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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Boomer, Ian, Nigel R. Ainsworth, and John Exton. "A re-examination of the Pliensbachian and Toarcian Ostracoda of Zambujal, west-central Portugal." Journal of Micropalaeontology 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.17.1.1.

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Abstract. Pliensbachian and Toarcian Ostracoda first described by Exton (Geological Paper, Carleton University, Ottawa, 79: 1–104 1979) from the Lusitanian Basin, west-central Portugal have been re-examined. As a result, a greater diversity in the Ostracoda (80 species) is now recognized. Two species are newly described (Eucytherura zambujalensis sp. nov., Ektyphocythere mediodepressa sp. nov.) from the marls and calcareous shales of the Maria Pares Hill section near the village of Zambujal. Poor preservation precludes a complete taxonomic review of the present material. Five ostracod zones are proposed; Gammacythere ubiquita–Ogmoconchella gruendeli Zone, Poly cope cerasia–Polycope cincinnata Zone, Liasina lanceolata–Ogmoconcha convexa Zone, Bairdiacypris rectangularis–Kinkelinella sermoisensis Zone, and Cytherella toarcensis-Kinkelinella costata Zone. Although the ostracod assemblages possess strong similarities to those described from Northwest Europe, some of the Zambujal assemblages are dominated by the genus Polycope. A marked faunal turnover, in association with the extinction of the Metacopina occurs in the lower Subzone of the tenuicostatum Zone of Lower Toarcian age. These faunal events are discussed in relation to changing environmental conditions.

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2

Krijger, Tom-Eric. "Extraterritorial Privacy Zone?" TSEG - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 18, no. 3 (November 29, 2021): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52024/tseg.11042.

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The Protestant Reformation led to a radical redrawing of the map of Europe, severely affecting international relations. An important consequence of Protestantism was the emphasis on the private dimension of religious practices, as it did away with clerical intermediaries and instead put the focus on the direct relationship between God and the believer. In this context, to facilitate diplomatic traffic between Catholic and Protestant countries, ambassadors came to enjoy the so-called Right of Chapel, allowing them to create a private place of worship and have a private chaplain at their ambassadorial residences. This right was explicitly included in two treaties that the Kingdom of Portugal and the Dutch Republic concluded with each other in the mid-seventeenth century. However, the two parties to the treaties had starkly different understandings of what was meant by ‘private’. Both of these treaties granted Dutch citizens in Portugal freedom of conscience in their own houses, but the contrasting interpretations of what ‘private’ actually meant for the Dutch and for the Portuguese resulted in serious disagreement about the exact scope of these religious rights.

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3

Ferreira Gomes, Luis M. "Protection Perimeter of a New Mineral Water in an Essentially Urban Environment: The Case of the São Tiago Medical Spa (Portugal)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022054.

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Abstract São Tiago medical spa is an integrated structure in a new Health Tourism Complex, in Penamacor, Portugal, with a recent start of operation, due to the classification of a new natural mineral water in place. That medical spa bases its exploration on the natural mineral water obtained from the Well P1. Thus, to facilitate the preservation of the quality of the resource, natural mineral water, one of the fundamental instruments is the implementation of a Protection Perimeter of Well P1 and its associated aquifer system. In this sense, in this paper, after briefly presenting the basic geoenvironmental aspects that are the base for the elaboration of the Protection Perimeter, the methodology of its elaboration is explained, with the final solution, which constitutes a territory organized by three zones: Immediate Protection Zone, Intermediate Protection Zone and Extended Protection Zone. The official restrictions legally foreseen for those zones are mentioned and the official systematization of the current occupation of the territory is presented, in terms of the Municipal Master Plan (PDM), while emphasizing the potential sources of existing pollution. Finally, some comments are made about the future orientation regarding the occupation of the territory in the interior zones of the Protection Perimeter, so that the new Health Tourism complex, consisting of a medical spa, hotel, and aqualudic spaces, endures in the time, and helps the sustained economic growth of the region.

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4

Leandro, Sérgio Miguel, Peter Tiselius, and Henrique Queiroga. "Spatial and temporal scales of environmental forcing of Acartia populations (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the Canal de Mira (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal)†." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 3 (February 8, 2013): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst008.

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Abstract Zooplankton and hydrological data were collected from August 2000 and June 2002 at six stations distributed throughout Canal de Mira (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). The abundance of Acartia clausi and Acartia tonsa adults and juveniles of Acartia spp. for each station and month were combined in a three-way data matrix, which was decomposed into three two-way matrices corresponding to different modes: biological, time, and space. Cluster analysis applied on the space mode revealed the existence of three different zones as a consequence of zooplankton composition. At each mode, principal component analysis showed strong seasonal variations in zones 1 and 2. A different spatial pattern was found between the periods November 2000–April 2001 and November 2001–April 2002, with the displacement of the highest abundance levels from the middle estuary to near the mouth. The congeneric populations were segregated in space: the A. clausi population was restricted to downstream stations (zone 1), whereas the A. tonsa population dominated the middle estuary. Significant correlations between hydrological parameters and copepod abundance were found to differ from zone to zone. The statistical methodology was a valuable tool to (i) discriminate spatial and seasonal distribution patterns, (ii) define estuarine sections based on the faunistic composition, and (iii) evaluate delayed effects of phytoplankton.

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5

XU, CHEN, RONG JIAYU, CHARLES E. MITCHELL, DAVID A. T. HARPER, FAN JUNXUAN, ZHAN RENBIN, ZHANG YUANDONG, LI RONGYU, and WANG YI. "Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian graptolite and brachiopod biozonation from the Yangtze region, South China, with a global correlation." Geological Magazine 137, no. 6 (November 2000): 623–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800004702.

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Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian is an important geological period marked by large geological and biological events. However, the strata and fossils of this interval are not complete in many parts of the world. Based on studies of 43 sites in South China, in particular the continuous sections on the Yangtze platform, we recognize a complete succession including seven graptolite zones and two shelly faunas. In ascending order, the graptolite zones are the Dicellograptus complanatus, Dicellograptus complexus, Paraorthograptus pacificus (including Lower Subzone, Tangyagraptus typicus Subzone and Diceratograptus mirus Subzone), Normalograptus extraordinarius–Normalograptus ojsuensis, Normalograptus persculptus, Akidograptus ascensus and Parakidograptus acuminatus zones. The shelly faunas are the Foliomena–Nankinolithus and Hirnantia faunas, which may be correlated with D. complanatus Zone and N. extraordinarius–N. ojsuensis to part of N. persculptus zones respectively. The biozonation through this interval from the Yangtze region can be correlated with that of other parts of the world such as Dob's Linn in Scotland, Spain and Portugal, Thuringia–Saxonia–Bavaria, Bohemia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Kolyma, Malaya Peninsula, Yukon, Canadian Arctic Islands, Nevada, Argentina, Niger and Victoria, Australia. The Hirnantian Substage, which has been proposed by us recently, includes the N. extraordinarius–N. ojsuensis Zone, Hirnantia fauna and N. persculptus Zone. The base of the Hirnantian Substage is marked by the First Appearance Data (FADs) of N. extraordinarius and N. ojsuensis, which have been determined to be synchronous on a global scale.

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6

Taveira Pinto, Francisco. "The practice of coastal zone management in Portugal." Journal of Coastal Conservation 10, no. 1 (2004): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1652/1400-0350(2004)010[0147:tpoczm]2.0.co;2.

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7

Taveira Pinto, Francisco. "The practice of coastal zone management in Portugal." Journal of Coastal Conservation 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02818951.

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8

Salgueiro, R., C. Inverno, and A. Mateus. "Main characteristics and genesis of the Vale de Pães skarn (Cuba-Vidigueira, Ossa Morena Zone, Portugal)." Estudios Geológicos 66, no. 1 (May 19, 2010): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeol.40150.101.

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9

Khenkin, S. "Spain in Zone of Turbulence." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2012): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-4-71-81.

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The global financial and economic crisis abruptly changed the socio-economic and political situation in Spain. While having successfully developed in the decade before the crisis, the country became one of the most unfortunate countries in the EU (the so-called PIIGS group, which also includes Greece, Italy, Portugal and Iceland). After centuries of isolation of Spain integrated into European institutions and started to play a prominent role at the international arena. In the proposed article, the author explores the problems of internal and foreign policy, facing the modern Spain.

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10

Carvalho, J., E. Ramalho, R. Dias, C. Pinto, and R. Ressurreição. "A Geophysical Study of the Carcavai Fault Zone, Portugal." Pure and Applied Geophysics 169, no. 1-2 (May 19, 2011): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0318-y.

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11

Becaud, Marc, Louis Rulleau, and Serge Elmi. "The ammonite fauna renewal at the boundary middle–late Toarcian: new data and consequences." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.1.23.

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Abstract Several proposals have been made concerning the Toarcian informal substages. A three part division, here adopted, includes a Middle Toarcian encompassing the Bifrons and Variabilis ammonite zones, according to the definition well established by Monestier [1921]. Other authors, following Buckman [1888], admit a binary definition but with different meanings. The boundary is placed either below the Variabilis (Lower / Upper Toarcian limit), or below the Thouarsense zones (“Whitbian”–“Yeovilian” limit) [Howarth, 1992]. These differences are largely due to a strong sedimentary instability: condensations, gaps and faunal mixings were widespread during the Variabilis zone in NW Europe and eurocaucasian domain and its Tethyan equivalent, the Gradata zone. Contemporarily, a major renewal occurred in the ammonite faunas. This provoked a near general segregation that is the reason of the use of different zone standards. In NW Europe, the faunal renewal occurred during the Variabilis zone as it as been established in the stratotype localities of Poitou and Vendée (Poitou – Vendée) [Gabilly, 1973, 1976a]. This is also well known in the Causses [Guex, 1972, 1975]. These two areas give good reference sections for the ammonite succession at the top of the Middle Toarcian. These data have been supplemented by recent works concerning NW Europe as well as the Tethyan margins (Portugal, Betics, Morocco, Algeria, Apennines). New observations have also been realized in France (Poitou-Vendée, Causses, Lyon area). They allow to have a better knowledge of the development of the faunal renewal and of the appearance of new taxa (genus, sub and superfamilies). Special attention is given to the Phymatoceratids, Grammoceratids and Hammatoceratoids. In consequence, the main renewal did not happened at the end of the Middle Toarcian (end of the Variabilis zone) but sooner at the beginning of the Illustris subzone. New ammonite morphologies appeared that will dominate the assemblages at the beginning of the late Toarcian (Grammoceratinids) and that will be at the origin of the main Middle Jurassic assemblages (Hammatoceratids). Among the species from the Illustris subzone, some are good markers for the correlations between the faunal domains and provinces (“Pseudogrammoceras” aratum Buck., “Pseudogrammoceras” subregale Pinna, “Geczyceras” costatum (Gab.), Osperleioceras (Pseudopolyplectus) bicarinatum (Ziet.)). It appears that the difficulties to place the Middle–Upper Toarcian limit result closely of the sedimentary perturbations that happened in Europe from the west to the eurocaucasian domains and in the whole western Tethys. The substage problem is secondary as stated by Gabilly but it is convenient for long range comparisons. The main units to establish the correlations are the biostratigraphic zones (biozones). In such a matter, the Variabilis zone is of particular importance, according to the coeval sedimentary and palaeontologic events.

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12

Antunes, A., J. F. Santos, M. R. Azevedo, S. Ribeiro, M. H. Mendes, and S. Ribeiro. "New petrographic, geochemical and geochronological data for the Reguengos de Monsaraz pluton (Ossa Morena Zone, SW Iberian Massif, Portugal)." Estudios Geológicos 66, no. 1 (May 5, 2010): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeol.40162.123.

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13

Vieira, Adriana, Bertha Santos, and Luís Picado-Santos. "Modelling Road Work Zone Crashes’ Nature and Type of Person Involved Using Multinomial Logistic Regression." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032674.

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The sustainable development goals “Good health and well-being” and “Sustainable cities and communities” of the United Nations and World Health Organization, alert governments and researchers and raise awareness about road safety problems and the need to mitigate them. In Portugal, after the economic crisis of 2008–2013, a significant amount of road assets demand investment in maintenance and rehabilitation. The areas where these actions take place are called work zones. Considering the particularities of these areas, the proposed work aims to identify the main factors that impact the occurrence of work zones crashes. It uses the statistical technique of multinomial logistic regression, applied to official data on road crashes occurred in mainland Portugal, during the period of 2010–2015. Usually, multinomial logistic regression models are developed for crash and injury severity. In this work, the feasibility of developing predictive models for crash nature (collision, run off road and running over pedestrians) and for type of person involved in the crash (driver, passenger and pedestrian), considering only one covariate (the number of persons involved in the crash), was studied. For the two predictive models obtained, the variables road environment (urban/rural), horizontal geometric design (straight/curve), pavement grip conditions (good/bad), heavy vehicle involvement, and injury severity (fatalities, serious and slightly injuries), were identified as the preponderant factors in a universe of 230 investigated variables. Results point to an increase of work zone crash probability due to driver actions such as running straight and excessive speed for the prevailing conditions.

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14

Roda-Robles, E., A. Pesquera, P. P. Gil-Crespo, R. Vieira, A. Lima, I. Garate-Olave, T. Martins, and J. Torres-Ruiz. "Geology and mineralogy of Li mineralization in the Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal)." Mineralogical Magazine 80, no. 1 (February 2016): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.049.

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AbstractLithium mineralization is common in the Central Iberian Zone and, to a lesser extent, in the Galizia-Trás-OsMontes Zone of Spain and Portugal, occurring along a ∼500 km-long NNW-SSE striking belt. There are different styles of Li mineralization along this belt; they are mainly associated with aplite-pegmatite bodies and, to a much lesser extent, with veins of quartz and phosphate. Lithium mineralization in the Central Iberian Zone may be classified into four types: aplite-pegmatite dykes occurring in pegmatitic fields, Li mineralization associated with leucogranitic cupolas, beryl-phosphate pegmatites and quartz-montebrasite veins. The main Li minerals of these bodies include Li-mica, spodumene and/or petalite in the pegmatitic fields and leucogranitic cupolas; triphylite–lithiophilite in the beryl-phosphate pegmatites, and amblygonite–montebrasite in the quartz-montebrasite veins. The origin of these different styles of mineralization is considered to be related to differentiation of peraluminous melts, which were generated by partial melting of metasedimentary rocks during the Variscan orogeny. On the basis of paragenesis and chemical composition, the pegmatitic fields and Li mineralization associated with granitic cupolas record the highest fractionation levels, whereas the beryl-phosphate pegmatites and quartz-montebrasite veins show lower degrees of fractionation. There are a number of textural and mineralogical indicators for Li exploration in the Central Iberian Zone and in the Galizia-Trás-Os-Montes Zone, with the highest economic potential for Li being in the pegmatite fields.

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15

Garcia-Centeno, Ma Carmen, Jorge Uxo, and Roman Minguez. "Rankings In The Euro Zone Based On Macroeconomic Information." Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 15, no. 5 (September 28, 2011): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v15i5.6016.

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One consequence of the Great Recession that began in 2008 has been the sovereign debt crisis within the European Monetary Union (EMU) and the increasing risk premium associated with government debt of "peripheral" countries (primarily, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain). Firstly, this paper analyses what macroeconomic variables are more related with the evolution of the risk premium, using panel data estimation. Secondly, we also try to sort the countries belonging to the monetary union in terms of their likelihood of experiencing an increase in the risk premium. To this purpose, we use discrete multicriteria decision aid methods.

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16

DE OLIVEIRA, LUIZ CARLOS VEIGA, LUIS VITOR DUARTE, NICOLA PERILLI, RENÉ RODRIGUES, and VALESCA LEMOS. "Estratigrafia Química (COT, δ13C, δ18O) e Nanofósseis Calcários na Passagem Pliensbaquiano–Toarciano no Perfil de Peniche (Portugal): Resultados Preliminares." Pesquisas em Geociências 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.19541.

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The marl-limestone succession that encompasses the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Stage Boundary (Lower Jurassic) and crops out at Peniche (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal), was chosen as one of the candidates for the establishment of Toarcian GSSP. Chemostratigraphy analyses, of the Upper Pliensbachian (spinatum Zone)-Lower Toarcian (levisoni p.p. Zone) portion, were based on total organic carbon (TOC) (68 samples), the isotope carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) (38 samples) on the whole rock sample. Presenting an absolute variation of around -2.0‰, the δ13C and δ18O values decrease from the middle part up to the uppermost part of spinatum Zone, with smaller values in the lowermost part of the polymorphum Zone. In the Lower Toarcian the δ13C data shows a positive trend (spread of + 2.0‰) with a maximum value in the middle-upper portion of the polymorphum Zone and a minimum in the lowermost part of the levisoni Zone. The δ18O values show a general tendency to decrease within the polymorphum Zone, with the smallest values observed in the lower portion of the levisoni Zone. In general the TOC values are low, around 0.2%, in the spinatum Zone, upwards they increase to 0.5% in the polymorphum Zone, whilst they decrease again to 0.2% in the lowermost levisoni Zone. Calcareous nannofossils assemblages were investigated in 12 slides of marly samples collected around the Pliensbachian – Toarcian Stage Boundary that, according to the adopted zonation, proposed for NW European, lies in the NJ5b biozone. Abundant and well preserved nannofossils assemblages comprise 12 genera and 18 species. The genera Schizosphaerella and Lotharingius are dominant. Calcivascularis jansae, a characteristic taxon of the Lower Jurassic tethyan nannofossils assemblages, is abundant in the whole investigated interval. Biscutum grande is the other tethyan taxon present in studied succession. The occurrences of C. jansae and B. grande support the tethyan affinity of the calcareous nannofossils assemblages recovered from the Pliensbachian – Toarcian transition sampled at Peniche section.

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17

Arntzen, Jan W. "Morphological and molecular characters to describe a marbled newt hybrid zone in the Iberian peninsula." Contributions to Zoology 87, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08703003.

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I document the contiguous distribution of the marbled newt species Triturus marmoratus and T. pygmaeus over the western part of the Iberian peninsula with a suite of morphological and molecular genetic data from altogether 141 populations. Morphological characters that identify the species are body size and the colour pattern character ‘Links’. Links is the number of transversal connections following the green surface at the lateral sides of the newts’ body. Large adults with few Links are T. marmoratus and small adults with many Links are T. pygmaeus. However, no morphological identification criterion is entirely adequate. Eight molecular genetic markers show markedly bimodal character state distributions that give rise to sharp species range descriptions, with T. marmoratus in the north of the Iberian peninsula and T. pygmaeus in the south and along most of the Atlantic coast of Portugal. I encountered ten genetically admixed populations that are all located at the T. marmoratus - T. pygmaeus species range interface, suggesting widespread but limited interspecific hybridization. A latitudinal transect across Portugal confirmed the narrow and steep transition from one to the other species for morphological and molecular characters alike. In central Portugal the position of the hybrid zone coincides with the river Tejo. However, the cline for mitochondrial DNA is relatively wide and shallow and its centre is positioned south of the river. In view of published data that reconstruct the northward advance of T. pygmaeus along the Portuguese coast at the expense of T. marmoratus, I propose that T. marmoratus had a wider range in central Portugal too, where it was eventually superseded by T. pygmaeus. I hypothesize that ‘marmoratus’ mtDNA haplotypes found south of the Tejo constitute a ‘genetic footprint’ left behind in T. pygmaeus by the receding species T. marmoratus.

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18

Besana-Ostman, G. M., S. P. Vilanova, E. S. Nemser, A. Falcao-Flor, S. Heleno, H. Ferreira, and J. D. Fonseca. "Large Holocene Earthquakes in the Lower Tagus Valley Fault Zone, Central Portugal." Seismological Research Letters 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.83.1.67.

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19

Ramos, Rute. "Palaeogeographic evolution of the Nazaré-Salgado coastal zone (Portugal) during the Holocene." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1234.

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20

Veloso-Gomes, Fernando, Ana Barroco, Ana Ramos Pereira, Carlos Sousa Reis, Helena Calado, João Gomes Ferreira, Maria Da Conceição Freitas, and Manuel Biscoito. "Basis for a national strategy for integrated coastal zone management—in Portugal." Journal of Coastal Conservation 12, no. 1 (April 2008): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-008-0017-8.

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21

Herrero, C. "<i>Eoguttulina palomerensis,</i> a new foraminiferal species from the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary (Early Jurassic) of SW Europe." Journal of Micropalaeontology 14, no. 1 (April 1, 1995): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.14.1.53.

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Abstract. An Early Jurassic foraminiferal species, reported previously under the name of Eoguttulina sp. 1, from the uppermost Pliensbachian sediments of western Central Portugal, is formally described and its stratigraphical distribution in SW Europe more precisely defined. The short stratigraphic range (uppermost Pliensbachian, spinatum Zone, hawskerense Subzone to lowermost Toarcian, tenuicostalum Zone, mirabile Subzone) and the distinctive morphology of Eoguttulina palomerensis sp. nov. (Lagenina, Polymorphinidae) make it an extremely useful biostratigraphic marker for this boundary interval.

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22

Bonmatí-Carrión, María-Ángeles, Elvira Casado-Ramirez, María-Teresa Moreno-Casbas, Manuel Campos, Juan Antonio Madrid, and Maria-Angeles Rol. "Living at the Wrong Time: Effects of Unmatching Official Time in Portugal and Western Spain." Biology 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081130.

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Human circadian rhythmicity is subjected to the internal circadian clock, the sun and social clocks (official time, social/work schedules). The discrepancy among these clocks, as occurs when official time does not match its geographical time zone, may produce circadian disruption. Western Spain (GMT+1/+2) and Portugal (GMT0/+1) share similar longitudes (sun time) but have different official times. This provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of official time on circadian rhythmicity and sleep in elderly and retired populations (with no remunerated duties presumed, although other social commitments may be present) at both locations. Although both populations slept enough for their age (7–8 h), circadian robustness (e.g., interdaily stability, relative amplitude) was greater in Portugal, especially during weekdays, while greater desynchronization (both body temperature vs. motor activity and body temperature vs. light exposure) tended to occur in the Spaniards. Once corrected by GMT0, meals took place later in Spain than in Portugal, especially as the day progresses, and a possible interplay between bed/meal timings and internal desynchronization was found. Our results point to the possible deleterious effect on circadian system robustness when official time is misaligned with its geographical time zone.

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23

Bello, Judith Hippler, and Peter H. F. Bekker. "Treaty of 1989 between Australia and Indonesia concerning the “Timor Gap”—existence of legal dispute between Portugal and Australia—objections to jurisdiction—effect of Court ruling on absent third parties—right to self-determination as right erga omnes —status of East Timor as non-self-governing territory: East Timor (Port. v. Austl.). 1995 ICJ Rep. 90." American Journal of International Law 90, no. 1 (January 1996): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203755.

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International Court of Justice, June 30, 1995.Portugal submitted an Application instituting proceedings against the Commonwealth of Australia before the International Court of Justice on February 22, 1991. Both Portugal and Australia had made declarations accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court pursuant to Article 36, paragraph 2 of the ICJ Statute. Portugal sought a declaration from the Court that Portugal's status with respect to East Timor and the rights of the people of East Timor to self-determination, territorial integrity and unity, and permanent sovereignty over its wealth and natural resources were opposable to Australia. Portugal also sought a declaration that Australia had incurred international responsibility and had caused damage for which it owed reparation to both the people of East Timor and Portugal. Portugal alleged that Australia had incurred this responsibility mainly by negotiating and concluding—not with Portugal, but with Indonesia—a treaty on December 11, 1989, creating a “Zone of Cooperation” in an area of the undelimited continental shelf between East Timor and northern Australia known as the “Timor Gap.”

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24

Hellings, Anna, and Andreas Rienow. "Mapping Land Surface Temperature Developments in Functional Urban Areas across Europe." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111.

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Unsustainable development paths have reached critical levels in Europe. In recent years, in cities, urbanization has been contributing to the intensification of urban heat islands. To analyze the development of surface urban heat islands (SUHI) in Europe in the last few years, the present study combines the land surface temperature (LST) from MODIS with the urban classes of the CORINE land cover data within 617 functional urban areas (FUAs). Urban and industrial uses have significantly higher LST than green urban areas across all years (about 4 to 6 °C), as do agricultural areas within cities. Besides land cover, location also influences LST differences. While, e.g., Bolzano (Italy) shows particularly large LST differences (>6 °C) between the core and the commuting zone, this effect is hardly visible in Porto (Portugal) and Madrid (Spain) (<2.5 °C). Cities of moderate climates show increasing differences between a city and its commuting zones with rising LST (r = 0.68), i.e., less cooling effects at night.

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25

Meireles, José. "Nota a propósito do artigo «Terraços versus litostratigrafia e geocronologia do plistocénico e holocénico da zona costeira do Minho (Portugal)»." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i2.12.

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A presente nota constitui um comentário ao artigo intitulado «Terraços versus litostratigrafia e geocronologiado Plistocénico e Holocénico da zona costeira do Minho (Portugal)», da autoria de G. Soares deCarvalho e H. Granja, publicado no primeiro número da revista Estudos do Quaternário. Nela, oautor trata e refuta, num patamar de discussão científica, as críticas formuladas às investigações porele realizadas, no decurso dos anos oitenta e noventa, na zona costeira do Minho (Portugal).

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Duque, Maria Rosa Alves. "Heat Flow, Geotherms, Density and Lithosphere Thickness in SW of Iberia (South of Portugal)." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v1i1.9.

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Thermal structure, density distribution and lithosphere thickness in the SW part of the Iberian Peninsula are studied using data obtained in the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) and SW border of the Ossa Morena Zone (OMZ) in the South of Portugal. Five different regions were defined, and models were built for each region. Geotherms were obtained using average density values from data published. The high values of heat flow density in these regions are attributed to occurrence of anomalous heat sources due to radioactivity content and exothermic chemical reactions associated to ore deposits in the zone. The results obtained with models based on isostasy in the region led to lithosphere thickness values between 95 and 96 km in the SPZ and a lower value of 94.5 km in the SW border of the OMZ. Analysis of geotherms shows lateral variations of temperature at the same depth. These lateral variations are compared with information obtained with seismic data.

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Wiese, Thomas. "Growth and life satisfaction in the Euro zone." Acta Oeconomica 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.4.6.

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Recent studies indicate a paradox: rising income has not led to increases in long-term levels of life satisfaction. Therefore, the hypothesis that citizens adapt to the growth of GDP is tested. This paper analyses empirically the relationship between a deviation in the trend of seasonally adjusted GDP growth and life satisfaction in Euro zone member countries based on data from the European Commission’s Eurobarometer report. This approach is new to the literature and it enables us to detect medium-term adaptation effects on growth rates. This adds a new way of tackling the question of why economic prosperity has had little or no influence on life satisfaction levels.We found that country-wide differences in the relationship of trend GDP growth and life satisfaction exist. Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain showed a significantly positive relationship. For other euro member countries, the hypothesis does not hold. This suggests that two different groups exist and if everything else is held constant, economic growth strategies should vary.

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Heidemann, Stefan, Thomas Schierl, and Felix Teichner. "Monedas del litoral marítimo. Un tesoro Emiral compuesto por monedas de plata procedente de un asentamiento portuario del Cerro da Vila (Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal)." Al-Qanṭara 39, no. 1 (November 19, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2018.006.

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El Cerro da Vila se fundó como asentamiento romano de producción y puerto (“aglomeración secundaria”) al final de la época republicana. Con el tiempo, se convirtió en un pequeño asentamiento costero (“aldeia do mar”), con una actividad basada en gran medida en la explotación de los recursos marítimos, aunque es poco probable que su explotación excediera el nivel de subsistencia. El abandono del asentamiento fue probablemente resultado de un ataque violento y destrucción a finales del siglo XI / comienzos del siglo XII. Un tesoro de 239 monedas de plata y fragmentos fue descubierto en el fondo de un silo de almacenamiento de época islámica, excavado en el suelo en una zona del antiguo emplazamiento romano, donde los restos de edificios y la estratigrafía confirman la actividad de asentamiento en los periodos visigodo e islámico. la cronología de la última moneda encontrada data de 270/883-4, pero el tesoro podría haber sido enterrado algunos años después. Es probable que el tesoro represente una pequeña muestra aleatoria de la circulación de monedas en Garb al-Andalus. la mayoría de las monedas están fragmentadas. Como es típico de este período, un gran número de las monedas están cortadas y ranuradas; y algunas de éstas están conectadas con pequeñas piezas de plata. Con la excepción de dos denarios carolingios, todas las monedas identificables proceden de Córdoba, lo que demuestra un estricto control de la circulación de monedas en al-Andalus. El tesoro pertenece a una zona del sur y el sudoeste de al-Andalus en la que se han encontrado tesoros similares que fueron enterrados en los años 260, 270, 870 y 880. Este artículo discute la composición de las monedas. Estas pertenecen al período de la sublevación del terrateniente muwallad ‘Umar Ibn Ḥafṣūn entre los años 267/880-1 y 303/915-6, contra el Emirato de Córdoba.

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Abad, I., M. P. Mata, F. Nieto, and N. Velilla. "THE PHYLLOSILICATES IN DIAGENETIC-METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE SOUTH PORTUGUESE ZONE, SOUTHWESTERN PORTUGAL." Canadian Mineralogist 39, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 1571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1571.

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Cruz, Sandra, Sofia Gamito, and João Carlos Marques. "Spatial distribution of peracarids in the intertidal zone of the Ria Formosa (Portugal)." Crustaceana 76, no. 4 (2003): 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854003322033825.

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Costa, M. M., M. C. Peneda, and R. Leite. "Heavy metals monitoring by the pixe technique in the coastal zone of portugal." Environmental Technology Letters 9, no. 9 (September 1988): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384654.

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Granja, H. M., I. C. Ribeiro, G. Soares de Carvalho, and M. Senos Matias. "Some neotectonic indicators in quarternary formations of the northwest coastal zone of Portugal." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy 24, no. 4 (January 1999): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1895(99)00037-x.

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FERNANDES, P., G. LOPES, G. MACHADO, Z. PEREIRA, and B. RODRIGUES. "Superimposed thermal histories in the southern limit of the Ossa Morena Zone – Portugal." Geological Magazine 154, no. 3 (April 22, 2016): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000248.

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AbstractThe Mississippian volcano-sedimentary complex in the Toca da Moura – Cabrela areas represents remnants of intra-volcanic marine sedimentary basins, formed during the collision between the Ossa Morena Zone with the South Portuguese Zone. These rock units are unconformably overlain by the Pennsylvanian intramontane coal-bearing Santa Susana Basin. Vitrinite reflectance determinations from rocks of these two basins indicate two episodes of thermal maturation. During the first episode, the Toca da Moura – Cabrela volcano-sedimentary complexes attained high maturation levels, equivalent to anthracite coal rank (3.0–3.5% Roran), which pre-dates the middle Moscovian Santa Susana Basin. The Santa Susana Basin attained moderate maturation levels equivalent to bituminous coal rank (1.35–1.5% Roran) recording a second episode of thermal maturation. Here, peak thermal conditions did not overprint the first maturation episode. The observed effects of magmatic intrusion on the thermal maturity and the lack of any increase in vitrinite reflectance with depth through c. 400 m of section in borehole SDJ-1 indicate high geothermal gradients during the first maturation episode. A contemporaneous magmatic event associated with the c. 335–320 Ma Cuba-Alvito Gabbros/Diorites of the Beja Massif was the possible cause for the high geothermal gradients postulated for the first maturation episode. Burial under a post-upper Moscovian sedimentary cover was the most likely process to account for the maturation levels determined for the Santa Susana Basin and for the second episode of thermal maturation.

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Dinis, A. M. P., C. M. Lino, and A. S. Pena. "Ochratoxin A in nephropathic patients from two cities of central zone in Portugal." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 44, no. 2 (June 2007): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.001.

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Ramos, Adrià, Oscar Fernández, Pedro Terrinha, and Josep Anton Muñoz. "Extension and inversion structures in the Tethys–Atlantic linkage zone, Algarve Basin, Portugal." International Journal of Earth Sciences 105, no. 5 (December 10, 2015): 1663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1280-1.

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Prazeres, C. M., M. J. Batista, A. J. Pinto, and M. A. Gonçalves. "Uranium distribution and mobility in the weathering zone of the Nisa deposit, Portugal." Journal of Iberian Geology 44, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0074-2.

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Barberes, Gabriel A., André L. D. Spigolon, Rui Pena dos Reis, Albert Permanyer, and Maria Teresa Barata. "Hydrocarbon seeps from the unconventional petroleum system of the South Portuguese Zone, Portugal." Journal of Iberian Geology 46, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41513-019-00115-x.

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Piçarra, José M., Juan C. Gutiérrez-Marco, Artur A. Sá, Carlos Meireles, and Emilio Gonzálezclavijo. "Silurian graptolite biostratigraphy of the Galicia—Trás-os-Montes Zone (Spain and Portugal)." GFF 128, no. 2 (June 2006): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035890601282185.

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Granja, Helena Maria, and G. Soares de Carvalho. "The impact of ‘protection’ structures on the Ofir-Apúlia coastal zone (NW Portugal)." Quaternary International 9 (January 1991): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(91)90067-x.

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de Carvalho, G. Soares, H. M. Granja, E. Loureiro, and R. Henriques. "Late Pleistocene and Holocene environmental changes in the coastal zone of northwestern Portugal." Journal of Quaternary Science 21, no. 8 (2006): 859–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1009.

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Quintanilla P., Víctor, Luciano Lourenço, and Susete Henriques. "Regeneración de la vegetación y riesgos de erosion pos incendios forestales. Estudio de casos en paises mediterraneos." Territorium, no. 19 (December 1, 2012): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_19_13.

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Se presentan tipos de efectos erosivos por fuegos vegetales, acaecidos en sectores de la zona mediterránea de Chile y Portugal. La zona mediterránea de Chile es donde anualmente se desarrolla la mayor parte de los incendios forestales de erano, en una región comprendida aproximadamente entre los 32° y 36° latitud sur. En Portugal, es la región Centro, ubicada entre los 39° y 41° latitud norte, la que detiene más superficie quemada por incendios forestales y la que suele registrar los incendios más grandes.

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Santos, Bertha, Valdemiro Trindade, Cláudia Polónia, and Luís Picado-Santos. "Detecting Risk Factors of Road Work Zone Crashes from the Information Provided in Police Crash Reports: The Case Study of Portugal." Safety 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010012.

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Several studies have shown that European police crash reports provide different detail degrees of work zone crash-related data. In this sense, the present study aims to verify the possibility of identifying significant risk factors involved in the occurrence of road work zone crashes with casualties, based on the official data usually available, through a descriptive, binary logistic, and probit regression statistical analysis. To accomplish the analysis, a total of 2597 police-reports related to 1767 Portuguese work zone crashes that occurred during the 2013–2015 period were considered and binary logistic and probit regression models were estimated by the main type of crash, contributing factor, and driver age group. Fifteen explanatory variables, selected based on the literature review and crash data provided in police crash reports, were considered in the analysis. The results obtained for the estimated coefficients and goodness-of-fit test values were found very similar for both link functions (logit and probit) and it was possible to identify risk factors. The modeling results pointed to excessive speed, disregard for vertical signs, luminosity, intersections, and motorcycle and heavy vehicle involvement as the most significant risk factors. Given the results, it is possible to conclude that binary logistic regression can be used in the statistical analysis of the available police official work zone crash data to identify and get some insight into the risk factors involved in work zone crashes. Data analysis also revealed the need to promote adequate and complete crash report filling by police officers. While police crash reports are not revised and standardized to incorporate more detailed work zone crash information, this approach can be used to support a more efficient road operation decision making and the review of some aspects related to work zone layout design.

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Adalberto Dias, Arquitecto. "Edificio de viviendas en Oporto. Portugal." EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura 1, no. 3 (September 9, 2009): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eb.2009.7246.

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<p>El edifício esta situado en los terrenos de colmatación a lo largo del cinturón interno, entre a Avda. Boavista y Campo Alegre. El plano de detalle existente proponía para este lote un edíficio de un sólo cuerpo, compacto – prisma de cinco lados, descansando en el centro de un gran zócalo de zona comercial.</p>

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44

Vicente Orellana, José Alfredo, and Antonio Galán de Mera. "Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento de la vegetación luso-extremadurense. Estudio de las Sierras de las Villuercas (Extremadura, España) y San Mamede (Alto Alentejo, Portugal)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 33 (December 1, 2008): 169–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v33i0.6977.

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RESUMEN. Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento de la vegetación luso-extremadurense. Estudio delas sierras de las Villuercas (Extremadura, España) y San Mamede (Alto Alentejo, Portugal). Laregión fronteriza entre España y Portugal muestra aspectos diferentes en cuanto a la utilización delterritorio sobre la vegetación y el paisaje, lo que repercute en los complejos de vegetación, aunquenos encontremos en lugares biogeográficamente similares. En la frontera portuguesa altoalentejanaabundan los minifundios y el uso del territorio es muy intenso. Por el contrario, en Extremadura, enlas cercanías a las Sierras de Las Villuercas, dominan los latifundios con una intensidad de uso menora la zona estudiada en Portugal. Fruto del estudio de ambos territorios, se presenta el esquemasintaxonómico, así como las principales novedades fitosociológicas encontradas: 2 alianzas (Hypericoperforati-Ferulion communis, Adenocarpion argyrophylli), 9 asociaciones (Sileno acutifoliae-Dianthetum lusitani, Feruletum communis, Raphano raphanistri-Diplotaxietum catholicae, Rumiciangiocarpi-Coleostephetum myconis, Armerio francoi-Arrhenatheretum sardoi, Festucomultispiculatae-Arrhenatheretum sardoi, Festuco multispiculatae-Agrostietum curtisii, Rubetumulmifolio-vigoi y Rubetum ulmifolio- caesii), y 12 subasociaciones.Palabras clave. Alto Alentejo, Extremadura, sintaxonomía, vegetación.ABSTRACT. New additions to the knowledge of the luso-extremadurense vegetation. Study of theVilluercas (Extremadura, Spain) and San Mamede Mountains (Alto Alentejo, Portugal). The borderregion between Spain and Portugal shows interesting aspects of human activity on vegetation andlandscape. These are reflected in the present vegetation patterns. These differences are also presentin biogeographical similar territories. In the Alto Alentejo Portuguese border, smallholding (familyeconomy) predominates, and the use of soil is very intensive. On the other hand, in Extremadura,close to the Villuercas Mountains, latifundia are normally observed, with few intensive uses than inPortugal. From the study of vegetation of both zones, here are presented the syntaxonomic schemeand the most repesentative novelties. These novelties are: 2 alliances (Hyperico perforati-Ferulioncommunis, Adenocarpion argyrophylli), 9 associations (Sileno acutifoliae-Dianthetum lusitani,Feruletum communis, Raphano raphanistri-Diplotaxietum catholicae, Rumici angiocarpi-Coleostephetum myconis, Armerio francoi-Arrhenatheretum sardoi, Festuco multispiculatae-Arrhenatheretum sardoi, Festuco multispiculatae-Agrostietum curtisii, Rubetum ulmifolio- vigoi andRubetum ulmifolio-caesii), and 12 subassociations.Key words. Alto Alentejo, Extremadura, syntaxonomy, vegetation.

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de Oliveira, D. P. S., L. J. Robb, C. M. C. Inverno, and E. G. Charlesworth. "Metallogenesis of the São Martinho and Mosteiros Gold Deposits, Tomar Cordoba Shear Zone, Portugal." International Geology Review 49, no. 10 (October 2007): 907–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.49.10.907.

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Jesus, A. P., J. Munhá, A. Mateus, C. Tassinari, and A. P. Nutman. "The Beja Layered Gabbroic Sequence (Ossa-Morena Zone, Southern Portugal): geochronology and geodynamic implications." Geodinamica Acta 20, no. 3 (June 2007): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ga.20.139-157.

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Carvalho, João, Taha Rabeh, João Cabral, Fernando Carrilho, and Jorge Miguel Miranda. "Geophysical characterization of the Ota-Vila Franca de Xira-Lisbon-Sesimbra fault zone, Portugal." Geophysical Journal International 174, no. 2 (August 2008): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.03791.x.

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Lopes, José Fortes, Ana Cristina Cardoso, Maria Teresa Moita, Alfredo C. Rocha, and Juan A. Ferreira. "Modelling the temperature and the phytoplankton distributions at the Aveiro near coastal zone, Portugal." Ecological Modelling 220, no. 7 (April 2009): 940–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.024.

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Granja, Helena Maria, and G. Soares Carvalho. "Sea-level changes during the Pleistocene-Holocene in the NW coastal zone of Portugal." Terra Nova 7, no. 1 (January 1995): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1995.tb00668.x.

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Silva, Paulo Alves, Tiago Abreu, Francisco Sancho, Oscar Ferreira, Maria Bezerra, Luis Ferreira, Mariana Rocha, and Conceicao J. Fortes. "SAND TRANSPORT IN THE SWASH ZONE IN LOW-ENERGY WAVE CONDITIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.2.

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The interaction between waves and morphological changes at the beach face under low wave-energy conditions is examined from data obtained during a field survey at Praia de Faro (Algarve, Portugal). This work describes and analyses measurements of swash velocities acquired with current-meters, water surface elevation obtained with pressure transducers and topographic surveys undertaken during the field campaign. Estimations of sand transport rates are calculated considering different empirical formulations, and the results are then compared against the transport rates deduced from topographic measurements. A representative swash velocity time series based on the non-linear formulation of Abreu et al. (2010) is derived to study the dependence of the bed shear-stress skewness on the tidal phase and how this can affect sediment transport in the swash zone.

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