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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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1

Desmurs, Lucie, Claudia Cammarano, Olinda Gimello, Anne Galarneau, and Vasile Hulea. "Influence of the Mesoporosity of Hierarchical ZSM-5 in Toluene Alkylation by Methanol." Materials 16, no. 21 (October 26, 2023): 6872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16216872.

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Among the different strategies to design highly shape-selective ZSM-5 to obtain para-xylene through toluene alkylation with methanol, the introduction of mesopores to increase reactant and product diffusion has been proposed but barely studied. In this study, we prepared mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts, named ZSM5-MT(x), from commercial ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 15), using a two-step micelle-templating procedure with octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant in basic medium (x = NaOH/Si). These materials were used as catalysts for the alkylation of toluene by methanol at a low contact time to avoid thermodynamic equilibrium of the xylene isomers. Compared to the parent ZSM-5, the mesoporous ZSM5-MT(x) catalysts did not improve the para-xylene selectivity, revealing that the strategy of increasing diffusion in the catalyst is not a good strategy to follow. However, ZSM5-MT(0.5) showed less deactivation on stream than the parent ZSM-5. Therefore, introducing mesopores to ZSM-5 could be interesting to explore, combined with another strategy of shape selectivity, such as the passivation of the external surface acidity.
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2

Nurdin, Ali, Hens Saputra, Arfiana Arfiana, Retno Yunilawati, and Era Restu Finalis. "PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS ZEOLIT ZSM-5 UNTUK KONVERSI BIOETANOL MENJADI BIOETILENA." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 12, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v12i2.2741.

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Etilen sebagai produk petrokimia yang penting dapat dibuat dari bioetanol menggunakan katalis ZSM5. Zeolit sintetis ZSM5 dapat dibuat menggunakan zeolit alam yang banyak tersedia di Indonesia. Proses pembuatan ZSM5 menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada temperatur 180°C selama 24 jam. Sebagai agen pengarah terbentuknya struktur ZSM-5 tersebut digunakan template TPABr (Tetra Prophyl Ammonium Bromide). Kalsinasi produk ZSM5 dilakukan pada temperatur 600°C selama 1 jam. Karakterisasi ZSM-5 yang dilakukan antara lain analisis struktur dan kristalinitas, observasi morfologi permukaan menggunakan metode Difraksi Sinar X, Scanning Electron Microscopy, dan physisorption untuk mempelajari sifat pori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dihasilkannya ZSM-5 dengan kristalinitas sekitar 110 %. Kristal ZSM-5 yang dihasilkan berbentuk kubus dengan luas permukaan spesifik BET 300 m2/g, volume pori sekitar 0,13 Cm3/g. Distribusi ukuran pori yang sempit mengindikasikan ukuran pori yang seragam dengan ukuran rata-rata 0.55 nm.
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3

L, Liu. "The Application of Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite in the ULSD Catalysts." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000236.

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The mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite containing MoCoP/Al2O3 catalyst (C12-ZSM5) with the mixture of Al2O3 and mesoporous ZSM- 5 zeolite as carrier was synthesized. The catalytic performance of C12-ZSM5 catalyst was evaluated by the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of different diesel feedstock. The carriers and catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine-FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and CO in-situ FTIR (CO-FTIR) techniques. Results showed that mesoporous ZSM-5 can improve the acidity of the catalyst and increase the number of MoCoS active phases. The C12-ZSM5 catalyst had low HDS and HDN activity, because the acidic sites of mesoporous ZSM-5 were easily occupied by nitrogen compounds. The HDS activity of C12-ZSM5 catalyst was fully exploited by using graded packing technology, the sulfur content of product oil was 5.9 ng/μL. The relative HDS activity of C12-ZSM5 catalyst is 1.47 times that of FHUDS-8 catalyst.
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4

Mohd Yusof, Alias, Nur Nadira Sulaiman, and Hadi Nur. "Synthesis and Characterizations of Metal Oxide-Sulfonic Acid Functionalized ZSM-5 for Photocatalytic Degradation and Adsorption of Dimethylarsenic Acid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.994.

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TiO2 and ZnO were incorporated into ZSM-5 using titanium tetrachloride and zinc nitrate as the precursors respectively. The functional group of ZSM-5 was further modified using mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS). This method was used to produce a two-in-one composite namely TiO2-ZSM5-SH and ZnO-ZSM5-SH which holds the abilities to degrade organic pollutants as well as to remove them from the environment. Determination of the composition and morphology of all synthesized catalyst complexes were characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Results obtained indicated that the average diameters for TiO2-ZSM5-SH particles are 2.398 μm, slightly larger than the diameter of ZnO-ZSM5-SH particles with an average of 1.8067 μm. Both TiO2-ZSM5-SH and ZnO-ZSM5-SH appeared as sphere-like shape and amorphous since both metal oxides were incorporated into the ZSM-5 pores. The compositions of these complexes were proven by the presence of a strong silica absorption band showing the existence of Si-O stretching vibrations and SiO2 asymmetric vibrations in the synthesized complexes. For TiO2-ZSM5-SH, the Ti-O stretching vibration can be seen at 3467.29 cm-1 and at 1637.86 cm-1 while Zn-O absorption band appeared at 455.52 cm-1 in ZnO-ZSM5-SH. The symmetric and asymmetric vibrations of –CH2 and –CH3 indicate the existence of alkyl groups in the ZSM-5. The ability of catalyst complexes synthesized as photocatalyst were applied and tested on the photodegradation of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) under ultra violet (UV) radiation which showed that these catalyst complexes are proven be able to degrade DMA into less toxic intermediates and are able to adsorb the remaining arsenic species from the aqueous solutions.
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5

Park, Seung-Kyu, Hosun Choo, and Larry Kevan. "Nitromethane decomposition over Cu-ZSM-5 and Co-ZSM-5." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 3, no. 15 (2001): 3247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b008117p.

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6

Al-Thawabeia, Ruba A., and Hamdallah A. Hodali. "Use of Zeolite ZSM-5 for Loading and Release of 5-Fluorouracil." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/403597.

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Samples of zeolite ZSM-5 have been synthesized in both the sodium form (ZSM-5) and the acid activated form (H-ZSM-5). In addition, each of these two forms was prepared in the two molar SiO2/Al2O3ratios of 169 and 15. All samples of these ZSM-5 derivatives were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were successfully loaded with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with loading capacities varying from 22% (for the sodium form having the lower molar SiO2/Al2O3ratio of 15, ZSM-5-(15)) to 43% (for the corresponding acid form, H-ZSM-5-(15)). Percent release of the drug-loaded ZSM-5 samples into simulated body fluid (SBF) was measured at pH 7.4 and 37°C. The results showed a slight variation in the % release within the range 84–93%, while the first-order rate constant (k) varied from 2.2 h−1for ZSM-5-(15) to 3.9 h−1for H-ZSM-5-(15). It was interesting to note that at the higher molar SiO2/Al2O3ratios of 169, both the sodium form, ZSM-5-(169), and the acid form, H-ZSM-5-(169), exhibit an intermediate efficiency in either % loading (38%) or first-order kinetic release constant (k= 2.9 h−1).
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7

Ghrib, Yosra, Najoua Frini-Srasra, Ezzeddine Srasra, Joaquín Martínez-Triguero, and Avelino Corma. "Synthesis of cocrystallized USY/ZSM-5 zeolites from kaolin and its use as fluid catalytic cracking catalysts." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (2018): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01477e.

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8

Pohan, Maya Sari Ananda. "Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi ZSM-5." Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/jiptek.v3i1.24713.

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Material zeolit merupakan material yang sangat banyak digunakan dalam berbagai industri. Penggunaan material zeolit tersebut dikarenakan keunikan dari sifat zeolit tersebut. ZSM-5 merupakan salah satu material zeolit yang sering digunakan. ZSM-5 disintesis dengan metode hidrotermal dan mengunakan bahan-bahan analytical grade. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan ZSM-5 mengacu pada beberapa jurnal penelitian dan dirangkum pada artikel ini. Berdasarkan hasil berbagai analisis diperoleh ZSM-5 hasil sintesis yang memiliki karakter khas dari ZSM-5. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan untuk memastikan apakah yang terbentuk adalah ZSM-5 atau tidak melalui analisis XRD, analisis luas permukaan dan distribusi pori dan SEM-EDS. Hasil XRD menunjukkan puncak-puncak khas pada 2 theta, luas permukaan yang besar (334,02 m2/g), distribusi pori (1,54 nm), hasil mikrograf SEM menunjukkan morfologi berbentuk heksagonal dengan permukaan yang halus dan rasio molar Si/Al sebesar 35,18 yang diperoleh dari analisis EDS. Hasil dari analisis tersebut dibandingkan dengan ZSM-5 komersial atau yang sudah standar agar lebih dapat memastikan bahwa zeolit yang terbentuk adalah ZSM-5.
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9

Dyer, Andrew C., Mohamad A. Nahil, and Paul T. Williams. "Biomass:polystyrene co-pyrolysis coupled with metal-modified zeolite catalysis for liquid fuel and chemical production." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 24, no. 2 (January 4, 2022): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01334-0.

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AbstractBiomass and waste polystyrene plastic (ratio 1:1) were co-pyrolysed followed by catalysis in a two-stage fixed bed reactor system to produce upgraded bio-oils for production of liquid fuel and aromatic chemicals. The catalysts investigated were ZSM-5 impregnated with different metals, Ga, Co, Cu, Fe and Ni to determine their influence on bio-oil upgrading. The results showed that the different added metals had a different impact on the yield and composition of the product oils and gases. Deoxygenation of the bio-oils was mainly via formation of CO2 and CO via decarboxylation and decarbonylation with the Ni–ZSM-5 and Co–ZSM-5 catalysts whereas higher water yield and lower CO2 and CO was obtained with the ZSM-5, Ga–ZSM-5, Cu–ZSM-5 and Fe–ZSM-5 catalysts suggesting hydrodeoxygenation was dominant. Compared to the unmodified ZSM-5, the yield of single-ring aromatic compounds in the product oil was increased for the Co–ZSM-5, Cu–ZSM-5, Fe–ZSM-5 and Ni–ZSM-5 catalysts. However, for the Ga–ZSM-5 catalyst, single-ring aromatic compounds were reduced, but the highest yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was produced. A higher biomass to polystyrene ratio (4:1) resulted in a markedly lower oil yield with a consequent increased yield of gas.
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10

Bai-Jun, LIU, ZENG Xian-Jun, WANG Hui, HUANG Yong, and WANG Mei. "Crystal Transformation among ZSM-5, ZSM-57 andMordenite." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 23, no. 04 (2007): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20070410.

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11

Wenyang, Xu, Li Jianquan, Li Wenyuan, Zhang Huiming, and Liang Bingchang. "Nonaqueous synthesis of ZSM-35 and ZSM-5." Zeolites 9, no. 6 (November 1989): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(89)90040-7.

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12

Hartati, Hartati, Alfa Akustia Widati, Aning Purwaningsih, Alfinda Novi Kristanti, and Anik Fathur Rohmah. "SUHU DAN WAKTU HIDROTERMAL DALAM SINTESIS ZSM-5 DARI METAKAOLIN." Jurnal Kimia Riset 3, no. 1 (July 11, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v3i1.7800.

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AbstrakSintesis ZSM-5 dilakukan dari metakaolin terdealuminasi tanpa penambahan templat organik. Sintesis dilakukan melalui pengaturan suhu hidrotermal mulai suhu 120oC, 150o, dan 170oC. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraktometer sinar-X , spektrometer FTIR, dan adsorpsi/desorpsi nitrogen. Pengaturan suhu hidrotermal pada 120oC selama 24 jam belum menghasilkan ZSM-5, sedangkan sintesis pada suhu 150oC selama 24 jam diperoleh hasil ZSM-5 dengan kristal yang cukup baik. Hidrotermal pada 170o tetap dapat membentuk ZSM-5 dengan pengotor mordenit dan kurang kristalin dibandingkan sintesis pada 150oC. Kata kunci: AbstrakSintesis ZSM-5 dilakukan dari metakaolin terdealuminasi tanpa penambahan templat organik. Sintesis dilakukan melalui pengaturan suhu hidrotermal mulai suhu 120oC, 150o, dan 170oC. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraktometer sinar-X , spektrometer FTIR, dan adsorpsi/desorpsi nitrogen. Pengaturan suhu hidrotermal pada 120oC selama 24 jam belum menghasilkan ZSM-5, sedangkan sintesis pada suhu 150oC selama 24 jam diperoleh hasil ZSM-5 dengan kristal yang cukup baik. Hidrotermal pada 170o tetap dapat membentuk ZSM-5 dengan pengotor mordenit dan kurang kristalin dibandingkan sintesis pada 150oC. Kata kunci: ZSM-5, metakaolin, terdealuminasi, tanpa templat, pengaturan suhu dan waktu Abstract Synthesis of ZSM-5 is carried out from dealuminated metakaolin without the addition of organic template. The synthesis is done by setting the hydrothermal temperature from 120oC, 150oC, and 170oC. The results were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, and nitrogen adsorption / desorption. Hydrothermal temperature setting at 120oC for 24 hours has not produced ZSM-5, while the synthesis at 150oC for 24 hours was obtained ZSM-5 with good crystals. Hydrothermal at 170 °C can still form ZSM-5 with mordenite impurities and less crystalline than synthesis at 150 °C. Keywords: ZSM-5, dealuminated metakaolin, without organic templates, temperature and time settings Abstract Synthesis of ZSM-5 is carried out from dealuminated metakaolin without the addition of organic template. The synthesis is done by setting the hydrothermal temperature from 120oC, 150oC, and 170oC. The results were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, and nitrogen adsorption / desorption. Hydrothermal temperature setting at 120oC for 24 hours has not produced ZSM-5, while the synthesis at 150oC for 24 hours was obtained ZSM-5 with good crystals. Hydrothermal at 170 °C can still form ZSM-5 with mordenite impurities and less crystalline than synthesis at 150 °C. Keywords: ZSM-5, dealuminated metakaolin, without organic templates, temperature and time settings
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13

Widayat, Widayat, Arianti Nuur Annisa, Hantoro Satriadi, and Syaiful Syaiful. "Synthesis and Characterization of Co/Ni/CoNi-ZSM-5 Catalyst for Hydrogen Production." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815606013.

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Nickel is commonly used as a catalyst in hydrogen production. However, the use of nickel catalysts in the steam reforming process has the disadvantage of coke formation and high cost. Therefore, in this research, Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst synthesis was used to reduce production cost and an addition of cobalt (Co) metal to avoid coke formation. The method consists of a synthesis of ZSM-5 catalyst using hydrothermal process. Furthermore, the crystalline product was impregnated with the metal cobalt, nickel and combination of cobalt-nickel as much as 2% by weight metal/weight of the catalyst. Then the XRD and EDX characterization of Co/ZSM-5, Ni/ZSM-5, and CoNi/ZSM-5 was done followed by catalytic testing in the production of hydrogen from glycerol using steam reforming process. From XRD characterization results showed that Co/ZSM-5 catalyst has a crystallinity of 78.69%, Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst has 70.04% crystallinity and CoNi/ZSM-5 catalyst has 76.99% crystallinity. Catalytic testing on hydrogen production showed that CoNi/ZSM-5 catalyst produced the highest hydrogen concentration of 1,756.33 ppm while Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst produces 1,240 ppm and Co/ZSM-5 catalyst produces 491 ppm.
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14

Li, Zhenguo, Xiaoyin Chen, Junhua Li, Xiaoning Ren, Shuangxi Liu, Jidong Gao, Johannes W. Schwank, Tao Zhang, Wenkang Su, and Huazheng Chang. "Synthesis and evaluation of mesopore structured ZSM-5 and a CuZSM-5 catalyst for NH3-SCR reaction: studies of simulated exhaust and engine bench testing." RSC Advances 6, no. 104 (2016): 102570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20237c.

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A modified ZSM-5 zeolite (denoted as ZSM-5-M) was synthesized using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as dual templates, using commercial ZSM-5 zeolite (denoted as ZSM-5-C).
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15

Aniskova, T. V., K. A. Osipova, D. S. Senatov, and V. A. Ohrimenko. "The Transformation of n-nonane in Conditions of Catalytic Cracking on ZSM-5 and V2O5/ZSM-5 Catalysts." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 18, no. 3 (2018): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2018-18-3-252-255.

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16

Ullah, Riaz, Mansour S. Alsaid, Abdelaaty A. Shahat, Almoqbil Abdulaziz Naser, Abdullah A. Al-Mishari, Muhammad Adnan, and Akash Tariq. "Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Zilla spinosa and Hammada elegans Against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Hepatotoxicity in Rats." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0021.

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AbstractThe detoxification, metabolism, and excretion of various endogenous and exogenous materials occur mainly in the liver. Liver diseases are a global concern, and classified as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatosis. The development of safe hepatoprotective agents remains an unmet need. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant effects of methanolic and n-hexane fractions of Zilla spinosa (ZSM and ZSH, respectively) and Hammada elegans (HEM and HEH, respectively) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in rats. Antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6)–group, 1 (control), group 2 (CCl4 only), group 3 (CCl4+silymarin 10 mg/kg), group 4 (CCl4+HEM 250 mg/kg), group 5 (CC14+HEM 500 mg/kg), group 6 (CCl4+HEH 250 mg/kg), group, 7 (CCl4+HEH 500 mg/kg), group, 8 (CCl4+ZSM 250 mg/kg), group 9 (CCl4+ZSM 500 mg/kg), group 10 (CCl4+ZSH 250 mg/kg), and group 11 (CCl4+ZSH 500 mg/kg). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin were measured. The extent of hepatic injury was histopathologically assessed. Treatment with ZSM and ZSH at 250 and 500 mg/kg did not significantly affect biochemical results compared with the CCl4 only group. However, treatment with both HEM and HEH at 250 and 500 mg/kg provided significant (p<0.001) results compared with the CCl4 only group. These results were consistent with histological findings. HEM and HEH at 250 μg/mL significantly inhibited DPPH radical formation by 38.E6 and 35.65%, rerpectively. However antioxidant effects of ZSM and ZSH were insignificant.
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17

Gu, Jin, Xinran Zhang, Yunxiang Bai, Le Yang, Chunfang Zhang, and Yuping Sun. "ZSM-5 Filled Polyether Block Amide Membranes for Separating EA from Aqueous Solution by Pervaporation." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/760156.

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ZSM-5 filled polyether block amide membranes (PEBA), PEBA/ZSM-5, were prepared and used to recover aroma, ethyl acetate (EA), from aqueous solution by pervaporation (PV). The membranes demonstrated high EA permselectivity, and with the increase of ZSM-5 loading, the separation factor increased initially and then decreased, while the total flux demonstrated the similar variation until the ZSM-5 loading was 10 wt%, at which it reached the lowest value. After that, it began to increase again. On the other hand, the separation factor, and total flux of the PEBA/ZSM-5 membrane containing 10 wt% ZSM-5, PEBA/ZSM-5-10, increased with the increase of feed concentration and temperature. The best PV performance, separation factor and total flux of PEBA/ZSM-5-10 membrane were 185.5 and 199.5 gm−2h−1, respectively, with feed concentration of 5 wt% EA at 50°C.
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18

Weidenthaler, Claudia, Reinhard X. Fischer, and Robert D. Shannon. "Pitfalls in the powder diffraction analysis of zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-8." Powder Diffraction 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600019242.

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Crystal structure analyses by the Rietveld method have shown that the framework structures of zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-8 are essentially identical. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the two phases especially when the template-free H forms are studied. In addition, some inconsistencies in publications on the two zeolites aggravate the correct interpretation of the powder diagrams. A powder pattern published for ZSM-8 which indicates significant differences between the lattice constants of ZSM-8 and ZSM-5 is shown to be incorrectly indexed. Correct reindexing gives lattice constants for ZSM-8 matching average ZSM-5 values. Peak splitting of a ZSM-8 reflection at 2θ≈23° (CuKα) has been used frequently to distinguish ZSM-8 from ZSM-5. However, it is also a common feature of ZSM-5 diagrams when the difference between a and b lattice constants is big enough to separate hkl and khl reflections within the instrumental resolution. Our data on two ZSM-8 samples indicate that cell dimensions of ZSM-8 do not deviate from average ZSM-5 values. It is suspected that effects in the decomposition of crystals upon calcination, and/or morphology and shape of twin individuals, and/or stacking faults account for different sorption properties of the two zeolites rather than differences in their average crystal structures.
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19

LU, YI, NAI-QIAN ZHANG, QIN TONG, JIN-KU LIU, and DAN-JING HONG. "NANOSEEDING EFFECT IN ZSM-5 CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS." Nano 08, no. 03 (May 30, 2013): 1350027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292013500276.

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ZSM-5 zeolites were hydrothermally synthesized in three different seeding pathways under the direction of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) template. In order to investigate the seeding effect in ZSM-5 crystallization process, ZSM-5 crystals and pre-fabricated MFI-type nanoseeds were added into the original self-induction system, respectively. The final ZSM-5 zeolites were systematically investigated based on XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron micrograph), TEM (transmission electron micrograph), nitrogen adsorption characterizations and NH3 -TPD (ammonia-temperature programmed desorption). The self-induction system produced ca. 20 μm ZSM-5 zeolite displaying hexagonally uniform prisms. After the addition of ZSM-5 crystal seeds, the crystal sizes were decreased greatly to ca. 5 μm. When MFI-type nanoseeds were adopted, irregular aggregate particles consisting of 20–50 nm primary particles were rapidly synthesized. The varied hydrothermal crystallization kinetics of the three synthesis system was also explored. Adjusting the seed agents alone, ZSM-5 crystals with diverse structural, morphological, textural and hydrothermal behaviors could be fabricated conveniently. The three ZSM-5 zeolites loaded by 0.05 wt.% Pt were assessed for the xylene isomerization reaction to investigate the particle size effect on the catalytic properties.
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20

Fraenkel, Dan. "The ZSM-5 story." Applied Catalysis 67, no. 1 (January 1990): N5—N6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)84461-9.

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21

Klocke, D. J. "Small crystal ZSM-5." Zeolites 15, no. 1 (January 1995): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(95)90242-2.

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22

Grzechowiak, Jolanta R., Aleksandra Masalska, Tadeusz Romotowski, and Jolanta Komorek. "The Role of Ion Exchange Method of Na-ZSM-5 Zeolite and Influence Hydrogenation Components on Properties and Activity of Dewaxing Catalysts." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 5 (1992): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19920969.

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Hydrocracking of n-hexane and diesel oil fraction over presulfided NiMo, Mo and Ni catalysts has been carried out using a high pressure flow reactor system. The ion-exchanged form of ZSM-5 extrudates (50% alumina binder) was loaded with 2-20 wt.% of metals. The results indicate that, using Ni/H-ZSM-5 zeolite obtained by incorporation of nickel by ion exchange treatment of NH4-ZSM-5 from nickel nitrate solution, it is possible to obtain sufficiently active catalysts for low-temperature hydrocracking process. The catalysts containing Ni-ZSM-5 zeolites (Ni/H-ZSM-5 or Ni/Na-ZSM-5) were superior to catalyst prepared by using P/H-ZSM-5. It was found that nickel was an essential hydrogenation components of low temperature hydrocracking catalysts.
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23

Feyen, F. C., and P. K. Burkert. "Nitrogen-15 and Boron-11 NMR Spectroscopy of the System Acetonitrile / H-ZSM-5." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-1124.

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The interaction of adsorbed acetonitrile with microporous [Si,Al]-ZSM-5 and [Si,B]-ZSM-5 was investigated by solid state NMR.15N-CP MAS NMR of the system H-[Si,Al]-ZSM-5 / acetonitrile clearly shows the Bronsted and Lewis acid site interactions. Different coordination types of the complex ZSM-5/MeCN are considered. The accessibility of the acid sites of [Si,B]-ZSM-5, a material structurally analogous to zeolite ZSM-5, was studied by 11B-MAS NMR. The complexation of acetonitrile at the BO3 sites gives a narrow line at -4 ppm. In contrast to hydration phenomena of ZSM-5, the experiments show that acetonitrile is not capable of interacting with all of the BO3 sites of the borosilicate, presumably due to steric effects.
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Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, and Davin Kin Yew Yap. "Catalytic Flash Gasification of EFB for Hydrogen Production Using Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts." Key Engineering Materials 707 (September 2016): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.707.166.

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Empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste is produced in large amount in Malaysia from intense oil palm agriculture activity. Direct usage of EFB as a source of energy is not economically feasible and ideally should be upgraded before it can produce green energy economically. Current gasification processes produces a lot of tar while yielding low amount of hydrogen. Flash gasification of EFB with the presence of catalysts shows improvements over the uncatalysed reaction. In this study, by using a high surface area support catalyst of ZSM-5 with the presence of 1% Ni, Zn, or Fe metal loading is sufficient to enhance the hydrogen production. ZSM-5, NiO/ZSM-5, CuO/ZSM-5, Fe2O3/ZSM-5 and ZnO/ZSM-5 catalyst with 1 wt % loading were prepared via the wet impregnation method. XRD patterns of the prepared catalysts shows almost identical peaks patterns which indicates high dispersion of dopants on the support catalyst Flash gasification was carried out at 900°C under isothermal heating conditions with 10 sccm 4.99% O2 diluted in He. Syngas produced was then analysed using an online quadrupole mass spectrometer. Catalytic activity for hydrogen production is the highest for NiO/ZSM-5 followed by ZnO/ZSM-5, Fe2O3/ZSM-5, ZSM-5.
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Vu, Xuan Hoan, and Udo Armbruster. "Designing Hierarchical ZSM-5 Materials for Improved Production of LPG Olefins in the Catalytic Cracking of Triglycerides." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3198421.

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LPG olefins (propene and butenes) are key building blocks in the petrochemical industry whose demand has been expanding steadily in recent years. The use of FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) units for conversion of triglycerides is a promising option for the future to boost production of LPG olefins. However, a need for innovative cracking catalysts is rising due to the different nature between petroleum and biomass-derived feedstocks. In this study, series of hierarchical ZSM-5 materials, namely, mesoporous ZSM-5, nanosized ZSM-5, and composite ZSM-5 were prepared, aiming to enhance the production of LPG olefins along with transportation fuels. Mesoporous ZSM-5 materials were synthesized by the postsynthetic modifications involving base treatment and subsequent acid washing, whereas nanosized ZSM-5 and composite ZSM-5 were synthesized by the direct-synthetic routes for a comparative purpose. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 sorption, TEM, AAS, ICP-AES, and NH3-TPD, and their catalytic performance was assessed in the cracking of triolein as a representative of triglycerides under FCC conditions. It was found that the subsequent strong acid washing step of alkaline treated ZSM-5 for removal of aluminum debris and external acid sites is needed to improve the catalytic performance. The resulting mesoporous ZSM-5 material shows higher yields of the desired products, i.e., gasoline and LPG olefins than its parent, commercial ZSM-5 at the almost complete conversion (ca. 90 wt.%). The selectivity toward LPG olefins is also enhanced over all the hierarchical ZSM-5 materials, particularly high for composite ZSM-5 (ca. 94 wt.%). The improved diffusion and lowered acidity of the hierarchical ZSM-5 materials might be responsible for their superior catalytic performance.
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Cheng, Yue, and Lin He. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nd-Doped ZSM-5 Zeolite from Diatom Mud." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.422.

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ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized using diatom mud as the raw material, and then doped with different amounts of Nd2O3. Nd/ ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized at °C for 24 h after stirring at high speed and aging in the synthesis mixture with the molar composition of 1.5 Nd2O3:25Na2O:150SiO2:1Al2O3:10TPABr:2500H2O.XRD confirmed Nd/ZSM-5 crystal phase. TEM showed that Nd/ZSM-5 zeolite crystal sizes are about 2-4μm. EDS shows Nd/ ZSM-5 zeolites chemical element compound. FT-IR analysis further showed that they are pentacyclic with typical absorption summit of ZSM-5 at about 547 cm-1.
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Milikić, Jadranka, Srna Stojanović, Katarina Rondović, Ljiljana Damjanović-Vasilić, Vladislav Rac, and Biljana Šljukić. "CoM-ZSM5 (M = Zn and Ni) Zeolites for an Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media." Processes 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2024): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12050907.

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An ion-exchange procedure of synthetic zeolite ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 15) was used to prepare three cobalt ZSM-5 zeolites (CoM-ZSM5 (M = Zn and Ni)) that were examined for OERs in alkaline media. The structural, morphological, and surface properties of the prepared materials were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. All three electrocatalysts showed OER activity where CoNi-ZSM5 presented the highest current density (9.5 mA cm−2 at 2 V), the lowest Tafel slope (134 mV dec−1), and the lowest resistances of the charge transfer reaction (31.5 Ω). Overpotential (ηonset) at an onset potential of 410 mV for both CoNi-ZSM5 and Co-ZSM5 and 440 mV for CoZn-ZSM5 electrodes was observed. Co-ZSM5 showed somewhat lower OER catalytic activity than CoNi-ZSM5, while CoZn-ZSM5 demonstrated the lowest OER catalytic activity. The Rct of CoZn-ZSM5 is significantly higher than the Rct of CoNi-ZSM5, which could lead to their different OER activities. Good OER stability and low price are the main advantages of the synthesized CoM-ZSM5 samples in this study.
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Fan, Huahua, Xiaowa Nie, Haozhi Wang, Michael J. Janik, Chunshan Song, and Xinwen Guo. "Mechanistic understanding of ethane dehydrogenation and aromatization over Zn/ZSM-5: effects of Zn modification and CO2 co-reactant." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 24 (2020): 8359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy01566k.

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DFT calculations identified the promotional role of introducing a Zn modifier to HZSM-5 in ethane dehydrogenation/aromatization. The CO2-assisted effect would be achieved by using bimetallic-modified catalysts such as Zn–Pt/ZSM5 and Zn–Fe/ZSM-5.
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Oleksenko, Ludmila P., Vitaly K. Yatsimirsky, and Larisa V. Lutsenko. "Influence of Preparation Conditions of Mixed-valence Con+/ZSM-5 Zeolites on Their Adsorption and Catalytic Properties in CO Oxidation." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 4 (May 2002): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/02636170260295551.

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The adsorption properties, thermal stability and catalytic activity in CO oxidation of Co2+, Co3+-containing ZSM-5 zeolite systems with different metal loadings were studied. Treatment in H2 caused an increase in the activity of Co2+/ZSM-5 and Co2+–Co3+/ZSM-5 systems, but the activity of the Co3+/ZSM-5 system remained unchanged, demonstrating the very low reducibility of the [Co(NH3)6]3+ ion when embedded in the zeolite framework. The catalytic activity changed in the order: Co3+/ZSM-5 < Co2+–Co3+/ZSM-5 < Co2+/ZSM-5. A correlation was established between the temperature necessary for the total decomposition of the cobalt salts introduced into the zeolite, the acidity, the coordination state of the Co ions and the catalytic activity of the cobalt-containing zeolites.
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30

Pongsai, S. B., and S. Hannongbua. "Computational Study on Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of ZSM-5 Doped by Al/Fe and Al/P." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.781.

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Configurational averaging technique is adopted via lattice statics approach to obtain the thermodynamic and structural properties of ZSM-5 containing various impurity content. Different Si:Al:Fe and Si:Al:P ratios within o-ZSM-5 and m-ZSM-5 frameworks have been studied. The results show that the third type of atom (Fe or P) incorporated to aluminosilicate ZSM-5 plays an important role on the structural stability of zeolite. It is indicated that the lattice enthalpy of aluminosilicate ZSM-5 is highered when doping with Fe, but it is lowered when doping with P. It is found that for o-ZSM-5 doped by Al/Fe and Al/P, the values of <Si-O> bond lengths, as well as <O-Si-O> and <Si-O-Si> bond angles, are close to those for siliceous o-ZSM-5. However, for m-ZSM-5 doped by Al/Fe and Al/P, the values of <Si-O> are slightly longer whereas <O-Si-O> and <Si-O-Si> are smaller compared with those for siliceous m-ZSM-5.
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31

Aniskova, T. V., A. I. Fedotov, and R. I. Kuzmina. "ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РЕАКЦИЙ ИЗОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ Н-ГЕКСАНА НА ЦЕОЛИТНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ ZSM-5, CR-BI-ZSM-5." Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 16, no. 4 (2016): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2016-16-4-399-403.

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32

Hang, Xiaodong, Xiaohan Liu, Ying Hu, Yilai Jiao, and Lin Wu. "Zeolite Socony Mobil-Five Coating on Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn Promotes Biocompatibility and Osteogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5529368.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of a Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) coating on a Ti-24 Nb-4 Zr-7.9 Sn (Ti-2448) surface. ZSM-5-modified Ti-2448 (ZSM-5/Ti-2448) and Ti-2448 (control) groups were employed. The physical and chemical properties of the two types of samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and contact angle methods. The surface of the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was rougher than that of the original Ti-2448, while the contact angle of the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was smaller than that of Ti-2448. In addition, the ZSM-5/Ti-2448 largely increased the specific surface area and introduced silanol groups. A bone-like apatite layer could be formed on the surface of ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after 14 days of incubation in a simulated body fluid. ZSM-5/Ti-2448 was not cytotoxic. The number and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts on ZSM-5/Ti-2448 were significantly higher than those on Ti-2448 surfaces, obtained in vitro using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and ALP activity assays. Few inflammatory cells were observed around ZSM-5/Ti-2448 after insertion into the femurs of Japanese white rabbits after 4, 12, and 26 weeks through hematoxylin–eosin staining. The average gray scale of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on ZSM-5/Ti-2448 peaked earlier than that on Ti-2448, according to immunohistochemical staining. These results indicate that ZSM-5/Ti-2448 has a good biocompatibility and improved early osteogenic potential compared to a noncoated Ti-2448.
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33

Xue, Zeyu, Zhaoping Zhong, and Bo Zhang. "Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Production with Physically Mixed MCM-41 and ZSM-5." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060685.

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To delve into the law of hydrocarbon production in microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis (MACFP) of corn straw, physical mixed Mesoporous Crystalline Material-41 (MCM-41) and Zeolite Socony Mobile-5 (ZSM-5) catalyst prototypes were exploited in this study. Besides, the effects exerted by temperature of reaction and MCM-41/ZSM-5 mass ratio were explored. As revealed from the results, carbon outputs of hydrocarbons rose initially as the temperature of MACFP rose and reached the maximal data at 550 °C; subsequently, it declined as reaction temperature rose. Moreover, the MCM-41/ZSM-5 mass ratio of 1:2 was second-to-none for hydrocarbon formation in the course of biomass MACFP. It was reported that adding MCM-41 can hinder coke formation on ZSM-5. Furthermore, MCM-41/ZSM-5 mixture exhibited more significant catalytic activity than ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite, demonstrating that hydrocarbon producing process can be stimulated by a simple physical MCM-41 and ZSM-5 catalysts mixture instead of synthesizing complex hierarchically-structured ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite.
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34

Liu, Wei Qiao, Gong Li, Hui Juan Tong, Wei Ning Lei, Tong Ming Shang, Zheng Song Lou, and Xiang Hong He. "Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Performance of a Modified ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1042.

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A modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve was prepared by the combination of recrystallization and carbon template methods. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD, TEM and SEM. The results show that the modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve has double pore distribution. The diameters of the two kinds of channels are 0.51~0.56 nm and 1.4~1.6 nm, respectively. In addition, the modified HZSM-5 (H-type ZSM-5) sample mainly has moderate strength of acid sites. Finally, the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene olefin was used to evaluate the catalytic performance of the as-synthesized modified ZSM-5 on macromolecules. The conversions of 1-dodecene on the modified ZSM-5, ZSM-5 prepared by conventional process and aluminum-containing SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve are 96%, 39% and 83%, respectively. And the selectivities of long chain alkyl benzene on those are 97%, 68% and 91%, respectively. The catalytic properties of the modified ZSM-5 on macromolecules are superior to those of ZSM-5 prepared by conventional process and aluminum-containing SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve.
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35

Tran Thi Ngoc, My, Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Quyen Tran Thi Bich, Mai Ngo Truong Ngoc, Don Ta Ngoc, and Thien Doan Van Hong. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Alpha Cypermethrin Based on ZSM-5/TiO2 Hybrid Composites." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 11, no. 3 (October 12, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2022.044.

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Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method from the silicon dioxide (SiO2) precursor prepared from rice husk ash. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were decorated on ZSM-5 substrate by a sol-gel method. ZSM-5/TiO2 materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. ZSM-5 was successfully synthesized in crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 3-5 mm. TiO2 nanoparticles with the size of 3-5 nm were distributed on the surface of ZSM-5. ZSM-5/TiO2 materials were used as a photocatalyst to remove alpha – cypermethrin, a kind of the pesticide residues. The results showed that the removal efficiency was 90% with the initial concentration of alpha - cypermethrin of 160 mg L-1. ZSM-5/TiO2 would be a very potential material for using as a photocatalyst for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants.
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36

Yeh, Chen-Hao, and Jia-Jen Ho. "Density Functional Theory Calculation on the Dissociation Mechanism of Nitric Oxide Catalyzed by Cu4Cluster in ZSM-5 (Cu4-ZSM-5) and Bimetal Cu3Fe in ZSM-5 (Cu3Fe-ZSM-5)." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 63, no. 6 (May 6, 2016): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201500318.

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37

Peral, A., J. M. Escola, D. P. Serrano, J. Přech, C. Ochoa-Hernández, and J. Čejka. "Bidimensional ZSM-5 zeolites probed as catalysts for polyethylene cracking." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 8 (2016): 2754–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy02075a.

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38

Fang, Wenting, Hualei Hu, Zhongsen Ma, Lei Wang, and Yajie Zhang. "Two Possible Side Reaction Pathways during Furanic Etherification." Catalysts 8, no. 9 (September 8, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8090383.

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The revealing mechanism of side reactions is crucial for obtaining theoretical yield in industrialization when 2,5-bis(methoxymethyl)furan (BMMF) yield is above 95%. By-products catalyzed by the conventional ZSM-5 (C-ZSM-5) and hierarchical porous ZSM-5 (HP-ZSM-5) catalytic systems were different, and some key by-products were identified. Thus, possible pathways were proposed, which helps to further improve BMMF selectivity. Additionally, HP-ZSM-5 exhibited quicker reaction rate, higher BMMF yield and selectivity, and slower deactivation process. The relatively weak acidity of HP-ZSM-5 suppresses the ring-opening reaction and subsequent side reactions, and introduction of mesopores improves mass transport and slightly increases hydration of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF).
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39

Aouaini, Fatma, Nadia Bouaziz, Wafa Alfwzan, Noura Khemiri, Zainab Elqahtani, and Abdelmottaleb Ben Lamine. "Adsorption of CO2 on ZSM-5 Zeolite: Analytical Investigation via a Multilayer Statistical Physics Model." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031558.

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In this paper, a synthesized zeolite (ZSM-5) is used as an adsorbent to analyze the adsorption phenomenon of carbon dioxide. This investigation, based on the statistical physics treatment, applied the multilayer model with saturation to understand the CO2 adsorption on four samples, namely M-ZSM-5 (M = Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+, La3+), at various temperatures T = 0 °C, 30 °C and 60 °C. The modeling results indicated that CO2 adsorption occurred via a non-parallel orientation on the ZSM-5 surface. The CO2 adsorption capacities varied from 26.14 to 28.65 cm3/g for Na-ZSM-5, from 25.82 to 27.97 cm3/g for Mg-ZSM-5, from 54.82 to 68.63 cm3/g for La-ZSM-5 and from 56.53 to 74.72 cm3/g for Zn-ZSM-5. Thus, Zn-ZSM-5 exhibits the highest adsorption amount. The analysis of the adsorption energies shows that the adsorption of CO2 on ZSM-5 zeolite is a physisorption phenomenon that could be controlled thanks to the energy parameters obtained via the numerical findings using the multilayer statistical model. Finally, the distribution of site energy was determined to confirm the physical character of the interactions between adsorbate/adsorbent and the heterogeneity of the zeolite surface.
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40

Setiadi, Raka Nugraha Wijaya, and Danestyan Arif Pradana. "Producing monoaromatic compounds from pyrolytic vapour of rice straw using H-ZSM-5/B2O3 catalyst." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702026.

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The catalytic conversion of rice straw was done to produce mono aromatic compounds. The mixed catalyst of ZSM-5 and B2O3 was obtained through calcination of ZSM-5 and H3BO catalyst mixture. The variation of the composition of the ZSM-5 and B2O3 catalyst was applied in order to test the effect of catalyst composition to the production of mono aromatics compounds. The composition of catalyst used were 15% ZSM-5, 30% ZSM-5, and 100% ZSM-5. Other than the variation of catalyst composition, the variation of the operating temperature of the catalytic conversion also performed in order to study the effect of the temperature to the production of mono aromatic compounds. The catalytic conversion was done at 450, 475, and 500 oC. Experimental results show that the addition of the catalyst resulted in the conversion of oxygenate compounds resulted from the pyrolytic process of rice straw into mono aromatic compounds. It also shows that using 100% ZSM-5 produced the highest yield of mono aromatics compounds. The amount of mono aromatic compounds produced will decrease, as the fraction of ZSM-5 catalyst used and operation temperature also decreased. Using the 100% ZSM-5, the mono aromatics compound with the highest yield is 1, 3 Dimethyl benzene or mxylene.
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41

Jokar, Farzad, Seyed Mehdi Alavi, and Mehran Rezaei. "Investigating the hydroisomerization of n-pentane using Pt supported on ZSM-5, desilicated ZSM-5, and modified ZSM-5/MCM-41." Fuel 324 (September 2022): 124511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124511.

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42

Ono, Yoshio, and Kunihiko Kanae. "Transformation of butanes over ZSM-5 zeolites. Part 2.—Formation of aromatic hydrocarbons over Zn-ZSM-5 and Ga-ZSM-5." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 87, no. 4 (1991): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ft9918700669.

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43

Priharto, Neil, Stef Ghysels, Mehmet Pala, Wim Opsomer, Frederik Ronsse, Güray Yildiz, Hero Jan Heeres, Peter J. Deuss, and Wolter Prins. "Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin-Rich Digested Stillage over Na/ZSM-5, H/ZSM-5, and Fe/ZSM-5." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 10 (September 15, 2020): 12710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02390.

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44

Rice, Mark J., Arup K. Chakraborty, and Alexis T. Bell. "A Density Functional Theory Study of the Interactions of H2O with H−ZSM-5, Cu−ZSM-5, and Co−ZSM-5." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 102, no. 38 (September 1998): 7498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp981108s.

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45

Ali, Mansoor, Jong Jin Kim, Faisal Zafar, Dongming Shen, Xu Wang, and Jong Wook Bae. "Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons." Catalysts 13, no. 5 (May 21, 2023): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13050910.

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The synthesis of gasoline-range hydrocarbons by gas-phase dimethyl ether (DME) conversion was investigated on various ZSM-5 zeolites with different morphologies and Fe contents. The different morphologies of ZSM-5 significantly altered the distributions of the acidic sites, which showed different selectivities to gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Nanostructured ZSM-5 (N-ZSM-5) revealed the highest C5+ selectivity of 41.7% with an aromatics selectivity of 23.6% at ~100% DME conversion. The superior catalytic activity of N-ZSM-5 was attributed to the largest strong Brønsted acidic sites and smaller crystallite sizes, which were beneficial for the faster removal rate of heavy hydrocarbons due to its shorter diffusion pathlength compared to conventional ZSM-5 (C-ZSM-5). In addition, 10 wt% Fe-impregnated N-ZSM-5 revealed an enhanced C5+ selectivity of 60.6% with a smaller C1–C4 selectivity of 21.9%, which were attributed to the adjusted acidic sites by suppressing the cracking reactions of the surface intermediates, which are responsible for the selective formation of smaller light hydrocarbons. However, the excess amount of Fe on N-ZSM-5 showed a lower DME conversion of 83.5% with a lower C5+ selectivity of 38.5% due to the blockages of the active acidic sites. Nanostructured N-ZSM-5 possessing a larger amount of strong Brønsted acid sites with 10 wt% Fe modification clearly showed a higher formation rate of gasoline-range hydrocarbons due to an enhanced secondary oligomerization of surface intermediates to form heavier aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Na, Jin Dan, Guo Zhu Liu, Mei Ling Ji, Xue Song Ma, Shen Lin Hu, and Li Wang. "Synthesis and Properties of ZSM-5/MCM-41 Composite Zeolite with a Core-Shell Structure for Cracking of Supercritical n-dodecane." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.267.

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A set of ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite zeolite were synthesized hydrothermally with CTAB as a template and ZSM-5 zeolite as a silica source. XRD patterns of ZSM-5/MCM-41 zeolites contain the characteristic peaks both of ZSM-5 and MCM-41. TEM images show that ZSM-5 zeolite surface was covered with a MCM-41 thin layer varying the thickness with the crystallization time. The BET specific surface area of the composite zeolite increased with increasing the NaOH concentration up to a maximum at 1.5 M, followed by decreased as the NaOH concentration was increased. Catalytic tests were carried out in a tubular reactor coated with the zeolite on its inner wall at 550°C and 4 MPa. The ZSM-5/MCM-41 zeolite with a core-shell structure exhibited a higher conversion of supercritical n-dodecane cracking compared to ZSM-5.
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47

Liu, Ying, Lu Lin, Xiao Yu Sui, Jun Ping Zhuang, and Chun Sheng Pang. "Characterization of ZSM-5 during Conversion of Glucose to Levulinic Acid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.1206.

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The effects of catalyst amount on the yields of levulinic and hydroxymethyl furfural were investigated during conversion of glucose to levulinic acid catalyzed by ZSM-5. XRD and XPS were used to analyse the characteristics of ZSM-5 before reaction and after reaction. The results showed that: ZSM-5 exhibited good catalytic activity in the reaction of hydrolysis of glucose to produce levulinic acid. The characteristic peak of ZSM-5 molecular sieve did not change after reaction compared to that of before reaction. The relative crystallinity of ZSM-5 decreased after reaction, which caused the catalytic activity decline. The surface O, Si and Al content of ZSM-5 decreased greatly. The increase of element C was the main reason of inactivation of catalyst.
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48

Song, Jian Jun, Zuo Xing Di, Cheng Yang, and Jin Hu Wu. "Preparation of Small Crystalline ZSM-5 and its Application in Conversion of Methanol to Aromatic." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.245.

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Small crystalline ZSM-5 was synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis procedure and was characterized by XRD, SEM and N2-absorption. The results show that small crystalline ZSM-5 particles grow into larger agglomerates with a diameter of 100-400 nm, resulting in mesopore and higher surface area. During conversion of methanol to aromatics, small crystalline ZSM-5 catalyst performances better than micron-size ZSM-5 catalyst in aromatic selectivity and lifetime. The aromatic selectivity could reach to 21.7%, and the small crystalline ZSM-5 catalyst shows no deactivation during first 24h.
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Kim, Hyun Su, Su Kyung Kang, Haoxiang Zhang, Elsa Tsegay Tikue, Jin Hyung Lee, and Pyung Soo Lee. "Al-ZSM-5 Nanocrystal Catalysts Grown from Silicalite-1 Seeds for Methane Conversion." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020485.

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This study evaluated Al-ZSM-5 nanocrystals grown from silicalite-1 seed crystals as catalysts for the methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) reaction. Silicalite-1 seed crystals sized between 30 and 40 nm were used to grow Al-ZSM-5 under various synthesis conditions. The size of Al-ZSM-5 was significantly affected by the Si/Al ratio (SAR), synthesis time, and silica nutrients/seed crystal ratio (NSR). Larger crystals were obtained with an increased SAR in the synthesis sols. Gradual growth of Al-ZSM-5 occurred with synthesis time, although the growth in crystal size ceased at 5 h of synthesis at 120 °C, indicating the rapid growth of Al-ZSM-5 aided by the silicalite-1 seeds. Precise tuning of Al-ZSM-5 size was possible by changing the nutrient/silicalite-1 seed ratio; a higher NSR led to larger crystals. Two representative Al-ZSM-5 crystals with SARs of 35 and 140 were prepared for catalyst testing, and the crystal sizes were tailored to <100 nm by controlling NSR. The MDA reaction was conducted in the presence of the prepared Al-ZSM-5. The catalyst size exhibited distinct differences in catalyst stability, while the SAR of catalysts did not produce noticeable changes in the catalyst stability of the Al-ZSM-5 crystals and commercial zeolites in this reaction system.
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50

D. Pandiangan, Kamisah, Putri Damayanti, Faulia Riyanti, and Wasinton Simanjuntak. "UJI AKTIVITAS KATALITIK ZSM-5 YANG DISINTESIS DARI SILIKA SEKAM PADI DAN Al(OH)3 PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT." ANALIT:ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 5, no. 01 (April 30, 2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/aec.v5.i1.2020.p53-64.

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Abstract:
Sintesis zeolit ZSM-5 telah dilakukan dengan metode hidrotermal menggunakan silika sekam padi dan Al(OH)3 dengan rasio molar Si/Al 20. Proses hidrotermal dilakukan pada suhu 180 ℃ dengan memvariasikan waktu kristalisasi yakni 24, 48, 72, 96, dan 120 jam, dilanjutkan dengan kalsinasi pada suhu 600℃ selama 6 jam. Hasil analisis XRD mengkonfirmasi pembentukan ZSM-5 yang ditandai dengan adanya tiga puncak khas pada 2θ (8,6°-8,7°, 23,2°, dan 23,6°-23,7°). Pembentukan ZSM-5 diperkuat dengan adanya serapan khas pada spektrum FTIR untuk zeolit, yakni puncak pada daerah ~ 468- 478 cm-1 sebagai vibrasi tekuk T-O dari SiO4 dan AlO4, adanya ikatan Si-O-Al yang khas ditandai dengan puncak pada daerah 793-799 cm-1 dan puncak pada daerah 3465-3578 cm-1 menunjukkan gugus -OH dari molekul air pada sampel. Selain fase kristalin ZSM5, pada sampel juga terdapat fase mordenit, heulandit, dan analcim yang ditandai adanya bentuk heksagonal, jarum dan batang pada permukaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh waktu kristalisasi terhadap aktivitas katalitik ZSM-5 pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dengan metanol. Katalis ZS-96 memiliki aktivitas terbaik dan mampu mengkonversi minyak kelapa sawit sebesar 80,8%. Pembentukan campuran metil ester pada produk transesterifikasi dikonfirmasi dengan hasil analisis GC- MS yang menunjukkan ada 6 senyawa metil ester dengan komponen utamanya adalah metil oleat.
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