Journal articles: 'ZONE PROTECTION SYSTEM'

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Zhang, Zhan Long, Li Yao, and Qun Wang. "Reliability Evaluation for Distribution System Including Protection System Failures." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1181.

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A new model and method for incorporating the effect of protection system failures into distribution system reliability evaluation are developed this paper. Firstly, the distribution system is partitioned into zones with the auto (or non-auto) switch being the boundary; through the network equivalent approach, for each load point, three component groups are respectively formed by two types of zone-elements. Then two types of protection failures and their impacts on reliability modeling are discussed. Finally, the reliability Markov model of load point with protection failures has been developed. The test results of the samples demonstrate the practicability and validness of the method.

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Steiakakis, Emmanouil, Dionysios Vavadakis, and Ourania Mourkakou. "Groundwater Vulnerability and Delineation of Protection Zones in the Discharge Area of a Karstic Aquifer—Application in Agyia’s Karst System (Crete, Greece)." Water 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020231.

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This work represents a contribution to the protection techniques of karst aquifers against groundwater pollution. The paper sets out the methodology being introduced for the protection of the karstic system that gives rise to five (5) major groups of springs and supplies fourteen (14) pumping wells near Agyia Chania (Crete, Greece). Starting from a geological and hydrogeological survey of the area, the work presents a vulnerability assessment of the karstic aquifer based on the application of three index-based methods (EPIK, PRESK and DRISTPI). The protection zones for the discharge area of the aquifer were delineated through an integrated geomorphological approach and groundwater flow modeling. At first, the risk of polluting substances migration from ground surface to groundwater was considered based on the spatial distribution of vulnerability. Following this, the vulnerability was evaluated in the saturated zone, where the attenuation mechanisms of contaminants were reducing due to the raised flow velocity. The groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes was considered using the MODFLOW code. Next, the data from the vulnerability mapping and the groundwater flow simulation were merged into an integrated assessment to delimit the protection zones for the water abstraction points. The vulnerability assessment outlines zones of high vulnerability in the SE part of the area, far away from the discharge zone of the aquifer and the water abstraction points. These zones are associated with an intensive infiltration process via carbonate formations. Protection Zone I was delineated 20 m around the water abstraction points, and it should be excluded from any anthropogenic activity. Protection Zone II coves part of the very high and high vulnerability zones defined by the DRISTPI method (located upwards of the water abstraction points), as well as an area downwards of springs and wells, where the flow path lines which demonstrate the subsurface travelling time of 50 days are projected to the ground surface. Protection Zone III extends outside Zone Ι and Zone ΙΙ, up to the limits of the hydrogeological or hydrological basin, whichever is larger. It includes the entire capture zone (i.e., the surface and underground catchment area) that feeds the water abstraction points. In this manner the protection zones include the entire contributing area to water abstraction points, not just the ground surface recharge zone.

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Rusina, N., V. Lyulʹchyk, P. Bida, O. Kachanovsʹkyy, S. Bulakevych, and O. Petrova. "Problems of installation water protective zones and coastal protective stripes." Zemleustrìj, kadastr ì monìtorìng zemelʹ, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2021.03.06.

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The issue of establishing the boundaries of water protection and coastal stripes in Ukraine were examined in the article. The purpose of the study is to present the practical results of the formation the boundary delimiter of coastal protection stripes, based on scientific and methodological approaches to the development of land management projects for the establishment of coastal protection stripes and modern technologies in the area of geographic information system. Theoretical principles of establishing the boundaries of water protective zones and coastal protective stripes on water resources are analyzed. Regulatory basic documents on the subject of use in the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protection stripes have been explored. It is noted that the size of water protective zones and coastal protective stripes can be set in accordance with the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine, and according to the especial projects in land management. It is suggested the procedure for establishing coastal and water protective zones is based on determining the hydrographic characteristics of water sites and morphological parameters of coastal areas using remote sensing data and geoinformation system and includes six steps: 1. Determination of morphometric parameters of water sites. 2. Obtaining relief data and its application 3.Determining the steepness of the slopes. 4. Construction of catchment areas and determination of surface effluent directions. 5. Creation of a buffer zone around water sites (construction of a protective stripe and a water protective zone). 6. Combining layers of informative maps for the final definition of boundaries. The use of the methodology is presented on a specific example, namely the pond in the village Gremyache, Rivne region. Methodology will provide a technical background for establishing and decision-making on the size of water protective zones and coastal protection stripes around water objects. One more aspect of the problem, solved by the methodology proposed in the article, involves informative supporting of decisions in a sphere of controlling water fund lands at the regional level as part of the planning measures for sustainable regions development and protection of water objects. Keywords: water protective zone, coastal protection belt, land management project, Earth remote sensing data of the Earth and geographic information system data, boundaries of the water protective zone and coastal protective stripe

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Chen, Wei Gang, Feng Du, Yue Zhuo, and Michael Anheuser. "Zone Selective Protection System with Multiple Power Sources." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.251.

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In the power system with multiple power sources, the fault current direction is not fixed. Therefore, the conventional ZSI protection is not suitable. Furthermore, the ZSI protection with fault current direction judgment function is required. In this paper, the R, L property based fault current direction judgment method is proposed. This method is verified based on the simulation and test result. The validation shows this method can correctly judge the fault current direction within shorter time than state of art method.

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Xu, Qiang Ye, Jin Lian, and Hao Lian. "An Adaptive Protection Method for Power System under Wide Area Networks." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4189.

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The grid structure and its operation mood are becoming more complicated with the expansion of China Power Network which have higher requirement for security protection for relay protection network. This article proposes adaptive setting of switch positioner and line fault under wide area networks. Adaptive setting of switch positioner in system operation mode can effectively extend the protection scope of zone 2 impedance relay on the premise of protecting the cooperative relationship which has a better sensibility than traditional setting value of zone 2 impedance relay. Adaptive setting of line fault has high level of adaptation in system operation mode and sensitivity in each adjacent line which has lager protection scope than that of the traditional setting value and switch positioner.

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Park, Sung Yoon, Chien-Lun Lan, Ranteg S. Rao, and Gang-Len Chang. "Field Evaluation of the Dilemma Zone Protection System at Suburban Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 21 (June 11, 2018): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774235.

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Despite the fact that both traffic researchers and highway agencies have devoted considerable efforts over the past few decades to improving intersection safety, development of effective strategies to contend with this vital issue remains a challenging task. This research presents the field evaluation results of a Dilemma Zone Protection System (DZPS) implemented at two hazardous intersections in Maryland, U.S.A. The deployed DZPS can offer both proactive and reactive protections to drivers approaching a signalized intersection during a yellow phase. Field evaluations conducted at two intersections with DZPS deployed confirmed a 100% detection rate for red-light-running vehicles, timely activation of the all-red extension to prevent right-angle crashes, and effectively discouraging drivers from taking aggressive “pass” decisions during the yellow or all-red phases. The potential extension of the DZPS for speed harmonization on arterial traffic flows is also discussed.

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Amirrul, H. G., H. Hendrayana, and D. P. E. Putra. "Delineation of Mrutu Spring Protection Zone: An Attempt to Maintain the Sustainability of Groundwater Resources." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1039, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1039/1/012046.

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Abstract Lumajang Regency government plans to optimize water resources using Mrutu Spring groundwater as a water source for the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM). The maintenance of the groundwater quality and quantity sustainability is necessary to delineate the protection zone of Mrutu Spring. Geological, hydrogeological, and land use parameters assessed the spring protection zone. The Mrutu Spring protection zone determination was conducted using manual and analytical solutions and combination hydrogeological methods. This study finds that the protection zone of Mrutu Spring is around Mrutu Spring up to Mrutu Spring groundwater recharge in the northwest. Mrutu Spring protection zone is divided into protection zone I, II, III, and groundwater recharge for the spring protection zone. The geometry of protection zone I is a circle with a radius of 1.64 km and 314 m2. Protection zone II is in the fifth circle with a 1.64 km and 2.87 km2. Protection zone II has an ellipsoidal shape with a radius of 16.74 km and 67.28 km2. The groundwater recharge for the spring protection zone is oval, with a radius of ± 12 km and 57,85 km2.

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Jeong, Jin A., and Chung Kuk Jin. "The Experimental Measurement on the Throwing Power of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection for Concrete Piles in Natural Sea Water." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.350.

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This paper represents the experimental studies on the throwing power of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system applied to reinforced concrete piles in salt water condition by means of zinc anodes. Many previous studies show the effectiveness of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system, however, the major problem of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system is limited a distance to the point reaching protection current from the anode in high resistivity environments such as concrete, etc. In case of concrete pile in sea water condition, it should be combined submerged zone, tidal zone, splash zone, and atmospheric zone. In this study, the cathodic protection current by zinc sacrificial anodes was limited to scores of centimeters above the water line with tidal, depending on the concrete resistivity. Experimental tests were carried out on pile type reinforced concrete specimens with the change of water level. The test factors were corrosion and protection potential, current, and 4 hour depolarization potential. As a result of tests, cathodic protection current by zinc sacrificial anode was influenced up to about 10cm above the water line, and high resistivity areas such as atmospheric zone could not be protected with this system.

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Zha, Liteng, Yunlong Zhang, Praprut Songchitruksa, and Danny R. Middleton. "An Integrated Dilemma Zone Protection System Using Connected Vehicle Technology." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 17, no. 6 (June 2016): 1714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2015.2490222.

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Jose, Thara, Monalisa Biswal, K. Venkatanagaraju, and O. P. Malik. "Integrated approach based third zone protection during stressed system conditions." Electric Power Systems Research 161 (August 2018): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2018.04.011.

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Fang, Da Jing, Jun Huang, Ya Ping Wang, Er Bu Shen, Shun Kai Li, and Liu Qing Tu. "A Study on Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection for Wharf Steel Pile of Tripoli Lebanon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.228.

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In this paper, the sacrificial anode protection system for steel pile of Tripoli wharf (Lebanon) was studied. Optimal average protection current densities were selected for steel pipe/sheet pile of seaside zone back filled zone and sea mud zone. Based on field test and investigation, we found that the optimal average protection current density for seaside zone is 0.060 A/m2, back filled zone 0.030 A/m2 and sea mud zone 0.025 A/m2, respectively.

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Ferreira Gomes, Luis M. "Protection Perimeter of a New Mineral Water in an Essentially Urban Environment: The Case of the São Tiago Medical Spa (Portugal)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022054.

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Abstract São Tiago medical spa is an integrated structure in a new Health Tourism Complex, in Penamacor, Portugal, with a recent start of operation, due to the classification of a new natural mineral water in place. That medical spa bases its exploration on the natural mineral water obtained from the Well P1. Thus, to facilitate the preservation of the quality of the resource, natural mineral water, one of the fundamental instruments is the implementation of a Protection Perimeter of Well P1 and its associated aquifer system. In this sense, in this paper, after briefly presenting the basic geoenvironmental aspects that are the base for the elaboration of the Protection Perimeter, the methodology of its elaboration is explained, with the final solution, which constitutes a territory organized by three zones: Immediate Protection Zone, Intermediate Protection Zone and Extended Protection Zone. The official restrictions legally foreseen for those zones are mentioned and the official systematization of the current occupation of the territory is presented, in terms of the Municipal Master Plan (PDM), while emphasizing the potential sources of existing pollution. Finally, some comments are made about the future orientation regarding the occupation of the territory in the interior zones of the Protection Perimeter, so that the new Health Tourism complex, consisting of a medical spa, hotel, and aqualudic spaces, endures in the time, and helps the sustained economic growth of the region.

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Qin, Jian Xiong, Yong Tang, and Gui Ping Deng. "Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in Jiuzhai-Huanglong Scenic Zone." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.755.

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Based on the system and conception framework for sustainable development of tourism industry, in conjunction with tourism industry sustainable development status of Jiuzhai-Huanglong scenic zone, the challenge of Jiuzhai-Huanglong scenic zone tourism industry of sustainable development, including wasting tourism resource, contaminated ecological environment, faulty tourism management and WTO related new problems etc, have been studied in detail. And then strategic countermeasure of tourism industry of sustainable development in Jiuzhai-Huanglong scenic zone has been put forward, includes sustainable resource protection system, sustainable eco-environment protection system, green product of planning system, green marketing system, green management system and green theory system.

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Sunkari, Srinivasa R., Carroll J. Messer, and Hassan Charara. "Performance of Advance Warning for End of Green System for High-Speed Signalized Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1925, no. 1 (January 2005): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192500118.

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A major difficulty with traffic signal operation on high-speed approaches is the dilemma faced by approaching motorists when the downstream signal turns yellow. Should the motorists stop or proceed through the intersection? Crashes that may occur at these intersections result in excessive property damage and personal injury because of the high speeds involved. The Texas Transportation Institute has developed a new system named the Advance Warning for End of Green System (AWEGS) for application at high-speed signalized intersections. Typically, dilemma zone detection strategy is based on a certain approach speed (typically the 85th percentile). AWEGS provides protection for the majority of motorists who are not covered by the dilemma zone treatment. AWEGS provides advance warning to motorists by using signs mounted on the roadside. These signs (Be Prepared To Stop When Flashing) would flash a beacon about 5 to 6 s before the onset of the yellow signal for high-speed approaches. Similar systems have been implemented in Canada and in a few U.S. states that use the trailing-green approach, which results in loss of dilemma zone protection every cycle. AWEGS, however, is almost completely independent of the traffic signal controller, and hence the signal controller would continue to provide the dilemma zone protection for which it was designed. The system was implemented at two sites in Waco and Brenham, Texas. Results of AWEGS implementation illustrated an improvement in traffic operations. AWEGS consistently enhanced the dilemma zone protection at intersections and reduced red light running by about 40%.

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Liu, Xiaojun, Youcheng Wang, and Hub Hu. "Fault Identification Algorithm Based on Zone - Division Wide Area Protection System." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 7, no. 2 (June 2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.072.12.

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Hidayat, Arif, Dedi Irawadi, Alfin Hikmaturokhman, and Andrianingsih. "Safe zone analysis of lightning protection system in antenna using radome." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 508 (May 2, 2019): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/508/1/012080.

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Abbas, Montasir M., Qichao Wang, Bryan Higgs, Donia Zaheri Sarabi, Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani, and Milos N. Mladenovic. "High-Resolution Field Evaluation of Radar-Based Dilemma Zone Protection System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2557, no. 1 (January 2016): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2557-02.

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Zhang, Wei, and Rafael Olarte. "Operational Evaluation of Detection-Control System, A Dilemma Zone Protection Technology." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 48 (2012): 3307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1296.

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Hlásny, T., L. Kulla, I. Barka, M. Turčáni, Z. Sitková, and M. Koreň. "The proposal of biotic hazard zones in selected spruce dominated regions in Slovakia." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 5 (May 28, 2010): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2009-jfs.

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 Biotic agents driven spruce decline has been observed over several regions in Europe. We studied the spatial pattern of spruce stands mortality due to biotic agents in three spruce dominated regions in Slovakia – the Kysuce, Orava and Low Tatras regions. Regularly reported data on sanitary felling were used for the analysis. Geostatistical techniques and other spatial modelling tools were used to design the zones of biotic hazard for each region. Zone A stands for the totally disintegrated stands with extremely elevated activity of biotic agents. Zone B represents the buffer zone around the zone A. Its width depends on the spreading potential of biotic agents and related stand mortality observed during the last years. Zone C stands for the background areas, with more or less healthy stands. Zone-specific forest protection measures are proposed. Such a system allows for the priority rating of unnatural spruce stand conversion and optimal allocation of forest protection measures.

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Prada Hurtado, Aníbal Antonio, Eduardo Martinez Carrasco, Maria Teresa Villén Martínez, and Jose Saldana. "Application of IIA Method and Virtual Bus Theory for Backup Protection of a Zone Using PMU Data in a WAMPAC System." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 3470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093470.

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Many wide area monitoring, protection, and control (WAMPAC) systems are being deployed by grid operators to deal with critical operational conditions that may occur in power systems. Thanks to the real-time measurements provided by a set of distributed phasor measurement units (PMUs), different protection algorithms can be run in a central location. In this context, this article presents and validates a novel method that can be used as a backup protection for a selected area in a power system. It merges the integrated impedance angle (IIA) protection method with the theory of virtual buses in wide area electrical power systems. The backup protection works this way: once a fault is detected (pickup time), another delay (added to the pickup time) is defined in order to wait for the primary protection to act. If this does not happen, the algorithm generates its backup trip. The proposed method has been called the zone integrated impedance angle (Zone IIA). A real-time PMU laboratory has been used to test the proposed algorithm using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS). The algorithm has been programmed in a real-time automation controller (RTAC). It has been tested in two different simulated setups: first, a 400 kV transmission system, with and without the use of renewable energy sources (RES); second, a 150 kV submarine line between the Greece mainland and an island, which is currently the longest submarine alternating current connection in the world. The results obtained during the tests have yielded tripping times for area protection in the order of 48 ms, if no time delay is used between the fault detection and the trip order. According to the test results, the proposed method is stable, reliable, obedient, and secure, also with RES installed in the power system. Additionally, the method is selective, i.e., during the tests no trip was executed for external faults, no trip was executed in no-fault condition, and all the applied internal faults were detected and tripped correctly. Finally, the protection method is easy to implement. The method is also applicable to protection against short circuits in distribution systems. According to the trip times observed during the tests, it is clear that these algorithms are well suited to implement backup protections in transmission grids, even in scenarios with high penetration of renewable energies. Considering that backup trip times in transmission grids are usually set between 400 and 1000 ms, and that the actuation times obtained by the proposed algorithm are under 100 ms, the method is suitable for its use as a backup protection.

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Chen, Pan. "The Dilemma and the Way out of the Security Zone System in International Law in Armed Conflict." Studies in Law and Justice 1, no. 1 (November 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/slj.2022.11.02.

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Safe havens as humanitarian operations are often found in the midst of armed conflict, providing shelter to people in extreme situations. As a way of responding to mass displacement and protecting lives, they have played an irreplaceable and positive role in armed conflicts. In armed conflict, people in safe havens are provided with physical protection and humanitarian assistance, but in past practice, safe havens have not always been effective and reliable in achieving these goals. Therefore, it is necessary to further understand the security zone within the framework of international law, remove the obstacles that prevent the security zone system from being effective, and enhance the stability and effectiveness of the security zone within the framework of international law.

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Kosolapov, Aleksei, Grigoriy Skripka, Olga Ivlieva, and Ludmila Bespalova. "The use of a software and hardware complex created on the basis of unmanned aerial vehiclesand GIS technologies for monitoring the erosion processes of the water protection zone of the Belgorod reservoir." InterCarto. InterGIS 27, no. 1 (2021): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-1-27-339-350.

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Determining value of erosion network density in the water protection zone is the compulsory index in the automated information system of water bodies state monitoring. The authors of the article developed and tested when studying the Tsimlyansk reservoir water protection zone recommendations for determining erosion network density by materials of distant inspections carried out using pilot-less aircraft (PLA) and tools of geographic information systems (GIS). In the article assessment of erosion network density for the Belgorodsk reservoir water protection zone carried out using given recommendations is presented. Such inspections are especially actual for the banks where regular observation benchmark network is lacking or they have low transport accessibility. Based on series of photographs made by pilotless aircrafts using Agisoft Photo Scan programme relief numerical models and orthophotomaps of the water protection zone are constructed. By direct and indirect signs position of tolwegs for the relief linear erosion forms of different orders—from furrows and grooves to brooks and small rivers. According to the recommendations developed by the authors, the water protection zone is divided into elementary segments and for every of them the value of erosion network density determined using GIS tools. Assessment of erosion network density showed that on the background of general low degree of the relief horizontal dismemberment for the Belgorodsk reservoir water protection zone the reservoir right-bank within Shebekinsky municipal region was distinguished noticeably. The erosion network density of this plot by 5–7 times exceeds the value of this parameter for the whole water protection zone of the reservoir. And only here relief erosion forms fully located within the water protection zone predominate noticeably, that is not characteristic for the rest part e the reservoir cost.

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Bychkov, Igor, Olga Gagarinova, Irina Orlova, and Victor Bogdanov. "Water Protection Zoning as an Instrument of Preservation for Lake Baikal." Water 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101474.

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The article is dedicated to the justification and practical implementation of a nature protection-based methodological approach to define the boundaries of the Lake Baikal protection zone and form proposals related to the harmonization of instruments of environmentally responsible development of the territory, which has the status of a World Heritage site as it contains 20% of the world’s fresh water supply. An analysis of the contemporary conditions of Lake Baikal and its surrounding landscapes show environmental degradation of the area. The most important aspects in solving the existing problem may be the construction of a science-based definition of the Lake Baikal water protection zone and compliance with the universal global values related to the requirements of ecological threat prevention. The main landscape-hydrological design principles for the water protection zone are studied in this article. A method for the functional water protection zoning of urban territories is also given. This has been implemented in Baikalsk town, which is located on the Baikal shore and is considered to be one of the most environmentally damaged territories. Proposals include recommendations on the harmonization of the landscape-hydrological principles of territory assessment and methods for target landscape planning; the setting of various restrictions within the boundaries of existing industrial and settlement zones; the creation of an overall system of environmental health monitoring for Lake Baikal and its protection zones; and for ensuring interactions with the public.

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Yurina, T. A., M. A. Belik, E. V. Truflyak, S. B. Babenko, and A. A. Lesnyak. "An Integrated Agricultural Crop Protection System in the Krasnodar Territory." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2022-1-8-11.

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The results of the use of biological products in the cultivation of agricultural crops in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory are presented. The best options for the integrated protection of winter wheat, sunflower and grain corn are given with an assessment of the yield and quality of the grain obtained.

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Li, Fu Cheng, and Qing Wang. "Predicaments and Protective Actions of Giant Panda Habitat of Baoxing County in Sichuan Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5099.

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The giant panda habitat of Baoxing County, located in the transition zone from Sichuan Basin to the edge of southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the critical and key ecological function areas. At present, the puzzled problems present that the whole ecological system was interrupted by ecological management from different local department policy and the long merits for protecting giant habitat was weaken by short-term economic profits from natural resources. Exploring marbles and constructing hydropower plants and the livelihood activities of residents in the world heritage protection zone threatened to the protection for giant panda habitats. The government and people have taken a series of measures in recent years to deal with conflict: setting up nature reserves, establishing ecological protection projects, speeding up adjustment of industrial structure and international cooperation. The development practice of Baoxing County over the years shows that it is a sustainable and effective measure to grow economy while simultaneously protecting the giant panda habitats through Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM). However, giant panda protection is destined a protracted battle in economy development process.

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Zulkarnaini, Zulkarnaini, and Muhammad Rizki. "Study of Coordination on Protection Relay in High Voltage Transmission 150 kV (Payakumbuh – Koto Padang, West Sumatra)." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501021.

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The disturbance of the high voltage transmission can be caused by a short circuit, overload, lightning surge, and other natural disturbances. That disturbance can lead to disruption of the distribution of electricity and damage to the electric power system installation equipment. A reliable protection system that can identify the disturbance quickly and also can securing affected parts of the system from other parts that can still operate normally are needed. Protection system operation may fail due to various factors; therefore, in addition to primary protection required backup protection that can work as primary protection fails to work. Distance relays can be used as primary protection as well as remote backup protection on high-voltage transmission. While overcurrent relay (OCR) and ground fault relay (GFR) is used as a local backup if distance relay failed to work. This research conducted a study of protection relays coordination for primary protection or backup protection on the high-voltage transmission that connects to Payakumbuh substation and Koto Panjang substation. Coordination is done by calculating the distance relay settings that use as primary protection as well as remote backup protection relay settings and calculating the overcurrent and ground fault relay that used as local backup protection. From the calculation, we get setting time to coordinate distance relay, overcurrent relay, and ground fault relay. Setting time was conducted to the first zone of the distance relay within 0 sec, and the second zone within 0.4 sec and third zone within 1.2 sec. For overcurrent relay and ground fault relay use time delay 1 second where the value is above the value that used in the second zone of distance relay. Distance relay can be coordinated with the auto-reclose relay to close the circuit breaker automatically sometime after a temporary disturbance. Setting that use to auto reclose relay is dead time 1 second and reclaim time 40 second. The coordination between the distance relay with auto-reclose relay can improve the quality of distribution of electrical energy.

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Hunchak, M. "Ecotoxicological reasonig for chemical protection systems of apple trees (Malus) against harmful organisms in the conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine." Agroecological journal, no. 2 (May 17, 2023): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2023.283703.

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It was established that the most common phytophagous pests in apple orchards of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine in 2015–2020 were apple fruit borer, aphids, leafhoppers, mites, apple moth, flower eater and Epicometishirta Poda. The most common diseases of apple orchards in the studied area were scab, powdery mildew, fruit rot and moniliosis. On the basis of phytosanitary data, an improved and intensive system of chemical protection of apple orchards against a complex of harmful organisms was developed, which was adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine. The system of intensive chemical protection, which included 12 treatments with chemical pesticides provided technical efficiency against pests and diseases from 86.5 to 97.1%, yield at the level of 26.5 t/ha, including 65.8% fruits first class. Using this system, they received a profit of UAH 85,042.10 from 1 ha and a profitability of 66.98%. The improved protection system ensured a reduction of the pesticide load on the garden ecosystem through the use of low-polarity pesticides. The yield when using the improved protection system was 26.1 t/ha, including 64.7% of the 1st grade, and the technical efficiency ranged from 83.5 to 95.2%. The application of this system made it possible to obtain a profit in the amount of UAH 87,336.89 from 1 ha, with a profitability level of 71.9%. The agro-ecotoxicological index for all protection systems was less than 1, that is, the studied protection systems are not very dangerous and do not lead to ecosystem pollution. For an intensive chemical protection system, this indicator ranged from 0.30 (Izon 0.7) to 0.85 (Izon 0.5). For the improved protection system, AETI ranged from 0.017 (Izon 0.7) to 0.041 (Izon 0.5).

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Sriram, Cholleti, and Y. Kusumalatha. "Three zone detection and distance relay co-ordination of power system protection." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp919-928.

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To secure the transmission lines against power system faults, the distance relays are mostly used. Distance relay has its own Resistance (R)–Reactance (X) characteristics. Co-ordination of different distance relays is necessary for the fast operation of circuit breaker. Various distance relays which are being tripped with respect to circuit breakers which are attached at individual buses faraway from each other. These relays will be operated with respect to the distance between the occurred fault and relay location. In this paper, detection of three zones using relay characteristics, co-ordination of distance relays and circuit breakers are shown with the faults placed at different locations of an IEEE Nine bus system using MATLAB/Simulink GUI environment. A comparison also made between the relays performance and circuit breaker tripping operation with respect to severe faults at different locations on IEEE Nine bus system.

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Middleton, Dan, James Bonneson, and Hassan Charara. "New Evidence of Improvements in Dilemma Zone Protection by Detection-Control System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2259, no. 1 (January 2011): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2259-14.

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Han, Zhengqing, Zeyuan Yan, Yujie Xia, and Bo Li. "Protection Schemes for Uniline Zone in Bilateral AT Traction Power Supply System." Energy and Power Engineering 05, no. 04 (2013): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/epe.2013.54b092.

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Park, Sung Yoon, Chien-Lun Lan, Gang-Len Chang, Devendra Tolani, and Peter Huang. "Design and Predeployment Assessment of an Integrated Intersection Dilemma Zone Protection System." Journal of Transportation Engineering 142, no. 12 (December 2016): 04016063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000894.

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Wu, Fengqiang, Caijian Mo, Xiaojun Dai, and Hongmei Li. "Spatial Analysis of Cultivated Land Productivity, Site Condition and Cultivated Land Health at County Scale." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912266.

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Cultivated land is a fundamental factor related to the social stability and sustainable development of the whole country. However, the safety of quantity and quality of cultivated land has decreased year by year, resulting in great challenges to the sustainable development of cultivated land. Cultivated land productivity, site conditions, and soil health jointly determine the sustainable development potential of cultivated land. Analyzing and calculating the coupling and cooperative relationship between these three subsystems can provide a theoretical and methodological reference for protecting and zoning cultivated land resources. Using Jiangyou City as a case study, this paper constructs a coupling coordination degree model of cultivated land productivity, site conditions, and soil health assessment systems in different geomorphic regions, and comprehensively analyzes the level of sustainable development of cultivated land in the study area. The results show that there are differences in the development potential of cultivated land resources in the mountainous regions in the north, the hilly regions in the center, and the plain regions in the south of Jiangyou City. The coupling coordination index of the three regions were calculated as 0.34, 0.51, and 0.63, respectively, for which the overall average coupling coordination index is 0.57; notably, it only reaches the “barely coordination” level. Based on our analysis results, the cultivated lands in Jiangyou City are classified into the following zones: core protection zone, dominant remediation zone, and key regulation zone. The cultivated land located in the core protection zone has a high coupling coordination index, which can be used as the preferred area for the delimitation of high standard basic farmland and permanent basic farmland. For the cultivated land located in the dominant remediation zone, the development of its subsystems is unbalanced. Comprehensive land improvement projects can be carried out in this zone to improve the overall quality. For the cultivated land located in the key regulation zone, it is recommended to implement projects such as returning farmland to forests to improve land use efficiency. In particular, the evaluation index system constructed in this paper is sufficiently representative, as it can support the classification, quality improvement, and sustainable use of cultivated land. Thus, other similar countries and regions can learn from the evaluation system constructed in this paper.

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Akhramovych, Volodymyr. "Method of calculating of the information in social networks protection depending on the number of communities." Collection "Information Technology and Security" 11, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2411-1031.2023.11.1.279868.

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A mathematical model (linear system of differential equations) was developed and a research of the model of personal data protection against the number of communities and the intensity of data transfer in social networks was conducted. The linear system of information protection in social networks in the mathematical sense of this term is considered. When described by linear models, the object should be linear, at least approximately. This approach makes it quite simple to consider mathematical models. If such a thing is not noticed, it is necessary to examine the security system for linearity. Such dependecies has been studied: the dependence of the amount of information flow in the social network on the components of information protection, the amount of personal data, and the speed of the data flow; the security of the system on the size of the system (as well as on the amount of personal data); information security threats on the number of communities, and also calculated: – coefficient representing the impact of information protection measures; – coefficient representing the impact of data leakage rate; – the coefficient representing the influence of the amount of data on its leakage; – the coefficient representing the influence of the system size on system security; – coefficient representing the impact of system security on data leakage; – the number of connections in the social networks; – number of vertices in the social networks; – the parameter can be used to configure the network partitioning algorithm. The solution has been obtained - the harmonic oscillator equation, which breaks down into three cases: pre-resonance zone, resonance zone and post-resonance zone. So, the impact of the parameters of the number of communities on the parameters of the social network security system was investigated. Such a study is useful and important from the point of view of information protection in the network, since the parameters of the number of communities has significant influence, up to 100%, per protection indicator. As the result of research, it was established that social network security systems are non-linear.

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Stošić, Andrea, Ante Marušić, and Juraj Havelka. "Transmission lines protection using SIPROTEC numerical relays." Journal of Energy - Energija 66, no. 1-4 (June 23, 2022): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2017661-4103.

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This paper analyses the fundamental principles of distance protection relays while highlighting the importance of correct relay parameterising through a set of relay tests. Numerical distance relays can have up to 6 distance zones, and nowadays most of them have a quadrilateral (polygonal) characteristic. The specific objective of this study was to apply those principles on a SIPROTEC distance protection 7SA611 relay with the help of Omicron CMC 56 testing device, as well as to describe the testing process. As a part of the testing, DIGSI and Test Universe Software were used. Experimental results confirm the theoretical principles of distance protection and show the advantages of numerical relays. This paper concludes that optimal choice of reach settings and time delays between the zones, as well as zone directions, can significantly impact the selectivity of the protection system, and therefore the scope and time of the outage.

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Kapov, S., A. Kojukhov, A. Orlyansky, A. Petenev, and P. Khaustov. "The role of the organic farming system in the development of society." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021710001.

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The experience of the development and use of the system of dry farming in the Stavropol Territory is considered, the causes and prerequisites for the emergence of an adaptive-landscape farming system are identified. It is shown that the farming systems of the Stavropol Territory are in constant development, they function in conditions of the joint manifestation of water and wind erosion. As a result of degradation, a third of the arable land of the region is in the zone of erosion processes. The expediency of the development of a universal soil protection system of agriculture, aimed at protecting the soil from water and wind erosion, is substantiated.

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Meng, Zhigang, Fengnian Wang, Gan Qi, Xuebin Cui, and Juan Ma. "Stability Monitoring and Deformation Laws of the Yuanjue Cave in the Influence Zone of the Unloading Zone." Geofluids 2021 (February 5, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6696030.

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As a representative of cliff-like stone cultural relics, caves are carved on natural mountains and cliffs, which overlap with the influence zone of the geological unloading zone. Cracks in the unloading zone lead to stability issues, including falling blocks, collapse, water seepage, and deformation. This article analyzes the stability of the roof facing the Yuanjue Cave, the cultural heritage site of Dazu Rock Carvings. We systematically analyzed the characteristics of the Yuanjue Cave and established a method to monitor cave stability based on the framework of the protection system. As shown through in-field practice, the monitoring method showed good modularization, construction, and spatial expansion performance in narrow spaces. Taking fracture displacement, roof subsidence, roof denudation rates, and roof pressure as monitoring elements, the method showed high precision over a short timeframe. The deformation law of the surrounding rock mass was also obtained through coupling the analysis of multisource monitoring data in the Yuanjue Cave. The method could integrate protection and monitoring systems, permitting preservation of the Yuanjue Cave and its cultural relics, providing a useful reference for similar cases.

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Chen, Dongli, Degang Yang, Xinhuan Zhang, Yannan Zhao, and Yufang Zhang. "Spatial Suitability Evaluation of an Arid City Based on the Perspective of Major Function Oriented Zoning: A Case Study of Urumqi City in Xinjiang, China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093004.

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The realization of regional sustainable development has been a popular research topic during the process of urbanization. To explore the coordination relationships between urban development and ecological security—taking Urumqi city, a representative arid city in Xinjiang, China, as a study area—this study has constructed a framework of spatial suitability evaluation based on the characteristics of a Mountain–Oasis–Desert System (MODS) in an arid area under the framework of major function oriented zoning (MFOZ). A spatial overlay analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) with a 5 m × 5 m grid or towns and streets as the basic unit was applied to comprehensively evaluate spatial suitability. The results showed that the study area was zoned into a forbidden development zone (as patches set in towns and streets), an ecological protection zone (nine towns or streets), a moderate development zone (16 towns or streets), and a key development zone (82 towns or streets), accounting for 30.35%, 32.50%, 23.79%, and 13.36%, respectively. The zoning results provided a basis to pointedly put forward the development and protection strategies of each administrative unit; and the research framework can be applied to other arid areas for the decision-making related to the urban space layout and environmental management.

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Zhang, Xian Fu, Chang Lai Xiao, Yong Qing Li, and Ding Feng Song. "Water Environmental Quality Assessment and Protection Strategies of the Xinlicheng Reservoir, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1863.

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Based on the monthly monitoring data in the Xinlicheng Reservoir from 2008 to 2011 in 3 zones (fluvial, transitional and lacustrine), 6 water quality variables were selected as evaluation indicators to evaluate the water environmental quality by improved Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method. The results indicated the reservoir water quality reached classII or III during the study period and met the requirements of centralized drinking water. No significant differences (P > 0.05) for Nemerow indexes were detected among seasons and zones. However, that Nemerow indexes slightly decreased along the longitudinal axis of reservoir showed the water quality in the lacustrine zone was better than that in the fluvial zone, which implied the reservoir ecological system had self-purification function. The improved Nemerow index method based on weight is objective, and the pollution factor with maximum weight is total phosphorus (TP) which is followed by ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total nitrogen (TN). Water quality protection strategies should focus on controlling nutrient emissions and prevent eutrophication, including exogenous governance and endogenous control.

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Gusti, Deoka, I. Gede Dyana Arjana, and Cokorde Gede Indra Partha. "STUDI KOORDINASI KERJA RELAI JARAK SEBAGAI PENGAMAN CADANGAN PADA SALURAN 150 KV GIS PESANGGARAN-GI NUSA DUA." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2021.v08.i02.p14.

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The development of Pesanggaran Conventional Substation into the Pesanggaran GasInsulated Switchgear (GIS) as a form of increasing the reliability of the electric power system inBali which led to changes in the protection system configuration on the transmission lineconnecting the GIS Pesanggaran and Nusa Dua Substation. The distance relay that waspreviously functioning as a primary protection was changed to backup protection due to the lackof selectivity of the distance relay in isolate the disruption and as the backup protection if themain protection experiencing a failure. Simulation testing using power system analysis softwareafter determining the value of the distance relay setting and tested with short circuit at 110%and 180% of the transmission line length shows the distance relay has worked according to theP3B JB regulation No. 211/151/P3B/2010 and distance relay can detect disruption in zone 2with a delay time of 0,815 seconds and detect disruption in zone 3 with a delay time of 1,615seconds.

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Herul Anuar, Sarah, and Rasyidah Mohd Idris. "Overcurrent Relay for Generation Distribution Utilization." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.393.

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Distributed Generation (DG) is the production of electricity from a variety of renewable energy sources that is closer to the customer and load. The addition of distributed generation sources to the distribution networks alters the characteristics of distribution system and has an influence on its protection coordination. Relay protection plays a critical function in protecting a power system from various problems. Relay protection coordination reduces relay operating time and avoids relay failure. As a result, a fault analysis of the distribution network with and without distributed generation installation is required to determine the effects of installing DG at the radial system on overcurrent relay protection. The software programmed ETAP version 19.0 was used to represent an actual distribution system in this research paper. The consequences on the overcurrent protection relay were discovered as a result of the analysis. Simultaneously, the presence of an overcurrent relay following the installation of DG may no longer be dependable. As a result, it is critical to assess the effects of DG installation in order to verify that the protective zone can be properly protected.

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Emhemad Aker, Elhadi, Mohammad Lutfi Othman, Ishak Aris, Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab, Hashim Hizam, and Osaji Emmanuel. "Adverse Impact of STATCOM on the Performance of Distance Relay." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp528-536.

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FACTS devices like the Static synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), are mostly used to enhance the maximum power transfer capability of the transmission Line (TL) system. A Matlab simulation model of Distance Relay protection of TL, with connected STATCOM at the mid-point for optimum power transfer is presented. The STATCOM’s impact on the operation of the relay is assessed with the effects on the relay misoperation in the third zone of protection coverage, during fault conditions, in four different locations.The wrong measured fault impedance by relay resulted to misoperation in zone 3 (under reach phenomena). The simulation result indicates a slight increase in the measured impedance of 1.33 Ω over the actually expected impedance setting (72.02 Ω) of the relay at 220 km protection coverage of zone 3 along the TL. This variation is about 4 km distance outside the expected distance protection coverage for fault in zone 3 as proven.

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Suman, Preetam. "Fibre optic sensor enabled containment zone." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2068.

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There are many sensitive areas like country borders, banks, forests, army cantonments, jails which requires continuous monitoring and surveillance. Intruders and illegal elements try to break the security and enter into these areas. In the same way there is another sensitive zone called containment zone required protection to prevent spread of viruses like corona. Every country has established their own protocols to maintain containment zone. Security officials monitored the sensitive areas but still it was not safe enough. In this case there is need of an invisible security mechanism which can be applicable in maintaining movements in containment zones. It will be very important to detect any movement in the sensitive area. Therefore, this paper provides a solution to protect sensitive zones. The solution consists of optical fibre sensor along with reporting and alarming system. The design and implementation is explained in the paper along with results. The proposed solution can be implemented to secure zone for multiple applications.

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Gurwin, Jacek. "Integration of numerical models and geoinformatic techniques in the delimitation of a protection zone for the MGB 319 complex multi-aquifer system in southwest Poland." Geologos 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logos-2015-0014.

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Abstract The study area, situated near the city of Wrocław in southwest Poland, is part of the hydrogeological system of the Quaternary/Neogene MGB 319, inclusive of a buried valley of high water potential, named the Bogdaszowice structure. This structure is an alternative source of water supply for the Wrocław city area. Numerical modelling is the most effective tool in establishing a groundwater protection strategy for Major Groundwater Basins (MGBs) in complex aquifer systems. In the present study, the first step was to assess the hydrodynamic conditions of the Radakowice groundwater intake by analyses of head contours, pathlines, average flow times and capture zones of particular wells. Subsequently, these results were used in combination with other data and compiled as GIS layers. The spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity was based on the lithology of surface sediments. Other data sets such as the thickness of the unsaturated zone, average soil moisture and infiltration rate were taken either directly from the model or were calculated. Based on the input data obtained, vertical flow time calculations for every model cell were made. The final outcome is a map of the protection zone for the aquifer system of the MGB 319.

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Wu, Songze, and Dongyan Wang. "Storing Grain in the Land: The Gestation, Delineation Framework, and Case of the Two Zones Policy in China." Land 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2023): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040806.

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Cultivated land (CL) protection is an overarching strategic concern for stabilizing the agricultural foundation and for achieving the sustainable development of the national economy and society. Faced with the challenges of the dual drives of complex domestic and international situations, China’s CL protection system has coupled the quantity and quality dimensions and focused on a dynamic balancing system and permanent basic farmland (PBF) policy. However, it has had difficulty meeting the objectives of sustainable agricultural development and is undergoing upgrades. Accordingly, the Chinese government has issued a CL protection policy that includes adjusting the planting structure, optimizing the agricultural layout, and adding the three dimensions of quantity, quality, and planting structure, namely “Delimitation of the Grain Production Functional Zone and the Important Agricultural Product Production-Protection Zone” (the “two zones” policy). With regard to the ambiguous understanding of the two zones policy, this study aims to explore the following issues: (1) How was the two zones policy conceived? (2) What mechanism does it use to make up for the deficiencies of the previous policy? (3) How does it integrate the three dimensions of quantity, quality, and planting structure? (4) How to reasonably delimit the two zones. To solve these problems, this paper first reviews the evolution of China’s CL protection policies and explains the incubation process of the two zones policy and its connotation and mechanism. Then, a delineation framework process is proposed and the approaches of executing the two zones policy on a regional scale are discussed. Furthermore, a real delimitation was conducted in Qianguo County to validate the framework. The evidence shows that customizing CL use according to regional resource potential differentiation and forming a CL protection policy with the three dimensions of quantity, quality, and structure are effective in improving the productive potential of CL and promoting the adjustment of the planting structure. Furthermore, the framework and case study findings of the delimitation provide a theoretical reference and practical foundation to translate macro policy into micro management.

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Erdogan, Caglar, and Geoffrey Swain. "The Effects of Biofouling and Corrosion Products on Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System Design for Offshore Monopile Foundations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111670.

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The robustness of the cathodic protection systems utilized for offshore wind monopile foundations depends on the surface condition of the steel as well as the environmental conditions. This study investigated how preexisting biofouling and corrosion products on vertical uncoated steel surfaces extending from the intertidal zone to the buried zone affected the cathodic protection requirements when impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) was applied under tidal conditions. The comparative results between initially clean and previously fouled and corroded panel sets showed that the fouling and corrosion products increased both the initial and mean current densities. They also altered the composition, slowed the formation, and reduced the protective properties of cathodic chalks during nine weeks of deployment in seawater at Port Canaveral, Florida.

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YUANITA, NITA, ALAMSYAH KURNIAWAN, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN AL HAKIM, KRISNA REYNALDI IRAWAN, and NOVIANTO WONO SAPUTRA. "PHYSICAL MODEL OF NATURAL COASTAL PROTECTION SYSTEM: GEOBAG-DYKE PERFORMANCE TO EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL COASTAL PROTECTION SYSTEM." Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 15, no. 6 (August 30, 2020): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jbsd.2020.08.008.

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One of the potential hazards that can cause major problems in coastal areas is erosion. In order to solve this problem, the notion of sustainable coastal development has garnered growing attention around the world. Coastal zone management mechanisms aim to ensure the sustainability of resources and the environment. For example, natural coastal protection using vegetation such as mangrove trees is currently preferred in many places in the world. However, there are challenges in the development of this natural form of coastal protection, e.g. mangrove seedling trees can be damaged by the waves or the current before they grow strong enough, and thus require appropriate protection until at least two years after planting. To solve this problem, a natural coastal protection system that combines a main natural protection and a temporary man-made structure is proposed. After a process of weighing temporary man-made-structure alternatives, the geobag dyke was selected. This study aimed to quantify the effects of various geobag dyke configurations and geobag unit weights on wave height reduction. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a narrow wave flume using a mangrove model as main natural protection and geotextilegeobag models as temporary man-made structures. Various wave conditions were generated during the laboratory tests. This paper focuses on the experimental results of wave transmission through the protection system in order to determine the most effective geobag dyke configuration to reduce the wave height. Based on experimental modelling, the most effective geobag dyke configuration uses relatively heavy geobag units with a moderate dyke slope (1:1.5).

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Trehub, Mykola, Yuliia Trehub, Yuliia Zabolotna, and Oleksandr Yankin. "PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF STATE REGISTRATION OF SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES." Spatial development, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2022.1.268-276.

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Peculiarities of the state registration of sanitary protection zones in the state land cadastre were studied. There are three types of state registration of sanitary protection zones in the state land cadastre. The first case: simultaneous state registration of the land parcel on which the regime-forming object is located and the sanitary protection zone around it. For this case, three features are systematized: if the right to a land parcel is issued for the first time and the sanitary protection zone has not yet been established around it; if there is a state act on the right of ownership or use of a land parcel, and the information about it is not registered in the state land cadastre; if, for certain reasons, division or unification of previously formed land parcels is carried out without changing their purpose. The second case: state registration is diluted in time. For this case, two types of specific features are systematized: the land management documentation for the land parcel with the regime-forming object located on it was developed and passed state registration and the data was entered into the automated system of the state land cadastre, while the data on the sanitary protection zone was not updated; data on the land parecel have already been entered in the state land cadastre, but the regime-forming object is not yet available. The third case: the need to update the data on the sanitary protection zone, while the data on the land parcel remain unchanged. The corresponding case should be the most common, taking into account the modern development of technologies and constant changes in the standards of environmental norms. Its relevance is determined by trends regarding the possibility of changes in the direction of the targeted use of the land plot and rapid adaptation of the company's profile to rapid changes in market conditions.

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Skripka, Grigory, Olga Ivlieva, Lyudmila Bespalova, Anton Filatov, and Vladislav Saprygin. "Monitoring of dangerous shore processes of Tsimlyansk Reservoir using GIS-technologies." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 2 (2020): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-2-26-253-263.

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In the article, the degree of displaying dangerous exogenetic geological processes (abrasion, landslide, erosion) of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir at the present stage of reforming its shores is assessed. A new original methodology for monitoring morphological and morphometrical characteristics of different shore types of the reservoir, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and Agisoft Photoscan tooling is proposed. For a number of shore sections of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, assessment of consequence for stirring up abrasion activity being expressed in stepping back the edge of shore steeps and reducing land fund is carried out. In the automated information system of water bodies state monitoring, a compulsory index is monitoring of erosion dismemberment. Methods to carry out erosion processes monitoring in water protection zones (WPZ) of water bodies using software and apparatus complex, created on the base of UAVs and GIS-technologies are developed and tested, an optimal type of digital elevation models (DEM) for assessing erosion network density is determined. Based on series of photographs carried out by UAVs by the DEMs and orthophotomaps, created using Agisoft Photoscan software, the relief erosion forms are determined. Morphometrical characteristics of the relief erosion forms are also measured, the erosion network density (K) for a number of plots in the water protection zones of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir coast is determined. In the protection zone of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, comprehensive analysis is carried out, assessment of demographic load on the coastal area of the reservoir is conducted. Territorial zoning according to the degree of demographic load is carried out and it will allow in the future to organize planning timely measures for protecting coastal zones. The results obtained in the course of work allowed to make conclusions for the sections of the reservoir water protection zone most subject to anthropogenic activity and to propose a package of measures for its reducing.

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Ashraf, O., and G. Tikhomirov. "NEW CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR SD-TMSR." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2021, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2021-1-48-54.

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The current work introduces a reliable safety system based on control rods in addition to the online feed system reactivity control in the Single-fluid Double-zone Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactor (SD-TMSR). The reactivity of the SD-TMSR core is controlled through two systems of control assemblies: (1) the Control Safety Devices (CSD) and (2) the Diverse Safety Devices (DSD). In the present work, the control rods are natural B4C and B4C-90 (with 90% weight content of the main absorbing 10B isotope). Since the numbers and distribution of control assemblies in SD-TMSR have not been studied previously, we proposed a unique distribution as a starting point for this analysis. The distribution of these 25 fuel assemblies with control rods in the SD-TMSR core and their numbering scheme were presented in this paper. Additionally, excess reactivity, control rod worth, and shutdown margin were calculated using Monte Carlo code Serpent2. Analysis results showed that the proposed placement of the control rods will make it possible to compensate for excess reactivity during fuel burnout and emergency shutdown of the reactor.

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Yun, Ki-Seob, Byong-Jun Lee, and Hwa-Chang Song. "A Special Protection Scheme Against a Local Low-Voltage Problem and Zone 3 Protection in the KEPCO System." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2007.2.3.294.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ZONE PROTECTION SYSTEM'

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