Journal articles on the topic 'Zoonotic desease'
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1
Biru, Desi, Annytha Ina Rohi Detha, and Diana A. Wuri. "KAJIAN PEMAHAMAN PETERNAK DAN PELAKU USAHA PRODUK PANGAN ASAL HEWAN TENTANG PENYAKIT ZOONOSIS DAN PENCEGAHANNYA DI KOTA KUPANG." JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER 6, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v6i2.934.
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Zoonotic desease transmission can happen in every stage of animal-orign food production, from farm to table. This study is counducted to evaluate the understanding of farmers and animal-origin food product enterprises about zoonotic diseases and their prevention in Kupang City. The study was conducted 6 region with 200 respondents from farmers, 30 respondents from buthcers, 30 respondents from meat distributors, 30 respndents from meat seller and 30 respondents from food industry. The result than analyzed by descriptive analysis and than presented in graphics and tables. The result shows that the understanding of farmers and animal origin food product enterprise in Kupang City about zoonotic diseases is low so that their behavior, in attempt to prevent zoonoses, is not maximal. In farmers, 87,5% of farmers do not have a proper check up for their animal’s health and 30,5% of them still consume meat from sick and dead animals. In butchers, 80% of butchers do not have a hand-washing facility, 86,7% do not have a seperated room for meat and visceral handling, 96,7% do not use a proper foot-wear when working, and 43,3% of them stil use water from the river or from gutters. In meat distributors, 90% of them only use bike as vehicle for the distribution. In meat sellers, 96,7% of meat sellers allow their customer to directly touch the product, 80% do not have a hand-whashing facility and 100% of them do not have a refrigerator as a storaging vacility. In food industry, 90% of them have a good cleaning behavior, wash their hand with flowing water and soap, and have a refrigerator as storaging vacility. It can be conlcuded that food industry is the only stage with good behavior in atempt to prevent zoonotic desease transmission.
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Aprea, Giuseppe, Silvia Scattolini, Daniela D’Angelantonio, Alexandra Chiaverini, Valeria Di Lollo, Sabrina Olivieri, Maurilia Marcacci, et al. "Whole Genome Sequencing Characterization of HEV3-e and HEV3-f Subtypes among the Wild Boar Population in the Abruzzo Region, Italy: First Report." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091393.
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent zoonotic pathogen, causing worldwide acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. HEV comprises eight genotypes and several subtypes. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV3 and HEV4) are zoonotic. In Italy, the most part of HEV infections (80%) is due to autochthonous HEV3 circulation of the virus, and the key role played by wild animals is generally accepted. Abruzzo is an Italian region officially considered an HEV “hot spot”, with subtype HEV3-c being up to now the only one reported among wild boars. During the year 2018–2019, a group of wild boars in Abruzzo were screened for HEV; positive RNA liver samples were subjected to HEV characterization by using the whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach methodology. This represents the first report about the detection of HEV-3 subtypes e and f in the wild boar population in this area. Since in Italy human infections from HEV 3-e and f have been associated with pork meat consumption, our findings deserve more in-depth analysis with the aim of evaluating any potential correlation between wild animals, the pork chain production and HEV human infections.
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dos Santos, Eliege Jullia Eudoxia, Rafaela Porto Azevedo, Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes, Josiane Moreira Rocha, George Rêgo Albuquerque, Amauri Arias Wenceslau, Flávia Regina Miranda, Dalia dos Prazeres Rodrigues, and Bianca Mendes Maciel. "Salmonella spp. in Wild Free-Living Birds from Atlantic Forest Fragments in Southern Bahia, Brazil." BioMed Research International 2020 (March 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7594136.
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Wild animals have an ecological function and can serve as sentinels to identify infectious agents and as indicators of environmental health. Among the zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella spp. deserve special attention due to their high worldwide prevalence and their ubiquity of hosts. With the aim of investigating the presence of Salmonella spp. in wild birds from the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil, we collected 114 fecal samples of wild birds (14 families) between 2016 and 2017. Fecal samples were collected by means of cloacal swab and subjected to microbiological culture to isolate and serotype Salmonella spp. specifically. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion test protocol. Only one bird, Ceratopipra rubrocapilla, tested positive for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Agona, which is the first record for this bird species. This isolate exhibited intermediate sensitivity to amikacin and gentamicin and sensitivity to the other 13 antibiotics tested. Results may indicate environmental preservation since the studied areas had minimal human activity and good sanitary quality. Despite the low prevalence, it is necessary to monitor wildlife and establish disease control and surveillance systems, especially for zoonotic diseases.
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Cortez Nunes, Francisco, Teresa Letra Mateus, Sílvia Teixeira, Patrícia F. Barradas, Fátima Gärtner, Freddy Haesebrouck, and Irina Amorim. "Molecular Detection of Human Pathogenic Gastric Helicobacter Species in Wild Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Wild Quails (Coturnix coturnix)." Zoonotic Diseases 1, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis1010005.
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Wildlife plays a major role in the maintenance and transmission of multihost pathogens. Several Helicobacter spp. have been described to have zoonotic potential; thus, human, domestic and wild animal interactions deserve more attention. In this study, the presence of the DNA of human pathogenic gastric Helicobacter species was determined in gastric samples collected from wild rabbits and wild quails during the national hunting campaigns in Portugal. Eleven out of the 12 wild rabbits (91.7%) and all six wild quails tested (100%) were PCR positive for one or more gastric Helicobacter species. In both animal species, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii and H. salomonis DNA were detected. In addition to these non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter spp. (NHPH), H. pylori DNA was also identified in gizzard samples of wild quails. These findings might indicate that wild rabbits and wild quails may act as reservoirs and contribute to the H. pylori and NHPH environment dissemination, causing both Public Health and One health concerns to arise.
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Kuznetsov, Seryodkin, and Maksimova. "GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES OF DOMESTIC RUMINANTS IN PRIMORSKY KRAI." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.169-172.
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The species composition of nematodes found during necropsies of cattle and small cattle in Primorsky Krai (Russian Far East) was determined. Mecistocirrus digitatus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Cooperia punctata and Ostertgia ostertagi were found in cattle. Trichostrongylus colubriformis was registered in sheep and Teladorsagia circumcincta was found in goats. Small cattle had low rates of intensity and extensity of invasion, apparently, because of antiparasitic treatment performed by animal owners. The intensity of invasion in cattle reached 827 specimens. All nematode species found in this study were previously registered in Primorsky Krai. However, helminthological studies of goats in Primorsky Krai have been conducted for the first time. Thus, the registration of T. circumcincta is the first detection of this parasite in goats in Primorsky Krai. Since two of the detected nematodes (T. colubriformis and T. circumcincta) were repeatedly recorded in humans in several countries, these species deserve a special attention as potential causative agents of zoonosis.
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Yu, Zhengqing, Yujia Lu, Wandi Cao, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Junlong Liu, Jianxun Luo, Ruofeng Yan, Lixin Xu, Xiaokai Song, and Xiangrui Li. "Nano DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Histone Deacetylase SIR2 Enhanced Protective Immunity in Mice." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101582.
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The pathogen of toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is a zoonotic protozoon that can affect the health of warm-blooded animals including humans. Up to now, an effective vaccine with completely protection is still inaccessible. In this study, the DNA vaccine encoding T. gondii histone deacetylase SIR2 (pVAX1-SIR2) was constructed. To enhance the efficacy, chitosan and poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic)-acid (PLGA) were employed to design nanospheres loaded with the DNA vaccine, denoted as pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres. The pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids were transfected into HEK 293-T cells, and the expression was evaluated by a laser scanning confocal microscopy. Then, the immune protections of pVAX1-SIR2 plasmid, pVAX1-SIR2/CS nanospheres, and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres were evaluated in a laboratory animal model. The in vivo findings indicated that pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres could generate a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response, as indicated by the regulated production of antibodies and cytokines, the enhanced maturation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression of dendritic cells (DCs), the induced splenocyte proliferation, and the increased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, this enhanced immunity could obviously reduce the parasite burden in immunized animals through a lethal dose of T. gondii RH strain challenge. All these results propose that pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids entrapped in chitosan or PLGA nanospheres could be the promising vaccines against acute T. gondii infections and deserve further investigations.
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Dalton, Harry R., Glynn W. Webb, Ben C. Norton, and Kathy L. Woolson. "Hepatitis E Virus: Time to Change the Textbooks." Digestive Diseases 34, no. 4 (2016): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444468.
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Until recently, hepatitis E virus (HEV) was thought not to occur in developed countries. It is now clear that locally acquired HEV is common in such settings. HEV infection acquired in these areas differs from that in developing countries in a number of important aspects: it is caused by genotype 3 (and 4 in China and Japan), it mainly affects middle-aged/elderly males and it is zoonotic with a porcine primary host. Pig herds worldwide are infected with HEV genotype 3 and HEV has been found in the human food chain in a number of developed countries. However, the route of transmission is not fully understood, since most cases are not obviously associated with pigs/pig products. HEV can be transmitted by blood transfusion and surprisingly high numbers of asymptomatic blood donors are viremic at the time of donation: Germany 1:1,200, Netherlands 1:2,671, England 1:2,848. Our understanding of the clinical phenotype of HEV infection in humans has undergone a sea-change in recent years. Previously, HEV was thought to cause only acute self-limiting hepatitis. However, HEV may cause persistent disease in the immunocompromised. Patients with chronic HEV infection have no symptoms, but some develop rapidly progressive liver cirrhosis. The full clinical spectrum of HEV is still emerging. HEV has important extra-hepatic manifestations, which deserve further investigation. For example, HEV can cause a wide range of neurological illness. In particular, very recent data suggest that Guillain-Barré syndrome and neuralgic amyotrophy are associated with locally acquired HEV in approximately 5 and 10% of the cases, respectively.
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Vizquerra B., Micaela, Felipe San Martín H., Iván Carbajal G., and Néstor Falcón P. "Percepción de los Estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria acerca de los Perros vagabundos y sus Estrategias de Control en Lima, Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 28, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v28i4.13877.
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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la percepción de los estudiantes de la carrera de medicina veterinaria (MV) acerca de la presencia de perros vagabundos y sus estrategias de control en Lima, Perú. Se elaboró un instrumento de auto-aplicación con preguntas de alternativas múltiples, de una o más opciones de respuesta y se aplicó en forma anónima a los estudiantes de MV de dos universidades de Lima. Se hizo una validación previa del contenido por jueces expertos (prueba de distribución binomial) y prueba piloto en estudiantes de MV de una tercera universidad, para evaluar la consistencia interna (prueba estadística alfa de Cronbach). Se analizaron 457 encuestas. El 36.5% de los encuestados perciben que los perros vagabundos en las calles tenían dueño. Los encuestados consideraron que los principales problemas que sufren estos animales eran desnutrición (86.7%), parasitosis (62.8%) y accidentes (54.9%), y los principales problemas que ocasionaban eran la reproducción no deseada (76.1%), zoonosis (47.9%) y ruptura de bolsas de basura (40.7%). Los estudiantes le atribuyen la responsabilidad de enfrentar el problema a la municipalidad del distrito (86.4%) y el Ministerio de Salud (60.6%). Para controlar el problema consideran las esterilizaciones (79.0%), adopciones (70.9%) y castraciones (60.8%) como las opciones más viables.
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Alamerew, Enyiew Alemnew, Erdachew Yitagesu, Alemnew Areaya, and Derib Aydefruhim. "Apparent prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and toxoplasmosis in aborted goat’s at North Shoa, Ethiopia." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 5 (November 16, 2022): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2022.002611.
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Abortion imposes great economical loss in productivity and by product of small ruminants. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of abortion and apparent prevalence of Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis and Q-fever in aborted goats from June 2015 to August 2019 in North Shoa, Ethiopia. During consecutive years of clinical case study 503 does were entered to mating, of which100 (19.5 %) animals aborted. There were significant differences (p=0.013) in abortion among parities. A total of 35 serum samples were collected from aborted does within six months periods. All samples were screened initially with Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) for Brucellosis. All RBPT positive were further tested by i-ELISA. Also, serums were tasted to screen specific antibody against Q-fever and Toxoplasmosis using i-ELISA. Of total tested 64.7 % and 8.6 % of them were positive for Q-fever and Toxoplasmosis, respectively, but neither of them was positive for Brucellosis. The present clinical study revealed that abortion was the cause of kids’ loss and serological investigation of antibody against Q-fever and Toxoplasmosis showed that the agents were the major causes of abortion. Even though there was no positive reactor does to brucellosis, the result must be interpreted with care since absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Beside of this, some samples collected from active cases were sero-negative for neither of tested antibodies; it indicated there was other cause/s of abortion in the study site. These interesting findings deserve further detail study by using more sensitive diagnostic test in order to examine the full extent of the problem in small ruminant populations. Also, an awareness-raising campaign should be launched to educate farm workers and professionals about proper preventive and control measures for such zoonotic diseases
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Shi, Qiqi, Congshan Liu, Lele Huo, Yi Tao, and Haobing Zhang. "Silencing TUBB3 Expression Destroys the Tegument and Flame Cells of Echinococcus multilocularis Protoscoleces." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182471.
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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by infection with the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis, is a neglected tropical disease and zoonosis that causes remarkable morbidity in humans and has economic importance in the livestock industry worldwide. The growth of this parasite resembles the invasion and proliferation of malignant tumours. Microtubules, especially the β-tubulin subunit in the exposed end, are the targets of many antitumour drugs. However, the role of TUBB3, which is the most studied isotype in solid tumours and is also a marker of biological aggressiveness associated with the modulation of tumour metastatic abilities in the growth and development of platyhelminths, is unknown. In this study, protoscoleces (PSCs) are cultivated in monophasic medium in vitro. Using electroporated short interfering RNA (siRNA), EmTUBB3 knockdown was performed with two EmTUBB3-specific siRNAs (siRNA-1 and siRNA-2). qRT–PCR was performed to detect the expression of TUBB3. PSCs viability and the evagination rate and number of body contractions were quantified under a light microscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the ultra-morphological changes of the parasites. After siRNA interference, the EmTUBB3 expression in E. multilocularis PSCs was significantly reduced. Reduced viability, a decreased evagination rate and a decreased number of body contractions were also documented. In particular, shrinkage and roughness of the tegument were observed. Ultrastructural changes included marked damage to flame cells, cracked cilia structures enclosed in the cell body and ruptured microtubule structures. EmTUBB3 possibly plays a crucial role in tegument and flame cell integrity in E. multilocularis PSCs. Novel drugs targeting this specific beta-tubulin isotype in E. multilocularis are potential methods for disease control and deserve further attention.
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Zilhadia, Zilhadia. "Kejadian Luar Biasa COVID-19, Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Secara Singkat." Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) 2, no. 1 (November 9, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/pbsj.v2i1.15456.
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Abstract: The world of health is totally horrendous with a disease that attacks internal breathing and can cause death. The cause of this disease was identified as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the desease called Corona Virus Desease 2019 (COVID-19). For the first time in the last two decades, a disease has an impact on the ideology, politics, economics, social, culture, psychology, defense and security of a country, and occurs globally. COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease with a mortality rate of 6,9%. Person-to-person transmission can occur through droplets or direct contact. COVID-19 will be transmitted massively if infection control is delayed or there is no adequate personal protective equipment for health workers. Confirmation of patients who are positive for COVID-19 requires a relatively long time because it requires a careful examination of RT-PCR with a limited number of devices in Indonesia. At present, there is no definitive treatment for COVID-19 even though several drugs are being investigated. To immediately identify patients and prevent further spread, doctors must be aware of travel or contact history with patients who have symptoms of COVID-19. Abstrak: Dunia tiba tiba dihebohkan dengan adanya sebuah penyakit yang menyerang pernafasan bagian dalam dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penyakit ini diberi nama Corona Virus Desease 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Untuk pertama kalinya sepanjang 2 dekade terakhir, sebuah penyakit berdampak terhadao ideologi, politik, ekonomi, social, budaya, psikologi, pertahanan dan keamanan suatu negara, dan terjadi secara global. COVID-19 adalah penyakit zoonosis dengan tingkat kematian mencapai 6,9%. Penularan dari orang ke orang dapat terjadi melalui droplet atau kontak langsung. COVID-19 akan menular secara masif jika pengendalian infeksi terlambat atau tidak ada alat pelindung diri yang memadai bagi petugas kesehatan. Konfirmasi pasien yang positif terkena COVID-19 membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama karena memerlukan pemeriksaan yang teliti yaitu RT-PCR dengan jumlah alat yang terbatas di Indonesia. Saat ini, tidak ada pengobatan yang pasti untuk COVID-19 meskipun beberapa obat sedang diselidiki. Untuk segera mengidentifikasi pasien dan mencegah penyebaran lebih lanjut, dokter harus mewaspadai perjalanan atau riwayat kontak dengan pasien yang mempunyai gejala COVID-19.
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Zang, Xiaoqi, Pingyu Huang, Jie Li, Xinan Jiao, and Jinlin Huang. "Genomic Relatedness, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Traits of Campylobacter jejuni HS19 Isolates From Cattle in China Indicate Pathogenic Potential." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (November 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.783750.
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Although campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic foodborne illness, high-risk isolates from animal sources are rarely characterized, and the pathogenic potential of zoonotic strains remains an obstacle to effective intervention against human infection. HS19 has been acknowledged as a maker serotype represented by Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolates from patients with post-infection Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is circulation in developed countries. However, a previous serotype epidemiological study of C. jejuni isolates in an animal population revealed that HS19 was also prevalent in isolates from cattle in China. In this study, to investigate the hazardous potential of zoonotic strains, 14 HS19 isolates from cattle were systematically characterized both by genotype and phenotype. The results showed that all of these cattle isolates belonged to the ST-22 complex, a high-risk lineage represented by 77.2% HS19 clinical isolates from patients worldwide in the PubMLST database, indicating that the ST-22 complex is the prominent clonal complex of HS19 isolates, as well as the possibility of clonal spread of HS19 isolates across different regions and hosts. Nevertheless, these cattle strains clustered closely with the HS19 isolates from patients, suggesting a remarkable phylogenetic relatedness and genomic similarity. Importantly, both tetracycline genes tet(O) and gyrA (T86I) reached a higher proportional representation among the cattle isolates than among the human clinical isolates. A worrying level of multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in all the cattle isolates, and two MDR profiles of the cattle isolates also existed in human clinical isolates. Notably, although shared with the same serotype HS19 and sequence type ST-22, 35.7% of cattle isolates induced severe gastrointestinal pathology in the IL-10–/– C57BL/6 mice model, indicating that some bacteria could change due to host adaptation to induce a disease epidemic, thus the associated genetic elements deserve further investigation. In this study, HS19 isolates from cattle were first characterized by a systematic evaluation of bacterial genomics and in vitro virulence, which improved our understanding of the potential zoonotic hazard from food animal isolates with high-risk serotypes, and provided critical information for the development of targeted C. jejuni mitigation strategies.
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Tolosa, T., W. Tigre, G. Teka, and P. Dorny. "Prevalence of bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis in Jimma municipal abattoir, South West Ethiopia." Onderstepoort J Vet Res 76, no. 3 (September 9, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v76i3.37.
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A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis was conducted from October 2007 to March 2008 in cattle slaughtered at the Jimma municipal abattoir. Cyst distribution and viability of bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis were also determined. A total of 512 carcasses were inspected of which 15 (2.93 %) and 161 (31.44 %) were infected with Taenia saginata metacestodes and hydatid cysts, respectively. From a total of 109 cysticerci collected from infected carcasses, 47 (43.12 %) were viable. The anatomical distribution of the cysticerci was, shoulder muscle (39.5 %), heart (33.9 %), neck muscle (13.8 %), tongue (10.1 %), masseter muscles (1.8 %) and diaphragm (0.9 %). Of the 1171 hydatid cysts collected 223 (19.0 %) were fertile, 505 (43.1 %) sterile, 49 (29.8 %) calcified and 94 (8.0 %) contained pus. A greater proportion of fertile cysts were found in the lungs than in other organs. It was concluded that these zoonotic cestodes deserve due attention to safeguard public health, and that further studies are needed on genotyping, epidemiology and public health importance of Echinococcus granulosus in the study area.
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Favole, Alessandra, Maria Mazza, Antonio D’Angelo, Guerino Lombardi, Claudia Palmitessa, Luana Dell’Atti, Giulia Cagnotti, et al. "RT-QuIC detection of pathological prion protein in subclinical goats following experimental oral transmission of L-type BSE." BMC Research Notes 14, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05859-3.
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Abstract Objective The spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent to small ruminants is still a major issue in the surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (L-BSE) is an atypical form of BSE with an unknown zoonotic potential that is transmissible to cattle and small ruminants. Our current knowledge of bovine atypical prion strains in sheep and goat relies only on experimental transmission studies by intracranial inoculation. To assess oral susceptibility of goats to L-BSE, we orally inoculated five goats with cattle L-BSE brain homogenates and investigated pathogenic prion protein (PrPsc) distribution by an ultrasensitive in vitro conversion assay known as Real-Time Quaking Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC). Results Despite a prolonged observation period of 80 months, all these animals and the uninfected controls did not develop clinical signs referable to TSEs and tested negative by standard diagnostics. Otherwise, RT-QuIC analysis showed seeding activity in five out of five examined brain samples. PrPsc accumulation was also detected in spinal cord and lymphoreticular system. These results indicate that caprine species are susceptible to L-BSE by oral transmission and that ultrasensitive prion tests deserve consideration to improve the potential of current surveillance systems against otherwise undetectable forms of animal prion infections.
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Papukashvili, Dimitri, Nino Rcheulishvili, Cong Liu, Xingyun Wang, Yunjiao He, and Peng George Wang. "Strategy of developing nucleic acid-based universal monkeypox vaccine candidates." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (October 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050309.
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Until May 2022, zoonotic infectious disease monkeypox (MPX) caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) was one of the forgotten viruses considered to be geographically limited in African countries even though few cases outside of Africa were identified. Central and West African countries are known to be endemic for MPXV. However, since the number of human MPX cases has rapidly increased outside of Africa the global interest in this virus has markedly grown. The majority of infected people with MPXV have never been vaccinated against smallpox virus. Noteworthily, the MPXV spreads fast in men who have sex with men (MSM). Preventive measures against MPXV are essential to be taken, indeed, vaccination is the key. Due to the antigenic similarities, the smallpox vaccine is efficient against MPXV. Nevertheless, there is no specific MPXV vaccine until now. Nucleic acid vaccines deserve special attention since the emergency approval of two messenger RNA (mRNA)-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in 2020. This milestone in vaccinology has opened a new platform for developing more mRNA- or DNA-based vaccines. Certainly, this type of vaccine has a number of advantages including time- and cost-effectiveness over conventional vaccines. The platform of nucleic acid-based vaccines gives humankind a huge opportunity. Ultimately, there is a strong need for developing a universal vaccine against MPXV. This review will shed the light on the strategies for developing nucleic acid vaccines against MPXV in a timely manner. Consequently, developing nucleic acid-based vaccines may alleviate the global threat against MPXV.