Tesis sobre el tema "183/.1"

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CAPES
A pesquisa aqui apresentada retrata aspectos do cotidiano de uma comunidade escolar no Município de Corumbá, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Tendo como objetivo central identificar as estratégias e articulações referentes à gestão democrática, constituída a partir das relações entre escola e comunidade, presentes na construção e no desenvolvimento de ações pedagógicas no Programa Especial de Educação Integral de Corumbá. Considerou-se pertinente, na realização da pesquisa, o Estudo do Cotidiano Escolar como metodologia para as interpretações referentes ao espaço de ocupação pelos sujeitos da comunidade escolar. Tendo como base teórica e epistemológica de pesquisa autores tais quais: Certeau (2014); Azevedo (2002-2003); Alves e Oliveira (2001, 2002); dentre outros que colaboram com estas obras, referindo-se ao estudo do cotidiano escolar. Para o embasamento teórico sobre gestão democrática e Educação Integral, buscaram-se referenciais em Moll (2000, 2012); Freire (1996, 2011, 2012, 2014); Arroyo (2011, 2012); Silva; Silva (2012); e outros autores relacionados ao tema. A pesquisa empírica deu-se a partir de observações, anotações em diário de campo, conversas e entrevistas com os sujeitos da escola e da comunidade do bairro, articulando teoria e prática como elementares no processo construto da pesquisa, evidenciando como tem se dado o processo democrático da escola, evidenciado a partir de três categorias: Democracia, Poder e Participação. Dos dados coletados, categorizados e analisados, encontram-se os resultados evidenciados a partir das interpretações sobre o modo como a comunidade escolar percebe o processo democrático na sua conjuntura mais ampla. Priorizou-se um olhar mais atento às ações referentes à formação, numa perspectiva emancipadora, capaz de promover a autonomia dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo educativo e, ainda, a formação integral e integrada dos educandos para a vida. O que se pode considerar é que há um discurso de democracia que não se efetiva na prática. A comunidade não participa democraticamente das decisões mais importantes da gestão. Constatou-se que há um movimento de gestão e organização do trabalho escolar verticalizado, embora se tenham algumas estratégias de participação que revelam muito mais um jogo de poder e de manipulação
The research presented here depicts everyday aspects of a school community in the Municipality of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. With the main objective to identify the strategies and joints related to democratic administration made up of the relationships between school and community, present in the construction and development of educational activities in the Special Program of Integral Education Corumbá. It was considered relevant in conducting the research, the study of the School Daily life as a relevant methodology for the interpretations regarding the occupation of space by the subjects of the school community. With the epistemological theoretical basis of research which authors such: Certeau (2014); Azevedo (2002-2003); Alves and Oliveira (2001, 2002) among other authors who work in these works, referring to the study of everyday school life. For the theoretical foundation in democratic management and Integral Education sought to references in Moll (2000, 2012); Freire (1996, 2011, 2012, 2014); Arroyo (2011, 2012); Silva; Silva (2012) and others related to the topic. The empirical research was made from observations, notes in a field diary, conversations and interviews with the subjects of the school and the neighborhood community, linking theory and practice as a basic construct in the process of research, showing how has given the democratic process school evidenced from three categories: Democracy; Power and Participation. The data collected, categorized and analyzed are the results shown from interpretations of how the school community realizes the democratic process in its broadest context. Prioritized a closer look to the actions relating to training in a liberating perspective, able to promote the autonomy of the subjects involved in the educational process, and also the full and integrated training of students for life. What can be considered is that there is a discourse of democracy which is not effective in practice. The community does not participate democratically the most important decisions of management, it was found that there is a movement of management and organization of vertical school work, although there are some strategies of participation that reveal much more a game of power and handling

Devido à resistência dos fabricantes de automóveis quanto à utilização de engrenagens de FNA estudos tem sido feitos para averiguar o desempenho deste material em engrenagens. Dentro deste contexto esta dissertação tem como objetivos principais o desenvolvimento e construção de uma máquina de ensaios de fadiga de contato em engrenagens e a comparação quanto à resistência ao desgaste de engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos fabricadas em aço liga 8620 (cementado e temperado) e em ferro fundido nodular austêmperado (FNA). Estas engrenagens foram fornecidas em dois estados de acabamento superficial (shaving ou por fresamento). O equipamento desenvolvido funciona com o princípio de recirculação de potência e é comumente chamado de FZG. Os experimentos de desgaste têm sido feitos com dois estágios de torque: 135 N.m (running-in) e 302 N.m (steady-state) e as engrenagens são de perfil modificado. Após a realização dos ensaios, foi possível verificar que: (1) a área danificada dos flancos, devido ao fenômeno de pitting, das engrenagens de FNA foi maior do que das de aço AISI 8620; (2) a comparação entre os parâmetros de rugosidade nos estágio de fornecimento e após cada estágio do experimento mostra que as engrenagens com acabamento por shaving apresentam uma melhor distribuição da carga e um menor desgaste, (3) o regime de lubrificação na região do diâmetro primitivo durante os ensaios foi o limite (ou limítrofe) para ambos os processos de fabricação, porém o parâmetro de espessura de filme (λ) é maior para engrenagens fabricadas por shaving, fazendo com que a espessura do filme lubrificante seja maior, (4) o efeito da redução da área resistente aos esforços de contato, devido à presença dos nódulos de grafita, na resistência a fadiga foi evidenciado, porém o acabamento superficial mostrou-se mais relevante do que a distribuição e tamanho dos nódulos.
Due to the resistance of automotive manufactures on apply ADI gear studies have been made to verify the performance of this material. Inside this context this work has a main objective the construction of contact fatigue test machine in gears and the comparison, related to the wear resistance, between spur-gears made of carburized and quenched AISI 8620 low steel and austempered ductile iron (ADI). These gears were supplied in two states of finish surface (by shaving or by machining). The developed equipment functions with the principle of the power recirculation and commonly called FZG. The wear experiments were performed in two stages of torque: 135 N.m (running-in) and 302 N.m (steady-state) and the gears have modified profile. After the accomplishment of the experiments, was possible verify that: (1) The damaged area of flanks, due to the phenomenon of pitting, at ADI gears was bigger than AISI 8620 low-alloy steel gears. (2) The comparisons between the roughness parameter in the supply state and after each period of the experiment shows that gears with surface finish by shaving have better load distribution and minor wear. (3) Lubricant regime at pitch diameter was the boundary for both manufacture process, but the film thickness parameter λ is higher for shaved gears, making the lubricant film thickness has major value, (4) The reduction effect the resistive area of contact due the presence of the graphite nodules in the contact fatigue resistance was evidenced, however surface finishing was more relevant than the distribution and size nodules.

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O presente trabalho trata de histórias de mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu no Maranhão, no que se referem a representações sociais, relações de trabalho, gênero e maternalismo, construção de identidades, problemas agrários e ambientais, modelos e mecanismos de organização e constituição de movimento social. Este trabalho estrutura-se em alguns eixos básicos e complementares de investigação. Destaca a importância de uma economia doméstica do babaçu amparada no trabalho feminino, analisando as representações sociais desse recurso natural e evidenciando a invisibilidade dos extrativistas diante dos setores dominantes. Analisa as relações de gênero e trabalho e os usos do tempo entre camponeses maranhenses envolvidos com a agricultura e a quebra do coco, apontando para sinais de maternalismo nos discursos e nas práticas das quebradeiras de coco. Aborda também experiências de quebradeiras de cocoque, com ou sem a participação de outros agentes e grupos, construíram identidades coletivas e desenvolveram estratégias de mobilização e formas de resistência num contexto de conflitos e lutas pela terra e pelo acesso e preservação dos babaçuais. E percorre, ainda, o processo de construção da identidade de quebradeira de coco e outras identidades a ela relacionadas (“mulher”, “negra” “quilombola”, “indígena” etc.), analisando conquistas e mudanças na trajetória de mulheres extrativistas depois de sua inserção no MIQCB, inclusive no tocante à ampliação de sua autonomia e na construção de ideais de igualdade de gênero.
This work analyzes stories of babassu coconut breaker’s women in Maranhão, in referring to social representations, labor relations, gender and maternalism, identity construction, agricultural and environmental problems, models and mechanisms of organization and formation and social movement. This work is divided into basic and supplementary axes of research. It highlights the importance of a domestic economy of babassu supported in female work, analyzing the social representations of this natural resource and highlighting the invisibility of peasants in face of a dominant sectors. It analyses gender relations and work, and the uses of time between peasants involved with agriculture and the breaking of coconut in Maranhão, pointing to signs of maternalism in the discourses and practices of coconut breakers. It also discusses the experiences of coconut breakers that with or without the participation of other agents and groups, constructed collective identities and developed mobilization strategies and forms and resistance in the context of conflicts and strugless over land and access and preservation to babassu palm. And, it observes also the process of construction of coconut breaker’s identity and other identities related to it (“woman”, “black”, “maroon”, “indigenous”, etc.) , analyzing changes and achievements in the trajectory of women after their insertion in MIQCB, including the expansion of their autonomy and the construction of ideals of gender equality.

Intense political debate surrounded the Italian university system in the last ten years. The latter was widely perceived as auto-referential and inefficient so that each government proposed its own solutions and reforms. These targeted the number of classes offered, the way professors are recruited as well as parameters and amount of public funding toward universities. The present dissertation investigates how interventions affected Italian professors. The first work look at recruitment through the lens of game theory and represent the selection process as a bargain between members of the evaluation committee over the possible candidates. We bring the model to the data and evaluate how the reform of selection rules affected some of the parameters of the model. The second essay, focus on the funding system and in particular on the norms that limit personnel expenses of universities. We exploit the variation of budget constraints in time and across institutions in a quasi-experimental framework and estimate the effect of staff turn over limits on the probability of voluntary leaving academia. Finally, the last work looks directly into the political process and studies the formation and break of coalitions in the Italian parliament through concepts of complex network literature. Chapter 2 A common observation is that individuals strive to neutralize the effect of procedural rules designed to drive choices away from their private optimum. An example of this phenomenon is offered by the reaction of Italian academia to two reforms that modified the procedures of recruitment and promotion, by introducing random selection of the examiners not appointed by the recruiting school and reducing from two to one the number of candidates to be qualified. We model the negotiation occurring within evaluation committees and test the decision rule implied by the theoretical model on the sample composed of all selections to associate and full professorship initiated by the Italian schools of economics between 2004 and 2011. Particularly, we investigate whether these reforms decreased the relative weight of the examiner appointed by the recruiting school on committee’s decision. Empirical results suggest that both reforms had little if no effect on examiners’ weights. Chapter 3 The number of professors employed in Italian universities dropped by 15% between 2008 and 2013. This resulted from two opposite trends: a reduction in new hires and an increment in professors leaving academia. While the first trend can be easily explained by government limits on personnel expenses the second one deserves further explanations. In this paper we investigate whether budget constrains on personnel expenses backfired by pushing Italian professor to quit their positions for private companies or foreign institutions. We exploit the selectivity of the new regulation along with its time variation in a quasi-experimental framework. Results indicate an increase in voluntary leaves among institutions with more severe staff limitations. Surprisingly the latter show lower voluntary leaves on average in both pre and post reform periods. We provide some explanations for these results and point out the limits of our methodologies for future investigations. Chapter 4 We analyze the network of relations between parliament members according to their voting behavior. In particular, we examine the emergent community structure with respect to political coalitions and government alliances. We rely on tools developed in the Complex Network literature to explore the core of these communities and use their topological features to develop new metrics for party polarization, internal coalition cohesiveness and government strength. As a case study, we focus on the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Parliament, for which we are able to characterize the heterogeneity of the ruling coalition as well as parties specific contributions to the stability of the government over time. We find sharp contrast in the political debate which surprisingly does not imply a relevant structure based on establised parties. We take a closer look to changes in the community structure after parties split up and their effect on the position of single deputies within communities. Finally, we introduce a way to track the stability of the government coalition over time that is able to discern the contribution of each member along with the impact of its possible defection. While our case study relies on the Italian parliament, whose relevance has come into the international spotlight in the present economic downturn, the methods developed here are entirely general and can therefore be applied to a multitude of other scenarios.

La letteratura scientifica degli ultimi anni si è arricchita di un numero sempre crescente di studi volti a chiarire i meccanismi che presiedono ai processi di homing di cellule staminali emopoietiche e del loro attecchimento a lungo termine nel midollo osseo. Tali fenomeni sembrano coinvolgere da un lato, l’interazione delle cellule staminali emopoietiche con la complessa architettura e componente cellulare midollare, e dall’altro la riposta ad un’ampia gamma di molecole regolatrici, tra le quali chemochine, citochine, molecole di adesione, enzimi proteolitici e mediatori non peptidici. Fanno parte di quest’ultimo gruppo anche i nucleotidi extracellulari, un gruppo di molecole-segnale recentemente caratterizzate come mediatori di numerose risposte biologiche, tra le quali l’allestimento di fenomeni flogistici e chemiotattici. Nel presente studio è stata investigata la capacità dei nucleotidi extracellulari ATP ed UTP di promuovere, in associazione alla chemochina CXCL12, la migrazione di cellule staminali umane CD34+. E’ così emerso che la stimolazione con UTP è in grado di incrementare significativamente la migrazione dei progenitori emopoietici in risposta al gradiente chemioattrattivo di CXCL12, nonché la loro capacità adesiva. Le analisi citofluorimetriche condotte su cellule migranti sembrano inoltre suggerire che l’UTP agisca interferendo con le dinamiche di internalizzazione del recettore CXCR4, rendendo così le cellule CD34+ maggiormente responsive, e per tempi più lunghi, al gradiente attrattivo del CXCL12. Saggi di homing competitivo in vivo hanno parallelamente mostrato, in topi NOD/SCID, che la stimolazione con UTP aumenta significativamente la capacità dei progenitori emopoeitci umani di localizzarsi a livello midollare. Sono state inoltre indagate alcune possibili vie di trasduzione del segnale attivate dalla stimolazione di recettori P2Y con UTP. Esperimenti di inibizione in presenza della tossina della Pertosse hanno evidenziato il coinvolgimento di proteine Gαi nella migrazione dipendente da CXCL12 ed UTP. Ulteriori indicazioni sono provenute dall’analisi del profilo trascrizionale di cellule staminali CD34+ stimolate con UTP, con CXCL12 o con entrambi i fattori contemporaneamente. Da questa analisi è emerso il ruolo di proteine della famiglia delle Rho GTPasi e di loro effettori a valle (ROCK 1 e ROCK 2) nel promuovere la migrazione UTP-dipendente. Questi dati sono stati confermati successivamente in vitro mediante esperimenti con Tossina B di C. Difficile (un inibitore delle Rho GTPasi) e con Y27632 (in grado di inibire specificatamente le cinasi ROCK). Nel complesso, i dati emersi in questo studio dimostrano la capacità del nucleotide extracellulare UTP di modulare la migrazione in vitro di progenitori emopoietici umani, nonché il loro homing midollare in vivo. L’effetto dell’UTP su questi fenomeni si esplica in concerto con la chemochina CXCL12, attraverso l’attivazione concertata di vie di trasduzione del segnale almeno parzialmente condivise da CXCR4 e recettori P2Y e attraverso il reclutamento comune di proteine ad attività GTPasica, tra le quali le proteine Gαi e i membri della famiglia delle Rho GTPasi.

The main objectives of this Ph.D. research work are the development of enhanced nickel matrix nanocomposite coatings and the optimization of the codeposition parameters. Two different nanopowder, i.e. silicon carbide and alumina, were added to a Watts type galvanic bath in order to produce the nanocomposites coatings and ultrasonic vibrations have been considered as an alternative to pitting control agents in order to produce pore-free layers. The powders and the stability of their suspensions have been studied by DLS and ζ-potential measurements. After the study of the relationship between process parameters and embedded ceramic particle amount, the optimized deposition condition have been evaluated and used for the production of the sample for the final properties characterization and to test the use of the ultrasounds. Unique, functional properties of composite coatings are derived not only from the presence of the particles dispersed in the bulk of the metallic matrix but also on the matrix microstructural changes induced by the interaction between particles and electrocrystallization. Therefore the microstructure of all type of coatings have been analyze by SEM on the top-view and on the cross-section, the agglomeration of the powder have been observed by LOM in case of Ni/Al2O3 and by TEM in case of Ni/SiC. It has been demonstrated that the codeposition of the SiC particles induces an important microstructural refinement while the Al2O3 powder is strongly agglomerated and only under ultrasonic vibrations can be dispersed and change the field oriented columnar structure into un-oriented fine grains. Ultrasounds revealed to have positive effect not only in avoiding the porosity but also dispersing the ceramic powder and increasing the codeposition rate. This allowed to produce protective and very refined coatings. All these interactions between ultrasounds, nanopowder and electrocrystallization lead to improved mechanical properties and the enhancement is proportional both to powder content and dispersion degree. Moreover a well dispersed powder induce, an improvement also in the corrosion protection leading to the formation of a more stable and resistant passive oxide. Concluding, Ni/Al2O3 nanopowder codeposition leads to hardening effect, but does not affect the corrosion resistance because the particles agglomeration is not completely avoided even if deposited under ultrasonic vibrations. The SiC particles, on the contrary, can be better dispersed thus leading to improved both mechanical and protective properties.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic multifactorial autoimmune disease that includes 5-10% of diabetes cases and is characterized by the immune-mediated insulin secreting β cell destruction with consequent loss of β cell mass and hyperglycemia. In autoimmune diabetes, the selective β cell destruction is the result of a series of mechanisms including, but not limiting to autoreactive T cells direct β cell destruction and inflammatory stress, resulting in a dramatic loss of functional β cell mass. MicroRNAs are small non coding 19-24 nucleotides RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, binding selectively their mRNAs target and leading to their translational repression and/or degradation. It was also remarked that miRNAs are involved in T1D pathogenesis, by regulating a series of processes both in β cells and lymphocytes that ranged from cell metabolic dysfunction and apoptosis to dedifferentiation and immune molecule secretion. Additionally, it has been suggested that secreted microRNAs can take part in the communication between immune system and pancreatic endocrine cells; therefore, studying such dialogue could help to better understand T1D pathogenesis and to the identification of biomarkers that reflect the diseased status of the target organ. In order to investigate the role of miRNAs as biomarkers of T1D pathogenesis both at endocrine and immune interface, the study can be subdivided into the following sections: 1) MiRNAs as circulating biomarkers of diseased-target tissue- In this section, miR-409-3p was found downregulated in murine and human plasma of T1D subjects, highlight the importance to find a lymphocyte deriving circulating biomarker that reflect the target organ pathological status. 2) MiRNAs as modulators of β cell function- miR-183-5p was downregulated in pancreatic endocrine tissue of mouse and human diabetic patients, contributing to β cell protection from apoptosis through the modulation of anti-apoptotic factor Bach2 and through the potential induction of a dedifferentiation phenomenon. This study demonstrated that β cells are able to react to stress and to cell damage through a miRNA-mediated protective phenomenon. 3) Secreted/Immune-derived miRNAs as mediators of β cell apoptosis- Exosomes enriched in miR-142-3p/5p and miR-155 and secreted by T autoreactive lymphocytes, induced selective β cell apoptosis, through the modulation of proinflammatory chemokine expression. The selective AAV “Sponge” inactivation of miR-142-3p/5p, miR-150 and miR-155 induced β cell protection of prediabetic NOD mice from the autoimmune attack that occurs in T1D, inducing the reduction of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 specifically in β cells than in α cells. Such study remarked the exosome-mediated communication dynamics between immune system components and endocrine cells in the center of this dialogue, miRNAs give their fundamental contribution and more importantly, as it has already been reported, it’s possible to actively and therapeutically interfere in this dialogue in order to positively change the β cell fate.

This study examines the deployment of Wireless E9-1-1 Phase One and Wireless E9-1-1 Phase Two as a diffusion of innovation. The research method used in this study is a cross-sectional study employing secondary data in a discriminant function analysis. The study population is Virginia units of local governments (95 counties and 39 cities) that had not deployed Wireless E9-1-1 Phase One or Wireless E9-1-1 Phase Two as of January 1, 2001. The period of time included in this study is from 2001 to 2006. The purpose of the study is to assess the overall accuracy of the three principle theories of policy innovation adoption: diffusion, internal determinants, and unified theory, which are variations of the fundamental diffusion theory, in predicting the deployment of wireless E9-1-1 by Virginia units of local government. This assessment was conducted by identifying Virginia specific variables from models associated with these policy innovation theories to determine the best performing model for the deployment of Wireless E9-1-1 throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Virginia specific variables utilized in this study are: Wealth, Population, Fiscal Health, Dedicated Funding, Financial Dependency, Urbanization, Regionalism, and Proximity to Interstate. Dedicated Funding and Regionalism had the largest absolute size of correlation among the predictor variables for the deployment of Wireless E9-1-1 Phase One and Wireless E9-1-1 Phase Two, thus generating the best performing model. This information will provide the basis from which to develop a statewide comprehensive policy and plan for Next Generation 9-1-1 and will help provide an answer to the question of when and how governments get involved in designing and implementing a 9-1-1 emergency service network.

iv ABSTRACT GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF LENTIL ( Lens culinaris M. cv.Sultan.1) WITH A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REGULATOR (MBF1c) AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS KAMÇ
I, Hamdi Ph.D., Biotechnology, Institute of Natural ad Applied Sciences Supervisor Prof. Dr. Meral YÜ
CEL Co-Supervisor: Dr. Ufuk Ç
elikkol AKÇ
AY September 2011, 252 pages In this study, Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of lentil Sultan 1 cultivar with MBF1c and evaluation of transgenic plants was aimed. The study was initially based on optimized protocol with Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYRT1 strain and pTJK136 binary plasmid. Based on this protocol and transient marker gene expression in embryo apex, 15% stable transformation efficiency was aimed. However limited knowledge about pTJK136 and problem with curing KYRT1 leaded us to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 strain and also to engineer an alternative binary plasmid
pPZP101. Hence, scope of this study became construction of a plant binary transformation vector and lentil transformation optimization with C58C1 strain.First plant transformation vector designed in this study was pPZP101ManA-MBF1c. Transformations with C58C1::pPZP101ManA-MBF1c were carried out with a reformulated co-cultivation media. Cotyledonary nodes were isolated from three days old lentil seedlings germinated with phytormone (BAP/TDZ) induction. Isolated nodes were either injured and pre-incubated in co-cultivation media or pre- incubated and then injured prior to transformation. Regeneration and necrosis behaviors of the transformed explants leaded us to the conclusion that explant preparation is the critical step of transformation. And data suggest that explants isolated from 2mg/l BAP, pre-incubated two days in co-cultivation media, injured and transformed performed significantly better scores for necrosis shoot regeneration and callus formation parameters. Transformed explants that survived in subsequent sub-cultures in mannose selection raised shoots. These shoots were grafted and regenerated into plantlets. The putative transgenic plantlets were screened for transgene with PCR. Initial amplification signals fainted and lost as grafts grew. In order to make a diagnosis of this fainting behavior the second plant transformation vector pPZP101ManA- GUSint-MBF1c was constructed and transient GUS expression analysis were made.

Exchange is argued to be a flawed foundation upon which to build a definition of marketing. 'Homo economicus' is rejected, while altruism and solidarity are affirmed to be highly significant motivations in understanding and influencing the behaviour of target publics in certain nonbusiness marketing situations. Hence, a new definition of marketing based on behaviour change is proposed. Contemporary research on altruism and solidarity is reviewed. Some marketing issues are considered in a trade union context in order to illustrate how altruism, solidarity and a new definition of marketing may better describe, explain, predict and control relevant marketing phenomena.

Les bases normatives du principe fédéraliste offrent un cadre souple et adaptable à différents types de régimes politiques, mais offrent surtout un cadre pouvant répondre aux impératifs de stabilité et de légitimité de plusieurs États-nations, tel que le Canada. Le fédéralisme permet, entre autres, d'établir un régime s'appuyant sur l'équilibre entre le besoin de diversité et le besoin d'unité, besoins qui doivent être satisfaits afin d'assurer la stabilité du pays. Cependant, les principes normatifs du fédéralisme ont été délaisses au profit de la consolidation de l'unité pancanadienne, niant la diversité profonde, principe cher à la nation québécoise. Ainsi, au Canada, depuis 1867, les structures fédérales ont plutôt servi à une entreprise de construction nationale par et pour la majorité canadienne-anglaise, au détriment des différents groupes minoritaires qui habitent sur ce même territoire. L'objectif principal de ce mémoire est de démontrer que si le fédéralisme est apte à fonder une organisation stable et légitime du point de vue des différentes nations qui cohabitent sur le territoire étatique du Canada, la majorité canadienne-anglaise persiste à nier la conception multinationale du pays. Puisque le nationalisme majoritaire canadien semble très peu ouvert à l'idée de s'assumer comme tel (en tant que nation majoritaire), l'application d'une réelle politique de la reconnaissance mutuelle au sein d'une fédération multinationale canadienne semble illusoire. En fait, cette majorité défend toujours l'idée que la fédération canadienne repose sur un découpage territorial et sur un principe de la citoyenneté indifférenciée (homogène). Cette vision écarte les diverses représentations qu'ont d'eux-mêmes les peuples minoritaires. Pour le Québec, qui veut être reconnu comme une nation sociopolitique à l'intérieur d'une fédération multinationale, le Canada constitue par conséquent une fédération illégitime, valorisant la diffusion des valeurs de la majorité plutôt que de favoriser l'équilibre entre les principes d'unité et de diversité. La négation de la nation québécoise et des peuples autochtones constitue cependant un élément majeur de l'instabilité politique du pays. De ce fait, le Canada aurait tout avantage à adhérer aux principes de la fédération multinationale pour assurer l'avenir du pays.

Дисертація присвячена питанням діагностики, клінічного перебігу і профілактики нозокоміальних синуїтів (НС) у хворих з тяжкою черепно-мозковою травмою (ЧМТ). При обстеженні 234 хворих з тяжкою ЧМТ під час їх перебування у відділеннях реанімації та інтенсивної терапії в 30,8% випадків виявлені ознаки НС. Встановлено діагностичні критерії НС, до яких віднесені вияв набряку слизової оболонки або скопичення ексудату в приносових пазухах (ПНП) під час повторного КТ- чи МРТ-дослідження, поява слизово-гнійних чи гнійних виділень в носових ходах, а також виявлення мікробного патогена в пунктаті ПНП. В етіологічній структурі НС переважали представники грамнегативної умовнёопатогенної мікрофлори з високим рівнем резистентності до широкого кола антибіотиків. В патогенезі НС провідну роль відігравали мікроциркуляторні розлади в слизовій оболонці носа та ПНП, викликані ЧМТ та підсилюванні інвазивними маніпуляціями, а також значні зрушення в стані неспецифічної резистентності та імунітету. З урахуванням етіології та головних ланок патогенезу НС у хворих з тяжкою ЧМТ розроблено комплекс профілактичних заходів, який включав аспіраційну перфузію носової порожнини, застосування аплікаційного сорбенту та заселення слизової оболонки носа представником нормальної мікрофлори людини – Aerococcus viridans. Впровадження наведеного профілактичного комплексу у хворих з тяжкою ЧМТ дозволило знизити рівень захворювання нозокоміальним синуїтом з 30,8% до 13,3% та попередити розвиток гнійних його форм.

A Buck Boost converter circuit has been designed and simulated to drive a dc motor for an electric vehicle. The design consists of an IGBT Buck-Boost converter, the battery pack in the Buck side and a capacitor in the Boost side. The main battery has the motor load connected to it. The design helps in improving the efficiency of the DC motor by using the bidirectional buck boost converter along with the battery pack and capacitor.It provides energy to the motor during acceleration and also facilitates the energy regeneration during braking or deceleration. The incorporation of the regenerative braking can improve the efficiency as much as 25% and therefore improve the driving range. During boost operation the converter transfers the energy from the capacitor to the battery(battery gets charged) while during regeneration converter works in buck mode and transfers energy from battery to capacitor(capacitor is charged).There are a number of options for DC DC converter such as Boost,Buck converter, Isolated/Non isolated Half bridge Buck Boost converter,Full Bridge converter and ,Cuk Converter.The isolated converters are preferred as they don’t include transformers and hence increase the overall efficiency of the system along with reduction of size and weight of the system.A controller was designed to generate a controlled PWM signal input to the igbt switches. The battery voltage is measured and an error signal is generated with respect to a reference voltage. This error is given as input to a PI controller and the controller generates a PWM switching pattern by using a comparator. The controller thus controls the amount of energy transferred to the capacitor.In present work the controller is designed and simulated for both the operating modes-Buck mode and Boost mode.

Accessing and exploiting organizational resources plays an integral role in not only a firm’s propensity to achieve a competitive advantage, but also its mere survival in a competitive environment (Ulrich & Barney, 1984). One of the most common means of resource acquisition for both large administrative firms and smaller entrepreneurial enterprises is interorganizational alliances (Ireland, Hitt, & Vaidyanath, 2002). Utilizing the resource-based view of the firm within a strategic alliance framework, this dissertation examines a particular type of interorganizational exchange relationship permeating the marketing discipline. The promotional alliance is defined within this research as a strategic alliance based on resource exchange between a promoting enterprise and a firm seeking to fulfill promotion-based objectives through an ongoing collaboration with the enterprise. Each of the two sides of the promotional alliance relationship served as a focus for one of the two studies presented within this work. In the first study, a longitudinal survival model was employed to investigate the dependency of a promotional enterprise on external resource acquisition via alliances with promotion-seeking firms. Also at issue were the heterogeneity of resources accessed and the dynamics of the institutional forces regulating such alliances. Alliances with sponsoring firms offering financial and performance-based resources, as opposed to operational resources, were found to have a significant influence on the survival of sponsored enterprises. However, these dependencies were subject to changes in institutional support and the potential for diminishing returns. The second study approached promotional alliances from the perspective of the firms seeking promotion. Relying on the theory of efficient capital markets (Fama, 1970), an event study analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of internationally prominent promotional alliance announcements on the equity value of the sponsoring firms, which theoretically reflects investors’ expectations of future cash flows. Contrary to prior research, the initiation of these alliances demonstrated a negative impact on shareholder value. Several alliance, firm, and promoting partner characteristics were hypothesized to influence alliance outcomes to varying degrees within the cross-sectional sample of promotion-seeking firms. Surprisingly, only the magnitude of the sponsoring firm’s alliance investment and the nationality congruence within the alliance were influential in predicting investors’ reaction to such alliances. Each study was embedded within the institutional context of Formula One (F1) motor racing and focused on the promotional alliances involving corporate partners (sponsoring firms) and their affiliated racing teams. In this context, the racing teams acted as the promoting enterprises charged with providing the marketing platform to meet their sponsoring firms’ objectives. With annual races on four or more continents; a global television audience rivaled only by the Olympics’ opening ceremony, FIFA World Cup finals, and the NFL’s Super Bowl; direct competition between promoting teams; and sponsoring firms hailing from fifteen different nations and over twenty diverse industry sectors; F1 provided an ideal setting for the evaluation of interorganizational alliances’ impact on the survival of promoting enterprises and a promotion-seeking firm’s value implications. To compliment and strengthen the applied contribution of both studies, the analyzed results were subjected to a discussion with industry experts representing both sides of the promotional alliance relationship (Lane & Jacobson, 1995). Not only did this closing analysis reinforce the relevance of the research offered here, but it also presented a practitioner-focused examination of the industry challenges inherent in the theoretical tenets underlying such research.

Chapter I: Affinity-Cleaving Studies Examining the Orientation and Specificity of the DNA-Binding Domain from yδ Resolvase

The DNA binding domain of gd resolvase, residues 141-183, is thought to bind DNA by the helix-turn-helix motif based on sequence similarities with other known DNA binding proteins. Incorporation of the DNA cleaving moiety, EDTA•Fe at the amino and carboxy termini of yδ (141-183), allows the positions of these residue relative to the DNA bases at three resolvase binding sites, each consisting of inverted copies of an imperfectly conserved nine base pair consensus sequence, to be mapped by highresolution gel electrophoresis. Cleavage data for EDTA-yδ(141-183) reveal that the NH^2 terminus of the DNA binding domain of yδ resolvase is bound proximal to the minor groove of DNA near the center of the resolvase binding sites. Cleavage by EDTA•Fe attached to a lysine side chain at (Asn^183_Lys^183) at the COOH terminus of yδ (141-183) reveals that the putative recognition helix is in the adjacent major groove on the same face of the helix, oriented towards the center of the inverted repeats. Subsequent studies utilized affinity cleavage to analyze the effects of changes in amino acid composition of the recognition helix on the binding characteristics of yδ (141-183).In a systematic helix-switch experiment, the DNA contact residues of the putative recognition helix were exchanged for the DNA contact residues from another putative helix-turn-helix protein, Hin recombinase. Substitution of the amino acid in the putative recognition helix of yδ resolvase resulted in five proteins that showed no DNA binding specificity, six proteins that showed no significant alterations in DNA binding specificity, and four proteins that showed altered DNA binding specificity.

Chapter II: Design of a Sequence-Specific DNA-Cleavage Metalloprotein Ni(II) GGH- yδ (141-183)

A forty-six residue chymeric protein that combines the cuperic binding domain of serum albumin, GGH, with the DNA binding domain of yδ resolvase (residues 141-183), was synthesized. This protein, in the presence of Ni(II) and monoperoxyphthalic acid, cleaves DNA sequence specifically at one nucleotide adjacent to each of the six yδ resolvase binding sites contained within res. Cleavage occurs at the center of each of the dimeric binding sites, indicating that the position of the Ni(II)GGH is proximal to the minor groove. The characteristics of the DNA products created by Ni(GGH- yδ 141-183) cleavage of DNA indicates that cleavage is produced by some time of non-diffusible oxidizing species. ESR studies indicate that cleavage is not mediated by Ni(III)•GGH. Mechanistic studies indicate that DNA cleavage likely results from abstraction of the hydrogen atom at the C4' position of the deoxyribose backbone by some high valent, nickel-oxo species. Protocols for the synthesis of deuterated thymidines are included.