Relevant bibliographies by topics / ZZS complex

Academic literature on the topic 'ZZS complex'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "ZZS complex"

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Zhang, Qianting, Shu-Yan Ji, Kiran Busayavalasa, and Chao Yu. "SPO16 binds SHOC1 to promote homologous recombination and crossing-over in meiotic prophase I." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaau9780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9780.

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Segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I is tightly regulated by their physical links, or crossovers (COs), generated from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through meiotic homologous recombination. In budding yeast, three ZMM (Zip1/2/3/4, Mer3, Msh4/5) proteins, Zip2, Zip4, and Spo16, form a “ZZS” complex, functioning to promote meiotic recombination via a DSB repair pathway. Here, we identified the mammalian ortholog of Spo16, termed SPO16, which interacts with the mammalian ortholog of Zip2 (SHOC1/MZIP2), and whose functions are evolutionarily conserved to promote the formation of COs. SPO16 localizes to the recombination nodules, as SHOC1 and TEX11 do. SPO16 is required for stabilization of SHOC1 and proper localization of other ZMM proteins. The DSBs formed in SPO16-deleted meiocytes were repaired without COs formation, although synapsis is less affected. Therefore, formation of SPO16-SHOC1 complex–associated recombination intermediates is a key step facilitating meiotic recombination that produces COs from yeast to mammals.
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Wang, Xue-Zhong, Predrag S. Stanimirović, and Yimin Wei. "Complex ZFs for computing time-varying complex outer inverses." Neurocomputing 275 (January 2018): 983–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.09.034.

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Ernits, K., K. Muska, M. Danilson, J. Raudoja, T. Varema, O. Volobujeva, and M. Altosaar. "Anion Effect of Zinc Source on Chemically Deposited ZnS(O,OH) Films." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/372708.

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The study on the anion effect of different Zn sources—Zn(CH3COO)2, ZnCl2, ZnI2, Zn(NO3)2and ZnSO4—on the chemical deposition of ZnS(O,OH) films revealed that the growth rate and composition of the ZnS(O,OH) layer depend on the instability constant (pK) value of the corresponding Zn-complex Zn(L)nin the chemical bath solution. In the region ofpKZn(NH3)2+>pKZn(L)nthe ZnS(O,OH) film's growth rate and ZnS concentration in films increased with the increasing pK value of the used Zn salt complex up to the pK value of theZn[NH3]2+complex and decreased in the region wherepKZn(NH3)2+<pKZn(L)n. The band gap values (around 3.6 eV in most cases) of deposited ZnS(O,OH) films did not depend on the Zn precursor's instability constant, the ZnS(O,OH) film from zinc nitrate containing bath has higher band gap energy (Eg= 3.8 eV). The maximum efficiency of CISSe and CZTSSe monograin layer solar cells was gained with ZnS(O,OH) buffer layer deposited from CBD solution containing Zn(CH3COO)2as Zn source, which provided the highest growth rate and ZnS concentration in the ZnS(O,OH) film on glass substrates.
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ZHANG, JIANJUN, and JUNHONG DUAN. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SPHERE-LIKE ZnS NANOCRYSTALS BY THERMOLYSIS OF A NEW COMPLEX PRECURSOR." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 19 (July 30, 2010): 2091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910024456.

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In this paper, the preparation and optical properties of sphere-like ZnS nanocrystals are reported. Pure and uniform cubic-phase sphere-like ZnS nanocrystals with grain sizes of 30–40 nm were synthesized by thermolysis of a new precursor complex ( enH 2)0.5[ Zn ( en )3]( SCN )3 (en = ethylenediamine) in nitrogen stream at 800°C. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The XRD analysis reveals the phase of ZnS with cubic zinc blende. UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectra (PL) were utilized to investigate the optical properties of sphere-like ZnS nanocrystals. By testing on UV-Vis spectra, it is concluded that the limiting wavelength of the ZnS nanocrystals is 320 nm and the band gap is 3.88 eV. In room temperature PL spectra, one strong emission peak centered at 322 nm is discovered, which could be attributed to the band to band transitions. The above-mentioned results showed that the thermolysis method is preferable for synthesizing high-quality sphere-like ZnS nanocrystals. The synthesized precursor could be used as morphological templates to prepare nanostructure inorganic compounds.
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Rai, S., and R. Kothari. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Zinc Sulphide nanoparticles using Microwave irradiation of Zinc complex of Thiosemicarbazone ligand as a Single Molecular precursor : Pharmacological activities." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 18, no. 1 (January 2023): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2023.181.31.

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Single molecular precursors are appropriate starting materials for synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs), which allow for the control of atomic ratio, monodispersity, composition and particle size of nanoscaled metallic sulfide nanoparticles. In the present study, we have reported the synthesis of nanostructured chalcogenides pharmacologically active active zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) using Zn (II) ion inserted thiosemicarbazone ligand as a single molecular precursor .The precursors were thermally pyrolysized using high energy microwave radiations to obtain very fine ZnS nanoparticles. In this synthesis, we use DMSO as a nonpolar solvent for the synthesis of all compounds. The heating of Zinc complex in the non- aqueous environment of DMSO plays a very crucial role in decreasing reaction time, reducing the chances of side reactions and proper conversion of Zn complex into ZnS nanoparticles. In this reaction Zn complex of thiosemicarbazone ligand provides both Zn2+ and S2- ions for synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles. The microwave synthesis of ZnS NPs from Zn complex is a very simple, fast, highly effective, efficient and low cost method. All synthesized compounds were characterized by various structural, electronic, vibrational, optical, morphological and pharmacological characterizations. The prepared ZnS NPs were found to crystallize in cubic phase, which generally forms at low temperatures, with the dimensions dependent upon the molar ratio of molecular precursors used. Synthesized ZnS nanomaterials had surface sulfur vacancies that extend their absorption spectra towards the visible region and decreased the bond gap. This allowed ZnS nanoparticles to demonstrate various pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities under normal conditions. Powered X-ray diffraction studies confirms the formation of well -defined equispaced crystalline ZnS NPS. TEM and FE SEM microscopic studies confirmed the elongated tubules structure of ZnS NPs with an average particle size of 60 nm. Sharpe electronic absorption band at 390 nm indicates the synthesis of good quality ZnS NPs. The FT-IR spectral studies confirmed the presence of Zn-S stretching, N-H bending and C=N stretching, vibrations in molecular precursor as Zn(II) complex. The thermal analysis of molecular precursor was performed to investigate the thermal stability of zinc complex. The Zn complex was stable up-to 3800 c. All synthesized compounds demonstrated excellent pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities as compared to standards used in analysis of compounds. The microwave synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles via single molecular precursor in proper stoichiometric ratios is an excellent and an efficient method for synthesizing highly effective bioactive agents which can be considered as good drug candidate for the treatment of various diseases in future
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Shono, Y., and T. Oka. "Complex defects in electron-irradiated ZnS." Journal of Crystal Growth 210, no. 1-3 (March 2000): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(99)00696-x.

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Ajibade, Peter A., and Abimbola E. Oluwalana. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Single and Binary Mixture of Brilliant Green and Rhodamine B Dyes by Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 7686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247686.

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We present the preparation of octadecylamine-capped ZnS quantum dots from bis(morpholinyldithiocarbamato)Zn(II) complex. The complex was thermolyzed at 130 °C in octadecylamine at different times, to study the effect of reaction time on the morphological and photocatalytic properties of the ZnS quantum dots. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline phase of ZnS, while HRTEM images showed particle sizes of about 1–3 nm, and energy band gaps of 3.68 eV (ZnS–1), 3.87 eV (ZnS–2), and 4.16 eV (ZnS–3) were obtained from the Tauc plot for the ZnS nanoparticles. The as-prepared ZnS were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of brilliant green, rhodamine B, and binary dye consisting of a mixture of brilliant green-rhodamine B. The highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 94% was obtained from ZnS–3 with low photoluminescence intensity. The effect of catalytic dosage and pH of the dyes solution on the photocatalytic process shows that pH 8 is optimal for the degradation of brilliant green, while pH 6.5 is the best for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B. The degradation of the binary dyes followed the same trends. The effect of catalytic dosage shows that 1 mg mL−1 of the ZnS nano-photocatalyst is the optimum dosage for the degradation of organic dyes. Reusability studies show that the ZnS quantum dots can be reused five times without a significant reduction in degradation efficiency.
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Benalloul, P., J. Benoit, and A. Geoffroy. "TbF3 complex centre in ZnS ACTFEL devices." Journal of Crystal Growth 72, no. 1-2 (July 1985): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(85)90204-0.

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Fortmann, Christian. "Bewegungsresistente Verben." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 26, no. 1 (January 19, 2007): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs.2007.009.

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AbstractIn German, three types of morphologically complex verbs have to be distinguished with respect to V2-movement. Complex verbs either move as a whole or leave behind a particle or do not move at all. I argue that the latter type –
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Koo, Eunhae, and Jong-Chul Lee. "A Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Nitric Oxide in Aqueous Media." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/276057.

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Imaging of nitric oxide (NO) in living cells can provide new insights in understanding unsolved pathways in the cardiovascular and neurological dysfunction and many types of cancers. For the detection of NO under physiological conditions, we synthesized a turn-on fluorescent probe comprising CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) coordinated with dirhodium complex. Emission from CdSe/ZnS-QDs is quenched when coordinated with the dirhodium complex but can be restored upon the displacement by nitric oxide.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ZZS complex"

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Pyatnitskaya, Alexandra. "Interplay between meiotic crossing-overs and chromosome architecture : role of the meiosis specific complex Zip2-Zip4-Spo16." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS061.

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La méiose est une étape essentielle de la reproduction chez tous les organismes sexués. En effet, celle-ci permet l’obtention de quatre gamètes haploïdes à partir d’une seule cellule diploïde grâce à la réalisation deux divisions successives suivant une seule étape de réplication. Un des éléments essentiels permettant une bonne ségrégation en première division méiotique est la création d’un échange physique entre les chromosomes homologues parentaux. Ce lien physique, plus communément appelé crossing-over (CO), est produit par un mécanisme de recombinaison entre les chromosomes homologues au cours de la prophase I méiotique. La recombinaison homologue est initiée par la formation simultanée de nombreuses cassures double-brin au sein du génome. Chez la levure de boulanger, la formation des COs est dépendante de la famille protéique ZMM (un acronyme pour Zip1/2/3/4-Msh4/5-Mer3-Spo16) composée de huit protéines hautement conservées, et impliquées dans la reconnaissance et la stabilisation des intermédiaires d’ADN formés au cours de la recombinaison homologue. Nous avons montré que la protéine Zip4 forme un complexe stable avec deux autres protéines ZMM, Zip2 et Spo16. Le complexe Zip2-Zip4-Spo16 (ZZS), de type XPF-ERCC1, serait capable de reconnaitre et de stabiliser les intermédiaires de recombinaison afin de promouvoir leur réparation en tant que CO. Chez les mammifères, Zip2 et Zip4 possèdent des homologues décrits, SHOC1 et TEX11 respectivement, mais aucun homologue n’a été découvert pour Spo16. Nous avons réalisé une analyse in silico et pu déterminer un homologue de Spo16 chez les mammifères, MmSPO16. Par la suite, j’ai pu co-purifier MmSPO16 avec le domaine XPF de SHOC1, ce qui suggère la conservation du complexe ZZS chez les mammifères. De plus, le processus de formation des COs est corrélé́ à la mise en place d’un complexe protéique formé entre les deux chromosomes homologues, appelé complexe synaptonémal (CS). Le CS est composé de deux éléments axiaux, accolés entre eux à une distance précise de 100 nm par la région centrale. La région centrale comprend un élément central, composé de l’hétérodimère Ecm11-Gmc2, et d’un élément transversal formé par la protéine Zip1. Les éléments transversaux partant des axes opposés se lient tête-bêche au niveau de l’élément central. Malgré des liens fonctionnels évidents entre la formation des COs et l’assemblage du CS entre les chromosomes homologues, aucun lien physique direct n’a été établi à ce jour. Au cours de mon doctorat, j’ai pu démontrer l’existence d’une interaction physique entre la protéine du CS Ecm11 et la protéine ZMM Zip4. Cette interaction est nécessaire pour la localisation et la polymérisation d’Ecm11 sur les chromosomes, l’assemblage correct du CS et la ségrégation des chromosomes homologues en première division méiotique
Meiosis is a highly conserved mechanism among organisms with sexual development. This process consists in producing four haploid gametes from one diploid cell by executing two successive rounds of cell division. During the first meiotic division, reciprocal exchanges of parental DNA strands, also known as crossing-overs (COs), ensure the faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes. COs arise from a specific type of DNA repair, homologous recombination. This pathway is initiated by the simultaneous induction of hundreds of double strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome. In budding yeast, the major CO pathway is promoted by a family of eight conserved proteins, named ZMMs (acronym for Zip1/2/3/4-Msh4/5-Mer3-Spo16), involved in recognizing and stabilizing DNA intermediates formed during homologous recombination. We showed that the Zip4 protein forms a stable tripartite complex with two other ZMM proteins, Zip2 and Spo16. Our data suggests that the Zip2-Zip4-Spo16 (ZZS) complex binds recombination intermediates through its XPF-ERCC1-like domain and drives them towards a CO fate. The homologs of Zip2 and Zip4 in mammals, SHOC1 and TEX11 respectively, have been described, but no Spo16 homolog has been found so far. We could identify the homolog of Spo16 in mammals by an in silico screen, MmSPO16. In addition, I could co-purify MmSPO16 with the XPF domain of SHOC1, thus revealing the potential conservation of the entire ZZS complex in mammals. ZMM-dependent COs are formed within the context of a meiosis-specific structure, named synaptonemal complex (SC). The SC is a proteinaceous structure composed of two axial elements physically maintained together at a precise distance of 100 nm by a central region. The central region encompasses a central element, composed of the two proteins Ecm11 and Gmc2, and the transverse filaments composed of Zip1. The transverse filaments from opposing axial elements overlap and bind head-to-head in the central element. However, despite evidence of a close relationship between SC assembly and CO formation, nothing is known about a direct link that could coordinate these two events spatially and temporally. During my PhD, I found a new interaction between the SC protein Ecm11 and the ZMM protein Zip4. This newly discovered interaction is necessary for Ecm11 association and polymerization on chromosomes, the SC assembly and the homolog disjunction in meiosis I. Our results suggest a direct connection that ensures SC assembly from CO sites through the Zip4-Ecm11 interaction. This way, ensuring SC polymerization from emerging CO sites could be a way of fine-tuning CO distribution, by participating to CO interference and/or by regulating nearby DSB formation. Moreover, I could identify an interaction between the mammalian ortholog of Zip4, TEX11, and one of the five members composing the SC central element, TEX12, raising the possibility that this mechanism synchronizing CO formation and SC polymerization could be conserved
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Bascopé, René Pastor Torrico. "Conversor CC-CC ponte completa ZVS-PWM com comando assimetrico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1994. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/111792.

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Vergara, Daskam Camilo Manuel. "Distribución de fluidos y fracturas en sistemas hidrotermales utilizando tomografías sísmicas 3D: Caso del Complejo Volcánico Tinguiririca." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143138.

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Geólogo
La aplicación de tomografías sísmicas en sistemas volcánicos e hidrotermales permite inferir propiedades físicas y litológicas del área estudiada a partir de la distribución 3D de velocidades sísmicas y sus variaciones. Sin embargo, la interpretación en general es ambigua porque son varios los factores químicos y mecánicos que controlan las velocidades de ondas sísmicas. En esta memoria se plantea que es posible identificar zonas saturadas con distintos tipos de fluido, arcillas y/o fracturas en sistemas hidrotermales a partir de los valores de velocidades de ondas P y S de una tomografía sísmica 3D utilizando criterios cuantitativos. Al contrastar los modelos obtenidos con información geológica disponible es posible mejorar la comprensión de su dinámica, determinando la geometría y la relación espacial entre las estructuras y los reservorios asociados al sistema volcánico-hidrotermal. En este trabajo se estudia el Complejo Volcánico Tinguiririca (CVT), ubicado en la Zona Volcánica Sur Transicional, en Los Andes de Chile central. Es un sistema volcánico-hidrotermal activo que se compone de tres estratovolcanes además de varios conos de escoria y manifestaciones termales alineados a lo largo de 20 km en dirección NNE, cerca de la traza principal del sistema de fallas El Fierro. Para cuantificar las variaciones de Vp, Vs y el módulo de Poisson (σ) causadas por la presencia de distintos tipos de fluido se utilizó un modelo de inclusiones de fluido con geometría de esferoide oblato. La principal conclusión obtenida es que estudiar las variaciones de dVs en conjunto con los módulos de Poisson obtenidos de una tomografía sísmica en un sistema hidrotermal posibilita distinguir zonas con distintos tipos de fluido (fundido, agua y/o gases), fracturamiento y arcillas. Utilizando estos resultados, se desarrolló un método que permite clasificar los datos y visualizar en 3D la distribución de las zonas antes definidas Al aplicar la metodología propuesta a la tomografía sísmica de Pavez et al. (2016) en el Complejo Volcánico Tinguiririca, se identificaron zonas con distintas propiedades petrofísicas en el área estudiada. Las principales son: en la zona noroeste existe un volumen con alteración hidrotermal y fracturas con arcillas; en el suroeste, se observa un cuerpo con fracturas secas, que representa la zona de daño del sistema de fallas El Fierro. Al oeste, se identificó un posible reservorio magmático compuesto de diques y saturado de volátiles, y al suroeste una zona saturada con agua, cerca de las Termas del Flaco. Esta distribución, tras contrastarse con información geológica y geofísica de otras fuentes, permitió establecer los principales rasgos de la dinámica del sistema volcánico e hidrotermal. Se propone la existencia de fluidos primarios producidos por desgasificación de un reservorio magmático. Éstos ascienden a través de diques y fracturas asociadas a la zona de daño del sistema de fallas El Fierro. Al sur, el sistema tiene una zona dominada por líquidos, y al norte una zona dominada por vapor, con alteración hidrotermal y arcillas bajo los volcanes y las manifestaciones termales solfatáricas. La aplicación del método desarrollado aquí supone una mejora en la interpretación de tomografías sísmicas en sistemas volcánicos e hidrotermales, debido a que permite detectar zonas con fluidos, arcillas, fundido y fracturas utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, con criterios de clasificación basados en modelos numérico-elásticos.
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Farhat, Ayman. "Calculs théoriques avec le couplage spin orbitales pour les molécules diatomiques YS, YN, ZrS, et ZrN." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10078/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude ab initio des structures électroniques des molécules diatomiques polaires YN, YS, ZrN, et ZrS. Cette étude est motivé par le manque d’informations dans la littérature sur la structure électronique de ces molécules, alors qu’elles ont clairement été identifiées dans le spectre de certaines étoiles. Des calculs théoriques sont ainsi nécessaire puisqu’ils peuvent fournir d'importantes informations quant aux propriétés des états électroniques fondamentaux et excités qui ne sont pas accessibles expérimentalement. Dans ce travail les calculs ab initio ont été effectués par la méthode du champ auto-cohérent de l'espace actif complet (CASSCF), suivie par l'interaction de configuration multiréférence (MRSDCI). La correction de Davidson, notée (MRSDCI+ Q), a ensuite été appliquée pour rendre compte de clusters ou agrégats quadruples non liés. Les calculs ont été effectués selon deux schémas. Dans le premier les effets spin-orbite ont été négligés alors que dans le second les effets spin orbite ont été inclus par la méthode des potentiels de noyau efficaces. Tous les calculs ont été effectués en utilisant le programme de calcul de chimie physique MOLPRO et en tirant parti de l’interface graphique Gabedit. Les courbes d'énergie potentielle ont été construites et des constantes spectroscopiques calculées, ainsi que les moments dipolaires électriques permanent, les champs électriques moléculaires intenses et les structures énergétiques de vibration-rotation. Nous avons détecté dans la molécule ZrS plusieurs niveaux vibrationnels dégénérés ceux-ci peuvent être utilisés pour rechercher les variantes possibles de la constante de structure fine α etdu rapport de masse μ de l’electron par rapport au proton dans trois étoiles de type S, du nomde Rand, les RCas, et χCyg. La comparaison des données expérimentales et théoriques pour la plupart des constantes calculées a montré une bonne précision pour nos prédictions avec une différence relative (en pourcentage) qui varie entre 0,1% et 10%. Ces résultats devraient ainsi mener à des études expérimentales plus poussées pour ces molécules
This dissertation is dedicated to the ab initio study of the electronic structures of the polardiatomic molecules YN, YS, ZrN, and ZrS. The identification of these molecules in the spectraof stars as well as the lack in literature on the electronic structures of these molecules motivatedthe present study. Theoretical calculations are useful in this respect since they can provideimportant data for the properties of the ground and excited electronic states that are not availablefrom experimental means. In the present work the ab initio calculations were performed at thecomplete active space self-consistent field method (CASSCF) followed by multireference singleand double configuration interaction method (MRSDCI). The Davidson correction noted as(MRSDCI+Q) was then invoked in order to account for unlinked quadruple clusters. Thecalculations were performed on two stages in the first spin orbit effects were neglected while inthe second type of calculations spin orbit effects were included by the method of effective corepotentials. All of the calculations were done by using the computational physical chemistryprogram MOLPRO and by taking advantage of the graphical user interface Gabedit. In thepresent work potential energy curves were constructed and spectroscopic constants computed,along with permanent electric dipole moments, internal molecular electric fields, and vibrationalrotationalenergy structures. We detected in the ZrS molecule several degenerate vibrationalenergy levels which can be used to search for possible variations of the fine structure constant αand the electron to proton mass ratio μ in three S-type stars, named Rand, RCas, and χCyg. Acomparison with experimental and theoretical data for most of the calculated constantsdemonstrated a good accuracy for our predictions giving a percentage relative difference thatranged between 0.1% and 10%. Finally, we expect that the results of the present work shouldinvoke further experimental investigations for these molecules
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Santos, Alexandre José Araujo dos 1969, Adriano 1969 Peres, Sérgio Vidal Garcia 1974 Oliveira, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica. "Conversor CC-CC ZVS em ponte completa para aplicação em máquinas de soldagem processo eletrodo revestido /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2010. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2010/348561_1_1.pdf.

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Orientador: Adriano Peres.
Co-orientador: Sérgio Vidal Garcia Oliveira.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.
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Carvalho, Rafael Takasaki. "Estudo e implementação de controle digital para o conversor ponte completa e comutação suave com modulação por deslocamento de fase (FB-ZVS-PS)." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86513.

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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica
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O presente trabalho aborda o desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema de controle digital para o estágio de saída de uma fonte de alimentação para telecomunicações, conversor FB-ZVS-PS, utilizando o processador digital de sinais TMS320LF2407 da Texas Intruments. Este trabalho foi motivado, não só pelas vantagens proporcionadas pelo controle digital, tais como flexibilidade e redução de volume, como também pela necessidade de desenvolvimento nas técnicas de controle para o segmento de retificadores monofásicos. Para a realização deste trabalho foi necessário, além do estudo do estágio de potência e do processador, a elaboração de uma solução digital original de controle "phase-shift" aplicada ao conversor FB-ZVS-PS. Um protótipo utilizando uma placa de circuito impresso de uma fonte comercial de 600 W foi desenvolvido para validação desta técnica. Os resultados obtidos foram extremamente satisfatórios com destaque para o comportamento dinâmico verificado através de reduzidas variações na tensão de saída sob mudanças de carga.
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Zanatta, Cleber. "Análise teórica e experimental do comportamento de grandes e pequenos sinais e desenvolvimento de um novo modelo dinâmico de pequenos sinais do conversor ZVS-PSM-FB." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8436.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This Master Thesis presents the development of a new dynamic model for the DC-DC Zero-Voltage-Switching Phase-Shift-Modulated Full-Bridge (ZVS-PSM-FB).At first, the ZVSPSM-FB converter is analyzed and the Steady-State equations are derived. Then, using the ac equivalent circuit modeling technique, it is derived two new ZVS-PSM-FB dynamical models, based on step operation of the converter and steady-state converter equations. These two new ZVS-PSM-FB dynamical models with two dynamical models previously presented in the literature are used to perform a frequency response and a transfer-function DC-gain comparison to verify the performance of the dynamical models. Comparison results shows that our second model here derived presents a better performance among other models, keeping the desirable characteristics as simple polynomial ratio transfer-functions, excellent theoretical accuracy of transfer-functions DC-gains, transfer-functions coefficients independency of circuit parasitics components, excepting the primary leakage inductance. Even in this work, it is shown frequency response experimental results of the ZVS-PSM-FB converter, designed following telecommunications rectifiers power supplies standards.
Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo dinâmico para o conversor CC-CC Ponte-Completa Modulado por Deslocamento de Fase e com Comutação em Zero de Tensão (ZVS-PSM-FB). Inicialmente, o conversor ZVS-PSM-FB é analisado, onde são derivadas as equações que definem a operação em regime-permanente do conversor. A seguir, utilizando-se da técnica de modelagem ca média de conversores estáticos, deriva-se dois novos modelos dinâmicos para o conversor, tendo por base as etapas de operação do conversor e as equações de regime-permanente. Feito isso, os dois modelos aqui derivados, são comparados com outros dois modelos dinâmicos já apresentados na literatura para verificar seus desempenhos quanto à resposta em freqüência e resposta do ganho-cc das funções de transferências à variações de carga do conversor, dos modelos dinâmicos. Resultados desta comparação mostram que o segundo modelo aqui derivado é o que apresenta melhor desempenho entre os modelos comparados, mantendo características desejáveis de simples formato de função de transferência como razão de polinômios, precisão teórica excelente para resposta de ganho-cc das funções de transferências e não-dependência dos coeficientes das funções de transferências de parâmetros parasitas do circuito, a menos da indutância de dispersão do transformador. Ainda neste trabalho, são mostrados resultados experimentais da resposta em freqüência do conversor ZVS-PSM-FB, projetado com especificações de normas para retificadores chaveados de alta-freqüência para equipamentos de telecomunicações.
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Benzid, Khalif. "Etude de l'effet de l'anisotropie magnétique sur la phase dynamique et sur la phase géométrique des bits quantiques de spins électroniques d'ions de métaux de transition Mn2+, Co2+, Fe3+ isolés et des complexes d'ions Fe3+ dans l'oxyde de zinc monocristallin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE009/document.

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Nous avons étudié, par RPE impulsionnelle, la cohérence quantique et des spins électroniques des ions de transition Mn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, et des complexes Fe3+/Cs+ et Fe3+/Na+, tous présents dans le ZnO monocristallin. Nous avons trouvé que l’anisotropie magnétique peut altérer la cohérence de la phase dynamique des qubits des spins électroniques. Nous avons mesuré une faible décohérence pour les spins d’ions Mn2+et Fe3+ dans ZnO, qui ont tous deux une faible anisotropie magnétique uniaxiale, tandis que les ions Co2+ isolés avec une très forte anisotropie magnétique uniaxiale, une décohérence rapide a été mis en évidence. Nous avons trouvé que les spins électroniques des complexes de type Fe3+/Cs+, ayant un tenseur d’anisotropie magnétique plus complexe que la simple anisotropie uniaxiale des ions Fe3+ isolés, possèdent presque le même temps de décohérence. Par la méthode des perturbations, nous avons mis en évidence théoriquement un terme supplémentaire à la phase habituelle de Berry, dû à l’anisotropie magnétique et qui existe dans tout système ayant un spin S>1/2
We studied by pulsed EPR (p-EPR), the quantum coherence of electronic spins qubits of isolated transition metal ions of Mn2+, Co2+, Fe3+ and Fe3+/Cs+ as well as Fe3+/Na+ complexes, all found as traces in mono-crystalline ZnO. Indeed, we experimentally demonstrated that the magnetic anisotropy can alter the coherence of the dynamic phase of electronic spins qubits. We found a small decoherence for Mn2+ and Fe3+, spins having a small uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, and on the contrary, we found a very strong decoherence for Co2+ spins having a very strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. We found that the electronic spins of the Fe3+/Cs+ complex, having a more complex tensor magnetic anisotropy compared to the simplest uniaxial one of isolated Fe3+ spins in ZnO, have almost the same coherence time. By the perturbation method, we have found theoretically an additional term to the usual geometric Berry phase, due to the magnetic anisotropy which exists in any system having a spin S>1/2
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Al-Hasani, Firas Ali Jawad. "Multiple Constant Multiplication Optimization Using Common Subexpression Elimination and Redundant Numbers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9054.

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The multiple constant multiplication (MCM) operation is a fundamental operation in digital signal processing (DSP) and digital image processing (DIP). Examples of the MCM are in finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, matrix multiplication, and transforms. The aim of this work is minimizing the complexity of the MCM operation using common subexpression elimination (CSE) technique and redundant number representations. The CSE technique searches and eliminates common digit patterns (subexpressions) among MCM coefficients. More common subexpressions can be found by representing the MCM coefficients using redundant number representations. A CSE algorithm is proposed that works on a type of redundant numbers called the zero-dominant set (ZDS). The ZDS is an extension over the representations of minimum number of non-zero digits called minimum Hamming weight (MHW). Using the ZDS improves CSE algorithms' performance as compared with using the MHW representations. The disadvantage of using the ZDS is it increases the possibility of overlapping patterns (digit collisions). In this case, one or more digits are shared between a number of patterns. Eliminating a pattern results in losing other patterns because of eliminating the common digits. A pattern preservation algorithm (PPA) is developed to resolve the overlapping patterns in the representations. A tree and graph encoders are proposed to generate a larger space of number representations. The algorithms generate redundant representations of a value for a given digit set, radix, and wordlength. The tree encoder is modified to search for common subexpressions simultaneously with generating of the representation tree. A complexity measure is proposed to compare between the subexpressions at each node. The algorithm terminates generating the rest of the representation tree when it finds subexpressions with maximum sharing. This reduces the search space while minimizes the hardware complexity. A combinatoric model of the MCM problem is proposed in this work. The model is obtained by enumerating all the possible solutions of the MCM that resemble a graph called the demand graph. Arc routing on this graph gives the solutions of the MCM problem. A similar arc routing is found in the capacitated arc routing such as the winter salting problem. Ant colony optimization (ACO) meta-heuristics is proposed to traverse the demand graph. The ACO is simulated on a PC using Python programming language. This is to verify the model correctness and the work of the ACO. A parallel simulation of the ACO is carried out on a multi-core super computer using C++ boost graph library.
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Al-Saihati, Zainab Ahmed. "C(sp³)–H Activation via Dehydrogenation of Cyclic and Heterocyclic Alkanes by Single-Site Iridium Pincer Ligated Complexes." Thesis, 2020. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/13760/22/ZAS-Full_Thesis-FinalVersion.pdf.

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The direct dehydroaromatization of C(sp³)–H alkanes may seem conceptually simple but in fact is a challenging transformation. Industrially practiced methods utilize energy intensive processes operating at high pressures and temperatures due to the requirement of such conditions to overcome the endergonic and unreactive nature of alkanes. Chapter 1 briefly discusses early and recent achievements in the field of alkanes dehydrogenation by Ir pincer ligated complexes. While there has been great advancement in the dehydrogenation transformation recently, the direct dehydroaromatization of heterocyclic substrates generating functionalized aromatics is significantly underdeveloped. In Chapter 2, we successfully extended the applicability of Ir catalyzed dehydrogenation systems using pincer ligated complexes on a diverse collection of heterocyclic alkanes with functionalities known to be strongly coordinating and poorly compatible with (PCP)–Ir type catalysts. Carbo- and heteroarenes containing oxygen and nitrogen can be synthesized in moderate to excellent yields up to 99%, and the reaction tolerates functional groups such as bromides and fluorides. In Chapter 3, we demonstrate the efficient disproportionation of cycloalkenes to the corresponding arenes and cycloalkanes with up to 100% conversion, which has been a long-standing challenge in the field of pincer-ligated Ir-catalyzed dehydrogenation studies. For example, 1-cyclohexene was disproportionated to benzene and cyclohexane and 1-4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene was disproportionated to ethylbenzene and ethylcyclohexane. We also demonstrate that a key mechanistic feature of our system is a lack of catalyst inhibition by arenes. In addition, our method is advantageous to previous reports as no sacrificial olefin is used, thereby circumventing the requirement for exogeneous hydrogen acceptors. Our studies presented in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 provides a novel and a complementary pathway to access important aromatic building blocks and may help create alternative routes to complex molecules via late stage dehydrogenation without the need of stoichiometric oxidants.
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Book chapters on the topic "ZZS complex"

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Hsieh, Fei-Hu, Feng-Shao Liu, and Hui-Chang Hsieh. "Nonlinear Phenomena and Resonant Parametric Perturbation Control in QR-ZCS Buck DC-DC Converters." In Chaos and Complex Systems, 105–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33914-1_13.

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Okamoto, K., T. Yoshimi, and S. Miura. "The TbOF Complex Center and the Brightness of ZnS Thin-Film Green Electroluminescent Devices." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 139–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93430-8_28.

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Sharma, Ranjana, Bhoop Singh, Vijay Kumar, Y. C. Goswami, Rajeev Singh, and D. Kumar. "Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Highly Luminescent ZnS Nanostructures Using Zinc Dithiocarbazic Complex Chemical Route." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 575–80. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2367-2_71.

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Sugaki, Asahiko, Kenichiro Hayashi, and Arashi Kitakaze. "Sulfide Complexes Dissolved in Hydrothermal Solutions—Solubility Studies on Ag2S and ZnS." In Dynamic Processes of Material Transport and Transformation in the Earth’s Interior, 97–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3314-2_7.

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Schibli, Hermann S. "The Battle Against Ophioneus." In Pherekydes Of Syros, 78–103. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198143833.003.0004.

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Abstract In the preceding two chapters of our study we have seen how each of the three pre-existing deities, Chronos, Zas, and Chthonie, contributes to the creation of the universe and its gods. From the primary elements of the seed produced by Time, gods are born who invest their birthplaces, the 1wxo{, with reality as cosmic regions. This event we have termed the first creation, the coming-into-being of the larger cosmos and its divine inhabitants (the 1revTeµ,vxos generation). Zas next arranges to complete the creative process begun by Chronos. As a cosmic craftsman he fashions a robe embroidered with earth and the surrounding ocean and bestows it as a wedding gift upon Chthonie. To effect his union with Chthonie he becomes identified with cosmogonic Eros. The earth-principle, Chthonie, is now transformed into the actual Earth, Ge; the image of the robe upon the winged oak allows the fecund Earth to be pictured as part of a great, life-bearing tree, supporting itself in the larger, surrounding cosmos. The wedding of Zas and Chthonie-Ge not only entails the physical creation of the world but, as a lepos yaµ,os and the first marriage ever, it also becomes a prototype for the rightful customs and institutions of gods and men.
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Manning, Brandon. "“I Felt Like I Was Part of the Troop”: Satire, Feminist Narratology, and Community." In Post-Soul Satire. University Press of Mississippi, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781617039973.003.0009.

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This chapter argues for the need of developing a “black feminist narratology” in order to understand the complex role of the racialized narrator in Post-Soul fiction. Building off of the work of feminist narratology, this chapter applies the black feminist narratology – with its dual focus on race and gender – to ZZ Packer’s recent story “Brownies.” Packer’s satire works to emphasize the need for marginalized peoples to foster positive approaches to community identification, while also suggesting the need to develop such communal identification between reader and writer.
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Peterson, Kristin M., and Nabil Echchaibi. "Mipsterz." In Religion and Popular Culture in America, Third Edition. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291447.003.0008.

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In a two-and-a-half-minute-long video released on YouTube in November 2013, a series of short clips featured a group of self-confident young Muslim women hanging out in various urban landscapes in the United States, as Jay-Z's song “Somewhere in America” played in the background. The viral video, entitled “Somewhere in America #MIPSTERZ,” quickly became controversial, amid heated accusations that a “misguided” group of hipster Muslim women had gone “too far” in reappropriating modesty and staking out an edgy religious and gendered identity. This chapter focuses on how the women behind the Mipsterz video engaged with visuals, urban styles, fashion, fun, and other forms of popular culture to liberate themselves from a relentless framing that portrays them as either covered and oppressed by Islam or uncovered and sexually liberated by Western secular culture. It argues that popular culture and religion intersect in productive ways, breaking free of the discourse of victimization and exoticism and helping us understand the complex, multiple frames of reference that define American Muslims' everyday lives.
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Dove, Martin T. "Atomic bonding in crystals." In Structure and Dynamics: An Atomic View of Materials, 91–116. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198506775.003.0005.

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Abstract The diversity of crystal structures is due to the factors associated with bonding. We have met four different types of crystal structures for materials containing equal numbers of two types of atoms (NaCl, CsCl, cubic and hexagonal ZnS). There is a plethora of structures for materials of the general form AB2. We have met the cubic structure of CaF2, and we have noted that SiO2 can be found in many different structures. The high-pressure phase of SiO2 has the rutile structure of TiO2, and this compound exists in other different crystal structures. Part of the rationalization for the different structure types comes from the relative sizes of the atoms. However, this only tells part of the story. It is known that under different conditions of temperature or pressure the same substance can exist in different structures, in which case relative sizes of atoms are not the overriding factor. Bonding is more complex an issue than the simple packing of spheres into the most efficient arrangements, although some aspects of atomic bonding may reduce to this. In this chapter we explore some of the issues associated with how different aspects of binding lead to the stabilities of crystal structures. We have to start from the study of equilibrium thermodynamics, since this provides a ‘broad brush’ understanding of crystal stability. The details of bonding, which we will then go on to discuss, link the macroscopic general principles to the specific interatomic interactions.
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Entwistle, Ian D. "”Carpet of Chaos“: Mapping the Bilateral Symmetric zz + c in the Complex z and c Planes." In The Pattern Book: Fractals, Art, and Nature, 147–50. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812832061_0061.

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Schweitzer, George K., and Lester L. Pesterfield. "The Zn Group." In The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393354.003.0019.

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The elements of this group (zinc Zn, cadmium Cd, mercury Hg) all exhibit a II oxidation state in aqueous systems, and Hg also shows a I oxidation state as indicated by the unusual cation Hg2+2. None of the elements shows oxidation states greater than II, which indicates that the d electrons are not involved. Within the group Zn and Cd resemble each other more closely than Cd and Hg. This is especially evident in the nobility of Hg (E˚ positive for Zn and Cd, negative for Hg), the lack of an Hg hydroxide, the thermal instability of HgO, and the greater stabilities of many Hg complexes as compared to those of Zn and Cd. a. E–pH diagram. Figure 17.1 shows the E–pH diagram for Zn at a 10−1.0 M concentration for soluble species except H+ (and OH−). No complexing agent other than HOH and OH− is assumed to be present. The Zn+2 ion is more properly expressed as Zn(HOH)6+2, and the hydroxo complexes probably have enough HOH attached to realize a coordination number of 6. In aqueous solution, Zn acts only in the oxidation states of 0 and II. The legend of the figure shows equations for the lines separating the species. b. Discovery, occurrence, and extraction. Brass, an alloy of Cu and Zn, dates back to pre-historic times. Indications are that it was produced by heating calamine (ZnCO3) with Cu and C. Pure Zn was being produced in India and China during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and by about 1600, was being imported by Europe. Even before this, some reports indicate that zinc was recognized in Europe, but it was generally believed that it was a mixture of metals. In 1746, Andreas Marggraf published a book describing the production of Zn from its mineral calamine ZnCO3 (now also known as smithsonite), and soon it was recognized by Lavoisier as an element. The name zinc derives from the German zink, which means sharp point, a name designating its appearance when it deposits in a smelter. The major ores of Zn are zinc blende ZnS (also known as sphalerite) and calamine ZnCO3.
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Conference papers on the topic "ZZS complex"

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Zhang, Yunong, Dongsheng Guo, and Fen Li. "Different complex ZFs leading to different complex ZNN models for time-varying complex matrix inversion." In 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2013.6564858.

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Chen, Yenan, and Dehong Xu. "Control of ZVS single-phase grid inverter with higher power quality." In 2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2017.8013390.

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Han, Weijian, and Luca Corradini. "Accurate ZVS boundary analysis for bidirectional dual-bridge series resonant dc-dc converters." In 2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2017.8013308.

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Cervera, Alon, and Mor Mordechai Peretz. "Digital self-tuning controller for ZCS resonant converters operating in the 10MHz-range." In 2017 IEEE 18th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2017.8013374.

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Elferich, Reinhold. "ZVS modelling of the LLC converter operating as unity power factor front end." In 2018 IEEE 19th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2018.8459945.

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Blackwell, Margaret E., Andrew Stillwell, and Robert C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski. "Dynamic Level Selection for Full Range ZVS in Flying Capacitor Multi-Level Converters." In 2018 IEEE 19th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2018.8460086.

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Chen, Xin-huai, Yu-fei Zhou, Jun-ning Chen, and Li-li Wang. "Study on Complex Behavior in Phase-Shifting Full-Bridge ZVS Converter." In APCCAS 2006 - 2006 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2006.342277.

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Masihuzzaman, Md, and N. Lakshminarasamma. "An improved ZVS-PWM, active clamp/reset forward converter: Analysis, design and dynamic model." In 2010 IEEE 12th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2010.5562442.

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Sabi, Kamal, and Daniel Costinett. "Delay Mitigation in High Frequency Dual Current Programmed Mode Control GaN-Based ZVS Inverter." In 2019 20th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2019.8769704.

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Han, Weijian, and Luca Corradini. "Control Technique for Wide-Range ZVS of Bidirectional Dual-bridge Series Resonant dc-dc Converters." In 2018 IEEE 19th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel.2018.8460141.

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Reports on the topic "ZZS complex"

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Hulata, Gideon, Thomas D. Kocher, and Micha Ron. Elucidating the molecular pathway of sex determination in cultured Tilapias and use of genetic markers for creating monosex populations. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695855.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to: 1) Identify genetic markers linked to sex-determining genes in various experimental and commercial stocks of O. niloticusand O. aureus, as well as red tilapias; 2) Develop additional markers tightly linked to these sex determiners, and develop practical, non-destructive genetic tests for identifying genotypic sex in young tilapia; A third aim, to map sex modifier loci, was removed during budget negotiations at the start of the project. Background to the topic. A major obstacle to profitable farming of tilapia is the tendency of females to reproduce at a small size during the production cycle, diverting feed and other resources to a large population of small, unmarketable fish. Several approaches for producing all-male fingerlings have been tried, including interspecific hybridization, hormonal masculinization, and the use of YY-supermale broodstock. Each method has disadvantages that could be overcome with a better understanding of the genetic basis of sex determination in tilapia. The lack of sex-linked markers has been a major impediment in research and development of efficient monosex populations for tilapia culture. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We identified DNA markers linked to sex determining genes in six closely related species of tilapiine fishes. The mode of sex determination differed among species. In Oreochromis karongaeand Tilapia mariaethe sex-determining locus is on linkage group (LG) 3 and the female is heterogametic (WZ-ZZ system). In O. niloticusand T. zilliithe sex-determining locus is on LG1 and the male is heterogametic (XX-XY system). We have nearly identified the series of BAC clones that completely span the region. A more complex pattern was observed in O. aureus and O. mossambicus, in which markers on both LG1 and LG3 were associated with sex. We found evidence for sex-linked lethal effects on LG1, as well as interactions between loci in the two linkage groups. Comparison of genetic and physical maps demonstrated a broad region of recombination suppression harboring the sex-determining locus on LG3. We also mapped 29 genes that are considered putative regulators of sex determination. Amhand Dmrta2 mapped to separate QTL for sex determination on LG23. The other 27 genes mapped to various linkage groups, but none of them mapped to QTL for sex determination, so they were excluded as candidates for sex determination in these tilapia species. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that at least two transitions in the mode of sex determination have occurred in the evolution of tilapia species. This variation makes tilapias an excellent model system for studying the evolution of sex chromosomes in vertebrates. The genetic markers we have identified on LG1 in O. niloticusaccurately diagnose the phenotypic sex and are being used to develop monosex populations of tilapia, and eliminate the tedious steps of progeny testing to verify the genetic sex of broodstock animals.
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