Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "2002 f-725"

4627 Background: ChemoRT after surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer improves overall and relapse-free survival (OS and RFS) compared to observation (NEJM 2000,345:725–30). However, loco-regional recurrences (>50%) remain high and we hypothesized that adding IP FUDR would further improve outcome. Methods: Patients (pts) ECOG performance status (PS) 0–2, gastric/gastroesphogeal(GEJ) adenocarcinoma stage Ib-IV (M0) undergoing R0 resection were eligible, and had insertion of IP catheters at surgery. IP FUDR(3gm/dose/day) was given on protocol days 1, 2, 3 and 15, 16, 17 prior to 5-FU/LV and external beam RT (45Gy) as in cited study. Simon 2-stage optimum design was used to demonstrate safety. Endpoints also included were loco-regional recurrence and survival. Results: 28 pts with gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma (25/3) were enrolled from 2002 to 2006 at 2 institutions: median age 59.5 years (range 39–81), M /F (21/7). R0 gastric resection was performed with dissection of median 22 (range 8–102) lymph nodes(LN’s). 22/28 pts were lymph node positive. Full dose IP FUDR was completed in 20/28 pts. 4 pts required dose reduction (1 for grade(gr) 2 hepatic enzyme elevation, 2 gr 2 neutropenia, 1 gr 4 neutropenia), 3 discontinued therapy (1 gr 3 abdominal pain, 1 GI abscess, and 1 bleeding arterial pseudoaneurysm). One pt received no IP treatment due to catheter failure. 24/28 pts completed chemoRT and had toxicity comparable to that previously reported in the Intergroup 0116 trial. At 26 month median follow up (range 2.8–43.4), of the 26 pts evaluable for response, 16 pts are NED, 6 alive with disease, 3 dead of disease, and 1 dead from other cause. 5 recurrences were intra-abdominal, 1 local, 2 distant, and 1 at multiple sites. At present analysis, the median RFS is 32.5 months. Conclusions: IP FUDR prior to chemoRT after R0 gastric cancer resection is well tolerated. A randomized study to test its role in reducing regional recurrence and improving outcome is warranted. (FDA Orphan Products grant# FD-R-2150–04) No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Lattice rules are widely studied in the context of quasi-Monte Carlo methods as a means to achieve a small integration error. The rules themselves are determined completely by so called generating vectors, so there is an interest in methods for constructing vectors that perform well. This article introduces a new component-wise construction of a generating vector using the principles of Monte Carlo tree search, with the goal of avoiding local optima. Error bounds are proven for the vectors obtained from this method, which are analogous to existing results for the popular component by component construction. References J. Dick. On the convergence rate of the component-by-component construction of good lattice rules. J. Complex. 20 (2004), pp. 493–522. doi: 10.1016/j.jco.2003.11.008 J. Dick, F. Y. Kuo, and I. H. Sloan. High-dimensional integration: The quasi-Monte Carlo way. Acta Numer. 22 (2013), pp. 133–288. doi: 10.1017/S0962492913000044 M. Giles, F. Y. Kuo, I. H. Sloan, and B. J. Waterhouse. Quasi-Monte Carlo for finance applications. ANZIAM J. 50 (2008), pp. C308–C323. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v50i0.1440 N. M. Korobov. Approximate evaluation of repeated integrals. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 124 (1959), pp. 1207–1210 F. Y. Kuo. Component-by-component constructions achieve the optimal rate of convergence for multivariate integration in weighted Korobov and Sobolev spaces. J. Complex. 19 (2003), pp. 301–320. doi: 10.1016/S0885-064X(03)00006-2 D. Nuyens and R. Cools. Fast algorithms for component-by-component construction of rank-1 lattice rules in shift-invariant reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Math. Comput. 75 (2006), pp. 903–920. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-06-01785-6 I. H. Sloan and A. V. Restzov. Component-by-component construction of good lattice rules. Math. Comput. 71 (2002), pp. 263–273. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-01-01342-4 I. H. Sloan and H. Woźniakowski. When are quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms efficient for high-dimensional integrals? J. Complex. 14 (1998), pp. 1–33. doi: 10.1006/jcom.1997.0463 X. Wang and I. H. Sloan. Efficient weighted lattice rules with applications to finance. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 28 (2006), pp. 728–750. doi: 10.1137/S1064827502418197

The objective of this study was to evaluate the actions offered in the Teacher Development Program from the perceptions of the teachers of the medical course of a public university that has been working with active teaching and learning methods since 2002. After each action of the program, an evaluation instrument was applied to the participants, and the answers were submitted to content analysis and then organized into three categories: infrastructure and logistics, the teaching-learning strategies and the developed content. Teachers highlight the importance of organization and planning of activities and the environment in which these actions are developed; they emphasize the importance of using teaching–learning strategies that allow greater re?ection on own practice and the integration of theory and practice. They point out that the themes proposed were timely and necessary, they recognize the importance of being in development, they talk about the motivation from the experiences lived. It is concluded that the Teacher Development is a process through which the teacher is in transformation, through a conscious and constant reflection of his own practice. This process can be promoted by institutional investments and by the regulatory mechanisms of institutions, constituted of an evaluation referenced in objective indicators, consistent with the goals to be achieved. In this sense, it is necessary to invest in permanent education, because long-term programs allow the development of the teacher´s and the institution´s needs.ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as ações oferecidas em um Programa de Desenvolvimento Docente a partir da percepção dos professores do curso de medicina de uma universidade pública que utiliza métodos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem desde 2002. Após cada ação do programa, um instrumento de avaliação foi aplicado aos participantes, e respostas foram submetidas à análise do conteúdo e em seguida foram organizadas em três categorias: infraestrutura e logística, estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem utilizadas, e conteúdo desenvolvido. Os professores destacam a importância da organização e planejamento das atividades e do ambiente em que essas ações se desenvolveram; Enfatizam a importância de utilizar estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem que possibilitem maior reflexão sobre a própria prática e a integração da teoria e a prática. Apontam que os temas propostos foram oportunos e necessários, reconhecem a importância de estarem em desenvolvimento, falam sobre a motivação a partir das experiências vivenciadas. Conclui-se que o Desenvolvimento Docente é um processo pelo qual o professor está em transformação, por meio de uma re?exão consciente e constante de sua própria prática. Esse processo pode ser promovido pelos investimentos institucionais e pelos mecanismos reguladores das instituições constituídos por uma avaliação referenciada em indicadores objetivos, coerentes com as metas a serem alcançadas. Nesse sentido, é necessário investir na educação permanente, pois os programas em longo prazo permitem trabalhar as necessidades do professor e da instituição.ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las acciones ofrecidas en un Programa de Desarrollo Docente a partir de la percepción de los profesores del curso de medicina de una universidad pública que utiliza métodos activos de enseñanza - aprendizaje desde 2002. Después de cada acción del programa, un instrumento de evaluación se aplicó a los participantes, y las respuestas se sometieron al análisis del contenido y luego se organizaron en tres categorías: infraestructura y logística, estrategias de enseñanza - aprendizaje utilizadas, y contenido desarrollado. Los profesores destacan la importancia de la organización y planificación de las actividades y del ambiente en que esas acciones se desarrollaron; Enfatizan la importancia de utilizar estrategias de enseñanza - aprendizaje que posibiliten una mayor reflexión sobre la propia práctica y la integración de la teoría y la práctica. Se señalan que los temas propuestos fueron oportunos y necesarios, reconocen la importancia de estar en desarrollo, hablan sobre la motivación a partir de las experiencias vivenciadas. Se concluye que el Desarrollo Docente es un proceso por el cual el profesor está en transformación, por medio de una re?exión consciente y constante de su propia práctica. Este proceso puede ser promovido por las inversiones institucionales y por los mecanismos reguladores de las instituciones constituidos por una evaluación referenciada en indicadores objetivos, coherentes con las metas a ser alcanzadas. En este sentido, es necesario invertir en la educación permanente, pues los programas a largo plazo permiten trabajar las necesidades del profesor y de la institución.Keywords: Educational development, Medical education, Professional development, Qualitative research.Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento e educação, Formação médica, Desenvolvimento profissional, Pesquisa qualitativa.Palabras claves: Desarrollo y educación, Formación médica, Desarrollo profesional, Investigación cualitativa.ReferencesABID, Kauser. Faculty development: a need in time for educators in healthcare. J Pak Med Assoc, v. 63, n. 4, p. 428-431, Apr., 2013.ALMEIDA, Maria Tereza Carvalho; BATISTA, Nildo Alves. Ser docente em métodos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem na formação do médico. Rev Bras Educ Med, v. 35, n. 4, p. 468-476, julho, 2011.ALMEIDA, Maria Tereza Carvalho; MAIA, Fernanda Alves; BATISTA, Nildo Alves. Gestão nas escolas médicas e sustentabilidade dos programas de desenvolvimento docente. Avaliação: Revista da Avaliação da Educação Superior, v. 18, n. 2, p. 299-310, jul., 2013.ANDERSON, Winston A. et al. Changing the culture of Science Education at research universities. Science Education, v. 331, p.152-153, Jan., 2011.ARMSTRONG, Elizabeth G.; BARSION, Sylvia J. Creating “Innovator’s DNA” in Health Care Education. Academic Medicine, v. 88, n. 3, p. 342-348, Mar., 2013.ARMSTRONG, Elizabeth G.; DOYLE, Jennifer; BENNETT, Nancy L. Transformative professional development of physicians as educators: assessment of a model. Academic Medicine, v. 78, n. 7, p. 702-708, Jul., 2003.AUSUBEL, David Paul. A aprendizagem significativa: a teoria de David Ausubel. São Paulo: Moraes, 1982.BALMER, Dorene F.; RICHARDS, Boyd F. Faculty development as transformation: Lessons learned from a process-oriented program. Teaching and learning in medicine, v. 24, n. 3, p. 242-247, Jul., 2012.BARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. 3ed. Lisboa: Almedina, 2004.CATE, Olle Ten et al. Faculty development through international exchange: The IMEX initiative. Medical teacher, v. 36, n. 7, p. 591-595, Jun., 2014.CECIM, Ricardo Burg. Educação permanente em saúde: desafio ambicioso e necessário. Interface – Comunicação, Saúde e Educação, v. 9, n. 16, p. 161-177, fev., 2005.CENTRA, John A. Types of faculty development programs. The Journal of Higher Education, v. 49, n. 2, p. 151-162, 1978.CHOU, Calvin L. et al. The Impact of a Faculty Learning Community on Professional and Personal Development: The Facilitator Training Program of the American Academy on Communication in Healthcare. Academic Medicine, v. 89, n. 7, p. 1051-1056, Jul., 2014.COSTA, Nilce Maria da Silva Campos. Docência no ensino médico: por que é tão difícil mudar?. Rev bras educ méd, v. 31, n. 1, p. 21-30, 2007.DEWEY, John. Experiência e Natureza - Lógica - a Arte Como Experiência - Vida e Educação - Teoria da Vida moral. 2 ed. São Paulo: Abril cultural, 1985.DONABEDIAN, Avedis. Evaluating physician competence. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, v. 78, n. 6, p. 857-860, 2000.EBRAHIMI, Sedigheh; KOJURI, Javad. Assessing the Impact of Faculty Development Fellowship in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Arch Iran Med, v. 15, n. 2, p. 79-81, Feb., 2012.FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogia da autonomia: saberes necessários à prática educativa. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1996.GADAMER, Hans Georg. Verdade e Método: traços fundamentais de uma hermenêutica filosófica. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1999.HABERMAS, Jurgen. Conhecimento e interesse. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Zahar, 1987.KIRKPATRICK, Donald L. Como implementar os quatro níveis de avaliação de treinamento de equipes: um guia prático. 1 ed, Rio de Janeiro: Artmed, 2010.KNIGHT, Amy M. et al. Long?Term Follow?Up of a Longitudinal Faculty Development Program in Teaching Skills. Journal of general internal medicine, v. 20, n. 8, p. 721-725, Aug., 2005.MOORE, Philippa. Logros más alla de los objetivos: evaluación cualitativa de un programa de formación en educación médica. Revista médica de Chile, v. 142, n. 3, p. 336-343, mar., 2014.MORAHAN, Page S.; FLEETWOOD, J. Do we really value what our faculty do? Academic Physician & Scientist, p. 7-9, Sep.-Oct., 2009.NÓVOA, António. Formação de professores e profissão docente. Lisboa: Publicações Dom Quixote. Cap. 1, p. 1-27. 1992.PELIZZARI, Adriana et al. Teoria da aprendizagem significativa segundo Ausubel. Revista PEC, v. 2, n. 1, p. 37-42, jul., 2002.PERRON, Noelle Junod et al. Impact of a faculty development program for teaching communication skills on participants’ practice. Postgraduate medical journal, v. 90, n. 1063, p. 245-250, Apr., 2014.SARIKAYA, Ozlem et al. The impact of a faculty development program: evaluation based on the self-assessment of medical educators from preclinical and clinical disciplines. Advances in physiology education, v. 34, n. 2, p. 35-40, Jun., 2010.SCHÖN, Donald. A. Formar professores como profissionais reflexivos. In: NÓVOA, Antônio. Os professores e sua formação. Lisboa: Dom Quixote. v. 2, p. 77-91, 1992.SIMPSON, Deborah et al. Fifteen years of aligning faculty development with primary care clinician–educator roles and academic advancement at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Academic Medicine, v. 81, n. 11, p. 945-953, Nov., 2006.SINGH, Tejinder et al. Impact of a fellowship program for faculty development on the self-efficacy beliefs of health professions teachers: A longitudinal study. Medical teacher, v. 35, n. 5, p. 359-364, Jun., 2013.STEINERT, Yvonne et al. A systematic review of faculty development initiatives designed to improve teaching effectiveness in medical education: BEME Guide No. 8. Medical teacher, v. 28, n. 6, p. 497-526, Sep., 2006.STEINERT, Yvonne et al. Faculty development as an instrument of change: A case study on teaching professionalism. Academic Medicine, v. 82, n. 11, p. 1057-1064, Nov., 2007.WILKERSON, LuAnn; IRBY, David M. Strategies for improving teaching practices: a comprehensive approach to faculty development. Academic Medicine, v. 73, n. 4, p. 387-396, Apr., 1998.

In August 2008, long and narrow lesions were observed on leaves of corn (Zea mays L.) growing in a field in Pope County, Illinois. Lesions were 10 to 35 × 50 to 250 mm and were cream to tan. Dark pycnidia inside the lesions were immersed and approximately 350 μm in diameter. Affected leaves were collected and placed into a moist chamber to encourage the development of conidia. Conidia developed in cirri and were dark, one septate, and 7 to 11 × 59 to 87 μm. Cirri were streaked onto potato dextrose agar (PDA; Becton, Dickinson, and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and cultures arising from single conidia were transferred and maintained. On the basis of the corn leaf symptoms and the morphological characteristics of the pycnidia and conidia, the fungus was tentatively identified as Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton (1). To complete Koch's postulates, ‘Garst 84H80-3000GT’ corn was inoculated in the greenhouse. Conidia were produced by placing a S. macrospora isolate from Pope County, IL onto water agar containing autoclaved corn leaves and incubating at room temperature until pycnidia and conidia were produced (approximately 3 weeks). A conidial suspension was used to inoculate the leaf whorls of corn plants (approximately at the V4 growth stage). Control plants were mock inoculated with sterile water. The experiment was repeated once over time. Twenty days after inoculation, all plants inoculated with S. macrospora conidia developed lesions similar to those observed in the field, and mock-inoculated plants remained symptomless. The fungus was reisolated on PDA from the symptomatic leaves. In August 2009, symptomatic leaves similar to those observed in Pope County, IL in 2008 were observed and collected from corn fields in Gallatin and Vermillion counties. Pycnidia and conidia from these lesions were similar to those described above, and isolates from single conidia were obtained from these samples. To confirm the identity of all isolates collected, PCR amplification of the small subunit rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with primers EF3RCNL and ITS4 was conducted (3). The PCR product was sequenced with these primers at the Keck Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois, Urbana. The resulting nucleotide sequence was compared with small subunit rDNA and ITS sequences deposited in the GenBank nucleotide database, which revealed 99% homology to sequences of S. macrospora. In total, six of our S. macrospora isolates from Gallatin, Pope, and Vermillion counties were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture–Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection in Peoria, IL, where they have received NRRL Accession Nos. 54190–54195. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. macrospora affecting corn in Illinois. Although not observed in the Illinois corn fields described above, S. macrospora has been reported to infect stalks and ears (2). Because of the large leaf lesions caused by S. macrospora and its reported aggressiveness in causing disease on leaves, ears, and stalks, this pathogen has the potential to cause severe yield and quality losses to corn in the United States (2). References: (1) M. L. Carson. Diseases of minor importance or limited occurrence. Page 23 in: Compendium of Corn Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999. (2) F. M. Latterell and A. E. Rossi. Plant Dis. 67:725, 1983. (3) N. S. Lord et al. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 42:327, 2002.

We prove a functional equation for the characteristic ideal of the "big" Selmer group 𝒳(𝒯ℱ/F cyc ) associated to an ordinary Hida family of elliptic modular forms over the cyclotomic ℤp extension of a general number field F, under the assumption that there is at least one arithmetic specialization whose Selmer group is torsion over its Iwasawa algebra. For a general number field, the two-variable cyclotomic Iwasawa main conjecture for ordinary Hida family is not proved and this can be thought of as an evidence to the validity of the Iwasawa main conjecture. The central idea of the proof is to prove a variant of the result of Perrin-Riou [Groupes de Selmer et accouplements; cas particulier des courbes elliptiques, Doc. Math.2003 (2003) 725–760, Extra Volume: Kazuya Kato's fiftieth birthday] by constructing a generalized pairing on the individual Selmer groups corresponding to the arithmetic points and make use of the appropriate specialization techniques of Ochiai [Euler system for Galois deformations, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble)55(1) (2005) 113–146].

The concept of plants and microbes utilization for remediation measure of pollutant contaminated soil is the newest development in term of petroleum waste management technique. The research objective was to obtain wild grass types and hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria which are capable to synergize in decreasing petroleum concentration within petroleum contaminated soil. This research was conducted by using randomized completely block design. This research was conducted by using randomized completely block design. The first factor treatments were consisted of without plant, Tridax procumbens grass and Lepironia mucronata grass. The second factor treatments were consisted of without bacterium, single bacterium of Alcaligenes faecalis, single bacterium of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and mixed bacteria of Alcaligenes faecalis with P. alcaligenes. The results showed that mixed bacteria (A. faecalis and P. alcaligenes) were capable to increase the crown and roots dry weights of these two grasses, bacteria population, percentage of TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) decrease as well as TPH decrease and better pH value than that of single bacterium. The highest TPH decrease with magnitude of 70.1% was obtained on treatment of L. mucronata grass in combination with mixed bacteria.[How to Cite: Gofar N. 2013.Synergism of Wild Grass and Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria in Petroleum Biodegradation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 161-168. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.161][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.161]REFERENCESBello YM. 2007. Biodegradation of Lagoma crude oil using pig dung. Afr J Biotechnol 6: 2821-2825.Gerhardt KE, XD Huang, BR Glick and BM Greenberg. 2009. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation of organic soil contaminants: Potential and challenges. Plant Sci 176: 20-30.Glick BR. 2010. 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Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and some cations (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in a crude oil polluted soil and possible phytoremediation by Cynodon dactylon L (Bermuda grass). J Environ Earth Sci 2: 12-17.Pezeshki SR, MW Hester, Q Lin and JA Nyman. 2000. The effect of oil spill and clean-up on dominant US Gulf Coast Marsh Macrophytes: a review. Environ Pollution 108: 129-139.Pikoli MR, P Aditiawati and DI Astuti. 2000. Isolasi bertahap dan identifikasi isolat bakteri termofilik pendegradasi minyak bumi dari sumur bangko. Laporan Penelitian pada Jurusan Biologi, ITB, Bandung (unpublished, in Indonesian).Pilon-Smits E and JL Freeman. 2006. Environmental cleanup using plants: biotechnological advances and ecological considerations. Front Ecol Environ 4: 203-10. Rahman KSM, JT Rahman, P Lakshmanaperumalsamy, and IM Banat. 2002. Towards efficient crude oil degradation by a mixed bacterial consortium. Bioresource Technol 85: 257-261.Rossiana N. 2004. Oily Sludge Bioremediation with Zeolite and Microorganism and It’s Test with Albizia Plant (Paraserianthes falcataria) L (Nielsen). Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology Padjadjaran University, Bandung (unpublished).Rossiana, N. 2005. Penurunan Kandungan Logam Berat dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L (Nielsen) Bermikoriza dalam Media Limbah Lumpur Minyak Hasil Ekstraksi. Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Biologi Lingkungan Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung (in Indonesian).Sathishkumar M, B Arthur Raj, B Sang-Ho, and Y Sei-Eok. 2008. Biodegradation of crude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated areas clean. Ind J Biotechnol 36: 92-96.Shirdam R, AD Zand, GN Bidhendi and N Mehrdadi. 2008. Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils with emphasis on effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the growth of plant species. Phytoprotection 89: 21-29.Singer AC, DE Crowley and IP Thompson. 2003. Secondary plant metabolites in phytoremediation and biotransformation. Trends Biotechnol 21: 123-130.Singh A and OP Ward. 2004. Applied Bioremediation and Phytoremediation. Springler, Berlin, 281p.Surtikanti H and W Surakusumah. 2004. Peranan Tanaman dalam Proses Bioremediasi Oli Bekas dalam Tanah Tercemar. Ekol Biodivers Trop 2: 48-52 (in Indonesian).Wenzel WW. 2009. Rhizosphere processes and management in plant-assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) of soil. Plant Soil 321: 385-408.Widjajanti H, I Anas, N Gofar and MR Ridho. 2010. Screening of petroleum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria as a bioremediating agents from mangrove areas. Proceeding of International Seminar, workshop on integrated lowland development and management, pp. C7 1-9.Widjajanti H. 2012. Bioremediasi Minyak Bumi Menggunakan Bakteri dan Kapang Hidrokarbonoklastik dari Kawasan Mangrove Tercemar Minyak Bumi. [Disertasi]. Universitas Sriwijaya (in Indonesian).

Este artículo de reflexión es el resultado de la revisión analítica, interpretativa y crítica de los documentos, leyes y jurisprudencia relacionada con el derecho al olvido de los pederastas, la pedofilia y la pederastia, cumpliendo con los objetivos principales de clarificar los conceptos objeto de discusión y formular posibles alternativas frente a las escasas limitaciones para la vinculación al mercado laboral de quienes han sido condenados por delitos sexuales contra menores de catorce años. Mediante la utilización del tipo de investigación dogmática, descriptiva y de análisis estático de precedente se logró concluir que la pedofilia, al ser una enfermedad incurable, debe ser tratada con el fin de evitar su materialización en la pederastia y, como medida preventiva de delitos, el Congreso de la República de Colombia ostenta la misión de reglar el manejo de las bases de datos de los condenados por estos delitos a través de una ley estatutaria. 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The debate about diagnoses and treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in children continue to range on between the developmental and biological perspectives. While there is increasing evidence that support the biological susceptibility of the disorder, a number of researches also emphasized the significant effect of environment on the syndrome. This study used developmental perspectives to evaluate and bring together various bio-psychosocial factors that impact on children diagnosed with ADHD. The study explored and integrated the existing and advancing study on ADHD to a more refined pattern that embraced developmental perspectives. The study also discussed how the linkage in childhood ADHD fits within the developmental psychopathology perspective. 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Abstract Abstract 2986 Poster Board II-962 Introduction: The protein C pathway is believed to be a crucial regulator of coagulation. Similar to the adult population, it is of utmost importance in pediatric patients to maintain the balance between pro- and anticoagulatory signals (Petaja and Manco-Johnson 2003). Cancer patients have been shown to have cancer and cancer-therapy associated pathologies of the protein C pathway. (Nijziel, van Oerle et al. 2003; Woodley-Cook, Shin et al. 2006). A test evaluating the response of the protein C pathway after activation of endogenous protein C has been shown to be a sensitive tool to screen for protein C deficiency and APC resistance whereas protein S deficiency is detected less reliably (Toulon, Halbmeyer et al. 2000). This is in line with findings suggesting that any pathology of this assay is related to an increased risk of VTE, independent of the pathology related to the abnormality of the test result (Toulon, Perez et al. 2007). Similarly, patients with idiopathic pregnancy loss were found to have a pathological response independent of the pathology related (Sarig, Lanir et al. 2002). Methods: We therefore evaluated the influence of different variables on the results of the global protein C assay (Pro C Global on a BCS analyzer, Siemens, Marburg, Germany) in 431 children enrolled into the Thrombotect study. The Thrombotect study is a prospective, randomized trial evaluating unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin vs antithrombin replacement for prevention of thromboembolism in children undergoing asparaginase containing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblasic leukaemia within the BFM protocol. A multivariate linear regression analysis on results obtained before treatment was performed (MedCalc 10.0.1). Results: To date (as of 8/09), 720 children have been randomized in the Thrombotect trial. At the time, we had complete data for laboratory evaluation available for 431 children on day 0 of the treatment protocol. Free protein S, IgG antibodies against cardiolipin or phosphatidlyserine, dRVVT, fibrinogen, the presence of F II G20210A, homocystein concentration, Lp(a) concentration and PAI-1 activity had no predictive value towards the protein C pathway assay result in this multivariate analysis. In contrast, the protein C pathway activity was expectedly shown to be dependent on the presence of the F V Leiden mutation (p<0.0001), protein C activity (p<0.0001) and F VIIIc (p=0.0001). Unexpectedly, the protein C pathway activity was also dependent on antithrombin activity (p=0.0166), F XIIc (p=0.0137) and IgM (but not IgG) antibodies against cardiolipin (p=0.0304) and phosphatidylserine (p=0.0006) in this multivariate analysis. Importantly, the association between protein C pathway activity and the “unexpected” predictors were independent of whether or not the results were in the reference range or not (median [95% CI] antithrombin activity 0.95 [0.93-0.97], median F XIIc 0.94 [0.90-0.98], median ACL IgM 2 [2-3] U/ml, median APS IgM 2 [2-3] U/ml). Conclusions: The protein C pathway is believed to be a crucial regulatory element of haemostasis. Our results from a large cohort (n = 431) of children with ALL and thus at risk for thromboembolism indicate that the protein C pathway is -expectedly (such as F V Leiden mutation, protein C activity, F VIIIc) and unexpectedly (such as antithrombin activity and the concentration of antiphospholipid IgM antibodies) - interdependent with many other variables of the coagulation system. These data provide evidence that the protein C pathway ex vivo in children with ALL is targeted by various elements of other haemostasis pathways in a significant manner in multivariate analysis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Previous literature in cognitive psychology has provided data involving differences in language processing between men and women. It has been found that women are usually more proficient with certain semantic categories such as fruit, vegetables and furniture. Men are reported to be better at other categories semantic, e.g. tools and transport. The aim of this article is to provide an inquiry about possible differences in semantic category processing of living things (LT) and inanimate objects (IO) by Argentinian Spanish-speakers school-aged children. The group of 86 children between 8 and 12 years old (51.16% boys) has been assessed on a semantic fluency task. Six semantic categories have been tested, three of them from the LT domain (animals, fruit/vegetables, and body parts) and three from the IO domain (transport, clothes and musical instruments). Results showed differences in semantic processing between boys and girls. Girls retrieved more items from the LT domain and activated more animals and fruit/vegetables. These findings appear to support an innate conceptual organization of the mind, which is presumably influenced by cultural factors and/or schooling. References Albanese, E., Capitani, E., Barbarotto, R., & Laiacona, M. (2000). Semantic categorydissociations, familiarity and gender. Cortex, 36, 733–746. Barbarotto, R., Laiacona, M., & Capitani, E. (2008). Does sex influence the age of acquisitionof common names? A contrast of different semantic categories. Cortex, 44(9), 1161–1170. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2007.08.016 Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., & Barbarotto, R. (1999). Gender affects Word retrieval of certaincategories in semantic fluency tasks. Cortex, 35, 273–278. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70800-1 Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A. (2003). What are the facts ofsemantic category-specific deficits? 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Gender-Related Dissociations of CategoricalFluency in Normal Subjects and in Subjects With Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropsychology,21(2), 207–211. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.207 Martínez-Cuitiño, M.; Shalóm, D.; Borovinsky, G.; Szenkman, D. & Fumagalli, J. (2014)¿Diferencias en el procesamiento semántico en niños en edad escolar? (77). Memorias delVI Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Práctica Profesional en Psicología, XXIJornadas de Investigación, décimo encuentro de investigadores en Psicología del Mercosur.Adicciones: Desafíos y perspectivas para la investigación. McKenna, P., & Parry, R. (1994). Category-specificity in the naming of natural and man-madeobjects. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 4, 255–281. doi: 10.1080/09602019408401461 Moreno-Martínez, F. J., & Montoro, P. R. (2008). The impact of dementia , age and sex oncategory fluency: Greater deficits in women with Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex, 44,1256–1264. Moreno-Martínez, F. J. & Moratilla-Pérez, I. (2016). Naming and Categorization in HealthyParticipants: Crowded Domains and Blurred Effects of Gender. The Spanish Journal ofPsychology 19, 49, 1–15. doi:10.1017/sjp.2016.59 Nieto, A., Galtier, I., Barroso, J., & Espinosa, G. (2008). Fluencia verbal en niños españoles enedad escolar: estudio normativo piloto y análisis de las estrategias organizativas. Revista deNeurología, 46(1), 2–6. Olabarrieta Landa, L., Benito Sanchez, I., Landa Torre, E., López Mugartza Iriarte, J., Alegret,M., Arango-Lasprilla, J. (2015) The Effect of Specific Language on Performance on VerbalFluency Tasks in Basque-Spanish Bilinguals. Arch ClinNeuropsychol, 30(6), 565. doi:10.1093/arclin/acv047.208 Pekkala, S., Goral, M., Hyun, J., Obler, L. K., Erkinjuntti, T., & & Albert, M. (2009).Semantic verbal fluency in two contrasting languages. Clin Linguist Phon., 23(6), 431–445.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699200902839800 Riva, D., Nichelli, F., & Devoti, M. (2000). 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The genus Fritillaria Linnaeus (1753: 303) (Liliaceae) is the largest within Liliaceae tribe Lilieae Lam. & DC. (Peruzzi et al. 2009a, Carta & Peruzzi 2016). The latter tribe is composed by bulbous, herbaceous plants, with a bulb composed by 2–3 to many scales, anthers dorsifixed, fruit a loculicide capsule with seeds usually winged (Peruzzi 2016). Fritillaria includes about 140 species of perennial bulbous geophytes distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, from North America to Mediterranean region and temperate Asia (Bartolucci et al. 2009), and is subdivided in eight subgenera and a number of sections and series. Fritillaria messanensis Raf. in Desveaux (1814: 272) belongs to F. subg. Fritillaria sect. Fritillaria. According to Kamari & Phitos (2006), Peruzzi et al. (2009b) and Kranjčev & Šešok (2016), F. messanensis consists of four subspecies: F. messanensis subsp. messanensis, occurring in Greece (Mt. Olimbos and Peloponnese) and S Italy (Calabria and Sicily); F. messanensis subsp. gracilis (Ebel 1842: 8) Rix (1978: 356), occurring in the Ionian Islands, Albania, S Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro (see also Tomović et al. 2007); F. messanensis subsp. neglecta (Parlatore 1857: 415) Nyman (1882: 721), endemic to Croatia, and F. messanensis subsp. sphaciotica (Gandoger 1916: 156.) Kamari & Phitos (2006: 225), endemic to Crete.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the fluoride concentration in the public water supply at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station of Bauru and classify the samples as acceptable or unacceptable according to the fluoride concentration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: samples were collected from 30 areas at two periods, October 2002 and March 2003. The fluoride concentration in the samples was determined in duplicate, using an ion sensitive electrode (Orion 9609) connected to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). Samples with fluoride concentration ranging from 0.55 to 0.84 mg F/L were considered acceptable, and those whose concentration was outside this range as unacceptable. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: the fluoride concentration of the water samples varied between 0.31 and 2.01 mg F/L. Nearly 56% of the samples were classified as acceptable. CONCLUSION: the variations in fluoride concentration at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station reinforce the need of constant monitoring for maintenance of adequate fluoride levels in the public water supply.

AbstractLet $({\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {Z}}} ,F)$ be a bipermutative algebraic cellular automaton. We present conditions that force a probability measure, which is invariant for the $ {\mathbb {N}} \times {\mathbb {Z}} $-action of F and the shift map σ, to be the Haar measure on Σ, a closed shift-invariant subgroup of the abelian compact group $ {\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {Z}}} $. This generalizes simultaneously results of Host et al (B. Host, A. Maass and S. Martínez. Uniform Bernoulli measure in dynamics of permutative cellular automata with algebraic local rules. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 9(6) (2003), 1423–1446) and Pivato (M. Pivato. Invariant measures for bipermutative cellular automata. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 12(4) (2005), 723–736). This result is applied to give conditions which also force an (F,σ)-invariant probability measure to be the uniform Bernoulli measure when F is a particular invertible affine expansive cellular automaton on $ {\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {N}}} $.

The linear stability of parallel shear flows of incompressible viscous fluids is classically described by the Orr–Sommerfeld equation in the disturbance streamfunction. This fourth-order equation is obtained by eliminating the pressure from the linearized Navier–Stokes equation. Here we consider retaining the primitive velocity-pressure formulation, as is required for general multidimensional geometries for which the streamfunction is unavailable; this affords a uniform description of one-, two-, and three-dimensional flows and their perturbations. The Orr–Sommerfeld equation is here discretized using Python and scikit- fem, in classical and primitive forms with Hermite and Mini elements, respectively. The solutions for the standard test problem of plane Poiseuille flow show the primitive formulation to be simple, clear, very accurate, and better-conditioned than the classical. References L. Allen and T. J. Bridges. Numerical exterior algebra and the compound matrix method. Numer. 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Chebyshev tau-QZ algorithm methods for calculating spectra of hydrodynamic stability problems. Appl. Numer. Math. 22 (1996), pp. 399–434. doi: 10.1016/S0168-9274(96)00049-9 P. G. Drazin and W. H. Reid. Hydrodynamic Stability. Cambridge University Press, 2004. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511616938 A. Ern. Éléments finis. Paris: Dunod, 2005. url: https://www.dunod.com/sciences-techniques/aide-memoire-elements-finis T. Gustafsson and G. D. McBain. scikit-fem: A Python package for finite element assembly. J. Open Source Softw. 5, 2369 (2020). doi: 10.21105/joss.02369 N. P. Kirchner. Computational aspects of the spectral Galerkin FEM for the Orr–Sommerfeld equation. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 32 (2000), pp. 105–121. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(20000115)32: 1<105::AID-FLD938>3.0.CO;2-X Y. S. Li and S. C. Kot. One-dimensional finite element method in hydrodynamic stability. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 17 (1981), pp. 853–870. doi: 10.1002/nme.1620170604 M. Mamou and M. Khalid. 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Abstract Introduction: While the chemoimmunotherapy combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard-of-care in 1L treatment for DLBCL, 30-40% of patients either relapse or are refractory to R-CHOP (Coiffier et al. N Engl J Med 2002). The initiation of subsequent therapies post relapse is integral to relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL management and is associated with substantial treatment cost. Previous studies of treatment costs for R/R DLBCL patients are outdated and exclude novel therapies (e.g. chimeric antigen receptor [CAR-]T therapies). Thus, the cost of disease progression may be underestimated. Using data through 2020, we sought to understand the economic burden associated with disease progression in the DLBCL treatment landscape. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data from IQVIA PharMetrics ® Plus (a US commercial claims database). We identified patients ≥18 years, who received 1L R-CHOP treatments between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2018. Patients were required to have ≥1 inpatient claim or ≥2 outpatient claims with a DLBCL diagnosis from 1 year before to 90 days after initiating R-CHOP. End of therapy was defined as a gap of ≥60 days in the treatment regimen or initiation of new agents (OPTUM 2018). Using this definition as a proxy for progression, patients not receiving second-line (2L) treatment for ≥2 years were assigned to the 'no progression' cohort and those who initiated non-R-CHOP therapy after 1L therapy to the 'progression' cohort. In both cohorts, index date was defined as either 60 days after the end of 1L treatment, or the initiation of 2L treatment, whichever occurred first. All patients had continuous enrollment in medical and pharmacy benefits between R-CHOP initiation and ≥2 years post index date, allowing time for post-1L relapse. Costs per-patient-per-month (PPPM) and 3-year cumulative all-cause costs (2020 USD) were compared between cohorts. Generalized linear models (gamma distribution with log link) were performed to adjust for baseline characteristics, including age and payer type at index, sex, US region, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and baseline total cost of care 1 year before index date. Results: Overall, 871 patients were identified; 58% were female. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age and CCI (excluding malignancy) at index date were 58.0 (11.7) years, and 2.5 (3.1) years, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 45 months. Patients in the 'no progression' cohort (N = 725; 83.2%) had similar baseline characteristics to those in the 'progression' cohort (N = 146; 16.8%). About half (N = 76; 52.1%) of the progression cohort had multiple relapse events, with 30.8% receiving ≥4 lines of therapy. Among the progression cohort, 73 (50.0%) and 10 (6.8%) patients received stem-cell transplant (SCT) and CAR-T therapy, respectively. The mean PPPM cost was higher among progressors than non-progressors (unadjusted: $10,163 vs $1,569; adjusted: $10,554 vs $1,561, p &lt; 0.001, Table 1). The major cost driver for disease progression was inpatient costs (41.7% of total costs for progressors vs 19.1% for non-progressors). Cost of progression associated with multiple relapse events was more than twice the cost associated with a single event (unadjusted: $13,934 vs $6,069; adjusted: $14,676 vs $6,216, p &lt; 0.001, Table 1). Compared with no progression, receiving novel treatments after 1L was associated with considerably higher costs (unadjusted: $14,539 [SCT] and $25,032 [CAR-T] vs $1,569; adjusted: $14,306 [SCT/CAR-T] vs $1,549, p &lt; 0.001, Table 2). Similar trends were seen comparing unadjusted 3-year cumulative costs based on month of disease progression in patients in the 'no progression', 'progression' and SCT/CAR-T subgroups (Figure 1). Conclusion: In this analysis of insurance claims through 2020, we systematically selected patients who survived for at least 2 years after the index date; this represented approximately 80% of DLBCL patients treated with 1L R-CHOP. The cost of disease progression in DLBCL is considerable, especially among patients receiving novel treatments as later lines of therapy. The costs for patients experiencing multiple relapse events were more than twice the cost for patients with a single relapse event. Effective frontline treatments for DLBCL are needed to reduce the economic burden associated with disease progression. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Wang: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Novavax, Inc.: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Oragenics, Inc.: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; The SPHERE Institute: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; TG Therapeutics, Inc.: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Roth: Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Bayer Healthcare: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Epigenomics AG: Consultancy. Ng: Genentech, Inc./F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health: Ended employment in the past 24 months. Hossain: Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; Legend Biotech: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months, Ended employment in the past 24 months; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Li: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Masaquel: Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company.

During 2007 to 2009, symptomatic and asymptomatic soybean plants were collected from fields in 18 Iowa counties. Fusarium isolates were recovered from surface-sterilized root tissue on peptone PCNB agar (2). Single-spore isolates were transferred to synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA) overlain with pieces (1 × 2 cm) of sterile filter paper, and to potato dextrose agar (PDA), and placed in the dark for 10 to 14 days for morphological identification (4). Twenty-three isolates were identified as Fusarium commune K. Skovg., O'Donnell & Nirenberg, previously in the F. oxysporum species complex (4). Colonies on PDA had white, fluffy, aerial mycelium with magenta to violet pigmentation in the medium. On SNA, macroconidia, chlamydospores, and microconidia on monophialides and polyphialides were consistent with the species description (4). Identification of all 23 isolates was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the translation elongation factor (EF1-α) gene, using ef1 and ef2 primers, and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), using primers MS1 and MS2 (4) [GenBank accessions for two representative isolates: EF1-α (JX289892 and JX289893), and mtSSU (JX289894 and, JX289895)]. Pathogenicity of two representative isolates of F. commune was tested on soybean (cv. AG2403) in a greenhouse, in water baths set at 18°C, using autoclaved soil mixed with infested sand-cornmeal inoculum (3). The experiment entailed a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications (single plant/150 ml cone) per treatment, and was conducted three times. Dry root and shoot weights, and root rot severity (visual estimate of percent root rot on the entire root system) were evaluated after 6 weeks. Mean seedling emergence in soil infested with F. commune was 47 and 40% for the two isolates; in contrast, non-inoculated control plants had 100% emergence. There were significant differences in root (P < 0.0001) and shoot (P < 0.0001) weights, and root rot severity (P < 0.0001), between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Seedlings that emerged were severely stunted and had dark brown lesions. F. commune was reisolated from infected roots of inoculated plants, but not from non-inoculated plants. Pathogenicity of both isolates to soybean (cv. MN1805) was also tested using a petri dish assay, in which eight seeds were placed on a plate with a 4-day-old culture growing on 2% water agar (1). Plates were rated 7 days later for seed germination, seed rot, and lesion development, using an ordinal scale (1). The experiment entailed a CRD with three replicate plates/treatment, and was conducted three times. Germination of inoculated seeds ranged from 37.5 to 75.0%, and germinated seedlings had dark brown lesions on the taproots. There was a significant difference between isolates in the petri dish assay (P = 0.0030); one isolate was less aggressive, but both isolates resulted in significantly more disease than on the non-inoculated control plants, which had 100% germination and no symptoms (P < 0.0001). F. oxysporum is a known soybean pathogen (1), but isolates of F. commune may have been misidentified as F. oxysporum in previous studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. commune as a pathogen on soybean in the U.S.A. References: (1) K. E. Broders et al. Plant Dis. 91:727, 2007. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2006. (3) G. P. Munkvold and J. K. O'Mara. Plant Dis. 86:143, 2002. (4) K. Skovgaard et al. Mycologia. 94:630, 2003.

e22004 Background: Each year 413.000 new pediatric cancer cases are expected in children and adolescents aged 0-14 globally. The access to care is still a barrier to improve the survival rates in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Pediatric cancer registry is the essential element of pediatric cancer control. Here, we present the results of the 21 years of the pediatric cancer registry from Turkey. Methods: Turkish Pediatric Oncology Group and Turkish Pediatric Hematology Association has established the pediatric cancer registry in 2002. The childhood cancer cases registered between 2002-2022 was included in this analysis. International Childhood Cancer Classification System was used for the classification. Essential demographic findings, ICD-O-3 morphology and topography codes were recorded for each case. Results: During the 21 years from 2002 to 2022, 46067 cases were registered. For all cases, median age was 6.5 year (0-19; M/F 25079/20176, 6 hermaphrodite, 6 unknown). Age distribution was 0-4 yrs, 41.5%; 5-9 yrs, 24.7%; 10-14 yrs, 23.0%; 15-19 yrs, 10.7%) The distribution of the tumor types were [number of cases, percentage of total, median age yrs, M/F]: Leukemia (13190, 28.6%, 5.6, 7640/5550); Lymphoma & other RES tumors (8194, 17.8%, 9.1, 5435/2756, 1 hermaphrodite & 2 unknown); CNS [brain & spinal] (6606, 14.3%, 6.8, 3670/2935, 1 unkown); Symphatetic system (3411, 7.4%, 2.3, 1755/1656); Retinoblastoma (1386, 3.0%, 1.5, 726/660); Renal (2095, 4.5%, 3.1, 1032/1061, 1 hermaphrodite & 1 unknown); Liver (681, 1.5%, 2.1, 400/281); Malignant bone (2809, 6.1%, 12.5, 1569/1240); Soft tissue sarcomas (3209, 7.0%, 7.3, 1810/1399); Germ cell (2663, 5.8%, 8.6, 957/1700, 4 hermaphrodite, 2 unknown); Carcinoma & other malignant epithelial (1494, 3.2%, 13.0, 721/773); Other/non-specific malignant (329, 0.7%, 7.4, 164/165). Five year survival rate was found as 70.8% Conclusions: This is a successful example of a pediatric cancer registry from a middle income country covering the period of more than 20 years. The survival rates for children and adolescents have been improved to 70% which is comparable for middle income countries and reflects the level of the pediatric cancer care in Turkey. It became a valuable source for stakeholders in national and international level.

O mercado de trabalho formal passou por mudanças ao longo dos anos, ressignificando o papel da mulher e trazendo novas óticas ao processo produtivo. Este trabalho investiga a possível convergência para a igualdade de gênero nas admissões do mercado de trabalho formal rural da cidade de Belém. Com dados extraídos do CAGED no período de 2004 a 2019, utilizou-se o modelo sazonal autorregressivo integrado de médias móveis – SARIMA. Estimou-se, em média, que haverá igualdade nas admissões na capital do estado do Pará em um cenário otimista (09/2027), em média 09/2037 e pessimista 08/2053. Referências AGÉNOR, P.; CANUTO, O. (2015). Gender equality and economic growth in Brazil: A long-run analysis. Journal of Macroeconomics, 43, 155. AKAIKE, H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control., Boston, v.19, n.6, p.716-723, Dec. 1974. AKAIKE, H. Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In Proc. 2nd Inter. Symposium on Information Theory, pp. 267-281, Budapest. 1973. BAYLÃO, André Luis da Silva; SCHETTINO, Elisa Mara Oliveira. A inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. XI SEGeT-Simpósio de Excelência em Gestão e Tecnologia. Anais do XI Simpósio de Excelência em Gestão e Tecnologia. Resende-Rio de Janeiro, 2014. BARBOSA, Ana Luiza Neves de Holanda. Participação feminina no mercado de trabalho. Boletim Mercado de trabalho brasileiro. (Conjuntura e Análise nº 57). 2014. BARBOSA, Ana Luiza Neves de Holanda; COSTA, Joana Simões de Melo. Oferta de creche e participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho do Brasil. Boletim Mercado de Trabalho. (Conjuntura e Análise nº 62). 2017. BENERIA, Lourdes. Introducción. La mujer y el género sem la economia: sem panorama general. Gender, Development and Globalization. Copyright, 2004. BORDALO, C. A. Os caminhos da política: o sindicalismo rural e os movimentos de mulheres trabalhadoras rurais em Pernambuco. 2011. 158 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2011. BUENO, R. L. S. Econometria de séries temporais. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2011. 320p. CAMARGO, Thatianne Pinto. Os desafios encontrados na inserção da mulher no agronegócio. 2018. 41 f. TCC (Graduação) - Curso de Administração, Faculdade Evangélica de Jaraguá, Jaraguá, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.aee.edu.br/bitstream/aee/1055/1/2018-1_TCC_CamargoThatiannePinto.pdf. Acesso em: 25 out. 2021. COSTA, J. S. M. Determinantes da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. 2007. Tese (Mestrado em Economia) – Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2007. DEERE, C. D. Os direitos da mulher à terra e os movimentos sociais rurais na reforma agrária brasileira. Estudos Feministas, Florianópolis, v. 12, n. 1, p. 175-204, jan./abr. 2004. DEERE, C. D. ; LEÓN, M.O empoderamento da mulher. Porto Alegre: Ed. da UFRGS, 2002. EHLERS, R. S. Análise de séries temporais. In: Notas de aula de séries temporais. São Paulo: USP, 2007. Disponível em: http://www.each.usp.br/rvicente/AnaliseDeSeriesTemporais.pdf. Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T. J. & Stock, J. H. Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica 64: 813-836, 1996. ESTIVAL, K. G. S. Reflexões sobre o trabalho das mulheres rurais no brasil na perspectiva da economia feminista. Revista Caribeña de Ciencias Sociales, v. 1, p. 12-20, 2014. FAO (Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e a Alimentação). (2011), O Estado Mundial de la Agricultura y la Alimentación. Roma, FAO, parte I. FARIA, Nalu; NOBRE, Miriam (Orgs.). Economia feminista. São Paulo: SOF, 2002. FAVA, V. Manual de econometria. In: VASCONCELOS, M. A. S.; D. São Paulo: Editora Atlas, 2000. FERREIRA, Pedro Guilherme Costa; MATTOS, Daiane Marcolino. Modelo SARIMA. In: Anna Carolina Barros et al. (org.). Análise de séries temporais em R: um curso introdutório. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2018. Cap. 4. p. 121-2143.

e16087 Background: Systemic intravenous gemcitabine is usually used in advanced bladder carcinoma, intravesical G is a novel treatment approach for TCC. In this study we evaluate the efficacy of intravesical Gemcitabine in patients (pts) with superficial bladder carcinoma. Methods: From February 2003 to June 2004, 60 pts (57M/3F) were enrolled in the study (M/F = 57/3). The median age was 59,5 years old (24–84). Nine pts had a carcinoma in situ (Cis) and 51 had pT1 lesions. Three weeks after a total transurethral resection (TUR), patients receive intravesical instillation of 2000 mg G every week for 6 weeks, than every month for six months. They received a total of 720 instillations, Follow up was with cystoscopy and urine cytology every six months. Results: At a median follow-up time 60 months, all patients were evaluable for tumor response: 23(38, 3%) patient had a persistant complete remission after treatment, 26 patients (43,3%) had a superficial relapse of TCC, six patients (10%) had progressive disease: four with muscle invasion and two with distant metastasis. Conclusions: Intravesical therapy with gemcitabine is active and well tolerated treatment in patients with superficial TCC carcinoma of the bladder. A phase III trial comparing GEM with intravesical BCG or MMC is warranted No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The aim of this paper was to identify which psycholinguistic variables are better predictors of performance for healthy participants in a picture naming task and in a picture categorization task. A correlation analysis and a Path analysis were carried out. The correlation analysis showed that naming accuracy and naming latency are significant and positively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables, whereas they are negatively correlated with H index. Reaction times in the categorization task were negatively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables and positively correlated with visual complexity variable. The Path analysis showed that subjective lexical frequency and H index are the better predictors for picture naming task. In picture categorization task, for reaction times, the better predictor variables were subjective lexical frequency, conceptual familiarity and visual complexity. 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Методом синхротронной спектроскопии ближней тонкой структуры края рентгеновского поглощения (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure – XANES) проведена диагностика массивов столбиков никеля, случайным образом распределенных в слое SiO2 на подложке кремния. Столбики никеля были получены методом электрохимического осаждения металла в поры матрицы диоксида кремния, сформированные трековым методом. Латентные треки формировались путем облучения слоя SiO2 тяжелыми ионами золота на ускорителе института Хан-Майтнер (Берлин, Германия). Методом растровой электронной микроскопии установлены особенности заполнения пор металлом, показана специфика образования столбиков Ni, их морфология (поверхность и сколы). Для исследований электронно-энергетического строения массивов Ni столбиков методом XANES использовалось высокоинтенсивное синхротронное излучение ультрамягкого рентгеновского диапазона накопительного кольца BESSY II Гельмгольц Центра Берлин. Путем анализа локального окружения атомов никеля и кислорода по данным синхротронного метода XANES изучена специфика фазового состава поверхностных слоев, включая интерфейс столбик-матрица. Возможное образование фазы силицида никеля показано лишь при определенных режимах формирования массивов столбиков, в случае частичного разрушения матрицы диоксида кремния и при контакте металла с подложкой Si. Изучена специфика естественного окисления поверхности гетероструктуры столбик никеля - диоксид кремния. ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РФФИ (проект №18-32-01046 мол_а) и при частичной поддержке Миниcтеpcтва обpазования и науки Pоccийcкой Федеpации в pамкаx гоcудаpcтвенного задания ВУЗам в cфеpе научной деятельности на 2017–2020 гг. – пpоект № 16.8158.2017/8.9. 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5078 Background: Systemic intravenous G is usually used in advanced bladder carcinoma. A phase I study of intravesical G has shown safety profile in pts refractory to BCG therapy (Dalbani G et al JCO 2002; 20:3193–98). In this study we evaluate the toxicity and the efficacy of intravesical G in patients (pts) with superficial bladder carcinoma. Methods: The study population criteria were: age = 18 years old, histological diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder (Cis and pT1) confirmed by transurethral resection (TUR), no prior chemotherapy, a performance status (PS) < 2, good bone marrow reserve, adequate renal and liver function and informed consent. Three weeks after a total TUR, pts receive intravesical instillation of 2,000 mg G every wk for 6 wks, than every month for six months. Evaluation is performed 3–4 wks after the last instillation (CT scan and/or US pelvis, urinary cytology and cystoscopy with biopsy). Results: From February 2003 to June 2004, 60 pts (57M/3F) were enrolled in the study (M/F = 57/3). The median age was 59,5 years old (24–84). Nine pts had a carcinoma in situ (Cis) and 51 had pT1 lesions. They received a total of 720 instillations. All pts were evaluable for toxicity and response Toxicity (CTC/NCI scale) is evaluated over the 720 instillations. Non haematological toxicity was grade 1: irritate bladder reaction (4.7%), asthenia (2.9%), nausea and vomiting (1.8%) and hot flashes (2%). Grade 1 haematological toxicity: anaemia (6.8%), leucopenia (4.5%) and thrombocytopenia (0.4%). After a follow-up time of 30 to 48 months, all pts were evaluable for tumor response: 53 patient had a persistant complete remission after TUR. Five patients (8.3%) had a superficial relapse of TCC (one at six months, 2 at 9 months and 2 others at 12 months). Two patients had progressive disease at 18 months and 27 months. Conclusion: Intravesical G is an active and well tolerated treatment even after repeated instillation in pts with superficial TCC carcinoma of the bladder. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

In order to realize alternative fueling for military and commercial use, industry guidelines be met. These aviation fueling requirements are outlined in MIL-DTL-83133F(2008) or ASTM D 7566-Annex standards and are classified as “drop-in” fuel replacements. This paper provides combustor performance data for synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene- (SPK-) type (Fisher-Tropsch (FT)) fuel and blends with JP8+100, relative to JP-8+100 as baseline fueling. Data were taken at various nominal inlet conditions: 75psia (0.52 MPa) at 500°F (533 K), 125 psia (0.86 MPa) at 625°F (603 K), 175 psia (1.21 MPa) at 725°F (658 K), and 225 psia (1.55 MPa) at 790 F (694 K). Combustor performance analysis assessments were made for the change in flame temperatures, combustor efficiency, wall temperatures, and exhaust plane temperatures at 3%, 4%, and 5% combustor pressure drop (%P) for fuel:air ratios (F/A) ranging from 0.010 to 0.025. Significant general trends show lower liner temperatures and higher flame and combustor outlet temperatures with increases in FT fueling relative to JP8+100 fueling. The latter affects both turbine efficiency and blade/vane life. In general, 100% SPK-FT fuel and blends with JP-8+100 produce less particulates and less smoke and have lower thermal impact on combustor hardware.

In Argentina, olives (Olea europaea) are planted on approximately 90,000 ha located primarily in the northwest continental regions. During a 2005 survey, root rot was recorded at several olive plantations in Catamarca, La Rioja, and San Juan provinces (3). Aboveground symptoms associated with root rot were twigs wilting with or without chlorosis, defoliation, and death. Symptoms were initiated on lateral branches and sometimes affected the entire crown. Even if young (5-year-old) trees displayed root rot, aerial symptoms may or may not be seen until years later. Disease incidence varied from 3 to 30%. Rotted rootlets were associated mainly with the infection of Phytophthora palmivora Butler and less frequently with another Phytophthora species. Isolates of this species were heterothallic, had a fluffy growth on carrot agar, and arachnoid growth on potato dextrose agar. Chlamydospores approximately 36 μm in diameter were also produced. The species developed prominent, papillate, noncaducous sporangia of different shapes ranging from ellipsoid to spherical when submerged in saline solution. Sporangia were 35 to 57 × 25 to 45 μm (average 44 × 33 μm), L:B ratio from 1.1 to 1.7. Isolates formed oogonia and amphyginous antheridia following mating type assays. On the basis of morphological features, these isolates were identified as P. nicotianae Breda de Haan. Identity was confirmed by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (GenBank Accession No. FJ746693) (1). One-year-old O. europea seedlings were challenged with P. nicotianae (A1 isolates 306G and 339) through soil infestation assay in a growth chamber at 25°C. Infested and uninfested autoclaved millet grains moistened with V8 juice were used to inoculate 15 olive seedlings per isolate and controls, respectively. Fifty days after inoculation, seedlings showed foliar symptoms similar to those observed in the field and had an average of 50% reduction in the root system. Control plants remained healthy. P. nicotianae was always reisolated from symptomatic roots. P. nicotianae was reported on Citrus aurantium in Argentina in 1947 and is currently associated with several hosts (2). In 2002, the same species was reported associated with olive root rot in southern Italy (4). It is possible that P. nicotianae was recently introduced into Argentina through importation of Mediterranean olive varieties. The demonstrated pathogenicity of P. nicotianae on olive together with the recently reported detection of P. palmivora (3) presents a serious threat to olive cultivation in Argentina. References: (1) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30:17, 2000. (2) M. J. Frezzi. Rev. Investig. Agric. 4:47, 1950. (3) G. Lucero et al. Plant Pathol. 56:728, 2007. (4) F. Nigro and A. Ippolito. Acta Hortic. 586:777, 2002.

In a survey for Fusarium root rot, soybean plants were sampled from eight counties across Iowa in 2008 to 2009. Fusarium isolates were recovered from surface-sterilized symptomatic and asymptomatic root tissue by culturing on peptone PCNB agar (2). Single-spore isolates were transferred to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) for morphological identification; 11 isolates were identified as F. armeniacum (Forbes, Windels, and Burgess) Burgess and Summerell (previously F. acuminatum ssp. armeniacum) (2). Colonies on PDA produced white aerial mycelium, red to apricot pigment in agar, and bright orange sporodochia in the center of the culture. Some isolates produced a pionnotal form of slow-growing colonies with little aerial mycelium and abundant orange sporodochia. On CLA, macroconidia in orange sporodochia on carnation leaves and chlamydospores formed abundantly, but microconidia were absent (2). Species identity for the 11 isolates was confirmed by sequencing of the elongation factor gene (EF1-α) using ef1 and ef2 primers (4) (reference sequences deposited in GenBank JX101763 and JX101764). Pathogenicity of seven F. armeniacum isolates was tested using surface-sterilized soybean seed, cv. AG2403, in a petri dish assay with 3-day-old cultures on 2% water agar (1). Germination, seed rot, and lesion development were scored 7 dai using an ordinal scale (1). The experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD), had three replicate plates per isolate, and was conducted twice. All seven isolates were pathogenic on soybean, though variation in aggressiveness was observed among isolates (P < 0.0001) related to colony morphology on PDA. Seed germination was 0 to 40% when inoculated with four isolates showing white fluffy aerial mycelium on PDA. Seedlings were severely stunted with dark brown lesions covering a majority of the root system. When inoculated with three isolates showing the pionnotal form of slow-growing mycelium, germination was 70 to 100%, with few small brown lesions (~5 to 10 mm) on the roots. Noninoculated controls showed 100% germination and no symptoms. Pathogenicity was also tested in a growth chamber assay at 18°C using autoclaved soil mixed with an infested sand-cornmeal inoculum (3). Data for dry root and shoot weights and root rot severity (visually scored on a % scale) were collected at 6 weeks. The CRD experiment had five replications (single plant in a cone containing 150 ml infested soil), and was conducted twice. Root symptoms and similar variation in aggressiveness among isolates (based on colony morphology) was observed in inoculated plants. Isolates differed significantly for effects on root weight (P = 0.0125), shoot weight (P = 0.0035), and root rot severity (P = 0.0158). F. armeniacum was reisolated from infected root tissue, but not from noninoculated controls. Recovered isolates maintained their original colony morphology. F. armeniacum was previously reported in Minnesota on symptomless corn (2), but it has not been reported on soybean and its pathogenicity has not been established on any crop. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. armeniacum as a pathogen on soybean in the United States. References: (1) K. E. Broders et al. Plant Dis. 91:727, 2007. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2006. (3) G. P. Munkvold and J. K. O'Mara. Plant Dis. 86:143, 2002. (4) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998.

RESUMENLos monasterios femeninos nacen en beaterios en muchos casos. Así los beaterios son el primer paso de la reclusión pero, al mismo tiempo el modelo de rechazo. Por otro lado, con el Concilio de Trento, la Contrarreforma fue la imposición de la reforma religiosa con una renovación espiritual, pero reproduce la subordinación femenina y la clausura. Nuevamente se renuevan los rechazos en este caso el modelo son los conventos de Toledo y el monasterio de San Clemente. Este estudio examina la importancia de los beaterios en las fundaciones conventuales en Toledo.Y analiza la oposición y acciones de rechazo de las beatas y monjas de las distintas comunidades monásticas y mendicantes frente a las reformas de vida claustral, incluido la normativa del Concilio de Trento. Utilizando para ello las fuentes documentales localizadas durante la elaboración de mi tesis doctoral.PALABRAS CLAVE: Beaterios, conventos, oposición, Toledo, Edad ModernaABSTRACTWomen’s monasteries often began as beatorios. These beaterios were thus the first step in confinement but at the same time the model of rejection. Meanwhile the Council of Trent and Counterreformation represented the imposition of religious reform with spiritual renewal, but reproduced female subordination and cloister. Again renew rejects in this case the model are convents in Toledo and the monastery of Saint Clemens. This study examines the importance of beaterios in the founding of convents in Toledo. And it analyses how pious women and nuns of the different monastic and mendicant orders opposed and rejected resist reforms of cloistered life, including the Council of Trent legislation. Using to this end documents studied during the preparation of my doctoral thesis.KEY WORDS: Beaterios convents, opposition, Toledo, Modern Age. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAbad Pérez, A., Soledad Sonora. Convento de San Antonio de Padua, Talavera-Toledo, 1980.Alemán Ruiz, E., Inicios de la clausura femenina en Gran Canaria: el Monasterio de la Concepción, 1592-1634, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 2000.Álvarez, T., Cultura y mujer en el siglo XVI: el caso de Santa Teresa de Jesús, Ávila, 2006.Atienza, A., “De beaterios a conventos: nuevas perspectivas sobre el mundo de las beatas en la España Moderna”, Historia Social, 57 (2007), pp. 145-168.Atienza, A., “Los límites de la obediencia en el mundo conventual femenino en la Edad Moderna: políticas de clausura en la Corona de Aragón, siglo XVII”, Studia Histórica, Historia Moderna, 40/1 (2018), pp. 125-157.Atienza López, A., Tiempo de conventos. Una historia social de las fundaciones en la España Moderna, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2008.Burrieza Sánchez, J., (ed.), El alma de las mujeres. Ámbitos de espiritualidad femenina en la modernidad (siglos XVI-XVII), Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 2015.Burrieza Sánchez, J., “La percepción jesuítica de la mujer (siglos XVI- XVIII)”, Investigaciones Históricas, 25 (2005), pp. 85-116.Bueno, M. L., “Las mujeres de Santa María de las Dueñas de Zamora. La realidad humana”, El cristianismo medieval, Madrid, Almudayna, 1991, pp. 231-245.Callado Estela, E., “Mujeres, reforma y resistencia. Las dominicas valencianas de Santa María Magdalena en los siglos XVI y XVII”, en La vida cotidiana y la sociabilidad de los dominicos: entre el convento y las misiones (s. XVI-XVII-XVIII), Arpegio, 2013, pp. 73-103.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “La aplicación de Trento en la vida regular: el convento femenino de San Clemente de Toledo”, Cistercium, 232 (2003), pp 571-596.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “Beaterio y convento. Origen, evolución y desarrollo de las comunidades regulares de la Orden Franciscana de Toledo”, en Congreso Internacional. El Franciscanismo: identidad y poder, Baeza, Priego de Córdoba, 2015, pp. 317-330.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “Clausura en el siglo XVII: el convento dominicano de Jesús y María en Toledo”, Toletana. Cuestiones de Teología e Historia, 14 (2006) pp. 137-160.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “Las comunidades religiosas femeninas de Toledo. Implantación y características generales de su patrimonio fundacional (siglos XII- XVII)”, Toletana. Cuestiones de Teología e Historia, 9 (2003), pp. 287-322.Canabal Rodríguez, L., Los conventos femeninos en Toledo. 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El convento de San Miguel de los Ángeles en el Toledo del siglo XV”, Archivo Ibero-Americano, año 68, 261 (2008) pp. 529-544.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “Isabel Vázquez. Sirvienta de doña Beatriz de Silva”, Archivo Ibero-americano, 63/ 246 (2002), pp. 713-723.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “Libros y liturgia en la Orden de Santiago: el monasterio femenino de Santa Fe (Toledo, 1566)”, Revista de Órdenes Militares, 7 (2013), pp. 205-225.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “Mujer y reclusión en el siglo XVI. Fundación y estatutos de la Casa de Nuestra Señora del Refugio en Toledo”, Tempus. Revista en Historia General, 2 (2015), pp. 1-38.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “La Orden Militar de Santiago en Toledo: una visita el convento de Santa Fe en 1566”, en I Congreso Internacional Las Órdenes Militares en la Península Ibérica, Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, 2000, vol. II, pp. 2279-2291.Canabal Rodríguez, L., “Las religiosas agustinas en Toledo. 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The signification of the correction factor β that we defined for elastic material [J.M. Meza et al. J. Mater. Res.23(3), 725, (2008)] does not correspond to that of factor β in the Sneddon relationship between unloading contact stiffness, elastic modulus, and contact area as remarked by Durst et al. in their Comment (doi:10.1557/jmr.2012.41). To complete the results of Durst et al., the calculation of β is extended to a larger penetration depth range. It is shown that β depends on the depth to tip radius ratio, h/R, and on the Poisson’s ratio according to dimensionless analysis. The variation range of β is about 1.02–1.09 for 0.3 < h/R < 3 for purely elastic materials but can be much larger in case of elastic–plastic materials as shown [F. Abbes et al. J. Micromech. Microeng.20, 65003 (2010)].

Las denominadas casas de la encomienda constituyen uno de los ejemplos más representativos de la arquitectura vinculada a las órdenes militares. Herederos del castillo, estos inmuebles característicos del período bajomedieval actuaron como las sedes de las encomiendas, las células básicas de administración señorial de las milicias. Como tales, debían servir como residencia a los comendadores, lo que les confirió cierto carácter palatino y una notable entidad en el entramado urbano de las villas. Pero al mismo tiempo actuaban como lugar de percepción y almacenamiento de rentas, para lo que necesitaron de espacios como bodegas o graneros. Finalmente, también aglutinaban toda una serie de dependencias para el servicio de la casa.En este estudio ponemos el foco sobre un conjunto de casas de la encomienda vinculadas a la Orden Militar de Santiago y situadas en sus señoríos de La Mancha. A partir de la información extraída de los Libros de Visita, en conjunción con otro tipo de fuentes y con una metodología interdisciplinar, analizaremos la evolución de estos inmuebles entre la segunda mitad del siglo XV y las primeras décadas del siglo XVI. Seguidamente, trataremos sobre diversas cuestiones comunes a estos singulares edificios como su localización, disposición o los distintos espacios que respondían a las funciones residencial, económica y de servicios. Palabras clave: Órdenes Militares, Orden de Santiago, Cultura Material, Arquitectura, EncomiendasTopónimos: La ManchaPeríodo: Baja Edad Media ABSTRACTThe so-called commandery houses are one of the most representative examples of architecture associated with military orders. Heirs to the castle, these buildings, characteristic of the late medieval period, served as the headquarters of the commanderies, the basic units of seigneurial administration of the militias. As such, they functioned as the residence of the commanders, which lent them a certain palatial character and considerable prominence within the urban structure of the villages. At the same time, they also served as a place for collecting and storing revenue, for which they needed spaces such as cellars or granaries. Finally, they also included a whole series of outbuildings to serve the house.This study focuses on a group of commandery houses linked to the Military Order of Santiago and located in their seigneuries in La Mancha. On the basis of information obtained from the Libros de Visita in conjunction with other types of sources, and employing an interdisciplinary methodology, there is analysis of the evolution of these buildings between the second half of the 15th and the early decades of the 16th century. This is followed by discussion of various issues common to these singular buildings, such as their location, layout and the different spaces that fulfilled residential, economic and service function. Keywords: Military Orders, Order of Santiago, Material Culture, Architecture, CommanderiesPlace names: La ManchaPeriod: Late Middle Ages REFERENCIASArcos Franco, J. M. (2002), “Tipologías de la arquitectura civil de la Orden de Alcántara: la casa de encomienda en el partido de la Serena”, Norba: revista de arte, 22, pp. 101-118.Ayala Martínez, C. (2003), Las órdenes militares hispánicas en la Edad Media (siglos XII-XV), Madrid, La Torre Literaria.Carrero Pérez, L. M. (1990), El castillo y la villa de Fuentidueña de Tajo (Crónica de un asentamiento Santiaguista), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid.Eiroa Rodríguez, J. A. (2005), “La interpretación arqueológica de los Libros de Visita de la Orden de Santiago: el complejo fortificado medieval de Socovos (Albacete)”, II Congreso de Castellología Ibérica Alcalá de la Selva (Teruel), 8-11 noviembre 2001, Asociación Española de Amigos de los Castillos, pp. 543-562.Ferreras Fincias, F. J. (1996), “Castrotorafe (Zamora): conservación y ruina de la fortaleza santiaguista, 1494-1736”, Actas del I Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción, Madrid, Ministerio de Fomento, pp. 203-209.García Carpintero López de Mota, J. (2020), “La historia de la construcción a través de los Libros de Visita de la Orden de Santiago”, La construcción fortificada medieval: historia, conservación y gestión: Jornadas Técnicas sobre Historia de la Construcción Medieval Montiel (Ciudad Real), 20-22 de septiembre de 2017, Madrid, Instituto Juan de Herrera, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Fundación Cárdenas, Fundación Castillo de la Estrella de Montiel, pp. 113-132.García Carpintero López de Mota, J. y Gallego Valle, D. (2018), “La arqueología de órdenes militares en Castilla-La Mancha y la reconstrucción virtual de su patrimonio”, Virtual Archaeology Review, 9.19, pp. 76-88.Garrido Santiago, M. (1989), Arquitectura Militar de la Orden de Santiago en Extremadura, Mérida, Junta de Extremadura.Gómez de Terreros Guardiola, M. V. (ed.) (2011), La arquitectura de las órdenes militares en Andalucía: conservación y restauración, Huelva, Universidad de Huelva.Gómez de Terreros Guardiola, M. V. y Gómez de Terreros Guardiola M. G. (2010), “Casas tercias o de bastimento de la Orden de Santiago en Andalucía: La Almona de Guadalcanal (Sevilla)”, Temas de estética y arte, 24, pp. 113-142.Josserand, P. (2004), Église et pouvoir dans la Péninsule ibérique. Les ordres militaires dans le royaume de Castille (1252-1369), Madrid, Casa de Velázquez.Matellanes Merchán, J. V. (2000), “Estructuración orgánica del espacio santiaguista en la submeseta sur (1170-1350)”, Las órdenes militares en la Península Ibérica, Cuenca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 1, pp. 723-738.Molero García, J. (2006), “Castillos-casas de la Encomienda en el Campo de Calatrava”, Actas del III Congreso de Castellología Ibérica, Madrid, Asociación Española de Amigos de los Castillos; Diputación Provincial de Guadalajara, pp. 657-680.— (2014), “El binomio castillo-casa de la encomienda en la administración señorial de la Orden de Calatrava (siglos XII-XV)”, Castelos das Ordens Militares. 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(1996), “Los libros de visitas de órdenes militares como fuentes historiográficas. La Orden de Santiago en Castilla-La Mancha”, La investigación y las fuentes documentales de los archivos: I y II Jornadas sobre Investigación en Archivos, Guadalajara: Asociación de Amigos del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Castilla La Mancha, 2, pp. 1101-1112.Palacios Ontalva, S. (2000), “Los libros de visita de la Orden de Santiago: fuente para una Historia de la arquitectura militar”, Actas del Tercer Congreso Nacional de Historia de la construcción: Sevilla, 26 a 28 de octubre de 2000, Instituto Juan de Herrera, 2, pp. 751-760.— (2006), Fortalezas santiaguistas: la orden en la ribera del Tajo (siglos XII-XVI), Cuenca, J. S. Palacios.Pérez Monzón, O. (2010), “La arquitectura religiosa y civil de las órdenes militares en la Castilla Medieval”, Del silencio de la cartuja al fragor de la orden militar, Aguilar de Campoo, Fundación Santa María la Real, pp. 201-234.Rodríguez-Picavea Matilla, E. (2007), “El proceso de aristocratización de la Orden de Calatrava (siglos XIII-XV)”, Hispania sacra, 59.120, pp. 493-535.— (2008), Los monjes guerreros en los reinos hispánicos: Las órdenes militares en la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media, Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros.Rodríguez-Picavea Matilla, E. y Pérez Monzón, O. (2006), “Mentalidad, cultura y representación del poder de la nobleza Calatrava en la Castilla del Siglo XV”, Hispania: Revista española de historia, 66.222, pp. 199-242.Ruiz Mateos, A. (1985), Arquitectura civil de la Orden de Santiago en Extremadura: la casa de la Encomienda: su proyección en Hispanoamérica, Badajoz, Diputación Provincial de Badajoz.— (1988), “Un ejemplo de arquitectura santiaguista en Castilla: Alhambra y La Solana”, I Congreso de Historia de Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 5, pp. 261-271.— (1990), “Arquitectura civil de la Orden de Santiago en la provincia de Madrid”, El Madrid medieval: sus tierras y sus hombres, Madrid, Asociación Cultural Al-Mudayna, pp. 213-237.— (2003), “La Casa Tercia de Consuegra”, Actas del Primer Simposio Histórico de la Orden de San Juan en España, Toledo, Diputación Provincial de Toledo, pp. 387-390.

Monocrystalline SiGe alloys can be used instead of monocrystalline Si in order to increase the performances of devices such as heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) [1]. The epitaxial growth of blanket, monocrystalline SiGe layers on Si with a dichlorosilane + germane + hydrochloric acid chemistry was extensively investigated in the literature [2,3]. Similarly, a switch from polycrystalline Si to polycrystalline SiGe can be favorable, for instance, in Complementary-MOS (C-MOS) devices [4,5]. However, the blanket growth by Reduced-Pressure Vapor Deposition (RP-CVD) of polycrystalline Si and SiGe has not been systematically investigated. We have thus performed a one-to-one comparison in terms of growth kinetics and electrically active dopant incorporation between blanket monocrystalline and polycrystalline Si(:B) and SiGe(:B) layers. Epitaxies or depositions were performed, in 300 mm RP-CVD chambers, on two types of templates (Fig.1): i) N-type Si substrates (Fig.1(a)) and ii) poly-Si/oxide/ P-type Si substrates (Fig.1(b)). The poly-Si layer in stack 1.(b) was obtained thanks to amorphous Si deposition followed by annealing at 750 °C, resulting in a poly-Si film. SiH4+HCl+H2 (named Process 1) and SiH2Cl2 (DCS)+HCl+GeH4+H2 (named Process 2) chemistries were used to deposit Si and SiGe layers between 675-750 °C and 10-20 Torr. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline SiGe growth kinetics for two process conditions: i) 750 °C, 10 Torr with a HCl partial pressure of 0.05 Torr and ii) 725 °C, 10 Torr, with a HCl partial pressure of 0.06 Torr, were similar to that in the literature [1-3, 6-8]. As already shown for monocrystalline layers, there was an increase of the intrinsic SiGe growth with the germane partial pressure and the temperature. Meanwhile, it was reduced when adding HCl (Fig.2). Very similar growth rates and evolutions were however obtained whatever the crystalline state of the layers. When diborane was added the gaseous mixture, different behaviors were evidenced depending on i) the crystallinity and ii) the stoichiometry. The Si:B and SiGe:B growth rates increased with the B2H6 flow whatever the chemistry (Fig.3). This was due to a hydrogen desorption increase on boron surface sites [5,10-11]. Growth rates were otherwise higher for monocrystalline than for polycrystalline layers. The electrical resistivities of c-Si:B and c-SiGe:B layers were one decade lower than those of poly-Si:B and poly-SiGe:B layers, however (Fig.4). Resistivity values were otherwise higher for c-Si:B than for c-SiGe:B. This was likely due to i) a better incorporation of B atoms into SiGe than in Si [3,8,9] and ii) a better hole mobility in SiGe [10]. An opposite behavior was observed for polycrystalline layers, with higher resistivities for poly-SiGe:B than for poly-Si:B. We otherwise had similar resistivity evolutions as the partial pressure of diborane Pp(B2H6) increased for all types of layers. A decrease was observed first, followed by a resistivity plateau then some resistivity re-increase for really high diborane flows. Such a phenomenon was already observed for monocrystalline layers and was explained by a crystalline quality degradation [3,8,9] that reduced the hole mobility. A similar behavior was assumed for poly-layers, with a morphological transition to the amorphous phase [11,12]. Top-view Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images (Fig. 5) confirmed the morphological evolution of c-Si:B, poly-Si:B, c-SiGe:B and poly-SiGe:B as the diborane partial pressure increased. New data points for c-SiGe and c-SiGe:B will also be provided for other process conditions. For intrinsic layers, we will show that Refs. [1,2] x2/(1-x) = n×(F(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2)) relationship between the Ge concentration x and the germane over dichlorosilane mass-flow ratio is also valid at 10 Torr, with n = 3 at 700 °C with a F(SiH2Cl2)/F(H2) Mass-Flow Ratio (MFR) of 0.005 and a F(HCl)/F(H2) MFR of 0.006. Various characterization techniques were also used to determine the concentration of substitutional Boron atoms in SiGe:B layers and the lattice contraction coefficient (β = 9.11×10-24 cm3). The value of the latter, which is most useful to assess the compressive strain compensation by small boron atoms in SiGe layers, will be compared to literature values. [1] J. Appl. Phys. 88 (2000) 4044 [2] J. Crystal Growth 305 (2007) 113 [3] J. Crystal Growth 310 (2008) 62 [4] J. Microelec. Sys. 16 (2007) 68 [5] International Electron Devices Meeting (1991) 567 [6] Appl. Phys. Lett. 56 (1990) 1275. [7] S. Chang et al., ECS Proceedings 87–8 (1987) 122 [8] J Mater Sci: Mater Electron (2007) 18:747 [9] ECS Trans. 75, 8 (2016) 265 [10] Mater. Sci. Eng. B 114–115 (2004) 318 [11] Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 (1995) 195 [12] ECS Trans. 35, 30 (2011) 45 Figure 1

A Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) plant from a commercial property in New Zealand was submitted to the Investigation and Diagnostic Centre for diagnosis in 2003. Fruits had faint yellow ringspots but no obvious symptoms were observed on leaves. No virus particles were observed from tomato and symptomatic herbaceous plants crude sap preparations. Mechanically inoculated Nicotiana clevelandii and N glutinosa developed systemic chlorosis, whereas pinpoint necrotic local lesions were observed on Chenopodium amaranticolor. Chlorotic local lesions were also observed on C. quinoa followed by systemic necrosis. No symptoms were observed on Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, N. benthamiana, N. sylvestris, or N. tabacum cv. White Burley. Total RNA was extracted from N. glutinosa and C. quinoa leaf samples using the Qiagen (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) Plant RNeasy Kit. Reverse transcription (RT) was carried out by using random hexamer primers and SuperScript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, Frederick, MD) followed with PCR using broad-detection primers targeting the genera Carmovirus, Dianthovirus, Ilarvirus, Tospovirus, (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) and Tombusvirus (2). A positive RT-PCR amplification was obtained only with Ilarvirus primers. The 450-bp product (GenBank Accession No. DQ457000) from the replicase gene had a 97.4% nt and 98.6% aa identity with Spinach latent virus (SpLV; Accession No. NC_003808). An RT-PCR protocol was developed for the specific detection of SpLV. Primers were designed from three SpLV RNA sequences (RNA1: NC_003808; RNA2: NC_003809; RNA3: NC_003810) using the Primer3 software (3). Primers SpLV-RNA1-F (5′-TGTGGATTGGTGGTTGGA-3′) and SpLV-RNA1-R (5′-CTTGCTTGAGGAGAGATGTTG-3′) anneal to the replicase gene from nt 1720 to 2441. Primers SpLV-RNA2-F (5′-GAACCACCGAAACCGAAA-3′) and SpLV-RNA2-R (5′-CCACCTCAACACCAGTCATAG-3′) bind to the polymerase gene from nt 603 to 1038. Primers SpLV-RNA3-F (5′-GCCTTCATCTTTGCCTTTG-3′) and SpLV-RNA3-R (5′-CATTTCATCTGCGGTGGT-3′) amplify the movement protein gene from nt 724 to 936. The predicted amplified product sizes were 722, 436, and 213 bp from RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3, respectively. RT was carried out as described above. PCR was performed in a 20-μl reaction containing 2 μl cDNA, 1× Taq reaction buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0.2 μM of forward and reverse primers, and 1 U Taq polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI). The PCR amplification cycle was identical for the three primer pairs: denaturation (95°C for 3 min) followed by 37 cycles of 95°C (20 s), 60°C (30 s), and 72°C (30 s) with a final elongation step (72°C for 3 min). The amplified products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, stained with SYBR Green, and their identities confirmed by sequencing. The tomato sample was grown from seed imported from the Netherlands where SpLV occurs (4). The virus is of potential importance for the tomato industry because of its symptomless infection and high frequency of seed transmission in many plant species (1,4). SpLV has never been detected in other submitted tomato samples. Consequently, SpLV is not considered to be established in New Zealand. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SpLV in tomato. References: (1) L. Bos et al. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 86:79, 1980. (2) R. Koeing et al. Arch. Virol. 149:1733, 2004. (3) S. Rozen and H. Skaletsky. Page 365 in: Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2000. (4) Z. Stefenac and M. Wrischer. Acta Bot. Croat. 42:1, 1983.

Spectral investigations in the UV-VIS range of selected Al alloys and composites, used in the construction of armament components as well as drones, were performed using LIBS technique. Two Nd:YAG lasers were applied: a short pulse 4 ns 60 mJ laser and a long pulse 200/400 (up to 1000) us (~ 2/4 up to 10 J) laser. In experiments with a short laser pulse only atomic spectra were observed while for long pulses, also molecular transitions have been recorded. Electron temperatures of created plasma were found on the base of Boltzmann law. Temperatures are clearly higher for short pulse excitation. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Miziolek, V. Palleschi and I. Schechter, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2006). CrossRef M. Sabsabi and P. Cielo, "Quantitative Analysis of Aluminum Alloys by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Plasma Characterization", Appl. Spectrosc. 49, 499 (1995). CrossRef D.L. Death, A.P. Cunningham, and L.J. Pollard, "Multi-element analysis of iron ore pellets by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Principal Components Regression", Spectrochim. Acta B, 63, 763 (2008). CrossRef S. Laville, M. Sabsabi and F. Doucet, "Multi-elemental analysis of solidified mineral melt samples by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy coupled with a linear multivariate calibration", Spectrochim. Acta B, 62, 1557 (2007), CrossRef D.M. Surmick, C.G, Parigger, "Aluminum Monoxide Emission Measurements in a Laser-Induced Plasma", Applied Spectroscopy, 2015, V.68, No.9, P.992-996. CrossRef J.B. Sirven, B. Bousquet, L. Canioni and L. Sarger,"Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Composite Samples: Comparison of Advanced Chemometrics Methods", Anal. Chem. 78, 1462 (2006). CrossRef E.J. Judge, G. Heck, E.B. Cerkez and R. J. Levis, "Discrimination of Composite Graphite Samples Using Remote Filament-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy", Anal. Chem. 81, 2658 (2009). CrossRef L.M. Cabalin and J.J. Laserna, "Experimental determination of laser induced breakdown thresholds of metals under nanosecond Q-switched laser operation", Spectrochim. Acta B, 53, 723 (1998). CrossRef T.A. Labutin, A.M. Popov, V.N. Lednev and N.B. Zorov, "Correlation between properties of a solid sample and laser-induced plasma parameters", Spectrochim. Acta B, 64, 938 (2009). CrossRef J.S. Cowpe, R.D. Moorehead, D. Moser, J.S. Astin, and S. Karthikeyan, "Hardness determination of bio-ceramics using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy", Spectrochim. Acta B, 66, 290 (2011). CrossRef G. Cristoforetti, , S. Legnaioli, V. Palleschi, A. Salvetti, and E. Tognoni, "Effect of target composition on the emission enhancement observed in Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy", Spectrochim. Acta B, 63, 312 (2008). CrossRef

Excellent cycling stability along with a high specific capacitance of the electrode material is the primary requirement for supercapacitor (SC) in recent years. Exceptionally simple and cost-effective solution process is employed for the first time to prepare [Formula: see text]-MnO2/rGO composites, in which KMnO4 content varies from (2[Formula: see text]mg, 4[Formula: see text]mg, 6[Formula: see text]mg and 8[Formula: see text]mg). The morphological analysis showed that [Formula: see text]-MnO2/rGO composites possess nanorod like morphology and were fully covered with rGO sheet. Among all composites, the sample with 6[Formula: see text]mg content of KMnO4 denoted as [Formula: see text]-MnO2/rGO composite (S–3) showed excellent supercapacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 720[Formula: see text]F/g at a current density of 4 A g[Formula: see text] with excellent cycling stability of 93% after 2000 cycles. Furthermore, these nanocomposites showed excellent supercapacitive properties with specific capacitances of 720–498 F/g at the current density of 4 A g[Formula: see text] with cycling stabilities of 71%, 68% and 60%, respectively.

Bacterial leaf scorch caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was first identified in Oklahoma in American elm (Ulmus americanus L.) in the summer of 2004 (2). Subsequently, additional infections of other shade trees and ornamentals including oak (Quercus spp.), mulberry tree (Morus spp.), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) have been identified through sample submission to the Oklahoma State University, Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Laboratory. As of July 2008, no grape (Vitis spp.) samples positive for infection by X. fastidiosa were identified in Oklahoma. In August of 2008, leaves of four grape vines (Vitis labrusca ‘Concord’) grown in a home gardener's backyard located in Canadian County, OK were found to be exhibiting chlorosis and green fading colors with marginal browning. These symptoms included an undulating appearance with red-brown bands between the green and scorched areas. Vines exhibited ‘matchstick’ symptoms where the leaves dropped from the plant, but the petioles remained attached. All symptoms were consistent with those of Pierce's disease (3). Leaves from all four symptomatic vines and leaves from asymptomatic grapes (V. vinifera, unknown cultivar) from the Oklahoma Botanical Gardens located at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater were sampled. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD). Samples were tested for the presence of X. fastidiosa by real-time PCR with Xylella genus-specific primers XfF1/XfR2 and dual-labeled TaqMan probe XfP2 (4). Infected tissue from a symptomatic oak tree was used as a positive control. Genomic DNA samples extracted from all four symptomatic grape vines and the symptomatic oak tree were PCR positive. Samples from the asymptomatic grape vine were PCR negative. Subsequent analysis was performed on the four symptomatic grape vine samples. X. fastidiosa-specific primers BBXFOUTF1 and BBXFOUTR1 were used to PCR amplify the gyrB gene (2). The amplification product was purified with the QuickClean 5M PCR Purification Kit (GenScript Corporation, Piscataway, NJ) and was subjected to automated sequencing (Oklahoma State University Recombinant DNA/Protein Resource Facility). BLASTN alignment (1) of the 340-bp sequences from the four symptomatic grape samples revealed 99 to 100% homology with the gyrB gene from a Pierce's disease strain of X. fastidiosa, ‘Temecula’ (GenBank No. AF534960). Remaining petiole tissues from the samples used above were subjected to serological tests for X. fastidiosa by ELISA (Agdia, Inc. Elkhart, IN). These tests confirmed the presence of X. fastidiosa in symptomatic grape tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. fastidiosa associated with grape and the first report of Pierce's disease in Oklahoma. This suggests that the geographic range for Pierce's disease should be extended to include central Oklahoma. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403, 1990. (2) B. R. Olson et al. Plant Dis. 90:108, 2006. (3) R. C. Pearson et al. Compendium of Grape Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1998. (4) N. W. Schaad et al. Phytopathology 92:721, 2002.

ABSTRACT The trimeric postfusion structure of the C-terminally truncated fusion protein E of the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus, a class II viral fusion protein, was previously determined (S. Bressanelli, K. Stiasny, S. L. Allison, E. A. Stura, S. Duquerroy, J. Lescar, F. X. Heinz, and F. A. Rey, EMBO J. 23:728-738, 2004). In this study we compared the properties of this truncated form with the full-length trimer and found that the so-called stem-anchor region not only confers additional stability to the full-length molecule but also structurally modifies the protein domain carrying the fusion peptide loop. These data provide experimental evidence to support the model of a fusion process that leads to the interaction of the stem-anchor region with the fusion peptide loop in the postfusion trimer.

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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RESUMENEl culto a los muertos es una práctica documentada en el ser humano desde tiempos prehistóricos. Uno de los fenómenos funerarios que revisten mayor popularidad dentro de la Prehistoria Reciente es el megalitismo, desarrollado en amplios territorios de Europa desde mediados del v milenio cal BC, y caracterizado por la construcción de grandes tumbas colectivas cuyo imaginario permanece en el folclore popular hasta nuestros días. En este trabajo se ofrece una interpretación de las prácticas funerarias que engloban dicho fenómeno a partir del estudio regional del conjunto megalítico de la Lora burgalesa, en el noreste de la Submeseta Norte española. Tras décadas de estudio, que en los últimos años se ha focalizado en el análisis de las colecciones esqueléticas, ha sido posible profundizar en el conocimiento de las sociedades que enterraban a sus muertos en estas tumbas. Palabras clave: megalitismo, prácticas funerarias, enterramientos colectivosTopónimos: Lora burgalesa, Submeseta Norte españolaPeriodo: Neolítico Final, Calcolítico ABSTRACTThe cult of the death has been a well-documented human activity since prehistoric times. A popular funerary phenomenon of Neolithic period is megalithism, developed in large areas of Europe from the mid-5th millennium BC. It is characterised by the construction of large collective tombs that have remained in popular folklore to the present day. This paper offers an interpretative approach to the funerary practices involved in this phenomenon from the regional study of the megalithic complex of la Lora burgalesa, in the northeast of the Spanish North Plateau. Decades of study, which in recent years focus on the analysis of skeletal collections, have provided us with a better knowledge of the societies that buried their ancestors in these tombs. 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(2019): “Megalithic tombs in western and northern Neolithic Europe were linked to a kindred society”, PNAS, 116 (19): 9469-9474. Santa Cruz, A. (2022): Caracterización antropológica y temporalidad de los sepulcros megalíticos de la Lora (Burgos). Tesis doctoral (inédita). Universidad de Valladolid. Santa Cruz, A., Delibes, G. y Villalobos, R. (2020a): “Sobre la impronta campaniforme en los dólmenes de la Lora (Burgos): dataciones de C-14 y naturaleza funeraria”. En Estudios In memoriam Prof. Emilio Illarregui. Segovia, IE Universidad: 23-39.—(2020b): “Nueva serie de dataciones radiocarbónicas sobre hueso humano para el dolmen de Los Zumacales (Simancas, Valladolid)”. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 77(1): 130-147.Schulting, R. J. (2015): “Mesolithic skull cults?”. En K. von Hackwitz y R. Peyroteo-Stjerna (eds.): Ancient Death Ways. Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, Uppsala: 19-46.Schulz Paulsson, B. (2019): “Radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling supportmaritime diffusion model for megaliths in Europe”. PNAS, 116, 9: 3460-3465.Séguy, I. y Buchet, L. (2013): Handbook of Palaeodemography. London: Springer.Sellier, P. (1996): “La mise en évidence d’anomalies demographiques et leur interprétatión: population, recrutement et práctiques funéraires de tumulus de Courtesoult”. En J. F. Piningre (ed.): Nécrópoles et société au première Âge du Fer: le tumulus de Courtesoult (Haute-Saône). Paris: Maison des Sciences d l’Homme, 54: 188-202.Sherratt, A. (1990): “The genesis of megaliths: Monumentality, ethnicity and social complexity in Neolithic north-west Europe”. World Archaeology, 22(2), 147-166.Silva, A. M. (2003): “Portuguese populations of late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods exhumed from collective burials: an overview”. Anthropologie, 41(1-2): 55-64.Smith, M. y Brickley, M. (2009): People of the long barrows: life, death and burial in the earlier Neolithic. 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163 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the cornerstone treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PC), but is frequently used in the non-metastatic (M0) setting. After a variable period of hormone sensitivity, most patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). These men are at increased risk of developing bone metastases (BM), particularly in those with higher serum PSA and shorter PSA doubling time (DT). The epidemiology and natural history of M0 CRPC has not been well studied in a population-based setting. Methods: Using HFHS patient records, a retrospective cohort study was conducted among 723 men diagnosed with M0 PC between 1996 and 2005 (with follow-up [f/u] for outcomes through 12/31/2008), who received ADT, including 613 men with serial PSA measurements for CRPC determination. CRPC was defined as 2 consecutive PSA rises, with “high-risk” defined as PSA ≥ 8 ng/mL or PSA DT ≤ 10 months (mos) after the development of CRPC. The risk of subsequent BM was estimated for the overall cohort and for the CRPC and non-CRPC subsets. Results: The median age among patients in the study was 73 years, 48% were African American, and median f/u time after ADT initiation was 58 mos. 15% (n=93) met criteria for CRPC during f/u (with a median of 23 mos between ADT initiation and establishment of CRPC), with the majority considered being at high risk (n=81). Among the entire cohort, 74 men (10%) developed BM during f/u. The rate of BM was 4 times higher among CRPC patients compared to non-CRPC patients (p<0.001), with a median of 6 mos between CRPC and subsequent BM. No racial difference was observed with either the incidence of CRPC or BM. Conclusions: The HFHS resource allowed for investigation of disease progression in a racially diverse population. A substantial proportion of M0 PC patients on ADT will eventually develop CRPC and once castration-resistant, risk of BM is high.

Bélanger, G., Savoie, P., Parent, G., Claessens, A., Bertrand, A., Tremblay, G. F., Massé, D., Gilbert, Y. and Babineau, D. 2012. Switchgrass silage for methane production as affected by date of harvest. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1187–1197. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season grass recognized as a potential biomass crop for energy production in North America, but little information exists on the effect of harvest date on forage and silage characteristics of switchgrass grown in eastern Canada. Our objectives were to determine how harvest date affects several forage and silage characteristics of switchgrass and to relate these to specific methane yield from anaerobically digested switchgrass silage. Switchgrass, seeded in 2002 and 2006, was harvested and ensiled as a one-cut system on three dates in 2007: late July, early September, and early October. The regrowth from the late July harvest was also harvested in early October as a two-cut system. Silage quality parameters [pH, and concentrations of N, N-NH3, total amino acids (TAA), and volatile fatty acids (VFA)] indicated adequate fermentation of all silage samples. In a one-cut system, delaying harvest from late July to early September increased forage dry matter (DM) yield from 9.0 to 11.5 Mg ha−1, forage soluble carbohydrate (SC) concentration from 51 to 85 g kg−1 DM, and silage SC concentration from 13 to 25 g kg−1 DM; delaying harvest from late July to early October decreased forage in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) from 720 to 582 g kg−1 DM, forage in vitro digestibility of the neutral detergent fibre (dNDF) from 590 to 409 g kg−1 DM, and silage acetate concentration from 7.7 to 2.6 g kg−1 DM. The regrowth had higher IVTD and dNDF, lower acid detergent fibre concentration, and higher silage lactate and acetate concentrations than a single harvest taken in early September or early October. The two-cut system and the single harvest in early September produced the highest seasonal forage DM yields (11.5 and 11.9 Mg ha−1). High specific methane yield was (i) correlated with low forage fibre concentration and high DM digestibility and (ii) more correlated to silage concentrations of lactate and acetate than to silage SC concentration.

In Oklahoma, during the late summer of 2004, an elm tree (Ulmus americanus L.) located in the Oklahoma Botanical Gardens near Stillwater showed symptoms of marginal leaf scorch bordered by a yellow band between necrotic and green tissues, indicating possible Xylella fastidiosa infection. Three leaves from the symptomatic tree and one leaf from an asymptomatic nearby elm were sampled. DNA was extracted with the Extract-N-Amp kit (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Samples were tested for X. fastidiosa using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Xylella genus specific primers XfF1/XfR2 and dual-labeled TaqMan probe XfP2 (2). Infected oleander from California was used as a positive control. All three samples from symptomatic leaves and the positive control were PCR positive, and the sample from the asymptomatic tree was PCR negative. Attempts to culture an isolate of the bacteria from petioles and branch tissues on PD3 and PW, media selective for X. fastidiosa, failed. For more detailed molecular characterization of the putative pathogen, DNA from additional symptomatic petioles from the same tree was isolated using the cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) extraction. X. fastidiosa specific primers BBXFOUTF1 (5′-AAGCGCCTCCGTGAGTTATC-3′) and BBXFOUTR1 (5′-CCTTCACGCATATCATCACC-3′) were used to PCR amplify the gyrB gene. The amplification product was recovered after gel electrophoresis with QIAquick gel extraction kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and was subjected to automated sequencing (Oklahoma State University Recombinant DNA/Protein Resource Facility). BLASTN alignment (1) of the obtained 381 bp sequence revealed 100% identity with the gyrB gene from elm (GenBank Accession No. AF534966) and mulberry (GenBank Accession No. AF534965) isolates of X. fastidiosa. During 2005, petiole samples from the tree were collected and serological diagnosis was confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). Some strains of X. fastidiosa have very wide host ranges and many of the hosts may be asymptomatic. Therefore, the economic importance and implications of the detection of X. fastidiosa in the state of Oklahoma remain to be determined. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. fastidiosa in Oklahoma. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403, 1990. (2) N. W. Schaad et al. Phytopathology 92:721, 2002.

This study aimed to establish the degree of correlation of workplace spirituality and work engagement among the faculty of the Senior High School (SHS) of San Beda University–Manila. The correlational design was utilized to ascertain if there is a relationship existing between workplace spirituality (independent variable) and work engagement (dependent variable). The workplace components presented in the study are meaningful work, a sense of community, and alignment with organizational values. Work engagement was studied based on vigor, dedication, and absorption. Data were obtained through questionnaires that were sent to target respondents. The findings of the study established that there is a positive correlation between workplace spirituality and work engagement. The paper concluded with several implications and recommendations that will strengthen the workplace spirituality of faculty members that will benefit both the employee and the organization. The study also provided some suggestions for future researchers that will examine workplace spirituality in other industries.ReferencesNew American Bible. (Revised ed.). (2010). United States Conference of Catholic BishopsAprilia, E. and Katiara, O. (2020). Workplace spirituality and work engagement among High School Teachers in Banda Aceh. Jurnal Psikologi, 19(1), 61-71.Ashmos, D.P. and Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: a conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.Aumann, J. (1980). Spiritual Theology. Sheed and Ward.Bella, R. L. F, Quelhas, O. L. G., Ferraz, F. T., & Bezerra, M. J. S. (2018). Workplace spirituality: sustainable work experience from a human factors perspective. Sustainability. 10, 1887. doi:10.3390/su10061887Benedict (1981). In Fry, T., I. Baker, T. Horner, A. Raabe, & M. Sheridan (Eds.) RB1980: The Rule of Saint Benedict in Latin and English with notes. The Liturgical Press. 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Journal of Business Communication, 49(3), 237-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943612446751Khan,K. E., Khan S. E. & Chaudhry A. G. (2015). Impact of servant leadership on workplace spirituality: Moderating role of involvement culture. Pakistan Journal of Science, 67(1), 109-113.Kinjerski, V. (2013). The spirit at work scale: Developing and validating a measure of individual spirituality at work. Handbook of Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace: Emerging Research and Practice, 383-402. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5233-123.Mahipalan, M. & Sheena (2018). Role of workplace spirituality and employee engagement in determining job satisfaction among secondary school teachers. Journal of Management Research. 18(4). 211-225.Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.Mousa, M. & Alas, R. (2016). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: A study on the public schools teachers in Menoufia(Egypt). African Journal of Business Management, 10(10), 247-255. doi: 10.5897/ABJM2016.8031Müller-Stewens, G., Muff, M., & Eberle, T. (2016). The management of Monasteries. Alliance for International Monasticism: English Language Bulletin, 110, 47-57.Petchsawang, P. & Duchon, D. (2009). Measuring workplace spirituality in an Asian context. Human Resource Development International, 12(4), 459-468. doi:10.1080/13678860903135912Petchsawang, P. & Duchon, D. (2012). Workplace spirituality, meditation, and work performance. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 9(2), 189-208. doi:10.1080/14766086.2012.688623Pokhariyal, G.P. (2020). Importance of Spirituality and Happiness at the Workplace. International Journal on World Peace, 37(3), 65-73.Pradhan, R.K, Jena, L.K, & Soto, C.M. (2017). Workplace Spirituality in Indian Organizations: Constructions of Reliable and Valid Measurement. Business: Theory and Practice, 18, 43-53. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2017.005Saks, A. M. (2011). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8, 317-340.Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2014). What Do We Really Know About Employee Engagement? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), 155–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21187Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma. V. & Bakker, A.B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout and: A confirmative analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3,71-92.Schaufeli, W.B. & Bakker, A.B. (2003). The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Test manual. Utrecht University, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology.Sheng, C.W. & Chen, M.C. (2012). Workplace Spirituality scale design – the view of oriental culture. 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Nickel (Ni) laterites are regolith materials derived from ultramafic rocks and play an important role in the world's Ni production. Ni-laterite deposits are the supergene enrichment of Ni formed from the intense chemical and mechanical weathering of ultramafic parental rocks. In Vietnam, the weathering profile containing Ni laterite was first discovered in the Ha Tri massive (Cao Bang). This profile develops on the Ha Tri serpentinized peridotite rocks classified to the Cao Bang mafic-ultramafic complex (North Vietnam) and exhibits thick weathered zone (10 - 15m). This work carried out a detailed study of the weathering profile at the center of Ha Tri massive. Samples from different horizons of the profile were collected and analyzed in detail by XRF, XRD and SEM-EDX methods to establish the relationship between the Ni-rich supergene products and the parental peridotites (lherzolite) rocks in Ha Tri massive. The results show that the saprolite horizon is most Ni-rich in the weathering profile in Ha Tri. In this horizon, Ni-silicate minerals of garnierite group such as pimelite, nepouite and other Mg-Ni silicates have been found. The appearance of minerals of garnierite group is due to the exchange of Mg by Ni during weathering of peridotite minerals, especially olivine, which leads to the enrichment of the supergene Ni. The occurrence of Ni silicates suggests the existence of the supergene Ni ore in the weathering profile of the Ha Tri massive.References Bosio N.J., Hurst J.V., Smith R.L., 1975. Nickelliferousnontronite, a 15 Å garnierite, at Niquelandia, Goias Brazil. Clays Clay Miner., 23, 400-403. Brand N.W., Butt C.R.M., Elias M., 1998. Nickel Laterites: Classification and features. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, 17(4), 81-88. Bricker O.P., Nesbitt H.W. and Gunter W.D., 1973. The stability of talc. American Mineralogist, 58, 64-72. Brindley G.W. and Hang P.T., 1973. 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Compositional and structural variations ingarnierites. The Canadian Mineralogist, 12, 381-388. Springer G., 1976. Falcondoite, nickel analogue of sepiolite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 407-409.Svetlitskaya T.V., Tolstykh N.D., Izokh A.E., Phuong Ngo Thi, 2015. PGE geochemical constraints on the origin of the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide mineralization in the Suoi Cun intrusion, Cao Bang province, Northeastern Vietnam. Miner Petrol, 109, 161-180.Tran Trong Hoa, Izokh A.E., Polyakov G.V., Borisenko A.S., Tran Tuan Anh, Balykin P.A., Ngo Thi Phuong, Rudnev S.N., Vu Van Van, Bui An Nien, 2008. Permo-Triassic magmatism and metallogeny of Northern Vietnam in relation to the Emeishan plume. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 49, 480-491.Trescases J.J., 1975. L'évolution supergene des roches ultrabasiques en zone tropicale: Formation de gisements nikelifères de Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions ORSTOM, Paris, 259p.Tri T.V., Khuc V. (eds), 2011. Geology and Earth Resources of Vietnam. 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There has been limited research on depressive symptoms among high school students in St. Kitts and Nevis. This project examines levels of depressive symptoms among fourth form (grade 10) students attending all high schools in St. Kitts and Nevis. Students enrolled in the fourth form during the 2006/2007 academic year in all high schools were administered the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). A near census of the students was conducted (n = 744 students; 50.4% females, 47.6% males, and 2% no gender reported; age 13–19 years, mean = 15.5 ± 0.8 years). Six in every ten students (62.1%) reported some symptoms of depression, with 14.8% reporting moderate to severe and 9.7% reporting severe symptoms of depression. Females reported significantly higher BDI-II scores (t(727)= 7.11,p< 0.01) with 70% of females reporting some level of depressive symptoms compared with 52% of their male counterparts (X2(1) = 24.6,p< 0.05). Additionally, 34% of females were in the moderate to severe or severe range of depressive symptoms, while 15% of males were in the same range. Students who were older than expected for their grade (i.e., 17 years or older) reported significantly higher BDI-II scores (F(2,740) = 2.88,p< 0.05) than students who were younger or at the expected age (i.e., 14–16 years). Students whose mothers had a high school or postsecondary education reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms than students whose mothers had less than a high school education (F(3, 637), = 4.23,p< 0.05). Symptoms of depression among fourth form students in St. Kitts and Nevis are a prevalent problem that is influenced by students’ age, gender, and social class as indicated by maternal education.

Biogas production considered the most encouraging sources of renewable energy in Sudan. Anaerobic process of digestion is considered as efficient techniques of producing biogas. The process also a trustworthy method for treatment of municipal wastes, and the digested discharge could be utilized as soil conditioner to improve the productivity. This research work states at the option of using domestic sludge of the wastewater treatment plant in Soba municipal station (south of Khartoum-Sudan) to produce biological gas (biogas). A laboratory investigation was carried out using five-liter bioreactor to generate biogas for 30 days. The total volume of gas made was 270.25 Nml with a yield of 20 Nml of biogas/mg of COD removed. Chemical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand, & total solids drop produced were 89, 91 & 88.23% respectively. Microbial activity was declined from 1.8x107 (before starting the process of digestion) to 1.1x105 germs/mL (after completion of 30 days of digestion). This study offered a significant energetic opportunity by estimated the power production to 35 KWh.Key word: Sludge, municipal plant, organic material, anaerobic process, breakdown, biological gas potentialNTRODUCTIONIncreasing of urban industries style in the world has given rise to the production of effluents in huge amounts with abundant organic materials, which if handled properly, be able to end in a substantial source of energy. Although of a fact that there is an undesirable environmental effect related with industrialization, the influence can be diminished and energy can be tapped by means of anaerobic digestion of the wastewater (Deshpande et al., 2012). Biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a station for removal of mainly organic pollution from wastewaters. Organic materials are partly transformed into sludge that, with the use of up-to-date technologies, represents an important energy source. Chemical biological, and physical technology applied throughout handling of wastewater produce sludge as a by-product. Recent day-to-day totals, dry solids range from 60–90 g per population equivalent, i.e. EU produces per year 10 million tons of dry sludge (Bodík et al., 2011). Sludge disposal (fertilizers use, incineration, and landfills) is often explored since of increasingly limiting environmental legislation (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008). The energy present in sludge is obviously consumed in anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic Process is considering the most appropriate choice for the handling of organic effluents of strong content. This process upgraded in the last few years significantly with the applications of differently configured high rate treatment processes, particularly for the dealing of industrial releases (Bolzonella et al., 2005). Anaerobic process leads to the creation of biological gas with high content of methane, which can be recovered, and used as an energy source, making it a great energy saver. The produced gas volume during the breakdown process can oscillate over a wide range varying from 0.5 – 0.9 m3 kg–1 VS degraded (for waste activated sludge) (Bolzonella et al., 2005). This range rest on the concentration of volatile solids in the sludge nourish and the biological action in the anaerobic breakdown process. The residue after digestion process is stable, odorless, and free from the main portion of the pathogenic microorganism and finally be able to use as an organic nourishment for different application in agriculture. Sludge significant coming out from breakdown which allows to yield a renewable energy, that was cheap, obtainable, & no polluting. Sustainable development considered the production of biogas as environmentally friendly and an economic key (Poh and Chong, 2009).OBJECTIVES Sudan have huge tones of sewage sludge from domestic sewage water is accumulated daily in lagoon of soba sewage treatment plant, so this work, we were carried for energy production and treatment of sludge, which constitutes a plentiful waste which ever know any sort of handling after few years from establishing the station.MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental apparatus: Anaerobic breakdown was done in five liters fermenter. The fermenter was maintained at 35oC in a thermostatic bath and stirred regularly. U shaped glass tube was connected to the fermenter, allowing the measurement of produced biogas volume and pressure. Water displacement technique was used for determination of the volume of produced biological gas (biogas) at the beginning of each sampling. Testing of the biogas combustibility was determined by connecting one of ends of the tube to a gas collection and storage device (balloon), the other end to a Bunsen burner. In the process of reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to maximum dissolution in the tube the liquid must be a salty saturated acid solution (5% citric acid, 20% NaCl, pH ¼ 2) (Connaughton et al., 2006).Substrate: About 5L sludge containing culture medium were taken from the lowest part of the first settling tank in Soba station. The moisture content of initial substrate was 35%. The collected sample was preserved at 4oC prior to loading the biological reactor (Tomei et al., 2008). Table 1 showed the sludge features in the reactor with a loading rate of 16 g TS/L, (Connaughton et al., 2006; Tomei et al., 2008).Analytical Methods: The pH was controlled by using HANNA HI 8314 model as pH meter device. Assay was used for determination of Alkanility & Volatile fatty acids (Kalloum et al., 2011). The standard method of analysis was used for recognized the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (Raposo et al., 2009). Titrimetric method was used for analyzing Volatile fatty acids (VFA). Alkalinity assay was used for determination of Total Alkalinity (TA). Oxitop assay was used for measuring the biological oxygen demand. Ignition method was used for measuring Volatile Solids (VS) by losing weight in dry sample at 550oC in the furnace, & Total solids were done to constant weight at 104oC (Monou et al., 2009). A method of water displacement was used for determination of the total volume of Biological gas produced (Moletta, 2005). Microbial species & analyses were determined by microbial standard assay. Sample analysis was done by explore of three replicates and the outcomes were the middling of these replicates. Startup of experiments continues until a bubble of gas was detected.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONMeasurement of pH: Figure 2 exhibited pH trends during 30 days with a drop pattern from 7.0 to 6.0 during the first five days; this was mainly because of the breakdown of organic materials and the development of (VFA). Then later, an increasing pattern in pH was noticed to 6.98, for the next week, then Steadying around this pH level was continued till the completion of the breakdown period which taken 30 days. Those out comes were also reported by other researchers (Raposo et al., 2008)Measurement of VFA: Development of VFA throughout 30 days was depicted in figure 3, an increase in volatile fatty acids up to 1400 mill equivalents per liter (meq/L) in the first ten days. This criterion of making of volatile fatty acid is typical to the researcher’s report of identification of hydrolysis in acidogenesis stage (Parawira et al., 2006). The decline in volatile fatty acids after the tenth day was owing to intake by bacteria which would relate to the stage of acetogenesis.Total alkalinity (TA): During the ten days, we observed rise in volatile fatty acids content followed by a drop in a pH in the same time (figures 4 and 5). Encountered to these alterations, an increase in the total alkalinity in the medium for reestablishing situations of alkalinity to the outbreak of methanogens stage (figure 4). Through all the digestion period the ratio of VFA/TA which was equal and lower than 0.6±0.1 were described in figure 6. These ratios designated the achievability of the procedure despite the essential production of volatile fatty acid (Chen and Huang, 2006; Nordberg et al., 2007). The anaerobic digestion process may be hinder by the production of volatile fatty acid.Biogas production: Pressure measurement and biogas volume were used for controlling biogas production. Figure 7 explained the changing in biogas pressure throughout the digestion period. quality of Biogas was obtained with minimum methane of 40% (Bougrier et al., 2005; Lefebvre et al., 2006). Total volume of biological gas production was 270.25 Nml. The yield of biological gas was 20.25 Nml/mg COD removed, which is in range of the others researcher report (Tomei et al., 2008). Biogas production can be calculated from the following formula (Álvarez et al., 2006): Biogas production= (Total quantity of biogas produced)/(Total solid).The COD and BOD removal: Chemical oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) showed a significant reduction of 89% and 91% respectively (figures 8 and 9). Consequently these reduction in contaminants proved that anaerobic process of digestion was an operational technique for removal of organic pollution. Some researchers reported the same results (Bolzonella et al., 2005; Álvarez et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2006). Another criterion for proving the removal of organic pollutants was reduction of total solids (TS), where the drop approached 88.23% (figure 10). Some researcher’s reports approached the same drop (Hutnan et al., 2006; Linke, 2006; Raposo et al., 2009). Therefore it was possible to conclude that anaerobic digestion necessary showed decrease or reduction of organic pollutants rates because of the transformation of organic substances into biogas and accordingly led to the drop of chemical oxygen demand (COD). This could be explained in figure 11 by the comparison of the two techniques during the anaerobic digestion process. That means the chemical oxygen demand (COD) drop should be tailed essentially by Total solids drop (TS).Microbial activity: Figure 11 showed the microbial variation during anaerobic digestion. The total micro flora (total germs) declined from 1.8x107 (before starting the process of digestion) to1.1x105 germs/mL (after completion of 30 days of digestion). Moreover figure 12 obviously explained what was running during the process of digestion in the reactor, microbial species vanishing after the 30 days such as streptococci and Escherichia coli. Some researchers reports explained that there was some sort of relationship between physicochemical and the biological parameters of micro flora with total solid (TS). figure 13 described obviously this relationship of the drop of micro flora which go along with total solids reduction. This intended that consumption and a declining in the mass residue of organic materials created at the termination of digestion was the outcome of the transformation of organic materials into biological gas and also the sum of microorganism reduction. This attained result proved that the process of anaerobic digestion was a good process for decontamination (Deng et al., 2006; Perez et al., 2006; Davidsson et al., 2007).CONCLUSIONSoba sludge’s municipal station carried in this research paper demonstrated operative for biological gas production (biogas). During the first five days, breakdown of organic materials and the formation of volatile acids were started. Volatile fatty acids increased up to 1400 mill equivalents per liter (meq/L) in the first ten days, then started to decline in after the tenth day this owing to intake by bacteria which would resemble to acetogenesis stage. The biogas production lasted until the 21th day then starting decreasing till the last day (30 day) this due to instability of the culture medium of fermentation which became completely poor. COD and BOD showed a significant reduction of 89% and 91% respectively. Another criteria for proving of removal rate of organic pollutants was reduction of total solids (TS), where the reduction rate approached 88.23%. Total volume of biological gas production was 270.25 Nml. The yield of biological gas was 20.25 Nml/mg COD removed, which is in range of the others researcher report. The total micro flora (total germs) declined from 1.8x107 (before starting the process of digestion) to 1.1x105 germs/mL (after completion of 30 days of digestion). Study proved that process of anaerobic digestion was a good process for decontamination. Industries and will be usefulness for bioremediation in marine environment and petroleum industry.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors wish to express their appreciation to Soba treatment plant, for their financial support of this research.CONFLICT OF INTERESTThe authors wish to express their appreciation to Soba treatment plant, for their financial support of this research.REFERENCES Álvarez, J., I. Ruiz, M. Gómez, J. Presas and M. 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Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. 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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of graded levels of sunflower seed oil (SSO) supplementation on lamb five-month-old carcass characteristics and commercial cuts. Used 18 local male lambs, weaned, aged about 2 months, weight (10.21 ± 2.29 kg). Experimental design used group random design. Each group of sheep get a complete ration with a different level of sunflower seed oil (SSO), namely (P0) = 0% SSO (control); (P1) = 4% SSO; (P2) = 6% SSO. After animal five old age or 90 days feeding, randomly selected tree animals from each group were slaughtered The measured parameters include, weight slaughter, carcasses composition (meats, bones, fats), and commercial cuts of carcasses (leg, loin, shoulder, breast, neck, shank, flank, rack). The observation showed that the parameters are not affected by the treatment. It can be concluded that the addition of 6% sunflower oil in a complete ration keeping the characteristics and commercial cut of local lamb. 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