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Literatura académica sobre el tema "18MND5 low alloy steel"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 1 de febrero de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "18MND5 low alloy steel"

Huo, Yong-Tao, Yan-Lin He, Na-Qiong Zhu, Min-Long Ding, Ren-Dong Liu y Yu Zhang. "Deformation Mechanism Investigation on Low Density 18Mn Steels under Different Solid Solution Treatments". Metals 11, n.º 9 (21 de septiembre de 2021): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091497.

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To meet the demand of the 10% weight reduction goal for automotive steel, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-18Mn-Al-C steel with different carbon and aluminum contents were investigated under different solid solution treatments, and the deformation mechanisms of the experimental steels were elucidated. Aided by thermodynamic calculation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, it was shown that for the 18Mn-1.5Al experimental steel with about 20 mJ/m2 stacking fault energy (SFE), the twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect always dominated in this steel after different solid solution treatments under tensile deformation. With the 7 wt% aluminum addition, the SFE of austenite was affected by temperature and the range of SFE was between 60 and 65 mJ/m2. The existence of δ-ferrite obviously inhibited the TWIP effect. With the increase in the solution treatment temperature, δ-ferrite gradually transformed into the austenite, and the n-value remained low and stable in a large strain range, which were caused by the local hardening during the tensile deformation. Due to the difference in the deformability of the austenite and δ-ferrite structure as well as the inconsistent extension of the slip band, the micro-cracks were easily initiated in the 18Mn-7Al experimental steel; then, it exhibited lower plasticity.

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Li, Chan, Yuting Xu, Dongao Han, Guohui Fan y Chenggang Yang. "Study on properties of 18MND5 steel forgings for PWR steam generator". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2085, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2085/1/012034.

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Abstract In the pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant, the shell material of steam generator is required to have good strength-toughness matching, anti-fatigue performance, and neutron radiation resistance to ensure the long-term safe and reliable service. The manufacturing requirements of Manganese-Nickel-Molybdenum alloy steel forgings of steam generator channel head for Hua-long Pressurized Reactor (HPR1000) and Advanced Passive PWR(AP1000) nuclear power plant were compared. The heat treatment process, chemical composition, mechanical properties, metallographic structure of 18MND5 steel forging and SA 508-III steel forging were analysed and studied. The results show that the performance heat treatment temperature of HPR1000 forging has more stringent controls and with lower element content of C, Mo, P, Si, V, Co than the AP1000 forging. By reducing the C content, HPR1000 forging got better toughness while the strength was ensured.

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Yun, Duck Bin, Jin Sung Park, Sang Cheol Lee, Jong Kyo Choi y Sung Jin Kim. "Effect of Cr addition on the Corrosion-Wear Behaviors of 18Mn(V, Mo) Steel in a Seawater Environment". Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 61, n.º 9 (5 de septiembre de 2023): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2023.61.9.633.

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The objective of this study was to examine the wear-corrosion behavior of 18Mn(V, Mo) steel, which had a minor amount of Cr addition (< 3 wt%), in an artificial seawater environment, and compare it to conventional carbon steel. A variety of electrochemical experiments, including linear polarization resistance, impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic polarization, were conducted, along with weight loss measurements after immersion and wear-corrosion testing. These tests aimed to determine the static corrosion and wear-corrosion mechanisms of 18Mn(V, Mo) steel with respect to Cr addition. The results of this study indicated that the addition of Cr to 18Mn(V, Mo) steel refined the V<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub> particles in the microstructure, which led to an increase in surface hardness. Moreover, the 18Mn(V, Mo) steel with Cr addition exhibited the lowest corrosion and corrosion-wear losses, compared to 18Mn(V, Mo) steel without Cr and conventional carbon steel. This beneficial effect was primarily attributed to the formation of a thin Crenriched corrosion scale that adhered to the underlying steel. This corrosion scale served as a protective barrier against the penetration of corrosive species and as a lubricant for mechanical wear. The 18Mn(V, Mo) steel with Cr addition has potential application in various industrial fields, particularly in marine and offshore environments, owing to its low corrosion-induced wear loss rate in a brine environment.

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Ye, Tie, Ping Yang, Zhi Wen Lu y Chun Hua Ma. "Research of Deformation Law on High Manganese Steel with Different Alloy Composition". Key Engineering Materials 727 (enero de 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.9.

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The organizations and phase composition after forging and heat treatment of the stacking fault energy for the three high manganese steel with 2.99 mJ/m2,7.9 mJ/m2and23 mJ/m2 were observed. It’s analysised that the microstructure and orientation change of three high manganese steel by SEM and EBSD and the effect of alloy elements and the composition of the material on microstructure of high manganese steel; Through Static compressive deformation of cylindrical specimen under different strain rates experimental, the effect of strain rate on the deformation mechanism of different components of high manganese steel was analysised. Cylindrical specimens by static compression at different strain rates, analysis of strain rate on the different components of high manganese steel impact deformation mechanism; The mechanical performance characteristics are analyzed under different strain rate of three components high-manganese steel by stress - strain curves. By Compressive Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar experiments to study the mechanism of high manganese steel deformation at high strain rates. The study found: the exclusion of the impact of the martensitic transformation can produce 18Mn high manganese TRIP or TWIP effect after deformation. Through observation and calculation, it found C, Al's content of alloying elements on the grain sizes less affected, but the starting temperature of martensitic transformation and layer greatly affects high manganese wrong size possible. Through analysis, found C, Al decides that the high content of alloying elements manganese organization original phase composition and deformation mechanism; organizations γ + ε-M + α'-M high manganese TRIP effect occurs, organizations γ + ε-M's high manganese TRIP effect occurs, tissue TWIP effect of high manganese steel γ.

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Kim, Bomi, Soojin Kim y Heesan Kim. "Effects of Alloying Elements (Cr, Mn) on Corrosion Properties of the High-Strength Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solution". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7638274.

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Effects of chromium and manganese as alloying elements on corrosion resistance of carbon steel were examined using evaluation of corrosion resistance in 60°C NaCl solution with a weight loss test, polarization test, analysis of rust with X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The weight loss behavior conformed to a typical parabolic law, and the oxidation state of iron in rust was higher along the fast pathway but was disproportionate to the distance from the alloy/AR interface. It suggests that the corrosion process of the alloys was controlled by transport of oxygen to the rust layer. The improvements in corrosion resistance of 18Mn and 18Mn5Cr resulted from both the refinement of grain in adherent rust (AR) and the increase of the amounts of goethite in nonadherent rust (NAR) by chromium and manganese. Especially, the effectiveness of chromium on corrosion resistance was also related to the refinements of grain in AR and the amounts of goethite in NAR. The Tafel extrapolation method was inadequate to measure the instantaneous corrosion rate of steels with various alloying elements and immersion periods because of the difference in electrochemical reduction rates of rust, depending on its constituent.

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HONMA, Yuta. "Welding of Low Alloy Steel". JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 91, n.º 8 (2022): 578–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.91.578.

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Gagné, M. y Y. Trudel. "High performance low-alloy steel powders". Metal Powder Report 46, n.º 1 (enero de 1991): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0657(91)91991-e.

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Prasad, V. V. Satya, A. Sambasiva Rao, U. Prakash y R. G. Baligidad. "Electroslag cladding of low alloy steel with stainless steel". Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 7, n.º 2 (abril de 2002): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217102225001359.

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Shi, Bi, Hong Wei Song, Jun Bao Zhang, Han-Qing Cao y Xiu Fang Wang. "Low Carbon Low Alloy Submicro-Steel with Nano-Precipitation". Materials Science Forum 503-504 (enero de 2006): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.511.

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In the present work, low carbon low alloy submicro-steel sheet has been developed successfully by severe warm-rolling (SWR) at 500 °C through a single pass. The result shows submicro-structure can be fabricated by severe rolling. The formation of the submicro-structure is attributed to the grain refinement mechanism induced by the severe plastic deformation (SPD). The refinement involves the cutting and subdividing of the original micro-crystals into ultrafine grains by dense dislocation arrays. To a certain extent, dynamic recrystallization in ferrite during SWR also seems to contribute to the formation of the submicro-structure. The thermal stability of the submicro-steel was investigated by annealing the steel at different temperatures. The investigation indicated that the submicro-steel can be subjected to annealing at 550°C without apparent grain growth. The unusually high thermal stability can be attributed to the pining effect of numerous uniformly distributed nano-precipitates in the steel. The sizes of the nano-precipitates belong to two different orders. The average diameter of the large precipitates is about 30 nm and the smaller one less than 10 nm.

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Zhang, Wenfeng, Zhong Liu, Tianming Li, Xiaogang Liu y Wei Xiong. "Effects of alloy elements on mechanical properties of low alloy wear resistant steel". E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602021.

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This work is mainly concerning with effects of Carbon, Nickel and vanadium on mechanical properties of low alloy wear resistant steel. the results showed that The experimental steels yielded their best comprehensive properties at 940 °C of quenching and at 200 °C of tempering for 0.33 wt% C steel, at 940 °C of quenching and at 220°C of tempering for 0.38 wt% C steel, and at 920°C of quenching and at 230 °C of tempering for 0.4 wt% C steel, respectively.3% Ni steel yielded the best property at 900 °C quenching and 200 °C tempering, while 5% Ni steel was 920 °C quenching and 200 °C tempering. The best property yielded at 940 °C quenching and 200 °C tempering for the Vanadium addition steel.

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Tesis sobre el tema "18MND5 low alloy steel"

Asselin, Cosson Théotime. "Étude des effets de fermeture des fissures de fatigue sous chargement à rapport de charge négatif". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0030.

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La fatigue est avec la corrosion sous contrainte le principal moteur des dégradations observées sur les composants du parc nucléaire français. Les chargements induisant de la fatigue oligocyclique dans les composants primaires sont d’origine thermique et peuvent être à rapport de charge négatif. La justification des composants vis-à-vis de la propagation de fissure en fatigue est actuellement effectuée de manière pénalisante, sans prise en compte du sillage plastique. Des travaux de R&D sont donc requis pour améliorer les modèles de propagation en fatigue pour des chargements variables. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrivent les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire, avec une attention particulière portée aux effets de fermeture de fissure qui sont précisément à même de rendre compte des effets d’histoire. A cet effet, une campagne d’essais de référence à rapport de charge positif est d’abord mise en œuvre sur éprouvettes normalisées. Des essais de fissuration pilotés en déformation totale ont ensuite été conduits sur éprouvettes uniaxiales contenant un défaut initial. Un dispositif expérimental original utilisant les techniques de H-DIC (DIC enrichie en mécanique de la rupture) et le suivi de la différence de potentiel électrique permet de suivre la propagation de la fissure tout en évaluant les taux d’ouverture de fissure. Il est montré que pour les deux matériaux de l’étude les taux d’ouverture varient en fonction du niveau de sollicitation appliquée et du rapport de charge, et dans une moindre mesure de la profondeur de fissure. Une méthode couplant les résultats expérimentaux avec un modèle éléments finis développé sous Cast3M permet de définir des forces motrices fondées respectivement sur le facteur d’intensité de déformation et l’intégrale J. L’évaluation des forces motrices montrent l’importance de la prise en compte des effets de fermeture afin d’obtenir une loi de propagation réaliste pour les deux matériaux de l’étude. Une loi de propagation fondée sur l’intégrale Jeff est obtenue pour les deux matériaux et permet de s’affranchir de la dépendance au rapport de charge, niveau de déformation dans l’analyse de la propagation de fissure
Fatigue, along with stress corrosion is the main cause of degradation observed in the components of French nuclear power plants. The justification of components regarding fatigue crack propagation is currently considered in a penalising way without taking into account the loading history. The study of fatigue closure effects makes it possible to determine driving forces representative of crack propagation. Loads inducing low cycle fatigue in primary components are of thermal origin. A campaign of reference tests on standardised specimens was first carried out before controlled total deformation tests on uniaxial specimens. An experimental set-up using Heaviside-DIC and electrical potential difference monitoring techniques was used to monitor crack propagation while evaluating crack opening rates at the surface and averaged over the specimen. It is shown that for the two materials studied, crack opening rates vary as a function of the level of stress applied, the load ratio and, to a lesser extent the crack depth. The combination of experimental results and the development of finite-element models makes it possible to define and evaluate driving forces based on deformation intensity factors and the J integral. A new crack propagation driving force calculation method adapted to cases of confined plasticity at the crack tip and to cases of generalised plasticity has been defined, making it possible to obtain a unified propagation law for each material that does not depend on the load ratio or the stress level

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Cussac, Paul. "Influence d’imperfections surfaciques sur la tenue en fatigue de composants nucléaires". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0001.

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Dans le contexte de l’industrie nucléaire, la présence éventuelle d’imperfections surfaciques pouvant être générées par des chutes ou frottements d’outils lors de la fabrication et la maintenance des composants se doit d’être justifiée vis-à-vis du phénomène de fatigue. L’objectif premier de cette étude est d’évaluer dans quelle mesure la présence d’imperfections de surface de l’ordre de quelques dixièmes de millimètre de profondeur peut impacter la durée de vie en fatigue oligocyclique. En parallèle, cette étude cherche à décrire, de manière qualitative et quantitative, l’amorçage et la propagation des fissures à partir de ces imperfections. Afin de répondre à ces objectifs, une campagne d’essais de fatigue uni-axiale, menée en contrôle de déformation totale imposée, a été mise en œuvre avec des éprouvettes cylindriques (Φ 9 mm). Les imperfections de surface ont été introduites artificiellement sur les éprouvettes à l’aide de deux dispositifs permettant l’usinage d’entailles de faibles dimensions. Afin de suivre les phases d’amorçage, de micro et de macro propagation des fissures à partir des imperfections de surface, la méthode du suivi de potentiel électrique a été principalement employée. Des actions expérimentales et numériques complémentaires ont été réalisées afin de calibrer le suivi de potentiel. Les résultats de la campagne d’essais réalisée mettent en évidence une influence significative de la présence d’imperfections sur la tenue en fatigue des éprouvettes étudiées. La mise en œuvre du suivi de potentiel électrique a permis de déterminer les cinétiques d’amorçage et de propagation à partir des entailles artificiellement introduites. L’identification d’un paramètre représentatif de la force motrice de propagation dans le contexte de plasticité généralisée associé aux essais réalisés a par ailleurs permis d’exploiter les données relatives aux cinétiques de propagation dans une optique prédictive
Given the stringent requirements of high levels of safety in nuclear components, stakeholders of the French nuclear industry must anticipate the presence of residual surface imperfections in these components. Such imperfections could be introduced during manufacturing or maintenance operations. The incidence of surface irregularities on the fatigue strength of metallic components has tobe considered. Meanwhile, nuclear components can be loaded under low-cycle fatigue and large-scale plasticity conditions. The first objective of this work isthento assess to what extent the fatigue life of typical nuclear materials may be affected by the presence of such surface irregularities. In parallel, thisstudy aims at describing, qualitativelyand quantitatively, the crack initiation and propagation from these imperfections. In order to meet these objectives, a uni-axial fatigue test campaign, conducted under fully-reversed total axial strain control, in the air at room temperature, has been carried out on the cylindrical specimens (Φ 9 mm). Surface imperfections were artificially introduced onto the specimens. The electric potential trackingmethod has been mainly usedto monitor the crack initiation, micro and macro propagation phases from surface imperfections. Additional experimental and numerical actions have been carried out to calibrate the potential monitoring. The results of thetest campaigndemonstrate a significant influence of the presence of imperfections on the9 mm specimensfatigue strength. The useof electrical methodhas allowedto determine crackinitiation and growth ratesfrom surface imperfections. The identification of a representative parameter of the propagation driving force,in the context of generalized plasticity associated with the tests carried out,has also allowed to analysedata relating to propagation kinetics in a predictive perspective

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Romo, Arango Sebastian A. "Low-Cycle Fatigue of Low-Alloy Steel Welded Joints". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1573054310351145.

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Yin, Maggie Huaying Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Metal dusting of iron and low alloy steel". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25188.

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Metal dusting is a kind of catastrophic corrosion phenomenon that can be observed in several of petrochemical processes. It occurs on iron-, nickel- and cobalt-base metals in carbonaceous atmospheres at high temperature when gaseous carbon activity is higher than one. The process is particularly rapid for ferritic alloys The aim of this project was to compare the dusting kinetics of pure iron and a 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy steel under CO-H2-H2O atmosphere at 650??C. Polished (3??m) samples of iron and the steel were exposed to flowing CO-H2-H2O gas atmospheres at 650??C, when the gases were supersaturated with respect to graphite. The partial pressure of CO was varied between 0.25 and 0.9 atm, and the carbon activity was varied from 2.35 to 16, in order to obtain a series of experimental conditions. In most experiments, pO2 was less than 7.37E-24 atm, and no iron oxide could form. However, Cr2O3 would always have been stable. When exposed to these gases, both iron and steel developed a surface scale of Fe3C which was buried beneath a deposit of carbon, containing iron-rich nanoparticles (the dust). Examination by Scanning Electron Microscopy allowed the observation of fine and coarse carbon nanotubes, and also spiral filaments. However, the morphology of the graphitic carbon was not sensitive to pCO and aC. Moreover, the carbon deposit was gas permeable, allowing continuing gas access to the underlying metal. At a fixed=4.5, the carburizing rate clearly increased with CO content from 0.25 to 0.68 atm. However, increasing the CO content to higher value led to decreased rates, indicating that carburizing rate reaches a maximum value at pCO=0.68 atm. When pCO was fixed at 0.25 atm and 0.68 atm, and carbon activity was varied. The induction period was extended by the formation of protective oxide layers at low values of carbon activity (aC= 2.35 and 2.55) where pO2 exceed the iron oxide formation value. For other reaction conditions, the carbon uptake rate for iron and steel did not increase with aC. The present work showed that the carbon deposition rates were not proportional to pCO or pCOpH2. Instead, the rate was affected by the partial pressure of all three reaction gases, and the carbon uptake rate for both materials could be expressed at r=k1pCOpH2+k2pCO2+k3pH22 and the rate constant k3 has a negative value, corresponding to coke gasification. From XRD analyses, it was found that cementite was the only iron-containing phase in the dusting product. The cementite particles acted as catalysts for carbon deposition from the gas. The same deposition process at the surface of the cementite layer led to its disintegration, thereby producing the particles. This disintegration process was faster on the steel than on pure iron. Consequently, the rates of both metal wastage and coke accumulation were faster for the steel. It is concluded that chromium and molybdenum do not stabilize the carbide but accelerate its disintegration process. It is suggested that Cr2O3 fine particles in the cementite layers provide more nucleation sites in the cementite layer on steel, explaining its more rapid dusting kinetics. However, appropriate methods of proving this assumption, such as TEM and FIB, are required.

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Myers, M. R. "Damage accumulation in a low alloy ferritic steel". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370975.

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A study has been made of creep damge accumulation in two casts of l%.Cr-1/2%i.Mo low alloy steel. Creep tests and creep crack growth tests have been carried out at 823K to determine the nature of the damage accumulation and to attempt to relate microscopic damage mechanisms to the macroscopic fracture parameters. Four types of specimen were tested and failure of all occurred by the continuous nucleation. growth and coalescence of grain boundary cavities. A mechanism for the growth of cavities is suggested. based on grain boundary diffusion coupled with geometric constraint. The influence of continuous cavity nucleation has also been considered and it is suggested that this phenomenon initially increases the rate of diffusive cavity growth. However continuous nucleation decreases the growth rate once the latter becomes constrained. The effect of stress-state is also considered and increasing triaxiality is shown to have little effect on the unconstrained diffusive growth but it decreases the constrained growth rate by increasing the overall constraint in the specimen. Predicted growth rates give good agreement to those observed experimentally for both notched and un-notched creep specimens. Reasonable agreement is also observed to the predicted rupture lives although the predictions suggest notch strengthening whilst experimentally notch weakening is observed. This is thought to be due to non-uniform damage formation on loading. Based on the above concepts of cavity growth, constitutive equations are presented to predict the time dependence of creep strain. These are found to give good agreement to the experimentally determined strain rates, lending further support for the development of continuum damage mechanics as a means of assessing creep crack growth behaviour.

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Boåsen, Magnus. "Modeling framework for ageing of low alloy steel". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246036.

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Ageing of low alloy steel in nuclear applications commonly takes the form as a hardening and an embrittlement of the material. This is due to the evolution of the microstructure during irradiation and at purely thermal conditions, as a combination or separate. Irradiation introduces evenly distributed solute clusters, while thermal ageing has been shown to yield a more inhomogeneous distribution. These clusters affect the dislocation motion within the material and results in a hardening and in more severe cases of ageing, also a decreased work hardening slope due to plastic strain localization into bands/channels. Embrittlement corresponds to decreased fracture toughness due to microstructural changes resulting from ageing. The thesis presents a possible framework for modeling of ageing effects in low alloy steels.In Paper I, a strain gradient plasticity framework is applied in order to capture length scale effects. The constitutive length scale is assumed to be related to the dislocation mean free path and the changes this undergoes during plastic deformation. Several evolution laws for the length scale were developed and implemented in a FEM-code considering 2D plane strain. This was used to solve a test problem of pure bending in order to investigate the effects of the length scale evolution. As all length scale evolution laws considered in this study results in a decreasing length scale; this leads to a loss of non-locality which causes an overall softening at cases where the strain gradient is dominating the solution. The results are in tentative agreement with phenomena of strain localization that is occurring in highly irradiated materials.In Paper II, the scalar stress measure for cleavage fracture is developed and generalized, here called the effective normal stress measure. This is used in a non-local weakest link model which is applied to two datasets from the literature in order to study the effects of the effective normal stress measure, as well as new experiments considering four-point bending of specimens containing a semi-elliptical surface crack. The model is shown to reproduce the failure probability of all considered datasets, i.e. well capable of transferring toughness information between different geometries.
Åldring av låglegerade stål i kärntekniska användningsområden framträder typiskt som ett hårdnande och en försprödning av materialet. Detta på grund av utvecklingen av mikrostrukturen under bestrålning och under rent termiska förhållanden. Bestrålning introducerar jämt fördelade kluster av legeringsämnen. Termisk åldring har däremot visats ge upphov till en mer ojämn fördelning. Klustren hämmar dislokationsrörelsen i materialet och ger därigenom upphov till en ökning av materialets sträckgräns, vid en mer påtaglig åldring det även leda till ett sänkt arbetshårdnande på grund av lokalisering av plastisk töjning i s.k. kanaler/band. Försprödning är en sänkning av materialets brottseghet som en följd av de mikrostrukturella förändringar som sker vid åldring. Arbetet som presenteras i den här avhandlingen har gjorts i syfte till att ta fram ett möjligt ramverk för modellering av låglegerade stål.I Artikel I, används en töjningsgradientbaserad plasticitetsteori för att kunna fånga längdskalebeteenden. Längdskalan i teorin antas vara relaterad till dislokationernas medelfria väg och den förändring den genomgår vid plastisk deformation. Flera utvecklingslagar för längdskalan har analyserats och implementerats i en finita element kod för 2D plan deformation. Denna implementering har använts för att lösa ett testproblem bestående av ren böjning med syfte att undersöka effekterna av utvecklingen hos längdskalan. Alla de utvecklingslagar som presenteras i artikeln ger en minskande längdskala, vilket leder till vad som valt att kallas förlust av icke-lokalitet. Fenomenet leder till ett övergripande mjuknande vid fall där den plastiska töjningsgradienten har stor inverkan på lösningen. Resultaten är i preliminär överenstämmelse med de typer av lokalisering av plastisk töjning som observerats i starkt bestrålade material.I Artikel II utvecklas ett generaliserat spänningsmått i syfte att beskriva klyvbrott, här benämnt effektivt normalspänningsmått. Detta har använts i samband med en icke-lokal svagaste länk modell, som har applicerats på två experimentella studier från den öppna litteraturen i syfte att studera effekterna av det effektiva normalspänningsmåttet. Utöver detta presenteras även nya experiment på ytspruckna provstavar under fyrpunktsböj. I artikeln visas att modellen återskapar sannolikheten för brott för alla undersökta experimentuppställningar, d.v.s. modellen visas vara väl duglig för att överföra brottseghet mellan geometrier.

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Chatterjee, Amit. "Hydrogen degradation of plain carbon and low alloy steels /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603219536.

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Donohoe, C. J. "Corrosion fatigue of a high strength low alloy steel". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322985.

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Walker, Nigel Stuart. "Type IV creep cavitation in low alloy ferritic steel weldments". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/efa6973c-9a3d-4a95-8297-61f12cbde92d.

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Cooper, David. "The boundary lubricated friction and wear of low alloy steel". Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/8067/.

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Pin on disc wear machines were used to study the boundary lubricated friction and wear of AISI 52100 steel sliding partners. Boundary conditions were obtained by using speed and load combinations which resulted in friction coefficients in excess of 0.1. Lubrication was achieved using zero, 15 and 1000 ppm concentrations of an organic dimeric acid additive in a hydrocarbon base stock. Experiments were performed for sliding speeds of 0.2, 0.35 and 0.5 m/s for a range of loads up to 220 N. Wear rate, frictional force and pin temperature were continually monitored throughout tests and where possible complementary methods of measurement were used to improve accuracy. A number of analytical techniques were used to examine wear surfaces, debris and lubricants, namely: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, Back scattered Electron Detection (BSED) and several metallographic techniques. Friction forces and wear rates were found to vary linearly with load for any given combination of speed and additive concentration. The additive itself was found to act as a surface oxidation inhibitor and as a lubricity enhancer, particularly in the case of the higher (1000 ppm) concentration. Wear was found to be due to a mild oxidational mechanism at low additive concentrations and a more severe metallic mechanism at higher concentrations with evidence of metallic delamination in the latter case. Scuffing loads were found to increase with increasing additive concentration and decrease with increasing speed as would be predicted by classical models of additive behaviour as an organo-metallic soap film. Heat flow considerations tended to suggest that surface temperature was not the overriding controlling factor in oxidational wear and a model is proposed which suggests oxygen concentration in the lubricant is the controlling factor in oxide growth and wear.

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Libros sobre el tema "18MND5 low alloy steel"

International Iron and Steel Institute. Committee on Technology., ed. High strength low alloy steels. Brussels, Belgium: International Iron and Steel Institute, 1987.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy. Warrendale, PA: Iron and Steel Society, 1995.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Rolled floor plates, carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy steel. [Warrendale, Pa.]: Iron and Steel Society, 1991.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Rolled floor plates, carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy steel. [Warrendale, Pa.]: Iron and Steel Society, 1997.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon and high strength low alloy steel. [Warrendale, Pa.]: Iron & Steel Society, 1998.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon and high strength low alloy steel. [Warrendale, PA]: Iron and Steel Society, 1991.

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Dicken, Rachel. Trace element embrittlement in a low alloy steel. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1994.

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1923-, Tamura Imao, ed. Thermomechanical processing of high-strength low-alloy steels. London: Butterworths, 1988.

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Farrar, J. C. M. The alloy tree: A guide to low-alloy steels, stainless steels and nickel-base alloys. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2004.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Sheet steel: Carbon, high strength low alloy, alloy, uncoated, metallic coated, coil coated, coils, cut lengths, corrugated products. Warrendale, Pa: Iron and Steel Society, 1999.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "18MND5 low alloy steel"

Sha, Wei. "High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel". En Steels, 27–58. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4872-2_2.

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Shi, Bi, Hong Wei Song, Jun Bao Zhang, Han-Qing Cao y Xiu Fang Wang. "Low Carbon Low Alloy Submicro-Steel with Nano-Precipitation". En Materials Science Forum, 511–14. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-985-7.511.

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Ayoub, M., H. Hamed y M. El-Nagar. "Fracture Toughness Simulation of Low Alloy Steel". En Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 119–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3650-1_15.

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Park, Seong Jun, Dong Woo Suh, Chang Seok Oh y Sung Joon Kim. "Crystallographic Texture in Low Alloy TRIP Steel". En Materials Science Forum, 1423–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-443-x.1423.

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Jansto, Steven G., Leonardo Silvestre y Houxin Wang. "Application of Niobium Low Carbon Low Alloy Structural Steel Approach". En HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 895–901. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch112.

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Jansto, Steven G., Leonardo Silvestre y Houxin Wang. "Application of Niobium Low Carbon Low Alloy Structural Steel Approach". En HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 895–901. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_112.

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Saucedo-Muñoz, M. L., R. Gómez-Martínez, A. Ortiz-Mariscal, V. M. Lopez-Hirata, J. D. Villegas-Cardenas y J. L. Gonzalez-Velazquez. "Carbide Precipitation in a Low Alloy Ferritic Steel". En TMS 2017 146th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 791–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51493-2_76.

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Jiang, Min y Xinhua Wang. "Formation Thermodynamics of Inclusions in Al Deoxidized Low Alloy Steel". En Slag-Steel Reaction and Control of Inclusions in Al Deoxidized Special Steel, 53–66. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3463-6_3.

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Fujibayashi, S. y T. Endo. "Creep behaviour of a low alloy ferritic steel weldment". En Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, 603–12. 9^a ed. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003580089-75.

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Shen, Y. F. y L. Zuo. "High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Strengthened by Multiply Nanoscale Microstructures". En HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 187–93. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch18.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "18MND5 low alloy steel"

Louerat, Jules, Olivier Ancelet, Stephane Marie, Stephane Chapuliot y Anna Dahl. "Consideration of Geometrical Effect in Fracture Mechanics Assessment for a Vessel Low Alloy Steel". En ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-106100.

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Abstract Numerous fracture tests have been performed by EDF and Framatome on various specimen geometries extracted from a 18MND5 ferritic steel plate, in the brittle-to-ductile transition regime. C(T), SEN(T), SEN(B), and non-standard specimens have been tested. Based on those data, the work presented here proposes a robust identification methodology which allows the prediction of constraint effect with minor consequences of the choices of the Beremin model formulation (classical model or more complex model with a stress threshold, or a plastic strain correction) and on m parameter on the final interpretation. Results demonstrate geometrical effects, resulting in a temperature shift of KIC distribution of most specimens to higher values than those obtained on C(T) specimens and the capability of the proposed strategy to correctly predict the experimental results. The final goal of this work is to propose a methodology applicable in Engineering Fracture Mechanics Assessment to gain margins without considering any probability of failure or statistical approach.

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Louerat, Jules, Olivier Ancelet, Stephane Marie, Stephane Chapuliot y Anna Dahl. "Consideration of Constraint Effect in Fracture Mechanics Assessment for a Vessel Low Alloy Steel". En ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2024-123672.

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Abstract Numerous fracture tests have been performed by EDF and Framatome on various specimen’s geometry extracted from a 18MND5 ferritic steel plate, in the brittle-to-ductile transition regime. C(T), SE(T), SE(B), and non-standard specimens have been tested. This database has been recently updated with SE(T) tests performed in the lower shelf of the transition domain. This work highlights a robust methodology which allows to predict constraint effect with minor consequences of the choices of the Weibull stress model formulation (classic model, consideration of stress threshold...) and on m parameter on the final interpretation. A local approach based deterministic industrial method is proposed to consider this effect in Engineering Fracture Mechanics Assessment without considering any probability of failure or statistical approach. It allows to evaluate constraint effect at discrete locations along the crack tip. Its application on industrial cases shows that parameters set have limited impact on constraint effect prediction.

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Ancelet, Olivier, Stephane Marie, Stéphane Chapuliot y Aurore Parrot. "Application of the J-Q Methodology to Consider the Geometrical Effect on Fracture for Large Steam-Generator Tubesheet". En ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-106269.

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Abstract In the frame of a Fracture Mechanics Assessement in the perforated part of the steam-generator tubesheet, a defect relying two holes is postulated, which represent a singular configuration compared to conventional FMA. Indeed the defect is relatively small in comparison to the plate thickness and the crack length is limited by the distance between two holes. To take benefit of the geometry effect of this configuration, an application of the two parameters J-Q approach is performed on tubesheet component. At first, the methodology was applied to define and validate the methodology on an experimental data base with different constraint levels. This data base contains numerous fracture tests performed by both EDF and Framatome on various specimen geometries extracted from a 18MND5 low alloy ferritic steel plate, in the brittle-to-ductile transition regime. C (T), SEN (T), SEN (B), and non-standard specimens [1]. Secondly this methodology is applied to predict the benefits of this approached for tubesheet configuration. Different configurations are tested: underclad defect, surface defect, mechanical loading, thermal shock, in the middle of the perforated zone or near the border of the perforated zone. These applications show some significant constraint effect for underclad defect and some moderate effect for surface effect. A methodology is proposed to correct the classical Engineering Fracture Mechanics Assessment to gain margins without considering any probability of failure or statical approach.

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Ancelet, Olivier, Stephane Marie, Stephane Chapuliot y Aurore Parrot. "Fracture Mechanics Assessment of the Steam-Generator Tubesheet Plate Through a Modified Global Approach to Consider the Geometrical Effect on Fracture". En ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2024-123456.

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Abstract Because of the carbon macro-segregation inherent to the large thickness flat component manufacturing, the Fracture Mechanics Assessment (FMA) of the Steam Generator Tube-Sheet (SG-TS) was required for flaws postulated close to the primary (and cladded) surface or the secondary (non-cladded) surface in France. For those assessments, a flaw relying two holes is postulated, which represents a singular configuration compared to conventional FMA. Indeed the flaw is relatively small in comparison to the plate thickness and the crack length is limited by the distance between two holes. To take benefit of the geometry effect of this configuration, a methodology based on a modified global approach was proposed [1]. Applications of this methodology predict benefits of loss of constraint for several tubesheet configurations as underclad flaw or surface flaw with mechanical or thermomechanical loading. Significant constraint effect for underclad flaw and moderate effect for surface effect are estimated. To validate the relevance of this approach, two actions are undertaken: - In the first one, this methodology is applied on an experimental data base which different constraint effect. This data base contains numerous fracture tests performed by both EDF and Framatome on various specimen geometries extracted from a 18MND5 low alloy ferritic steel plate, in the brittle-to-ductile transition regime. C (T), SE(T), SE(B), and non-standard specimens. - In the second one, this application rule is validated through the interpretation of fracture tests performed in the brittle to ductile transition temperature range of specimen representative of a flaw between two isthmuses. The results obtained by this application appear accurate, providing very interesting perspectives for the assessment of the SG-TS, but also the assessment of other configurations such as small surface flaws configuration encountering constraint loss (loss of constraint called the small flaw effect).

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ŚLIWIŃSKI, Piotr, Kamil KUBIK y Mateusz KOPYŚCIANSKI. "Low-Alloy Steel Electron Beam Hardening". En METAL 2022. TANGER Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2022.4411.

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Cancio, Maria Jose, Bruno Giacomel Eloff, Gustavo Kissner, Martin Valdez y Francisco Vouilloz. "High Strength Low Alloy Steel for HPHT Wells". En Offshore Technology Conference-Asia. Offshore Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/24746-ms.

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Kawase, Kinya, Koichiro Morimoto, Tohru Kohno y Hiroki Yanagawa. "High Temperature Sintering of Low Alloy Steel Powders". En International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960381.

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Zhou, Zilong. "Machine learning prediction for low-alloy steel strength". En 2022 International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (MEAI 2022), editado por Chuanjun Zhao. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2672650.

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POKUSOVÁ, Marcela, Ivan MORÁVEK, Zuzana GABRIŠOVÁ, Ján LACH, Norbert KOVÁČIK y Alena PRIBULOVÁ. "Plasma-electrolyte polishing of low-alloy steel 16MnCrS5". En METAL 2024, 246–51. TANGER Ltd., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2024.4891.

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Habibi, S. M., H. Khorsand, K. Janghorban, H. Yoozbashizadeh y H. Rahmani Seraji. "Fatigue Behavior of a Low Alloy P/M Steel". En International Body Engineering Conference & Exhibition and Automotive & Transportation Technology Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2112.

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Informes sobre el tema "18MND5 low alloy steel"

Babu, S. S., S. A. David y T. DebRoy. Inclusion formation in low-alloy steel welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/290931.

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Auten, T. A. y J. V. Monter. Temperature and environmentally assisted cracking in low alloy steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/101185.

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Blackburn, J. M. Factors Affecting the Strength and Toughness of Low Carbon Alloy Steel Weld Metal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, noviembre de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363763.

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Wada, Y., R. Ishigaki, Y. Tanaka y K. Ohnishi. DTRS-3878-HEELAS Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement of Low Alloy Steel at Room Temperature. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), enero de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011860.

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To verify the safety application and use of Cr-Mo steel for the high-pressure hydrogen equipment, tensile, fatigue, and crack growth tests of JIS-G4105-1979 SCM435 and 440 steel under 45MPa high-pressure hydrogen at room temperature were conducted. There were no significant differences in tensile deformation behaviors between the air environment and 45MPa hydrogen until the maximum load point. However, the hydrogen tested specimen broke with less ductility accompanied by many surface crack on the specimen surface which is caused by the specimen machining. The scatter of ductility was observed due to the specimen surface preparation conditions. As a result, reduction of ductility in the gaseous hydrogen environment is caused not only by the specimen machining effect but also by the presence of non-metallic inclusion at the surface.

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A.J. Papworth, D.B. Knorr y D.B. Williams. The Evolution of the Segregation Behavior of Alloying Elements in a Low-Alloy Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820718.

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Prevey, P. S. y J. T. Cammett. The Effect of Shot Peening Coverage on Residual Stress, Cold Work and Fatigue in a Ni-Cr-Mo Low Alloy Steel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, septiembre de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444574.

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Zorba, Vassilia. A comparison on several calibration strategies for the determination of manganese contents in low-alloy steel by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1577441.

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Melton y Bertaso. L52016 Active Flux GTAW Welding Process for Carbon Steel Line Pipe Applications - Phase 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), septiembre de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010376.

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The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process has been used for many years in the joining of carbon steel, alloy steel and non-ferrous alloys. Its capacity to deposit an external root, the ability to choose filler metals for a wide variety of base metals, and its favorable deposition characteristics make this a versatile process which is associated with low defect susceptibility, and excellent weld metal properties. Unfortunately, the GTAW process has not historically been associated with high productivity rates. Past efforts to enhance productivity through "hot wire" technology have improved the GTAW process markedly. Nevertheless, even with "hot wire"technology, the establishment of a GTAW root pass has not been considered competitive with existing GMAW mechanized processes. The objective of this project is to optimize the productivity of the GTAW process for girth welding of pipelines using activating fluxes.

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Patil y Cerkovnik. PR-425-123722-R01 Internally Lined Steel Risers as an Alternative to CRAs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), octubre de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010573.

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Carbon steel and low alloy steel are the common, cost effective materials of choice for design of production risers in deep water. They are, however, often challenged by high stress and fatigue loadings. When production fluids are corrosive and or sour, steel risers may not be feasible without the protection from corrosive effects. To mitigate degradation, the only proven solution to date is the use of corrosion resistant alloys (CRA), either in homogeneous or clad/lined steel pipe product. However, corrosion resistant alloys are very expensive and market supply is limited due to the number of developments worldwide requiring CRA solutions and the limited number mills capable of supplying the product. This study looks at the feasibility and current state of development of alternatives to clad steel in steel catenary risers (SCR). The study focuses on polymer liners and coatings as a way to prolong the life of the risers in corrosive hydrocarbon service. The study includes an industry survey of candidate liners and a risk assessment based on the threats and failure modes. FMECA is conducted on the more promising candidates. The gaps in the knowledge base are identified and a map of further qualification requirements is made. SCRs are currently fabricated with girth welds. However, there is significant amount of testing that indicates that mechanical connectors are a feasible alternative. The potential use of mechanical connectors in conjunction with a coating or liner solution to mitigate corrosion risks is also addressed.

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Patchett, B. M. y A. C. Bicknell. L51706 Higher-Strength SMAW Filler Metals. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), diciembre de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010418.

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The welding of high strength steels in general, and for pipeline fabrication in particular, has shown that cracking due to hydrogen absorption during welding is more complex in these steels than in older, lower strength steels. In older steels, primary strengthening was accomplished with carbon, which caused hydrogen cracking in the base metal HAZ under reasonably predictable conditions involving microstructure, residual stress and hydrogen level. Pipeline steels were and are in the vanguard of change in strengthening philosophy. The change involves two areas of steel making, chemical composition and deformation processing. Pipeline steels now contain low carbon levels, in many cases less than 0.10%, and the resulting lack of strength is reclaimed by adding higher alloy levels to promote solution hardening (e.g. Mn), precipitation hardening (e.g. Cb, Cu) or transformation hardening (e.g. MO). In addition, alloy elements are added to improve toughness at high strength levels (e.g. Ni). At the same time, improvements have been made in reducing impurity and residual element levels, notably for S, P and O and N. Limitations on the effects of alloying additions on strength and toughness encouraged the use of deformation processing, primarily during rolling, to promote fine-grained microstructures to increase strength andtoughness simultaneously. Electrodes for the SMAW process have been developed for welding high-strength pipeline steels by using core wires made from high-strength microalloyed skelp extruded with cellulosic (Exx10) and low hydrogen (Exx16) flux coatings. The required alloy elements for high-strength deposits were therefore obtained from the core wire and not ferroalloy powders added to the flux, as is standard industrial practice. The idea behind this change was two fold: to avoid the possibility of introducing impurities from the varying sources of ferro alloy powders, including oxygen from the oxidized powder surfaces, and also to provide a closer match of the microalloy level to modern pipeline steel chemistries. The unknowns in this work were the effects of lower impurities/similar alloy content on the mechanical properties in the cast microstructure of a weld, compared to a pipe, and of the effect on electrode welding behaviour of a flux containing no ferro powders other than FeSi.

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