking randomisation and/or controls and/or a ‘homeopathic’ intervention; 263 (164 PR, 99 NPR) were acceptable for systematic review. The 263 accepted records comprised 217 (137 PR, 80 NPR) placebo-controlled RCTs, of which 121 were included by, 66 were published after, and 30 were potentially eligible for, but not listed by, Linde or Shang. The 137 PR records of placebo-controlled RCTs comprise 41 on individualised homeopathy and 96 on non-individualised homeopathy. Conclusion: Our findings clarify the RCT literature in homeopathy. The 263 accepted journal papers will be the basis for our forthcoming programme of systematic reviews.
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Dallman, Johnathan, Jack Ayres, Jack Nolte, Brian Everist, Jamie Crist, Luke Frager, John Sojka, Radu Malancea y Archie Heddings. "Acetabular Fracture Outcomes and Complications: An International Comparison". Kansas Journal of Medicine 17, n.º 2 (26 de abril de 2024): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol17.20276.
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Introduction While there have been many technological advances in the treatment of acetabular fractures since the landmark article by Judet and Letournel, the effectiveness of many of these advances have not been definitively determined. Comparing patient outcomes between two countries with differing amounts of technological resources may identify the efficacy of such resources. Methods This study retrospectively compared 489 patients (373 US, 116 Romania) who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for acetabular fracture(s) in a Romanian trauma center and a United States (US) trauma center between February 2011 and August 2018. Results US patients had a higher rate for the following comorbidities: diabetes (p=.0268), obesity (p<.0001), and hypertension (p<.0001). US patients had a significantly shorter pre-op delay (p<.0001). Matta’s criteria for initial quality of reduction did not vary significantly between countries (p=.1101). No significant difference was found in rates of DVT (p=.0722), postoperative infections (p=.2819), sciatic nerve lesions (p=.9999), or loss of reduction (p=.9999). US patients had significantly higher Brooker criteria scores for heterotopic ossification (p<.0001). Conclusions There were no significant differences in outcomes between US and Romanian patients even though US patients received treatment using the latest technology while Romanian patients were treated using substantially fewer resources. Given that technological advances in surgical technique come at a considerable price, it makes sense to build upon this study to gain a more precise understanding of how these advances improve outcomes for patients, and whether or not they are worth the added cost.
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Aslam, Saadia, Michalis A. Patsalides, Svetlana Stoma, Aseel Alfuhied, Christopher P. Nelson, Iain B. Squire, Claire A. Lawson, Kamlesh Khunti, Gerry P. McCann y Anvesha Singh. "Aortic valve intervention rates in patients of different ethnicity with severe aortic stenosis in Leicestershire, UK". Open Heart 10, n.º 1 (mayo de 2023): e002266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2023-002266.
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ObjectivesTo explore the ethnic differences in patients undergoing aortic valve (AV) intervention for severe aortic stenosis (AS) in Leicestershire, UK.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at a single tertiary centre between April 2017 and March 2022, using local registry data.ResultsOf the 1231 SAVR and 815 TAVI performed, 6.5% and 3.7% were in ethnic minority patients, respectively. Based on the 2011 Census data for those with a Leicestershire postcode, crude cumulative rate of SAVR (n=489) was 0.64 per 1000 population overall and 0.69, 0.46 and 0.36 in White, Asian and Black populations, respectively; and 0.50 per 1000 population overall for TAVI (n=383), with 0.59, 0.16 and 0.06 for White, Asian and Black populations, respectively. Asians undergoing SAVR and TAVI were 5 and 3 years younger, respectively, than white patients with more comorbidities and a worse functional status.The age-adjusted cumulative rates for SAVR were 0.62 vs 0.72 per 1000 population for White and Asian patients and 0.51 vs 0.39 for TAVI. Asians were less likely to undergo SAVR and TAVI than White patients, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.66 (0.50–0.87) and 0.27 (0.18–0.43), respectively, but the age-adjusted RR was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe crude rates of AV interventions are lower in Asian patients compared with the White population in Leicestershire, although age-adjusted rates were not statistically different. Further research to determine the sociodemographic differences in prevalence, incidence, mechanisms and treatment of AS across the UK is required.
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Cárdenas Cárdenas, Roberto Mauricio. "Repositorio de Arquitectura Empresarial del Gobierno (GEAR). Un Estado abierto, soportado en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC)". INVENTUM 15, n.º 28 (29 de septiembre de 2020): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto.inventum.15.28.2020.64-75.
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En el presente artículo se aborda el trabajo de investigación diseño e implementación de modelos orientados hacia el máximo aprovechamiento de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el contexto de la construcción de un estado abierto, eficiente, transparente, y participativo, que permita la prestación de servicios colaborativos para la comunidad.
Estos modelos se diseñan de acuerdo con los lineamientos de la administración pública, en términos del artículo 39 de la Ley 489 de 1998 y enmarcadas en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND) y los programas transversales de la gestión pública. Para este caso se trata de profundizar en el campo de la arquitectura empresarial (AE) como uno de los instrumentos que posibilita la puesta en marcha de proyectos soportados en TIC en Colombia.
Se considera la arquitectura empresarial (AE) como uno de los principales elementos estratégicos, cuyo fundamento teórico y operativo hace parte del análisis integral de las entidades gubernamentales, desde diferentes perspectivas y dimensiones, estas miradas críticas de las instituciones constituyen el insumo para poder realizar diagnósticos – pronósticos capaces de generar propuestas y alternativas que contribuyan a la transformación y modernización de las instituciones con base en el uso y la apropiación de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC).
Para el logro de los objetivos de implementación de las TIC y su aplicación en el campo de administración y la gobernanza, es fundamental partir del Marco de Referencia de AE para la gestión de tecnologías, aquí se trata de establecer un modelo de referencia para ser implementado como estructura orientadora de la arquitectura empresarial (AE). El
marco de referencia o marco teórico, sobre la base de la estructura conceptual, consiste en la definición de los lineamientos sobre las prácticas significativas (memorables, significativas), que se han realizado con base en la utilización e implementación de las AE en el contexto de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC).
El Repositorio de Arquitectura Empresarial del Gobierno (GEAR), se ha destacado por ser una de las estrategias de gobernabilidad en línea; este se soporta legalmente en el artículo 209 de la Constitución Política, el 3º de la Ley 489 de 1998 y 3º de la Ley 1437 de 2011, que establece los parámetros para la prestación de servicio de alta calidad, sobre la estrategia de la reutilización de datos públicos, su tratamiento y estandarización, lo mismo que su neutralidad, innovación y colaboración. Los fundamentos de la estrategia son desarrollados a partir de 4 componentes que facilitarán la masificación de la oferta y la demanda de Gobierno en línea. Estos son, TIC para servicios, TIC para el Gobierno abierto, TIC para la gestión y seguridad y privacidad de la información.
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Peng, Yang y Zhiqiang Wang. "Prevalence of three lifestyle factors among Australian adults from 2004 to 2018: an age–period–cohort analysis". European Journal of Public Health 30, n.º 4 (21 de enero de 2020): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz243.
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Abstract Background It has been reported that current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity are significant modifiable risk factors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors among Australian adults are still unclear. Methods Our study analysed data from 2004 to 2005, 2007 to 2008, 2011 to 2012, 2014 to 2015 and 2017 to 2018 National Health Survey. We employed the age–period–cohort models to analyze the individual effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity among Australian adults. Results A total of 76 489 adults were included. Age, period and cohort all showed significant independent effects on prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (P < 0.01) except the cohort effect on physical inactivity in females (P = 0.31). The prevalence of current smoking decreased with age and period, and it first increased with birth cohort and then declined. For overweight/obesity prevalence, it increased with age until early-60s and then dropped. We found a positive period effect on overweight/obesity; however, the prevalence of overweight/obesity experienced several shifts with birth cohort. Physical activity prevalence raised with age, and it has several fluctuations for curves of period and cohort. Conclusion Age effects showed a distinct pattern for the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors. The prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to rise during the study period. The raised physical inactivity prevalence in recent study cycles is also concerning. Recent birth cohorts may be at increased risk of overweight/obesity and physical inactivity.
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Kumar, Abhishek, Joseph Kamel Salama y Matthew J. Boyer. "Utilization of local treatment modalities and surveillance in veterans with early stage renal cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, n.º 6_suppl (20 de febrero de 2023): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.643.
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643 Background: Surgery represents the standard treatment for early stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC). For older patients, especially those with comorbidities including chronic kidney disease (CKD), there have been efforts made to spare renal function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the disease and treatment characteristics of Veterans with early stage RCC. Methods: We used the national Veterans Affairs’ Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) database to identify patients diagnosed between 2000-2018 with early stage (cT1-2N0M0) RCC. Laboratory and diagnosis data were used to calculate creatinine clearance and Charlson comorbidity score. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as creatinine clearance < 60 milliliters per minute. The odds of receiving surveillance were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall 19,555 Veterans with early stage RCC were included. The median age at diagnosis was 65, 90% range (48-82). 9,807 patients (50%) had at least 1 comorbidity and 4169 (21%) had multiple. Of 16,514 (84%) patients with available lab data, 1,359 (8%) patients had CKD. The treatments received were radical nephrectomy (RN) (N=4107, 21%), nephron sparing surgery (NSS) (N=5008, 26%), thermal ablation (N=489, 3%), and surveillance (N=9946, 51%). Compared to 2000-2010, from 2011-2018, there was a higher proportion of patients receiving NSS (29% vs. 20%, p < 0.01) and a lower proportion receiving surveillance (49% vs. 54%, p < 0.01). On multivariable logistic regression, predictors of receiving surveillance included older age (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.03 per year, p<0.01), T1 disease (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.28), increasing number of comorbidities (OR 1.12 per comorbidity point, 95% CI 1.08-1.16), or CKD (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.41). Compared to creatinine clearance before diagnosis, the median change in creatinine clearance at least 1 year after diagnosis was -46 for RN, -9 for NSS, -8 for ablation, and -24 for surveillance (p<0.01). Conclusions: A significant proportion of Veterans with early stage RCC undergo surveillance. Nephron sparing treatments are becoming increasingly common and are associated with more modest reductions in renal function than radical nephrectomy or surveillance. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of surveillance on survival and cancer related outcomes.
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Ykovleva, T. V., N. I. Briko, A. N. Gerasimov, T. S. Saltykova y A. A. Pozdnyakov. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF EPIDEMIC SEASONS OF INFLUENZA 2015 - 2016 AND 2009 - 2010". Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-1-11-19.
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Aim. Analyze epidemiologic and clinical features of influenza epidemic seasons 2009 - 2010 and 2015 - 2016. Materials and methods. Forms of federal state statistic observation No. 1, 2, 5, and 6; information from the official web-site of the Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; materials of various conferences and congresses on problems of influenza; information-analytical certificates of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Results. Epidemic morbidity increases in the season 2009 - 2010 and 2015 - 2016 started at various time and had different duration. Children younger than 14 years of age predominated in the structure of patients in the 2009 - 2010 epidemic season, the main mass of patients were presented by individuals aged 45 - 59 years in the 2015 - 2016 season. The number of lethal outcomes with laboratory confirmed influenza diagnosis in 2009 - 2010 was 687 cases, and in 2015 - 2016 - 663 cases. Almost all the deceased from influenza were not vaccinated against this infection. Cardiovascular system diseases were noted in 484 individuals of the total number of deceased. Most of the deceased were late to seek medical aid. Conclusion. Influenza epidemic season 2015 - 2016 differs from 2009 - 2010 season by dynamics of morbidity development and a lower amount of severe forms of the disease and lethal outcomes. This may be due to an increase of population immunity against pandemic strain A(HlNl)pdm09 via pro-epidemizing in the recent years as well as an increase of influenza vaccination coverage.
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Pédrono, Gaëlle, Cécile Ricard, Maryline Bouilly, Claude Beata, Guillaume Sarcey y Bertrand Thélot. "483 Dog bites: severity and sequelae, a multicenter survey, France, September 2010 – December 2011". Injury Prevention 22, Suppl 2 (septiembre de 2016): A175.2—A175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.483.
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Fekri, Omid, Edgar Manukyan y Niek Klazinga. "Appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of care delivered in Canadian hospitals: a longitudinal assessment on the utility of publicly reported performance trend data between 2012–2013 and 2016–2017". BMJ Open 10, n.º 6 (junio de 2020): e035447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035447.
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ObjectivesTo assess the utility of publicly reported performance trend results of Canadian hospitals (by hospital size/type and jurisdiction).DesignLongitudinal observational study.Setting489 hospitals in Canada between fiscal years 2012–2013 and 2016–2017.ParticipantsAnalysis focused on indicator results of individual Canadian hospitals.Primary and secondary outcomesEight outcome indicators of hospital performance: in-hospital mortality (2), readmissions (4) and adverse events (2). Performance trend outcomes of improving, weakening or no change over time. Comparators in performance by hospital size/type of above, below or same as average.ResultsAt the national level, between 2012–2013 and 2016–2017, Canadian hospitals largely reduced in-hospital mortality: hospital deaths (hospital standardised mortality ratio) −9%; hospital deaths following major surgery −11.1%. Conversely, readmission to hospital increased nationwide: medical 1.5%; obstetric 5%; patients aged 19 years and younger 4.6% and surgical 3%. In-hospital sepsis declined −7.1%. Approximately 10% of the 489 hospitals in this study had a trend of improving performance over time (n=49) in one or more indicators, and a similar number showed a weakening performance over time (n=52). Roughly half of the hospitals in this study (n=224) had no change in performance over time for at least four out of the eight indicators. No single hospital had an improving or weakening trend in more than two indicators. Teaching and larger-sized hospitals showed a higher ratio of improving performance compared with smaller-sized hospitals.ConclusionsAnalysis of Canadian hospital performance through eight indicators shows improvement of in-hospital mortality and in-hospital sepsis, but rising rates of readmissions. Subdividing the analysis by hospital size/type shows greater instances of improvement in teaching and larger-sized hospitals. There is no clear pattern of a particular province/territory with a significant number of hospitals with improving or weakening trends. The overall assessment of trends of improving and weakening as presented in this study can be used more systematically in monitoring progress.
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Mohamed Saat, Asmalina y Mohd Rafie Johan. "Effect of Phosphoric Acid Concentration on the Optical Properties of Partially Phosphorylated PVA Complexes". International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/495875.
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Partially phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PPVA) films were prepared at five mole ratios of phosphoric acid (PA) using solution casting technique. The optical properties of the PPVA films were examined using UV-visible (UV) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The UV absorption spectra reveal that the absorption peaks are blue-shifted with an increase in PA concentration added to the pure PVA. The PL spectra show the presence of peaks which are characteristic of isotactic (389–398, 460–462 nm), syndiotactic (418–420 nm), and atactic (440–446 nm) configurations of the PPVA. The results also show the peak of O–P–O bonding at a wavelength range of 481–489 nm.
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Nazha, Aziz, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Preetesh Jain, Elias J. Jabbour, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Lynne V. Abruzzo et al. "Disease Patterns for Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) That Have BCR-ABL Transcript Levels > 10% At 3 Month of Therapy with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs)". Blood 120, n.º 21 (16 de noviembre de 2012): 3757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3757.3757.
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Abstract Abstract 3757 Background: Response to TKIs in CML at 3 month is a strong predictor for long term outcome in CML patients treated with TKIs. Pts who do not achieve a BCR-ABL transcript level < 10% or a MCyR at 3 months have lower event-free survival (EFS) and perhaps overall survival (OS). However, pts have rarely changed therapy based on response at this early time points. The purpose of this analysis is to understand the patterns of disease progression and management in this group of patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 489 newly diagnosed CML pts that received initial treatment with TKIs: imatinib 400 mg daily (83) imatinib 800 mg daily (199), and second generation TKIs (2GTKIs) (207) in consecutive or parallel trials between 7/2000 and 6/2011 were included in this analysis. Cytogentic and molecular responses were evaluated every 3 month for the first year and then every 6 month. Event was defined as transformation to accelerated phase (AP) or blast phase (BP), loss of complete hematologic response (CHR), or loss of MCyR. Results: Among the 489 treated pts, 58 (12%) did not achieve a MCyR or BCR-ABL transcript level < 10 % at 3 months (26 pts (31%) received IM400, 19 (10%) IM800, and 13 (6%) 2GTKIs. Eleven of these pts (19%) had high sokal score at diagnosis (1 pt treated with imatinib 400, 7 with imatinib 800, 3 with 2GTKIs). By 6 months, 52/58 pts (90%) continued on their original therapy: 39 (67%) at the same dose and 19 (33%) with a decreased dose because of adverse events. No pt had a dose increase. Six pts had discontinued therapy by 6 month: 4 due to intolerance, 1 loss of CHR and 1 for progression to BP. At 6 month, 27 pts (47%) achieved MCyR or BCR-ABL transcript level < 10 %. At 12 months, 47 pts (81%) were still receiving their initial therapy, 11 pts (19%) had discontinued their initial TKI: 6 due to intolerance, 1 loss of CHR, 2 for progression to BP, and 2 for resistant disease. After a median follow up of 95 months, 17 pts (29%) continue to receive their initial therapy and their current disease status are: complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) in 14 (82%), 2 (12%) lost their CCyR, and 1(6%) pt who never achieve any cytogenetic or molecular response and remains in chronic phase on the same dose of imatinib for over 8 years. Among these 17 pts, 11 (65%) have MMR, 2 (12%) with MR4.5, and 4 (24%) have lost MMR (2 of them with loss of CCyR). The 5 years OS, EFS and transformation-free survival (TFS) for the patients who did not achieve any response at 3 month was 88%, 77%, and 94%, respectively. The OS, EFS, and TFS for the patients who subsequently achieved a response (MCyR or BCR-ABL transcript level < 10 %) at 6 month was 100%, 66%, and 95%, respectively vs those who continued to have no response 79%, 95%, and 100%, respectively (P = 0.17, 0.07, 0.99, respectively). Conclusions: Although BCR-ABL transcript level at 3 month may predict long-term outcome of pts with CML treated with TKIs, this represents a static, one-time measure. Assessing the response at 6 months of pts with poor response at 3 months may provide a better predictor of long term outcome. Disclosures: Cortes: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Huo, Jinhai, Raj Desai, Young-Rock Hong, Kea Turner, Arch G. Mainous y Jiang Bian. "Use of Social Media in Health Communication: Findings From the Health Information National Trends Survey 2013, 2014, and 2017". Cancer Control 26, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 107327481984144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274819841442.
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The number of social media users has increased substantially in the past decade, creating an opportunity for health-care professionals and patients to leverage social media for health communication. This study examines the recent use and predictors of social media for health communication in a nationally representative sample of US adults over time. We used 2013, 2014, and 2017 National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey to identify respondents’ use of social media for sharing health information or exchanging medical information with a health-care professional. We conducted bivariate analysis using the Pearson χ2 test to assess the association of respondents’ basic demographic characteristics as well as health status and the use of social media for health communication. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to examine factors associated with the use of social media for health communication. We identified 4242 respondents (weighted sample size: 343 465 241 [2-year pooled sample]) who used social media for sharing health information and 4834 respondents (weighted sample size: 354 419 489 [2-year pooled sample]) who used social media for exchanging medical information. Multivariable analyses indicated the proportion of respondents who used social media for sharing health information has decreased (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.85, P = .002), while the use of social media for exchanging medical information with a health-care professional has increased (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.09-3.26, P = .025). The younger population had significantly higher odds of using social media for health communication. The study found no racial/ethnic disparities in the use of social media for health communication. Use of social media for sharing health information has declined, while exchanging medical information with health-care professionals has increased. Future research is needed to determine how to engage the population in social media–based health interventions, particularly for older adults.
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El Hassaany, A. H., S. Tharwat, M. Mansour y A. F. Enein. "AB0099 KNEE SYNOVIAL FLUID AND SERUM TNF-α IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: CORRELATION WITH SONOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 de mayo de 2022): 1180.2–1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4982.
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BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory joint condition that affects about 5 out of 1000 persons of the general population [1]. Environment, genetics, and autoimmunity may all have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease [2]. Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is the end result of these mechanisms [3].However, little is known about its soluble concentrations in synovial fluid and serum and its association with clinical and ultrasonographic joint parameters.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the presence of TNF-α in serum and synovial fluid of the knee in RA patients with knee effusion and to evaluate its correlation with musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) parameters of the affected knee joint.MethodsThis study included 40 patients (20 RA,10 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 10 osteoarthritis (OA)) who had knee effusion (unilateral or bilateral) upon clinical examination. The sample size was selected as convenient sample; all patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were offered to participate in the study, unless they qualify for any of the exclusion criteria or refuse to participate. The inclusion criteria included the following: a) age ≥ 18 years old, b) patients with knee effusion detected by clinical examination and confirmed by MSUS, c) patients with RA diagnosed according to 2010 ACR /EULAR classification criteria [4],SLE according to SLICC criteria [5] or knee OA diagnosed according to EULAR criteria [6].Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data were recruited from all participants. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to determine the pain intensity in the affected knee. MSUS examination of the affected knee was performed, and a sample of synovial fluid was aspirated. TNF-α was measured in the aspirated synovial fluid and serum of each patient.ResultsThere was a total of 40 patients (20 RA, and 20 age and sex matched non_RA (10 SLE, and 10 OA)). The mean age of RA patients was 48.4 years, most of them were females (80%) with median duration of knee pain of 2 months. Serum TNF-α was barely significantly higher in RA vs. non-RA cases (3.66 ± 0.76 vs 3.24 ± 0.58 U/ml, p= 0.052), while in synovial fluid, difference was not statistically significant (3.73 ± 0.72 vs 3.48 ± 0.58 U/ml, p= 0.252). Also, there was a statistically significantly higher serum TNF-α in RA vs. OA (3.66 ± 0.76 vs 3.06 ± 0.32, p= 0.022). Figure 1 shows that serum TNF-α at cut point of >3.24 U/ml can significantly discriminate RA from OA with 65% sensitivity, and 90% specificity (AUC = 0.725, P = 0.018). There was no statistically significant correlation between synovial TNF-α and MSUS parameters of thee knee either in RA or non_RA patients.Figure 1.ROC curve for serum TNF as a discriminator of RA from non-RAConclusionSerum TNF-α is higher in RA than non_RA patients. However, synovial fluid TNF-α level do not differ in RA from non_RA patients. No role of synovial TNF-α in knee pathologies in RA patients.References[1]Aletaha, D. and J.S.J.J. Smolen, Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. 2018. 320(13): p. 1360-1372.[2]McInnes, I.B. and G.J.N.E.J.o.M. Schett, The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. 2011. 365(23): p. 2205-2219.[3]Smolen, J.S., D. Aletaha, and I.B. McInnes, Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet, 2016. 388(10055): p. 2023-2038.[4]Kay, J. and K.S.J.R. Upchurch, ACR/EULAR 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria. 2012. 51(suppl_6): p. vi5-vi9.[5]Petri, M., et al., Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. 2012. 64(8): p. 2677-2686.[6]Zhang, W., et al., EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. 2010. 69(3): p. 483-489.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Steenland, Maria W., Raj Vatsa, Lydia E. Pace y Jessica L. Cohen. "Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Use Following State-Specific Changes in Hospital Medicaid Reimbursement". JAMA Network Open 5, n.º 10 (21 de octubre de 2022): e2237918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.37918.
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ImportanceFacilitating access to the full range of contraceptive options is a health policy goal; however, inpatient provision of postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods has been limited due to lack of hospital reimbursement. Between March 2014 and January 2015, the Medicaid programs in 5 states began to reimburse hospitals for immediate postpartum LARC separately from the global maternity payment.ObjectiveTo examine the association between Medicaid policies and provision of immediate postpartum LARC, and to examine hospital characteristics associated with policy adoption.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used interrupted time series analysis. The setting was population-based in Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, New York, and Rhode Island. Participants included individuals who gave birth in these states between 2011 and 2017 (n = 3 097 188). Statistical analysis was performed from June 2021 to August 2022.ExposuresChildbirth after the start of Medicaid’s reimbursement policy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresImmediate postpartum LARC (outcome), teaching hospital, Catholic-owned or operated, obstetrical care level, and urban or rural location (hospital characteristics).ResultsThe study included a total of 1 521 491 births paid for by Medicaid and 1 575 697 paid for by a commercial payer between 2011 and 2017. Prior to Medicaid reimbursement changes, 489 389 of 726 805 births (67%) were to individuals between 18 and 29 years of age, 219 363 of 715 905 births (31%) were to non-Hispanic Black individuals, 227 639 of 715 905 births (32%) were to non-Hispanic White individuals, 155 298 of 715 905 births (22%) were to Hispanic individuals, and 113 605 of 715 905 births (16%) were to individuals from other non-Hispanic racial groups. Among Medicaid-paid births, the policies were associated with an increase in the rate of immediate postpartum LARC provision in all states, although results for Maryland were not consistent across sensitivity analyses. The change in trend ranged from a quarterly increase of 0.05 percentage points in Maryland (95% CI, 0.01-0.08 percentage points) and 0.05 percentage points in Iowa (95% CI, 0.00-0.11 percentage points) to 0.82 percentage points (95% CI, 0.73-0.91 percentage points) in Rhode Island. The policy was also associated with an increase in immediate postpartum LARC provision among commercially paid births in 4 of 5 states. After the policy, only 38 of 366 hospitals (10%) provided more than 1% of birthing people with immediate postpartum LARC. These adopting hospitals were less likely to be Catholic (0% [0 of 31] vs 17% [41 of 245]), less likely to be rural (10% [3 of 31] vs 33% [81 of 247]), more likely to have the highest level of obstetric care (71% [22 of 31] vs 29% [65 of 223]) and be teaching hospitals (87% [27 of 31] vs 43% [106 of 246]) compared with nonadopting hospitals.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study’s findings suggest that Medicaid policies that reimburse immediate postpartum LARC may increase access to this service; however, policy implementation has been uneven, resulting in unequal access.
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Cubero-Alpízar, Consuelo, Ligia Rojas Valenciano, Mauricio Campos Fernández y Luis Esteban Hernández Soto. "Prescripciones de benzodiacepinas y barbitúricos en Costa Rica 2011-2015". Horizonte Sanitario 19, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2020): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/hs.a19n2.3685.
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El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar la prescripción de medicamentos psicotrópicos: Clobazam, Tiopental, Clonazepam, Lorazepam, Fenobarbital y Diazepam en la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS) en Costa Rica en el periodo 2011-2015. Metodología. La población estuvo constituida por 1 488 989 prescripciones de psicotrópicos dentro de la CCSS en Costa Rica en el periodo de enero del 2011 a diciembre del 2015. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo. Resultado. Del total analizado, casi la mitad (un 47,15%) corresponden a Clonazepam. Le siguen el Lorazepam y el Diazepam con un 22,80% y un 22,53%, respectivamente. Finalmente, Fenobarbital, Clobazam y Tiopental son las menos prescritas con un 7,07%, 0,24% y 0,22% respectivamente. En cuanto a la distribución por sexo las mujeres recibieron el 62,65% de las prescripciones, el restante 37,35% fueron para hombres.
Conclusión. Existe un aumento exponencial en el consumo de estos fármacos en el quinquenio en estudio. Las personas al final de su ciclo productivo (40 años o más) alcanzan los mayores porcentajes de consumo que luego decrecen alrededor de los 70 años o más; las mujeres son a quienes más se les prescriben este tipo de medicamentos. Por tanto, es necesaria una monitorización continúa que favorezca un uso adecuado de estos fármacos y evite generar potenciales problemas a la salud de la población especialmente a los adultos mayores
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Ordóñez Burbano, Rosario, Carlos Arturo Román Luna y Yanet Valverde Riascos. "Factor Acompañamiento familiar con relación al alcance del desempeño académico en estudiantes de El Tablón Panamericano, Taminango". Revista UNIMAR 36, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31948/unimar36-2.art1.
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El factor acompañamiento familiar y su incidencia en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de undécimo grado es, en esencia, el motivo de esta investigación que, a través de una metodología cualitativa-cuantitativa y de la técnica de grupos focales, permitió contextualizar el problema e involucrar a los actores en la reflexión pedagógica, identificando con mayor claridad los roles para un buen desempeño en las Pruebas Saber. Así, se pudo encontrar que el acompañamiento se asocia con el cubrimiento de necesidades básicas, el aprendizaje de los oficios y el fomento de los valores. Fueron identificadas debilidades tales como: el conformismo, la falta de diálogo intrafamiliar y con el colegio, y la falta de confianza en el futuro de los hijos. Con estas apreciaciones se deduce que el acompañamiento familiar no es un factor determinante en los desempeños académicos, y que el éxito escolar depende del proceso permanente y riguroso durante todas las etapas del desarrollo del estudiante. En consecuencia, se propone una Ruta de Intervención Pedagógica para el Acompañamiento Familiar, en procura del mejoramiento de la calidad educativa en la institución.
Referencias
Chaves, L. (2001). Implicaciones educativas de la teoría sociocultural de Vigotsky. Revista Educación, 25(2), 59-65.
Coleman, J. y Hendry, L. (2003). Psicología de la adolescencia. Madrid, España: Ediciones Morata.
Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. United States of America: University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
De Zubiría, J. (2006). Los modelos pedagógicos: hacia una pedagogía dialogante (2a. ed.). Bogotá, Colombia: Cooperativa Editorial Magisterio.
Facultad de Posgrados y Relaciones Internacionales, Maestría en Pedagogía. (s.f.). Recuperado de http://www.umariana.edu.co/pedagogia/5-INVESTIGACION/ANEXO%2025.%
20Documento%20Linea%20investigaci%C3%B3n%20Grupo%20INDAGAR.pdf
Garreta, J. (2015). La comunicación familia-escuela en educación infantil y primaria. Revista de la Asociación de Sociología de la Educación, RASE, 8(1), 71-85.
Goleman, D. & Griese, F. (1997). EQ. Emotionale Intelligenz. Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag
Hernández, R., Fernández, C. y Baptista, P. (2003). Metodología de la investigación (5ª. ed.). México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
Pereira, Z. (2011). Los diseños de método mixto en la investigación en educación. Revista Electrónica Educare, 15(1), 15-29.
Pita, S. y Pértegas, S. (2002). Investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa. Recuperado de https://www.fisterra.com/mbe/investiga/cuanti_cuali/cuanti_cuali.aspRestrepo, B. (1996). Investigación en educación. Recuperado de http://iutep.tec.ve/uptp/images/Descargas/materialwr/libros/BernardoRestrepo-InvestigacionEnEducacion.PDF
Rodríguez, W. (1999). El legado de Vygotski y de Piaget a la educación. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 31(3), 477-489.
Savater, F. (1997). El valor de educar. Barcelona, España: Editorial Ariel.
Torío, S. (2004). Familia, Escuela y Sociedad. Aula Abierta, 83(2004), 35-52.
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Andarini, Marisa Ayu y Tika Widiastuti. "Pengaruh SBIS Dan PUAS Terhadap Tingkat Inflasi Melalui Operasi Moneter Syariah Pada Periode 2011-2015". Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 3, n.º 6 (20 de enero de 2017): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol3iss20166pp474-489.
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This study aims to determine the relationship directly or indirectly between SBIS and PUAS into inflation by Sharia Monetary Operations. The approach used is a quantitative approach using path analysis technique with four variables are SBIS and PUAS as exogenous variable, the inflation rate as an endogenous variable and OMs as an intervening variable.The results show that SBIS and PUAS have a positive direct correlation to inflation. This show that the SBIS and PUAS still did’t able to meet expectations in order to reduce the rate of inflation. In this study may also indicate that the SBIS relate indirectly to inflation through OMs. OMs be able to suppress compared to inflation growth rate of SBIS and PUAS variable, PUAS doesnt have a relation to inflation through OMs. Therefore, from this study is expected the government to reassess the effectiveness of Islamic monetary transmission in suppressing the inflation growth rate.
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Manosalva-Sánchez, Carolina, Liliana Patricia Zuleta-Dueñas y Oneida Castañeda-Porras. "Estudio descriptivo del accidente ofídico, Casanare-Colombia, 2012-2014". MedUNAB 20, n.º 3 (5 de julio de 2018): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29375/01237047.2672.
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Introducción: Entre las lesiones de causa externa, el accidente ofídico es de notificación obligatoria en Colombia. En el departamento de Casanare, la susceptibilidad de sufrir una mordedura de serpiente aumenta dadas sus características geográficas, climáticas, socioculturales y demográficas que favorecen el incremento de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir la ocurrencia del evento en Casanare entre 2012-2014, con el propósito de fortalecer las acciones de promoción y prevención. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal a partir de registros de la notificación del evento al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública durante el período a estudio; la información se almacenó en el programa Excel de Microsoft Office®, y se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables tiempo, lugar y persona en el programa estadístico Epi-Info 7.1.5®. Resultados: Se registraron 485 casos: en 2012 (175 casos; 36.1%), 2013 (168 casos; 34.6%), 2014 (142 casos; 29.3%); de los cuales 315 fueron en hombres (64.9%), 417 casos del área rural (85.9%), con una edad promedio de 32.4 ± 19.9. En relación a la pertenencia étnica se presentaron 49 casos (10.1%), de los cuales el 83.7% fue en indígenas (41/49). Las actividades más frecuentes al momento de la agresión fueron caminatas por senderos abiertos o labores de agricultura 280 casos (57.7%); realizar trabajos agropecuarios, forestales o pesqueros 124 casos (25.6%). La localización anatómica de la mordedura en orden de frecuencia fue: Miembros inferiores 351 casos (72.4%) y superiores 113 casos (23.3%). Según la atención inicial: Inmovilización de miembro 71 casos (14.7%); sometidos a prácticas no médicas 181 casos (37.3%), y el 54.7% (99/181) se había realizado rezos. La Tasa de incidencia fue de 47.1/100,000 habitantes y de letalidad 0.2% (1/485). Conclusiones: La tasa de incidencia evidenciada superó la del país de 9.2/100,000 habitantes. Afectó a hombres en edad productiva, dependientes del trabajo agrícola; y la atención inicial fue inadecuada en la mayoría de casos, persistiendo el uso de prácticas no médicas. Todas las lesiones son prevenibles, por tanto, las medidas preventivas deben constituirse en la principal herramienta para reducir la incidencia del evento. [Manosalva-Sánchez C, Zuleta-Dueñas LP, Castañeda-Porras O. Estudio descriptivo del accidente ofídico, Casanare-Colombia, 2012-2014. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 338-348].
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Sewell, Daniel, Samuel Justice, Amy Hahn, Sriram Pemmaraju, Alberto Segre y Philip Polgreen. "Estimating the Impact of County Boundaries on State-wide Patient-Sharing Network Models". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (octubre de 2020): s220—s221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.764.
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Background: In the field of public health, network models are useful for understanding the spread of both information and infectious diseases. Collecting network data requires determining network boundaries (ie, the entities selected for data collection). These decisions, if not made carefully, have potential outsized downstream effects on study findings. In practice, collaboration and coordination between healthcare organizations are often dictated by historical or geopolitical boundaries (eg, state or county boundaries), which may distort the underlying network under study, and thereby affect the reliability and/or accuracy of the network model. Objective: We compared natural communities in a patient-sharing network with those induced by geopolitical boundaries. Methods: Using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), we constructed a patient-sharing network among hospitals in California, splitting the data into a training set and a holdout set. We performed edge-betweenness clustering on the training set, and with the holdout set, we compared the resulting partition with the partition by counties using modularity. We also clustered contiguous counties that might function more cohesively together than individually. We performed spatially constrained hierarchical clustering on the network constructed from total patient flow between pairs of counties. The results were again compared via modularity on the holdout set to the county partition. Lastly, we built an individual-based model (IBM) using HCUP and American Hospital Association data to perform epidemic simulations. For each of several counties, we implemented this model to estimate the proportion of patients infected over time. We then reran the individual-based model using the entire state while dividing the results into corresponding counties. Results: In total, 680,485 patients transferred between 374 hospitals in 55 counties from 2003 to 2011. The out-of-sample modularity for the edge-betweenness clustering partition was 464% higher than that of the county partition. Aggregating the counties into half as many contiguous clusters was 319% higher, and aggregating them into 6 clusters was 489% higher (Fig. 1). The epicurves from the individual-based model ranged from small to significant deviations between state versus county boundaries (Fig. 2) . Conclusions: Collecting network data using externally imposed boundaries may lead to inaccurate network models. For example, counties serve as a poor proxy for their underlying communities, resulting in poor overall disease spread simulation results when county boundaries are allowed to drive network construction. These issues should be considered when building coordination partnerships such as the Accountable Communities for Health.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Al Khrusi, W. "Private Public Partnership Vital Role". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 de octubre de 2018): 248s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.99400.
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Amount raised: 3,640,000 USD Background and context: Nongovernmental Organizations especially in middle-income countries have to breed the culture of CSR and PPP within itself and the community to address the financial challenges that limit their activities and performance especially in cancer prevention and control otherwise they would not positively impact the socioeconomic aspect of cancers. We at our association appreciated the importance of integrity, professionalism, innovativeness and transparency so as to convince and achieve this partnership to serve the community. Aim: Is to fundraise to support awareness, human resource development and breast cancer screening. Strategy/Tactics: Private public partnership after needs assessment for each of our projects with full transparency and innovation. Program process: After needs assessment, we put together a full budget for each project. The negotiations with the private companies start and present through audio visuals. We receive support by the government. Repeated annual auditing of the program. We then report to the entity that assisted with the fund raising for the project and the government. Appreciating those who are working for the projects through the media and awards. Develop a cohesive partnership team.Costs and returns: 1- Mobile mammography unit: 17,800 women screenings around the country, the data are used for research. 6% found positive. Paradigm change in breast cancer presentation in the breast clinics with now higher percentage of stage 1 and 2 compared with before. Acceptance of the word “cancer: within the community. Savings of the government expenditure of treating with stage 1 is 13,000 USD, stage 4 is 300,000 USD. Reduction in the number that needs palliative care. The project won his Majesty´s award and the United Nations award in Gender section. 2- Dar Al Hanan: home away from home for children with cancer residing far from the oncology center, who need outpatient treatment. This caters to 16 families free of charge supporting accommodation, meals and a shuttle bus to the hospital. Won local and international awards. So far since 2011, it catered for 489 families with all nationalities. 3- Palliative care: training of hospital and community nurses and primary health care physicians from Oman and 51 from low- and middle-income countries. 60 of them qualified as certified trainers to continue training in their countries. What was learned: The importance of private public partnership but the nonprofit organizations have to learn a different culture on how to convince the private sector to fund the programs.
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BORCUT, MARIN. "Tripled coincidence theorems for monotone mappings in partially ordered metric spaces". Creative Mathematics and Informatics 21, n.º 2 (2012): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/cmi.2012.02.15.
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In this paper, we establish tripled coincidence point theorems for a pair of mappings F : X × X × X → X and g : X → X satisfying a nonlinear contractive condition ordered metric spaces. Presented theorems extend several existing results in the literature: [Borcut, M. and Berinde, V., Tripled coincidente point theorems for contractive type mappings in partially ordered metric spaces, Aplied Mathematics and Computation, 218 (2012), No. 10, 5929–5936], and Berinde, Borcut in article [Berinde, V., Borcut, M., Tripled fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in partially ordered metric spaces, Nonlinear Anal., 74 (2011), 4889-4897].
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Llerena, Claudia, Angie Zabaleta, Angélica Valbuena y Martha Murcia. "Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to quinolones and injectables in Colombia, 2012-2013". Biomédica 37, n.º 1 (24 de enero de 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v37i2.3204.
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Introducción. La tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. En 2014, la Organización Mundial de la Salud estimó que se habían presentado 9,6 millones de casos nuevos y 480.000 multirresistentes. La evaluación de la resistencia a fármacos inyectables y a quinolonas se introdujo hace pocos años, por lo cual no se conoce su prevalencia.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la resistencia a amicacina, kanamicina, capreomicina y ofloxacina en casos de tuberculosis resistente a isoniacida, rifampicina o a ambas, entre 2012 y 2013.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal con 489 aislamientos resistentes a isoniacida o rifampicina. Las pruebas de sensibilidad se hicieron con la técnica Bactec MGITTM. Para el análisis de la proporción de la resistencia, los casos se agruparon según el antecedente de tratamiento con medicamentos de segunda línea.Resultados. En los 438 casos nuevos, la resistencia global a la kanamicina fue mayor (7,1 %; IC95% 4,6-9,6); en los 51 casos previamente tratados, dicha resistencia fue de 27,5 % (IC95% 14,2-40,7). La resistencia global fue mayor en casos con antecedentes de tratamiento con quinolonas y fármacos inyectables. Se encontraron siete casos de tuberculosis extremadamente resistente.Conclusión. El estudio evidenció la presencia de resistencia a fármacos de segunda línea en personas con tuberculosis farmacorresistente sin tratamiento previo o tratadas previamente con quinolonas o fármacos inyectables, estos últimos con mayor porcentaje de resistencia. En consecuencia, es esencial practicar rutinariamente las pruebas de sensibilidad y el análisis de esta información.
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Mhimbira, Francis, Jerry Hella, Hellen Hiza, Emmanuel Mbuba, Magreth Chiryamkubi, Sebastien Gagneux y Lukas Fenner. "PO 8565 PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUSES AND BACTERIA DETECTED IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS COMPARED TO HOUSEHOLD CONTACT CONTROLS IN TANZANIA". BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (abril de 2019): A54.2—A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.142.
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BackgroundThe study aim is to describe the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in tuberculosis (TB) patients and in their household contact controls, and to determine the clinical significance of respiratory pathogens in TB patients.MethodsWe studied 489 smear-positive adult TB patients and 305 household contact controls without TB with nasopharyngeal swab samples within an ongoing prospective cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between 2013 and 2015. We used multiplex real-time PCR to detect 16 respiratory viruses and seven bacterial pathogens from nasopharyngeal swabs.ResultsThe median age of the study participants was 33 years; 61% (484/794) were men, and 21% (168/794) were HIV-positive. TB patients had a higher prevalence of HIV (28.6%; 140/489) than controls (9.2%; 28/305). Overall prevalence of respiratory viral pathogens was 20.4% (160/794; 95% CI 17.7%–23.3%) and of bacterial pathogens 38.2% (303/794; 95% CI 34.9%–41.6%). TB patients and controls did not differ in the prevalence of respiratory viruses (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.00, 95% CI 0.71–1.44), but respiratory bacteria were less frequently detected in TB patients (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.94). TB patients with both respiratory viruses and respiratory bacteria were likely to have more severe disease (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4; p 0.011). TB patients with respiratory viruses tended to have more frequent lung cavitations (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 0.93–2.7; p 0.089).ConclusionRespiratory viruses are common for both TB patients and household controls. TB patients may present with more severe TB disease, particularly when they are co-infected with both bacteria and viruses.
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Choi, Won Suk, Ji Yun Noh, Yu bin Seo, Ji Hyeon Baek, Jacob Lee, Joon Young Song, Dae Won Park, Jin Soo Lee, Hee Jin Cheong y Woo Joo Kim. "Case-Control Study of the Effectiveness of the 2010-2011 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine for Prevention of Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Virus Infection in the Korean Adult Population". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, n.º 6 (10 de abril de 2013): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00009-13.
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ABSTRACTWe evaluated the effectiveness of the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine for preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in a South Korean population. A retrospective case-control study was conducted among patients who visited selected hospitals from September 2010 to May 2011. A total of 483 laboratory-confirmed influenza patients were included in the analysis as case subjects. For each case patient, two types of control patients were chosen at a ratio of 1:1:1, and 966 control subjects were selected. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was defined as 100 × (1 − odds ratio for influenza in vaccinated versus nonvaccinated persons). The VE of the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine was 49.5% to 45.8% for both influenza A and B viruses and 50.8% to 47.2% for influenza A virus, according to the control type. The age-specific adjusted VE was 50.8% to 46.5% among subjects aged 19 to 49 years and 58.7% to 63.3% among those aged 50 to 64 years, according to the control type. Statistically significant VE was not found among those aged ≥65 years or against influenza B virus. The 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine was effective for preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza, especially for influenza A virus, in a South Korean population. Evidence of the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in older adults or against influenza B virus was not found.
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Hanewinkel, R., B. Isensee, M. Goecke y M. Morgenstern. "Rauchen im Jugendalter in England und Deutschland, 2001 – 2016". Pneumologie 73, n.º 10 (9 de septiembre de 2019): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0984-7447.
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Zusammenfassung Ziel Deskription des Rauchverhaltens Jugendlicher aus England und Deutschland über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 15 Jahren. Methode 11 wiederholte Querschnittserhebungen mit insgesamt 107 485 Personen im Alter von 11 bis 15 Jahren wurden zwischen 2001 und 2016 in England und Deutschland durchgeführt. Erfasst wurde a) der relative Anteil Jugendlicher, die jemals in ihrem Leben ein konventionelles Tabakprodukt geraucht hatten, und b) der relative Anteil aktuell rauchender Jugendlicher, d. h. Jugendliche, die „gelegentlich“ bzw. „ständig“ oder „regelmäßig“ rauchten. Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich im Beobachtungszeitraum eine signifikant stärkere Reduktion des Anteils Jugendlicher mit Raucherfahrung in Deutschland (von 52 % auf 10 %) im Vergleich zu England (von 44 % auf 19 %). Der Anteil aktuell rauchender Jugendlicher fiel im Beobachtungszeitraum in Deutschland um 16 Prozentpunkte auf 3 % und in England um 12 Prozentpunkte auf 7 % (kein signifikanter Unterschied). Schlussfolgerungen Die Daten liefern einen Hinweis auf einen stärkeren Trend zum Nie-Rauchen in Deutschland im Vergleich zu England und auf einen vergleichbaren Trend zum selteneren aktuellen Rauchen in den beiden Ländern. Kausale Schlussfolgerungen sind aufgrund der Studienanlage nicht möglich.
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Hanewinkel, Reiner, Barbara Isensee, Michaela Goecke y Matthias Morgenstern. "Rauchen im Jugendalter in England und Deutschland, 2001 – 2016". Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 20, n.º 05 (octubre de 2020): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1267-1184.
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ziel Deskription des Rauchverhaltens Jugendlicher aus England und Deutschland über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 15 Jahren. Methode 11 wiederholte Querschnittserhebungen mit insgesamt 107 485 Personen im Alter von 11 bis 15 Jahren wurden zwischen 2001 und 2016 in England und Deutschland durchgeführt. Erfasst wurde a) der relative Anteil Jugendlicher, die jemals in ihrem Leben ein konventionelles Tabakprodukt geraucht hatten, und b) der relative Anteil aktuell rauchender Jugendlicher, d. h. Jugendliche, die „gelegentlich“ bzw. „ständig“ oder „regelmäßig“ rauchten. Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich im Beobachtungszeitraum eine signifikant stärkere Reduktion des Anteils Jugendlicher mit Raucherfahrung in Deutschland (von 52 % auf 10 %) im Vergleich zu England (von 44 % auf 19 %). Der Anteil aktuell rauchender Jugendlicher fiel im Beobachtungszeitraum in Deutschland um 16 Prozentpunkte auf 3 % und in England um 12 Prozentpunkte auf 7 % (kein signifikanter Unterschied). Schlussfolgerungen Die Daten liefern einen Hinweis auf einen stärkeren Trend zum Nie-Rauchen in Deutschland im Vergleich zu England und auf einen vergleichbaren Trend zum selteneren aktuellen Rauchen in den beiden Ländern. Kausale Schlussfolgerungen sind aufgrund der Studienanlage nicht möglich.
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Asranna, Ajay, Ramshekhar Menon y Ashalatha Radhakrishnan. "Referral trends for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery between 2000 and 2014 in India". Neurology: Clinical Practice 9, n.º 4 (9 de abril de 2019): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000000628.
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BackgroundWe conducted a retrospective study examining the trends in referral to a tertiary epilepsy surgery center in India over 2 decades.MethodsData of patients who underwent long-term video electro encephalography monitoring for presurgical evaluation were retrospectively analyzed. Patients aged >16 years and diagnosed to have drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) were included. They were divided into 3 groups comprising 5-year periods each during which they underwent presurgical evaluation, group 1: year 2000–2004; group 2: year 2005–2009; and group 3: year 2010–2014. Referral data with particular reference to duration of epilepsy before referral, age at onset of seizures, and number of antiepileptic drugs tried before referral were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1362 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were 385 referrals in group 1, 488 in group 2, and 489 in group 3. The mean duration of epilepsy before referral was 18.10 ± 9.44 years; there was no change in the duration of epilepsy before referral (p = 0.638). A significant increase in the age at onset of seizures and age at presurgical evaluation was noted over time.ConclusionThere is evidence for delayed referral of patients with refractory TLE to a surgical epilepsy center in this study. Renewed efforts to confront challenges beholding epilepsy surgery and steps to ensure timely referral are desirable.
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Kovács, Aranka y Eszter László. "Difficulties of epidemic measures in Fadd and Józsefváros". Orvosi Hetilap 152, n.º 12 (marzo de 2011): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29067.
Texto completoResumen
Authors draw attention to their own experience about the occurrence and epidemic measures of tuberculosis in two micro-regions of Hungary, Fadd and Józsefváros situated far from each other. According to data from the National Statistical Office of Hungary, tuberculosis does not belong to the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality. However, it still represents a notable factor in national healthcare and public health. Currently, tuberculosis is not an important issue to be regulated by health care decision makers or at the level of legislation. Based on their own experience, authors suggest reconsidering the possibility of epidemic measures for the prevention of tuberculosis. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 481–484.