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Academic literature on the topic 'Zoonotic canine faecal bacteria'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zoonotic canine faecal bacteria"
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Albuquerque, Carolina, Davide Pagnossin, Kirsten Landsgaard, Jessica Simpson, Derek Brown, June Irvine, Denise Candlish, Alison E. Ridyard, Gillian Douce, and Caroline Millins. "The duration of antibiotic treatment is associated with carriage of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of Clostridioides difficile in dogs." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): e0245949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245949.
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Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of human antibiotic-associated diarrhoeal disease globally. Zoonotic reservoirs of infection are increasingly suspected to play a role in the emergence of this disease in the community and dogs are considered as one potential source. Here we use a canine case-control study at a referral veterinary hospital in Scotland to assess: i) the risk factors associated with carriage of C. difficile by dogs, ii) whether carriage of C. difficile is associated with clinical disease in dogs and iii) the similarity of strains isolated from dogs with local human clinical surveillance. The overall prevalence of C. difficile carriage in dogs was 18.7% (95% CI 14.8–23.2%, n = 61/327) of which 34% (n = 21/61) were toxigenic strains. We found risk factors related to prior antibiotic treatment were significantly associated with C. difficile carriage by dogs. However, the presence of toxigenic strains of C. difficile in a canine faecal sample was not associated with diarrhoeal disease in dogs. Active toxin was infrequently detected in canine faecal samples carrying toxigenic strains (2/11 samples). Both dogs in which active toxin was detected had no clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease. Among the ten toxigenic ribotypes of C. difficile detected in dogs in this study, six of these (012, 014, 020, 026, 078, 106) were ribotypes commonly associated with human clinical disease in Scotland, while nontoxigenic isolates largely belonged to 010 and 039 ribotypes. Whilst C. difficile does not appear commonly associated with diarrhoeal disease in dogs, antibiotic treatment increases carriage of this bacteria including toxigenic strains commonly found in human clinical disease.
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Arnaout, Youssef, Evelyne Picard-Meyer, Emmanuelle Robardet, Julien Cappelle, Florence Cliquet, Frédéric Touzalin, Giacomo Jimenez, and Zouheira Djelouadji. "Assessment of virus and Leptospira carriage in bats in France." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 20, 2023): e0292840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292840.
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With over 1,400 species worldwide, bats represent the second largest order of mammals after rodents, and are known to host major zoonotic pathogens. Here, we estimate the presence of pathogens in autochthonous bat populations. First, we set out to check our samples for PCR amplification efficiency by assessing the occurrence of inhibited PCR reactions from different types of bat samples with amplifying the housekeeping gene β-actin. Second, we investigated the presence of five targeted pathogens in a French bat population using PCR. We targeted viral RNA of Canine distemper virus, Alphacoronavirus, Lyssavirus, Rotavirus and bacterial Leptospira DNA. To do so, we screened for these viruses in bat faecal samples as well as in oropharyngeal swab samples. The presence of Leptospira was assessed in urine, kidney, lung and faecal samples. Results showed a frequency of inhibited reactions ranging from 5 to 60% of samples, varying according to the sample itself and also suspected to vary according to sampling method and the storage buffer solution used, demonstrating the importance of the sampling and storage on the probability of obtaining negative PCR results. For pathogen assessment, rotavirus and alphacoronavirus RNA were detected in Myotis myotis, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum bats. Rotaviruses were also detected in Barbastella barbastellus. The presence of alphacoronavirus also varied seasonally, with higher frequencies in late summer and October, suggesting that juveniles potentially play an important role in the dynamics of these viruses. Leptospira DNA was detected in M. myotis and M. daubentonii colonies. The 16S rRNA sequences obtained from Leptospira positive samples showed 100% genetic identity with L. borgpetersenii. Neither canine distemper virus nor lyssavirus RNA were detected in any of the tested samples. This study is the first to show the presence of Leptospira in autochthonous French bats in addition to coronavirus and rotavirus RNA previously reported in European autochthonous bats.
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Merino-Tejedor, A., P. Nejsum, E. M. Mkupasi, M. V. Johansen, and Annette Olsen. "Molecular identification of zoonotic hookworm species in dog faeces from Tanzania." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 3 (April 2, 2018): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000263.
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AbstractThe presence and distribution of various species of canine hookworms in Africa are poorly known. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to identify the hookworm species present in canine faecal samples from Morogoro, Tanzania, using molecular techniques. Faecal samples from 160 local dogs were collected and hookworm positive samples processed to recover larvae for further molecular characterization. DNA was extracted from pools of larvae from individual samples (n = 66), which were analysed subsequently using two different molecular approaches, polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and species-specific PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing. The PCR-RFLP technique detected only the presence of the ubiquitousAncylostoma caninumin the 66 samples. However, by species-specific PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing we identified ten samples withA. braziliense, two withUncinaria stenocephalaand five withA. ceylanicum. Thus, all four known species of canine hookworms were identified in Morogoro, Tanzania. To our knowledge this is the first report of the detection of the presence ofU. stenocephalaandA. ceylanicumin Africa using molecular techniques. In addition to their veterinary importance, canine hookworms have zoonotic potential and are of public health concern.
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Agresti, Andrea, Federica Berrilli, Michela Maestrini, Isabel Guadano Procesi, Enrico Loretti, Niccolò Vonci, and Stefania Perrucci. "Prevalence, Risk Factors and Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Sheltered Dogs in Tuscany (Central Italy)." Pathogens 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010012.
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In sheltered dogs, the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis is frequently high and may include potential zoonotic genotypes. The prevalence, genotypes and potential risk factors of G. duodenalis were assessed in 168 dogs from four kennels (Pistoia, Prato, Florence, Valdarno) in Tuscany, central Italy and compared with data from previous Italian studies. The prevalence of other intestinal parasites was also investigated. Individual dog faecal samples collected from each kennel were examined by parasitological techniques and a rapid immunoassay for the detection of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium faecal antigens. On Giardia-positive samples, molecular analysis was performed for genotype identification. Overall, 69 dogs scored positive for G. duodenalis (41%), but significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found among the four kennels and sampling seasons. The potentially zoonotic assemblages A and B and the canine-specific assemblage C (Pistoia: A-AII, B, C; Prato: A-AII, B; Florence: A-AII; Valdarno: A and C) were identified. Toxocara canis (8.9%), Trichuris vulpis (3.6%), hookworms (1.19%) and Cryptosporidium sp. (0.6%) were also identified. The high prevalence of G. duodenalis and the identification of potentially zoonotic genotypes in all examined kennels underline the need to improve routine parasite monitoring and control measures and to provide insights into the zoonotic potential of G. duodenalis.
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Afonso, E., and A. C. Goydadin. "Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) guano." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 10 (May 30, 2018): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001279.
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AbstractAlthough bats are increasingly recognised as potential reservoir hosts of human zoonotic pathogens, bacteria in bats are still poorly studied. To investigate the DNA faecal prevalence of the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, we sampled 23 lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) maternity colonies located in buildings (churches, barns) in rural villages of eastern France. A total of 552 faecal samples were collected from 278 individuals. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in the faeces of 63 individuals (22.7%). Such high prevalence might suggest persistent infection in bats and/or a frequent consumption of insect preys carrying bacteria. Faecal DNA prevalence varied highly among colonies but was not related to the colony size. Faecal DNA prevalence was the highest in the Jura Department, where the density of ticks is known to be the highest across the study area. Because the sampled bats live in close proximity to humans, we discuss how concerning the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA in bat guano is for humans frequenting places of worship that shelter bats. We also advocate future research to understand what a high faecal DNA prevalence in bat guano really implicates in terms of bacteria transmission.
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Ferreira, Ana, Ana Margarida Alho, David Otero, Lídia Gomes, Rolf Nijsse, Paul A. M. Overgaauw, and Luís Madeira de Carvalho. "Urban Dog Parks as Sources of Canine Parasites: Contamination Rates and Pet Owner Behaviours in Lisbon, Portugal." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5984086.
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Dog parks represent a recent trend in western countries, enabling owners to spend quality time with their pets in a controlled environment. Despite their growing popularity, few studies have been performed to date on these parks to investigate dog intestinal parasitic infections and soil contamination. The present study examined 369 faecal and 18 soil samples collected from 3 dog parks in Greater Lisbon, Portugal. Additionally, 102 interviews were performed with dog owners to assess dog-walking behaviours and parasite risk. In total, 33% of the faecal dog samples were infected with at least one parasitic agent: hookworms (16.5%), Cryptosporidium spp. (11.9%), Giardia spp. (11.4%), Toxascaris leonina (1.1%), Cystoisospora spp. (1.1%), Toxocara spp. (0.5%), and Sarcocystis sp. (0.3%). The soil of all the parks was contaminated with hookworm eggs. This is the first study performed in a European urban area to assess canine faecal contamination and parasitic agents in dog parks. Our results highlight the potential of these parks as a source of transmission for canine parasites, including some with zoonotic potential. Public awareness and effective preventive measures should be promoted to minimise the health-risk impact to both animals and humans, under the scope of environmental and public health.
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Kohansal, Mohammad Hasan, Asghar Fazaeli, Abbasali Nourian, Ali Haniloo, and Koorosh Kamali. "Dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites and their association with public health in Iran." Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0024.
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AbstractIntroduction:Dogs harbour zoonotic parasites that cause serious infections in humans, such as visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cystic echinococcosis, and alveolar echinococcosis. Studies on dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical locations are required to increase knowledge of the risk of canine zoonoses in human populations.Material and Methods:The presence of parasites was examined in 450 faecal samples collected from eight zones of Zanjan province, northwest Iran from June to November 2015. The samples were examined using the sedimentation concentration method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining.Results:Gastrointestinal parasites were found in 86 (19.1%) faecal samples.Sarcocystisspp. (7.3%),Taenia/Echinococcusspp. (5.6%),Toxocaraspp. (1.8%), andCystoisosporaspp. (1.6%) were the most common parasites observed. The other detected parasites consisted ofDicrocoelium dendriticum(0.7%),Eimeriaspp. (0.7%),Cryptosporidiumspp. (0.4%),Physalopteraspp. (0.4%),Giardiaspp. (1.3%), andSpirocerca lupi(1.3%). The lowest parasite infection rates belonged toTrichuris vulpisandAcanthocephalans(0.2% each).Conclusion:This study provides current information on the infection rates in dog populations in Zanjan Province. Furthermore, the study shows a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, including zoonotic ones and particularlyTaenia/Echinococcusspp., potentially transmissible to humans and thus relevant to public health.
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Vernerová, Eva, Nela Dvořáková, Vlasta Svobodová, and Jiří Bureš. "Factors affecting the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites and lungworm in dogs and assessment of antiparasitic drug use patterns." Acta Veterinaria Brno 91, no. 2 (2022): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202291020171.
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Dogs are hosts of parasites with different pathogenicities and zoonotic risks. The aim of our study was to assess factors that could affect the occurrence of endoparasitic infections in dogs using questionnaires for owners and examining canine faeces. Based on the responses of dog owners, we evaluated ways of the preventive and therapeutic use of antiparasitic drugs. One faecal sample was obtained from each dog (391 samples total), and then examined by flotation, larvoscopic, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We focused on zoonotic tapeworms Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia crassiceps. The answers in the dog owners’ questionnaires showed that owners most often dewormed their dogs irregularly (96.4%), namely, twice a year (24.3%). In coprological examinations the following parasites were detected: Giardia spp., Cystoisospora ohioensis complex, Neospora caninum/Hammondia heydorni, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Capillaria spp., Trichuris spp., Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma vulpis, Ancylostoma spp. and Taenia spp. A total of 4 out of 391 PCR investigated samples of faeces were positive for DNA of Taenia species. Sequences were obtained for 3 of them, confirming 100% identity with T. crassiceps. The zoonotic helminths Toxocara canis were the more prevalent species (9.3%, 4.3%, 1.9% group A, B, C). We consider the presence of T. crassiceps in 3 dog faecal samples to be serious due to its zoonotic potential. Data collected within this study showed that the prevention against endoparasites carried out at the breeders’ discretion is insufficient to ensure the health of their dogs or to cover the risk of zoonotic transmission.
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Ahmed, W., A. Goonetilleke, and T. Gardner. "Implications of faecal indicator bacteria for the microbiological assessment of roof-harvested rainwater quality in southeast Queensland, Australia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 56, no. 6 (June 2010): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w10-037.
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The study aimed to evaluate the suitability of Escherichia coli , enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens for assessing the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater and assessing whether the concentrations of these faecal indicators can be used to predict the presence or absence of specific zoonotic bacterial or protozoan pathogens. From a total of 100 samples tested, 58%, 83%, and 46% of samples were found to be positive for, respectively, E. coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens spores, as determined by traditional culture-based methods. Additionally, in the samples tested, 7%, 19%, 1%, 8%, 17%, and 15% were PCR positive for Aeromonas hydrophila lip, Campylobacter coli ceuE, Campylobacter jejuni mapA, Legionella pneumophila mip, Salmonella invA, and Giardia lamblia β-giardin genes, respectively. However, none of the samples was positive for E. coli O157 lipopolysaccharide, verocytotoxin 1, and verocytotoxin 2 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst wall protein genes. The presence or absence of these potential pathogens did not correlate with any of the faecal indicator bacterial concentrations as determined by a binary logistic regression model. The roof-harvested rainwater samples tested in this study appeared to be of poor microbiological quality, and no significant correlation was found between the concentration of faecal indicators and pathogenic microorganisms. The use of faecal indicator bacteria raises questions regarding their reliability in assessing the microbiological quality of water and particularly their poor correlation with pathogenic microorganisms. The presence of one or more zoonotic pathogens suggests that the microbiological analysis of water should be performed and that appropriate treatment measures should be undertaken, especially in tanks where the water is used for drinking.
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Brunton, L., J. S. Knapp, J. Heritage, and H. M. Miller. "A comparison of the gut microbiota in indoor and outdoor reared pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028702.
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The bacterial populations present in the porcine gut play an important role in pig health. A number of factors may influence these populations including diet, medication and environment. To identify what effects rearing environments have on the gut microbiota, this study compares the numbers of four common groups of gut organisms – enterococci, Bacteroides spp., lactobacilli and coliforms – in faecal samples taken from pigs reared either indoors or outdoors. The presence of three zoonotic bacteria – Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium difficile, and Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 -was also assessed to determine whether rearing environment might influence the threat of zoonotic infections.
Book chapters on the topic "Zoonotic canine faecal bacteria"
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Rubira, Inés, Luis Pedro Figueras, José Calasanz Jiménez, Marta Ruiz de Arcaute, Héctor Ruiz, José Antonio Ventura, and Delia Lacasta. "Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae Serotype 61:k:1:5:(7) a Host Adapted to Sheep." In Salmonella - a Challenge From Farm to Fork [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95513.
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Salmonella genus is widely distributed in nature and causes a spectrum of diseases in man and animals. Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae serotype 61: k: 1,5, (7) (SED) is a host adapted to sheep and its presence as saprophytic bacteria in sheep has been described in different countries. Several studies performed in abattoirs reported the presence of SED in healthy sheep in the intestinal content and also in the respiratory tract. In addition, this microorganism has also been isolated from nostril and faecal samples in healthy live animals. For this reason, this microorganism is considered well adapted to sheep, behaving normally these animals as asymptomatic carriers. However, SED has also been reported causing health disorders such as chronic proliferative rhinitis in adult sheep, abortions, testicular lesions in rams or alimentary tract disorders in young animals. The zoonotic potential of this microorganism is also discussed.