Academic literature on the topic 'Zoonosis Virales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zoonosis Virales"
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Sisa-Guambuguete, Jefferson Wladimir, Eduardo Antonio Cueva-Vega, and Mildre Mercedes Vidal-del-Río. "Zoonosis virales emergentes de impacto global." Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Salud y Vida 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.35381/s.v.v6i1.1735.
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Objetivo: Analizar las principales zoonosis virales emergentes y su impacto a nivel global en la presentación de epidemias y pandemias que afectan la salud humana. Método: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de 15 artículos de la base de datos PubMed. Análisis de los resultados: Considerando que, en la inmensa mayoría de los casos, la intervención o control en la fuente animal podría evitar problemas ulteriores de salud pública, se hace necesario considerar y desarrollar intervenciones integradas, que tengan en cuenta las causas que interactúan y son responsables de los problemas intersectoriales de salud. Conclusión: El impacto humano en la ecología y el clima, junto con un transporte más rápido entre países y regiones, han acelerado la aparición o reaparición de patógenos zoonóticos.
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ENRIA, D. A. M., and S. C. LEVIS. "Zoonosis virales emergentes : las infecciones por hantavirus." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 595–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.23.2.1501.
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Lorenzo, Consuelo, Gloria Tapia-Ramírez, Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar, and Jesús R. Hernández-Montero. "Zoonosis virales emergentes ¿Qué sabemos y qué desconocemos?" Therya ixmana 1, no. 3 (May 26, 2022): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya_ixmana-22-248.
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Después del surgimiento de la pandemia por COVID-19, se difundió información sobre otras enfermedades transmitidas al humano a través de animales (zoonosis). Pero ¿cuál es el panorama de estas enfermedades en el país? ¿México podría ser epicentro de un evento pandémico?
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Octavio-Aguilar, Pablo, and Oscar Antonio González-Granillo. "Pandemias virales: aspectos generales sobre tres zoonosis de importancia médica." Herreriana 5, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/h.v5i1.8564.
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La situación actual nos confronta con un problema de salud de proporciones globales, entender las implicaciones generales de una pandemia viral nos permitirá un mejor entendimiento de los procesos que las generan. En este trabajo se muestran aspectos históricos sobre el surgimiento de tres zoonosis virales pandémicas, además de los métodos estandarizados de diagnóstico y aspectos económicos y sociales relevantes para entender la repercusión que este tipo de padecimientos tienen sobre la humanidad. Si actualmente solo se conoce un 0.1 % de la diversidad de virus que afectan a los mamíferos, existe una alta probabilidad que la próxima pandemia se encuentre entre esos virus desconocidos.
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Benavides-Arias, Diana Mercedes, and Diego Soler-Tovar. "Evaluación prospectiva de las iniciativas en contra de las zoonosis de países de América Latina." Revista de Salud Pública 23, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v23n4.88717.
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Objetivo Evaluar comparativamente las iniciativas a escala nacional en contra de las zoonosis en países de América Latina mediante la adaptación de la evaluación prospectiva. Materiales y Métodos Se analizó la vigilancia de los eventos de interés en salud pública y medidas ejecutadas y se adaptó el método de evaluación prospectiva de Haegeman con cinco criterios: evaluación, pertinencia, eficacia, oportunidad y sostenibilidad; estos fueron especificados y aplicados de manera cualitativa para medir el logro y el efecto de cada una de las iniciativas, determinando la eficacia de manera objetiva y acortando el tiempo de comparabilidad. Resultados Los principales objetivos de los programas de zoonosis son reducir morbimortalidad, fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica y capacidad nacional. Los eventos vigilados se clasificaron en virales, bacterianos, parasitarios y acciones contra la mordedura por animal ponzoñoso y tenencia responsable de mascotas. Las medidas para controlar las zoonosis incluyen cinco actividades: promoción, prevención, diagnóstico, vigilancia y control. De los cinco criterios valorados, se infirió que las iniciativas siguen las recomendaciones de los reglamentos internacionales. Incluyeron colaboración intersectorial y corresponsabilidad social y fueron consecuentes con los objetivos planteados y sostenibles en el tiempo. Conclusiones La evaluación prospectiva evidenció que la pertinencia de los programas se ve reflejada en cómo los objetivos se enfocan en las necesidades de la sociedad frente a los riesgos de contagio de enfermedades zoonóticas. Las acciones implementadas de manera colaborativa apuntan a generar un impacto positivo con la sociedad y el ecosistema.
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Lorenzo Monterrubio, Consuelo, Tamara Rioja Paradela, Arturo Carrillo Reyes, Jorge Bolaños Citalán, Eugenia C. Sántiz, and Darío Navarrete Gutiérrez. "Enfermedades zoonóticas virales emergentes. Importancia ecológica y su evaluación en el sureste de México." Sociedad y Ambiente, no. 15 (November 1, 2017): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31840/sya.v0i15.1791.
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Es de gran importancia conocer y evaluar las enfermedades zoonóticas emergentes que existen en el sureste de México, ya que representan una amenaza significativa para la salud pública. Los cambios antropogénicos, por ejemplo, la deforestación, el establecimiento de monocultivos, el aumento de la urbanización y la densidad poblacional humana son responsables de la mayoría de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes zoonóticas. Pronósticos de eventos emergentes indican que en los países con ambientes tropicales (como México) existe una mayor diversidad de zoonosis transmitidas por animales silvestres, por lo que debemos contener y dar rápida respuesta ante posibles brotes de dengue hemorrágico y otras fiebres hemorrágicas virales (FHV). Es importante contar con datos actualizados de las posibles áreas de distribución y ecosistemas de las especies de mamíferos (en particular roedores y murciélagos) que potencialmente pueden ser reservorios o vectores de varias de las FHV, crear modelos con información base para contener brotes de FHV, así como determinar los cambios en los ambientes y la distribución de especies afectadas por actividades humanas.
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Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine, Wilmer E. Villamil-Gómez, Ali A. Rabaan, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales. "Una nueva zoonosis viral de preocupación global." Iatreia 33, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.85.
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Los coronavirus (CoV) en sentido amplio son un grupo de virus de ARN de cadena simple con envoltura. Estos pertenecen a la subfamilia Orthocoronavirinae, familia Coronaviridae, en el orden Nidovirales. Se clasifican en cuatro géneros: alfa, beta, gamma y Deltacoronavirus. Los dos primeros pueden infectar al ser humano (1,2). Los CoV son agentes patógenos que pueden ser transmitidos a los animales y al hombre; tienen una distribución mundial (3-5).
La infección por CoV en animales particularmente en bovinos, cerdos, perros, entre otros, es conocida desde hace muchas décadas; estos al infectarse pueden presentar diarrea; de modo especial las aves desarrollan compromiso respiratorio semejante a una bronquitis. Los coronavirus, singularmente los de tipo beta, son zoonóticos es por ello que una completa vigilancia epidemiológica debería incluir también a los animales ya que son hospedadores susceptibles (6). Lo último hace parte de las iniciativas de “One Health”, que promueve y fomenta el estudio integrado de la salud humana, animal y ambiental (7).
En estas patologías virales el papel de la cadena de transmisión animal-humano es de importancia, pero, como se ha observado con varios virus del género Betacoronavirus, también se da una transferencia entre humanos (1,8).
En los humanos los CoV pueden originar diferentes enfermedades, desde resfriados frecuentes, hasta otras más graves como el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (causado por el SRAG-CoV) y el síndrome respiratorio del oriente medio (causado por el MERS-CoV) (Figura 1). El SARS fue identificado por primera vez a finales del 2002 en Guangzhou (Guangdong, China), cuando provocó 8.422 casos y 916 muertes en 29 países de los cincos continentes, por consiguiente, se denominó la primera pandemia del siglo xxi (2,9,10).
Se destacan los que afectan a los humanos, en particular, los tres que pueden producir una patología severa y se incluye su origen geográfico en Asia. Fuente: creación propia
En investigaciones posteriores se demostró evidencias que el SARS-CoV se originó a partir de la transmisión del gato civeta del Himalaya (Civettictis civetta). Sin embargo, pueden existir otras especies de animales, principalmente murciélagos y mapaches, (Paguna larvata) que albergan el virus (8,11).
Por otra parte, el MERS-CoV originado en Arabia Saudita en el año 2012, rápidamente se extendió a varios países, notificándose en el continente asiático, africano, europeo y americano. Posterior a la identificación del virus, se confirmaron los vínculos epidemiológicos entre los casos de los humanos y los camellos (Figura 2), que dieron como resultado el aislamiento del virus (12-14).
Previo a estos CoV, se han identificado otros cuatro más que generalmente, causan enfermedad respiratoria leve o moderada, como son HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43 y HCoV-HKU1 (Figura 1) (5,9,15-17). En pacientes inmunosuprimidos como aquellos con infección por VIH/SIDA, pueden evolucionar, incluso, hasta la muerte, como se ha reportado recientemente en Sucre: un caso de coinfección con virus sincitial respiratorio humano (VSR) (18).
Un nuevo coronavirus, designado como 2019-nCOV, surgió en Wuhan, China, a finales del año 2019, causando manifestaciones respiratorias, digestivas y sistemáticas que afectan la salud humana. El susodicho virus pertenece a la familia Betacoronavirus, puede infectar neumocitos tipos 2 y células epiteliales bronquiales ciliadas. Adicionalmente, hasta el momento los datos plantean que los murciélagos son la causa inicial del brote actual de CoV (2019nCoV), que se originó en un “mercado húmedo o de alimentos marinos” (19-21). Este nuevo coronavirus, al 21 de febrero del 2020, ha causado ya casi 77.000 casos de infección y más de 2.200 muertes (< 3 %).
Estudios realizados han demostrado que son virus de ARN monocatenarios fáciles de mutar, lo cual aumenta la diversidad de especies y le da la capacidad de adaptarse rápidamente a nuevos hospedantes. Estos animales podrían amplificar el virus y propagarlo a través de las secreciones y heces. Los casos de SARS-CoV y 2019-nCOV son ocasionados por el contacto con animales obtenidos en un mercado.
La Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró al problema como una emergencia sanitaria de preocupación internacional y, además, le denominó “Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019” (COVID-19). Posteriormente, el Grupo de Estudio de Coronavirus le asignó al virus el nombre de SARS-CoV2 (2,22,23).
El enfoque de intervención de COVID-19 debe hacerse bajo la óptica de One Heatlh (7), esto si se tiene en cuenta que un animal tan importante como el murciélago (24), tenga pocos estudios de prevalencia para identificar la presencia del SARS-CoV2. Si se fortalece la vigilancia de estos animales podemos intervenir de manera importante, su ocurrencia en la población de humanos susceptibles, esto se puede lograr al entender que este COVID-19 es una enfermedad zoonótica.
Hay que fortalecer los sistemas de salud pública de los países integrando la comprensión de las relaciones entre el animal-hospedador, humano-susceptible y medio ambiente, un manejo único interdisciplinario, buena comunicación y coordinación, con unas políticas de salud pública robustas (25).
Por último, se ha realizado un gran esfuerzo para identificar los coronavirus en las poblaciones animales, con el fin de entender y controlar el riesgo de transmisión zoonótica. Lo que ha dado lugar al descubrimiento de numerosas especies en diferentes animales. El SARS-CoV2 es una zoonosis viral que, al 16 de febrero del 2020, no se ha confirmado en Colombia ni América Latina, sin embargo, múltiples casos sospechosos se han investigado y todos han sido descartados. Por esto, los profesionales de la salud, especialmente, los de la medicina humana y veterinaria, deben estar atentos ante esta nueva zoonosis viral que se originó en animales, pero que se transmite también entre seres humanos, principalmente por vía respiratoria (2).
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Peláez, Dioselina, Daniel Martínez-Vargas, Martha Escalante-Mora, Mariel Palacios-Vivero, and Lady Contreras-Gómez. "Infección simultánea por el virus de la hepatitis E y de otras hepatitis virales en Colombia y su caracterización genotípica." Biomédica 36 (December 4, 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v36i0.2957.
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<p><strong>Introducción.</strong> El virus de la hepatitis E se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Se conocen cuatro genotipos en mamíferos, de los cuales el G3 se ha encontrado en hepatitis autóctonas en países y regiones con gran población de cerdos, y el G1 se ha asociado a muertes maternas.<br /><strong>Objetivo.</strong> Determinar la infección simultánea con el virus de la hepatitis E y sus genotipos circulantes en Colombia en 1.097 sueros utilizando los marcadores serológicos de los virus de las hepatitis A, B y C.<br /><strong>Materiales y métodos.</strong> Se seleccionaron 1.097 sueros provenientes de diferentes municipios de Colombia, conservados en el Laboratorio de Virología del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se determinaron los anticuerpos IgG e IgM anti-hepatitis E. A los positivos se les amplificó el genoma viral mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional. Los productos se secuenciaron y analizaron filogenéticamente y se los comparó con las secuencias del <em>ORF2</em> registradas en el GenBank.<br /><strong>Resultados.</strong> Se identificaron 278 sueros positivos para IgG anti-hepatitis E, 62 para IgM y 64 para ambos marcadores. La infección simultánea con los virus de la hepatitis E y la hepatitis A determinada por IgG anti-hepatitis E fue de 33,6 % y por IgM anti-hepatitis E fue de 16,1 %; la infección simultánea por los virus de la hepatitis E y B fue de 23,4 % y 8,1 %, y por los virus de la hepatitis E y C fue de 35,4 % y 5,83 %, respectivamente. De las 52 muestras positivas en la reacción<br />en cadena de la polimerasa convencional, nueve secuencias se agruparon como genotipo 3a de origen porcino, cepa norteamericana.<br /><strong>Conclusiones.</strong> La mayor seropositividad se registró para las hepatitis A y E. La frecuencia de la infección simultánea con el virus de la hepatitis E y otros virus hepatótropos indica que este patógeno puede ser más frecuente de lo esperado. La circulación del genotipo 3a implica que esta enfermedad puede presentarse en forma de brote y de zoonosis en Colombia.</p>
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Brugere-Picoux, Jeanne, and Philippe Tessier. "Gastro-entérites virales des animaux domestiques et zoonoses." Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 194, no. 8 (November 2010): 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4079(19)32174-0.
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Salvetti, Anna, and Sylvain Baize. "Zoonoses virales et émergence : la recherche ne fait que commencer." médecine/sciences 31, no. 12 (December 2015): 1055–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20153112001.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Zoonosis Virales"
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Gutierrez, Ramona. "Caractéristiques virologiques et pathogéniques du virus H5N1 et son rôle à l'interface hôte-environnement." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20233/document.
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Le virus de l'influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (IAHP) de sous-type H5N1 a causé de nombreuses pertes humaines, animales et économiques à travers le monde, notamment en Asie du Sud-Est. Son potentiel pandémique est une source d'inquiétude majeure en santé publique. Au Cambodge, l'infection est enzootique, et a causé la mort de 16 personnes depuis sa première détection en 2004 dans le pays, dont 8 pour la seule année 2011. Bien que l'hypothèse de la transmission directe hôte-hôte (animal-animal ou animal-homme) soit privilégiée, de récentes études semblent clairement incriminer certains éléments constitutifs de l'environnement dans le cycle de transmission du virus. Cependant, peu de données sont actuellement disponibles sur le sujet. Le travail de cette thèse a consisté en grande partie à apporter quelques réponses aux nombreuses questions soulevées. Des méthodes de détection du virus H5N1 dans l'environnement ont été mises au point, validées, et utilisées pour la détection de virus dans des prélèvements environnementaux collectés sur des sites d'épizooties au Cambodge. Le rôle de passereaux, capturés pour la réalisation de certains rituels bouddhistes en Asie, dans la dissémination du virus aux populations aviaires et humaines, a également été étudié. En parallèle, des données importantes du mode d'évolution du virus H5N1 au sein d'hôtes aviaires, jusqu'alors inexistantes, ont été apportées par l'étude des quasi-espèces du virus. L'ensemble des résultats rassemblés dans cette thèse souligne l'importance du rôle de l'environnement dans la dissémination et la transmission du virus IAHP H5N1The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N1, has caused important human, animal and economical and losses in all countries affected, especially in Southeast Asia. Its pandemic potential is a major public health concern. In Cambodia, the infection is enzootic, and has caused 16 human fatalities since its first detection in the country in 2004, out of which 8 occurred in 2011. Although the hypothesis of direct host-to-host (animal-to-animal or animal-to-human) transmission is commonly accepted, recent studies clearly identified some environmental components as sources for avian and/or human contamination with H5N1 virus. Nonetheless, only few data are currently available on this topic. The work presented in this thesis aimed at better describing the role of the environment in the transmission cycle of the H5N1 virus. H5N1 virus detection methods in the environment were designed, validated and used for the detection of virus in environmental samples collected during epizootic outbreaks in Cambodia. The role of the Merit Release Birds, used during some common Buddhist rituals in Asia, in the dissemination of the virus to avian and human populations was also studied. In parallel, important and novel data regarding the evolution of the H5N1 virus within avian hosts were provided by quasi-species studies. The findings described in this thesis emphasize the relevance of the role of the environment in the dissemination and transmission of the HPAI H5N1 virus
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Souza, William Marciel de. "Caracterização genômica e evolutiva de vírus zoonóticos nas Américas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-26042018-173824/.
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O sequenciamento de alto desempenho, pela redução dos custos nos últimos anos, vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado para prospectar e identificar vírus. Estes métodos são extremamente mais sensíveis que outros métodos moleculares, e capazes de sequenciar genomas virais sem conhecimento prévio, clonagem ou isolamento. Neste estudo, utilizamos o sequenciamento de alto desempenho para conhecer, e caracterizar genomas completos de arbovírus isolados nas Américas, incluindo a prospecção de vírus em amostras de pequenos mamíferos do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Assim, sequenciamos e caracterizamos 44 Bunyavirales, 35 no gênero Orthobunyavirus, família Peribunyaviridae, oito no gênero Phlebovirus, família Phenuiviridae, e um orthonairovírus, família Nairoviridae. Entre os Bunyavirales identificamos uma provável nova estratégia de codificação da proteína não estrutural do segmento pequeno, e ainda identificados sete vírus que são reassortants naturais. Caracterizamos o genoma completo do vesiculovírus Piry, determinando sua relação filogenética com arbovírus pertencentes ao gênero Vesiculovirus, família Rhabdoviridae. Prospectamos novos vírus, os quais incluímos em três famílias, Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae e Hepeviridae. Na família Parvoviridae, identificamos 20 chapparvovírus endógenos e exógenos, oriundos de grande diversidade de hospedeiros vertebrados e invertebrados, e que representam uma nova subfamília, a Chapparvovirinae. Também, descrevemos onze novas espécies de Anelloviridae em roedores silvestres e marsupiais, fornecendo importantes informações sobre a diversidade, a taxonomia, e ainda ampliamos a gama de hospedeiros de anellovírus conhecidos. Por fim, identificamos e caracterizamos uma nova espécie de Orthohepevirus de roedores Sigmodontinae, nomeada \"Orthohepevirus E\". Acreditamos que estamos a fornecer relevantes informações sobre genômica, epidemiologia molecular, evolução e taxonomia de 45 arbovírus americanos, bem como sobre 13 novas espécies virais encontradas em pequenos mamíferos. Tais informações deverão dar subsídios para múltiplos futuros estudos visando compreender a importância destes novos vírus e a desenvolver métodos diagnósticos.In last years, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has been cost-effective and increasingly used for prospection and identification of viruses. These methods are extremely more sensitive than other molecular methods and are capable of sequencing viral genomes without prior knowledge, cloning or isolation. In this study, we used HTS approach to identify and characterize complete genomes of arbovirus isolated in the Americas, as well as viral prospection in samples of small mammals from São Paulo State, Brazil. Thus, we sequenced and characterized 44 viruses from Bunyavirales order, including 35 in Orthobunyavirus genus, family Peribunyaviridae, eight in Phlebovirus genus, family Phenuiviridae, and one in Orthonairovirus genus, family Nairoviridae. Among the Bunyavirales we identified a novel putative strategy for encoding the non-structural protein of the small segment, as well as we identified seven viruses that are natural reassortants. Also, we characterized the complete genome of the Piry vesiculovirus, determining its phylogenetic relationship with arboviruses belonging to the Vesiculovirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. On the other hand, we have prospected novel viruses, which included in three families, Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, and Hepeviridae. In the Parvoviridae family, we identified 20 endogenous and exogenous chapparvoviruses from a broad diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, representing a new subfamily, the Chapparvovirinae. Also, we have described eleven new species of Anelloviridae in wild rodents and marsupials, providing important information on diversity, taxonomy and even broadening the range of known anelloviruses hosts. Finally, we identified and characterized a novel species of orthohepevirus in Sigmodontinae rodent, named \"Orthohepevirus E\". We believe that we are providing relevant relevant on genomics, molecular epidemiology, evolution and taxonomy of 45 American arboviruses, as well as on 13 new viral species found in small mammals. Thus, these informations should provide support for multiple future studies to understand the importance of these new viruses, as well as to develop diagnostic methods.
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Temmam, Sarah. "Caractérisation des communautés virales de vecteurs & réservoirs de zoonoses : exemples des culicoïdes et de la viande de brousse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5004/document.
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Les zoonoses constituent plus des deux tiers des pathologies virales qui concernent l’homme. Le développement et la démocratisation des outils de métagénomique en font de bons outils d’inventaire et de surveillance de virus potentiellement émergents.Dans un premier temps j’ai développé et validé un protocole expérimental de purification des viromes à ARN qui permettait le maintien de l’infectivité des particules virales. Ce protocole a ensuite été appliqué pour caractériser les communautés virales d’arthropodes hématophages et de prélèvements de faune sauvage. J’ai par la suite réalisé l’inventaire des communautés virales de viande de singe fumée illégalement importée en France et confisquée par les douanes, qui a révélé la présence de nombreux bactériophages, dont certains pourraient infecter des bactéries potentiellement pathogènes pour l’homme.Enfin j’ai caractérisé les communautés virales de culicoïdes collectés au Sénégal, ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence la présence de nombreux virus géants à ADN infectant les amibes. Le séquençage des viromes à ARN a quant à lui révélé la présence d'un certain nombre d'arbovirus qui pourraient constituer un risque d’émergence pour la santé humaine. Du fait de nombreux facteurs intrinsèques et extérieurs à l’agent infectieux, la prédiction des futures émergences de virus zoonotiques est très compliquée voire utopique, mais elle reste un challenge crucial et d’actualité. La stratégie de réalisation d’inventaires des communautés virales présentes dans les différents acteurs des cycles de transmission zoonotique est un premier pas indispensable dans la connaissance des risques potentiels d’émergence en population humaineZoonoses are responsible of more than two thirds of human viral infections. The development of high-throughput sequencing tools and their application in metagenomics allow inventorying the viral communities of various reservoirs in order to detect the emergence of viruses before their infection to humans. In this context, I characterized the viral communities of simian bushmeat illegally imported into France and of Culicoides biting midges, recognized vectors of several viruses of human and veterinary medicine importance. I have first developed a protocol for the purification of RNA viromes which allowed maintaining the infectivity of viral particles. This protocol was subsequently applied to characterize viral communities of bloodsucking arthropods and wildlife samples. In a second part I realized the inventory of viral communities of smoked simian bushmeat illegally imported into France and confiscated by the French customs. This study revealed the presence of a wide diversity of bacteriophages, in which some of them could infect bacteria potentially pathogenic for humans.Finally I characterized the viral communities of Culicoides biting midges collected in Senegal, which revealed the presence of sequences related to several giant DNA viruses infecting amoeba. Sequencing of the RNA virome revealed the presence of several arboviruses that could constitute a risk of emergence of zoonoses for humans.The prediction of future emerging zoonotic viruses is very difficult, if not impossible. However the characterization of viral communities present in the different actors of zoonotic transmission cycle is a first step to evaluate potential risks of transmission to humans
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Zakhour, Maha. "Spécificité glycannique des souches de norovirus (NoVs) humaines et animales : apport pour l'évaluation du risque de transmission inter-espèce." Nantes, 2009. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=a1c82951-5468-4ac7-8c68-c1768cd55ffe.
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Les norovirus (NoVs) responsables de la majorité des gastroentérites virales se divisent en 7 génogroupes GI à GVII. Les génogroupes GI, GIV, GVI et GVII regroupent les souches humaines, le génogroupe GII les souches humaines et porcines et les génogroupes GIII et GV respectivement les souches bovines et murines. La fixation des NoVs humains sur les antigènes tissulaires de groupe sanguin (HBGAs) constitue la première étape de l'infection. Des NoVs porcins et bovins dont les séquences sont très voisines des séquences des NoVs humains ont été identifiés suggérant que ces animaux pourraient constituer un réservoir pour l’homme, d'autant que ces animaux présentent des HBGAs à la surface de leurs cellules épithéliales. En effet, il est admis que la présence de récepteurs partagés par différentes espèces augmente le risque de transmission inter-espèce, Nous nous sommes donc proposés d'étudier les récepteurs sur les cellules humaines, porcines, bovines et de l’huître, des NoVs humains GI. 1 et GII. 4, des NoV bovins GIII. 2 et NoV porcins GII. 11. Nous avons ainsi caractérisé l’expression des HBGAs le long du tube digestif des bovins, du porc et de l’huître, et étudié la fixation des NoVs humains et animaux sur les tissus de ces animaux. Nous avons caractérisé chez le bovin le ligand cellulaire du NoV GIII. 2 aboutissant à la conclusion que l’homme ne peut être infecté par ce virus du fait de la perte totale de l'expression de ce ligand. Nous avons aussi démontré que certaines souches humaines peuvent trouver leur ligand chez le porc et le bovin soulignant la possibilité de co-infection de ces espèces qui pourraient être à l'origine de l'émergence de nouvelles souches zoonotiquesNoroviruses (NoVs), most common etiological agent of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, are divided into 7 genogroups GI to GVII. Genogroups GI, GIV, GVI and GVII contain human strains, the genogroup GII human and porcine strains, and genogroups GIII and GV bovine and mouse respectively. Binding of NoVs to human blood group antigens (HBGAs) constitute the first step of infection. Pigs and cattle noroviruses whose sequences are very similar to human noroviruses sequences have been identified, suggesting that these animals might constitute a reservoir for humans, as these animals present HBGAs on the surface of their epithelial cells. Indeed, it is known that the presence of receptors shared by different species increases the risk of cross-species transmission. We therefore proposed to study the binding of human NoVs GI. 1 and GII. 4, bovine NoV GIII. 2 and porcine NoV GII. 11 on human, pig, bovine and oysters tissues. We have characterized along the digestive tract of cattle, pig and oyster the expression of HBGAs and we studied the binding of human, porcine and bovine noroviruses on human and animal tissues. We have characterized the cellular ligand of the bovine noroviruses GIII. 2 leading to the conclusion that humans cannot be infected by this virus because of the total loss of expression of this ligand. We also demonstrated that some human strains can find their ligand in pigs and cattle suggesting the possibility of co-infection of these species that could be responsible for the emergence of new zoonotic strains
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Baker, Kate Susan. "The African straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, as a reservoir host for viral zoonoses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607853.
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Golovljova, Irina. "Viral zoonoses in Estonia : hantaviruses and tick-borne encephalitis virus : identification, prevalence, serological and genetic relationships /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-664-6/.
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Néel, Cécile. "Epidémiologie du virus de l'immunodéficience simienne chez les gorilles : prévalence et transmission du SIVgor chez les gorilles en milieu naturel au Cameroun." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20095/document.
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Les SIV infectant les chimpanzés et les gorilles sont les précurseurs des virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1. Les quatre groupes du VIH-1 sont le résultat de quatre transmissions virales des grands singes à l'Homme. Des méthodes non invasives ont permis d'identifier le réservoir des VIH-1 M et N dans deux communautés de chimpanzés (Ptt) au Cameroun et de montrer que les gorilles (Ggg) sont infectés par un SIV proche des VIH-1 O et P. Si le SIVgor n'a jamais été détecté chez les chimpanzés, la phylogénie montre que les Ptt ont transmis ce virus aux gorilles. Par une méthode pluridisciplinaire, nous avons étudié les caractéristiques de l'infection SIVgor en milieu naturel. Nous avons prospecté 13 sites au Cameroun et 2 en RCA. Au total, 2120 fèces de gorilles et 442 de chimpanzés ont été collectées. L'infection SIVgor a été détectée dans 3 sites Camerounais et les prévalences varient entre 3,2% et 4,6%, résultats plus faibles que ceux retrouvés chez les chimpanzés. Nous avons ensuite montré que plusieurs groupes sociaux de Ggg dont les domaines vitaux se chevauchent sont infectés et que les prévalences SIV dans les groupes peuvent dépasser 25%. Les virus touchant les gorilles du même groupe sont génétiquement proches montrant des liens épidémiologiques. Enfin, un suivi de l'infection réalisé de 2004 à 2009 sur un site a permis de découvrir un foyer d'infection, 2 cas de séroconversions et de retrouver une femelle gorille infectée à 5 ans d'intervalle. Dans ce site, la prévalence SIV est stable et le nombre de femelles infectées est plus important que le nombre de mâles. La structure sociale des gorilles et leur comportement peuvent alors expliquer en partie la répartition et la prévalence du SIVgor, ainsi que les différences avec l'infection chez les chimpanzés.Cette étude multidisciplinaire montre la faisabilité du suivi de l'infection SIV chez les gorilles en milieu naturel. Si le SIVgor est pathogène, le suivi pourra s'avérer essentiel chez cette espèce menacée d'extinctionSIV infecting chimpanzees and gorillas are the precursors of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. The four groups of HIV-1 are the results of four different viral transmissions from apes to humans. Using non invasive methods we discovered the reservoir of HIV-1 M and N in two communities of chimpanzees (Ptt) in Cameroon and found that Gorillas (Ggg) are infected by a SIV close to HIV-1 O and P. While SIVgor has not yet been detected in chimpanzees, phylogeny shows that Ptt transmitted this virus to Ggg. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we studied the characteristics of the infection in wild living gorillas. We prospected 13 sites in Cameroon and 3 in CAR. 2120 fecal samples of gorillas and 442 of chimpanzees were collected. SIVgor infection was detected in 3 sites in Cameroon and the prevalence ranges from 3.2% to 4.6%, lower than in chimpanzees. Several social groups of gorillas with overlapping home-ranges were infected and the prevalence within group could exceed 25%. Viruses of the same group are genetically close, showing epidemiologic links. In a follow up study between 2004 and 2009 on one site, we discovered a focus of infection with 2 cases of seroconvertion and we re-sampled one infected female 5 years after. In this site, the prevalence of SIVgor is stable and the number of infected females is higher than the males. The social structure of gorillas and their behavior can partly explain for the repartition and prevalence of SIVgor, as well as the differences with the infection in chimpanzees. This multidisciplinary study proves the feasibility of a follow up study in wild living gorillas. If SIVgor turns out to be pathogenic, a follow up will be essential for this endangered species
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Pina, Pedrero Sonia. "Detección y caracterización de virus patógenos humanos en muestras ambientales y moluscos bivalvos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2380.
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El hombre excreta una gran cantidad de virus a través de las heces y la orina, que llegan al medio acuático y se dispersan. Su gran estabilidad hace que en muchas ocasiones los procesos de depuración actualmente aplicados no consigan eliminarlos completamente. La ingestión de agua o alimentos contaminados puede provocar una gran diversidad de enfermedades, incluso con dosis infecciosas muy bajas. En este estudio se ha desarrollado una metodología para la recuperación de partículas víricas a partir de muestras de agua, suspensiones fecales y moluscos bivalvos, basados en la elución de los virus a partir del material particulado, utilizando tapón glicina a pH 9,5-10 y concentración por ultracentrifugación o ultrafiltración. Dicha metodología fue aplicada para evaluar la contaminación vírica del medio acuático del área metropolitana de Barcelona, que representa una población de aproximadamente dos millones de personas.
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Lopes, Isabela Ferreira. "Epidemiologia e controle da raiva bovina nos municípios da região de Rondonópolis - Estado de Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-01122009-104020/.
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Realizou-se um estudo sobre a ocorrência da raiva bovina em 17 municípios que fazem parte da Unidade Regional de Supervisão de Rondonópolis do Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso - INDEA/MT. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a situação epidemiológica da doença com a finalidade de repensar as ações de atenção e vigilância epidemiológica. Foram analisados 70 Formulários de Investigação de Doenças (Inicial) (Form-in) da Coordenadoria de Controle das Doenças dos Animais do INDEA/MT, período correspondente de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2007. Informações complementares foram obtidas junto ao Conselho Regional de Medicina Veterinária do Estado de Mato Grosso e banco de dados do IBGE. Verificou-se que a doença apresentou de forma endêmica entre os municípios, com pequena variação anual no número de casos. O maior porcentual dos casos ocorreu no mês de janeiro e julho, em animais com idade entre quatro a 12 meses e em propriedades com efetivo bovino superior a 500 cabeças no rebanho. Além disso, não existiu correlação entre densidade de bovinos com casos de raiva. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se a importância da manutenção das atividades de educação sanitária, o credenciamento ou incremento do diagnóstico laboratorial de raiva no estado, melhora das atividades de cadastramento e monitoramento dos abrigos e refúgios de morcegos hematófagos e o combate aos morcegos hematófagos, além da vacinação do gado bovino nas regiões endêmicas da raiva.Study on the occurrence of bovine rabies was carried out in seventeen municipalities that are part of the Unidade Regional de Supervisão (Regional Unit of Supervision) of the Rondonópolis belonging to the Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária of the state of Mato Grosso. The objective of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of the disease in order to rethink the actions of care and epidemiological surveillance. Seventy forms named as Formulários de Investigação de Doenças (Inicial) (Form-in), pertaining to the Coordenadoria de Controle das Doenças dos Animais of the INDEA/MT were analyzed, corresponding to the period of January 2003 to December 2007. Additional information was obtained from the Conselho Regional de Medicina Veterinária of the state of Mato Grosso and database of the IBGE. It was found that the disease had been endemic among the municipalities, with small annual variation in the number of cases. The higher percentages of cases occurred in January and July, in four to twelve year-old animals, in properties with the number of cattle greater than five hundred animals in the herd. Furthemore, there was no correlation between the cattle density and the occurrence of rabies. From these results, we conclude that it is important to keep maintaining the activities of health education, the accreditation or incrementation of laboratorial diagnosis of rabies in the state, amelioration of the activities of registration, monitoring of shelters and refuges of the vampire bats and bats control, besides the cattle vaccination in rabies endemic regions.
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Van, Eeden Charmaine. "Investigation of viral causes of undiagnosed neurological disease in animals and their zoonotic risk to humans in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33084.
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Every year thousands of cases of neurological disease go undiagnosed largely due to the vast number of potential causes, especially neglected are those thought to be of viral origin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentially novel causes of undiagnosed neurological disease in horses. An arbitrarily primed PCR was developed which allowed for the identification of unknown agents from cell culture and as well as tissue specimens. Shuni virus (SHUV) was identified in a cell culture isolate from a horse that had displayed severe neurological signs. This little known orthobunyavirus, had not been well studied since its discovery in the 1960’s and thus the focus became to further elucidate the role SHUV may play in neurological disease in South Africa.
Two SHUV specific assays were developed and employed in a five year epidemiologic study. 497 horses and 143 other animals submitted to our surveillance program with febrile and neurological disease were screened for the presence of SHUV. 13 SHUV cases were identified, nine in horses and four in wildlife species. In horses symptoms ranged from mild febrile illness to severe neurological disease, where 45% of animals either died or were euthanized on humane grounds. All wildlife cases presented with paralysis, all cases proved fatal.
A genome was amplified and characterised and SHUV’s (SAE 18/09) relationship to the prototype SHUV isolate and the Simbu serogroup fully clarified. Of significance was the finding that the prototype isolate’s sequence differed from SAE 18/09 at one of the M segment cleavage sites, such changes are known to affect pathogenicity. Finally due to the zoonotic potential of SHUV, a serological survey was conducted on veterinarians, to determine whether they may be at increased level of exposure due to occupational risk. WNV was used in comparison as zoonotic transmission of this virus had been documented and multiple studies conducted to analyse its sero-prevalance. 12.5% of veterinarians were found to have neutralizing antibodies to WNV and 4% to SHUV, these values correlate with what is seen in equine studies (WNV 8.7% - SHUV 1.9%), highlighting the zoonotic potential of these pathogens.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Medical Virology
PhD
Unrestricted
Books on the topic "Zoonosis Virales"
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Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos, Livia Melo Villar, Luciane Almeida Amado Leon, Monick Lindenmeyer Guimarães, Sylvia Lopes Maia Teixeira, and Vanessa Salete de Paula, eds. Tópicos em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Coleção Bio | Editora FIOCRUZ, 2023.
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W, Beran George, ed. Viral [zoonoses]. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1994.
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Malik, Yashpal Singh, Raj Kumar Singh, and Kuldeep Dhama, eds. Animal-Origin Viral Zoonoses. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2651-0.
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Kaaden, Oskar-Rüger, Claus-Peter Czerny, and Werner Eichhorn, eds. Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6534-8.
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Calisher, Charles H., and Diane E. Griffin, eds. Emergence and Control of Zoonotic Viral Encephalitides. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0572-6.
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Evermann, James F. Laboratory diagnosis of zoonotic infections: Viral, rickettsial, and parasitic agents obtained from food animals and wildlife. Edited by Garcia Lynne Shore, Stone Diana M, and Inzana Thomas J. Washington, D.C: American Society for Microbiology, 1999.
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-R, Kaaden O., Czerny C. -P, Eichhorn W, and Munich Symposium on Microbiology (9th : 1997 : Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich), eds. Viral zoonoses and food of animal origin: A re-evaluation of possible hazards for human health. Wien: Springer, 1997.
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Beran, George W. Handbook of Zoonoses, Section B: Viral Zoonoses. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Beran, George W. Handbook of Zoonoses, Section B: Viral Zoonoses. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Beran, George W. Handbook of Zoonoses, Section B: Viral Zoonoses. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Zoonosis Virales"
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Weese, J. Scott, and Martha B. Fulford. "Viral Diseases." In Companion Animal Zoonoses, 241–74. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958957.ch3.
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Shah, Mira. "Krankheit zur Evolution. Der Planet der Affen und das Potenzial der pandemischen Zoonose." In Medical Humanities, 383–96. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839471975-026.
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Die Filme des Planet-der-Affen-Reboots thematisieren seit 2011 den Wandel im Speziesverhältnis von Menschen und Affen auf unserem Planeten über eine virale Erkrankung. Der Beitrag von Mira Shah geht dieser Elaboration des bereits in der Romanvorlage von Pierre Boulle angelegten Themas nach. Er arbeitet dabei heraus, wie diese Inszenierung einer globalen Pandemie als 'Krankheit zur Evolution' sowohl an Kultur- und Medientheorien des Viralen andockt, als auch das anthropozäne, narrative und evolutionstheoretische Potenzial der Zoonose thematisiert, wie es in aktuellen Diskursen aufgenommen wird.
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Milton, Arockiasamy Arun Prince, Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya, Sandeep Ghatak, and Samir Das. "Viral Zoonoses: Wildlife Perspectives." In Livestock Diseases and Management, 339–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2651-0_15.
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Ghatak, Sandeep, Arockisamy Arun Prince Milton, and Samir Das. "Drivers of Emerging Viral Zoonoses." In Livestock Diseases and Management, 313–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2651-0_14.
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Pavio, Nicole, and Jérôme Bouquet. "ZOONOTIC HEPATITIS E." In Viral Infections and Global Change, 445–65. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118297469.ch24.
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Bauer, K. "Foot-and-mouth disease as zoonosis." In Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin, 95–97. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6534-8_9.
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Dalton, Harry R., Jacques Izopet, Malcolm Banks, Richard Bendall, and Nassim Kamar. "Hepatitis E: The Commonest Viral Zoonosis Worldwide?" In Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals, 915–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9457-2_37.
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Cheetham, Sonia, and Wanda Markotter. "Bats as Reservoirs of Viral Zoonoses." In 50 Years of Bat Research, 313–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1_19.
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Vernet, Guy. "Diagnosis of zoonotic viral encephalitis." In Emergence and Control of Zoonotic Viral Encephalitides, 231–44. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0572-6_21.
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Mahapatra, Chayna Singha. "Hantaviruses as Emergent Zoonoses: A Global Threat." In Emerging Human Viral Diseases, Volume I, 377–400. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2820-0_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Zoonosis Virales"
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Souza, Isaias Sena Moraes. "FATORES RELACIONADOS ÀS ZOONOSES EMERGENTES: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Parasitologia Humana On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/903.
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Introdução: As zoonoses são comorbidades naturalmente transmissíveis entre os animais e o homem, causadas por vírus, bactérias, protozoários, fungos, helmintos ou príons. Essas enfermidades são de grande relevância pública, pois podem ameaçar a economia, segurança e a saúde global, uma vez que representam 60.3% das doenças que acometem os humanos. Objetivo: Abordar os principais fatores relacionados à emergência de zoonoses no âmbito global e possíveis medidas preventivas para sua contenção. Material e métodos: Pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO de artigos científicos que tratam sobre a emergência de zoonoses e fatores intensificadores. Foram incluídos os termos “zoonoses, globalização, microrganismos”. Resultados: Conforme a humanidade e a revolução técnico-científica expandiam-se, o mundo tornou-se mais globalizado. As relações intraespecíficas entre pessoas de todo o globo e interespecíficas, entre humanos e outras espécies, elevaram-se através de fatores, como: a expansão da pecuária; domesticação e interação com animais selvagens; alimentação exótica; alterações demográficas e comportamentais, além do comércio e viagens internacionais. Os fatos enunciados levaram ao aumento da susceptibilidade da população e da transmissão de doenças, que, por sua vez, ocasionaram na emergência e reemergência de doenças infecciosas. A dificuldade em desenvolver vacinas para as comorbidades existentes, adaptação de microrganismos e a pobreza de países subdesenvolvidos, apresentam-se como agentes impulsionadores diferenciais. No último século, é possível destacar enfermidades como: ebola; febre amarela; tuberculose; SARS; Zika e dengue, que levaram a grandes perdas econômicas e humanas. A detecção precoce de patógenos, presença de uma rede informativa internacional, vigilância de variantes virais e bacterianas resistentes, formulação de estratégias de contenção, ademais, recursos globais bem distribuídos, são pontos-chave para uma prontaresposta eficaz. Conclusão: A globalização e o contato interespecífico ocorrem de modo contínuo. A possibilidade do surgimento ou reemergência de comorbidades com potencial de causar pandemias, está sempre presente, sendo necessária, portanto, a realização de esforços globais de identificação e contenção.
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Kurashova, S., M. Egorova, A. Vetrova, R. Teodorovich, A. Ishmukhametov, E. Tkachenko, and T. Dzagurova. "IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF ADJUVANTS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL HANTAVIRUS VACCINE." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-96.
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Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a viral non-transmissible zoonosis that occupies a leading position among natural focal human diseases in the Russian Federation. In view of the lack of etiotropic drugs for the treatment of this infection, the development of an effective preventive vaccine is of particular importance. In order to reduce the amount of antigen, increase the immunogenicity and reduce reactogenicity, we studied the adjuvants of various origins in the experimental vaccine against HFRS.
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Korneenko, E. V., А. E. Samoilov, I. V. Artyushin, M. V. Safonova, V. G. Dedkov, K. F. Khafizov, A. A. Deviatkin, V. V. Kaptelova, E. V. Pimkina, and A. S. Speranskaya. "DETECTION OF ALFACORONAVIRUSES, BETACORONAVIRUSES AND ASTROVIRUSES IN BAT FECAL SAMPLES FROM MOSCOW REGION." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-42.
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In our study we analyzed viral RNA in bat fecal samples from Moscow region (Zvenigorod district) collected in 2015. To detect various virus families and genera in bat fecal samples we used PCR amplification of viral genome fragments, followed by high-throughput sequencing. Blastn search of unassembled reads revealed the presence of viruses from families Astroviridae, Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae. Assembly using SPAdes 3.14 yields contigs of length 460–530 b.p. which correspond to genome fragments of Coronaviridae and Astroviridae. The taxonomy of coronaviruses has been determined to the genus level. We also showed that one bat can be a reservoir of several virus genuses. Thus, the bats in the Moscow region were confirmed as reservoir hosts for potentially zoonotic viruses.
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Korneenko, E. V., А. E. Samoilov, I. V. Artyushin, M. V. Safonova, V. G. Dedkov, K. F. Khafizov, A. A. Deviatkin, V. V. Kaptelova, E. V. Pimkina, and A. S. Speranskaya. "DETECTION OF ALFACORONAVIRUSES, BETACORONAVIRUSES AND ASTROVIRUSES IN BAT FECAL SAMPLES FROM MOSCOW REGION." In Молекулярная диагностика и биобезопасность – 2020. ФБУН Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-43.
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In our study we analyzed viral RNA in bat fecal samples from Moscow region (Zvenigorod district) collected in 2015. To detect various virus families and genera in bat fecal samples we used PCR amplification of viral genome fragments, followed by high-throughput sequencing. Blastn search of unassembled reads revealed the presence of viruses from families Astroviridae, Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae. Assembly using SPAdes 3.14 yields contigs of length 460–530 b.p. which correspond to genome fragments of Coronaviridae and Astroviridae. The taxonomy of coronaviruses has been determined to the genus level. We also showed that one bat can be a reservoir of several virus genuses. Thus, the bats in the Moscow region were confirmed as reservoir hosts for potentially zoonotic viruses
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Cunha, Gabriela Gobbo, Gabriela Gobbo Cunha Costa, and Luís Eduardo da Silva. "RELATO DE CASO EM HERBÍVOROS (BOVINO) EM BOM JESUS DOS PERDÕES." In I Congresso Brasileiro Online de Práticas Veterinárias: Uma abordagem para animais de grande porte e produção Animal. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/granvet-09.
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Introdução: A Raiva é uma zoonose viral transmitida pela saliva dos animais ou contato com material contaminado, com tropismo por sistema nervoso e glândulas salivares. Ocorre nos mamíferos e a transmissão se dá pelos animais domésticos, silvestres e os de importância econômica. O diagnóstico é feito com visualização de agregados virais e sinais clínicos. Sem tratamento para animais, é feita eutanásia nos positivos. A prevenção ocorre com a vacinação dos animais e controle dos reservatórios. No Brasil, circula-se a variante viral transmitida pelo morcego hematófago Desmodus rotundus, afetando os herbívoros. Objetivos: Trazer o resultado do levantamento de dados dos casos de raiva animal no município de Bom Jesus dos Perdões, de 2021, e relatar um desses casos em bovino. Materiais e Métodos: Através do levantamento de dados da Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento da cidade de Bom Jesus dos perdões, foram observados a quantidade de casos de raiva na cidade que apareceram no ano de 2021, de janeiro a dezembro, onde foi feita a montagem de um gráfico com os resultados. No caso acompanhado, uma vaca, foi encontrada em uma propriedade com sinais de incoordenação, paralisia, movimentos de pedalagem, nistagmo, opistótono e sinais de engasgo, o animal possuía mordidas de morcego e não era vacinado contra raiva; veio a óbito e a coleta do encéfalo foi realizada para diagnóstico. Resultados: Em Bom Jesus dos Perdões, através dos dados coletados, observou-se 4 ocorrências de raiva em bovinos, 1 em morcego não hematófago e 1 em morcego hematófago. No caso acompanhado, através do teste de imunofluorescência direta, o diagnóstico foi confirmado para raiva; e o tutor recebeu orientação para se vacinar. Conclusão: Com os resultados em mãos, pode-se concluir que a falta de vacinação pré-exposição animal traz um aumento dos casos de raiva em herbívoros nos locais próximos à mata, pelos morcegos hematófagos da região. É importante que a vigilância epidemiológica faça uma ação de bloqueio e realize uma boa educação sanitária mostrando aos donos e tratadores a gravidade da doença, inclusive em humanos, conscientizando-os de que é de grande importância a vacinação anual de seus animais.
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Seitzinger, Patrick, and Jay Kalra. "Drawing Connections: Artificial Intelligence to Address Complex Health Challenges." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002111.
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Pattern recognition is a cornerstone of clinical care and public health practice. Historically, advances in medicine have relied on the ability of humans to detect patterns and make inferences. Modern healthcare challenges involve vast amounts of data and a level of complexity that require additional support to understand. The advancement of Artificial Intelligence has expanded our capability to detect, understand, and address patterns that were previously beyond our grasp. Artificial Intelligence has the capability to analyze otherwise insurmountable quantities of data in order to bring meaning and clarity to patterns that were previously deemed random or unintelligible. We, therefore, aim to charter a strategic path forward for innovative applications of Artificial Intelligence technology to understand and address pressing complex health challenges. The modelling capabilities of Artificial Intelligence have allowed for the simulation of potential viral mutations, as well as the development of therapeutic agents. The predictive analyses provided by Artificial Intelligence allow for a more holistic yet precise understanding of the aging process and the progression of disease, thereby allowing the extent and timing of treatments to be optimized. It has brought a new lens through which to identify malignant cells on imaging and to decode parts of the human genome previously labelled as sequences of unknown significance. On a global scale, Artificial Intelligence has given us the opportunity to better understand and anticipate the effects of climate change on health including the effects on displacement and the potential spillover and spread of new zoonotic infection diseases. We suggest how Artificial Intelligence is beginning to re-conceptualize our understanding of health and disease. The implementation of Artificial Intelligence is a pivotal time in developmental of other modern era of medical practice and public health strategies. Appropriate utilization of these new tools requires innovative thinking, critical appraisal, and tactful resource allocation to ensure issues are addressed in a timely and feasible manner.
Reports on the topic "Zoonosis Virales"
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Hernáez, Bruno. Mpox (viruela del mono): una zoonosis que se volvió viral. Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18567/sebbmrev_219.202403.dc004.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.
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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.