Tesis sobre el tema "1D code"

The focus of this thesis work was the development of an approachto couple a previosly existing Thermal Energy Storage (TES) modelwritten in C++ with a Simulink/Simscape plant model to simulate anAdvanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) plant.After the creation and validation of such tool, the complete modelwas used to run simulations, with the aim of assessing the AA-CAESplant's performance under multiple patterns of charge anddischarge.Most of the works found in the literature only provide values ofstorage efficiency obtained from analytical approaches, whilethose that use simulation tools provide average values ofefficiencies when the plant is performing a series of identicalcycles of charge and discharge. During this thesis project,instead, simulations were performed for consecutive irregularcycles determined as the plant response to the electric grid powerrequest. The average efficiency values obtained provide thereforea better representation of how the plant would perform in realapplications.The results show that, under the assumptions made, the AA-CAESplant's overall storage efficiency is influenced very weakly byalterations of the charge-discharge patterns, and that goodperformances can be expected not only for identical chargedischargeconsucutive cycles, but for any pattern that observesthe cavern pressure limits, as long as the thermal energy storageis sized wisely.In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed in order toassess the influence of turbomachinery efficiency on overallstorage efficiency, for a specified plant layout. The results showthat the turbine efficiency is the most affecting parameter to theplant's performance, while the impact of the main compressors'sinefficiency is mitigated by the thermal recovery that takes placein the TES.The present work confirms that AA-CAES is a promising technologyand that storage efficiencies above 70% can be achieved even inrealistic production scenarios.Finally, future steps for more accurate simulations of plants'performances and more detailed energy production scenarios areproposed.MSc ET 18007Examinator: Joakim WidénÄmnesgranskare: Ane HåkanssonHandledare:

Neste trabalho aplicamos a formulação semi-discreta, caracterizada pela combinação de aproximações distintas para as variáveis temporal e espacial, onde a variável temporal é discretizada utilizando métodos implícitos multi-estágios e a espacial usando métodos de elementos finitos,para a obtenção de soluções numéricas para as equações 1D de convecção-difusão-reação e de Burgers, cujas soluções analíticas são conhecidas.Métodos multi-estágios são obtidos através dos aproximantes de Padé. Em particular, neste trabalho consideramos os métodos implícitos multi-estágios de segunda ordem, R11, e de quarta ordem, R22, na discretização temporal. Quanto à discretização espacial, utilizamos três formulações do método de elementos finitos, ou seja, mínimos quadrados (MEFMQ), Galerkin (MEFG) e streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG). Apresentamos análises quanto à influência dos números de Péclet e de Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy, da influência da malha e dos aproximantes de Padé R11 e R22 nas formulações MEFMQ, MEFG e SUPG. Apresentamos uma análise do erro utilizando a norma L2, comparando as soluções numéricas com a solução analítica das equações avaliadas. Verificamos que o método implícito multi-estágio de quarta ordem, R22, quando adicionado aos MEFMQ, MEFG e SUPG aumentou a região de convergênciadas soluções numéricas das equações e que o MEFMQ apresentou uma melhor performance, quando comparado as formulações MEFG e SUPG.
In this work we apply the semidiscrete formulation, characterized by the combination of distinct approaches to the time and space variables, where the time variable is discretized using implicits multi-stages methods and space variable is discretized using finite element methods, for obtaning numerical solutions for the 1D convection-diffusion-reation and Burgers equations, whose analytical solutions are known. Multi-stage methods are obtained through of Padé approximants. In particular, in this work we consider of the implicit multi-stage method of second-order R11 and of fourth-order R22, for time discretization. As for space discretization, we use three formulations of the finite elements methods, namely, least square (LSFEM), Galerkin (GFEM) and streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG). We present analysis of the influence of the Péclet and Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy numbers, of the influence of the grid, of the Padé approximants R11 and R22 in the formulations LSFEM, GFEM and SUPG. We present a analysis of the error using the L2-norm, comparing the numerical solutions with analytical solutions. We verify that of the implicit multi-stage method of second-order when combined with the LSFEM, GFEM and SUPG, increased region of convergence of the numerical solutions, and that LSFEM presented a better performace when compared to the GFEM and SUPG formulations.

No estudo em dinâmica dos fluidos computacional há o interesse em obter soluções numéricas para as equações diferenciais parciais. Um desafio neste contexto é a formação de descontiniuidades que pode ser atribuída ao tratamento do termo convectivo não linear em equações diferenciais parciais. Dentro deste cenário, neste trabalho apresenta-se o estudo de um esquema upwind de alta resolução, o esquema ADBQUICKEST (Adaptative Bounded QUICKEST). Este esquema é aplicado em equações 1D e 2D, comparando qualitativemente os resultados numéricos com as soluções analíticas obtidas via transformação de Hopf-Cole e via uma modificação na transformação de Hopf-Cole. Ainda, o esquema é investigado nas soluções da equação de Burgers 1D e no sistema acoplado de equações de Burgers 1D para diferentes condições iniciais e de fronteira. Além disso, analisam-se os resultados numéricos da equação de Burgers 2D e os resultados no sistema acoplado de equações de Burgers 2D a baixos valores de _. Por fim, investiga-se a ordem de precisão do esquema ADBQUICKEST em cada exemplo estudado.
In the studies in computational fluid dynamics there is interest to obtain numerical solutions for partial differential equations. A challenge in this context is the formation of shock that can be attributed to the treatment of the nonlinear convective term in the partial differential equations. Within this scenario, this paper presents the study of a high-resolution upwind scheme, the ADBQUICKEST scheme. This scheme is applied to equation 1D and 2D, qualitatively comparing the numerical results with analytical solution obtained via Hopf-Cole transformation. Still, the scheme investigated in solutions of 1D Burgers equation and 1D coupled system of Burgers equations for different initial and boundary conditions. Furthermore, the numerical results of 2D Burgers equation and the numerical results of 2D coupled system of Burgers equations with low values of _ are analyzed. Ultimately, investigates the order of precision of the ADBQUICKEST in each example studied.

Cette thèse est consacrée à la modélisation markovienne et l'optimisation numérique pour la restauration des signaux en (1D) et (2D) bruités par un bruit blanc gaussien centré. Le principe du modèle markovien exploite le champ de Markov et de Gibbs sur des graphes finis via le théorème d'Hammersley Clifford. Le signal restauré est estimé au sens du critère du maximum a posteriori (MAP), qui conduit à un problème d'optimisation globale mixte, non convexe et de très grande taille, réputé très difficile. Plusieurs méthodes ont été proposées notamment le recuit simulé (SA), le graduted non convexity (GNC) et le recuit par champ moyen (MFA) introduits respectivement par (GG84), (BLA87) et (GEI89). Nous proposons des variantes de GNC 1er et 2eme ordre et surtout un nouvel algorithme que nous appelons balayage par position de discontinuité (BPD). Ce nouvel algorithme s'inspire des méthodes de coupe énumérative en optimisation combinatoire. Il se démarque des autres algorithmes cités par sa nature parallélisable, sa rapidité et sa facilite pour le choix des paramètres de lissage et de sensibilité. Ainsi, par exemple, dans le cas du signal en (1D) un traitement assisté ou automatique est proposé selon le degré de connaissance du signal à restaurer. De plus la souplesse de l'algorithme BPD permet d'introduire d'autres types de fonctions d'énergie élargissant le champ des applications (applications contour-image).

The goal of this research is to compare performance of three analysis methods and three optimization methods for core-megacolumn-outrigger, or CMO skyscrapers. The three analysis methods include a 1D stick analysis, 2D frame analysis, and 3D finite element analysis. The three optimization methods include a trial and error optimization, optimality criteria optimization, and genetic algorithm. Each of these methods was compared by applying an example CMO skyscraper. The 1D stick analysis proved to be the most accurate when compared with the 3D finite element results. The genetic algorithm was recommended as the best optimization method in this research. The 1D stick method in this thesis introduces a new analysis involving an outrigger modification factor. The comparison of these optimization methods for skyscrapers has not been reported in the literature.

Les nanocomposites polymères diélectriques ayant une constante diélectrique élevée et une faible perte diélectrique ont reçu un grand intérêt pour une utilisation dans le domaine du condensateur électrostatique. De manière générale, les performances diélectriques améliorées des nanocomposites sont déterminées par le type et la nature des polymères et des nanocharges sélectionnés, ainsi que par l'effet de couplage interfacial entre les matrices et les nanocharges. Parmi ces facteurs, les propriétés physiques, les géométries et les structures des composants des nanocharges jouent un rôle essentiel dans la détermination des performances diélectriques des nanocomposites. Selon les conductivités des nanocharges, les nanocomposites polymères diélectriques peuvent être classés en deux types: les nanocomposites polymères diélectriques conducteurs (CDPN) et les nanocomposites polymères diélectriques-diélectriques (DDPN). Cependant, la perte diélectrique élevée accompagnée au voisinage du seuil de percolation pour les CDPN et la charge élevée de nanocharges en céramique entravent le développement de nanocomposites polymères diélectriques à haute performance.Tout d'abord, des nanocomposites ternaires BNNS/CNT/PVDF ont été fabriqués. L'incorporation de BNNS dans les nanocomposites binaires CNT/PVDF a amélioré la dispersion des NTC et optimisé le réseau conducteur. La connexion directe entre les CNT pourrait être entravée en augmentant le contenu de BNNS.Deuxièmement, des hybrides CNT@AC à structure cœur-coquille ont été préparés par méthode CVD. La couche de carbone amorphe entrave non seulement le contact direct des NTC, mais améliore également la dispersibilité des NTC dans la matrice de PVDF. Le seuil de percolation augmente avec la prolongation du temps de dépôt du carbone. Plus important encore, la perte diélectrique a subi une forte diminution après le processus de revêtement. Troisièmement, les hybrides BNNSs@C avec des teneurs en carbone différentes ont été synthétisés par la méthode CVD. La fraction de carbone dans les hybrides BNNSs@C pourrait être ajustée avec précision en contrôlant le temps de dépôt de carbone. Les propriétés diélectriques des nanocomposites BNNSs@C/PVDF pourraient être ajustées avec précision en ajustant la teneur en carbone. Les polarisations interfaciales améliorées des interfaces BNNS/C et C/PVDF ont doté les nanocomposites de performances diélectriques améliorées.Quatrièmement, les hybrides TiO2@C NW structurés en noyau et en coquille ont été synthétisés par une combinaison d'une réaction hydrothermale et du procédé CVD. L'épaisseur de la couche de carbone dans les hybrides TiO2@C NW obtenus pourrait être précisément ajustée en contrôlant le temps de dépôt du carbone. De plus, les propriétés diélectriques des nanocomposites TiO2@C NWs/PVDF pourraient être ajustées avec précision en ajustant l'épaisseur de la coque en carbone. Les polarisations interfaciales améliorées des interfaces TiO2/C et C/PVDF ont doté les nanocomposites d'excellentes performances diélectriques.Enfin, des nanofils structurés de TiO2@C@SiO2 structurés à double coques ont été synthétisés par une combinaison de réactions hydrothermales modifiées, de CVD et de réactions sol-gel. L'introduction de carbone comme enveloppe interne entre le noyau de TiO2 et l'enveloppe externe de SiO2 a induit deux types supplémentaires de polarisation interfaciale. Les nanocomposites de PVDF obtenus avec TiO2@C@SiO2 NWs présentaient simultanément une constante diélectrique améliorée et des caractéristiques de perte diélectrique supprimées. La constante diélectrique et la perte de nanocomposites ont augmenté avec l'augmentation de l'épaisseur de la couche interne de carbone et ont diminué avec l'augmentation de l'épaisseur de la couche externe de SiO2. La relation entre la perte diélectrique et l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe extérieure en SiO2 a été démontrée par les résultats de la simulation finie
Dielectric polymer nanocomposites with a high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss have received broad interest for use in the field of the electrostatic capacitor and they are usually composed of dielectric polymers as matrix and inorganic or organic nanofillers as the reinforcement. Generally, the improved dielectric performance of nanocomposites is decided by the type and nature of selected polymers and nanofillers as well as interfacial coupling effect between matrices and nanofillers. Among these factors, the physical properties, geometries, component structures of nanofillers play a critical role in deciding the dielectric performance of nanocomposites. According to the conductivities of nanofillers, the dielectric polymer nanocomposites can be classified into two types: conductive-dielectric polymer nanocomposites (CDPNs) and dielectric-dielectric polymer nanocomposites (DDPNs). However, the accompanied high dielectric loss in the vicinity of the percolation threshold for CDPNs and high loading of ceramic nanofillers hinders the development of high performance dielectric polymer nanocomposites.Firstly, ternary BNNSs/CNTs/PVDF nanocomposites were fabricated. The incorporation of BNNSs into the binary CNTs/PVDF nanocomposites improved the dispersion of CNTs and optimized the conductive network, which contributed to the enhanced dielectric constant. The direct connection between CNTs could be hindered by increasing the content of BNNS.Secondly, core-shell structured CNTs@AC hybrids were prepared by CVD method. The amorphous carbon layer not only hindered the direct contact of CNTs but also improved the dispersibility of CNTs in the PVDF matrix. The percolation threshold increased with the prolongation of carbon deposition time. More importantly, the dielectric loss underwent a sharp decrease after the coating process, which was attributed to the decrease in leakage current. The results suggested that the influence of AC interlayer on the final dielectric performance after percolation was much more obvious than that before percolation.Thirdly, BNNSs@C hybrids with different carbon contents were synthesized by the CVD method. The carbon fraction in the BNNSs@C hybrids could be accurately adjusted through controlling the carbon deposition time. The dielectric properties of BNNSs@C/PVDF nanocomposites could be accurately tuned by adjusting the carbon content. The improved interfacial polarizations of BNNSs/C and C/PVDF interfaces endowed the nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric performance.Fourthly, core-shell structured TiO2@C NW hybrids were synthesized by a combination of a hydrothermal reaction and the CVD method. The carbon shell thickness in the obtained TiO2@C NW hybrids could be precisely tuned by controlling the carbon deposition time. The TiO2@C NWs/PVDF nanocomposites exhibited a percolative dielectric behavior. Moreover, the dielectric properties of the TiO2@C NWs/PVDF nanocomposites could be accurately adjusted by tuning the carbon shell thickness. The enhanced interfacial polarizations of the TiO2/C and C/PVDF interfaces endowed the nanocomposites with excellent dielectric performance.Lastly, core@double-shells structured TiO2@C@SiO2 nanowires were synthesized by a combination of modified hydrothermal reaction, CVD, and sol-gel reaction. The introducing of carbon as an inner shell between the TiO2 core and SiO2 outer shell induced two additional types of interfacial polarization. The obtained PVDF nanocomposites with TiO2@C@SiO2 NWs exhibited simultaneously enhanced dielectric constant and suppressed dielectric loss characteristics. The dielectric constant and loss of nanocomposites increased with the increase of carbon inner shell thickness and decreased with the increasing of SiO2 outer shell thickness. The relationship between the dielectric loss and SiO2 outer shell thickness was further demonstrated by the finite simulation results

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Snyder, Robert; Committee Co-Chair: Wang, Zhong Lin; Committee Member: El-Sayed, Mostafa; Committee Member: Milam, Valeria; Committee Member: Summers, Christopher; Committee Member: Wong, C. P.

L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à la modélisation globale du système veineux jambier entrepris par les Laboratoires Innothera, en étudiant deux de ces aspects singuliers. La première partie porte sur les confluences. A l'aide d'une étude numérique validée expérimentalement nous proposons deux modèles permettant, d'une part de prédire la perte de charge singulière d'une confluence en fonction de sa géométrie et de son régime d'écoulement et, d'autre part, de prendre en compte les effets non newtoniens du sang en introduisant une viscosité dont la valeur dépend du débit. La seconde partie porte sur le remplissage et la vidange d'un tuyau souple. A l'aide d'un banc hydrodynamique nous avons développé une méthode de mesure de loi d'état de ces tuyaux et un modèle rendant compte de la cinématique de leur paroi. Enfin, nous avons réalisé la validation d'un code de simulation numérique permettant de résoudre le problème de l'écoulement d'un fluide dans une conduite déformable.

This thesis presents the project for the optimization of the APOLLO3® neutronic calculation scheme applied to the 4th generation fast neutron reactor ASTRID. APOLLO3® is the new multipurpose neutronic platform developed by the CEA. It incorporates many of the previous generation codes used in the French reactor core design supply chain. Like all deterministic codes, APOLLO3® solves the neutron transport equation with a discretization of the variables of interest: multi-group method for the energy, discrete ordinates and spherical harmonics for the angular variable, collision probabilities and characteristics methods for the spatial variable. The resolution of the transport equation handles useful quantities such as the neutron flux and multiplication factor, fission rates and cross sections to understand the physical behaviour of the reactor core. Currently it is not possible to use deterministic codes to simulate an entire reactor with a heterogeneous 3D geometry and a fine energy description, so to simplify the study of complete neutron field at core level, the calculation scheme is divided into two phases: lattice and core calculation. The main purpose of this work is to find an optimal degree of approximations of the calculation scheme for the evaluation of a desired physical effect and of the user constraints. In order to reach this optimum, several studies have been carried out with different levels of approximations. The results have been benchmarked with the ones obtained using the stochastic code TRIPOLI4®, used as a reference and to ensure a good accuracy. Furthermore, several sensitivity studies have been carried out to understand how the different approximations affect the macroscopic cross sections evaluation, because these dependences are not yet fully understood.

Materials with one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure are important for catalysis. They are the preferred building blocks for catalytic nanoarchitecture, and can be used to fabricate designer catalysts. In this thesis, one such material, alumina nanofibre, was used as a precursor to prepare a range of nanocomposite catalysts. Utilising the specific properties of alumina nanofibres, a novel approach was developed to prepare macro-mesoporous nanocomposites, which consist of a stacked, fibrous nanocomposite with a core-shell structure. Two kinds of fibrous ZrO2/Al2O3 and TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites were successfully synthesised using boehmite nanofibers as a hard temperate and followed by a simple calcination. The alumina nanofibres provide the resultant nanocomposites with good thermal stability and mechanical stability. A series of one-dimensional (1D) zirconia/alumina nanocomposites were prepared by the deposition of zirconium species onto the 3D framework of boehmite nanofibres formed by dispersing boehmite nanofibres into a butanol solution, followed by calcination at 773 K. The materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results demonstrated that when the molar percentage, X, X=100*Zr/(Al+Zr), was > 30%, extremely long ZrO2/Al2O3 composite nanorods with evenly distributed ZrO2 nanocrystals formed on their surface. The stacking of such nanorods gave rise to a new kind of macroporous material without the use of any organic space filler\template or other specific drying techniques. The mechanism for the formation of these long ZrO2/Al2O3 composite nanorods is proposed in this work. A series of solid-superacid catalysts were synthesised from fibrous ZrO2/Al2O3 core and shell nanocomposites. In this series, the zirconium molar percentage was varied from 2 % to 50 %. The ZrO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites and their solid superacid counterparts were characterised by a variety of techniques including 27Al MAS-NMR, SEM, TEM, XPS, Nitrogen adsorption and Infrared Emission Spectroscopy. NMR results show that the interaction between zirconia species and alumina strongly correlates with pentacoordinated aluminium sites. This can also be detected by the change in binding energy of the 3d electrons of the zirconium. The acidity of the obtained superacids was tested by using them as catalysts for the benzolyation of toluene. It was found that a sample with a 50 % zirconium molar percentage possessed the highest surface acidity equalling that of pristine sulfated zirconia despite the reduced mass of zirconia. Preparation of hierarchically macro-mesoporous catalyst by loading nanocrystallites on the framework of alumina bundles can provide an alternative system to design advanced nanocomposite catalyst with enhanced performance. A series of macro-mesoporous TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites with different morphologies were synthesised. The materials were calcined at 723 K and were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible). A modified approach was proposed for the synthesis of 1D (fibrous) nanocomposite with higher Ti/Al molar ratio (2:1) at lower temperature (<100oC), which makes it possible to synthesize such materials on industrial scale. The performances of a series of resultant TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites with different morphologies were evaluated as a photocatalyst for the phenol degradation under UV irradiation. The photocatalyst (Ti/Al =2) with fibrous morphology exhibits higher activity than that of the photocatalyst with microspherical morphology which indeed has the highest Ti to Al molar ratio (Ti/Al =3) in the series of as-synthesised hierarchical TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performances, for the fibrous nanocomposites with Ti/Al=2, were optimized by calcination at elevated temperatures. The nanocomposite prepared by calcination at 750oC exhibits the highest catalytic activity, and its performance per TiO2 unit is very close to that of the gold standard, Degussa P 25. This work also emphasizes two advantages of the nanocomposites with fibrous morphology: (1) the resistance to sintering, and (2) good catalyst recovery.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
93
This research is aimed to develop a complete code that can provide the user a path layout and an optimal speeds setup for a 1D extension system. Prior to analysis, the user needs just to provide the system configuration such as roller locations, radius, friction, and rollers speeds, then the program will output the system layout for first check. The tension analysis then follows to give users initial understanding. The complete code embarks an optimization process in which the user specifies an object function that could be tensions or speeds related and yields the optimal setup for extension process. In the searching of optimal solution, the topographical method and variable metric method are used. At last, two examples, one with minimum tension variation and one with specified tension requirement are demonstrated. The results showed the applicability of the developed method and the relations between tension and speeds as well. This computer code is believed to provide the analyzer and designer a useful tool for extension process.

This thesis is tracking the design process footprints, from the wide initial scenario of a new combustor design for industrial gas turbines, down to detailed design aspects, passing through sealing system design with turbine nozzle, up to a specific liner cooling architecture and its optimization. Main effort of this job has been focused on the creation of a numerical tool, able, since the early phase of development, to analyze the liner cooling with a one-dimensional conjugate aero-thermal-strain approach: liner cold side heat transfer coefficients in a turbulated forced convection region are iteratively computed updating metal and air temperatures and the deformed geometry of coolant passages from results of a heat balance. Coolant passages, in between the deformed surfaces of liner and baffle, influence the air velocity, changing in turn heat transfer coefficients and coolant pressure losses. The computation of liner and baffle strain has been validated comparing the code results with the ones obtained by a detailed finite element model. Correlations embedded in the code have been calibrated thanks to a comparison with temperatures and pressures experimental measurements, which have been acquired in a full annular rig test campaign. The code has been provided with two additional optimization routines, developed to automatically improve the baffle design for an enhancement of the liners durability, without penalizing engine performance. Maintaining the same coolant pressure losses and minimizing the axial gradients of metal temperature by means of a variable gap baffle geometry, a reduction of thermal induced stresses can be achieved. The reader will follow problems and solutions, sizing criteria and uncertainties estimation of the combustor architecture adopted in the BHGE NovaLT industrial gas turbine class, up to reach the testing phase of the manufactured components and finally the baffle design solution optimization. Reliability of the liner cooling system depends also by the reliability of the leakage prediction across the interface between liners and turbine first stage nozzles. In parallel to the baffle design optimization, studies have been performed on this sealing systems, aimed to increase the reliability of the combustor flow split prediction and to identify areas of improvement of the sealing. The criteria for selection and design of the most suitable sealing system and related durability analyses will be presented, completing the picture of the combustor flow split and synergistically improving the reliability of the liners cooling design presented.

碩士
國立交通大學
電子工程系所
95
In this thesis, 1D ZnO/TiO2 core-shell nanowires were prepared in two steps process. ZnO nanowires were fabricated by hydrothermal method at the low temperature as core. The ZnO nanowires were fabricated under the various solution concentrations and growth times of hydrothermal method in order to get a suitable ZnO nanowries array. TiO2 shell was deposited by sputtering method under the various sputtering time and power to get a uniform and different thickness. TiO2 tubes were fabricated by wet etching process. The optical properties, micro structure, surface morphology and the filed emission characteristics of ZnO/TiO2 core shell nanowires are studied. The structures after thermal treatment are also studied.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
資源工程研究所
99
The first part of this research demonstrates the syntheses of 1D copper nanostructure via cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-assisted galvanic reduction. The dimensions of the hollow-rectangular copper nanotubes and nanowires with 150-300 nm in diameter and 2-10 μm in length can be controlled by varying the reaction temperature. Field-emission measurement shows that the thick copper nanowires emit electrons (10 μAcm-2) at a turn-on field of 7.7 Vμm-1 with a field enhancement factor of 100. Using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering probe, a high intensity of 15,000 counts was obtained using thick copper nanowire as the substrate. In the second part, copper nanowires were used as the template to growth 1D copper-silver core-shell nanowires via cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted galvanic reduction in AgNO3 solution. Elemental analysis measurement shows that the core-shell nanowires consist of copper and silver elements in which confirms core-shell nanostructure.

碩士
國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
98
Network technologies have been strongly developed in the past few years and the number of network users is increasing substantially in the world, too. So, optical network technologies begin to receive attention again. Besides, it is important for network businesses to upgrade their networks in order to provide more simultaneous users. In this thesis, we construct and analyze a new family of one-dimensional (1-D) “synchronous” optical codes for use in optical code-division multiple-access systems and networks. The new codes substantially increase can the number of network subscribers by utilizing the benefits of synchronous transfer. They also support variable cross-correlation values for attaining different code performance. In addition, code orthogonality (i.e., zero error probability) can be achieved by using certain subsets of the new codes. We compare the new codes with the 1-D “asynchronous” prime codes. Our results show that the new synchronous codes support more simultaneous users (with the use of orthogonal codewords) and subscribers than the asynchronous codes. Besides supporting synchronous temporal-amplitude-coding O-CDMA schemes, the new codes find applications in spectral-amplitude-coding schemes due to their fixed in-phase cross-correlation functions. We also analyze the optimal 1-D synchronous codes, and compare with the new codes in this thesis.