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1

Connolly, Pippa. "The zoological garden." Opticon1826 7, no. 12 (April 30, 2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/opt.121215.

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2

Echude, D., MI Amobi, SU Umar, IM Ezenwa, and CN Okechukwu. "Checklist and Comparison of Butterfly Species found in Zoological and Botanical Gardens, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria." Bio-Research 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v18i1.1.

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Butterflies are creatures of nature with great economic importance as pollinators and bio-indicators. This study provides checklist of butterfly species present in Zoological and Botanical gardens of University of Nigeria, Nsukka and was conducted for three Months. Butterflies were sampled twice a week between 7.00 -10.00am from May to July 2019; using sweep net along existing transects within the gardens. Non-invasive method was adopted, butterflies were captured, photographed and released. Photographed samples were identified to species level by cross matching with relevant keys. A total of 91 butterflies belonging to 16 species, 10 genera and 3 families were sampled. Alpha diversity test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in terms of Relative Abundance, Diversity and Dominance of butterfly species between the two gardens. The Botanical garden had Relative Abundance of 63.73%, Dominance of 0.23 which was higher compared to Zoological garden which had 36.16% and 0.10; but these was contrary to species diversity where Zoological garden was more diverse (H1=2.48) than botanical garden (H1=1.82). The differences observed could be attributed to variations in vegetation composition.
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3

Norell, Angela. "Minnesota Zoological Garden Library." Science & Technology Libraries 8, no. 4 (December 13, 1988): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v08n04_05.

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4

Johnson, Joseph, and Audu Danladi Naomi. "Investigation of Parasitic Infections among Primates in Selected Zoological Gardens in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 06, no. 01 (2022): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2022.6110.

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In nature, wild animals live on large area and have consequently, a low genetic resistance against parasitic infections because of hoe exposure. When herds of these wild animals are kept in captivity in Zoological Gardens, the problem of parasite infection can aggravate and pose a serious threat to endangered species, occasionally causing sudden and unexpected local declines in abundance; unfortunately, there have been few detailed and comprehensive studies on the common parasitic infections, prevalence of the parasitic infections in the primates and the Health care management of the captive primates. The focus of the research work is on investigation of parasitic infection among primates in selected Zoological Gardens in Nigeria the researcher has the following objectives, The researcher adopted experimental method sample of fresh feaces were collected differently for 5 days and was examined at two different laboratory, that Ibadan and Jos. The Ibadan Zoological Garden twenty seven species of primates were examined, with only six infested with Trichuris Trichuria parasite; common in chimpanzee, mona monkey, Tantalus and white throated. In Jos Plateau Zoological Garden, twenty-four species of primates were examined only thirteen primates were infested with Trichuris Trichuria, F buskii, Eimeria, Ascaris Lumbricoides, S. mansoni, Hetrophyes, Those infested, are Red patas, softy mongabey, Baboon, Mona Monkey, Tantalus, and Chimpanzee. Kano Zoological Garden, thirty species of primates were examined, only eleven were infested with Ascaris Lumbricoides, Eimeria, Trichuris Trichuria, Fasciola those infested are Baboon, Chimpanzee, Mona Monkey, Patas, Tantalus Monkeys. All the above examination of the faecal sample material, a direct wet smear was used to reveal the parasites; examined with a how power objective (10x).
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5

Kenton, C. Lint. "INCUBATION IN THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN." International Zoo Yearbook 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03416.x.

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6

Adams, Azubuike, and Azubuike Amarachi Salome. "Impacts of Zoological Garden in Schools (A Case Study of Zoological Garden, Kano State Nigeria)." Open Journal of Ecology 04, no. 10 (2014): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.410051.

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7

David, D., S. Perl, I. Davidson, N. Avni-Magen, and B. A. Yakobson. "Rabies in an Israeli zoological garden." Veterinary Record 160, no. 9 (March 3, 2007): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.9.301.

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8

Platonova, Elena Anatolyevna, Andrey Olegovich Tolstoguzov, Svetlana Nikolaevna Lyabzina, and Anna Alekseevna Sushchuk. "Zoological researches in Botanical Garden of PetrSU." HORTUS BOTANICUS 13, no. 13 (January 2018): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j4.art.2018.5542.

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9

Larnyoh, Kwasi, and Dadson Awunyo Vitor. "User value for Kumasi zoological garden, Ghana." International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing 5, no. 1 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijltm.2016.077153.

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10

Rehmann, P., A. Gröne, B. Gottstein, H. Sager, N. Müller, J. Völlm, and L. N. Bacciarini. "Alveolar echinococcosis in the Zoological Garden Basle." Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 147, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0036-7281.147.11.498.

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11

Nekrošienė, Rita. "FACILITY OF EDUCATION ACTIVITIES IN THE BOTANICAL GARDENS AND PARKS: EXPERIENCE OF SOUTH GERMANY." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2007): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/07.4.29.

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Some facilities of education activities in south Germany botanical gardens and parks are presented in this article. Research was carried out in Munchen-Nymphenburg, Alpengarten Schachen and Augsburg botanical gardens, Munchen zoological garden, Munchen city parks (in the Museum of Man and Nature). The role of botanic gardens is as an advocate for the maintenance of biodiversity and therefore botanic gardens need to reorient their education programmes and incorporate a vision for a more socially and environmentally sustainable future. Botanic and zoo gardens can use a variety of techniques to convey these messages from guided tours, cultural activities and exhibitions to interpret signs and media such as the internet, radio, television and newspapers. Botanic gardens should develop and promote these institutions as centers for environmental education to schools and develop child-friendly policies and train staff in these policies, conduct regular audits to ensure that the gardens is 'child friendly' e. g. access points, eating areas, storage areas, activity/play areas. The subject areas covered by the Museum of Man and Nature are: the history of the earth and its forms of life, biodiversity, man’s place within the natural world, man’s role in shaping the natural world. The Museum presents an interesting and entertaining approach to natural science, in line with modern educational theory. Authentic natural objects, reproductions, models, interactive exhibits and audio-visual programs are employed to create a lively and stimulating setting. The section “Natural history playtime” successfully combines traditional and modern exhibits and appeals to young and old alike. Attractive exhibits and a convenient location make the Museum of Man and Nature a worthwhile destination for visitors of all ages. The official educational mission of this Museum “… to instruct and inform humans about themselves, their environment and about the threats to nature posed by technical civilization”. Key words: botanic garden, zoological garden, parks, education, natural science.
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12

Espinaco-Virseda, Angeles. "One of Every Type: Collection, Description and the Production of the Generic Animal at the Hamburg Zoological Garden, 1863-1911." Brock Review 12, no. 1 (March 20, 2011): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/br.v12i1.328.

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Between 1863 and 1911, the guidebooks and several other publications of the Hamburg Zoological Garden characterized animals as standardized, biologically determined “Types.” These typologies were reinforced by physical and anthropomorphic descriptions and representations of animals as commodities or fragmented objects of scientific scrutiny. In this way, attempts to classify and collect animals reduced them to unsophisticated, interchangeable objects that confounded the zoo’s mandate to deepen public and scientific knowledge about wild animals. Instead, captive wild animals were rendered as simplified and generic representations that called into question the authenticity of the zoo experience and the scientific premise of the zoological garden.
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13

Montes Espín, Rosalina, Ileana Fernández-Santana, Amanda Lucía Vitlloch Ramos, Leosveli Vasallo Rodríguez, Mario A. Lima Cruz, and Javier Francisco-Ortega. "The expeditions of the research yacht Utowana and the building of the plant living collections of the oldest botanical garden of Cuba." Webbia 76, no. 2 (September 7, 2021): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jopt-10929.

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Cienfuegos Botanical Garden is the oldest functioning botanical institution of Cuba. It was established originally as a joint endeavor between sugar magnate Edwin F. Atkins and Harvard University in 1901. Between 1925 and 1934, the research yacht Utowana performed ample plant germplasm collections for the USDA in the New and Old World as well as archeological and zoological surveys in the Neotropics. The botanical expeditions were conducted mostly, under the leadership of David Fairchild. In this contribution we review to what extent Utowana expeditions and collections were instrumental in building the living collections of Cienfuegos Botanical Garden. A total of 278 accessions (comprising 254 species) were introduced into this garden directly or indirectly through these expeditions. Currently 57 of these species (132 individuals) are still part of its living collections. Interestingly, five of the Caribbean expeditions of this research yacht carried plant material between the Cienfuegos Botanical Garden and two other botanic gardens that were operated by US entities, namely the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Honduras (owned by the United Fruit Company) and the Summit Gardens in Panama City (managed by the Panama Canal governmental agency). Our study also shows that plant material collected during Utowana expeditions was sent from Old World and Caribbean Island botanic gardens to Cienfuegos Botanical Garden. Thomas Barbour, director of this botanical institution between 1927 and 1946 joined four of these plant hunting endeavors. He provided strong support for the growing of the Cienfuegos Botanical Garden living collections with plant material collected during Utowana expeditions.
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14

Bergh, W. K. "THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN-NOAH'S ARK OF FUTURE GENERATIONS." International Zoo Yearbook 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1963.tb03615.x.

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15

Cardenal, Ernesto, David Draper Clark, and César Ferreira. "Zoológico de Iquitos / The Zoological Garden of Iquitos." World Literature Today 80, no. 3 (2006): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40159084.

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16

Sommer, Robert. "Development of the zoological garden and mental hospital." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 78, no. 3 (2008): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014200.

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17

Swinney, Geoffrey N. "Granny (c. 1821–1887), “a zoological celebrity”." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 2 (October 2007): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.2.219.

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A biography of a celebrated sea-anemone (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) is recounted. The history of the specimen, from its collection by John Graham Dalyell to its death in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, is presented in the social and political context of the period.
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18

Adetunji, VE. "Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in primates and their keepers from two zoological gardens in Ibadan, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 2 (September 5, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v12i2.5.

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A study was conducted to determine the levels of infestation of gastro-intestinal parasites in 36 non-human primates (NHP) and 19 zoo keepers at the University of Ibadan Zoological Garden (UIZG) and Agodi Zoological Garden (AZG) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Freshly passed faecal samples were collected from NHP, zoo keepers, and from apparently healthy individuals (control). The faecal samples were processed using standard parasitological techniques. Twenty-two (61.1%) out of 36 NHP at UIZG and AZG were infested with gastro-intestinal parasites. Infestations at UIZG and AZG were 61.3% and 60%, respectively. All the red patas, mangabey and mandrill monkeys and 90.9% (10/11) of the green monkeys were infested. There were higher infestation rates in young NHP than in adults (P<0.05). The infestation rate in males and females were the same (61.1%). The most prevalent gastro-intestinal parasites were Trichuris trichiura (47.2%), Strongyle spp(13.9%), Entamoeba spp (13.9%) and Stronglyloides spp (5.6%). Six (27.3%) of the infested NHP have mixed infestations. Only one of the 19 zoo keepers screened was infested with Ascaris lumbricoides and two (15.4%) of the 13 members of control group (non-zoological garden workers) were infested with Ancylostoma duodenale. There was no evidence of cross transmission of gastro-intestinal helminths between the NHP and the zoo keepers.Keywords: Gastro-intestinal parasites, Helminths, Infestation, Primates, Prevalence, Zoos
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19

Sykes, John M., and John G. Trupkiewicz. "REPTILE NEOPLASIA AT THE PHILADELPHIA ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN, 1901–2002." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 37, no. 1 (March 2006): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/04-112.1.

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20

Okulewicz, A., M. Kaźmierczak, and K. Zdrzalik. "Endoparasites of exotic snakes (Ophidia)." Helminthologia 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0205-z.

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Abstract Exotic reptiles, among them snakes, are a novelty in the world of pets. A total of 28 snakes housed in the City Zoological Garden in Wrocław and 23 snakes from zoological wholesale were examined for the presence of endoparasites. Both parasitological sections of dead reptiles and coprological examination were done. Endoparasites were detected in a total of 13.7 % of snakes, including 21.7 % of those coming from the zoological wholesale and 7.1 % of the zoo-kept snakes. Two groups of protozoa were detected: Choleoeimeria sp. and Ciliata, as well as nematodes: Kalicephalus sp., Dioctowittidae and a pinworm (Oxyurida). The zoo snakes were also found to carry pseudoparasites.
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21

Scholz, Stephan, and Hans Grasmück. "Der Oasis Park auf Fuerteventura, ein Vergnügungspark mit botanischem Garten." Der Palmengarten 78, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/palmengarten.226.

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Oasis Park Fuerteventura is a big amusement park with a zoological and a botanical garden.The latter is described here. In this garden, plants of the Canary Islands are cultivated, including rare endemic species. Plants of different ecosystems like succulent scrub and thermophilous forest are displayed.The garden also hosts many other plants, including tropical tree and shrub species and many different palms, as well as a large succulent plant assemblage with cacti, succulent plants from Madagascar, aloes, yuccas and agaves.
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22

Guimaraes, Ana M. S., Manoel L. Javorouski, Marcelo Bonat, Oneida Lacerda, Bruna Balbinotti, Lucyenne G. P. B. Queiroz, Jorge Timenetsky, Alexander W. Biondo, and Joanne B. Messick. "Molecular detection of "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" in a lion (Panthera leo) from a brazilian zoological garden." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 49, no. 3 (June 2007): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652007000300011.

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Although Mycoplasma haemofelis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" infections have been reported in wild cats from United States, their presence among native and captive wild cats in Brazil is still unknown. A 12 year old healthy male lion (Panthera leo) from the Zoological Garden of Curitiba, Brazil was anesthetized for transportation and dental evaluation. A blood sample was obtained for a complete blood cell count (CBC) and PCR analysis. DNA was extracted and fragments of Mycoplasma haemofelis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" 16S ribosomal RNA gene were amplified in PCR assays. CBC results were within reference intervals. A weak band of 192 pb for "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" was observed, and no band was amplified from Mycoplasma haemofelis reaction. A weak PCR band associated with normal CBC results and without visible parasitemia or clinical signs may suggest a chronic subclinical infection with "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum". The lack of clinical signs may also represent the low pathogenicity of this organism; however, it is noteworthy that immune suppression caused by management and/or corticoids treatment may induce parasitemia and anemia in this animal. This detection suggests further studies in captive wild cats in Brazilian Zoological Gardens.
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23

Lawrenz, B., J. Hentschke, and R. Göltenboth. "Myopathies in wild equids in the Zoological Garden of Berlin." Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine 14, no. 6 (1998): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21836/pem19980607.

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24

MOUDRÝ, LUBOMÍR. "New graphic design and information system at Zoological Garden Decin." International Zoo Yearbook 35, no. 1 (January 1997): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1997.tb01227.x.

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25

Haruna, H., A. A. Aliko, S. M. Zakari, and A. H. Omeiza. "Quantitative analysis of plant species diversity in Kano zoological garden." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v11i1.34s.

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26

Černý, Miloš, and Jindřich Roháček. "Cerodontha (Poemyza) unisetiorbita Zlobin, 1993 (Diptera: Agromyzidae), a leaf-miner on bamboo: first records from Central Europe/ Cerodontha (Poemyza) unisetiorbita Zlobin, 1993 (Diptera: Agromyzidae), vrtalka minující na bambusu: první nálezy ve střední Evropě." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2015-0011.

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Abstract Cerodontha (Poemyza) unisetiorbita Zlobin, 1993 (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is added to the fauna of the Czech Republic and Germany, based on rearing records from the Zoological garden Zlín-Lešná (Czech Republic) and from the Bamboo garden near Hannover (Germany). The distribution and biology of C. (P.) unisetiorbita are reviewed. The new records are given with illustrated habitat and host-plant data and photographs of living females, puparium and a hymenopterous parasitoid (Braconidae) reared from the puparium, and their significance is discussed.
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27

Ruxanda, Flavia, Adrian Florin Gal, Bianca Boşca, Bianca Alexandra Matosz, Vasile Rus, Cristian Raţiu, and Viorel Miclăuş. "Anthracosis in a Baboon From a Zoological Garden. A Case Report." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12097.

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Anthracosis is a disease encountered in both humans and animals. The present study was conducted on a baboon from a zoological garden, which died of natural causes. During morphopathological examination, we observed pulmonary anthracosis, with coal particles in both macrophages’ cytoplasm and free in septa, interstitium and pleura. The pulmonary anthracosis was moderate, thus the structural and fuctional changes were minimal and the disease evolved without any clinical manifestation.
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28

Fernando, Saminda P., and Preethi V. Udagama-Randeniya. "Parasites of Selected Reptiles of the National Zoological Garden, Sri Lanka." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 40, no. 2 (June 2009): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2008-0052.1.

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29

Gurler, Ali Tumay, Yunus Emre Beyhan, Mustafa Acici, Cenk Soner Bolukbas, and Sinasi Umur. "Helminths of Mammals and Birds at the Samsun Zoological Garden, Turkey." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41, no. 2 (June 2010): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2009-0070r1.1.

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30

Mazurkevich, A., A. Homyak, and V. Galat. "The peculiarities of strongylatoses of ungulates from the Kyiv zoological garden." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80946-x.

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31

Pate, M., T. Švara, M. Gombač, T. Paller, M. Žolnir-Dovč, I. Emeršič, W. M. Prodinger, et al. "Outbreak of Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a Zoological Garden." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 53, no. 8 (October 2006): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.01000.x.

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32

Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho, Olajumoke Abimbola Morenikeji, and Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre. "Zoo animals' disease pattern in a university zoological garden, Ibadan, Nigeria." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 6, no. 2 (February 2016): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60991-4.

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33

SIGLER, ELIZABETH UZEE, and MARK S. MYERS. "Breeding the Wrinkled hornbillAceros corrugatusat the Audubon Park and Zoological Garden." International Zoo Yearbook 31, no. 1 (January 1992): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1991.tb02378.x.

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34

FRÄDRICH, HANS. "Breeding the White-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari at Berlin Zoological Garden." International Zoo Yearbook 34, no. 1 (January 1995): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1995.tb00682.x.

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35

TOBLER, I., and B. SCHWIERIN. "Behavioural sleep in the giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) in a zoological garden." Journal of Sleep Research 5, no. 1 (March 1996): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.1996.00010.x.

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36

Atanaskova, Elena, Zoran Kochevski, Jovana Stefanovska, and Goran Nikolovski. "Endoparasites in wild animals at the zoological garden in Skopje, Macedonia." Journal of Threatened Taxa 3, no. 7 (July 26, 2011): 1955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2440.1955-8.

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37

Cavallero, Serena, Margherita Montalbano Di Filippo, Silvia Rondón, Claudio De Liberato, Stefano D’Amelio, Klaus G. Friedrich, and Federica Berrilli. "Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data on Trichuris from Macaca fuscata Support Evidence of Host Specificity." Life 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010018.

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Whipworms are parasitic intestinal nematodes infecting mammals, and traditionally humans and other primates that have so far been considered infected by Trichuris trichiura. Recent molecular studies report a more complex scenario suggesting the presence of a species complex with several Trichuris taxa specifically infecting only one primate species as well as taxa able to infect a range of primate species. The systematics of the group is important for taxonomic inference, to estimate the relative zoonotic potential, and for conservation purposes. In fact, captive animals living in zoological gardens are usually infected by persistent monoxenous intestinal parasites. Here, two Japanese macaques living in the Bioparco Zoological Garden of Rome were found infected by Trichuris sp. Nematodes were characterized at the molecular level using nuclear (btub and 18S) and mitochondrial (16S and cytb) markers and then compared to Trichuris collected previously in the same location, and to other Trichuris infecting primates. Evidences from mitochondrial and nuclear markers allowed for the identification of Trichuris sp. specific to Macaca fuscata. Results obtained here also described a uniform taxonomic unit of Trichuris, separated but closely related to Trichuris trichiura, thus, emphasizing its zoonotic potential for workers and visitors.
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38

Driskell, Elizabeth A., Debra L. Miller, Shannon L. Swist, and Zoltan S. Gyimesi. "PCR Detection of Ranavirus in Adult Anurans from the Louisville Zoological Garden." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 40, no. 3 (September 2009): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2008-0076.1.

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39

K.M., Adelakun, Kehinde A.S., Laoye O., Ihidero A.A., and Dalha A. "Blood Biochemical of Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in Kano Zoological Garden, Nigeria." Journal of Zoo Biology 2, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.002.01.1765.

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The potential application of blood reference range for crocodile is a basis that can provide important clinical information about health and physiological condition of the animal. This study investigates serum biochemistry of Nile crocodile from Kano Zoological Garden, Kano, Nigeria. Six (6) adult Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) were captured from crocodile pond in the zoo. Blood was collected from post-occipital sinus of the physically restrain crocodile and used for serum biochemical parameters. The results revealed the Total Serum Protein (TSP) concentration of 9.2g/Ɩ, albumin concentration which is a common plasma protein is 43g/Ɩ while globulin concentration is 54g/Ɩ. Cholesterol concentration measure is registered at 5.2mmol/Ɩ with High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) of 1mmol/Ɩ and 1.35mmol/Ɩ respectively. Creatinine: a breakdown product of creatinine which is an important part of muscle tissue is 44umol/Ɩ. Uric acid which is a primary catabolic end product of protein is 0.18mmol/Ɩ while glucose and triglyceride are 4.94mmol/Ɩ and 2.24mmol/Ɩ respectively while enzymes which include Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration is 6U/Ɩ, Aspartate aminotransferase concentration is 5U/Ɩ while Alkaline Phosphatase is 20U/Ɩ. The biochemical values recorded were compared with available data on farm Nile crocodile. Clearly, nutritional status, age, gender, season, physiology and environment should be considered if clinical pathology is to be employed as a diagnostic tool.
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40

Redrobe, S. P., and J. C. Patterson-Kane. "Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) in Captive Rodents in a Zoological Garden." Journal of Comparative Pathology 133, no. 1 (July 2005): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.01.013.

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41

Rahman, SM, AR Dey, UK Kundu, and N. Begum. "Investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores at Dhaka National Zoological Garden of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21245.

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A total of 52 fecal samples were collected from 21 herbivores at Dhaka zoo during January to May, 2012 to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores. Overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 76.9%, of which 61.5% were positive for helminths and 55.8% were positive for protozoa. The identified parasites were Balantidium coli (55.8%), Paramphistomum sp. (36.5%), Fasciola sp. (19.2%), stomach worm (3.9%), Ascaris sp. (1.9%) and Strongyloides sp. (1.9%). Overall prevalence of mixed infection was 42.3%. Mixed infection was observed in the animals such as Butani cattle (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Giraffe (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Spotted deer (Balantidium coli, Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola sp.), Sambar deer (Balantidium coli and Fasciola sp.), Horse (Balantidium coli and Ascaris sp.), Greater kudu (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Nil gai (Balantidium coli and stomach worm), Black wilde beast (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Impala (Balantidium coli and Strongyloides sp.), Hippopotamus (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Zebra (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Wilde beast (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.; Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola sp.), One Horned Rhinoceros (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Common Eland (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Oryx (Balantidium coli and stomach worm). Diameter of ova or cyst was also measured. Egg per gram/ Cyst per gram of feces (EPG/ CPG) were ranged from 300-1200. Gastrointestinal parasites are highly prevalent in herbivores of Dhaka zoo. Strategic control measure is necessary to protect the endangered species from parasitic infestation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21245 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 79-85, June 2014
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42

Pérez Cordón, G., A. Hitos Prados, D. Romero, M. Sánchez Moreno, A. Pontes, A. Osuna, and M. J. Rosales. "Intestinal parasitism in the animals of the zoological garden “Peña Escrita” (Almuñecar, Spain)." Veterinary Parasitology 156, no. 3-4 (October 2008): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.05.023.

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43

Nasiri, Vahid, and Farnoosh Jameie. "Intestinal parasitic infection in wild animals of a zoological garden in Alborz, Iran." Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.575285.

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44

Thompson, C. W. "Patrick Geddes and the Edinburgh Zoological Garden: Expressing Universal Processes Through Local Place." Landscape Journal 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.25.1.80.

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45

REILLY, SHARON E. "Breeding the Rhinoceros hornbill Buceros rhinoceros at the Audubon Park and Zoological Garden." International Zoo Yearbook 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1987.tb01538.x.

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46

REILLY, SHARON E. "Breeding the Rhinoceros hornbill Buceros rhinoceros at the Audubon Park and Zoological Garden." International Zoo Yearbook 27, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1988.tb03221.x.

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47

Rivero, Julia, Ángela María García-Sánchez, Rocío Callejón, and Cristina Cutillas. "Characterization of trichuris species from porcupine (Hystrix cristata) at zoological garden of Spain." Acta Tropica 228 (April 2022): 106276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106276.

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48

Ilić, Tamara, Zsolt Becskei, Bojan Gajić, József Özvegy, Predrag Stepanović, Katarina Nenadović, and Sanda Dimitrijević. "Prevalence of endoparasitic infections of birds in zoo gardens in Serbia." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0015.

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Abstract This report represents the prevalence of endoparasitic infections of birds in zoological gardens in Serbia. Coprological examination conducted during 2015 and 2016, involved samples from 318 individual birds belonging to 112 species, in three zoo gardens (Belgrade, Palić and Bor). Individual faeces samples were analysed by the flotation method in salt solution. The presence of endoparasites was established in 51.96% (Belgrade), 46.16% (Palić) and 16.66% (Bor) of the tested birds. We diagnosed coccidian oocysts, eggs of Capillaria spp, Heterakis spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Ascaridia spp, Syngamus trachea and eggs of yet unidentified trematode. There were no detection of parasites from the class of cestodes. Prevalence of infection with coccidia, depending on location, was in the ranges between 8.33% and 32.84%, capillariosis 2.77% and 29.41%, heterakiosis 2.56% and 12.74%, trichostrongylidosis 5.55% and 25.64%, askaridiosis 10.25% and 10.78%, syngamosis 2.94% and trematodes of unknown etiology 2.45%. Coinfections with two or three parasitic species were detected in Belgrade and Palić Zoo Gardens, while quadruple infection was established in birds of Belgrade Zoo Garden. Obtained results can be used in establishing programs for health protection of endangered bird species.
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Romanow, Peter, Walter Poduschka, and Werner Deutsch. "Zur intraspezifischen Lautkommunikation des Russischen Desmans Desmana moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insectivora: Talpidae: Desmaninae) nebst einigen Angaben zu seinem Sozialverhalten." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 66, no. 1 (1996): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06601002.

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The Russian Desman Desmana moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) is a highly endangered semiaquatic mammal, confined to disjunct areas. Between 1983 and 1992 several specimens were kept and investigated, firstly in the zoological garden of Moscow (4 ♀ ♀, 1 ♂), and afterwards in the field station of the former Soviet-Russian Academy of Sciences at Cernogolovka (1 ♀, 4 ♂ ♂). Parallel to this, numerous extended field trips to the huge wetlands of the Oka Reserve allowed the verification of the results obtained in captivity.
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Okulewicz, A., M. Kaźmierczak, J. Hildebrand, and M. Adamczyk. "Endoparasites of lizards (Lacertilia) from captive breeding and trade networks." Helminthologia 52, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0008.

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SummaryParasitic infections are widespread among exotic lizards and cause serious problems in both private captive breeding and trade networks. Among 168 lizards obtained from captive breeding (Zoological Garden in Wrocław and private owners) and trade (pet shops and wholesale) the total prevalence of endoparasites was 42.35 %. We detected species of Protozoa, Cestoda, Trematoda - Digenea and Nematoda as well as pseudoparasites. The prevalence of endoparasites was higher in the reptiles obtained from captive breeding (59.5 %) than in those from trade network, however the parasite species spectrum was wider in the animals form pet shops and wholesales.
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