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Journal articles on the topic 'ZrOCl2'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Ji, Xiao Li, Guo Min Li, Hao Wang, and Wei Wei Wan. "Preparation of Nano-Sized ZrO2 Powders by Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gel Method." Key Engineering Materials 508 (March 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.508.27.

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Nano-Sized ZrO2 Powders Were Synthesized from ZrOCl2•8H2O by Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gel Technology, Using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as a Monomer and Glutaraldehyde (GA) as a Cross-Linking Reagent. The Stability of the Gel Was Affected by Concentration of PVA and GA, Volume of ZrOCl2•8H2O. Moderate Strength of Gel Was Synthesized by Raw Materials of PVA (2%), ZrOCl2•8H2O (30~40 g) and GA (10ml). Nano-Sized ZrO2 Was Obtained Finally, with Uniform Particle Size and Good Dispersibility, and Size Was about 20 nm. Doped ZrO2 with Stabilized Tetragonal Crystal Was Obtained at Room Temperature. The Effect of Calcine Temperature on Phase Structure of ZrO2 Powders Has Been Investigated.
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2

Li, Qiang, Dan Yu Jiang, Ya Jun Fan, and Cheng Zhang. "A Novel Non-Aqueous Solvent Chemical Process to Synthesize Nano-ZrO2." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2060–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2060.

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This paper reports a novel non-aqueous solvent chemical process to prepare nano ZrO2 powders. ZrOCl2•6H2O and urea were directly dissolved into an organic solvent of glycol. After this solution was put into an oven and reacted at 950C for 2 h, a transparent gel was obtained. As-received gel was heated at 2100C for 5 hrs to remove glycol, and dry powders were obtained. Then the powders were calcined at 7500C, and monoclinic phase of ZrO2 was obtained. With different concentration of ZrOCl2, a range of nano ZrO2 powders were obtained. Furthermore, a surfactant of polyglycol was added into the solution to improve the dispersion of nano-particles in the gel. XRD analysis confirmed the monoclinic phase of ZrO2. SEM imaging showed the characteristics of nanoparticles. BET analysis was employed to test the aggregation of as-received nano ZrO2 particles. Considering the effects of both the concentration of ZrOCl2 and the surfactant, the optimized synthesis process of nano ZrO2 particles was formed.
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3

Zan, Ling, Chengshan Zhang, Gaoxian Dong, and Kangkang Wang. "ZrOCl2 for fluoride glass preparation." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 140 (January 1992): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(05)80791-4.

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4

Xia, Jian Fei, Zong Hua Wang, Yan Zhi Xia, Fei Fei Zhang, Fu Qiang Zhu, and Yan Hui Li. "One Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Graphene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.174.

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Zirconia-graphene composite (ZrO2-G) has been successfully synthesized via decomposition of ZrOCl2•6H2O in a water-isopropanol system with dispersed graphene oxide (GO) utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Zr4+ and the deoxygenation of GO at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was found that graphene were fully coated with ZrO2, and the ZrO2 existing in tetragonal phase, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional composite.
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5

Niu, Jin Ye, Zhi Wei Chen, Cheng Gong Sun, Liu Feng, Zheng Min Li, and Jie Li. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of LiZr2(PO4)3." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.195.

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Lithium dizirconium phosphate (LiZr2(PO4)3) possesses good ionic conductivity owing to its unique framework structure and can be used as favorable anode material in Li-ion battery. LiZr2(PO4)3 is commonly prepared by solid phase reaction in which higher temperature is needed and pure LiZr2(PO4)3 without other phases is difficult to obtain in the final products. In this paper, low cost hydrothermal synthesis of pure (LiZr2(PO4)3) was studied. Effects of the hydrothermal conditions (molar ratios of Li+ to ZrOCl2, addition of HF, pH values of reaction system and hydrothermal temperatures) on the phase composition of the products were investigated. The results showed that pure LiZr2(PO4)3 was successfully prepared at lower temperature of 80°C for 24h with the addition of HF when the pH value was adjusted to 5.0 and the molar ratio of Li+ to ZrOCl2 was 0.5 with the concentration of ZrOCl2 as 0.6mol/L. The phases and purity of the final products were characterized by XRD analysis.
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6

Li, Xue Feng, Wei Yun Guo, Huan Xin Gao, and Qing Ling Chen. "Sulfated ZrO2 Supported on HMS Mesoporous Silica for Catalytic Epoxidation of Soybean Oil." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.198.

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Sulfated zirconia supported on HMS mesoporous silica (SZ-HMS) was prepared and evaluated by catalytic epoxidation of soybean oil. The preparation procedure of SZ-HMS included soaking of HMS with ZrOCl2, and then sulfating with H2SO4. The samples were characterized by IR, XRD, and N2-adsorption. SZ-HMS kept the typical mesoporous crystalline as well as pore structure and exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for the epoxidation of soybean oil. The best catalytic activity, 4.4 of epoxy value, is acquired over the SZ-HMS sample prepared by 0.2 mol/L of ZrOCl2 concentration, 0.75 mol/L of H2SO4 concentration, and 823 K of calcination temperature.
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7

Wang, Xin M., and Ping Xiao. "Solvothermal synthesis of titania-zirconia composite." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0042.

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Nanocomposite particles of anatase-type titania (TiO2) and cubic/tetragonal zirconia were synthesized from hydrothermal processing of TiCl4 and ZrOCl2·8H2O or ZrCl4 alcohol solutions at 160–200 °C. It was found that the morphologies and composition of the composite particles were mainly controlled by the precursors and the sequence by which the precursors were added. The TiO2–ZrO2 composite particles with nanoscale uniformity can be obtained by solvothermal processing of TiCl4 or a ZrO2 precursor together with preformed ZrO2 or yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles in ethanol. A novel one-step and non-template method for preparing ZrO2–TiO2 core–shell structured composite particles with hollow interior was identified, and possible reaction mechanism was suggested.
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8

JIA, Yu, Yuji HOTTA, Cihangir DURAN, Kimiyasu SATO, and Koji WATARI. "Kinetic Study on Nano-ZrO2 from ZrOCl2 Solution Modified with Diglycol." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 113, no. 1317 (2005): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.113.380.

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9

Shaibuna, M., Muhammed Jeneesh Kariyottu Kuniyil, and K. Sreekumar. "Deep eutectic solvent assisted synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones via Biginelli reaction: theoretical investigations on their electronic and global reactivity descriptors." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 44 (2021): 20765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj03879f.

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10

Yan, Xue, Xiao Nong Cheng, Xin Bo Yang, and Cheng Hua Zhang. "Combustion Synthesis of ZrW2O8 and Preparation of its Composite with Near Zero Thermal Expansion." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1235.

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ZrW2O8 was successfully synthesized via combustion method with (NH4)5H5[H2(WO4)6] ·H2O, ZrOCl2·8H2O, H3BO3, (NH2)2CO and HNO3. The best prescription of combustion synthesizing of ZrW2O8 was obtained. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of synthesized ZrW2O8 is -5.08×10-6oC-1 in the temperature range of 50-600oC. Different weight ratios of ZrW2O8 and ZrO2 were taken into account. Al2O3 was added into the composite during sintering to increase the density of the composites. When the weight ratio of ZrO2 to ZrW2O8 is 2, the composite with near zero thermal expansion can be obtained. 0.25 wt% Al2O3 can effectively increase the density of ZrO2/ZrW2O8 composites with slight influence on the thermal expansion property.
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11

Sun, Ge, Hao Wang, Wei Min Wang, Yu Cheng Wang, and Zheng Yi Fu. "Synthesis of Ultra-Fine ZrB2 Powder by Borothermal Reaction under High Heating Rate." Advanced Materials Research 66 (April 2009): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.66.77.

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Ultra-fine zirconium diboride (ZrB2) powders have been synthesized by borothermal reduction reaction, using zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2•8H2O) as the precursors of zirconia. The thermodynamic variation in the amorphous ZrO2-B system was studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The precursors containing amorphous ZrO2 and B were heat-treated under a high heating rate. It is shown that the borothermal reaction can be completed at a relatively low temperature (~950 °C) and short duration (~5 min) under a heating rate of 200 °C/min. The synthesized powders have an average crystalline size of 300 nm with oxygen content less than 2.62 wt%.
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12

Čeliković, Ana, Ljiljana Kandić, M. Zdujić, and Dragan P. Uskokovic. "Synthesis of ZnO and ZrO2 Powders by Mechanochemical Processing." Materials Science Forum 555 (September 2007): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.555.279.

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The ZnO and ZrO2 powders were prepared by mechanochemical processing and subsequent heat treatment of the starting powder of precursors mixture of ZnCl2 and Ca(OH)2, and ZrOCl2·8H2O and NaOH, respectively. Inert salt matrix, ether CaCl2 or NaCl, which prevents particle agglomeration was formed during mechanochemical solid state reaction. After mechanochemical treatment, samples were calcined at various temperatures. Selective removal of the matrix phase by washing the resulting powder with appropriate solvent yields almost pure ZnO and ZrO2 powders. Characterization of the powders was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal and thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA−TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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13

Sonal, Sonalika, Astha Singh, and Brijesh Kumar Mishra. "Decolorization of reactive dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R by zirconium oxychloride as a novel coagulant: optimization through response surface methodology." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 2 (July 11, 2018): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.307.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of a novel coagulant, i.e. ZrOCl2, for the removal of anthraquinone-based reactive dye from aqueous solution. An ideal experimental setup was designed based on central composite design using response surface methodology to determine the individual and interactive effects of different operational variables (i.e. pH, coagulant dose and dye concentration) on treatment performance in terms of dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. Total 92.58% dye and 85.33% COD removal were experimentally attained at optimized conditions at low coagulant dose, i.e. 156.67 mg/L for the dye concentration of 105.67 mg/L at pH 2. To validate the working pH of the metal coagulant, the static charge of ZrOCl2 was measured using Eh value. The performance of the coagulant was validated with experimental and predicted values in the selected data set, and R2 values for both responses were found to be 0.99 and 0.95 respectively, which shows the reliability of the experimental design. Further, the toxicity of the coagulant was assessed and no such toxicity was found even up to the concentration of 500 mg/L, proclaiming the disposal of sludge may not exhibit any threat to humans. Experimental results suggested that the ZrOCl2 could be used as an eco-friendly coagulant for dye wastewater treatment.
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14

Wang, Tao, Jianmin Liu, Weihui Jiang, Guo Feng, Lifeng Miao, Ting Chen, Qian Wu, Huidong Tang, and Wei Luo. "Facile molten salt synthesis of zirconia whiskers." Processing and Application of Ceramics 12, no. 3 (2018): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1803257w.

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ZrO2 whiskers have been synthesized by a facile molten salt method using ZrOCl2 ? 8H2O and Na3PO4 ? 12H2O as the zirconium source and molten salt, respectively. Differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses, Xray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were employed to characterize the heating process of the precursor mixture, phase composition of the assynthesized ZrO2 whiskers and the effect of reaction temperature on the synthesis of ZrO2 whiskers. The results show that the ZrO2 whiskers synthesized at 900?C have an average aspect ratio of 30 and preferentially grow along [010] direction. The formation of sodium zirconium phosphate [Na9-4xZrx(PO4)3] (x = 1, 2) and the reaction temperature play an important role in the growth of ZrO2 whiskers. This work also suggests an effective route for mass production of high quality ZrO2 whiskers.
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15

Cho, M. J., Sang Heum Youn, Jae Jun Kim, Kyu Hong Hwang, Jong Kook Lee, and Mikio Iwasa. "Dispersion of ZrO2 Particles in the Al2O3/ZrO2 Ceramics by the Partial Chemical Dispersion Processes." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.77.

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To improve the mechanical properties of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites, the homogeneous dispersion of ultra low size ZrO2 particles in Al2O3 ceramics have been controlled by partial dispersion of ZrO2 by chemical processes such as coprecipitation or polymeric precursor method(Pechini process). So nanosized Zr/Y hydroxide were coprecipitated or polymerized directly to the surfaces of commercial sub-micron size α-alumina powder(Sumitomo: AES-11(0.4 μm)) using ZrOCl2 /Y(NO3)3 solution. By the partial coprecipitation method, dispersion of relatively small sized ZrO2 in Al2O3/ZrO2 composites could be achieved at 1500~1600° C of sintering temperature. In case of the polyesterization of Zr/Y(NO3)3-citric acid solution in ethylene glycol directly to the commercial sub-micron size α-alumina powder, more homogeneous dispersion of relatively low sized ZrO2 in Al2O3/ZrO2 composites could be obtained at 1450~1600°C of sintering temperature range and their mechanical strength was more enhanced.
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16

Takada, Tomoya. "Removal of F− from Water Using Templated Mesoporous Carbon Modified with Hydrated Zirconium Oxide." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6010013.

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Three types of MgO-templated mesoporous carbon possessing different specific surface area and pore size distribution were modified with hydrated zirconium oxide (ZrO2·xH2O) to prepare fluoride anion (F−) adsorbents. ZrO2·xH2O was synthesized through the auto-hydrolysis of zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2) in water under the coexistence of mesoporous carbon. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the mesoporous carbon surfaces were coated with mainly amorphous ZrO2·xH2O. Capabilities of aqueous F− removal of the prepared adsorbents and the unmodified mesoporous carbons were compared. The F− uptake by the prepared adsorbents was larger than that observed using unmodified carbons, indicating that the F− adsorption capacity was improved through the ZrO2·xH2O coating. Moreover, the adsorption capability was found to depend on the pore size of the mesoporous carbons. The F− uptake decreased as pH of F− solution increased. Protonation and deprotonation of ZrO2 were found to affect the F− adsorption.
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17

Atherton, M. D., and H. Sutcliffe. "The azeotropic dehydration and dehydrochlorination of ZrOCl2·8H2O." Journal of the Less Common Metals 138, no. 1 (March 1988): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(88)90235-4.

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18

Ma, Yubo, Lei Wang, Hongyi Li, Tianfu Wang, and Ronghui Zhang. "Selective Dehydration of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Ionic Liquid-ZrOCl2 in Isopropanol." Catalysts 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8100467.

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In this work, a heterogeneous catalytic system consisting of [HO2CMMIm]Cl and ZrOCl2 in isopropanol is demonstrated to be effective for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) synthesis with glucose as the feedstock. Various reaction conditions for HMF synthesis by glucose dehydration were investigated systematically. Under optimized reaction conditions, as high as 43 mol% HMF yield could be achieved. Increasing the water content to a level below 3.17% led to the production of HMF with a higher yield, while a lower HMF yield was observed when the water content was increased above 3.17%. In addition, the data also showed that ZrOCl2 could not only effectively convert glucose into intermediate species (which were not fructose, in contrast to the literature) but also catalyze the intermediate species’ in situ dehydration into HMF. [HO2CMMIm]Cl was used to catalyze the intermediate species’ in situ conversion to HMF. The kinetics data showed that a temperature increase accelerated the intermediate species’ dehydration reaction rate. The reaction of glucose dehydration was a strong endothermal reaction.
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19

Su, Dong Yun, Jun Ma, and Hai Kun Pu. "The Research of Nafion/PTFE/Inorganic Composite Membrane Used in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.927.

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PTFE/Nafion (PN) membranes were fabricated for the application of moderate and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), respectively. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated by PTFE/Nafion membranes with commercially available low and high temperature gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs).The influence of [ZrOCl2]/[Nafio wt. ratio of Nafion/ZrOCl2 solution on the membrane morphology of NFZrP and PEMFCs performance was investigated. And the influence of hybridizing silicate into the PN membranes on their direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance and methanol crossover was investigated. Silicate in PN membranes causes reduction both in proton conductivity and methanol crossover of membranes. Due to the low conductivity of PTFE and silicate, PNS had a higher proton resistance than Nafion-112.The effects of introducing sub-μm porous PTFE film and ZrP particles into Nafion membranes on the DMFC performance were investigated. The influence of ZrP hybridizing process into NF membranes on the morphology of NFZrP composite membranes and thus on the DMFC performance was also discussed.
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20

DAIMON, Keiji, Junji YAMADA, and Etsuro KATO. "Formation of Spherically Aggregated ZrO2 Particles by Thermal Hydrolysis of ZrOCl2 Concentrated Solution." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 98, no. 1135 (1990): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.98.300.

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21

Zhang, Quan, Guo Feng, Feng Jiang, Jianmin Liu, Lifeng Miao, Qian Wu, Tao Wang, and Weihui Jiang. "Facile preparation of ZrO2 whiskers by LiF-KCl molten salts synthesis." Processing and Application of Ceramics 15, no. 3 (2021): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2103219z.

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Monoclinic zirconia (ZrO2) whiskers were made via the molten salt method using zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2 ? 8H2O) as zirconium source, potassium chloride (KCl) as molten salt and lithium fluoride (LiF) as a mineraliser. DSC-TG, XRD, FE-SEM, Raman and TEM were performed to study the effects of heat treatment temperature, holding time and heating rate on the synthesis of zirconia whiskers. The results indicate that zirconia whiskers with diameters of 50-80 nm and aspect ratios of 10-30 can be obtained by heating the precursor at slow rate (3?C/min) to 718?C for 1 h and then at faster rate (7?C/min) to 950?C for 3 h. The whiskers have a smooth surface and grow in [001] direction. The key to the ZrO2 whiskers growth is the controlled dissolution and precipitation of the ZrO2 in a LiF-KCl molten salt solution environment.
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22

Yin, Jian Jun, Tao Wang, and Wei Jing Xing. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphor Doped Tetragonal Zirconia Nanocrystallites." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.846.

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Using zirconium oxychloride hydrate ( ZrOCl2•8H2O) and ammonia water (NH3•H2O) as raw materials, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) as additives, tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) with size range of 8–12 nm were prepared by coprecipitation method under hydrothermal conditions. The influence factors on phase transformation and the particle size such as phosphor loading, hydrothermal temperature and calcination temperature were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Roman spectra (FT-Roman), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques etc. Research results show that a small amount of phosphor has been incorporated into the framework of ZrO2 crystals, producing a certain amount of oxygen vacancies. Phosphor can effectively restrain crystal particles growth and improve the thermal stability of metastable t-ZrO2. The phosphor doped t-ZrO2 had a high surface area (244.2 m2/g). In contrast to the pure ZrO2 particles readily aggregating, the phosphor species deposited on the framework of ZrO2 crystals prevented the agglomeration of the primary particles during calcinations.
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23

Adamski, Andrzej, Pawel Jakubus, and Zbigniew Sojka. "Metastabilization of Tetragonal Zirconia by Doping with Low Amounts of Silica." Solid State Phenomena 128 (October 2007): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.128.89.

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Nanocrystalline tetragonal zirconia was obtained from ZrOCl2 via the modified forced hydrolysis method combined with aging of the hydrous amorphous precipitate in the mother liquor at 100 °C for 48 h (pH = 9.3). The role of the precipitation and aging temperatures in the metastabilization of the tetragonal ZrO2 polymorph is discussed in terms of the structural and textural data of the resultant oxide. The influence of low concentrations of silica (0.01 – 0.35 wt. % Si), spontaneously leached from the glass vessel or intentionally introduced to the parent solution, was shown to be a vital factor, controlling the phase composition of the final prepared zirconia. Using the concepts of zirconium aquatic chemistry, this effect was explained by incorporation of silicates into hydrous zirconia protostructures.
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24

Bardajee, Ghasem, Farnaz Jafarpour, and Hamid Afsari. "ZrOCl2 · 8H2O: An efficient catalyst for rapid one-pot synthesis of 3-carboxycoumarins under ultrasound irradiation in water." Open Chemistry 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0141-9.

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AbstractIn this report, a rapid, efficient and environmental friendly synthesis of 3-carboxycoumarins under ultrasound irradiation in water media is described. The Knoevenagel condensation of Meldrum’s acid with substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of zirconium oxide chloride (ZrOCl2·8H2O) and ultrasonic irradiation in water gave the corresponding 3-carboxycoumarins in good to excellent yields.
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25

Fathy, Adel, Omayma Elkady, and Ahmed Abu-Oqail. "Production and properties of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (August 16, 2017): 1519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726148.

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In the present study, Cu–3, 6, and 9 wt.% of ZrO2 nanocomposites were prepared by an in situ reactive synthesis of copper nitrate Cu(NO3)2 and zirconium oxychloride ZrOCl2. The structure and characteristics were examined by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the nanosized ZrO2 particles with about 45 nm was successfully formed and dispersed within the copper matrix. The effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles content on relative density, Vickers hardness, specific electrical resistivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion was evaluated. The pin-on-disc test was also performed to determine dry sliding wear behavior of specimens under different wear conditions. Hardness and specific electrical resistivity increased and density of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites decreased with increasing amount of ZrO2 in Cu matrix. The coefficient of thermal expansion significantly increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing ZrO2. The wear rate and friction coefficient of the developed surface composite was found decreasing with respect to increase in the dispersion of ZrO2. Amongst the copper surface composite, specimen with 9 wt.% of ZrO2 has shown the least wear rate with low coefficient of friction.
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26

Jafarpour, Maasoumeh, Abdolreza Rezaeifard, and Mahdieh Heidari. "Efficient Organic Transformations Mediated by ZrOCl2·8H2O in Water." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 186, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2010.519159.

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27

Aguiar, Kelen R., Guilherme P. Batalha, Mariana Peixoto, Airton Ramos, and Sérgio H. Pezzin. "Produção de membranas híbridas zirconizadas de SPEEK/Copolissilsesquioxano para aplicação em células a combustível do tipo PEM." Polímeros 22, no. 5 (October 11, 2012): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282012005000060.

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Membranas baseadas em poli(aril éter cetona) sulfonada mostraram ser bastante promissoras para aplicação em células a combustível com membrana trocadora de prótons (PEMFC). O poli(éter-éter-cetona) sulfonado (SPEEK), com elevado grau de sulfonação (GS), apresenta alta condutividade de prótons, mas sofre perda de funcionalidade e condutividade em temperaturas altas e umidades baixas. O desenvolvimento de membranas híbridas é uma das possibilidades para melhorar o desempenho destes materiais. Neste trabalho foram preparadas membranas híbridas zirconizadas de SPEEK/copolissilsesquioxano fosfonado (CF) por casting, a partir de SPEEK com GS entre 60% e 70% e soluções de cloreto de zirconila (ZrOCl2) 1, 5, ou 10% (m/m). As membranas foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difratometria de raios-X (DRX), análise termogravimétrica (TG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), condutividade de prótons (σ) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A análise por energia dispersiva (EDS) confirmou a presença de Zr em domínios esféricos dispersos homogeneamente pelas membranas, enquanto análises de DRX mostraram que os produtos da zirconização são amorfos. Ensaios de impedância eletroquímica indicam aumento da condutividade protônica com a adição de CF e 1 ou 5% de ZrOCl2.
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Dimitrov, Ognian, Irina Stambolova, Sasho Vassilev, Katerina Lazarova, Tsvetanka Babeva, and Ralitsa Mladenova. "Surface and Morphological Features of ZrO2 Sol-Gel Coatings Obtained by Polymer Modified Solution." Materials Proceedings 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ciwc2020-06810.

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Thin, homogeneous ZrO2 films were obtained by spin coating method from ZrOCl2 8H2O solution, modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Mw = 400). The films have thickness of 80 nm and refractive index of about 1.45, which varied with the amount of added PEG. The thermal behaviour of the precursor was studied with thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of a mixture of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystalline phases with nanosized crystallites. The formation of hydrogen bonds among the organic and inorganic components was proved by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, while the different defect centres were investigated with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the samples are dense and crack-free, with ganglia-like nanostructure. It was established that the addition of polymer resulted in the introduction of free volume in the films, which also varied with the content of PEG in the precursor solution.
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Ropot, Mihaiela, Emilian Angelescu, Rodica Zavoianu, and Rodica Birjega. "The Influence of the Preparation of Zr(OH)4 Precursor on the Catalytic Performances of ZrO2/SO42- in the Isomerization of n-butane." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 3 (April 9, 2008): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.3.1750.

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In the preparation of sulfated zirconia catalysts, the properties of products, including catalytic activity, are influenced by the precursor from which Zr(OH)4 is obtained, by agents of precipitation and solvents. The most active catalysts for the isomerization of n-butane to izobutane was obtained from ZrCl4 precipitated with N2H4 . H2O and maturated, but a better selectivity was obtained when ZrOCl2�8H2O was using.
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30

Li, Chensha, Tongxiang Liang, and Tianyong Luo. "Preparation of ZrO2 nano-particles by the hydrolysis of ZrOCl2 solution in the reverse micelles." Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material 13, no. 4 (August 2006): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8850(06)60073-x.

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31

Myasoedova, Tatiana, Tatiana Mikhailova, Galina Yalovega, and Nina Plugotarenko. "Resistive Low-Temperature Sensor Based on the SiO2ZrO2 Film for Detection of High Concentrations of NO2 Gas." Chemosensors 6, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6040067.

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The SiO2ZrO2 composite films were prepared by means of sol-gel technology and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The presence of the stable monoclinic ZrO2 with an impurity of tetragonal phases is shown. The film surface is characterized by the presence of ZrOCl2·6H2O or ZrCl(OH)/ZrCl(OH)2 grains. The crystallite size negligibly depends on the annealing temperature of the film and amount to 10–12 nm and 9–12 nm for the films thermally treated at 200 °C and 500 °C, respectively. The film’s resistance is rather sensitive to the presence of NO2 impurities in the air at a low operating temperature (25 °C). Accelerated stability tests of the initial resistance showed high stability and reproducibility of the sensor based on the SiO2ZrO2 film thermally treated at 500 °C.
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32

Ma, Xiang Dong, Fei Lei Liu, Hui Zhang, Liu Jie Xu, Shi Zhong Wei, Ji Wen Li, and Guo Shang Zhang. "Preparation of Zirconia Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid –Water and Characterization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.630.

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Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared in ionic liquid BMIMBF4-water using zirconium salt (ZrOCl2•8H2O), urea as raw material by hydrothermal synthesis method. The structure and morphology of zirconia were characterized by XRD and TEM. The experimental results showed zirconia nanoparticles could be prepared at 170°C for 24 hours in a hydrothermal kettle. Its size was about 10-30nm and the particles dispersed uniformly, and had no agglomeration phenomenon.
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Moosavi-Zare, Ahmad, Mohammad Zolfigol, Shohreh Farahmand, Abdolkarim Zare, Ali Pourali, and Roya Ayazi-Nasrabadi. "Synthesis of 2,4,6-Triarylpyridines Using ZrOCl2 under Solvent-Free Condi­tions." Synlett 25, no. 02 (November 13, 2013): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1340088.

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34

Zhang, Zhan-Hui, Tong-Shuang Li, and Jian-Jiong Li. "Synthesis of enaminones and enamino esters catalysed by ZrOCl2· 8H2O." Catalysis Communications 8, no. 11 (November 2007): 1615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2007.01.015.

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35

Liu, Shu Xian, Qian Ping Wang, and Yi Miao Nie. "Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Properties of SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3 Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.321.

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The SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3 film is coated on the surface of stainless steel using analytical reagent TEOS, ZrOCl2•8H2O, Al(NO3)3•9H2O and Cr(NO3)3•9H2O as precursor and basing on mole ratio to calculate through Sol-gel method. The phase transformation behavior, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and abrasion resistance of ceramic coating by different heat treatment are studied. The results show that: 1) The SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3 gel coatings has non-crystalline structure after the treatment at 700°C and 800°C. New substance is not created below 700°C. 2) The stainless steel substrate with ceramic coating has a higher erosion resistance at high temperature (700°C and 800°C)than that without coating.3) Thermal shock resistance of the samples treated in 700°C is the best which has reached within 17-21cycles (900°C, air cooling). 4) The stainless steel substrate with ceramic coating has a higher abrasion resistance than that without coating. The samples treated at 700°C and 800°C have the best abrasion resistance.
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36

Jia, Qing Mei, Yong Hong Tang, and Ke Nan Meng. "Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Properties of SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3 Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.359.

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The SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3 film is coated on the surface of stainless steel using analytical reagent TEOS, ZrOCl2·8H2O, Al(NO3)3·9H2O and Cr(NO3)3·9H2O as precursor and basing on mole ratio to calculate through Sol-gel method. The phase transformation behavior，erosion resistance，thermal shock resistance and abrasion resistance of ceramic coating by different heat treatment are studied. The results show that: 1)The SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3 gel coatings has non-crystalline structure after the treatment at 700°C and 800°C. New substance is not created below 700°C 2) The stainless steel substrate with ceramic coating has a higher erosion resistance at high temperature (700°Cand 800°C)than that without coating.3) Thermal shock resistance of the samples treated in 700°C is the best which has reached within 17-21cycles (900°C, air cooling). 4) The stainless steel substrate with ceramic coating has a higher abrasion resistance than that without coating. The samples treated at 700°Cand 800°C have the best abrasion resistance.
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Chen, Yun Xia, Xing Yong Gu, Chun’e Cao, and Yang Huang. "Preparation and Characterization of ZrO2 Nanopowders for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.660.

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ZrOCl2•6H2O and Y(NO3)3 were used as raw materials to fabricated Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2(YSZ) nanopowders by hydrothermal method. The addition of Y2O3, different precipitants, different hydrothermal temperatures and times were studied. XRD and TEM were employed to characterize phase compositions, grain sizes and lattice parameters of the as-prepared YSZ nanopowders. The results show that less than 10nm and well crystallized cubic YSZ were obtained under a certain experimental conditions. Different precipitants affect the formation of precursors and final products. The addition of NaOH is benefit to the growth of YSZ crystals with the max grain size and the minimum lattice distortion among the three kinds of precipitants. Amorphous YSZ powders are obtained at lower hydrothermal temperature of 150°Cfor longer treating time of 6h. However, when the hydrothermal temperature is elevated at 180°C, well crystallized YSZ powders are prepared only treated for 2h.
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38

Wannapaiboon, S., and A. Rujiwatra. "Ammonothermal Preparation of Barium Zirconate Fine Powders." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.85.

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Barium zirconate fine powders of pure cubic phase were readily prepared from the reactions between BaCl22H2O and ZrOCl28H2O under ammonothermal conditions at a very low temperature of 130oC as the lowest. KOH concentration was important in determining phase formation and particle morphology. Reaction temperature and time showed influences on the evolution of particle morphology and aggregation formation, respectively. Sizes of the primary particles critically depended on the BaII:ZrIV mole ratio. Phase formation mechanism is suggested.
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39

Das, Vijay K., Subrata Das, and Ashim J. Thakur. "Protection and deprotection chemistry catalyzed by zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O)." Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 5, no. 4 (December 2012): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2012.677480.

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40

Sangshetti, Jaiprakash N., Siddique Akber M. K. Ansari, and Devanand B. Shinde. "ZrOCl2·8H2O catalyzed solvent-free synthesis of isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ones." Chinese Chemical Letters 22, no. 2 (February 2011): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2010.09.026.

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41

Abdullah, Mohammad, Triwikantoro Triwikantoro, Chairatul Umamah, and Herman Jufri Andi. "THE EFFECT OF PH AND CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON THE ZrO2 PHASE FORMATION FROM NATURAL ZIRCON SAND OF KERENG PANGI." Jurnal Neutrino 13, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/neu.v13i2.10507.

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In this research ZrO2 has been synthesized from Kereng Pangi zircon sand in Central Kalimantan through alkali fusion-coprecipitation method. Firstly, zircon sand (ZrSiO4) was purified to reduce impurities by magnetic separation, cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner, soaked/leached with HCl 2 M for 12 hours and leached with HCl at 60 ºC for 3 hours. Secondly, alkali fusion was done with KOH as an alkali. This product was then washed by water and dried before leached with HCl 30% at 90 ºC for 30 minutes to precipitate and seperate Silica from Zircon. ZrO2 filtrate (ZrOCl2) precipitated with NH4OH at pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10 forms Zr(OH)4 gel. Zr(OH)4 gel was dried and characterized by DTA-TGA, which was then followed by calcination based on DTA TGA results at temperature ranges of 550 ºC - 700 ºC to produce ZrO2. XRD results show that single tetragonal phase of ZrO2 is formed in all variations of pH precipitation and calcination temperature. An analysis using MAUD software show that crystal size reduces as the increase in precipitation of pH. The crystal size results are 110 nm, 66 nm and 48 nm at pH 4, pH 7 dan pH 10 at 700 ºC, respectively. Moreover, XRF results show that ZrO2 with purity is at around 95.8 % at pH 4 and 96.3 % at pH 7 and pH 10.
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42

Volodin, Alexander M., Vladimir O. Stoyanovskii, Vladimir I. Zaykovskii, Roman M. Kenzhin, and Aleksey A. Vedyagin. "The Features of a High-Temperature Synthesis of ZrO2 in a Core-Shell ZrO2@C Structure." Materials Science Forum 950 (April 2019): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.950.133.

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Zirconium oxide was obtained via traditional precipitation from a ZrOCl2 solution with ammonia followed by drying at 110 °C. The carbon-coated samples were synthesized by calcination of the pristine zirconia mixed with polyvinylalcohol. The obtained ZrO2@C samples of core-shell structure as well as the reference samples of pristine zirconia were calcined at different temperatures from 500 to 1400 °C. All the materials were examined by a set of physicochemical methods (a low-temperature argon adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, photoluminescence spectroscopy). It was found that the carbon coating prevents the sintering of the oxide nanoparticles, which allows one to maintain the specific surface area, the size of the oxide core and, finally, stabilize its phase composition. Transformation of the cubic phase into monoclinic phase becomes significantly complicated. Thus, 40% of the cubic phase was detected even after calcination of the ZrO2@C sample at 1400 °C. Moreover, the carbon-coated samples treated at elevated temperatures with subsequent removal of the carbon shell were found to possess the highest concentration of the defects related to a presence of the anion vacancies in zirconia.
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43

Mirzan, Mohamad, Akhmad Syoufian, and Karna Wijaya. "Physico-Chemical Properties of Nano ZrO2-Pillared Bentonite with Nickel as Supporting Metal." Nano Hybrids and Composites 30 (November 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.30.9.

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Bentonite was modified through intercalation and calcination using a ZrOCl2 pillaring solution. To create nano Ni/ZrO2-bentonite catalyst, ZrO2 pillared bentonite was impregnated using Ni(NO3)2•6H2O precursor first, then followed by calcination and reduction. The physical-chemical properties of the catalyst was characterized by XRD (X-ray Diffractometer), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), surface acidity with NH3 vapor adsorption method, SAA (Surface Area Analyzer) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The results of characterization with XRD showed specific peaks for montmorillonite minerals with a monoclinic crystalline type and its chemical composition (Ca)(Al,Mg)6(Si4O10)3(OH)6.nH2O and after pillarization showed a shift in basal spacing d001 to the left (angle 2θ <5°). The typical peak indicating basal spacing d001 shift towards a smaller angle of 2θ was not very apparent after impregnation with nickel metal. Qualitative determination of acidity after adsorption of ammonia showed characteristics at 1404-1635 cm-1 wavenumbers with increasingly sharp spectra indicating increased acidity of the catalyst (Brǿnsted and Lewis acids). Surface area showed a significant increase from 27.385 m2/g to 174.208 m2/g after pillarization and impregnation of nickel metal.
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44

Matsui, Koji, and Michiharu Ohgai. "Formation Mechanism of Hydrous-Zirconia Particles Produced by Hydrolysis of ZrOCl2 Solutions." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80, no. 8 (January 20, 2005): 1949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03077.x.

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45

Mogilaiah, K., A. Nageswara Rao, and P. Koteswara Rao. "ChemInform Abstract: ZrOCl2·8H2O Catalyzed Solvent-Free Friedlander Synthesis of 1,8-Naphthyridines." ChemInform 47, no. 15 (March 2016): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201615160.

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46

Wang, Bai Kun, Hao Ding, Yun Xing Zheng, and Ning Liang. "Preparation and Characterisation of Amorphous Silica from Alkali Wastewater Produced in Manufacturing Process of ZrOCl2." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2164.

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The amorphous silica was prepared from the alkali wastewater rich in Na2O•nSiO2 produced in manufacturing process of zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2). The composition and microstructure of amorphous silica were studied by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results showed that the amorphous silica was mainly composed of uncrystallized substance, and the silica content was 96.4%. Its whiteness was 97.5% and the particle size was between 100nm and 200nm without agglomeration. The specific surface area of the amorphous silica was 531.9 m2/g, and its pore volume and diameter were 0.945 cm3/g and 4.94 nm, respectively.
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47

Sun, Xian Kai, Quan Sheng Wang, Yan Bo Liu, Xian Jin Ning, and Can Wang. "Preparation and Properties of Sm2Zr2O7 Ceramics for Thermal Barrier Coatings by APS." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.478.

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Material of Sm2Zr2O7composition powder was synthesized by coprecipitation method using Sm2O3and ZrOCl2•8H2O as raw materials, and applied as ceramic topcoats of thermal barrier coating (TBC) by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The ceramics powder was prepared with proper distribution of particle size about 30-70μm by spray-dried method. Phase analyses revealed that Sm2Zr2O7coatings keeping the single phase with pyrochlore structure before and after the thermal cycling test. The thermally grown oxide at the topcoat-bondcoat interface and the formation of transverse crack were the major factors that lead to the coating failure on thermal cycling.
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48

Lovchinov, Konstantin, Rositsa Gergova, and Gergana Alexieva. "Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Nanostructured ZrO2 Films Obtained by an Electrochemical Process at Different Deposition Temperatures." Coatings 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070972.

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This article focuses on the impact of the deposition temperature (in the range from 60 to 80 °C) in ZrO2 films obtained by the electrochemical deposition process on SnO2-covered glass substrates. The solution in which the deposition takes place is aqueous, containing ZrOCl2 with a concentration of 3 × 10−5 M and KCl with a concentration of 0.1 M. By implementing X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, the temperature dependence of ZrO2 films properties was revealed. The X-Ray Diffraction XRD spectra showed six different diffraction maxima ((−111)М, (101)Т, (111)М, (112)М, (202)М, and (103)M) associated with the electrochemical ZrO2 layers, and the polycrystalline structure of the films was confirmed at all deposition temperatures. The determination of the average roughness did not indicate significant temperature dependence in the deposited layers. SEM micrographs showed that the layers were composed of grains, most of them of a regular shape, although their size increased slightly with an increased deposition temperature. The coarsest-grained structure was observed for the layers deposited at 80 °C. It was demonstrated that the deposition temperature weakly impacts the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the ZrO2 layers. Such layers with low values of specular and high values of diffuse transition, and reflection in the spectral range from 380 to 800 nm, can be applied to various optoelectronic devices such as thin-film solar cells.
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49

Wang, Bai Na, Yun Biao Duan, Jin Hu, Yu Tian Wang, Kai Jun Wang, and Ying Mei Tao. "ZrB2 Nano-Powders Prepared by Sol-Gel Carbothermal Reduction." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.3.

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Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) powders were synthesized by sol-gel carbonthermal reduction method using zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2·8H2O), boric acid (H3BO3), source (C12H22O11) and citrate (as chelation agent). The Zirconium diboride precursors were calcined at 1600¡æ for 2h, 3h and 4h under argon atmosphere. The precursors and sintered samples were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD and SEM. Results revealed that the ZrB2powders prepared at 1600°C for 4h exhibited quasi-tabular morphology with a small average crystalline size about 20μ. With respect to the conventional solid state method, the Sol-gel method route guaranteed a faster, easier and energy-saving process for obtaining nanopowders.
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50

Zhang, Fan, and Zhan Jie Wang. "Solvothermal Synthesis of Size-Controlled Lead Zirconate Titanate Particles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.27.

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Nanocrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powders have been synthesized by solvothermal method, in which a mixed solvent of ethanol and water was used as reactive medium and Pb (NO3)2, ZrOCl2·8H2O, C16H36O4Ti, KOH and NH3·H2O were used as raw materials. It was found that PZT particle sizes decreased from 2 μm to 100 nm with the ratio of Vethanol/Vwater increasing from 1/2 to 2/1 under a KOH concentration of 4 mol/L at 200 °C for 4 h. It indicated that the Vethanol/Vwater of mixed solvent played an important role in controlling the morphology and size of PZT crystals, as well as reaction temperature.
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