Tesis sobre el tema "1999 earthquake"
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Petal, Marla Ann. "Urban disaster mitigation and preparedness the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake /". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3142562.
Texto completoWu, Jie Ying. "A comparative study of housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes the 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan /". Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/74.
Texto completoSakiroglu, Mehmet. "Positive Outcomes Among The 1999 Duzce Earthquake Survivors: Earthquake Preparedness Behavior And Posttraumatic Growth". Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613479/index.pdf.
Texto completoDuval, 1997) to understand earthquake preparedness behavior, and Model of Life Crises and Personal Growth (Schaefer &
Moos, 1992) to understand PTG. In order to examine earthquake preparedness behavior, the roles of demographic variables, event-related variables, cognitive appraisal factors, and coping strategies, and in order to examine PTG, environmental factors, system factors, event related factors, earthquake specific coping and cognitive appraisal factors, and general ways of coping responses factors were examined. Data was collected by a questionnaire consisting of three parts. The first part was a socio-demographic information form. The second part of the questionnaire included set of items designed to examine past earthquake experience, the severity of past earthquake experience and reasons to prepare for a possible future earthquake. The third part of the questionnaire consisted of eight scales. These scales were Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) to measure coping strategies used in stressful situations, Revised and Translated Mulilis-Lippa Earthquake Preparedness Scale (MLEPS) to measure the level of earthquake preparedness behavior, perceived difficulty and perceived effectiveness of being prepared, Religiousness Scale (RS) to measure the level of religious resources of participants, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure perceived adequacy of social support, The Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL) to measure the quality of life of the participants, Psychological Well-Being Scale to measure the level of psychological well-being of participants, Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC) to measure posttraumatic stress, and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) to measure stress-related growth. One hundred ninety nine adults (105 females and 94 males with an age range of 18 to 73) were participants of the study. The participants were from Kaynasli, Dü
zce. The participants were selected on the basis of their age, gender, and the type of their houses. They were contacted through home visits. In the result section, the level of the different categories of earthquake preparedness behavior, self-efficacy and outcome efficacy
the reasons of preparedness and nonpreparedness for earthquakes, the variables related to earthquake preparedness behavior and PTG were presented. Hierarchical regression analysis results revealed that perceived responsibility to prepare for earthquakes, outcome efficacy, and problem-focused coping were positively and posttraumatic stress was negatively related to earthquake preparedness behavior. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that being married, perceived social support, well-being, problem-focused coping, and seeking social support coping were significant predictors of the level of PTG. The results of regression analysis also showed that, general problem focused coping was more efficient than earthquake specific active coping after earthquake victimization for the development of PTG. The results of the study were discussed within the relevant literature, shortcomings of the current study, clinical implications and suggestions for future research were proposed.
Yargici, Volkan. "Assessment Of Buried Pipeline Performance During The 1999 Duzce Earthquake". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1063197/index.pdf.
Texto completoOsgoie, Mahtab Ghafari. "A survey of earthquake-induced damage to telecommunications towers (1999-2011)". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112070.
Texto completoThe author and her supervisor, Prof. Ghyslaine McClure, recently worked on a research aimed at validating computational seismic response predictions of a guyed telecommunication mast with ambient vibration measurements. This report summarizes telecommunication towers damages due to recent earthquakes (from 1999 to 2011) as reported in damage reconnaissance accounts openly accessible.
Assimaki, Dominic 1975. "Topography effects in the 1999 Athens earthquake : engineering issues in seismology". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30048.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references.
It is well known that irregular topography can substantially affect the amplitude and frequency characteristics of seismic motion. Macroseismic observations of destructive earthquakes often show higher damage intensity at the tops of hills, ridges and canyons than at lower elevations and on flat areas. Systematic seismic motion amplification over convex topographies has been confirmed by instrumental studies and also predicted by theoretical and numerical simulations of wave diffraction. Nonetheless, for the most part, the former have been limited to weak motion data and the later have treated topographic asperities as simple geometric irregularities on the surface of homogeneous, linearly elastic halfspaces. Despite the qualitative agreement between theory and observations on topography effects, there is still much uncertainty concerning the actual severity of amplification near topographic irregularities, inasmuch as predictive methods are still lacking on the quantitative aspects of seismic amplification near such features. Focusing of seismic rays by convex topographies does play a significant role as shown theoretically, yet it is not the only physical phenomenon involved. On the other hand, weak motion data may not be applicable to describe topography effects for strong shaking, and indeed there exist very few- if any- well documented case studies demonstrating the severity of topographic effects for strong ground motion. In this dissertation, we find that topography and local soil conditions need to be accounted for simultaneously for the prediction of site amplification factors, especially when earthquake motions are strong enough to elicit clear nonlinear soil behavior.
(cont.) We examine how local stratigraphy, material heterogeneity and nonlinear soil response can alter the focusing mechanism at the vertex of cliff-type topographies, and how the free-field response is further modified on account of soil-structure interaction. By means of a case-study from the Athens 1999 earthquake, we validate the effects of local soil conditions by comparison with weak motion data, and illustrate the effects of nonlinear soil behavior and soil-structure interaction on strong motion amplification. Our finite-element, nonlinear simulations seem to explain the uneven distribution of severe damage in the community of Adàmes that borders the crest of the Kifissos river canyon at its deepest point. They also resolve in part previously unexplained discrepancies, often observed between strong amplification during actual earthquakes and moderate values predicted by simple theoretical models. Combining our findings with earlier published results, we propose a period- and space-dependent factor, referred to as Topographic Aggravation Factor (TAF), which can be used in engineering design to modify site-specific design spectra of seismic code provisions to account for topography effects.
by Dominic Assimaki.
Sc.D.
Bulbul, Oguzhan. "An Analysis Of Degirmendere Shore Landslide During 17 August 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607845/index.pdf.
Texto completolandslide, liquefaction, fault rupture and lateral spreading. According to the studies, the failure mechanism is a seismically induced shore landslide also triggered by liquefaction and fault rupture, accompanied by the mechanism of lateral spreading by turbulence. A seismically induced landslide is discussed and modeled in this study. The finite element programs TELSTA and TELDYN are employed for static and dynamic analyses. Slope stability analyses are performed with the program SLOPE. The permanent displacements are calculated with Newmark Method, with the help of a MATLAB program, without considering the excess pore pressures.
Yilmaz, Zeynep. "Gis-based Structural Performance Assessment Of Sakarya City After 1999 Kocaeli-turkey Earthquake From Geotechnical And Earthquake Engineering Point Of View". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605150/index.pdf.
Texto completoChen, Ming-Chu. "Knickpoint retreat and fluvial incision following the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake: Da-An River gorge, Taiwan". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34810.
Texto completoAcar, Fikri. "Low Cycle Fatigue Effects In The Damage Caused By The Marmara Earthquake Of August 17, 1999". Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605534/index.pdf.
Texto completos hysteretic model have been calibrated using a search method. In the calibration process experimental data of a total of twenty-two beam and column specimens, tested under constant and variable amplitude displacement histories, has been used. Fine-tuning of deterioration parameters is essential for more realistic predictions about inelastic behavior and structural damage. In order to provide more realistic damage prediction, three ranges of parameters are proposed. Some damage controlling structural parameters have been assessed via a large number of two-dimensional section analyses, inelastic time history and damage analyses of SDOF systems and seismic vulnerability analyses of reinforced concrete buildings. Inelastic time history and damage analyses of numerous SDOF systems have been carried out to determine whether the loading history has an effect on damage and dissipated hysteretic energy. Then this emphasis is directed to the analyses of MDOF systems. In the analyses of the SDOF systems, various forms of constant and variable amplitude inelastic displacement reversals and synthetic ground motions composed of one of the four earthquake records preceded or followed by its modified records acted as a prior or successive earthquake, have been used. The analyses of two five-story R/C buildings have been caried out using synthetic accelerograms comprised of base input provided by the two recorded ground motions. It is shown that both damage progression and cumulative hysteretic energy dissipated along a path seem to depend on the number and amplitude of cycles constituting the path. However, final damage and accumulated hysteretic energy dissipated along a loading path are independent of the ordering of the same number and amplitude cycles along the path. There is a nonlinear relationship between the earthquake excitation intensity and final damage attained in the end. Increase in the acceleration amplitude leads to exponential increase in damage. As the prior earthquake intensity increases the damage from the succeding main earthquake decreases. A definite ground motion acting as prior and successive earthquake causes substantially different amount of damage. Prior earthquake damage does not substantially affect the maximum drift response in future larger earthquakes. A MDOF frame type structure with aprior damage suffers less overall damage in an earthquake in comparison with the one without a prior damage.
Chao, Tzu-Kai Kevin. "Temporal changes of shear wave velocity and anisotropy in the shallow crust induced by the 10/22/1999 m6.4 Chia-yi, Taiwan earthquake". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28088.
Texto completoBracciali, Emanuele. "Valutazione delle proprietà di diverse misure d'intensità dello scuotimento sismico". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1999/.
Texto completoUnal, Orhan. "3-d Soil Structure Interaction Analyses Of Three Identical Buildings In Sakarya City After 17 August 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1053362/index.pdf.
Texto completonal,Orhan M.S., Department of Civil Engineering, Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr Kemal Ö
nder Ç
etin October 2003, 116 Pages The aim of this study is to analyze the soil structure interaction of three identical buildings on ª
ahinler Street of Sakarya city which had no damage to heavy damage after the Kocaeli (1999) earthquake. For the purpose of 3-D dynamic nonlinear analysis of the soil site and the overlying structures, Flac3D software was chosen as the numerical modeling framework. Soil properties were determined by using the results of available site investigation studies. A three dimensional mesh was created to represent the topographic and geometric constraints of the problem. Linearly elastic perfectly plastic constitutive model was implemented to model the soil behavior. The results of 3-D dynamic numerical analyses in the forms of acceleration, displacement, strain, stress and pore pressure were presented. The higher acceleration, strain and stress levels calculated under the collapsed building can be attributed as the major cause of poor performance of the structure.
Zhang, Wenbo. "Study on Dynamic Rupture Process and Near-Source Strong Motion Simulation - Case of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149083.
Texto completo0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第9962号
理博第2623号
新制||理||1337(附属図書館)
UT51-2003-H383
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
(主査)教授 入倉 孝次郎, 教授 Mori James J., 教授 岡田 篤正
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Chu, Daniel Bei-Lin. "Case studies of soil liquefaction of sands and cyclic softening of clays induced by the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251869331&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoHsieh, Hui-Yuan (Henry) y n/a. "The Taiwanese Residential Construction Peak of the 1990's: Interpreting industry and Developer Behaviour". Griffith University. School of Economics, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051107.122656.
Texto completoHsieh, Hui-Yuan (Henry). "The Taiwanese Residential Construction Peak of the 1990's: Interpreting industry and Developer Behaviour". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366274.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Economics
Faculty of Commerce and Management
Full Text
Tanridagli, Zeynep Ceren. "The Effects Of Being A Neighborhood Disaster Volunteer On General Distress And Post-traumatic Growth Among The Survivors Of 1999 Marmara Earthquake". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605728/index.pdf.
Texto completolcü
k (epicenter of the quake), and the rest were from izmit (further from the epicenter). Data was collected 4,5 years after the earthquake by a questionnaire consisting of three parts. One psychology graduate student and five trained NDVs administered the questionnaire individually. The first part of the questionnaire had items taping socio-demographic information and earthquake experiences. The second part included items related to the experience of being a volunteer. Finally, the third part contained three scales which assessed the participants&rsquo
psychological distress (Symptom Checklist-40), coping skills (Ways of Coping Questionnaire), and posttraumatic growth level (Stress Related Growth Scale). The results of factor analysis indicated that earthquake experience could be grouped into two factors, namely severity of impact and perceived life threat. It was found that the respondents had significantly higher perceived life threat than the severity of impact. The factor analysis for coping yielded four factors, which were problem focused/optimistic, fatalistic, helplessness and escape coping approaches. The comparison of the volunteer and non-volunteers samples showed that the non-volunteer sample uses significantly more levels of fatalistic coping. Moreover it was found that women use significantly more levels of helplessness coping. When the impact of the earthquake severity on post traumatic growth levels was investigated, results showed that individuals from Gö
lcü
k (epicenter of the quake) had significantly higher growth levels than those from izmit (further away from epicenter). The results of regression analyses showed that low education level, helplessness approach, and less use of problem solving/optimistic approach were significant predictors of subjects&rsquo
general distress levels. Being a volunteer, using problem solving/optimistic approach and fatalistic approach appeared as significant predictors of posttraumatic growth. The results were discussed within the psychological distress and growth theories. Furthermore, limitations of the study, implications for psychosocial interventions and future research were discussed.
Naoum, Michael. "The Greek-Turkish rapprochement process, 1999-2004 : paradigm shift or EPI-phenomenon /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FNaoum.pdf.
Texto completoThesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-101). Also available online.
Bayhan, Fikret. "Impacts Of Planning Decisions In An Earthquake Vulnerable City: The Case Of Adapazari". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12612115/index.pdf.
Texto completopublic benefit&rsquo
, many other cities in Turkey are likely to have similar fate in the near future.
Chou, Yu-min. "Minéralogie et propriétés magnétiques de la zone de glissement du séisme de Chi-Chi, 1999 (MW 7,6) et leurs implications". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CERG0601/document.
Texto completoDuring an earthquake, the physical and the chemical transformations along a slip zone lead to alteration and formation of minerals within the gouge layer of a mature fault zone. The gouge contains magnetic minerals, which could be formed under the combined action of friction heat and fluid. Thus, gouge has the capacity to behave as a magnetic recorder during an earthquake. This constitutes a conceivable way to identify earthquakes slip zones. Besides, altered and neoformed magnetic minerals can be used as tracers of some earthquake processes. In this study, we investigate the rock magnetism and paleomagnetism of the Chelungpu fault gouge that hosts the principal slip zone of the Chi-Chi earthquake (Mw 7.6, 1999, Taiwan) using Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project (TCDP) hole-B core samples. We also took a Chelungpu fault outcrop sample for identification of nanoparticle, which associated with fracture energy estimation in fault gouge
Cothern, Keegan. "Bracing Japan: Earthquakes, Nature, Planning, and the (Re)Construction of Japan, 1923-1995". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462783823.
Texto completoTanikawa, Wataru. "Transport properties and high-velocity frictional behavior of Chelungpu, Shuangtung and Shuichangliu fault zones and their implication for fault motion during 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144202.
Texto completo0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第12119号
理博第3013号
新制||理||1449(附属図書館)
23955
UT51-2006-J114
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
(主査)教授 嶋本 利彦, 助教授 田上 高広, 教授 平島 崇男
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Kilgore, Wayne Walter. "Seismic and Geodetic Investigation of the 1996-1998 Earthquake Swarm at Strandline Lake, Alaska". Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1681.
Texto completoKhomchenko, Sergey. "Civil-military relations in domestic support operations. The California National Guard in Los Angeles 1992 Riots and Northridge Earthquake of 1994". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA340977.
Texto completo"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Mary Callahan, Richard J. Hoffman. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86). Also available online.
Sekiguchi, Haruko. "Source Process Analysis of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157176.
Texto completoKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第7665号
理博第2050号
新制||理||1091(附属図書館)
UT51-99-G259
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
(主査)教授 入倉 孝次郎, 教授 尾池 和夫, 教授 安藤 雅孝
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Martin, David N. "Evaluation and comparison of a non-seismic design and seismic design for a low rise office building". Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020113/.
Texto completoLumbantoruan, Partahi Mamora Halomoan. "Probabilistic Post-Liquefaction Residual Shear Strength Analyses of Cohesionless Soil Deposits: Application to the Kocaeli (1999) and Duzce (1999) Earthquakes". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35419.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Bird, Alison Lisa. "Earthquakes in the Queen Charlotte Islands region, 1982-1996". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ34480.pdf.
Texto completoKoyama, Junji. "Effects of earthquakes on partially-filled water tanks". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43432.
Texto completoThis thesis is concerned with the effects of earthquakes on partially-filled water tanks. The analysis is applicable to rectangular water tanks, which have received little attention to date. The analysis is relatively involved and includes the derivation of the equations of motion for the vibration of the whole of tank by means of substructure synthesis, a stochastic analysis relating the random ground motion caused by earthquakes to the random vibration of the tank, a stochastic characterization of the fluid pressure and computation of the probability of failure of the tank.
Master of Science
Malan, Pierre. "Anisotropy in strong ground motion in the 1994 Arthur's Pass earthquake". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6763.
Texto completoRohanimanesh, Mohammad S. "Mutual pounding of structures during strong earthquakes". Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-144915/.
Texto completoSilva, de Victoria Pereira Jose Luis da. "Tectonic and volcanic seismicity following the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302150.
Texto completoManchikalapudi, Lakshminarayana. "Transportation problems faced after big earthquakes". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41684.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Morales, Velasco Cesar Augusto. "Influence of base isolation on the response of structures to earthquakes". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43128.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Horikawa, Haruo. "Inversion for dynamic source parameters : Application to the 1990 Izu-Oshima, Japan, earthquake". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202443.
Texto completoMaldonado, Gustavo Omar. "Stochastic and seismic design response of linear and nonlinear structures". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37420.
Texto completoPh. D.
Yeung, Oi-yan. "A geography of post-disaster recovery : a case study of the Japanese experience following the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2177951X.
Texto completoSobiesiak, Monika. "Fault plane structure of the 1995 Antofagasta Earthquake (Chile) derived from local seismological parameters". Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974307041.
Texto completoHsiu-HaoChang y 張修豪. "Spatial and Temporal stress variations before and after a large earthquake - 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and 2011 Tohoku earthquake". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67951480887346832025.
Texto completo國立成功大學
地球科學系專班
100
This study investigated the spatial and temporal stress variations before and after a large earthquake, respectively, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and 2011 Tohoku earthquake. For the Chi-Chi earthquake, according to the 7126 focal mechanism solutions from March 1991 to October 2010, we selected seven regions in the Chi-Chi earthquake source area and analyzed stress inversion for different periods. The first period started from 1991 to the time right before Chi-Chi. According to the changes of P axis or T axis, the second period ranged from 43 to 116 days. The end of the second period to 2010 is third period. We analyzed P and T axe of the focal mechanism solutions in the spatial and temporal sequences. Stress inversion results are divided into three periods. The stress inversion results between the various regions are due to different geological structure and earthquake mechanisms. For the Tohoku earthquake, we selected 8269 focal mechanism solutions from February 1997 to March 2012. We used the same approach as the Chi-Chi event to the eight regions of the Tohoku earthquake and analyzed stress inversion for different periods. The first period started from 1997 to pre-Tohoku. According to the changes of P axis or T axis values, the second period ranged from 95 to 263 days. The end of the second period to March 2010 is the third period. The results show that Taiwan and Japan after a large earthquake, their stress behaviors have a similar performance. In addition, since the Chi-Chi earthquake, there are three regions had returned to the state of stress before the earthquake and three other regions are in the ongoing stress accumulation process. Comparison of the behavior of the stress after the earthquakes of Chi-Chi and Tohoku, we find that the stress release process is affected by both the magnitude of the mainshock and the distance from the source.
"ASSESSMENT OF BURIED PIPELINE PERFORMANCE DURING THE 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1063197/index.pdf.
Texto completoLiao, Jolan y 廖若嵐. "Dynamic Modeling of the 1999 Mw7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9n7xcb.
Texto completo國立中央大學
地球科學學系
107
The September 20, 1999 (UTC) Mw7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake can be viewed as one of the most devastating and significant events in Taiwan. Although with severe impact, this event provided a remarkable set of data, especially the high-quality near-field strong motion acceleration records from the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Progam (TSMIP). These data provide us a unique opportunity to have comprehensive understanding on the rupture behavior of earthquake. For two decades, since the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, the modeling of earthquake kinematics had been well developed. But nowadays, some questions related to earthquake dynamics still remains unknown. In this study, our goal is to investigate the dynamics of rupture and slip time histories of this event with great help on comprehensive understanding of this earthquake. We construct a 3D dynamic rupture model by finite element method. Based on the constraints of the kinematic study by Ji et al. (2003) and the geophysical logging data from the Taiwan Chelunpu-fault Drilling Project (TCDP), we try to estimate the dynamic parameters (e.g., apparent slip-weakening distance, dc^a) and to determine the state of stress (e.g., initial normal stress, σn) on the fault. In order to understand the characteristics of the dynamic parameters, we designed a series of numerical experiments on homogeneous and heterogeneous model which assume that the fault ruptures with spatially uniform or non-uniform frictional behavior. After various models with different set of dynamic parameters, we find that the parameters for our optimal heterogeneous model are dc=0.5~1.7(m), dc^a=1.9~7.0(m) scaled down by α=0.25, S=0.3~7.5,σn-north=10~92(MPa) and σn-south=3.6~32.3(MPa). The optimal model can simulate a rupture similar to the kinematic study and the maximum slip (~13 m) occurs in the northern part of fault. The total seismic moment M0 is ~4.9*10^20(Nm). The results suggest that could be overestimated due to influence of other dynamic process related to heat or pore pressure for large earthquakes, and the different value of in the northern and southern part of fault might be a key to control the slip pattern.
Kang, Keng-Hao y 康耿豪. "Styles of Surface Deformation Resulting from The 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40897202652299873242.
Texto completo國立中央大學
應用地質研究所
92
The surface rupture along the Chelungpu fault associated with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake extends north-south about 100 km. It provides an exceptional opportunity to study surface deformation of a low angle thrust. Our detailed survey at representative sites along the fault shows that the rupture is a relatively simple 1 to 4 m high scarp with minor hanging-wall deformation and localize uplift, fold, and graben formation along the scarp crest. Along the length of the Chelungpu fault rupture, hanging-wall deformation may be classified into 7 different styles. This includes: (a) monoclinal folding, (b) warping, (c) pure thrusting, (d) thrusting and graben formation, (e) thrusting and warping, (f) thrusting and backthrusting, and (g) thrusting and back-kinking. Simple thrusting and monoclinal folding generally represent narrower deformation. whereas more complex zones of deformation tend to be wider. The deformation styles will be described in details in the text.
Chang, Chi-Yuan y 張繼元. "Seismotectonics of Northwestern Taiwan Before and After 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81221068515920380839.
Texto completoWu, Kun-Che y 吳昆哲. "The Deformation Characteristic of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Tsaotun Area". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97414604169901830265.
Texto completoTsai, Yi-Chun y 蔡宜純. "Impact of the Viscoelastic Relaxation Following the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b4r8vq.
Texto completo國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
94
We use the GPS data collected from the 64 continuous stations in the Taiwan area, set up and operating by Academia Sinica, Ministry of Interior Affairs, and Central Weather Bureau, and the repeated surveys of 103 campaign sites conducted by Academia Sinica after the Chi-Chi earthquake. The data period is from January 1st, 2001 to the end of 2005. GPS data are processed with the Bernse software V.4.2. To obtain the velocity field of continuous GPS stations, the position time series are corrected for the coseismic offsets and the seasonal periodic motions. We also use the repeated GPS data observed from 1992 to 1999 and apply the linear interpolation to obtain the preseismic velocities for the new sites established after Chi-Chi earthquake. Then the preseismic velocity, is subtracted from the observed velocity for each station to obtain the surface displacement after the earthquake. The maximum horizontal and vertical postseismic displacements for the 5-year period from 2001 to 2005 are 17 cm and 12 cm, respectively. To realize the impact of viscoelastic relaxation on the lower crust and the upper mantle caused by Chi-Chi earthquake, we use the Cubit software by Sandia National Laboratory to establish grids, and the models are constructed by using the finite-element code, PYLith. The appropriate viscosity is adopted for each layer to estimate the surface deformation caused by the viscoelastic relaxation, and further comparisons are made between the model results and the GPS observation. To verify the consistency of the finite-element model with the analytic solution, we start with a two-layer model with a horizontal viscoelastic layer under an elastic layer. In general, the differences between the model values and analytic solution are quite small, indicating the good reliability of finite element models. Afterward we apply a three-layer model to compare with the GPS observation, and we find that the tendency of model curve in the horizontal component is similar to the observations, however, the values are in much difference. Thus we consider to add a block of low viscosity underneath the Central Range following the results of Lin (2000). We change the position, viscosity, and size for the block of low viscosity to examine the relation between the viscosity and the model curve. The results show that the variation of position has the most influence upon the model curve. As the block of low viscosity contacts the fault, the model curve expresses a very large amplitude. We find that model with the vertical low viscosity block located at 40-60km from the fault (Visc1), and another model with the horizontal low viscosity block located at 40-80km from the fault (Visc10) have the minimum RMS values. Moreover, comparing the model curves with GPS data, we find that models Visc1 and Visc10 are more or less consistent with the observation. Accordingly, we consider these two models are the best solutions in this research. We inferred that a low viscosity material may exist beneath the Central Range, and it does not contact with the Chelungpu fault. However, the best models are still not fitting the vertical data well. A more sophisticated three-dimensional model is needed in the future studies.
Shih, Yi-hsiu y 施怡秀. "The Deformation Characteristic of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Chushan Area". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14344434393389224445.
Texto completoTsai, Ching Hong y 蔡景宏. "1999 Great Earthquake as a Trigger for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Taiwan". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47336795563983600506.
Texto completo高雄醫學大學
行為科學研究所
90
Abstract On September 21, 1999, at 01:47 a.m., central Taiwan (Ji-Ji county) was struck by a major earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale. Over 2300 people were killed and more than 12000 people were injured. The great earthquake caused severe psychological and physical impact on residents. The onset of acute myocardial infarction follows a circadian pattern, with peak incidence in the early morning hours triggered by awakening and the onset of activity. Natural disasters of brief duration such as earthquakes affecting large populations over a short period of time present models to study the effect of emotional stress as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Ji-Ji earthquake stress on the onset of acute myocardial infarction. We investigated six counties near the epicenter and the hospitalized patients under the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were identified during September 21 to October 31, 1999. We also investigated those during the same period in 1998 to clarify the earthquake-related characteristics. The data was abstracted from the Bureau of National Health Insurance. The results show:(1).Hospitalization due to acute myocardial infarction increased for six weeks after earthquake. The total number from September 21 to October 31, 1999 was 99 patients, which was significantly higher than the 65 patients during the same period of the previous year(odds ratio 1.51, p< 0.05). (2).The counties closest to the epicenter had higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction (3).The incidence of acute myocardial infarction shows the trend to subside gradually from earthquake time.(4) The incidence of acute myocardial infarction after the earthquake in comparison with previous year increased especially during the first three weeks(p<0.05), then returning to the norm. (5).The onset of acute myocardial infarction patients with comorbid factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not higher than acute myocardial infarction patients alone. We concluded that extremely emotional stress with great earthquake superimposed on the stress of awakening results in enhanced triggering of acute myocardial infarction. 。
Yen, Yin-Tung y 顏銀桐. "Slip Distribution of Mw ≧6.0 aftershocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan, Earthquake". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86756674639915773162.
Texto completo國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
90
We investigate the waveforms of several Mw ³6.0 aftershocks to examine the corresponding fault geometry and the distribution of slip on the fault of the aftershocks. The time points and locations that certainly happened in our investigated aftershocks are very close to each other. As a result, those aftershocks are mixed up and fault range and plane are difficult to be defined. One objective of this investigation is to obtain the distributions of slip of several (Mw ³6.0) aftershocks of Chi-Chi earthquake. In the aspect of synthetic waveform, we use the following steps to obtain. First, a fault plane was discretized into many subfaults to imply a finite fault. Then we calculate the point source response on the subfaults and combine all subfaults response. The point source responses for the strong motion synthetics are computed using a layered velocity structure with a frequency-wavenumber integration scheme. In addition, linear least-square inversion procedure that is adopted by Hartzwll and Heaton (1983) could obtain the subfaults dislocations when the best fit to the displacement waveforms between observation and synthetic could be got. A matrix of smoothing constraints also are taken into consideration. The transverse component of the Taiwan strong-motion stations (TSMIP) was used to analyze with detrend and intergrated twice the accelograms to displacements. These aftershocks are located in the eastern of Central Mountain Ranges and there are rare stations there. We must select more information from farther stations to carry analyses out, hence the velocity structure is considered attentive. The results from these aftershocks will thus be related to the mainshock to understand the general picture of the Chi-Chi earthquake sequence.
Hsiao, Yi-Yun y 蕭逸雲. "Spatial distribution of quality of life among Nantou’s residents after 1999 Taiwan earthquake". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t8d4py.
Texto completo國立臺灣大學
職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
92
Abstract Background: Spatial distribution of residents’ quality of life (QOL)in the disaster areas after an earthquake has not been studied before. Aims: This study aims to use Geological Information System (GIS) to evaluate the distribution of residents’ QOL surrounding the epicenter after 1999 Taiwan earthquake. Methods: One cross-sectional survey on 1,747 residents in the disaster area was conducted one year after the 1999 Taiwan earthquake. The brief version of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure quality of life and a questionnaire was used to obtain earthquake-related variables for our study subjects. Individual’s adjusted QOL was obtained by using General Linear Models (GLM) to account for age, gender, religion, education, marital status, financial loss, bereavement, house damage, and financial hardship. Individual’s distance to the epicenter was calculated by the least-square method. The contours of QOL surrounding the epicenter were developed by the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method in the ArcView 8.2. Results: Residents’ distance away from epicenter in improved significantly their quality of life in psychological, social and environmental domains. Their increases were 0.2, 0.1, and 0.1 per kilometer, respectively. No significant association was found between distance and QOL in the physiological domain. The GIS maps showed QOL contours had similar spatial trend as statistical modeling results. The QOL contours were not symmetry around epicenter but were easterly leaned toward the mountain townships in the disaster areas. Conclusion: Distance from epicenter is a significant predictor of resident’s QOL in psychological, social and environmental domains after an earthquake.