Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Zonal structures'
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Sama, Juvert Njeck. "The effect of beta on the nonlinear generation of zonal structures in experimentally relevant tokamak plasmas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0111_SAMA.pdf.
Full textSpatial gradients in temperature and density in tokamak plasmas excite micro-instabilities, which interact non-linearly to form turbulence. Turbulence increases heat and particle transport, reducing the energy confinement time. Understanding turbulence dynamics is important to achieving the conditions for self-sustained combustion in a fusion reactor. Zonal structures (ZS), i.e., the axisymmetric perturbations of a tokamak plasma, are generated by turbulence and play an important role in its self-consistent saturation. Two types of ZS exist: zero-frequency zonal flows (ZFZF) and geodesic acoustic modes (GAM). Recent electrostatic nonlinear studies of turbulence-excited GAMs in Asdex upgrade (AUG) have shown that radially extended GAM structures can be excited by turbulence. The dynamics of GAMs have recently been shown to change when going from low confinement mode (L-mode) to intermediate confinement mode (I-mode) and from I-mode to high confinement mode (H mode). In particular, GAMs are observed experimentally in L-mode and I-mode and are more rarely observed in H-mode. A first linear model explaining this behavior was constructed using the combination of their Landau and continuum damping, which affects GAMs more strongly in H mode. Zonal structures generated by the GAM modes can interact and couple with the zonal structures generated by the turbulence induced by the instabilities, such as the so-called ITG (Ion Temperature Gradient) type modes. Kinetic and particle trapping effects can oppose Landau damping and dominate the zonal flow dynamics generated by ITGs. It is particularly important to understand the dynamics of zonal flows, their excitation mechanism, and their interaction with different plasma instabilities and turbulence. In this thesis, the dynamics of GAMs and ZFZF are studied in different configurations. In Chapter Two, we study the linear dynamics of geodesic acoustic modes in anisotropic plasma. We studied the effects of ion temperature anisotropy that can be introduced by various plasma heating mechanisms, such as neutral beam injection (NBI), ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH), and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). We show that ion temperature anisotropy can significantly modify the damping rate of the geodesic acoustic mode. In the third chapter of this thesis, we developed a global linear theory to study the linear dynamics of plasma waves in tokamak geometry for arbitrary particle distribution functions. We report a generalized expression of the GAM frequency in terms of the distribution function of the ion species and the mode. The generalized mode structure equation of the Alfven/ITG mode structure equation is in the large poloidal mode number unit. In chapter four, the numerical simulation code ORB5 is discussed in detail, pointing out all assumptions and domains of applicability. In chapter five. Our main focus was investigating the impact of zonal flows forced-driven by Alfven modes on linear ITG instabilities. We isolated this effect from self-consistent nonlinear electromagnetic simulations and tested it independently using a set of numerical tools that will be discussed later. We show that zonal flows forced-driven by Alfven modes can significantly mitigate ITG instabilities in an experimentally relevant scenario magnetic geometry. In chapter six, we review the "particle mode" model. We show that the synchronization of particle modes leads to the amplification of the zonal flows, which occurs even when the ions and electrons admit to the same temperature
Miranda, Alan Wanderley Albuquerque. "Evolução estrutural das zonas de cisalhamento dúcteis na porção centro-leste do domínio da Zona Transversal na Província Borborema." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2912.
Full textThe studied area is inserted in the Transversal Domain of Borborema Province. The Paleoproterozoic (Riacian) basement encompasses mainly by metaplutonic rocks from Salgadinho and Cabaceiras Complex. These complexes were individualized according to their compositional, textural and/or geochronological datas. The Paleoproterozoic (Orosirian) metasedimentary rocks were interpreted as components of Sertânia Complex. The Estatherian magmatic event is characterized by syenogranitic orthogneisses of the Carnoió-Caturité Suite and metaplutonic rocks of Metanorthositic Boqueirão Complex. The Neoproterozoic lithostratigraphic units are represented by Cryogenian metasedimentary successions of Complex Surubim and by Early-Ediacaran granodioritic and syenogranitic orthogneisses and of the Sumé Complex and Riacho de Santo Antonio orthogneisses, respectively. The Ediacaran granitic magmatism was characterized by the emplacement of Inácio Pereira and Marinho Plutons. The geochronological data (LA-ICPMS) indicate at least of three tectono-magmatic events. The 2042 + 13Ma and 1996 + 11Ma ages from amphibolites of Cabaceiras Complex were interpreted as the crystallization age of the protolith and metamorphism, respectively. The age of 1638 + 13Ma from the syenogranitic hornblende orthogneiss of Carnoió-Caturité Suite was interpreted as the crystallization age of the protolith, marking an Estatherian anorogenic magmatic event. The age of 550 + 3.1Ma acquired in a porphyritic monzogranite of Marinho Pluton is a record of the last magmatic event in the Late-Ediacaran, associated with the final stage of development of the Coxixola Shear Zone. The structural data allowed the individualization of three deformation phases, individualized as D1, D2 and D3. D1 was responsible for generating a S1 foliation, observed only at the hinge of F2 folds. The D2 event is marked by a thrust regime with transport to NNW, observed from asymmetrical shear bands and drag folds in sections parallel to stretching lineation (L2x). Ductile shear zones of different geometry and kinematics had been developed during the D3 phase. The NE-SW Boa Vista, Carnoió and Congo Shear zones exhibit sinistral kinematic in sections parallel to stretching lineation (L3x). The southern limits of these shear zones are connected with Coxixola Shear Zone. This WSW-ENE shear zone with dextral kinematics crosscut the entire studied area, with an average of 300m thickness of mylonitic rocks. The WNW-ESE Inácio Pereira Shear Zone is situated in the eastern portion of the studied area, shows geometric and kinematic characteristics in agreement with an evolution through an oblique-sinistral transpressive regime. The structural evolution of a system of conjugate ductile shear zones is responsible by anastomosed framework exposed in a map view.
Uzawa, Ken. "Study of modulational instability and structure of zonal flows in fusion plasmas." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135587.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第13952号
エネ博第173号
新制||エネ||40(附属図書館)
UT51-2008-C868
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻
(主査)教授 岸本 泰明, 教授 近藤 克己, 教授 福山 淳
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Chapman, Jamie. "The marsupial zona pellucida : its structure and glycoconjugate content." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc4661.pdf.
Full textKoothan, Thillai. "Structural and functional analysis of zona pellucida." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19905.
Full textMassucatto, Armando José [UNESP]. "Caracterização estrutural do embasamento do Grupo Araí, na zona externa da faixa Brasília (GO)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103016.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A área de estudo, objeto desta tese de doutoramento, situa-se na porção nordeste do estado de Goiás, na região de Cavalcante. Nesta região são encontradas rochas do embasamento da Faixa de Dobramentos Brasília, composto por rochas do Complexo Granítico-gnáissico, mega veios de quartzo e Formação Ticunzal. Recobrindo estas rochas são visíveis os metassedimentos do Grupo Araí. As rochas do embasamento da Faixa de Dobramentos Brasília na área de estudo se apresentam fortemente deformadas, mostrando uma alta complexidade estrutural, o que indica que foram submetidas a diferentes eventos deformacionais. Para um melhor entendimento da evolução geólogica da área buscou-se através de diferentes técnicas e ferramentas a separação dos eventos deformacionais que atuaram sobre a região. Os trabalhos realizados levaram a identificação de 5 foliações distintas, sendo que as mesmas foram hierarquizadas e separadas, em função de sua geração, em 3 eventos deformacionais. Para refinar a separação destes eventos deformacionais foram realizadas datações em muscovitas pertencentes às respectivas foliações, utilizando-se o método 40Ar/39Ar. O Evento denominado genericamente de 1, apresenta uma foliação (S1) com direção próxima a EW, mergulho subvertical. Tal foliação é gerada como resposta a uma compressão de direção próxima a NS. As datações realizadas em micas brancas formadas durante este evento, indicam idades mínimas de 1.5 Ga. O Evento 2, decorrente de uma compressão de direção próxima a EW, é responsável pela geração de uma foliação (S2) com direção próxima a NS, que apresenta um mergulho vertical. Associa-se a esta fase uma lineação de estiramento em geral vertical e localmente de baixo ângulo. As datações realizadas apontam para idades mínimas de 1.4 Ga, para micas brancas geradas durante este evento...
The studied area in this PhD thesis is located in the northeast portion of Goias State, near Cavalcante Town. Basement rocks of Brasilia Fold Belt, composed basically by Granitic-Gneiss Complex, mega quartz veinz and the Ticunzal Formation, characterize this area. Overlying these rocks are the Araí Group Metassediments. The basement rocks of Brasilia Fold Belt, in the studied area, are strongly deformed, showing a highly structural complexity, which indicate these rocks were submitted by different deformational events. For a better understanding of geological evolution, different techniques and tools to distinguish the deformational events have been applied. The work done defined the identification of five different foliations, which were ordered and separated in three different deformational events because its generations. To refine its events separation, 40Ar/39Ar dating in muscovites belonging in each foliation has been done. The Event denominated generally by 1 presents an EW direction foliation (S1) with a sub vertical dipping. Such foliation was generated as consequence for an NS direction compression. The dating done in white micas formed during this event, yielded a minimum age of 1.5 Ga. The Event 2, consequence of a close EW direction compression, generated a close NS direction foliation (S2) with vertical dipping. The white micas dating suggest a minimum age of 1.4 Ga for this event. Petrographic analysis indicated rocks that were submitted by the Events 1 and 2, were affected by similar metamorphism conditions, where might have reached temperatures between 450 and 500o C. The mega quartz veins possibly have been generated during the Event 2. Accomplished studies showing that its geometries are conformable with the cinematic aspects found in this event...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Risbey, James S. (James Sydney). "An analysis of zonal mean atmospheric angular momentum and high cloud cover : periodicities, time-latitude structure, and cross correlations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57727.
Full textMassucatto, Armando José. "Caracterização estrutural do embasamento do Grupo Araí, na zona externa da faixa Brasília (GO) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103016.
Full textBanca: Nilson Francisquini Botelho
Banca: Marco Antonio Fonseca
Banca: Norberto Morales
Banca: Hans Dirk Ebert
Resumo: A área de estudo, objeto desta tese de doutoramento, situa-se na porção nordeste do estado de Goiás, na região de Cavalcante. Nesta região são encontradas rochas do embasamento da Faixa de Dobramentos Brasília, composto por rochas do Complexo Granítico-gnáissico, mega veios de quartzo e Formação Ticunzal. Recobrindo estas rochas são visíveis os metassedimentos do Grupo Araí. As rochas do embasamento da Faixa de Dobramentos Brasília na área de estudo se apresentam fortemente deformadas, mostrando uma alta complexidade estrutural, o que indica que foram submetidas a diferentes eventos deformacionais. Para um melhor entendimento da evolução geólogica da área buscou-se através de diferentes técnicas e ferramentas a separação dos eventos deformacionais que atuaram sobre a região. Os trabalhos realizados levaram a identificação de 5 foliações distintas, sendo que as mesmas foram hierarquizadas e separadas, em função de sua geração, em 3 eventos deformacionais. Para refinar a separação destes eventos deformacionais foram realizadas datações em muscovitas pertencentes às respectivas foliações, utilizando-se o método 40Ar/39Ar. O Evento denominado genericamente de 1, apresenta uma foliação (S1) com direção próxima a EW, mergulho subvertical. Tal foliação é gerada como resposta a uma compressão de direção próxima a NS. As datações realizadas em micas brancas formadas durante este evento, indicam idades mínimas de 1.5 Ga. O Evento 2, decorrente de uma compressão de direção próxima a EW, é responsável pela geração de uma foliação (S2) com direção próxima a NS, que apresenta um mergulho vertical. Associa-se a esta fase uma lineação de estiramento em geral vertical e localmente de baixo ângulo. As datações realizadas apontam para idades mínimas de 1.4 Ga, para micas brancas geradas durante este evento...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract:The studied area in this PhD thesis is located in the northeast portion of Goias State, near Cavalcante Town. Basement rocks of Brasilia Fold Belt, composed basically by Granitic-Gneiss Complex, mega quartz veinz and the Ticunzal Formation, characterize this area. Overlying these rocks are the Araí Group Metassediments. The basement rocks of Brasilia Fold Belt, in the studied area, are strongly deformed, showing a highly structural complexity, which indicate these rocks were submitted by different deformational events. For a better understanding of geological evolution, different techniques and tools to distinguish the deformational events have been applied. The work done defined the identification of five different foliations, which were ordered and separated in three different deformational events because its generations. To refine its events separation, 40Ar/39Ar dating in muscovites belonging in each foliation has been done. The Event denominated generally by "1" presents an EW direction foliation (S1) with a sub vertical dipping. Such foliation was generated as consequence for an NS direction compression. The dating done in white micas formed during this event, yielded a minimum age of 1.5 Ga. The "Event 2", consequence of a close EW direction compression, generated a close NS direction foliation (S2) with vertical dipping. The white micas dating suggest a minimum age of 1.4 Ga for this event. Petrographic analysis indicated rocks that were submitted by the Events "1" and "2", were affected by similar metamorphism conditions, where might have reached temperatures between 450 and 500o C. The mega quartz veins possibly have been generated during the Event "2". Accomplished studies showing that its geometries are conformable with the cinematic aspects found in this event...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Sartori, Jose Eduardo. "Reativação de falhas : o caso da Zona de Falha de Cássia/MG /." Rio Claro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152953.
Full textBanca: Marcos Aurelio Farias de Oliveira
Banca: George Luiz Luvizotto
Banca: Francisco Sérgio Bernardes Ladeira
Banca: Alessandro Batezelli
Resumo: A Zona de Falha de Cássia corresponde a uma zona de falha transcorrente sinistral oblíqua orientada segundo a direção geral NNW-SSE. A estrutura se desenvolveu em decorrência de movimentações tardias do Cinturão de Cisalhamento Campo do Meio durante o Ciclo Orogênico Brasiliano. A Zona de Falha de Cássia está registrada através de uma faixa de rochas deformadas de largura variável entre 0,5 a 3,0 km, composta por rochas miloníticas, caracterizadas por deformação dúctil-rúptil em condições metamórficas de fácies xisto verde, zona da clorita. A descontinuidade foi reativada como uma zona de falha normal, com bloco baixo a sudoeste (reativação geométrica) durante o Neocretáceo, correlacionada com o Soerguimento do Alto Paranaíba. A reativação tectônica foi marcada por intensa brechação, cataclase e a formação de dois conjuntos de falhas normais com arranjo em blocos escalonados progressivamente rebaixados para oeste. As feições microestruturais e reações de alteração constatadas, juntamente com a ocorrência de pseudotaquilito permitiram inferir que estas rochas de falha foram desenvolvidas em profundidades inferiores a 11 km, com temperaturas menores que 300°C, provavelmente associadas a sismos. Uma segunda etapa de reativação está registrada através da formação de depósitos sedimentares argilosos e arenosos quaternários, respectivamente nas regiões de Cássia-Pratápolis e Desemboque. Tratam-se de depósitos correlativos de falha relacionados à movimentação da Zona de Falha de Cás... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Cássia Fault Zone corresponds to an oblique sinistral transcurrent fault zone oriented in the general direction NNW-SSE. The structure developed as a result of late movements of the Campo do Meio Shear Belt during the Brasilian Orogenic Cycle. The Cássia Fault Zone is recorded through a range of deformed rocks varying in width ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 km, composed of milonitic rocks, characterized by ductile deformation in metamorphic conditions of green schist facies (chlorite zone). The discontinuity was reactivated as a normal fault zone, with a lower block to the southwest (geometric reactivation) during the Neocretaceous, correlated with the Soerguimento do Alto Paranaíba. The tectonic reactivation was marked by intense breccia, cataclase and the formation of two sets of normal faults with arrangement in stepped blocks progressively lowered to the west. The microstructural features and alteration reactions observed together with the occurrence of pseudotaquilite allowed us to infer that these fault rocks were developed at depths lower than 11 km, with temperatures lower than 300 ° C, probably associated with earthquakes. A second stage of reactivation is recorded through the formation of quaternary sedimentary deposits in the regions of Cássia-Pratápolis and Desemboque. These are correlative fault deposits related to the movement of the Cássia Fault Zone as a normal fault zone, with a lower block to the southwest, forming a kinematic reactivation. Locally, the sedimen... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Sartori, José Eduardo [UNESP}. "Reativação de falhas: o caso da Zona de Falha de Cássia/MG." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152953.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Zona de Falha de Cássia corresponde a uma zona de falha transcorrente sinistral oblíqua orientada segundo a direção geral NNW-SSE. A estrutura se desenvolveu em decorrência de movimentações tardias do Cinturão de Cisalhamento Campo do Meio durante o Ciclo Orogênico Brasiliano. A Zona de Falha de Cássia está registrada através de uma faixa de rochas deformadas de largura variável entre 0,5 a 3,0 km, composta por rochas miloníticas, caracterizadas por deformação dúctil-rúptil em condições metamórficas de fácies xisto verde, zona da clorita. A descontinuidade foi reativada como uma zona de falha normal, com bloco baixo a sudoeste (reativação geométrica) durante o Neocretáceo, correlacionada com o Soerguimento do Alto Paranaíba. A reativação tectônica foi marcada por intensa brechação, cataclase e a formação de dois conjuntos de falhas normais com arranjo em blocos escalonados progressivamente rebaixados para oeste. As feições microestruturais e reações de alteração constatadas, juntamente com a ocorrência de pseudotaquilito permitiram inferir que estas rochas de falha foram desenvolvidas em profundidades inferiores a 11 km, com temperaturas menores que 300°C, provavelmente associadas a sismos. Uma segunda etapa de reativação está registrada através da formação de depósitos sedimentares argilosos e arenosos quaternários, respectivamente nas regiões de Cássia-Pratápolis e Desemboque. Tratam-se de depósitos correlativos de falha relacionados à movimentação da Zona de Falha de Cássia como uma zona de falha normal, com bloco baixo a sudoeste, configurando uma reativação cinemática. Localmente os sedimentos exibem feições de deformação rúptil como falhas, fraturas e zonas brechadas, indicando atividade neotectônica na região. Este rico acervo de produtos geológicos transforma a Zona de Falha de Cássia em modelo para estudos de reativação tectônica em ambiente intraplaca e evolução de longo termo.
The Cássia Fault Zone corresponds to an oblique sinistral transcurrent fault zone oriented in the general direction NNW-SSE. The structure developed as a result of late movements of the Campo do Meio Shear Belt during the Brasilian Orogenic Cycle. The Cássia Fault Zone is recorded through a range of deformed rocks varying in width ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 km, composed of milonitic rocks, characterized by ductile deformation in metamorphic conditions of green schist facies (chlorite zone). The discontinuity was reactivated as a normal fault zone, with a lower block to the southwest (geometric reactivation) during the Neocretaceous, correlated with the Soerguimento do Alto Paranaíba. The tectonic reactivation was marked by intense breccia, cataclase and the formation of two sets of normal faults with arrangement in stepped blocks progressively lowered to the west. The microstructural features and alteration reactions observed together with the occurrence of pseudotaquilite allowed us to infer that these fault rocks were developed at depths lower than 11 km, with temperatures lower than 300 ° C, probably associated with earthquakes. A second stage of reactivation is recorded through the formation of quaternary sedimentary deposits in the regions of Cássia-Pratápolis and Desemboque. These are correlative fault deposits related to the movement of the Cássia Fault Zone as a normal fault zone, with a lower block to the southwest, forming a kinematic reactivation. Locally, the sediments exhibit features of deformation such as faults, fractures and breccias, indicating neotectonic activity in the region. This rich collection of geological products transforms the Cássia Fault Zone into a model for studies of tectonic reactivation in intraplate environment and long term evolution.
CNPq: 165801/2014-0
Madeira, Marisa Susana Freire. "Determinantes do nível de caixa: estudo empírico dos países da zona euro." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4349.
Full textNo presente estudo, foi utilizado o modelo estatístico de regressão linear, para testar empiricamente a influência dos determinantes do nível das disponibilidades das empresas cotadas dos países da Zona Euro. As variáveis utilizadas no modelo apresentado comprovam as teorias Static Tradeoff, Pecking Order e Agência, propostas pela literatura de finanças. Para a análise foram utilizados os dados de 1.202 empresas, com 9.616 observações, referentes ao período de 2002 a 2009. Os resultados empíricos obtidos mostram quais os determinantes que influenciam o nível de disponibilidades, que são: a dimensão, o fluxo de caixa, o endividamento e as oportunidades de crescimento.
In this study, we used a statistical model of linear regression to empirically test the influence of the level determinants of the listed companies from the Eurozone countries. The variables used in the model prove the theories Static Tradeoff, Pecking Order and the Agency, proposed by the finance literature. For the analysis we had used data from 1.202 companies with 9.616 observations, covering the period 2002 to 2009. The empirical results show the determinants that influence the level of cash, which are: the size, the cash flow, the debt and the growth opportunities.
Regados, Ygor Amadeo Sartori. "Modelo matemático para previsão da macrossegregação durante a solidificação com zona pastosa ou interface sólido-líquido plana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-03052018-090007/.
Full textMacrosegregation is a source of serious problems in castings, but it can be a useful tool in metallurgical refining processes such as those employed in the production of high-purity silicon. It is often a result of convective liquid flow either at planar solidification or when a mushy zone is present, while diffusive solute transport is effective at controlled directional solidification with planar interfaces. Ingot solidification modeling at macroscopic scale is currently divided in models assuming a mushy zone is always present and planar interfaceassuming models, thus requiring prior knowledge of interface morphology. A mathematical model for macrosegregation resulting from diffusion and convection during solidification with planar interface or mushy zone was presented and implemented. Diffusive transport was evaluated numerically, revealing a transition from planar to mushy-zone solidification conforming to classical stability criterions, with an initial refined zone that grew even after a mushy zone developed and the inefficacy of macrodiffusion-induced macrosegregation at higher growth velocities shown. Convection showed stabilizing effect for planar solid-liquid interface by reducing the solute-undercooled layer and increased macrosegregation, with a tendency towards Scheil model. Silicon experiments publicly available were compared with the present model, confirming the experimentally-observed stabilizing effect and proving the key role of diffusion at macrosegregation formation on these systems. The model was evaluated with experiments made in a Bridgman-type furnace with an Al-1% Cu alloy with increasing growth velocities to study interface stability and macrosegregation with or without liquid stirring. Results indicate a planar growth region followed by a cellular interface one after the second velocity change, as identified by metallographical testing. Critical growth velocities for classical criterions were estimated after the experiments and were smaller than the evaluated ones.
Galán, Fiestas Mary Isabel, and Jaimes Marco Antonio Nieto. "Concreto de baja permeabilidad para pilotes prefabricados de muelles construidos en zonas de salpicaduras y mareas utilizando nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651959.
Full textDue to the importance of the maritime structures, it is required that the concrete with which they are manufactured guarantees their impermeability against the waters of the sea, being the piles of the docks those that suffer different anomalies when being in direct contact with the sulfates and chlorides, that progressively degrade it mainly causing its cracking. Carbon Nanotubes (NTC) have a large specific surface that affects the cement matrix by modifying hydrated calcium silicates, producing greater cohesion and consequently increasing the compactness of concrete. The present work seeks to reduce the permeability of the concrete of the prefabricated piles of the springs located in areas of splashes and tides, studying for it different physical and mechanical properties of the concrete with NTC; The results indicate that settlement decreases, compressive, tensile and flexural strengths increase and water penetration depth decreases.
Trabajo de investigación
Laage, de Meux Benoît de. "Modélisation des écoulements turbulents en rotation et en présence de transferts thermiques par approche hybride RANS/LES zonale." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/74/35/42/PDF/these_de_Laage.pdf.
Full textThe numerical simulation of turbulent flows in cooling system of hydrau- lic pumps sealing requires considering large computational domains and long integration times. The zonal hybrid RANS/LES modelling of turbulence could deal with such appli- cations, in order to reproduce the whole thermal and dynamical phenomena of the flow, with a computational cost compatible with industrial studies. This approach aims at pro- perly interfacing a Large Eddy Simulation (LES), which provides an accurate unsteady description of turbulence in some critical regions of the flow, with the statistical RANS approach, less demanding in computational resources, applied in the whole remaining fluid domain in order to take into account the imposed global variations of the flow (cool water injection in hot water, shaft and rotor rotation,. . . ). To this end, a detailed study of tur- bulence models appropriate for rotating flows is presented, following both the RANS and the LES approaches. Numerous turbulence models are compared in the rotating channel flow test case. The zonal coupling at boundary faces using the Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM) is studied and an innovative volumic coupling using a source term on overlapping RANS/LES area, the Anisotropic Linear Forcing, is proposed. For the first time, these two coupling methods are extended to heat transfer. The present zonal hybrid RANS/LES computations of static or rotating channel flows in isothermal or forced convection regimes, show the applicability of such modelling for industrial studies
Figueiredo, Gabriela Guerra Araújo Abrantes de. "Variação na estrutura trófica e no uso dos recursos alimentares da ictiofauna de zonas rasas ao longo de um gradiente estuarino-límnico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2014. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/6114.
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O estudo da estrutura trófica de comunidades biológicas nos fornece uma descrição da organização e funcionamento do ecossistema e das interações entre as comunidades. Comparar a estrutura trófica das comunidades ao longo de gradientes ambientais pode fornecer novas interpretações em relação a sua organização trófica e serve de base para avaliar impactos antrópicos presentes e futuros. Um dos métodos mais comuns atualmente para se avaliar relações tróficas é a análise dos isótopos estáveis (AIE), o qual vem sendo utilizado para estimar os fluxos de matéria orgânica entre consumidores bem como sua posição trófica na cadeia alimentar. O objetivo principal dessa dissertação foi investigar a estrutura trófica da assembleia de peixes de zonas rasas ao longo de um gradiente estuarino–límnico, a partir da AIE de carbono (13C/12C) e nitrogênio (15N/14N) de fontes alimentares basais (i.e., plantas com fotossíntese C3 e C4 e matéria orgânica particulada em suspensão, POM) e peixes dominantes em cada sistema. Amostras de fontes alimentares basais, peixes e invertebrados foram coletados na primavera e verão entre 2009 e 2010 no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, Canal São Gonçalo e Lagoa Mirim no extremo sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Biplots e métricas isotópicas (Convex hull e nicho isotópico) foram utilizadas para descrever e comparar a estrutura trófica da ictiofauna entre os ambientes. Análises de correlação foram realizadas para analisar a relação entre o comprimento total (CT) da ictiofauna e a posição trófica (PT). Modelos bayesianos de mistura isotópica foram empregados para avaliar a variabilidade no uso de recursos alimentares ao longo do gradiente ambiental para o barrigudinho Jenynsia multidentata, uma das únicas espécies frequentes ao longo de todo gradiente. A área total (Convex hull) e o nicho isotópico ocupado pela assembleia de peixes variaram marcadamente entre os ambientes, com o estuário apresentando uma área total duas vezes maior (CH: 50,28) do que o Canal e a Lagoa (17,51 e 20,29, respectivamente). Já o nicho isotópico, que é robusto aos efeitos de possíveis diferenças no número amostral, apresentou diferenças estatísticas entre estuário e os dois ambientes de água doce (p<0,00), porém esses dois últimos não apresentaram diferenças entre si (p>0,30). A AIE dos peixes no Canal sugere que a fragmentação de habitat ocasionada pela presença de uma barragem-eclusa afetou também a conectividade trófica entre o estuário da Lagoa dos Patos e Lagoa Mirim. Variações na razão isotópica do nitrogênio da comunidade também sugerem que impactos antrópicos como a eutrofização são mais acentuados no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos e Canal. As análises de correlações não mostraram correlação positiva entre o CT e PT. O modelo de mistura mostrou que as principais fontes alimentares basais para J. multidentata no canal foi POM, enquanto na lagoa foram principalmente plantas C4 e POM e no estuário houve uma maior sobreposição nos intervalos de credibilidade, não sendo possível distinguir diferenças significativas na contribuição relativa das fontes basais para a espécie. Nossos resultados mostraram que há diferenças na estrutura trófica e no uso de recursos alimentares ao longo do gradiente ambiental e que impactos antrópicos, como construção de barragem e eutrofização, afetam a ictiofauna nesses ambientes.
Trophic structure analyses of biological communities provide insights on ecosystem organization and functioning and also on communities’ interactions. Comparing the trophic structure of communities considering environmental gradients allows new interpretations of their trophic organization and evaluation of current and future anthropic impacts. One of the most common methods to evaluate trophic relationships is the stable isotope analysis (SIA), which has been used to estimate the flow of organic matter among consumers as well as its trophic position in the food chain. The main objective of this Master Thesis was to investigate the trophic structure of shallow areas fish assemblage along a freshwater-estuarine gradient, using the analysis of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) isotope ratios of basal food sources (i.e., plants with C3 and C4 photosynthesis and particulate organic matter POM) and dominant fishes in each system. Basal food sources, fishes and invertebrates were collected at Lagoa dos Patos estuary, São Gonçalo Channel and Lagoa Mirim, located in the southern most in Brazil, during spring and summer seasons of 2009 and 2010. Biplots and isotopic metrics (Convex hull and isotopic niche) were used to describe and compare the trophic structure obtained in the three environments. Correlation analyzes were conducted to examine the relationship between total length (TL) of the ichthyofauna and trophic position (TP). Bayesian models of isotopic mixing were used to evaluate the variability in food resource use by the one-sided livebearer Jenynsia multidentata along the environmental gradient, which was one of the only species found along the entire gradient. The total area (Convex hull) and the isotopic niche occupied by the fish assemblage showed an marked variation among environments. The Convex hull total area of the estuary (CH: 50.28) was two-fold higher than the Channel and Lagoa Mirim areas (17,51 and 20.29, respectively). The isotopic niche, which is not affected by differences in sample sizes, showed statistical differences between the estuary and the two freshwater systems ( (p<0.00), but there were no statistical differences when the freshwater systems were compared with each other (p>0.30). The SIA analysis of fishes in the Channel suggests that the habitat fragmentation caused by a dam also affected the trophic connectivity between the Lagoa dos Patos estuary and the Lagoa Mirim. Comparison of the nitrogen isotope ratio values among communities also suggested that anthropogenic impacts (e.g., eutrophication) were more evident in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary and Channel. The analysis of correlations didn't show any positive correlation between TL and TP. The mixing model showed that the main basal food sources sustaining J. multidentata in the Channel was POM, whereas in the Lagoa Mirim was mainly C4 plants and POM. Moreover, in the estuary, it was found a greater overlap on the credibility intervals of basal food sources and it was not possible to distinguish statistical differences between their relative contributions to the specie. Our results showed that there are differences on the trophic structure and on the use of food resources along the environmental gradient. Also, anthropogenic impacts, such as dam constructions and eutrophication, have an affect on the ichthyofauna of these environments.
Fantoni, Giulia. "L'analisi dei popolamenti bentonici nel monitoraggio della fascia costiera nella zona della spiaggia "attiva"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textReis, Talles Adriano dos [UNESP]. "Concentração fundiária e assentamentos de reforma agrária: uma análise da estrutura agrária na Zona da Mata Pernambucana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144207.
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A concentração da terra no Brasil é um grave problema social que se arrasta desde o período colonial. As lutas pelo acesso à terra e pela reforma agrária assumiram outra dimensão a partir dos anos 1980, com o surgimento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a estrutura agrária da mesorregião Zona da Mata Pernambucana, em Pernambuco. A metodologia se baseou na análise de três fontes principais: os dados do Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Rural (SNCR) e do Sistema de Informações de Projetos de Reforma Agrária (SIPRA), ambos mantidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), e os dados do Censo Agropecuário 2006, realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram analisadas as informações dos 43 municípios da região, que foram classificadas em: a) de acordo com o módulo fiscal em minifúndio, pequena propriedade, média propriedade e grande propriedade; b) por classe de área em hectares; e c) em agricultura familiar e não familiar. Cada grande propriedade, por sua vez, foi classificada em produtiva ou improdutiva. Como conclusão, observamos que a região possui 560 grandes propriedades (1,88% do total), que concentram 248 mil hectares (40,05% de todas as terras), das quais a metade (292 grandes propriedades) são improdutivas e concentram mais de 127 mil hectares. A área ocupada pelas grandes propriedades é próxima àquela verificada na Região Nordeste (39% de todas as terras) e inferior à brasileira (56%). A análise fundiária baseada no tamanho da propriedade, em hectares, também indica que a região estudada tem um percentual menor de área ocupada por imóveis com mais de 1000 ha, 12,17%, frente a 19,8% em Pernambuco, 30,1% no Nordeste e 45% no país. Porém, isso não significa que a região estudada tem uma concentração fundiária menos concentrada, pois a média do módulo fiscal é de 14,56 ha, logo, uma grande propriedade na região é toda aquela acima de 218 ha. Por outro lado, a região apresenta o maior percentual de propriedades de exploração não familiar (83,3%), o que pode indicar que muitos pequenos produtores podem ter sua renda majoritariamente oriunda de atividades assalariadas fora da parcela. A luta pela terra conquistou mais de 124 mil hectares em 136 assentamentos de reforma agrária na região, contribuindo para a redução de cerca de 33% da área ocupada pelas grandes propriedades. O assentamento de 14.977 famílias promoveu uma reconfiguração da estrutura fundiária na qual as pequenas propriedades passaram de 17,6% para 59% do número de imóveis, ampliando de 11,6% para 31,8% o total da área ocupada.
The concentration of land in Brazil is a serious social problem that has dragged on since the colonial period. The struggles for access to land and agrarian reform took another dimension to the 1980s, with the emergence of Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). The objective of this study is to analyze the agrarian structure of Zona da Mata of Pernambuco, Brazil´s northeastern. The methodology is based on analysis from three main sources: data from the Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Rural (SNCR) and the Sistema de Informações de Projetos de Reforma Agrária (SIPRA), both maintained by Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), and data from the 2006 Agricultural Census, conducted by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). It was analyzed informations from the 43 municipalities of this region, that were classified into three types: a) according to the fiscal module in smallholding, small farms, medium and large property; b) to extention in hectares; and c) to familiar and unfamiliar agriculture. Every large property, in turn, was classified as productive or unproductive. In conclusion, we observed that the region has 560 large estates (1.88% of total), concentrating for 248,000 hectares (40.05% of all land), half of which (292 large estates) are unproductive and covering more 127 thousand hectares. The area occupied by large farms is similar to that observed in the Northeast (39% of all land) and lower than Brazil (56%). The landed analysis based on size of farm (in hectares) also indicates that the region studied has a lower percentage of area occupied by properties with more than 1000 ha, 12.17%, compared to 19.8% in Pernambuco, 30,1 % in the Northeast and 45% in the country. But that does not mean that the region studied has a concentration of land, since the average fiscal module is 14.56 ha, so a large estate in the region is all that above of 218 ha. On the other hand, the region has the highest percentage of unfamiliar operating properties (83.3%), which may indicate that many small farmers may have their income mainly coming from salaried activities outside the portion. The struggle for land acquired more than 124,000 hectares with 136 agrarian reform settlements in the region, contributing to a reduction of about 33% of the area occupied by large farms. The settlement of 14,977 families promoted a reconfiguration of agrarian structure, in which small farms increased from 17.6% to 59% of the number of properties, increasing from 11.6% to 31.8% of the total land ocupied.
Reis, Talles Adriano dos. "Concentração fundiária e assentamentos de reforma agrária : uma análise da estrutura agrária na Zona da Mata Pernambucana /." São Paulo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144207.
Full textResumo: A concentração da terra no Brasil é um grave problema social que se arrasta desde o período colonial. As lutas pelo acesso à terra e pela reforma agrária assumiram outra dimensão a partir dos anos 1980, com o surgimento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a estrutura agrária da mesorregião Zona da Mata Pernambucana, em Pernambuco. A metodologia se baseou na análise de três fontes principais: os dados do Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Rural (SNCR) e do Sistema de Informações de Projetos de Reforma Agrária (SIPRA), ambos mantidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), e os dados do Censo Agropecuário 2006, realizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram analisadas as informações dos 43 municípios da região, que foram classificadas em: a) de acordo com o módulo fiscal em minifúndio, pequena propriedade, média propriedade e grande propriedade; b) por classe de área em hectares; e c) em agricultura familiar e não familiar. Cada grande propriedade, por sua vez, foi classificada em produtiva ou improdutiva. Como conclusão, observamos que a região possui 560 grandes propriedades (1,88% do total), que concentram 248 mil hectares (40,05% de todas as terras), das quais a metade (292 grandes propriedades) são improdutivas e concentram mais de 127 mil hectares. A área ocupada pelas grandes propriedades é próxima àquela verificada na Região Nordeste (39% de todas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Kappaun, Kamila. "AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO EM EDIFICAÇÕES DE BLOCOS ESTRUTURAIS CERÂMICOS E DE BLOCOS ESTRUTURAIS DE CONCRETO PARA A ZONA BIOCLIMÁTICA 2 BRASILEIRA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7806.
Full textA alvenaria estrutural vem sendo cada vez mais usada no Brasil, mas essa tecnologia tem limitações de pesquisas que relatem seu comportamento térmico. Enquanto o bloco estrutural de concreto é o mais usado em todo o Brasil, no Rio Grande do Sul o bloco estrutural mais utilizado é o cerâmico. Porém, do ponto de vista térmico, não há indicação de qual bloco seria o mais indicado para a zona bioclimática 2 brasileira. Neste trabalho é analisado o desempenho térmico de duas edificações construídas em alvenaria estrutural, uma com bloco estrutural cerâmico e outra com bloco estrutural de concreto. Inicialmente foram definidos os valores das características térmicas dos dois tipos de fechamentos, para evidenciar as diferenças dos mesmos, visando a análise térmica das duas edificações. Foram calculados a transmitância térmica, a capacidade térmica e o atraso térmico. Foram também feitas medições in loco nestas duas edificações, que apresentam mesma planta baixa, orientação solar e implantação e que foram construídas com dois diferentes blocos estruturais. As análises contemplaram parâmetros que poderiam influenciar nos resultados, como a influência da cobertura e da orientação solar. Os resultados foram analisados comparativamente entre as duas diferentes edificações e com as temperaturas medidas externamente, e também analisadas quanto ao cumprimento do desempenho térmico conforme normatizado.
FERRANTE, ANGELA. "Computational strategies for discrete modeling of Cultural Heritage structures." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/287778.
Full textThe aim of this research work is to present the development of discontinuous approaches and the influence of stereotomy to simulate the nonlinear dynamic behavior of historical large-scale masonry structures. Thus, the objectives are the qualitative and quantitative evaluations on the different existing approaches and the main constitutive laws, the analyses and calibration of mechanical parameters, and providing strong indications on the best level of discretization needed for these kinds of approaches. Thus, the study involves the use of implicit and explicit time integration schemes for structural dynamics, respectively in the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics method and Cohesive Zone Model implemented in the LMGC90© code, where sliding motions are governed by Signorini's impenetrability condition and dry-friction Coulomb's law, and in the Discrete Element Method with cohesive and tensional behaviors at the joints in the 3DEC© code. A set of case studies from real structures was represented adopting four different geometric models ranged from the most complex one, including the full geometry and multi-leaf masonry walls, to the simplest one, including the single-leaf walls as a simplification of the real masonry. The numerical results highlighted the failure modes depending on the shape, size and texture of the masonry and the modalities of progressive damage under dynamic actions. Moreover, the numerical approaches presented have proven to be capable of simulating large displacements and complete block separations, reproducing complex mechanical behaviors and making predictions on the vulnerability assessment of the historical masonry buildings. The results discussed are successful and valuable in view of preservation of the cultural heritage from future damages proposing guidelines for strengthening and seismic retrofitting of structures.
Viegas, Luis Gustavo Ferreira. "Mecanismos de deformação e cronologia de eventos na zona de cisalhamento Patos (Província Borborema, nordeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-21012014-092606/.
Full textThe Patos shear zone is an E-W transcurrent structure that deformed Precambrian rocks from the Borborema Province during the Neoproterozoic. The relationships between partial melting and deformation, the nucleation of the shear zone and the thermochronological evolution of mylonites were investigated by means of detailed field work coupled with Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS), U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology and crystallographic fabrics measured through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). In the Santa Luzia dome, located within the Seridó Belt, the magnetic lineations are slightly oblique to the dome NE elongation. Zircon recrystallized rims yield U-Pb ages of 575 ± 3.4 Ma. These data are consistent with ages and magnetic fabrics found in the Acari granite, suggesting that magma emplacement and shearing were coeval in the Seridó belt. In the Espinho Branco anatexite, emplaced within the mylonites of the Patos shear zone, complex field leucosome geometries are not reproduced in the magnetic fabric, which is consistent with the kinematics of the shear zone. However, low susceptibilities (< 0.5 mSI) display a scattering of magnetic orientations and do not correlate with biotite lattice fabrics and field foliations. Nevertheless, anisotropy of anhystheretic remanence fabrics remain parallel to the external strain field, suggesting that AMS dispersions may be related to late percolation of hydrothermal fluids. Mylonitic orthogneisses from the northern border of the Patos shear zone are marked by grain boundary migration, intracrystalline fracturing and myrmekitization at the periphery of grains. Quartz [0001] lattice fabrics form maxima mainly on Y, suggesting activation of prism-a slip systems. Towards the contact with migmatites, the microstructures progressively change from solid-state to magmatic, characterized by widespread interstitial quartz and random orientations of quartz c-axis fabrics. Zircons from the leucosomes yield an age of 566 ± 5 Ma, which is attributed to magma crystallization. The southern border of the Patos shear zone is marked by progressive grain size reduction and formation of fine-grained mylonites to ultramylonites without traces of partial melting. An age of 545 ± 14 Ma, obtained in zircons from an ultramylonitic augen granite, constrains the timing of the low-grade metamorphism. These Southern mylonites show quartz [0001] fabrics with maxima spreading between Z and Y, suggesting activation of prism and basal slip systems. In feldspars, the main activated slip systems are (010)[001] and (010)[100] in all rock types, except for the (100)[010] slip system, observed in the transition from migmatites to low-grade mylonites. TitaniQ temperature estimates record mean temperatures of ~ 490ºC for the southern mylonites. These data allows us to conclude that: i) AMS reflects the final strain increments recorded in migmatites during regional deformation, ii) partial melting and dextral shearing in the Patos shear zone occurred at ~ 565 Ma, while low-grade mylonitisation dated at 545 Ma defines a late reworking at ductile-brittle conditions, iii) this reworking event is observed in other areas of the Borborema Province, defining a regional event possibly associated with late collisions in the western margin of Gondwana, iv) the Patos shear zone was nucleated after the collision between the Congo-São Francisco and West-African Cratons, through accommodation of strike-slip displacements localized in crustal discontinuities previously formed in an early pre-collisional stage.
Sakamoto, Fernando Yudi. "Modelagem dinâmica da zona de contato entre riser e fundo do mar sob ação de deslocamento e tração impostos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-16052014-091529/.
Full textRisers are pipes that convey fluids from the seabed up to the floating platforms and vice-versa. Many configurations and materials are used, but only steel catenary risers (SCR) are studied in this work. Risers are extremely slender structures, and for this reason, most of the suspended part has cable behavior. Only in two regions the bending stiffness is important: at the hang-off and at the touch-down zone (TDZ), which is the most complex region for analysis because of the unilateral contact with the seabed. Due to several dynamic loads that the riser is subjected to, great curvature variations occur at the TDZ, apart from impacts and friction with the soil, which can reduce the life time of the structure or even jeopardize its integrity. For these reasons, this work aims at the development of an analytical methodology for the construction of a reduced-order model (ROM) able to analyze the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the TDZ of a SCR. As at the TDZ the bending stiffness prevails over the geometric stiffness, the riser is modeled as a semi-infinite beam, having a suspended part and another one resting on the elastic soil with unilateral contact. At the end of the suspended part, vertical displacements and dynamic tensions are imposed, that cause the TDPs position to vary with time. It is, therefore, a problem with moving boundary conditions. The methodology adopted for solving this problem was to transform it into a problem with fixed boundary conditions via a variable transformation. However, a price is paid for such a transformation, and strong nonlinearities appear in the differential equation of motion, making it extremely complex to solve analytically. For the simple bending problem, nonlinear vibration modes are obtained via the method of multiple scales. In possession of these modes, the nonlinear Galerkin method is used to project the complete equation into a chosen mode, transforming the continuum model into a reduced-order model (ROM) with only one degree of freedom whose modal generalized coordinate is the horizontal displacement of the TDP. After obtaining the ROM, it is noticed that there are coefficients that vary with time, as in the classic Mathieu equation, indicating the possibility of parametric resonance. In this kind of resonance, among other possibilities, the excitation frequency may be twice the natural frequency it is the so-called principal parametric resonance. The ROMs equation is integrated numerically and the responses are compared to those given by finite-element models studied with the help of commercial softwares, like Abaqus and Orcaflex. Finally, the potentialities and limitations of the ROM are discussed. One of the advantages is the possibility of processing several cases easily, changing the parameters that affect the responses. With this response mapping, it is possible to estimate the post-critical steady-state amplitudes that take place.
Carreras, Blasco Laura. "Development of efficient testing methods and cohesive zone models for analyzing fatigue-driven delamination in 3D laminated composite structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667712.
Full textL’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi doctoral és contribuir al disseny fiable d’estructures de materials compòsits en capes sotmeses a delaminació provocada per la fatiga. Per una banda, es pretén reduir la quantitat de proves experimentals necessàries en el procés de disseny de components i, per l’altra, anticipar la resposta mecánica de les estructures que pateixen delaminació a fatiga. Per tal d’ampliar l’aplicabilitat dels mètodes existents, s’han generat dades experimentals de propagació de la delaminació en 3D, un mètode eficaç d’identificació de la direcció de propagació d’esquerda i un mitjà precís de calcular l’energia disponible per a la fractura en estructures tridimensionals. A més, s’ha dut a terme una campanya experimental de l’assaig validador i s’ha realitzat una caracterització completa de les propietats interlaminars del material validador a nivell de proveta. El mètode de fatiga desenvolupat proporciona prediccions precises per als assajos de referència
Santos, Hugo dos. "Mecanismos de fratura de ferro fundido nodular austemperado a partir da zona crítica." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1764.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work is part of a research project at UDESC, which aims to understand and compare the process of fracture of ADI with dual matrix structure, such as sites of plastic deformation concentration and crack nucleation, and paths of crack propagation. The fracture mechanisms of two types of duals ADI with different ausferrite volume fraction were compared to those of conventional ADI. Intercritical austenitising temperatures chosen were 790°C and 820°C, and resulted in dual ADI with 17% and 85% of ausferrite respectively. The full ADI, which was austenitised at 900°C, was used to serve as reference material. The three materials were austempered at 360°C for 2h. Results showed that in dual ADI with predominantly ferrite, the nucleation of cracks occurred along the interface graphite/matrix. Increasing the ausferrite volume fraction, the nucleation of cracks tended to occur along the inclusions and intercellular boundaries. Moreover, in dual ADI, the crack propagation and concentration of plastic deformation occurred preferentially in the ferrite. With respect to the fracture´s analysis, all materials showed that the quantities of fracture ductile/fragile were equivalent. The fractures had an aspect predominantly ductile, being formed mostly by dimples with some regions of quasi-cleavage.
Este trabalho faz parte de uma linha de pesquisa executada na UDESC, que visa entender e comparar o processo de fratura dos ADI duais, tais como, locais de concentração de deformação plástica e de nucleação de trincas, e caminhos de propagação de trinca. Os mecanismos de fratura de dois tipos de ADI duais com diferente fração volumétrica de ausferrita foram comparados com o ADI pleno. As temperaturas de austenitização intercrítica escolhidas foram 790°C e 820°C, e resultaram em ADI duais com 17 e 85% de ausferrita respectivamente. O ADI pleno, no qual foi austenitizado a 900°C, foi utilizado para servir de material de referência. Os três materiais foram austemperados a 360°C por 2h. Verificou-se que para o ADI dual com predominância de ferrita, a nucleação da trinca ocorreu junto à interface grafita/matriz. Conforme aumentou a fração volumétrica de ausferrita na matriz, a nucleação da trinca tendeu a ocorrer junto à inclusão intercelular e em contornos de célula. Além disso, nos ADI duais, a propagação da trinca e a concentração de deformação plástica ocorreu preferencialmente na ferrita. Vale ressaltar que os três materiais apresentaram quantidades de fratura dúctil/frágil equivalentes. As fraturas tinham uma característica predominantemente dúctil, sendo formadas na maioria por alvéolos com algumas regiões de quase-clivagem.
Canaverde, Andrea Aparecida. "Do Além-Tietê às novas áreas de centralidade-estudo da produção de centralidade na zona norte de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-19092007-133828/.
Full textThe main objective of this dissertation is the investigation of the factors that had contributed for the formation of the current urban configuration of the North Region of the City of São Paulo, especially the districts of Santana, Tucuruvi, Vila Maria and Vila Guilherme, addressing the production of an urban centrality at different moments of its history. The choice of the case-study area is justified as it is still in a transformation process and having characteristics to allow the research of the production of new urban centrality areas in São Paulo, subject still little explored in the academic field, formed by great real estate enterprises of the tertiary sector. The research worked with the hypothesis that one big real estate enterprise (Complexo Center Norte) was not the only responsible for the changes that occurred in the region urban space, in opposition to the common sense. The work method adopted was based on the study of the area production and on the analysis of data and information, gathered from studies and urban plans in the period between 1940 and 2006, considering the physical and socio-economical aspects of the region, beyond the analysis of the development of the elements of centrality.
Safatli, Micheline. "Synthesis of neutral and acidic ß-O-linked glycoconjugates related to those found in the core structure of mammalian zona pellucida." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36522.pdf.
Full textGomes, Dias António Carlos, and Neves Maria Elisabete Duarte. "Estructura de la propiedad e incentivos de catering para el reparto de dividendos en los países de la zona euro." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114847.
Full textEste artículo está construido sobre las predicciones de la teoría de catering de dividendos y examina la interacción entre los incentivos para el catering y la estructura corporativa de propiedad, en un contexto conductual, con la percepción de los inversores respecto al reparto de dividendos. Tratamos de evaluar como la estructura de propiedad afecta la disposiciónde las empresas en los países de la zona euro para modificar los pagos según los sentimientos de los inversionistas. Para lograr esto, proponemos un modelo de dividendos que incorpora una variable proxy a nivel defirma para captar el efecto catering. Los resultados de la estimación del modelo usando el GMM revelan un efecto de interacción entre el catering y las variables de propiedad, particularmente en el nivel de participación de los accionistas y la interacción entre los dos principales accionistas, tomando en cuenta la alguna posible colusión o disputa entre ellos.
Este artigo é construído sobre as predições da teoria de catering de dividendos e examina a interação entre os incentivose a estrutura de propiedade em um contexto comportamental com a percepção do investidor nos dividendos. Temos aintenção de avaliar como a estrutura de propriedade afeta a disposição das empresas em países da zona euro para ajustarse us pagamentos aos sentimentos dos investidores. Para atingir este objetivo, propomos um modelo de dividendos que incorpora uma variável ao nível de empresas para aproximar-se o efeito de catering. Os resultados da estimação domodelo usando o GMM revelam um efeito de interação entre as variáveis de catering e de propriedade, especialmente no nível de propriedade e da interação entre o primeiro e o segundo maior acionista, tendo em conta a existência umacolusão ou controvérsia entre eles.
Fujisaki, Érica Tieko. "Produção primária e estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica nas zonas limnética e litorânea da represa Álvaro de Souza Lima (Bariri, SP) em quatro épocas do ano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-25012017-160020/.
Full textTemporal and spacial variations of phytoplankton primary production in Bariri Reservoir (22º06\'S and 48º45\'W, São Paulo State, Brazil) were evaluated by in situ observations in two different areas: one in the limnetic zone (M1) and other in the littoral zone (M2) in February, April, July and September 1998. The phytoplankton primary productivity was determined by the dissolved oxigen method. The values of net primary productivity of the phytoplankton community in M1 varied from 122 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (April) to 2093 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (July), and M2, varied from 157 (April) to 861 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (February). The community respiration M1, varied from 18 (April) to 376 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (February) and M2, varied from zero (April) to 211 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (February).The lowest primary productivity, obtained in April, coincided with the lowest biomass. Probably, phosphorus was the main limitation of the primary productivity on the others study months. The bloom of Microcystis spp (S strategist) in February M1 and M2 and July M1 was related to water column more stable in these periods. In July M1, April M1 and M2 and September M1 and M2, the R and C strategists predominated, such as Rhodomonas lacustri, Aulacoseira granulata granulata, Chlamydomonas spp, Cryptomonas brasiliensis, Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa, Anabaena spiroides and Anabaena circinalis.
Marques, Douglas Ferreira. "AvaliaÃÃo do Estoque de Caranguejo-uÃa, Ucides cordatus (LINNAEUS, 1763) na Zona Estuarina do Rio Pacoti, Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6572.
Full textO caranguejo-uÃÃ, Ucides cordatus, à o principal recurso pesqueiro estuarino explorado nas Ãreas de manguezal das regiÃes Norte e Nordeste do Brasil tendo um grande valor sÃcio-econÃmico devido à geraÃÃo de emprego e renda que o mesmo promove para as comunidades ribeirinhas. A captura predatÃria e alta taxa de mortalidade que os estoques regionais vÃem sofrendo diminuem drasticamente as populaÃÃes de U. cordatus nos principais centros produtores. O estado do Cearà hà muito tempo nÃo possui um estoque que atenda a demanda local, e a manutenÃÃo do comÃrcio em Fortaleza sà à possÃvel devido à importaÃÃo de caranguejo de grandes centros produtores, mais notadamente do Piauà e MaranhÃo. Este trabalho apresenta informaÃÃes sobre a estrutura populacional e dinÃmica reprodutiva do caranguejo-uÃà que habita a regiÃo estuarina do rio Pacoti no estado do CearÃ. Para a estrutura populacional observou-se que a maior concentraÃÃo de indivÃduos encontrava-se nos intervalos de classes de comprimento de cefalotÃrax de 35,4 --| 38,4 mm e 42,1 --| 45,0 mm com os machos sendo mais compridos e mais largos que as fÃmeas. As anÃlises das relaÃÃes CC/LC de machos e fÃmeas nÃo mostraram diferenÃas significativamente estatÃsticas, tendo dessa forma sido comprovado que essa relaÃÃo nÃo exibiu padrÃes de dimorfometria sexual para essa espÃcie. Os coeficientes angulares de crescimento alomÃtrico (b) foram testados e exibiram uma taxa de crescimento alomÃtrico negativo para ambos os sexos (b<1). Em relaÃÃo à determinaÃÃo do perÃodo reprodutivo observou-se que o mesmo ocorre no perÃodo compreendido entre dezembro e maio com maior intensidade em janeiro e com a presenÃa de fÃmeas ovÃgeras a partir de 30,3 mm de comprimento de cefalotÃrax. O perÃodo de muda teve sua ocorrÃncia determinada nos meses de junho a dezembro com um mÃximo e um mÃnimo em julho e setembro para os machos, respectivamente, e com dois picos mÃximos e um mÃnimo em outubro e dezembro e em julho para as fÃmeas, respectivamente. As anÃlises da proporÃÃo sexual trimestral no estuÃrio do rio Pacoti (CE) revelaram haver predomÃnio dos machos no 4 trimestre de 2006 e no total de 2006, enquanto que as fÃmeas prevaleceram no 1 trimestre de 2007 e no total de 2007, assim como para todo o perÃodo do estudo. A densidade mÃdia de caranguejos-uÃà foi estimada em 2,2 caranguejos/m2 com uma abundÃncia de 3,16 x 106 caranguejos
The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus is the main fishing resource explored in North and Northeast mangrove areas in Brazil. The mangrove crab capture provide the main income form many families living along the estuaries in these areas. The U. cordatus populations have suffered intense predatory capture, coupled with high mortality rates during transport and distribution. The demand for crabs in the city of Fortaleza are steadily increasing in the last three decades, and natural populations of crabs in Cearà stateâs mangroves have diminished considerably, forcing the importation of crabs from other producing centers, such as Piauà and MaranhÃo. This work presents information on the population structure and reproductive dynamics of U. cordatus population from the Pacoti river estuary, in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza, CearÃ. Data was gathered monthly from May 2006 until July 2007, through random sampling the mangrove area. The size structure analysis showed that the largest portion of individuals were in the 35,4 --| 38,4mm and 42,1 --| 45,0mm class intervals of carapace length (CC). Males were significantly larger than females regarding carapace length and width. The CC/LC ratio of males and females, on the other hand, were not different. The determination coefficients of allometric growth (b) were tested and showed a negative allometric growth for both sexes (b<1). The reproductive period started in December and ended in May, with highest intensity in January. The smallest ovigerous females measured 30,3 mm in carapace length. The molt period began in June, ending in December with a maximum and minimum in July and September respectively, for the males, and two maximum peaks and a minimum in October, December and July, respectively, for the females. The analyses of the sex ratio by trimester showed predominance of males in the 4th trimester of 2006, whereas the females were more numerous in the 1st trimester of 2007. The mean density of mangrove crab was estimated in 2,2 crabs/m2
Campos, Giovana de Almeida Coelho. "Análise da influência do sombreamento causado pelos edifícios na zona central de Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1095.
Full textUrban growth and the fast pace in the concentration of people in cities are inevitable. Building verticalization as a solution to attend the need of maximum land use and to justify the infrastructure invested by the government in central areas, cause considerable impacts on the environment which they are. However, urbanization is not a problem itself, but how cities are being built and occupied. Thus, the main goal of this work is to verify the shadow influence caused by tall buildings in a specific area inside of the zone with more capacity of verticalization in Curitiba. This research was developed in four steps: the first one was to study the existing literature about this topic, second to define study section in the city and periods to be analyzed, third step to delimit a zoom of study with analysis about all periods and, fourth with computer simulations on Auto CAD, Sketchup Pro, Excel and Ecotect softwares to obtain important results. During the evolution of this work, it was verified that the shading caused by tall buildings undertake considerably neighboring buildings and all surrounding area. Furthermore, it was concluded that Curitiba, a cold city, suffers in winter season due to excessive shading in public spaces between blocks. On the other hand, open spaces as squares are correctly positioned and do not harm with verticalization on the downtown zone. Anyway, the intention to reduce the impact caused by these processes must be planned in a more embracing context. Project elaboration must consider local climate and urban context, just as the environmental impacts of those on neighboring buildings and on open spaces. The idea of preserving skylines already consolidate, avoiding tall buildings, can be an alternative to minimize shading impacts.
Márquez, Antaurco Edwin, and Arellano Omar Flavio Velarde. "Evaluación comparativa entre sistemas estructurales tradicionales de concreto armado vs estructura con aislación sísmica en base para el Hospital Huari de categoría II-1 en Ancash." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652668.
Full textPeru is located in a highly seismic zone, located within the Pacific ring of fire, which accounts for approximately 85% of the world's seismic activity. In our country there is no history of seismic events, therefore, our investigation consists of the restructuring of a category II hospital building, with 3 levels with seismic isolation at the base, on an intermediate floor; in the district and province of Huari, Ancash. The feasibility of building hospital buildings with the traditional method will be evaluated so that the entity can choose the option that best suits it for its execution. Given that in our country there is no more quantitative and comparative information on the behavior of hospitals with or without seismic isolation to establish or force the use of isolators in hospital infrastructures. Additionally, there is a history of hospitals that were designed and built with the current national seismic code and that continued operating after a seismic event. The comparative analysis demonstrates the capacity of the traditional system, which, properly designed, will have the capacity to meet the demands of severe seismic events, thus remaining operational after an earthquake; therefore, the isolated system would be an expensive solution to a simple problem. However, the current Peruvian seismic code requires the use of seismic isolators for all hospital buildings, especially in seismic zones 4 and 3.
Tesis
Marques, Douglas Ferreira Marques. "Avaliação do Estoque de Caranguejo-uça, Ucides cordatus (LINNAEUS, 1763) na Zona Estuarina do Rio Pacoti, Estado do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18261.
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The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus is the main fishing resource explored in North and Northeast mangrove areas in Brazil. The mangrove crab capture provide the main income form many families living along the estuaries in these areas. The U. cordatus populations have suffered intense predatory capture, coupled with high mortality rates during transport and distribution. The demand for crabs in the city of Fortaleza are steadily increasing in the last three decades, and natural populations of crabs in Ceará state’s mangroves have diminished considerably, forcing the importation of crabs from other producing centers, such as Piauí and Maranhão. This work presents information on the population structure and reproductive dynamics of U. cordatus population from the Pacoti river estuary, in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza, Ceará. Data was gathered monthly from May 2006 until July 2007, through random sampling the mangrove area. The size structure analysis showed that the largest portion of individuals were in the 35,4 --| 38,4mm and 42,1 --| 45,0mm class intervals of carapace length (CC). Males were significantly larger than females regarding carapace length and width. The CC/LC ratio of males and females, on the other hand, were not different. The determination coefficients of allometric growth (b) were tested and showed a negative allometric growth for both sexes (b<1). The reproductive period started in December and ended in May, with highest intensity in January. The smallest ovigerous females measured 30,3 mm in carapace length. The molt period began in June, ending in December with a maximum and minimum in July and September respectively, for the males, and two maximum peaks and a minimum in October, December and July, respectively, for the females. The analyses of the sex ratio by trimester showed predominance of males in the 4th trimester of 2006, whereas the females were more numerous in the 1st trimester of 2007. The mean density of mangrove crab was estimated in 2,2 crabs/m2
O caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus, é o principal recurso pesqueiro estuarino explorado nas áreas de manguezal das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil tendo um grande valor sócio-econômico devido à geração de emprego e renda que o mesmo promove para as comunidades ribeirinhas. A captura predatória e alta taxa de mortalidade que os estoques regionais vêem sofrendo diminuem drasticamente as populações de U. cordatus nos principais centros produtores. O estado do Ceará há muito tempo não possui um estoque que atenda a demanda local, e a manutenção do comércio em Fortaleza só é possível devido à importação de caranguejo de grandes centros produtores, mais notadamente do Piauí e Maranhão. Este trabalho apresenta informações sobre a estrutura populacional e dinâmica reprodutiva do caranguejo-uçá que habita a região estuarina do rio Pacoti no estado do Ceará. Para a estrutura populacional observou-se que a maior concentração de indivíduos encontrava-se nos intervalos de classes de comprimento de cefalotórax de 35,4 --| 38,4 mm e 42,1 --| 45,0 mm com os machos sendo mais compridos e mais largos que as fêmeas. As análises das relações CC/LC de machos e fêmeas não mostraram diferenças significativamente estatísticas, tendo dessa forma sido comprovado que essa relação não exibiu padrões de dimorfometria sexual para essa espécie. Os coeficientes angulares de crescimento alométrico (b) foram testados e exibiram uma taxa de crescimento alométrico negativo para ambos os sexos (b<1). Em relação à determinação do período reprodutivo observou-se que o mesmo ocorre no período compreendido entre dezembro e maio com maior intensidade em janeiro e com a presença de fêmeas ovígeras a partir de 30,3 mm de comprimento de cefalotórax. O período de muda teve sua ocorrência determinada nos meses de junho a dezembro com um máximo e um mínimo em julho e setembro para os machos, respectivamente, e com dois picos máximos e um mínimo em outubro e dezembro e em julho para as fêmeas, respectivamente. As análises da proporção sexual trimestral no estuário do rio Pacoti (CE) revelaram haver predomínio dos machos no 4º trimestre de 2006 e no total de 2006, enquanto que as fêmeas prevaleceram no 1º trimestre de 2007 e no total de 2007, assim como para todo o período do estudo. A densidade média de caranguejos-uçá foi estimada em 2,2 caranguejos/m2 com uma abundância de 3,16 x 106 caranguejos
El-Mestrah, Majid Fouad. "Zona pellucida glycoproteins, structural topography and modifications of the carbohydrate determinants during folliculogenesis and following in vivo fertilization and in vitro egg activation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59525.pdf.
Full textBarros, Tomás. "Previsão do tempo de vida de fadiga da aeronave Epsilon TB-30 baseada em ensaios experimentais representativos da operação da aeronave em provetes que simulam as zonas críticas." Master's thesis, Academia da Força Aérea, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/39701.
Full textThe objectives of this work are the characterization of the Portuguese Air Force Epsilon TB-30 fleet operation and the fatigue lifetime predicition with the implementation of a Structural Health Monitoring system in this aircraft. The implementation of this system comprised the installation of one accelerometer near the aircraft center of gravity, five strain sensors in five critical locations and a data acquisition unit. Flight data was recorded with this system, allowing the definition of transfer functions that correlate the aircraft acceleration with the strain in the critical locations. The analysis of acceleration flight data from a previous instrumentation, using signal filters and the level cross counting method, allowed the definition of the 1000 flight hours accumulated load spectrum. The objective of characterizing the fleet operation led to the need of establishing a severity comparison with the reference operation considered by the aircraft manufacturer. The methodology used in this work consisted of the accumulated damage calculation and a crack propagation study, for which random load sequences were generated based on the 1000 flight hours accumulated load spectra. The crack propagation study included a numerical approach with the Walker and NASGRO crack propagation models in the AFGROW© software and a finite element model developed in the ABAQUS© software. Additionally, it included an experimental approach with variable amplitude fatigue tests performed in Instituto Superior Técnico. In the scope of the crack propagation study, a 2024-T351 aluminium alloy representative specimen of one of the aircraft critical locations was designed, in which a corner notch was inserted by electrical discharge machining. The results of the present study may contribute to a possible change of the aircraft maintenance program and provide quantitative information about the stresses in the aircraft critical locations to the manufacturer.
N/A
Périer, Céline. "Conséquences de la dénervation dopaminergique chez la rat lésé à la 6-OHDA sur les structures situées en aval des lésions : analyse du noyau subthalamique et de la zona incerta." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066292.
Full textSainz-Maza, Aparicio Sergio. "Caracterización gravimétrica de zonas de rift en islas volcánicas oceánicas : aplicación a las islas de Tenerife y el Hierro." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461592.
Full textRift systems in oceanic volcanic areas are related to the growth of large volcanic buildings and are defined as areas of the crust subjected to extensive stresses that generate fractures in the form of fissures through which lava is emitted. The groups of cracks delineate rift systems. Traditionally, they have been considered deep structures acting as conduits that connect the areas of magma generation in the mantle with the earth's surface, controlling the magma rise in a way direct. Some recent studies based on geological, geophysical and paleomagnetic data question this deep rooting, considering instead a shallower origin. This origin would be associated with both regional tectonics and local processes related to variations in the gravitational load during the development process of volcanic buildings. In order to increase the knowledge of these systems we have studied the rift systems of Tenerife and El Hierro, both located in the Canarian Archipelago. Both, offer the opportunity to carry out a study of this type in view of its surface characteristics. Morphologically, these islands present three potential zones of rift, also denominated "dorsales". In surface, both islands show a similar arrangement of their basaltic volcanism along these “dorsales”, having traditionally been proposed a triple rift configuration in each island. We built an internal image of the Tenerife and El Hierro rift systems based in 3D models of subsoil density contrasts. These models were obtained by the application of an inversion genetic algorithm based on gravity data which uses as input parameters gravimetric anomalies. These models are the basis on which we will develop the subsequent discussions. The model obtained for the El Hierro Island, the rift systems are poorly rooted structures. They would have a shallower origin. Moreover, the three-dimensional model obtained for the north- western ridge of the island of Tenerife suggests a structure similar to the previous one, a superficial origin of these rift systems. In contrast, the comparison between the models corresponding to the structure under the “dorsal” and the subsurface structure corresponding to the southern part of the island, shows clear differences between the two. This indicates that the origin of both is different and, therefore, the volcanic model of the southern part of the island would be more in correspondence with a monogenetic volcanic field than with a typical configuration of rift, as already had been suggested in previous works.
Bolós, Granados Xavier de. "Geological and structural controls on La Garrotxa monogenetic Volcanic Field (NE Iberia) and structural controls on La Garrotxa monogenetic Volcanic Field (NE Iberia)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284848.
Full textLa present Tesi Doctoral es centra en els controls geològics i estructurals del vulcanisme monogenètic. S'ha posat especial atenció a la part més superficial de la litosfera i en el paper que juga aquesta zona en determinar la distribució de punts emissors i estils eruptius. S'ha seleccionat com a cas estudi el Camp Volcànic de la Garrotxa (GVF) (NE d'lberia). Aquest és encara poc conegut i ha esdevingut un lloc ideal per l'aplicació d'estudis multidlsciplinaris com els treballs que constitueixen aquesta Tesi Doctoral, integrant mètodes geofísics. treballs de camp, ¡ anàlisis geomorfològics i estructurals. Els primers dos treballs s'han portat a terme al sector Nord del GVF. Aquests estudis s'han basat en l'aplicació de diverses tècniques geofísiques, identificant així les estructures tectòniques principals I obtenint una informació detallada del basament. El tercer treball també s'ha realitzat a partir d'un estudi multigeofísic. En aquest cas al sector Sud del GVF, concretament al volcà de la Crosa de Sant Dalmai. Els resultats han permès la realització d'un model de la part superior de la diatrema, determinant la seva estructura interna i origen. Els resultats obtingut suggereixen que la tomografia elèctrica resulta una eina eficaç per l'estudi dels diferents tipus d'edificis monogenètics. D'aquesta manera es presenta un treball breu amb diferents exemples de l'estructura dels cons volcànics de la zona. Combinant aquests resultats amb informació geològica de camp, s'ha realitzat la primera cartografia vulcanoestratigràfica del GVF. Finalment, s'ha fet un anàlisi volcanoestructural de tot el camp volcànic, el qual Inclou la distribució geoestadística de falles, fissures i punts emissors, identificació morfo-estructural de lineacions, anàlisi morfomètric dels cons i cràters, localització de la sismicitat registrada de la zona i gasos derivats del mantell en surgències i pous, com a guia per identificar falles actives o fractures obertes, amb l'objectiu de definir els controls estructurals d'aquest vulcanisme. Tot els resultats obtinguts han permès entendre el transport del magma des de la litosfera fins la superfície, i representen un eina essencial per una correcta avaluació de la perillositat volcànica al GVF. Tanmateix, les metodologies descrites estableixen una pauta general per l'estudi dels camps monogenètics actius.
Neves, Leonardo Mitrano. "Fatores estruturadores das assembl?ias de peixes em tr?s distintas zonas (rio, mistura e costeira) do estu?rio do rio Mambucaba, Angra dos Reis- RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1207.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ
The estuarine systems influence fish assemblages, throughout their longitudinal gradients and remarkable salinity changes. Such assemblages adapt to different habitat constraints and change in spatial and temporal scales. The aim of this study was to assess the ichthyofauna composition and structure in three zones of the Mambucaba estuary (CZ ? coastal zone; MZ ? mixture zone and RZ ? river zone) and their relationship with environmental variables and habitat characteristics. Systematic fish collections (2 months in each seasons) were performed between October 2007 and August 2008, by using otter trawl at two sites in CZ (C1 e C2), beach seine at three sites in MZ (M1, M2, M3) and mesh trays at two sites in RZ (R1 e R2). At each fish sampling occasion, both surface and depth environmental variables of temperature, salinity, conductivity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen were taken and depth was measured. A total of 14,320 individuals, in 111 species (RZ ? 18; MZ ? 50, and CZ - 66) were collected. Distinct fish assemblages were found for each zone, as indicated by low number of common species (14 - MZ and CZ; 8 - MZ and RZ; and 2 - CZ and RZ), and only one abundant species (> 1% of the total number of fish within the zone) being common in more than one zone (Eucinostomus argenteus in CZ and MZ). Such pattern can be related to high salinity variation in MZ and narrow (20 m) channel width connecting the estuary with the sea, which can limit fish movement (into/out of the estuary). In CZ, the three more abundant species were Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Ctenosciaena gracillicirrhus, Anchoa lyolepis, Larimus breviceps and Stellifer brasiliensis, with large contribution of fish from the Scieanidae family in this zone (18 species). Spatial changes inf fish species were not consistent in CZ, probably due to lack of spatio-temporal estuarine plume influence on depth environmental variables (ANOVA, p>0.05). Depth was the main factor to influence spatial changes for Diapterus rhombeus (negative association) more abundant in C1 (average depth = 10 m; ANOVA, p<0.05) and Micropogonias furnieri, P. brasiliensis and Pellona harroweri (positive association) more abundant in C2 (average depth = 17 m; ANOVA, p<0.00). Diapterus rhombeus and Etropus crossotus occured mainly in Spring and Summer, and Eucinosomus gula in Spring. The most abundant species in CZ, typical of high salinty influence, is a indication that this zone have characteristics to inner continental shelf. In MZ, most abundant species (Eugerres brasilianus, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Trinectes paulistanus, Gobionellus shufeldti, G. oceanicus, Geophagus brasiliensis, Centropomus parallelus and Citharichthys arenaceus) have higher number and weight of individuals in M1 (ANOVA, p<0.01), an adjacent lagoon connected to the main channel. In spite of the significant negative correlation between this species and salinity (r-Spearman>0.32, p<0.01), the more sheltered areas in M1 seem to be more important to determine this pattern than salinity itself. The site M1 also have more number of individuals and species (ANOVA, p<0.01), and larger number of fish of smaller size (CT median = 58mm) compared to M2 and M3, located in the main channel (median = 106mm) according to Median and Kruskall-Wallis tests (p<0.01; 2 = 1167.5), indicating the importance of this area for species recruitment. Low average similarity (SIMPER) for sites M2 (38.7%) and M3 (17.8%) indicate larger variability of assemblage in these sites, probably due to lesser habitat structure e higher dynamism. In RZ, the fish assemblage have few species (5) with abundance higher than 1% of the total number of fishes, being dominated by Dormitator maculatus, Astyanax sp and ix Microphis brachyurus lineatus, species typical of upper estuaries and lower river reaches. Spatial variation was detected for D. maculatus only, more abundant at R2, a site with abundant riparian vegetation, mainly grass. Dormitator maculatus was more abundant in Summer and Autumn, M. brachyurus lineatus, in Spring, Autumn and Winter and Astyanax sp was absent in Spring only. Patterns in fish assemblage structure were at large scale, primarily species-specific responses to dominant environmental gradient, while at small scale, results of association with the habitat.
Os sistemas estuarinos influenciam as assembl?ias de peixes, ao longo de seus gradientes longitudinais e das marcadas varia??es da salinidade. Estas assembl?ias se adaptam ?s diferentes condicionantes do habitat e variam em escalas espaciais e temporais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composi??o e estrutura da ictiofauna em tr?s zonas do estu?rio do rio Mambucaba (ZC ? zona costeira; ZM ? zona de mistura e ZR ? zona de rio) e suas rela??es com as vari?veis ambientais e caracter?sticas do habitat destas zonas. Coletas sistem?ticas de peixes (2 meses por esta??o do ano) foram realizadas entre outubro de 2007 e agosto de 2008, com arrastos de fundo em dois locais da ZC (C1 e C2), arrasto de praia em 3 locais da ZM (M1, M2, M3) e peneira em 2 locais da ZR (R1 e R2). Em cada amostragem de peixes, foram tomadas, para a superf?cie e fundo, as vari?veis ambientais de temperatura, salinidade, condutividade, turbidez e oxig?nio dissolvido, bem como medida a profundidade. Um total de 14320 indiv?duos, constitu?dos por 111 esp?cies (ZR ? 18; ZM ? 50 e ZC - 66) foram coletados. Assembl?ias de peixes distintas foram identificadas para cada zona, indicadas pelo baixo n?mero de esp?cies comuns (14 - ZM e ZC; 8 - ZM e ZR; e 2 - ZC e ZR), e com apenas uma esp?cie abundante (> 1% do numero total de peixes na zona) comum em mais de uma zona (Eucinostomus argenteus na ZC e ZM). Tal padr?o pode estar relacionado ? maior variabilidade da salinidade existente na ZM e a estreita (20 m) largura do canal de conex?o com o mar, fatores que podem ser limitantes aos movimentos (entrada/sa?da) de peixes. Na ZC, as tr?s esp?cies mais abundantes foram Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Ctenosciaena gracillicirrhus, Anchoa lyolepis, Larimus breviceps e Stellifer brasiliensis, com a maior participa??o de peixes da fam?lia Sciaenidae nesta zona (18 esp?cies). As varia??es espaciais das esp?cies foram pouco consistentes na ZC, provavelmente relacionado a influencia da pluma estuarina n?o ter provocado mudan?as espa?o-temporais nas vari?veis ambientais de fundo (ANOVA, p>0,05). A profundidade foi o principal fator respons?vel pela separa??o espacial encontrada para Diapterus rhombeus (associa??es negativas) mais abundante em C1 (profundidade m?dia = 10 m; ANOVA, p<0,05) e Micropogonias furnieri, P. brasiliensis e Pellona harroweri (associa??es positivas) mais abundantes em C2 (profundidade m?dia = 17 m; ANOVA, p<0,00). Diapterus rhombeus e Etropus crossotus ocorreram principalmente na primavera e ver?o, e Eucinosomus gula na primavera. As esp?cies mais abundantes da ZC, t?picas de ?guas com maior influencia salina, ? um indicativo de que esta zona tem caracter?sticas mais associadas ? plataforma continental interna. Na ZM, a maioria das esp?cies mais abundantes (Eugerres brasilianus, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Trinectes paulistanus, Gobionellus shufeldti, G. oceanicus, Geophagus brasiliensis, Centropomus parallelus e Citharichthys arenaceus) apresentou maior n?mero e peso de indiv?duos em M1 (ANOVA, p<0,01), uma lagoa adjacente conectada ao canal principal. Apesar das correla??es negativas significativas observadas entre estas esp?cies e a salinidade (r-Spearman>0.32, p<0,01), as ?reas mais abrigadas em M1 parecem ser mais determinantes neste padr?o do que a salinidade em si. O local M1 tamb?m apresentou o maior n?mero de indiv?duos e de esp?cies (ANOVA, p<0,01), com maior n?mero de peixes de menor tamanho (CT mediana = 58mm) do que dos locais M2 e M3, situados no canal principal (mediana = 106mm) de acordo com o Teste das Medianas e Teste de Kruskallvii Wallis (p<0,01; 2 = 1167,5), indicando a import?ncia desta ?rea para o recrutamento das esp?cies. A baixa similaridade m?dia (SIMPER) para os locais M2 (38,7%) e M3 (17,8%) indicam uma maior variabilidade na assembl?ia destes locais, possivelmente devido a menor estrutura??o do habitat e maior dinamismo. Na ZR, a assembl?ia de peixes apresentou poucas esp?cies (5) com abund?ncia maior que 1% do n?mero total de peixes, sendo dominada por Dormitator maculatus, Astyanax sp e Microphis brachyurus lineatus, esp?cies t?picas de ?reas lim?trofes entre a zona superior do estu?rio e a zona baixa de rio. Varia??es espaciais foram detectadas apenas para D. maculatus, mais abundantes em R2, um local com abundante vegeta??o marginal composta principalmente por gram?neas. D. maculatus foi mais abundante no ver?o e outono, M. brachyurus lineatus, na primavera, outono e inverno e Astyanax sp foi ausente somente na primavera. Os padr?es na estrutura da assembl?ia de peixes s?o, em maior escala, primariamente resultado das respostas individuais das esp?cies ao gradiente ambiental dominante, enquanto em menor escala, resultado das associa??es com o habitat.
Loureiro, Sabrina Jaime. "Análise das variáveis macroeconômicas e financeiras que afetam a formação de preço dos títulos de dívida externa dos países da zona euro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-22052018-101435/.
Full textThis work investigates the importance of macroeconomic fundamentals in explaining the increase in the peripheral European sovereign spreads after 2009. After Germany refused to bail-out Greece, we show that investors not only increased the peripheral European sovereign spreads explained by the debt to GDP ratio, but also started pricing risk by observing additional macroeconomic fundamentals: the real gdp growth rate and the real effective exchange rate. We also show that changes in the Vix are priced only after 2010, demonstrating that investors considered European peripheral countries less safe after Germany decided not to bail-out Greece.
Bou, Khalil Maroun. "Biophysical and biochemical properties of the mammalian male germ cell specific sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG): Contribution to the structure and zona pellucida affinity of pig sperm raft membranes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29079.
Full textCunha, F?bio Souza e. Silva da. "Condicionamento estrutural das zonas de cisalhamento da regi?o de Forquilha, dom?nio Cear? Central: uma abordagem integrada de sensoriamento remoto e geologia estrutural." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18341.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The studied region, named Forquilha and localized in northwestern Central Cear? domain (northern portion of Borborema Province), presents a lithostratigraphic framework constituted by paleoproterozoic metaplutonics, metasedimentary sequences and neoproterozoic granitoids. The metasedimentary rocks of Cear? group occupy most part of the area. This group is subdivided in two distinct units: Canind? and Independ?ncia. Canind? unit is represented basically by biotite paragneisses and muscovite paragneisses, with minor metabasic rocks (amphibolite lens). Independ?ncia sequence is composed by garnetiferous paragneisses, sillimanite-garnet-quartz-muscovite schists and quartz-muscovite schists, pure or muscovite quartzites and rare marbles. At least three ductile deformation events were recognized in both units of Cear? group, named D1, D2 and D3. The former one is interpreted as related to a low angle tangential tectonics which mass transport is southward. D2 event is marked by the development of close/isoclinal folds with a N-S oriented axis. Refolding patterns generated by F1 and F2 superposition are found in several places. The latest event (D3) corresponds to a transcurrent tectonics, which led to development of mega-folds and several shear zones, under a transpressional regime. The mapped shear zones are Humberto Monte (ZCHM), Po?o Cercado (ZCPC) and Forquilha (ZCF). Digital image processing of enhanced Landsat 7-ETM+ satellite images, combined with field data, demonstrate that these penetrative structures are associated with positive and negative geomorphologic patterns, distributed in linear and curvilinear arrangements with tonal banding, corresponding to the ductile fabric and to crests. Diverse color composites were tested and RGB-531 and RGB-752 provided the best results for lineament analysis of the most prominent shear zones. Spatial filtering techniques (3x3 and 5x5 filters) were also used and the application of Prewitt filters generated the best products. The integrated analysis of morphological and textural aspects from filtered images, variation of tonalities related to the distribution of geologic units in color composites and the superposition over a digital elevation model, contributed to a characterization of the structural framework of the study area. Kinematic compatibility of ZCHM, ZCPC, ZCF shear zones, as well as Sobral-Pedro II (ZCSPII) shear zone, situated to the west of the study area, was one of the goal of this work. Two of these shear zones (ZCHM, ZCPC) display sinistral movements, while the others (ZCSPII, ZCF) exhibit dextral kinematics. 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained in this thesis for ZCSPII and ZCPC, associated with other 40Ar/39Ar data of adjacent areas, indicate that all these shear zones are related to Brasiliano orogeny. The trend of the structures, the opposite shear senses and the similar metamorphic conditions are fitted in a model based on the development of conjugate shear zones in an unconfined transpression area. A WNW-ESE bulk shortening direction is infered. The geometry and kinematic of the studied structures suggest that shortening was largely accommodated by lateral extrusion, with only minor amounts of vertical stretch
A regi?o de Forquilha localiza-se no extremo noroeste do Dom?nio Cear? Central (por??o setentrional da Prov?ncia Borborema) e apresenta um arcabou?o litoestratigr?fico formado por rochas metaplut?nicas paleoproteroz?icas, seq??ncias metasupracrustais e granit?ides neoproteroz?icos. As rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Cear? ocupam a maior parte da ?rea e s?o subdivididas em duas unidades distintas: Canind? e Independ?ncia. A unidade Canind? ? formada basicamente por biotita paragnaisses e muscovita paragnaisses, envolvendo rochas metab?sicas (lentes de anfibolitos). A seq??ncia Independ?ncia abrange paragnaisses granad?feros, intercalados com silimanita-granada-quartzo-muscovita xistos e quartzo-muscovita xistos, quartzitos puros ou com muscovita e, mais raramente, m?rmores. Foram identificados e caracterizados pelo menos tr?s eventos de deforma??o d?ctil, denominados de D1, D2 e D3. O evento D1 pode ser interpretado como correspondente ? uma tect?nica tangencial de baixo ?ngulo com transporte tect?nico para sul. O evento D2 ? caracterizado pelo desenvolvimento de dobras fechadas a isoclinais com eixos aproximadamente N-S. Padr?es de superposi??o de dobras F1 e F2 foram verificadas em diversos locais. O terceiro evento (D3), desenvolvido em um regime transpressional, gerou dobras megasc?picas com eixos NNE a NE e zonas de cisalhamento transcorrentes. Essas zonas transcorrentes D3 s?o denominadas de Zona de Cisalhamento Humberto Monte (ZCHM), Zona de Cisalhamento Po?o Cercado (ZCPC) e Zona de Cisalhamento Forquilha (ZCF). O processamento digital de imagens de sat?lite Landsat 7-ETM+, combinado com dados de campo, demonstrou que essas estruturas penetrativas desenvolveram padr?es geomorfol?gicos positivos e negativos, distribu?dos em arranjos lineares e curvilineares com bandamento tonal, associados ao fabric d?ctil das rochas e a cristas. Diversas composi??es coloridas foram testadas, sendo que RGB-531 e RGB-752 proporcionaram os melhores resultados para an?lise de lineamentos correspondentes ?s principais zonas de cisalhamento. T?cnicas de filtragem espacial (filtros 3x3 e 5x5) tamb?m foram utilizadas, sobressaindo-se os produtos resultantes da aplica??o de filtros Prewitt na banda PC1. A an?lise integrada dos aspectos morfol?gicos e texturais presentes nas imagens filtradas, somados ?s varia??es de cores assumidas pelas unidades geol?gicas nas composi??es coloridas e ? sobreposi??o sobre um modelo digital de eleva??o, permitiram uma caracteriza??o em mega-escala da conforma??o estrutural da ?rea de estudo. Um dos objetivos desse trabalho foi compatibilizar a cinem?tica das zonas de cisalhamento ZCHM, ZCPC, ZCF, juntamente com a zona de cisalhamento (lineamento) Sobral-Pedro II (ZCSPII), situada na adjac?ncia, a oeste da ?rea estudada. As idades 40Ar/39Ar obtidas nesta tese para a ZCSPII e a ZCPC, associadas com outros dados 40Ar/39Ar de zonas de cisalhamento do Estado do Cear?, s?o indicativas de que todas essas zonas estejam relacionadas ? orog?nese Brasiliana. Al?m disso, a orienta??o geral das estruturas, os sentidos de cisalhamento opostos (sinistral na ZCHM e na ZCPC; dextral na ZCSPII e na ZCF) e as condi??es metam?rficas semelhantes conduziram ? proposta de um modelo evolutivo das zonas de cisalhamento da regi?o de Forquilha a partir do desenvolvimento de zonas de cisalhamento d?cteis conjugadas em uma ?rea de transpress?o n?o-confinada, com uma dire??o geral de encurtamento WNW-ESE. A geometria e a cinem?tica do conjunto de estruturas analisadas sugerem que o encurtamento tenha sido amplamente acomodado por extrus?o lateral, com menores quantidades de estiramento vertical
Chaves, Filipe de Oliveira. "Caracterização e relações ambientais da produção de serapilheira em florestas de mangue da baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro - Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-19072007-133914/.
Full textThis work objectified the quantification of litterfall produced in mangrove forests and the analysis of its relation with environmental factors in Guanabara bay. The biannual average total production varied between 4,7 and 22,8 t.ha-1.year-1, with an average of 13,4 (± 3,79) t.ha-1.year-1 in twenty four stations distributed in the estuary. In this bay, the salinity of interstitial water demonstrated an inversely proportional relation with production. Leaf production comprised, on average, 60% of total litter fall followed by propagule (18,7%) and wood (13%). The temporal variation was seasonal with a maximum in the summer season and minimum in the winter season. The two years of sampling also showed great differences in litterfall production that were linked to the fall of propagules, particularly of Rhizophora mangle, responsible in many cases for the formation of peaks. Structural variables defined important relations for the transects, with negative regression between density and positive for DBH and litterfall production. Litter production was highly variable and negatively correlated with air temperature. In the end of this study, it was possible to attest the importance of mangrove forests as producers of litter in the bay, enhancing its important role for the estuary.
El, Omari Kamel. "Etudes structurales et biochimiques de protéines cibles pour le développement de molécules antivirales et antitumorales." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066024.
Full textNASCIMENTO, Poliana Paula. "Análise experimental de pilares de concreto armado submetidos à flexo-compressão, reforçados com concreto auto-adensável e conectores." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/679.
Full textMany problems involving cases of ruins of buildings, bridges, etc., specifically ruin of columns, which are among the most important links in the whole structure, due to project flaw, bad execution or even for the evolution and changing habits. Therefore it has been of fundamental importance researches on the experimental behavior of structures. When conducting a strengthening column using dry with increased self-compacting concrete, it has the drawback of a sudden rupture by peeling the reinforcement. For this, there is a need to study the area of adhesion between substrate and to strengthen and create a way of preparation of this interface area so that the column increases may come into ruin in a ductile flexural as well as in a monolithic column. Thus, it s been developed an experimental study in the School of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Goias, based on analysis of the breaking loads, lateral displacements and deformations of the column of materials for different ways of preparing the surface of the column to be strengthened. The experimental phase of this work was based on testing of nine reinforced concrete columns, which are tested under flexural compression, with eccentricity of 60 mm. Two columns were used as reference columns, one with the original dimensions of the column and the other monolithic concreted in the thickness of a sin reinforced the others received a layer of 35 mm thick concrete selfcompacting in the compressed face. For preparation of the interchange between the two materials, it was proceeded with the scarification and the realization of grooves along this surface, where inserted connectors attached to transverse reinforcement of the columns, varying the position and quantity of the same. It can be concluded that not only quantity, but mainly the location of connectors used in the connection between the substrate and reinforcement, is essential for a good result of resistance and rupture mode. Must be observed a minimum spacing between the connectors strengthening to ensure a more monolithic unit, enabling a ductile rupture occurred as the reference column
Muitos são os problemas envolvendo casos de ruína de edifícios, pontes etc, especificamente ruína de pilares, que são uns dos elos mais importantes do conjunto estrutural, por falha de projeto, de execução ou ainda, pela evolução e alteração de hábitos. Por isso tem sido de fundamental importância as pesquisas que abordam o comportamento experimental das estruturas. Ao se realizar um reforço de pilar utilizando-se aumento de seção com concreto auto-adensável, tem-se o inconveniente de uma ruptura brusca por desplacamento do reforço. Para tanto, verifica-se a necessidade de estudar a zona de aderência entre substrato e reforço e criar um modo de preparo desta zona de interface de modo que o pilar reforçado possa entrar em ruína de forma dúctil por flexão, assim como acontece em um pilar monolítico. Assim, desenvolveu-se um estudo experimental na Escola de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal de Goiás, baseado na análise de cargas de ruptura, deslocamentos laterais dos pilares e deformações dos materiais para diferentes formas de preparo da superfície do pilar a ser reforçado.A etapa experimental deste trabalho baseou-se no ensaio de nove pilares de concreto armado, sendo estes ensaiados à flexo-compressão reta, com excentricidade de 60 mm. Dois pilares foram usados como pilares de referência, sendo um com as dimensões originais do pilar e o outro monolítico concretado na espessura de um peça reforçada, os demais receberam uma camada de 35 mm de espessura de concreto auto-adensável na face comprimida. Para preparo da zona de interface entre os dois materiais, procedeu-se com a escarificação e a realização de sulcos ao longo desta superfície, onde foram inseridos conectores ligados a armadura transversal do pilar, variando-se a posição e a quantidade dos mesmos. Pode-se concluir que não só a quantidade, mas principalmente, a localização dos conectores utilizados na ligação entre substrato e reforço, são imprescindíveis para um bom resultado de resistência e modo de ruptura. Sendo necessário respeitar um espaçamento mínimo entre os conectores do reforço para se garantir um trabalho mais monolítico da peça, possibilitando uma ruptura dúctil como a ocorrida nos pilares de referência
Coutinho, Artur Paiva. "Importance de l’hétérogénéité structurale de la zone non saturée pour la modélisation de l’écoulement à méso-échelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSET012/document.
Full textUnderstanding preferential flows in the vadose zone is a prerequisite for a proper management of infiltration basins. The studied infiltration basin lies on a strongly heterogeneous glaciofluvial deposit made of a predominant lithofacies that embeds lenses of sand and gravel. Geophysics (GPR) were used to characterize the lithological heterogeneity along radar-grammes (sections few meters deep and dozens of meters long). Flow was modelled for all these sections and compared to a synthetic section filled only with the predominant lithofacies (control). Numerical results show that, under unsaturated conditions, the lithological heterogeneity has a strong impact on flow with the establishment of preferential flows induced by capillary-barrier effects in the vicinity of lenses of sand and gravel. These effects have also consequences on water fluxes at surface (infiltration and runoff) and depend strongly on the section considered for numerical modelling. It can thus be concluded that the spatial variability of lithological heterogeneity induces a spatial variability of preferential flow. Geometrical and architectural parameters were defined to quantity lithological heterogeneity and link it to preferential flows, with the aim to propose a first step towards modelling flow in the basin at the meso-scale
O entendimento do fluxo na zona não saturada em formações heterogêneas é um prérequisito para uma gestão adequada de poluentes em bacias de infiltração inseridas nessas formações. Este estudo aborda o efeito da heterogeneidade litológica nos processo de escoamento numa bacia de infiltração com geologia inserida num depósito fluvioglacial. A bacia de infiltração é a Bacia Django Reinhardt, existente em Lyon. Esta bacia foi objeto de vários estudos que demonstraram algumas avaliações do impacto da heterogeneidade do solo. Os objetivos desses trabalhos foram todos baseados apenas no estudo sedimentológico de uma trincheira. Nenhum estudo abordou a potencial variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo. Neste trabalho, foi modelizado o fluxo na zona vadosa através de três casos: drenagem interna, infiltração de água durante um evento de precipitação pluviométrica constante e solicitação hidrológica a partir de um fluxo variável escoamento superficial. Estes cálculos foram realizados para várias seções, que foram previamente caracterizadas quanto a sua heterogeneidade estrutural usando a técnica não destrutiva do GPR com uma frequência de 200MHz e 100MHz. O comportamento hidráulico dessas seções foi comparado com a de uma seção homogênea. Foi comparada o efeito da resolução da imagem nas estimativas das variáveis de fluxo. Alguns indicadores arquiteturais, geométricos e texturais foram propostos para esclarecer e avaliar a variabilidade espacial do efeito da heterogeneidade do solo sobre o fluxo em condições não saturadas. Os resultados mostram claramente que a heterogeneidade gera impactos nas variáveis de fluxo em condições não saturadas. Os impactos dependem da seção considerada.Os resultados mostram também que: a) a heterogeneidade estrutural do subsolo na meso-escala apresenta um efeito sobre a geração de escoamento preferencial e isso independe do tipo de solicitação aplicada na seção; b) O efeito da heterogeneidade se mostrou independentende das condições de contorno aplicadas na superfície; c) Nos períodos de ocorrência de chuvas intensas quem controla o comportamento das variáveis de fluxo é a intensidade de precipitação. No entanto, nos períodos em que ocorre ausência de precipitação, as variáveis de fluxo são controladas pela heterogeneidade da zona não saturada; d) A utilização de diferentes frequências influencia na estimativa das variáveis de fluxo. Isso é decorrente do impacto na quantificação da heterogeneidade decorrente do efeito da resolução de cada antena; e) Os indicadores não apresentaram relação direta com as variáveis de fluxo estudadas. Isso demonstra que o efeito da heterogeneidade não pode ser explicado por um único fator, mas por um conjunto de fatores
Medeiros, Vladimir Cruz de. "Evolu??o geodin?mica e condicionamento estrutural dos terrenos Pianc?-Alto Br?gida e Alto Paje?, dom?nio da zona transversal, NE do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18350.
Full textCompanhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais
This thesis aims to advance in the geological knowledge of the region comprising the Pianc?-Alto Br?gida (TPAB) and Alto paje? (TAP) terranes, in the Transversal Zone Domain (Borborema Province, NE Brazil), with the main objective of understanding the geodynamic evolution and the structural framework of these units. To reach this objective, and besides field work and interpretation of traditional aerial photographs, other tools were employed like of remote sensing products (Landsat 7 ETM+, aeroradiometrics, aeromagnetics and topographical images), lithogeochemical (whole rock) analyses and geochronological dating (U-Pb in zircon), besides integration with literature data. In the area, several precambrian geological units outcrop, represented in the TAP by the paleoproterozoic Serra Talhada and Afogados da Ingazeira complexes, Riacho Gravat? Complex (metavolcano-sedimentary sequence of Stenian-Tonian age) and Cariris Velhos orthogneisses (of Tonian age). The TPAB comprises the Santana do Garrote (lower unit) and Serra do Olho d'?gua (upper unit) formations of the Cachoeirinha Group (Neoproterozoic III), besides the Pianc? orthogneisses and Bom Jesus paragneisses; the latter correspond to an older (basement ?) block and a possible high grade equivalent of the Cachoeirinha Group (or Serid? Group ?), respectively. Several Brasiliano-age plutons occur in both terranes.The aeromagnetic data show the continuity, at depth, of the main shear zones mapped in the region. The Patos, Pernambuco, Boqueir?o dos Cochos, Serra do Caboclo, Afogados da Ingazeira/Jabitac? and Congo-Cruzeiro do Nordeste shear zones reach depths greater than to 6-16 km. The aeromagnetic signature of other shear zones, like the Juru one, suggests that these structures correspond to shallower crustal features. The satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+) and aerogamaspectrometric images discriminate different geological units, contributing to the mapping of the structural framework of the region. The Serra do Caboclo Shear Zone was characterized as the boundary/suture between the TPAB and TAP. This structure is an outstanding, pervasive feature that separates contrasting geological units, such as the Neoproterozoic III Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB and the Riacho Gravat? Complex and the Cariris Velhos metaplutonics, of Stenian-Tonian age, in the TAP. Occupying different blocks, these units are not found in authoctonous relations, like unconformities and intrusive contacts. Concerning the Cariris Velhos (ca. 1,0 Ga old) event is recorded by radiometric ages of the Riacho Gravat? Complex metavolcanics and intrusive augen and orthogneisses, all of them displaying geochemical affinities of arc or collisional settings. A structural signature of this event was not recorded in the region, possibly due to its low grade/low strain style, obliterated by the overprinting of younger, higher grade/high strain Brasiliano-age fabrics.The first tectonic event (D1) observed in the Cariris Velhos lithotypes presents contractional kinematics with transport to the NW. Neoproterozoic III geochronologic dates, obtained in late-D1 granitoids, imply a Brasiliano age (ca. 610-600 Ma) for this deformation event. The second tectonic event (D2) characterized in the region corresponds to the Brasiliano transcurrent kinematics of the outstanding shear zones and associated granitoid plutons. The geochronological (U-Pb in zircon) data obtained during this thesis also confirms the occurrence of the Cariris Velhos magmatic suite in the TAP, as well as the Neoproterozoic III age to the Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB. The TAP (Riacho Gravat? Complex, augen and orthogneisses) is interpreted as a continental arc possibly accreted to a microcontinent during the Cariris Velhos (Stenian-Tonian) event. Later on, this terrane collided with the TPAB at the beginning of the Brasiliano orogeny (D1 contractional deformation), and both domins were reworked by the transcurrent shear deformation of the D2 event
A presente tese procurou avan?ar no conhecimento geol?gico da regi?o que abrange os terrenos Pianc?-Alto Br?gida (TPAB) e Alto paje? (TAP) , no Dom?nio da Zona Transversal (Prov?ncia Borborema, NE do Brasil), com o intuito principal de compreender a evolu??o geodin?mica e o condicionamento estrutural destas unidades. Para atingir este objetivo, al?m do trabalho de campo e da interpreta??o de fotografias a?reas tradicionais, foram utilizados outros produtos de sensoriamento remoto (imagens Landsat 7 ETM+, aeroradiom?tricas, aeromagn?ticas e topogr?ficas), an?lises litogeoqu?micas (rocha total) e data??es geocronol?gicas (U-Pb em zirc?o), al?m da integra??o com dados da literatura. Na regi?o afloram v?rias unidades geol?gicas precambrianas, representadas no T AP pelos complexos paleoproteroz?icos de Serra Talhada e Afogados da Ingazeira, Complexo Riacho Gravat? (seq??ncia metavulcanossedimentar de idade Esteniana-Toniana) e ortognaisses Cariris Velhos (Tonianos). No TPAB ocorrem as forma??es Santana do Garrote (unidade inferior) e Serra do Olho d'?gua (unidade superior) do Grupo Cachoeirinha (Neoproteroz?ico III), al?m dos ortognaisses de Pianc? e paragnaisses de Bom Jesus, estes dois ?ltimos podendo constituir um bloco mais antigo (embasamento ?) e um equivalente de alto grau do Grupo Cachoeirinha (ou Grupo Serid? ?), respectivamente. Em ambos os terrenos ainda ocorrem v?rios corpos degranit?ides brasilianos. Os dados aeromagn?ticos permitiram estimar a continuidade, em profundidade, das principais zonas de cisalhamento cartografadas na regi?o. As zonas de cisalhamento de Patos, Pernambuco, Boqueir?o dos Cochos, Serra do Caboclo, Afogados da Ingazeira/Jabitac? e Congo-Cruzeiro do Nordeste atingem profundidades . superiores a 6-16 km. A assinatura aeromagn?tica de outras zonas de cisalhamento, tais como a de Juru, sugere que tais estruturas correspondem a fei??es crustais mais rasas. As imagens de sat?lite (Landsat 7 ETM+) e aerogamaespectrom?tricas permitiram individualizar unidades geol?gicas distintas, bem como esbo?ar a trama estrutural da regi?o.A Zona de Cisalhamento Serra do Caboclo foi caracterizada como o limite/sutura entre o TPAB e TAP, tendo em vista ser uma estrutura marcante/penetrativa que separa unidades geol?gicas contrastantes, como o Grupo Cachoeirinha (Neoproteroz?ico III) no TPAB e o Complexo Riacho Gravat? (Esteniano-Toniano) e as metaplut?nicas Cariris Velhos, do TAP. Embora mais jovem, o Grupo Cachoeirinha n?o exibe contatos em n?o conformidade sobre o Complexo Riacho Gravat? ou ortognaisses Cariris Velhos, indicando que aquelas unidades estavam distanciadas quando da sua deposi??o. Com rela??o ao evento Cariris Velhos (ca. 1,0 Ga), a presen?a do mesmo ? indicada pelas metavulc?nicas do Complexo Riacho Gravat?, augen gnaisses e ortognaisses intrusivos, todos com afinidade geoqu?mica de contextos de arco ou colisional. Todavia, o registro estrutural associado a este evento n?o foi identificado, o que foi interpretado em fun??o de sua oblitera??o (constitu?am estruturas de baixo grau/baixo strain) pelos eventos subseq?entes. O primeiro evento tect?nico (01) observado nos litotipos de idade Cariris Velhos apresenta cinem?tica contracional com transporte para NW. Uma data??o do Neoproteroz?ico III, obtida em granit?ide tardi-D1, permite atribuir uma idade do in?cio do brasiliano para este eventodeformacional. O segundo evento (D2) caracterizado na regi?o corresponde ? tect?nica transcorrente Brasiliana, a qual ? materializada por marcantes zonas de cisalhamento e corpos gran?ticos associados. Os dados geocronol?gicos obtidos (U-Pb em zirc?o) confirmaram a presen?a do magmatismo Cariris Velhos no ?mbito do TAP, bem como a idade Neoproteroz?ica III para o Grupo Cachoeinha (TPAB) e para o evento tect?nico D1. O TAP (Complexo Riacho Gravat?, augen gnaisses e ortognaisses) deve constituir um arco continental (provavelmente acrescido a um microcontinente) formado durante o evento Cariris Velhos (Esteniano-Toniano). Este terreno colidiu com o TPAB no inicio da orog?nese brasiliana (deforma??o tangencial D1), sendo ambos os blocos afetados por retrabalhamento/cisalhamentos transcorrentes (evento D2) at? o final do Ciclo Brasiliano
Ferreño, Blanco Diego. "Integridad estructural de vasijas nucleares en base a la curva patrón obtenida mediante probetas reconstruidas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10603.
Full textIn this thesis, the steel, virgin and irradiated, from the vessel of a Spanish Nuclear Plant currently operating, has been characterized in the range of temperatures known as Ductile to Brittle Transition Region. For this purpose, Fracture Mechanics specimens, reconstituted from halves of impact specimens previously broken, have been tested. To describe fracture toughness in the Transition Region, the Master Curve method has been used.Eventually, the influence of the characterization procedure together with the Master Curve method on the Structural Integrity of the vessel has been analyzed, comparing their predictions with those coming from applying conventional procedures proposed by the current regulations, represented by the ASME Code. In this comparison, the FITNET Structural Integrity procedure has been used.
Senterre, Bruno. "Recherches méthodologiques pour la typologie de la végétation et la phytogéographie des forêts denses d'Afrique tropicale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210954.
Full textII. Field data consisted in phytosociological homogeneous sample plots localized within different recognized phytogeographical entities, in a region of tropical Africa where these entities are known to be well conserved. A total of 37 such plots were inventoried in the region extending from the littoral forests of Ndoté, Equatorial Guinea, which are wet evergreen forests, to the continental forests of the Dja, Cameroon, known as evergreen seasonal forests. The studied region also included the oriental Atlantic forests of Equatorial Guinea, known as moist evergreen forests or caesalp forests. In various parts of this continentality gradient, some plots were localized within climax non-zonal formations, namely the submontane rain forests. The emphasis was put on the vegetation of the Monte Alén National Park.
The sampling methodology was willing to be as "complete ", including all strata, "quantitative ", enumerating all individuals, and "representative ", within each stratum, as possible. These multi-layers plots were realised using nested sub-plots, with a sampling size of 100 individuals for every ligneous stratum recognized (dominant trees, dominated trees and shrubs) and a sampling size of 200m² for the herbaceous and suffrutex stratum.
Forest types were defined independently for each stratum and the differences were analysed. A method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of all floristic data, converting and standardizing the values from ligneous strata, on the one hand, and from understorey strata, on the other hand.
III. Ten forest types were described using IndVal and discussed in the general context of the guineo-congolian region, from a syntaxonomic view point (agglomerative classification) and from a phytogeographical view point (divisive classification). Homologies between these two approaches are described. The proposed phytogeographical system is based on an "open " conception of hierarchical classifications, combining advantages of agglomerative and divisive classifications. In concrete terms, the non-zonal criteria, for example the submontane variants, are categorised separately and in analogy with the zonal criteria, related to the usual phytochoria.
Analysis of ecological relationships for the 10 communities showed that the main variables related to the floristic variability in our mainland rain forests are elevation, rainfall, hygrometry (estimated using bryophytes cover levels) and distance to the ocean. The two extremes on the vertical microclimatic gradient, dominant trees stratum and herbaceous stratum, give similar typologies, however canonical analysis showed that for the herbaceous layer, non-zonal variables (hygrometry and elevation) were gaining more importance when the influence of the two zonal variables was attenuated. In every case, spatial autocorrelation was less important than the environment in explaining floristic variability but its role increased in the spatial arrangement of understorey species, whose dispersal capacity is generally lower than canopy trees. The phytosociological, phytogeographical and ecological description of forest types is accompanied by a physiognomical description using biological types spectrum, as well as architectural models, leaf sizes, etc.
With regard to diversity, we have demonstrated that species richness was higher from upper to lower strata because of the accumulation in lower strata of species from various strata. On the other hand, the proper stratum diversity, i.e. the structural set, decreased from dominant trees to shrubs. The proper diversity of the herb layer showed relatively high figures mainly due to the higher individual density in relation to the existence of microstrata. Within the 37 sample plots, 1,050 taxa have been identified to species or morpho-species levels, for a total of 25,750 individuals. These taxa represent 442 genus among 104 families. The richest forest type is found on the foothills of the Niefang range, on the windward side. This forest type is also characterised by a high number of oligotypic genus and by species belonging to functional types indicators of glacial refuges. These functional types are defined on the basis of the dispersal capacity and on kind of stand needed for effective germination. We formulated the hypothesis that this kind of "foothills refuge ", characterised by his zonal nature, could have been one of the rare refuges for species from mainland rain forests, while montane and fluvial refuges would mainly have preserved species from non-zonal forest types: (sub)montane and riverine.
Based on indicator species of submontane forests, a potential distribution map of this forest type has been realised at the Atlantic central African scale. More than 400 submontane forest localities have been mapped. These forests begin at 400m of altitude near the ocean, and progressively at higher altitude for increasing distance to the ocean. Many lowland localities also comprised submontane species, which could indicate the existence of ecological transgressions. These transgressions would allow migratory tracks for submontane species between isolated mountain ranges, not only during glacial periods, through heights at the northern and southern borders of the congo basin, but also contemporarily through the lowland riverine forest network, in the centre of this basin. Finally, a special attention has been attributed to littoral forests and to some cases of choroecological transgressions, coupled to the ecological equalization phenomenon.
Doctorat en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Chapman, Jamie. "The marsupial zona pellucida : its structure and glycoconjugate content / Jamie Chapman." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22006.
Full text300 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
This thesis investigated the structure and glycoconjugate composition of the zona pellucida (ZP) surrounding marsupial oocytes and the changes that occur during ovarian development, following ovulation, and following cortical granule exocytosis. The glycoconjugates of the oviduct epithelial lining of the brushtail possum around the time of ovulation were also examined to determine if there was any contribution of the oviductal secretions to the post-ovulatory ZP.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, 2003?
Cheng, Wu-Shiung, and 鄭武雄. "Optical Design and Development for the Ringed Zonal V-cut Structure of the Light Guide Plate." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33138343474901883517.
Full text國立中興大學
精密工程學系所
96
Most of the small and middle sizes of BLM (backlight module) are using edge-emitting way and it consists of a guide light plate and several pieces of optical films. Other films are utilized to make the luminance and uniformity of the front view angle higher and better. By analyzing the simulation results, we find this new type of light guide plate structure can use less optical films and still has good performance. We also show that this structure can be fabricated and it is believed this technology should be important to the development of thin light guide plate.