Journal articles: 'Zn partitioning'

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Sansalone, John J., and Donald W. Glenn. "Temporal Variations in Heavy Metal Partitioning and Loading in Urban Highway Pavement Sheet Flow: Implications for In Situ Treatment Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, no. 1 (January 2000): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-12.

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In situ treatment design for pavement storm water runoff continues to pose unique challenges because of the unsteady nature of processes such as rainfall runoff, mobilization, partitioning, and delivery of heavy metals. Storm water from pavements and roadways transports dissolved, colloidal, and suspended solids in a heterogeneous mixture, and along with pH, alkalinity, traffic levels, and residence time, influences the partitioning of heavy metals. For effective in situ treatment design, an understanding of heavy metal partitioning and temporal wash-off during a rainfall runoff event is a prerequisite. This study investigates zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) partitioning, cumulative loadings, and wash-off in storm water pavement sheet flow from a heavily traveled urban interstate pavement site. Results are presented for a series of eight rainfall runoff events at the instrumented site. Results from partitioning analysis (heavy metal mass transfer) between the dissolved and particulate-bound fractions indicate that Zn, Cd, and Cu masses are predominately dissolved in pavement sheet flow, qsf. Although a relatively insoluble heavy metal, Pb mass was also mostly dissolved. These high dissolved fractions can be attributed to low urban rainfall pH levels, relatively short pavement residence times for the qsf, and low pavement runoff alkalinity. Plots of cumulative heavy metal mass as a function of elapsed runoff time clearly demonstrate that during all events the qsf dissolved fractions dominated the particulate fractions for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb. As far as delivery, results also indicate that the dissolved masses for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb generally exhibited a “first flush” compared with their particulate masses. The design of in situ treatment systems or source control best management practices loaded by qsf require data on partitioning and loading for effective treatment.

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Bettoni, Marcelle Michelotti, Átila Francisco Mógor, Volnei Pauletti, Vitor Cezar Pacheco da Silva, and Renata Koyama. "Export and nutrient partitioning in organic onion." Revista Ceres 63, no. 5 (October 2016): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663050013.

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ABSTRACT Early season onion crops, despite lower yield, is an opportunity for farmers to explore market and better prices in southern Brazil. Knowing the amount absorbed and the distribution of nutrients in the plant is essential for adequate management of fertilization. However, little information on this matter is available for onion, especially for organic farming and nontraditional periods in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient absorption and partitioning in open-pollinated onion cultivars grown in organic system. The experiment was conducted in the Canguiri-UFPR experimental organic farm, Curitiba-PR, with sowing in January. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Cultivars Franciscana IPA-10 (purple), Vale Ouro IPA-11 and Brisa IPA-12 (from Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA), Alfa Tropical (from Embrapa Hortaliças), Alfa São Francisco (VIII cycle) and Alfa São Francisco-RT (thrips resistant- genotype under test; from Embrapa Semi-árido), and BR-29 (Topseed-Agristar) were selected for the study. Chemical analyses were performed for shoot and bulbs collected at harvest. The production potential of cultivars varied, and the most productive ones were the most efficient in converting the nutrients absorbed in bulb yield. The order of nutrient contents in the shoots was K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn = B > Cu, whereas in the bulbs it was K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > B > Zn > Cu > Mn. Nutrients were required in the following order of amount K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Mn > Cu, per ton of fresh bulbs, and accumulated in greater quantity in the shoot, except Zn, which had higher concentration in the bulb.

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Guo, T., J. Sansalone, and P. Piro. "The role of in situ unit operation/process infiltration treatment on partitioning and speciation of rainfall-runoff." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2006): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.589.

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Management decisions regarding the potential fate and toxicity of anthropogenic metal elements requires a knowledge of metal partitioning and speciation as mediated by in situ control systems (ICS). This study focussed on Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb, common anthropogenic metal elements generated in the built environment and examined the influence of variable event-based hydrology and passive ICS by an engineered partial exfiltration reactor (PER) system on partitioning and speciation. The feasibility and efficiency of the PER as an in situ stormwater runoff control strategy to attenuate levels of metal elements was evaluated. Results indicate that higher rainfall intensity resulted in higher dissolved fraction (fd) values for influent Zn, Cu and Cd, but did not have a significant influence on partitioning of Pb. Speciation indicated that divalent fractions of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were changed marginally by the PER. Cu and Pb mainly complexed with organic matter in the influent, while carbonate complexes of these metals in the effluent significantly increased. The PER consistently and statistically reduced all loadings of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for all examined events, whether on a mass or concentration basis. As an unsaturated flow unit operation/process the PER can efficiently remove ionic or complexed forms of metal elements. Such UOPs are a potential quality and quantity ICS strategy for rainfall-runoff.

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Riseman, Andrew, Richard Craig, and Jonathan P. Lynch. "Zinc Uptake and Shoot Partitioning Between Zinc Efficient and Inefficient Exacum Genotypes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 5 (September 2005): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.5.674.

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Interspecific hybrids of exacum (Exacum L.) display variable responses to zinc nutrition. Our research compared two genotypes with contrasting zinc efficiency phenotypes in terms of root cation exchange capacity (CEC), whole plant 65Zn uptake, and the effects of Cu+2 and Mg+2 on 65Zn uptake and partitioning to shoot tissues. Results show that the zinc efficient and inefficient genotypes had significantly different root CEC [27.2 and 16.9 cmol(+)·kg-1 root dry weight (DW), respectively] and whole plant 65Zn uptake rates (0.048 and 0.026 μmol·h-1·g-1 DW, respectively). In equimolar concentrations to Zn+2, Cu+2 reduced Zn+2 uptake by approximately 50% in both genotypes while supplemental Mg+2 enhanced Zn+2 uptake. In addition, Mg+2 facilitated a larger proportion of absorbed 65Zn to the upper shoot of the efficient genotype. We conclude zinc is absorbed through a specific Zn+2/Cu+2 transporter and that zinc efficiency in exacum is based on a combination of apoplastic and symplastic traits. In addition, a secondary Mg+2 × Zn+2 interaction may contribute to the zinc efficiency phenotype.

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Campbell, Peter G. C., André Tessier, Marc Bisson, and René Bougie. "Accumulation of Copper and Zinc in the Yellow Water Lily, Nuphar variegatum: Relationships to Metal Partitioning in the Adjacent Lake Sediments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-003.

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Relationships between the partitioning of Cu and Zn in lake sediments and their availability to the yellow water lily, Nuphar variegatum, were examined downstream from a major Cu/Zn mining and smelting complex in Northwestern Quebec, Canada. At each of 13 sampling sites, five N. variegatum individuals were collected, separated into stem and rhizome portions, and analyzed for total Cu and Zn. At the same sites, sediment cores were collected at the base of each plant; the 0- to 2-cm stratum was extruded, wet sieved (850 μm), and subjected to a sequential leaching procedure to determine the partitioning of Cu and Zn among various operationally defined geochemical fractions. Statistical analysis suggested that a significant portion of the Cu burden in N. variegatum was probably derived from the sediments, whereas the Zn content of the plant originated largely in the water column. The concentrations of Cu in the fractions most readily extracted from the sediment were the best indicators of Cu bioavailability in the sediment; normalization of these concentrations with respect to the Fe content of the sediment improved the relationship with [Curhizome], suggesting that Fe may play a protective role in regulating Cu bioavailability.

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Krantzberg, G., and P. M. Stokes. "Benthic Macroinvertebrates Modify Copper and Zinc Partitioning in Freshwater–Sediment Microcosms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-184.

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The effects of bioturbation on metal dynamics in freshwater–sediment systems were examined. In general, benthic macroinvertebrates caused significant changes in Cu and Zn partitioning among physicochemical forms in the sediment. The proportion of cation-exchangeable and specifically adsorbed Cu observed in Chub Lake (Muskoka–Haliburton) microcosms colonized by chironomids and chaoborids was greater than that for uncolonized sediment. The same relationship held for Cu in Lohi Lake (Sudbury) microcosms supporting a similar benthic community and for Cu and Zn in Port Credit (Lake Ontario) sediments inhabited by tubificids. The ability of tubificid worms to increase sediment Eh was recorded and related to Cu and Zn dynamics. We conclude that macroinvertebrate communities have the potential to increase metal concentrations in the water column, particularly during short episodes of high burrowing activity, and that in situ studies are warranted to verify this potentiality.

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Feng, Su Ping, Xiao Lin Du, Yong Li Liu, Nan Nan Zhang, and Hai Lin. "Chemical Fractionation and Bioavailability of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in Sewage-Irrigated Soils from Xiaoqing River, Zhangqiu Area, China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.891.

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The total contents and chemical phase partitioning of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb from long-time sewage- irrigated soil were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the contents of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb did not exceed the the second-level limit of Standard of Soil Environment (GB15618-1995), but the average content of Cd was 1.81 mg•kg-1, which was about three times more than the national standard. The chemical partitioning of metals analysis showed that Cd was present dominantly in the acetic acid extractable fraction with the average percentage of 37.44%, while the other four elements mostly in residual fraction, which indicated that Cd had the highest bioavailability, mobility and phyto-toxicity. Compared to the well-irrigated soils, the percentages of acetic acid extractable fractions of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu were obviously higher in the contaminated soils, which increased the potential danger of heavy metals pollution.

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Brydie, J. R., and D. A. Polya. "Metal dispersion in sediments and waters of the River Conwy draining the Llanrwst Mining Field, North Wales." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 2 (April 2003): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036720100.

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The dispersion and sediment-water partitioning of Pb and Zn have been studied in the Conwy River, North Wales. Analysis included major and trace element water chemistry and concentrations of sediment-hosted Pb and Zn. In situ solution pH, Eh, temperature and conductivity were also measured. Sediments were characterized via SEM, XRD, nitric acid leaching and sequential chemical extraction to quantify metal distribution and sediment phase associations. Dissolved and sediment-bound Pb and Zn within river and estuary waters and sediments have been used to calculate whole sediment- and phase-specific apparent partition coefficients.Weathering of galena and sphalerite, associated with the Llanrwst Mining Field, provide point sources of elevated dissolved and sedimentary Pb and Zn in the upper catchment. Dissolved Pb is actively adsorbed onto sedimentary surface coatings of Fe-Mn (hydr)oxides and organics whilst Fe-Mn (hydr)oxides, organics and carbonates were the main hosts for Zn. Systematic changes in metal sorption are evident between the estuary and the upper catchment, with organic matter becoming progressively more important upstream. This change is ascribed to the sorptive properties of sedimentary organic material. Solution pH, [Cl] and aqueous metal speciation are the dominant solution controls on metal partitioning. Laboratory sorption experiments parallel Pb sorption behaviour in the natural system.

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Mossa, Abdul-Wahab, Dawd Gashu, Martin R. Broadley, Sarah J. Dunham, Steve P. McGrath, Elizabeth H. Bailey, and Scott D. Young. "The effect of soil properties on zinc lability and solubility in soils of Ethiopia – an isotopic dilution study." SOIL 7, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-255-2021.

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Abstract. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread nutritional problem in human populations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The Zn concentration of crops consumed depends in part on the Zn status of the soil. Improved understanding of factors controlling the phyto-availability of Zn in soils can contribute to potential agronomic interventions to tackle Zn deficiency, but many soil types in SSA are poorly studied. Soil samples (n=475) were collected from a large part of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, where there is widespread Zn deficiency. Zinc status was quantified by measuring several fractions, including the pseudo-total (aqua regia digestion; ZnTot), available (DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetate) extractable; ZnDTPA), soluble (dissolved in 0.01 M Ca(NO3); ZnSoln) and isotopically exchangeable Zn, using the enriched stable Zn isotope 70Zn (ZnE). Soil geochemical properties were assessed for their influence on Zn lability and solubility. A parameterized geochemical assemblage model (Windermere Humic Aqueous Model – WHAM) was also employed to predict the solid phase fractionation of Zn in tropical soils rather than using sequential chemical extractions. ZnTot ranged from 14.1 to 291 mg kg−1 (median = 100 mg kg−1), whereas ZnDTPA in the majority of soil samples was less than 0.5 mg kg−1, indicating widespread phyto-available Zn deficiency in these soils. The labile fraction of Zn in soil (ZnE as % ZnTot) was low, with median and mean values of 4.7 % and 8.0 %, respectively. Labile Zn partitioning between the solid and the solution phases of soil was highly pH dependent, where 94 % of the variation in the partitioning coefficient of 70Zn was explained by soil pH. Similarly, 86 % of the variation in ZnSoln was explained by soil pH. Zinc distribution between adsorbed ZnE and ZnSoln was controlled by pH. Notably, Zn isotopic exchangeability increased with soil pH. This contrasts with literature on contaminated and urban soils and may arise from covarying factors, such as contrasting soil clay mineralogy across the pH range of the soils used in the current study. These results could be used to improve agronomic interventions to tackle Zn deficiency in SSA.

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Mufalo, Walubita, Pawit Tangviroon, Toshifumi Igarashi, Mayumi Ito, Tsutomu Sato, Meki Chirwa, Imasiku Nyambe, Hokuto Nakata, Shouta Nakayama, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Solid-Phase Partitioning and Leaching Behavior of Pb and Zn from Playground Soils in Kabwe, Zambia." Toxics 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100248.

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Zambia’s Kabwe mine wastes (KMWs) are responsible for contaminating the surrounding soil and dust in the Kabwe district. Unfortunately, these wastes arise from the historical mining activities of lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn), which lacked adequate waste management strategies. As a result, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Pb and Zn) spread across the Kabwe district. To assess the soil pollution derived from previous mining activities, we studied topsoil samples (n = 8) from the school playground soils (SPs). In this study, the degree of contamination, geochemical partitioning, and leachability, coupled with the release and retention of Pb and Zn, were studied. The SPs were classified as extremely enriched (EF > 40) and contaminated with Pb (Igeo > 5). On average, Pb (up to 89%) and Zn (up to 69%) were bound with exchangeable, weak acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable phases, which are considered as ’geochemically mobile’ phases in the environment. The leachates from the soils (n = 5) exceeded the Zambian standard (ZS: 190:2010) for Pb in potable drinking water (Pb < 0.01 mg/L). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of Pb and Zn showed a significant reduction in contents of Pb and Zn with the distance from the mine area.

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Biswas, Ranjit Kumar, and Muhammad Saidur Rahman. "Kinetics of Partitioning of Zn(II) in Zn(II)/SO42−- BTMPPA/Kerosene and H2SO4- Zn-BTMPPA Complex/BTMPPA/Kerosene Systems." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 31, no. 6 (October 2013): 652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2013.787236.

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Rashid, Md Harunur, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, and Ravi Naidu. "Zinc Biofortification through Basal Zinc Supply Reduces Grain Cadmium in Mung Beans: Metal Partitioning and Health Risks Assessment." Toxics 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10110689.

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Grain zinc (Zn) biofortification with less cadmium (Cd) accumulation is of paramount importance from human health and environmental point of view. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the influence of Zn and Cd on their accumulations in Mung bean tissues (Vigna radiata) in two contrast soil types (Dermosol and Tenosol). The soil types with added Zn and Cd exerted a significant effect on translocation and accumulation of metals in different tissues. The accumulation of Zn and Cd was higher for Tenosol than that for Dermosol. At control, the concentration of Cd followed a pattern, e.g., root > stem > petiole > pod > leaflet > grain for both soils. A basal Zn supply (5 mg kg−1) increased the grain Zn concentration to a significant amount (up to 67%). It also reduced Cd accumulation in tissues, including grains (up to 34%). No non-carcinogenic effect was observed for either the children or the adults as the EDI and PTDI values were below the safety limit; however, the ILCR values exceeded the safety limit, indicating the possibility of some carcinogenic effects. Added Zn helped to reduce the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks on humans.

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Stewart, Zachary P., Ellen T. Paparozzi, Charles S. Wortmann, Prakash Kumar Jha, and Charles A. Shapiro. "Effect of Foliar Micronutrients (B, Mn, Fe, Zn) on Maize Grain Yield, Micronutrient Recovery, Uptake, and Partitioning." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030528.

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Timing of micronutrient demand and acquisition by maize (Zea mays L.) is nutrient specific and associated with key vegetative and reproductive growth stages. The objective of this study was to determine the fate of foliar-applied B, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Fe/Zn together, evaluate the effect of foliar micronutrients applied at multiple rates and growth stages on maize grain yield, and determine their apparent nutrient recovery efficiency (ANR). Five Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 at five locations across Nebraska. Total dry matter was collected at 5–6 stages, and separated into leaves, stalk, and reproductive tissue as appropriate to determine micronutrient uptake, partitioning, and translocation. Foliar B, Mn, Zn, and Fe/Zn had no effect on grain yield for most application time by rate levels, though, at the foliar Mn site, there was a 19% yield increase due to a V18 application of 0.73 kg Mn ha−1 which corresponded with reduced Mn uptake in maize grown in control plots. At the foliar Zn site, there was 4.5% decrease in yield due to a split foliar application of 0.84 kg Zn ha−1 total, applied at V11 and V15 stage, which increased leaf Zn concentrations greater than the established toxic level. Only the Fe site had consistent grain yield response and was the only experiment that had visual signs of micronutrient deficiency. Regardless of application time from V6 to R2, there was a 13.5–14.6% increase in grain yield due to 0.22 kg Fe ha−1 foliar application. Most micronutrients had limited or no translocation, however, early season applications of B, prior to V10, had significant mobilization to reproductive tissues at or after VT. Foliar Mn, Zn, and B application had ANR LSmeans of 9.5, 16.9, and 2.5%, respectively, whereas the Fe/Zn mix had negative ANR LSmeans of −9.1% Fe and −1.3% Zn which indicate suppression. These data highlight the importance of confirming a micronutrient deficiency prior to foliar application, guide specific growth stages to target with specific micronutrients, track the fate of foliar-applied micronutrients, and describe the variable effect of foliar-applied micronutrients on grain yield.

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Simpson, Stuart L., Louisa Rochford, and Gavin F. Birch. "Geochemical influences on metal partitioning in contaminated estuarine sediments." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 1 (2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01058.

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Stormwater runoff has resulted in heavy metal contamination throughout much of the Port Jackson estuary, Sydney, Australia. Metal partitioning was investigated in the benthic estuarine sediments of Iron Cove, an off-channel embayment of Port Jackson. Contamination was greatest near the stormwater canal, where sediments were anoxic and contained high concentrations of sulfide in the porewater. Away from the canal a layer of non-cohesive, sub-oxic surficial sediment containing high dissolved iron was found overlaying a more cohesive substratum. At all sites, porewater Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were <2.5 g L–1, and negligible metal release was observed upon sediment resuspension. According to water quality guidelines, the ecological risk posed by dissolved metals from the Iron Cove sediments is low. Estimated fluxes of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from the sediments were calculated to be <0.2 mol m–2 day–1. The rapid oxidation then hydrolysis of iron(II) in porewaters caused a drop in pH and the formation of iron hydroxide precipitate. These processes may affect dissolved metal concentrations; hence, oxidation of samples must be avoided during sampling and extraction procedures. Sediment-bound zinc was the metal most easily mobilized.

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Sack, Richard O., and Denton S. Ebel. "As-Sb Exchange Energies in Tetrahedrite-Tennantite Fahlores and Bournonite-Seligmannite Solid Solutions." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 389 (December 1993): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.389.07.

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AbstractReversed brackets on As and Sb partitioning between tetrahedrite-tennantite fahlores {∼CU10(Fe,Zn)2(Sb,As)4S13} and bournonite-seligmannite solid solutions {CuPb(Sb,As)S3} (400°C evacuated silica tubes, NH4Cl flux) indicate that the maximum nonidealities associated with the As-Sb substitution are about 165 (bournonite) and 250 (fahlore) cal/gfw on a per atom exchange basis. The experimental constraints are consistent with the following calibration of the As-Sb exchange reaction between these phases:wherekcal/gfw, X2= Zn/(Zn + Fe) (or one-half the number of Zn atoms/formula unit) and X3= As/(As + Sb) refer to atomic ratios in fahlore, and ΔG°23= ΔH°23= 2.59 ± 0.14 kcal/gfw (Raabe and Sack, 1984; Sack and Loucks, 1975; O'Leary and Sack, 1987; Sack, 1992).

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TODA, Hiroyuki, Kazuyuki SHIMIZU, Gao HongYe, Hiro Fujihara, Kentaro UESUGI, and Akihisa TAKEUCHI. "Hydrogen partitioning behavior and hydrogen embrittlement in Al-Zn-Mg alloys." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2016 (2016): OS15–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2016.os15-02.

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Khayati, Gholam, and Omid Mohamadian. "Effective Extraction of Zn(II) Ions Using Aqueous Two-Phase Partitioning." Chemical Engineering Communications 203, no. 2 (December 13, 2014): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2014.990633.

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Liu, Juan, Jin Wang, Yongheng Chen, Xiaofan Xie, Jianying Qi, Holger Lippold, Dinggui Luo, et al. "Thallium transformation and partitioning during Pb–Zn smelting and environmental implications." Environmental Pollution 212 (May 2016): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.046.

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Ghasal, Prakash Chand, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Vijay Pooniya, Mukesh Choudhary, and Rakesh Kumar Verma. "Zinc partitioning in basmati rice varieties as influenced by Zn fertilization." Crop Journal 6, no. 2 (April 2018): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2017.09.001.

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Dawson, J. J. C., C. D. Campbell, W. Towers, C. M. Cameron, and G. I. Paton. "Linking biosensor responses to Cd, Cu and Zn partitioning in soils." Environmental Pollution 142, no. 3 (August 2006): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.029.

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Sinclair, Scott A., Toralf Senger, Ina N. Talke, Christopher S. Cobbett, Michael J. Haydon, and Ute Krämer. "Systemic Upregulation of MTP2- and HMA2-Mediated Zn Partitioning to the Shoot Supplements Local Zn Deficiency Responses." Plant Cell 30, no. 10 (August 27, 2018): 2463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.18.00207.

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Sung, Windsor. "Some Observations on Surface Partitioning of Cd, Cu, and Zn in Estuaries." Environmental Science & Technology 29, no. 5 (May 1995): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00005a024.

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Shimizu, Kazuyuki, Hiroyuki Toda, Hiro Fujihara, Kyosuke Hirayama, Kentaro Uesugi, and Akihisa Takeuchi. "Hydrogen partitioning behavior and related hydrogen embrittlement in Al-Zn-Mg alloys." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 216 (July 2019): 106503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106503.

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Burachevskaya, Marina, Tatiana Minkina, Saglara Mandzhieva, Tatiana Bauer, Victor Chaplygin, Svetlana Sushkova, Victoria Tsitsuashvili, and Yana Popileshko. "Chemical partitioning of Zn in soil: application of two sequential extraction procedures." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 19, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem2017-079.

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TerBush, Jessica R., Nicole Stanford, Jian-Feng Nie, and Matthew R. Barnett. "Na Partitioning During Thermomechanical Processing of an Mg-Sn-Zn-Na Alloy." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44, no. 11 (July 23, 2013): 5216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1872-y.

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Wang, Wei, Guangda Ding, Philip J. White, Meng Wang, Jun Zou, Fangsen Xu, John P. Hammond, and Lei Shi. "Genetic dissection of the shoot and root ionomes of Brassica napus grown with contrasting phosphate supplies." Annals of Botany 126, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa055.

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Abstract Background and Aims Mineral elements have many essential and beneficial functions in plants. Phosphorus (P) deficiency can result in changes in the ionomes of plant organs. The aims of this study were to characterize the effects of P supply on the ionomes of shoots and roots, and to identify chromosomal quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for shoot and root ionomic traits, as well as those affecting the partitioning of mineral elements between shoot and root in Brassica napus grown with contrasting P supplies. Methods Shoot and root concentrations of 11 mineral elements (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S and Zn) were investigated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in a Brassica napus double haploid population grown at an optimal (OP) and a low phosphorus supply (LP) in an agar system. Shoot, root and plant contents, and the partitioning of mineral elements between shoot and root were calculated. Key Results The tissue concentrations of B, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn were reduced by P starvation, while the concentration of Fe was increased by P starvation in the BnaTNDH population. A total of 133 and 123 QTLs for shoot and root ionomic traits were identified at OP and LP, respectively. A major QTL cluster on chromosome C07 had a significant effect on shoot Mg and S concentrations at LP and was narrowed down to a 2.1 Mb region using an advanced backcross population. Conclusions The tissue concentration and partitioning of each mineral element was affected differently by P starvation. There was a significant difference in mineral element composition between shoots and roots. Identification of the genes underlying these QTLs will enhance our understanding of processes affecting the uptake and partitioning of mineral elements in Brassica napus.

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Strbac, Snezana, Milica Kasanin-Grubin, Gordana Gajica, Jelena Mutic, and Nebojsa Vasic. "Sequential extraction studies on the river Tisa sediments for the assessment of the metal pollution." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 139 (2020): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2039089s.

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The sequential extraction procedure was applied for partitioning of metals in river sediments collected along the course of the river Tisa (Serbia). Eight elements (Sb, Sn, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) from twenty-one sampling site were analyzed using the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure in combination with ICP-OES. The results of sequential extraction, statistical analyses and calculation of EF and lithogenic and anthro?pogenic ratio of metals are similar. In the river Tisa sediments Sn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn are of anthropogenic origin, while As, Cu and Sb are of lithogenic and anthropogenic origin. The sediments from the river Tisa show high risk for Cd, medium risk for Hg and Zn, low risk for Sn, As, Cu and Pb, whereas Sb does not show the risk for the aquatic environment.

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Sack, R. O., S. M. Kuehner, and L. S. Hardy. "Retrograde Ag-enrichment in fahlores from the Coeur d'Alene mining district, Idaho, USA." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 1 (February 2002): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026610024.

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AbstractTetrahedrite fahlores from the Coeur d'Alene mining district (Idaho) have been found to be enriched in Ag by the Ag–Cu exchange reactionwhich occurred during cooling following galena mineralization. This solid–state reaction resulted in quantitative removal of Ag (in a AgSbS2component) from galena and development of bournonite coronas on fahlore grains. The reaction produced a distinct population of high-Ag fahlores found in galena-rich samples and accounts for all of the bournonite mineralization. The most argentian of these high-Ag fahlores examined in this study (molar Ag/(Ag+Cu) = 0.303±0.011 and 0.336±0.011) are found in samples which achieved saturation with respect to other Ag-sulfosalts, namely pyrargyrite and polybasite and diaphorite, respectively. Multiple lines of evidence for the Ag-Cu exchange reaction are presented in this paper which applies mass-balance constraints and a thermodynamic database for sulfides/sulfosalts to microprobe analyses and textural observations, and to bulk production data. This solid-state reaction may explain why previous district studies have been unable to demonstrate convincingly primary fahlore zoning. Based on the Ag/(Ag+Cu) of fahlores coexisting with other Agsulfosalts and Fe-Zn partitioning between fahlore and sphalerite, we estimate that fahlore compositions were frozen in by 175°C. Examining the composition data for other Ag tetrahedrite fahlores found in the Coeur d'Alene district and elsewhere, we conclude that the thermodynamic database provides an accurate description of phase equilibria, except possibly for very Fe-rich systems where further studies of the Fe-Zn partitioning between fahlore and Fe-rich (Zn,Fe)S phases and of the thermodynamics of Fe-rich (Zn,Fe)S phases are warranted.

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Uchida, Etsuo, Motoki Murasugi, and Shuichi Okuda. "Simultaneous Partitioning of Divalent Metal Ions between Alabandite and 1 mol/L (Ni, Mg, Co, Zn, Fe)Cl2 Aqueous Solutions under Supercritical Conditions." Minerals 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080696.

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To clarify the element partitioning behavior between minerals and aqueous chloride solutions, we conducted experiments to investigate simultaneous partitioning of Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ ions between alabandite (MnS) and 1 mol/L (Ni, Mg, Co, Zn, Fe)Cl2 aqueous solutions at 500–800 °C and 100 MPa. The bulk partition coefficients calculated using the following equation were in the order of Fe2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ ≈ Zn2+ > Mn2+ >> Mg2+; KPN = (xMeS/mMeaq)/(xMnS/mMnaq). A partition coefficient-ionic radius (PC-IR) curve was plotted with the logarithmic value of the partition coefficient on the y-axis and the ionic radius at the six-fold coordinated site on the x-axis. The peak of this curve was located near the ionic radius of Fe2+ and not near the ionic radius of Mn2+. Zn2+ showed a slight negative partitioning anomaly, which increased in the order of sulfide minerals < arsenic sulfide minerals < arsenide minerals as the covalent bond became stronger. Ni2+ showed a positive partitioning anomaly, which indicated that it preferred an octahedral structure. The width of the PC-IR curve decreased in the order of sulfide minerals > arsenic sulfide minerals > arsenide minerals as the covalent bond became stronger, that is, the ion selectivity became stronger.

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Kuzyura, A. V., F. Wall, T. Jeffries, and Yu A. Litvin. "Partitioning of trace elements between garnet, clinopyroxene and diamond-forming carbonate-silicate melt at 7 GPa." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 2 (April 2010): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.227.

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AbstractConcentrations of trace elements in coexisting garnet, clinopyroxene and completely miscible carbonate-silicate melt (formed at 7 GPa from the Chagatai silicocarbonatite rock known to be diamondiferous) were determined using LA-ICP-MS. The partition coefficients for Li, Rb, Cs, Ba, Th, U, Ta, Nb, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Sr, Nd, Zr, Hf, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc and Zn were determined. The new experimental data for trace-element partitioning between garnet, clinopyroxene and carbonate-silicate melt have been compared with published data for partitioning between garnet, clinopyroxene and carbonatite melt, and garnet, clinopyroxene and silicate melt. The results show that the trace-element partitioning is not significantly altered by changes in melt composition, with HREE always concentrated in the garnet. Carbonate-silicate melt, as a diamond-forming medium, and carbonatite or silicate melt equilibrated with mantle silicate minerals, behave similarly in respect of trace-element distribution.

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Fonseca, Estefan M., José A. Baptista Neto, Marcos A. Fernandez, John Mcalister, and Bernard Smith. "Geochemical behavior of heavy metals in differents environments in Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon - RJ/Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 2 (June 2011): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011000200008.

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The accelerated urbanisation without a planning, brought several environmental problems to Rio de Janeiro coastal zone, especially in areas such as Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon, which receives a great amount of untreated sewage every day. To assess the nature, potentially sources and extent of heavy metal pollution in the lagoon, sediments from the surrounding streets, from the entrance of the main canal that drains to the lagoon and from the bottom of the lagoon were collected and analysed by a modified selective extraction procedure in order to study the geochemical partitioning and bioavailability of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb in these three compartments. The present study verified an increase in the Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the north of the Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon. Despite the different levels of oxidation between the sediments accumulated in the streets and in the bottom of the lagoon, the geochemical partitioning of the heavy metals did not show any pattern of variation for the metals, except for the element Cu. No concentrations were found in the soluble phase of samples collected in the surfacial sediments of the lagoon, suggesting no bioavailability of heavy metals

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Yang, Songyi, Sun-Kyung Jung, and Byeong-Gweon Lee. "Accumulation and subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in the Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)." Korean Journal of Malacology 33, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9710/kjm.2017.33.4.233.

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Pitchay, Dharmalingam S., Jonathan M. Frantz, and James C. Locke. "(348) Geranium Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms, Partitioning, and Bioenergetic Costs of Construction." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1060D—1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1060d.

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Geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum) is considered to be one of the top-selling floriculture plants, and is highly responsive to increased macro- and micronutrient bioavailability. In spite of its economic importance, there are few nutrient disorder symptoms reported for this species. The lack of nutritional information contributes to suboptimal geranium production quality. Understanding the bioenergetic construction costs during nutrient deficiency can provide insight into the significance of that element predisposing plants to other stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of nutrient deficiency on plant growth. Pelargonium plants were grown hydroponically in a glass greenhouse. The treatment consisted of a complete modified Hoagland's millimolar concentrations of macronutrients (15 NO3-N, 1.0 PO4-P, 6.0 K, 5.0 Ca, 2.0 Mg, and 2.0 SO4-S) and micromolar concentrations of micronutrients (72 Fe, 9.0 Mn, 1.5 Cu, 1.5 Zn, 45.0 B, and 0.1 Mo) and 10 additional solutions each devoid of one essential nutrient (N, P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, or B). The plants were photographed and divided into young, maturing, and old leaves, the respective petioles, young and old stems, flowers, buds, and roots at “hidden hunger,” incipient, mid- and advanced-stages of nutrient stress. Unique visual deficiency symptoms of interveinal red pigmentation were noted on the matured leaves of P- and Mg-deficient plants, while N-deficient plants developed chlorotic leaf margins. Tissue N concentration greatly influenced bioenergetic construction costs, probably due to differences in protein content. This information will provide an additional tool in producing premium geraniums for the greenhouse industry.

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Đurić, Marija, Primož Oprčkal, Vesna Zalar Serjun, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, Janez Ščančar, Radmila Milačič, and Ana Mladenovič. "Environmental Impacts and Immobilization Mechanisms of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Geotechnical Composites Made from Contaminated Soil and Paper-Ash." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 11822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411822.

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Paper-ash is used for remediation of heavily contaminated soils with metals, but remediation efficiency after longer periods has not been reported. To gain insights into the mechanisms of immobilization of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and znic (Zn), a study was performed in the laboratory experiment in uncontaminated, artificially contaminated, and remediated soils, and these soils treated with sulfate, to mimic conditions in contaminated soil from zinc smelter site. Remediation was performed by mixing contaminated soil with paper-ash to immobilize Cd, Pb, and Zn in the geotechnical composite. Partitioning of Cd, Pb, and Zn was studied over one year in seven-time intervals applying the sequential extraction procedure and complementary X-ray diffraction analyses. This methodological approach enabled us to follow the redistribution of Cd, Pb, and Zn over time, thus, to studying immobilization mechanisms and assessing the remediation efficiency and stability of newly formed mineral phases. Cd, Pb, and Zn were effectively immobilized by precipitation of insoluble hydroxides after the addition of paper-ash and by the carbonization process in insoluble carbonate minerals. After remediation, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the water-soluble fraction were well below the limiting values for inertness: Cd by 100 times, Pb by 125 times, and Zn by 10 times. Sulfate treatment did not influence the remediation efficiency. Experimental data confirmed the high remediation efficiency and stability of insoluble Cd, Pb, and Zn mineral phases in geotechnical composites.

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35

Wang, Da, Youye Zheng, Ryan Mathur, and Song Wu. "The Fe-Zn Isotopic Characteristics and Fractionation Models: Implications for the Genesis of the Zhaxikang Sb-Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit in Southern Tibet." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2197891.

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The genesis of the Zhaxikang Sb-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit remains controversial. Three different geological environments have been proposed to model mineralization: a hot spring, a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid, and a sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) overprinted by a hot spring. Here, we present the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Fe-Zn isotopic data (microsampled) of four samples from the first pulse of mineralization that show annular textures to constrain ore genesis. The Zn/Cd ratios from the EPMA data of sphalerite range from 296 to 399 and overlap the range of exhalative systems. The δ56Fe values of Mn-Fe carbonate and δ66Zn values of sphalerite gradually decrease from early to late stages in three samples. A combination of the EPMA and isotopic data shows the Fe-Zn contents also have different correlations with δ66Zn values in sphalerite from these samples. Rayleigh distillation models this isotope and concentration data with the cause of fractionation related to vapour-liquid partitioning and mineral precipitation. In order to verify this Rayleigh distillation model, we combine our Fe-Zn isotopic data with those from previous studies to establish 12 Fe-Zn isotopic fractionation models. These fractionation models indicate the δ56Fei and δ66Zni values (initial Fe-Zn isotopic compositions) of the ore-forming system are in the range of -0.5‰ ~−1‰ and -0.28‰ ~0‰, respectively. To conclude, the EPMA data, Fe-Zn isotopic characteristics, and fractionation models support the SEDEX model for the first pulse of mineralization.

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MALLMANN, GUILHERME, RAÚL O. C. FONSECA, and ADOLFO B. SILVA. "An experimental study of the partitioning of trace elements between rutile and silicate melt as a function of oxygen fugacity." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (December 2014): 1609–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420140014.

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Subduction zone or arc magmas are known to display a characteristic depletion of High Field Strength Elements (HFSE) relative to other similarly incompatible elements, which can be attributed to the presence of the accessory mineral rutile (TiO2) in the residual slab. Here we show that the partitioning behavior of vanadium between rutile and silicate melt varies from incompatible (∼0.1) to compatible (∼18) as a function of oxygen fugacity. We also confirm that the HFSE are compatible in rutile, with D(Ta)> D(Nb)>> (D(Hf)>/∼ D(Zr), but that the level of compatibility is strongly dependent on melt composition, with partition coefficients increasing about one order of magnitude with increasing melt polymerization (or decreasing basicity). Our partitioning results also indicate that residual rutile may fractionate U from Th due to the contrasting (over 2 orders of magnitude) partitioning between these two elements. We confirm that, in addition to the HFSE, Cr, Cu, Zn and W are compatible in rutile at all oxygen fugacity conditions.

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Speer, John, Radhakanta Rana, David Matlock, Alexandra Glover, Grant Thomas, and Emmanuel De Moor. "Processing Variants in Medium-Mn Steels." Metals 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2019): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070771.

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This paper highlights some recent efforts to extend the use of medium-Mn steels for applications other than intercritically batch-annealed steels with exceptional ductility (and strengths in the range of about 1000 MPa). These steels are shown to enable a range of promising properties. In hot-stamping application concepts, elevated Mn concentration helps to stabilize austenite and to provide a range of attractive property combinations, and also reduces the processing temperatures and likely eliminates the need for press quenching. The “double soaking” concept also provides a wide range of attractive mechanical property combinations that may be applicable in cold-forming applications, and could be implemented in continuous annealing and/or continuous galvanizing processes where Zn-coating would typically represent an additional austempering step. Quenching and partitioning of steels with elevated Mn concentrations have exhibited very high strengths, with attractive tensile ductility; and medium-Mn steels have been successfully designed for quenching and partitioning using room temperature as the quench temperature, thereby effectively decoupling the quenching and partitioning steps.

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Silwamba, Marthias, Mayumi Ito, Naoki Hiroyoshi, Carlito Baltazar Tabelin, Ryota Hashizume, Tomoki Fukushima, Ilhwan Park, et al. "Alkaline Leaching and Concurrent Cementation of Dissolved Pb and Zn from Zinc Plant Leach Residues." Minerals 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040393.

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Zinc plant leach residues (ZPLRs), particularly those produced using old technologies, have both economic importance as secondary raw materials and have environmental impacts because they contain hazardous heavy metals that pose risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, the extraction and recovery of these metals from ZPLRs has both economic and environmental benefits. In this study, we investigated the removal of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from ZPLRs by alkaline (NaOH) leaching and the concurrent cementation of dissolved Pb and Zn using aluminum (Al) metal powder. The effects of the leaching time, NaOH concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L), and dosage of Al metal powder on the extraction of Pb and Zn were investigated. Pb and Zn removal efficiencies increased with increasing NaOH concentrations and decreasing S/Ls. The Pb and Zn removal efficiencies were 62.2% and 27.1%, respectively, when 2.5 g/50 mL (S/L) of ZPLRs were leached in a 3 M NaOH solution for 30 min. The extraction of Pb and Zn could be attributed to the partitioning of these metals in relatively more mobile phases—water-soluble, exchangeable, and carbonate phases—in ZPLRs. Around 100% of dissolved Pb and less than 2% of dissolved Zn were cemented in leaching pulp when Al metal powder was added. Minerals in the solid residues, particularly iron oxides minerals, were found to suppress the cementation of extracted Zn in leaching pulp, and when they were removed by filtration, Zn was recovered by Al metal powder via cementation.

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Penn, Chad J., James J. Camberato, and Matthew A. Wiethorn. "How Much Phosphorus Uptake Is Required for Achieving Maximum Maize Grain Yield? Part 2: Impact of Phosphorus Uptake on Grain Quality and Partitioning of Nutrients." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010258.

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Previous studies have shown that excess phosphorus (P) uptake by maize can lead to a decreased grain yield. Part one of this study demonstrated that maize experienced luxury consumption of P in three phases of P uptake. The objective of this work was to further explore how P uptake indirectly impacts the uptake of other nutrients and their translocation within the plant to explain the yield penalty associated with luxury P consumption. Three maize hybrids were grown under optimal conditions using sand-culture hydroponics for precise control of the root environment. Plants were grown to maturity with six different P concentrations followed by biomass and nutrient partitioning analysis of various maize parts. All non-P nutrients achieved maximum grain content at P uptake levels that coincided with the maximum grain yield, while the partitioning of K, Mg, Mn, B, N, S, and Fe into other non-grain tissue continued with further P uptake. With luxury P consumption beyond the point corresponding with maximum grain yield, the N, S, Fe, Cu, and Zn grain content significantly decreased along with the grain yield. With luxury P consumption, Cu, Zn, and Fe accumulated in the roots. Grain production with luxury P uptake may have been limited by P-inhibited translocation of Cu, Zn, and Fe from roots to grain. This decrease in translocation did not prevent further non-grain tissue growth since those nutrients were not as limiting as they were for grain. Data suggest that these micronutrients limited protein production, which was evident from the decrease in grain N and S content and concentration that coincided with the decrease in grain yield concomitant with luxury P uptake.

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40

Smagunov, Nikolay, Vladimir Tauson, Sergey Lipko, Dmitriy Babkin, Taisa Pastushkova, Olga Belozerova, and Nikolay Bryansky. "Partitioning and Surficial Segregation of Trace Elements in Iron Oxides in Hydrothermal Fluid Systems." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010057.

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Partitioning experiments were done by hydrothermal synthesis of crystals containing trace elements (TEs) by internal sampling of fluid at the temperature of 450 °C and pressure of 1 kbar. The crystal phases obtained were magnetite, hematite, and Ni-spinel, which were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The solutions from the sampler’s fluid probes were analysed by AAS for TEs included elements of the iron group plus aluminium. The highest co-crystallisation coefficients of TE and Fe between mineral and fluid (DTE/Fe) in magnetite were measured for V, Al, Ni and Cr (in decreasing order of n units in value), a lower value was observed for Co (2 × 10−1), and still lower values for Ti, Zn, and Mn (n × 10−2–10−3). In hematite, DTE/Fe values were highest for Al and V (order of n units in value), while lower values characterised Ti, Cr, and Co (n × 10−1–10−3), and the lowest values were exhibited by Cu, Mn, and Zn (n × 10−5). Copper was confirmed to be the most incompatible with all minerals studied; however, Cu had a high content on crystal surfaces. This surficial segregation contributes to the average TE concentration even when a thin layer of nonautonomous phase (NAP) is enriched in the element of interest. The accumulation of TEs on the surface of crystals increased bulk content 1–2 orders of magnitude above the content of structurally-bound elements even in coarse crystals. The inverse problem—evaluation of TE/Fe ratios in fluids involved in the formation of magnetite-containing deposits—revealed that the most abundant metals in fluids were Fe followed by Mn, Zn, and Cu, which comprised 10 to 30% of the total iron content.

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Smagunov, Nikolay, Vladimir Tauson, Sergey Lipko, Dmitriy Babkin, Taisa Pastushkova, Olga Belozerova, and Nikolay Bryansky. "Partitioning and Surficial Segregation of Trace Elements in Iron Oxides in Hydrothermal Fluid Systems." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010057.

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Partitioning experiments were done by hydrothermal synthesis of crystals containing trace elements (TEs) by internal sampling of fluid at the temperature of 450 °C and pressure of 1 kbar. The crystal phases obtained were magnetite, hematite, and Ni-spinel, which were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The solutions from the sampler’s fluid probes were analysed by AAS for TEs included elements of the iron group plus aluminium. The highest co-crystallisation coefficients of TE and Fe between mineral and fluid (DTE/Fe) in magnetite were measured for V, Al, Ni and Cr (in decreasing order of n units in value), a lower value was observed for Co (2 × 10−1), and still lower values for Ti, Zn, and Mn (n × 10−2–10−3). In hematite, DTE/Fe values were highest for Al and V (order of n units in value), while lower values characterised Ti, Cr, and Co (n × 10−1–10−3), and the lowest values were exhibited by Cu, Mn, and Zn (n × 10−5). Copper was confirmed to be the most incompatible with all minerals studied; however, Cu had a high content on crystal surfaces. This surficial segregation contributes to the average TE concentration even when a thin layer of nonautonomous phase (NAP) is enriched in the element of interest. The accumulation of TEs on the surface of crystals increased bulk content 1–2 orders of magnitude above the content of structurally-bound elements even in coarse crystals. The inverse problem—evaluation of TE/Fe ratios in fluids involved in the formation of magnetite-containing deposits—revealed that the most abundant metals in fluids were Fe followed by Mn, Zn, and Cu, which comprised 10 to 30% of the total iron content.

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42

Law, K. M., J. D. Blundy, B. J. Wood, and K. V. Ragnarsdottir. "Trace element partitioning between wollastonite and silicate-carbonate melt." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 4 (August 2000): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549670.

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AbstractWe have performed an experimental study of the influence of varying size and charge on cation partitioning between wollastonite and silicate-carbonate melt in the system CaCO3-SiO2. The experimental conditions (3 GPa, 1420°C) lie close to the wollastonite II tc/I tc phase boundary. Results for 1+, 2+, 3+ and 4+ partitioning show parabolic dependence of partition coefficients on ionic radius, which can be fitted to the elastic strain model of Blundy and Wood (1994), wherein partitioning is described using three parameters: site radius (r0), site elasticity (apparent Young's Modulus) and the ‘strain-free’ partition coefficient (D0) for an element with radius r0. The apparent Young's Modulus of the Ca site in wollastonite, obtained from modelling the 2+ partitioning data, is 99±3 GPa, similar to the bulk-crystal value for the polymorph wollastonite I tc. r0 decreases with increasing charge on the substituent cation, while D0 also shows an approximately parabolic dependence on charge, with a maximum for 2+ cations. Partition coefficients for divalent cations Zn, Co, Fe, Cd, Mn and Pb are lower than would be predicted from their ionic radii alone, indicating a preference for the melt. This may be a consequence either of cation-carbonate complexation in the melt, or of the more distorted nature of cation co-ordination environments in melts.

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Pongrac, Paula, Ivan Kreft, Katarina Vogel-Mikuš, Marjana Regvar, Mateja Germ, Primož Vavpetič, Nataša Grlj, et al. "Relevance for food sciences of quantitative spatially resolved element profile investigations in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) grain." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 84 (July 6, 2013): 20130296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0296.

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Bulk element concentrations of whole grain and element spatial distributions at the tissue level were investigated in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) grain grown in Zn-enriched soil. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used for bulk analysis, whereas micro-proton-induced X-ray emission was used to resolve the two-dimensional localization of the elements. Soil Zn application did not significantly affect the grain yield, but did significantly increase the grain Ca, Fe and Zn concentrations, and decrease the grain Na, P and Mo concentrations; bulk Mg, S, K, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations remained unchanged. These changes observed in bulk element concentrations are the reflection of tissue-specific variations within the grain, revealing that Zn application to soil can lead to considerable alterations in the element distributions within the grain, which might ultimately influence the quality of the milling fractions. Spatially resolved investigations into the partitioning of the element concentrations identified the tissues with the highest element concentrations, which is of utmost importance for accurate prediction of element losses during the grain milling and polishing processes.

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Zhu, Shang, Zhi Hui Li, Li Zhen Yan, Xi Wu Li, Shu Hui Huang, Hong Wei Yan, Yong An Zhang, and Bai Qing Xiong. "Characterization of Precipitation Evolution in a Zn-Added Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy during Artificial Aging at 170 °C." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.961.

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A Zn-added Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy during aging at 170 °C up to 34 h exhibits an interesting age-hardening effect. Small clusters, enriched in Mg and Si, are present in the sample after 0.25 h aging. The β′′ phase is dominant with the peak hardness of 135 HV after aging of 8 h. A decrease in hardness of the alloy occurs with the aging time increasing to 34 h, due to the coarsening of β′′ phase. It is also found that the Cu-containing L phase co-exists with the β′′ phase at this aging condition. The quantitative solute concentrations of the matrix show that the formation of clusters is consistent with the slight lower contents of Mg, Si and Cu compared with the alloy chemical composition, and the present of β′′ and L phase is associated with the further partitioning of Mg, Si and Cu from the Al matrix into the precipitates. No Zn-rich clusters and precipitates are observed and the Zn concentration in matrix has no significant change during aging for up to 34 h. This result means that the major of Zn remains in the matrix as aging continues.

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45

Gourlay-Francé, C., A. Bressy, E. Uher, and C. Lorgeoux. "Labile, dissolved and particulate PAHs and trace metals in wastewater: passive sampling, occurrence, partitioning in treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 7 (April 1, 2011): 1327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.127.

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The occurrence and the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and seven metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were investigated in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants by means of passive and active sampling. Concentrations total dissolved and particulate contaminants were determined in wastewater at several points across the treatment system by means of grab sampling. Truly dissolved PAHs were sampled by means of semipermeable membrane devices. Labile (inorganic and weakly complexed) dissolved metals were also sampled using the diffusive gradient in thin film technique. This study confirms the robustness and the validity of these two passive sampling techniques in wastewater. All contaminant concentrations decreased in wastewater along the treatment, although dissolved and labile concentrations sometimes increased for substances with less affinity with organic matter. Solid–liquid and dissolved organic matter/water partitioning constants were estimated. The high variability of both partitioning constants for a simple substance and the poor relation between KD and KOW shows that the binding capacities of particles and organic matter are not uniform within the treatment and that other process than equilibrium sorption affect contaminant repartition and fate in wastewater.

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Baltrėnaitė, Edita, and Donatas Butkus. "MODELLING OF CU, NI, ZN, MN AND PB TRANSPORT FROM SOIL TO SEEDLINGS OF CONIFEROUS AND LEAFY TREES." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636931.

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Transport of trace metals (TMs) from the soil to a plant involves chemical, physical and biological processes (such as diffusion, adsorption, absorption, growth of a plant, transpiration rate, etc.) in the soil, the soil rhizosphere and in the plant itself. Because of the complexity of these processes and external factors (e.g. weather conditions, biotic factors, type of substrate, etc.) the processes are difficult to describe by mathematical formulas. Modelling of TMs transport to plants is even more complex than that of organic contaminants because, contrary to organic contaminants, TMs are essential for plant growth, metabolism, enzyme activity, etc. The octanol‐water partitioning coefficient for TMs in plants gives only limited information about their accumulation, therefore, other coefficients, such as bioconcentration and translocation coefficients, must be incorporated. The aim of this work was to simulate transport of TMs (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni and Mn) from the soil to tree seedlings by adapting a generalized model of contaminant uptake by plants. The model applied for transport of TMs from the soil to trees was created by Hung and Muckay. When employing this model for modelling transport of TMs from the soil, amended with industrial sewage sludge, to seedlings of coniferous and leafy trees, some adjustments were made by evaluating the equilibrium partitioning coefficient of TMs between octanol and water (Kow); by introducing the equilibrium partitioning coefficient of TMs in the soil and water (K d ), which depends on the soil pH and the amount of organic matter; by introducing the coefficient (KT) of TMs solubility in water as well as by introducing corrective coefficients. When using the Hung and Muckay's model of the transport of trace metals from the soil to tree seedlings, the results of modelling differed approximately by 6 % in leaves, 5 % in the stem and 8 % in roots as compared with those of measurements.

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Peng, Shu-Heng, Wen-Xiong Wang, and Jingsheng Chen. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN Cd AND Zn PARTITIONING AND GEOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN SEDIMENTS FROM CHINESE RIVERS." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24, no. 2 (2005): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-290r.1.

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SHIMIZU, Kazuyuki, Hiroyuki TODA, Hongye GAO, Hang SU, Kyosuke HIRAYAMA, Kentaro UESUGI, and Akihisa TAKEUCHI. "Improvement of mechanical properties in Al-Zn-Mg alloys based on hydrogen partitioning control." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2018.71 (2018): C22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2018.71.c22.

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Wu, Zhicheng, Stefanie Sandlöbes, Jing Rao, James S. K. L. Gibson, Benjamin Berkels, and Sandra Korte-Kerzel. "Data on measurement of the strain partitioning in a multiphase Zn-Al eutectic alloy." Data in Brief 20 (October 2018): 1639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.09.010.

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Mackie, Douglas S., and Keith A. Hunter. "The partitioning of zinc, manganese, cadmium and selenium within copepods in oceanic waters east of New Zealand." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 1 (2005): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04194.

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Abstract:

The partitioning of Zn, Mn, Cd and Se within mesozooplankton, mainly calanoid copepods, is reported for two geographically close but biogeochemically distinct water masses (subtropical (ST) and subantarctic (SA) waters) during a transect east of New Zealand in austral spring 1997. Particular attention was paid to avoiding sample contamination during collection, handling and chemical analysis by using trace metal clean techniques. Mesozooplankton underwent a sequential chemical leaching scheme to determine the degree and type of elemental associations within labile and refractory tissues. All four elements showed a positive correlation with the phosphorus content of each fraction indicating a consistent relationship to the amount of tissue dissolved in each fraction. Ratios of Cd : P and Zn : P in samples from SA waters were over twice those in ST waters. However, no significant differences were found between Mn : P and Se : P ratios for samples from the two water masses.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Zn partitioning'

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