Academic literature on the topic 'Zn partitioning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Zn partitioning"
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Sansalone, John J., and Donald W. Glenn. "Temporal Variations in Heavy Metal Partitioning and Loading in Urban Highway Pavement Sheet Flow: Implications for In Situ Treatment Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, no. 1 (January 2000): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-12.
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In situ treatment design for pavement storm water runoff continues to pose unique challenges because of the unsteady nature of processes such as rainfall runoff, mobilization, partitioning, and delivery of heavy metals. Storm water from pavements and roadways transports dissolved, colloidal, and suspended solids in a heterogeneous mixture, and along with pH, alkalinity, traffic levels, and residence time, influences the partitioning of heavy metals. For effective in situ treatment design, an understanding of heavy metal partitioning and temporal wash-off during a rainfall runoff event is a prerequisite. This study investigates zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) partitioning, cumulative loadings, and wash-off in storm water pavement sheet flow from a heavily traveled urban interstate pavement site. Results are presented for a series of eight rainfall runoff events at the instrumented site. Results from partitioning analysis (heavy metal mass transfer) between the dissolved and particulate-bound fractions indicate that Zn, Cd, and Cu masses are predominately dissolved in pavement sheet flow, qsf. Although a relatively insoluble heavy metal, Pb mass was also mostly dissolved. These high dissolved fractions can be attributed to low urban rainfall pH levels, relatively short pavement residence times for the qsf, and low pavement runoff alkalinity. Plots of cumulative heavy metal mass as a function of elapsed runoff time clearly demonstrate that during all events the qsf dissolved fractions dominated the particulate fractions for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb. As far as delivery, results also indicate that the dissolved masses for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb generally exhibited a “first flush” compared with their particulate masses. The design of in situ treatment systems or source control best management practices loaded by qsf require data on partitioning and loading for effective treatment.
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Bettoni, Marcelle Michelotti, Átila Francisco Mógor, Volnei Pauletti, Vitor Cezar Pacheco da Silva, and Renata Koyama. "Export and nutrient partitioning in organic onion." Revista Ceres 63, no. 5 (October 2016): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663050013.
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ABSTRACT Early season onion crops, despite lower yield, is an opportunity for farmers to explore market and better prices in southern Brazil. Knowing the amount absorbed and the distribution of nutrients in the plant is essential for adequate management of fertilization. However, little information on this matter is available for onion, especially for organic farming and nontraditional periods in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient absorption and partitioning in open-pollinated onion cultivars grown in organic system. The experiment was conducted in the Canguiri-UFPR experimental organic farm, Curitiba-PR, with sowing in January. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Cultivars Franciscana IPA-10 (purple), Vale Ouro IPA-11 and Brisa IPA-12 (from Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA), Alfa Tropical (from Embrapa Hortaliças), Alfa São Francisco (VIII cycle) and Alfa São Francisco-RT (thrips resistant- genotype under test; from Embrapa Semi-árido), and BR-29 (Topseed-Agristar) were selected for the study. Chemical analyses were performed for shoot and bulbs collected at harvest. The production potential of cultivars varied, and the most productive ones were the most efficient in converting the nutrients absorbed in bulb yield. The order of nutrient contents in the shoots was K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn = B > Cu, whereas in the bulbs it was K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > B > Zn > Cu > Mn. Nutrients were required in the following order of amount K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Mn > Cu, per ton of fresh bulbs, and accumulated in greater quantity in the shoot, except Zn, which had higher concentration in the bulb.
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Guo, T., J. Sansalone, and P. Piro. "The role of in situ unit operation/process infiltration treatment on partitioning and speciation of rainfall-runoff." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2006): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.589.
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Management decisions regarding the potential fate and toxicity of anthropogenic metal elements requires a knowledge of metal partitioning and speciation as mediated by in situ control systems (ICS). This study focussed on Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb, common anthropogenic metal elements generated in the built environment and examined the influence of variable event-based hydrology and passive ICS by an engineered partial exfiltration reactor (PER) system on partitioning and speciation. The feasibility and efficiency of the PER as an in situ stormwater runoff control strategy to attenuate levels of metal elements was evaluated. Results indicate that higher rainfall intensity resulted in higher dissolved fraction (fd) values for influent Zn, Cu and Cd, but did not have a significant influence on partitioning of Pb. Speciation indicated that divalent fractions of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were changed marginally by the PER. Cu and Pb mainly complexed with organic matter in the influent, while carbonate complexes of these metals in the effluent significantly increased. The PER consistently and statistically reduced all loadings of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for all examined events, whether on a mass or concentration basis. As an unsaturated flow unit operation/process the PER can efficiently remove ionic or complexed forms of metal elements. Such UOPs are a potential quality and quantity ICS strategy for rainfall-runoff.
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Riseman, Andrew, Richard Craig, and Jonathan P. Lynch. "Zinc Uptake and Shoot Partitioning Between Zinc Efficient and Inefficient Exacum Genotypes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 5 (September 2005): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.5.674.
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Interspecific hybrids of exacum (Exacum L.) display variable responses to zinc nutrition. Our research compared two genotypes with contrasting zinc efficiency phenotypes in terms of root cation exchange capacity (CEC), whole plant 65Zn uptake, and the effects of Cu+2 and Mg+2 on 65Zn uptake and partitioning to shoot tissues. Results show that the zinc efficient and inefficient genotypes had significantly different root CEC [27.2 and 16.9 cmol(+)·kg-1 root dry weight (DW), respectively] and whole plant 65Zn uptake rates (0.048 and 0.026 μmol·h-1·g-1 DW, respectively). In equimolar concentrations to Zn+2, Cu+2 reduced Zn+2 uptake by approximately 50% in both genotypes while supplemental Mg+2 enhanced Zn+2 uptake. In addition, Mg+2 facilitated a larger proportion of absorbed 65Zn to the upper shoot of the efficient genotype. We conclude zinc is absorbed through a specific Zn+2/Cu+2 transporter and that zinc efficiency in exacum is based on a combination of apoplastic and symplastic traits. In addition, a secondary Mg+2 × Zn+2 interaction may contribute to the zinc efficiency phenotype.
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Campbell, Peter G. C., André Tessier, Marc Bisson, and René Bougie. "Accumulation of Copper and Zinc in the Yellow Water Lily, Nuphar variegatum: Relationships to Metal Partitioning in the Adjacent Lake Sediments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-003.
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Relationships between the partitioning of Cu and Zn in lake sediments and their availability to the yellow water lily, Nuphar variegatum, were examined downstream from a major Cu/Zn mining and smelting complex in Northwestern Quebec, Canada. At each of 13 sampling sites, five N. variegatum individuals were collected, separated into stem and rhizome portions, and analyzed for total Cu and Zn. At the same sites, sediment cores were collected at the base of each plant; the 0- to 2-cm stratum was extruded, wet sieved (850 μm), and subjected to a sequential leaching procedure to determine the partitioning of Cu and Zn among various operationally defined geochemical fractions. Statistical analysis suggested that a significant portion of the Cu burden in N. variegatum was probably derived from the sediments, whereas the Zn content of the plant originated largely in the water column. The concentrations of Cu in the fractions most readily extracted from the sediment were the best indicators of Cu bioavailability in the sediment; normalization of these concentrations with respect to the Fe content of the sediment improved the relationship with [Curhizome], suggesting that Fe may play a protective role in regulating Cu bioavailability.
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Krantzberg, G., and P. M. Stokes. "Benthic Macroinvertebrates Modify Copper and Zinc Partitioning in Freshwater–Sediment Microcosms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-184.
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The effects of bioturbation on metal dynamics in freshwater–sediment systems were examined. In general, benthic macroinvertebrates caused significant changes in Cu and Zn partitioning among physicochemical forms in the sediment. The proportion of cation-exchangeable and specifically adsorbed Cu observed in Chub Lake (Muskoka–Haliburton) microcosms colonized by chironomids and chaoborids was greater than that for uncolonized sediment. The same relationship held for Cu in Lohi Lake (Sudbury) microcosms supporting a similar benthic community and for Cu and Zn in Port Credit (Lake Ontario) sediments inhabited by tubificids. The ability of tubificid worms to increase sediment Eh was recorded and related to Cu and Zn dynamics. We conclude that macroinvertebrate communities have the potential to increase metal concentrations in the water column, particularly during short episodes of high burrowing activity, and that in situ studies are warranted to verify this potentiality.
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Feng, Su Ping, Xiao Lin Du, Yong Li Liu, Nan Nan Zhang, and Hai Lin. "Chemical Fractionation and Bioavailability of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in Sewage-Irrigated Soils from Xiaoqing River, Zhangqiu Area, China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.891.
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The total contents and chemical phase partitioning of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb from long-time sewage- irrigated soil were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the contents of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb did not exceed the the second-level limit of Standard of Soil Environment (GB15618-1995), but the average content of Cd was 1.81 mg•kg-1, which was about three times more than the national standard. The chemical partitioning of metals analysis showed that Cd was present dominantly in the acetic acid extractable fraction with the average percentage of 37.44%, while the other four elements mostly in residual fraction, which indicated that Cd had the highest bioavailability, mobility and phyto-toxicity. Compared to the well-irrigated soils, the percentages of acetic acid extractable fractions of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu were obviously higher in the contaminated soils, which increased the potential danger of heavy metals pollution.
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Brydie, J. R., and D. A. Polya. "Metal dispersion in sediments and waters of the River Conwy draining the Llanrwst Mining Field, North Wales." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 2 (April 2003): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036720100.
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The dispersion and sediment-water partitioning of Pb and Zn have been studied in the Conwy River, North Wales. Analysis included major and trace element water chemistry and concentrations of sediment-hosted Pb and Zn. In situ solution pH, Eh, temperature and conductivity were also measured. Sediments were characterized via SEM, XRD, nitric acid leaching and sequential chemical extraction to quantify metal distribution and sediment phase associations. Dissolved and sediment-bound Pb and Zn within river and estuary waters and sediments have been used to calculate whole sediment- and phase-specific apparent partition coefficients.Weathering of galena and sphalerite, associated with the Llanrwst Mining Field, provide point sources of elevated dissolved and sedimentary Pb and Zn in the upper catchment. Dissolved Pb is actively adsorbed onto sedimentary surface coatings of Fe-Mn (hydr)oxides and organics whilst Fe-Mn (hydr)oxides, organics and carbonates were the main hosts for Zn. Systematic changes in metal sorption are evident between the estuary and the upper catchment, with organic matter becoming progressively more important upstream. This change is ascribed to the sorptive properties of sedimentary organic material. Solution pH, [Cl] and aqueous metal speciation are the dominant solution controls on metal partitioning. Laboratory sorption experiments parallel Pb sorption behaviour in the natural system.
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Mossa, Abdul-Wahab, Dawd Gashu, Martin R. Broadley, Sarah J. Dunham, Steve P. McGrath, Elizabeth H. Bailey, and Scott D. Young. "The effect of soil properties on zinc lability and solubility in soils of Ethiopia – an isotopic dilution study." SOIL 7, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-255-2021.
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Abstract. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread nutritional problem in human populations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The Zn concentration of crops consumed depends in part on the Zn status of the soil. Improved understanding of factors controlling the phyto-availability of Zn in soils can contribute to potential agronomic interventions to tackle Zn deficiency, but many soil types in SSA are poorly studied. Soil samples (n=475) were collected from a large part of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, where there is widespread Zn deficiency. Zinc status was quantified by measuring several fractions, including the pseudo-total (aqua regia digestion; ZnTot), available (DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetate) extractable; ZnDTPA), soluble (dissolved in 0.01 M Ca(NO3); ZnSoln) and isotopically exchangeable Zn, using the enriched stable Zn isotope 70Zn (ZnE). Soil geochemical properties were assessed for their influence on Zn lability and solubility. A parameterized geochemical assemblage model (Windermere Humic Aqueous Model – WHAM) was also employed to predict the solid phase fractionation of Zn in tropical soils rather than using sequential chemical extractions. ZnTot ranged from 14.1 to 291 mg kg−1 (median = 100 mg kg−1), whereas ZnDTPA in the majority of soil samples was less than 0.5 mg kg−1, indicating widespread phyto-available Zn deficiency in these soils. The labile fraction of Zn in soil (ZnE as % ZnTot) was low, with median and mean values of 4.7 % and 8.0 %, respectively. Labile Zn partitioning between the solid and the solution phases of soil was highly pH dependent, where 94 % of the variation in the partitioning coefficient of 70Zn was explained by soil pH. Similarly, 86 % of the variation in ZnSoln was explained by soil pH. Zinc distribution between adsorbed ZnE and ZnSoln was controlled by pH. Notably, Zn isotopic exchangeability increased with soil pH. This contrasts with literature on contaminated and urban soils and may arise from covarying factors, such as contrasting soil clay mineralogy across the pH range of the soils used in the current study. These results could be used to improve agronomic interventions to tackle Zn deficiency in SSA.
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Mufalo, Walubita, Pawit Tangviroon, Toshifumi Igarashi, Mayumi Ito, Tsutomu Sato, Meki Chirwa, Imasiku Nyambe, Hokuto Nakata, Shouta Nakayama, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Solid-Phase Partitioning and Leaching Behavior of Pb and Zn from Playground Soils in Kabwe, Zambia." Toxics 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100248.
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Zambia’s Kabwe mine wastes (KMWs) are responsible for contaminating the surrounding soil and dust in the Kabwe district. Unfortunately, these wastes arise from the historical mining activities of lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn), which lacked adequate waste management strategies. As a result, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Pb and Zn) spread across the Kabwe district. To assess the soil pollution derived from previous mining activities, we studied topsoil samples (n = 8) from the school playground soils (SPs). In this study, the degree of contamination, geochemical partitioning, and leachability, coupled with the release and retention of Pb and Zn, were studied. The SPs were classified as extremely enriched (EF > 40) and contaminated with Pb (Igeo > 5). On average, Pb (up to 89%) and Zn (up to 69%) were bound with exchangeable, weak acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable phases, which are considered as ’geochemically mobile’ phases in the environment. The leachates from the soils (n = 5) exceeded the Zambian standard (ZS: 190:2010) for Pb in potable drinking water (Pb < 0.01 mg/L). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of Pb and Zn showed a significant reduction in contents of Pb and Zn with the distance from the mine area.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Zn partitioning"
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MacFarlane, Bryan Matthew. "The partitioning and distribution of Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu in western Lake Erie sediments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0012/MQ52473.pdf.
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MacDonald, James Douglas. "The partitioning of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn between the solid and solution phase of forest floor horizons in podzolic soils near metal smelters /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85575.
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The emission of trace metals (TMs) into boreal forest regions of the northern hemisphere is an important environmental issue due to their potential detrimental impacts on these sensitive ecosystems. One of the foremost factors controlling metal cycling is the chemistry of the overlying organic forest floor of the forest soil. In this thesis we examine the chemistry of forest floor horizons of podzolic soils. Our goal is to improve our ability to predict the partitioning of metals between the soil solid and solution phases.We developed a standard protocol to produce solutions that resemble lysimeter solutions from podzolic soils using air-dried samples. We hypothesized that the stabilization point of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil solution is indicative of the point in which soluble salts and organic material precipitated during sampling and storage are removed from the soil particle surfaces. Solutions produced by leaching the soils, once the EC of wash solutions had stabilized, were comparable to lysimeter solutions from the area where samples were collected with respect to the concentrations of divalent cations, pH, EC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The applicability of this procedure to trace metal partitioning in forest floors was explored. Laboratory extractions produced partition coefficients (log Kd) similar to observed lysimeter solutions ranging from 3.4 to 3.9 for Cd, 3.4 to 3.9 for Cu, 3.4 to 4.1 for Ni, 4.1 to 5.2 for Pb and 3.2 to 3.5 for Zn. According to a semi-mechanistic regression model based on observed lysimeter concentrations, the metal concentrations in solution were appropriate relative to known factors that influence metal partitioning in soils: pH, the concentrations of total metals and DOC.
While chemical characteristics of soils have been consistently observed to play important roles in the partitioning and toxicity of metals we wished to place the importance of the chemical characteristics of soil on mobility and toxicity in context. We interpreted field data that had been collected from transects established with distance from two point source emitters in Rouyn PQ, and Sudbury ON. Canada find developed equations that predict dissolved metal concentrations from total metal concentrations, soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and DOC contents. We integrated these equations into a simple box model that calculates changes in the concentration of metals in the organic and upper mineral horizons and includes a loop for vegetative return of metals to the forest floor.
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Pretorius, Patrius Julius. "The adsorption of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb by δ-MnO₂ and its inclusion in an equilibrium model of metal partitioning in soils." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18487.
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Chemical equilibrium modelling provides a mechanistic tool for the prediction of metal partitioning in soils, which is important in predicting the fate and effects of metals in soil systems. In order to set up an equilibrium model of metal partitioning in soil systems, thermodynamic data for all processes influencing metal fate in soil systems are needed. In this work, the adsorption of the metals nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead by δ-MnO₂ is investigated. This was done in order to provide thermodynamic data for an important adsorption phase in soils systems. Before this work, consistent adsorption data for only one adsorption phase, hydrous ferric oxide, were available. This precluded the inclusion of manganese dioxide in equilibrium models of metal fate in soil systems. Surface complexation properties of a synthetic manganese dioxide were investigated using glass electrode potentiometry. Experimental data were interpreted according to the surface complexation model in conjunction with the diffuse double layer model of the solid/solution interface. Adsorption constants were derived using the non-linear optimization program FITEQL. The surface complexation parameters determined in this fashion were validated against results obtained from the open literature. Following this, the surface complexation parameters were included in a chemical equilibrium model of soil systems. This model was used to predict the partitioning of nickel, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in a number of soil samples collected in The Netherlands. Contrary to results presented by other workers, it was found that a non-homogeneous surface site model was needed to explain the potentiometric data obtained for proton and metal adsorption by manganese dioxide. Best fits of alkalimetric titration data were obtained with a two-site, three surface-species model of the δ-MnO₂ surface. Site concentrations of 2.231x10⁻³ mol.g⁻¹ and 7.656x10⁻⁴ mol.g⁻¹ were obtained. Corresponding equilibrium constants for the formation of the postulated surface species are -1.27 (=XO⁻), -5.99 (=YO⁻) and 3.52 (= YOH2₂⁺). This model was successful in a qualitative manner in describing adsorption results obtained from the open literature. The prediction of metal partitioning in soil systems showed that although the inclusion of manganese dioxide in the modelled to some improvement in the agreement between observed and predicted results, other factors are present which influence metal partitioning in soils. The discrepancy between observed and predicted results furthermore showed that the processes accounted for in the equilibrium model are incomplete.
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Milani, Narges. "Zinc oxide nanoparticles in the soil environment : dissolution, speciation, retention and bioavailability." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/82374.
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have unique physical and chemical characteristics which deviate from larger particles of the same material, due to their extremely small size, higher specific surface area and surface reactivity. The peculiar properties of ZnO NPs could potentially improve zinc (Zn) fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. This is based on the assumption that ZnO NPs provide a more soluble and bioavailable source of Zn in soil compared to micron- or millimetre- sized (bulk) ZnO particles currently used for Zn fertilizers in Zn deficient soils. However, a thorough understanding of the fate and reactions in soils and interactions of nanoparticles with plants of ZnO NPs is required prior to the recommendation for use of these novel materials. Therefore, there is a need to investigate dissolution, diffusion, transformation, partitioning and availability of manufactured ZnO NPs in soil to ensure safer and more sustainable application of ZnO NPs as a new source of Zn fertilisers for plants, and better management of their potential risks. Given inclusion of Zn in macronutrient fertilizers is the common procedure for their field application, ZnO NPs and bulk ZnO were coated onto macronutrient fertilizers (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and urea) and dissolution kinetics, diffusion and solid phase speciation of Zn from coated fertilizers were evaluated. Coating of ZnO on macronutrient fertilizers significantly affected solubility and dissolution kinetics of the ZnO sources, but nano-sized ZnO did not show any enhanced solubility over bulk ZnO. The low pH value of ZnO-coated MAP granules resulted in greater and faster dissolution of ZnO compared to ZnO-coated urea granules. However, interactions of ZnO particles with phosphate in MAP granules likely resulted in precipitation of Zn-phosphate species. The high pH and ionic strength of the dissolving solution resultant from hydrolysis of urea likely promoted aggregation of any ZnO NPs released from coated urea granules and also hindered dissolution of ZnO. To evaluate changes in Zn speciation with coating of the ZnO sources and after incorporation of the coated-fertilizers into an alkaline calcareous soil, synchrotron-based micro X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-XAFS) method was used. The findings confirmed precipitation of Zn-phosphate species at the surface of MAP fertilizer granules irrespective of the size of ZnO particles used for coating. For coated urea, the Zn remained as ZnO species for both nano-sized and bulk ZnO coatings. Solid phase speciation in the fertilized soil varied with distance from the point of fertilizer application. Significant amounts of Zn(OH)₂ and ZnCO₃ species were identified in the soil some distance from coated urea and MAP, respectively, indicating dissolution/precipitation processes were active. Moreover, limited and comparable diffusion of Zn from coated fertilizers with nanoparticulate or bulk ZnO into soil was observed using micro x-ray fluorescence mapping (μ-XRF). Transformation of Zn at the surface of MAP granules, mass flow of water towards the hygroscopic fertilizer granules or strong aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles released from urea granules could have been the mechanisms which restricted Zn diffusion. Given that coating of ZnO on macronutrient fertilizers markedly reduced Zn solubility, reactions of ZnO NPs and bulk ZnO in soil were studied when applied as the pure oxides. Availability of Zn for durum wheat (Triticum durum) plants from nanoparticulate and bulk sources of ZnO was evaluated in an acidic and an alkaline soil using an isotopic dilution procedure (L value). Significant dissolution and plant acquisition of Zn from ZnO was observed (ca. 50 – 100 % of added), even with limited pre-incubation of soils with the Zn sources. However, no significant effect of particle size was observed on plant acquisition of Zn from the ZnO. Retention and dissolution of ZnO NPs and dissolved Zn species from ZnO NPs was further investigated in five soils with diverse physical and chemical properties. Strong retention of ZnO NPs and/or dissolved Zn species from ZnO NPs was found in all soils especially in alkaline and calcareous soils. The adsorption affinity of ZnO NPs was generally greater than that of soluble Zn, which suggested ZnO NPs were retained more strongly than soluble Zn in soils. Soil pH and clay content of soil were the most important soil properties affecting retention, although the number of soils used was too small to draw firm conclusions as soil parameters co-varied. Generally, nanoparticulate forms of ZnO appear to offer little advantage over bulk-sized ZnO as a source of fertilizer Zn to crops. Rapid dissolution of ZnO NPs and partitioning of dissolved Zn species derived from ZnO NPs and/or high retention of ZnO NPs in soils suggested that soil application of manufactured ZnO NPs would not appear to offer any benefits over bulk ZnO, whether applied in pure form or along with macronutrient fertilisers. However, from an ecotoxicological point of view, ZnO NPs would not be persistent in soil systems and hence their mobility in soil would be limited. Therefore the risks associated with application of ZnO NPs in soil would be similar to that of soluble Zn.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2012
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Wei, Ming-hui, and 魏明輝. "Determination of Dissolved Trace Metal (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn) Partitioning in Natural Water by a Two-Column Ion Exchange Method." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11607461175472020448.
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碩士國立中山大學
海洋科學系研究所
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In this study, experiments were carried out using a two-column (Chelex-100 and AG MP-1 resin) ion exchange technique, operated in different sequences (Chelex-AG MP1, normal phase, or AG MP1-Chelex, reversed phase). The model solutions, containing various concentrations of metal complexing agents (humic acid, HA and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA), of different pH were prepared in Milli-Q water and seawater, and then passed through the column sets, in order to investigate the variations in trace metal (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn) partitioning. Chelex-100 is a cation exchange resin, and AG MP-1 is an anion exchange resin. The fractions obtained were operationally defined as Chelex-labile, AG MP-labile, non-labile and zwitterionic (retained by both Chelex-100 and AG MP-1 resins, obtained by calculation). Experimental results showed that: (1) Cd, Co, Ni and Zn were mostly present as Chelex-labile fraction, while Cu was equivalently present as Chelex-labile and AG MP-labile fractions. When the column sequence was reversed, Cd was not retained by Chelex-100 resin, and some can be retained by AG MP-1 resin in seawater medium, suggesting the predominant fraction of Cd being non-labile fraction (probably CdCl2). Solutions with higher pH (8.0) showed enhanced AG MP-labile metal fractions, indicating organic complexation, than those at pH 5.5 in freshwater medium; (2) Organic complexes in model solutions were retained mostly by AG MP-1 resin, with a small part being retained by Chelex-100 resin. In addition, part of non-labile fraction exhibited organic complex characteristics; (3) AG MP-labile metal concentrations and the concentration of humic acid had a positive correlation, indicating the complexation with humic acid for different metals is in the following order: Cu &;gt; Ni &;gt; Co &;gt; Zn &;gt; Cd; (4) When model solutions contain only trace metals and EDTA, and the total metal concentration was lower than the complexation capacity of EDTA, Cd (89~92%), Co (77~83%), Cu (92~96%), Ni (88~93%) and Zn (80~83%) were predominantly present as AG MP-labile fraction (negatively charged M-EDTA complexes, MHEDTA-) in freshwater model solutions, and a minor were present as non-labile fraction (neutrally charged M-EDTA complexes, MH2EDTA). Fe was equivalently present as AG MP-labile and non-labile fractions in model solutions, comparing with other metals, and accounted for most of the non-labile fraction (FeHEDTA) among the elements determined. In seawater model solutions, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn were present mostly as Chelex-labile and non-labile fractions. Fe was equivalently present as Chelex-labile, AG MP-labile and non-labile fractions in model solutions. It was found that metal-organic complexes could present in different terms of metal speciation in model solutions (MHEDTA-, MH2EDTA); (5) Metal-EDTA complexes showed stronger complexation than those of metal-HA. This analytical scheme was applied to estuarine and coastal waters. Results showed that, column yields had comparable trends of differences between operation modes (normal and reversed), and between samples in natural pH (~8.0) and buffered (5.5) when compared with lab experiments. Metal concentrations in the coastal and estuarine waters were in general lower than those in model solutions prepared in the lab, thus the distributions of metal species derived from the dual-column preconcentration technique represent results closer to natural waters. Results obtained in this study suggest that column yields vary when the dual-column preconcentration technique is operated under different column sequences. Modification of sample/solution, especially pH, results in shifts of metal species. Therefore, the use of technique with multiple preconcentration resins requires more careful definition of operating conditions and result interpretation.
Book chapters on the topic "Zn partitioning"
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Chevychelov, V. Yu. "Inter-phase Partitioning of Pb and Zn in Granitoid Fluid-Magmatic Systems: Experimental Study." In Advances in Experimental and Genetic Mineralogy, 289–336. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42859-4_13.
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Almås, Åsgeir, and Bal Singh. "Partitioning and Reaction Kinetics of Cd-109 and Zn-65 in an Alum Shale Soil as Influenced by Organic Matter at Different Tem." In Trace Elements in Soil. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420032734.ch10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Zn partitioning"
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Selc¸uk, Nevin, Yusuf Gogebakan, and Zuhal Gogebakan. "Partitioning of Trace Elements During Fluidized Bed Combustion of High Ash Content Lignite." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78068.
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The behavior of 20 trace elements (As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, Zn) and 8 major and minor elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, Ti) during the combustion of high ash content lignite with and without limestone addition have been investigated in the 0.3 MWt Middle East Technical University (METU) Atmospheric Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor (ABFBC) Test Rig. Experiments were performed without fines recycle. Inert bed material utilized in the experiments was bed ash obtained previously from the combustion of the same lignite without limestone addition in the same test rig. Concentrations of trace elements in coal, limestone, bottom ash, cyclone ash and filter ash were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Measurements show that the distribution of major and minor elements follows the ash split between the bottom ash and fly ash and that the major proportion of most of the trace elements (As, Ba, Cr, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, Sn, V, Zn) are recovered in fly ash. Comparisons between the trace element partitioning of the runs with and without limestone addition reveal that addition of limestone shifts the partitioning of Ba, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Sn, V, Zn from bottom ash to fly ash.
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Smith-Schmitz, Sarah, and Martin Appold. "EXPERIMENTAL QUANTIFICATION OF THE PARTITIONING OF ZN BETWEEN DOLOMITE AND BRINE." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369643.
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Smith-Schmitz, Sarah, and Martin Appold. "Experimentally derived distribution coefficients for the partitioning of Zn between brine and dolomite." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12580.
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Seegers, Alix X., Riemer G. Stelwagen, Kirsten van Zuilen, Wim Van Westrenen, and Pieter Z. Vroon. "Equilibration Time of Fe and Zn Concentrations and Isotopes in High-Pressure-Temperature Metal-Silicate Partitioning Experiments." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2331.
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Wolski, N., R. Berger, J. Maier, and K. R. G. Hein. "Bubbling Fluidized Bed Co-Combustion of Different Sustainable Fuels: Trace Element Behaviour." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-131.
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With this paper the author will show interesting results of the co-combustion of coal in combination with bark and paper sludge in fluidized bed combustion. The results presented were collected during two measurement campaigns at a 30 kW electrically stabilized bubbling fluidized bed. The fluidized bed combustor was compared to large scale combustors in different campaigns before and thus gives an idea of the output of industrial plants. The main focus of the measurements was the behavior of trace elements of Ni Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu with a changing bed material. One bed material was pre-used under the exposure of combustion of a ternary fuel mixture of coal, bark and paper sludge over a long period of time resulting in a bed composition of 2/3 SiO2 and 1/3 Al2O3. The second bed material utilized, which was a sand (primarily SiO2) not used before thus not enriched in any compounds. When comparing the results of all trials three different trace metal partitioning effects were monitored. First an increase in the elemental concentration in the bed material which was primarily due to the higher input concentration with the pre-used bed material which was found for all three alternatives plus a decrease in filter and cyclone concentrations (Ni, Pb). Secondly an increase in all three ash fractions was detected for Cu. The third was a mixture of both with increasing filter concentrations but decreasing cyclone concentrations (Zn, Cr). An attempt was made to link the before primarily to the enrichment in Al-compounds and to a bed capacity of retention. The results presented indicate the need for longer periods of testing even at small scaled facilities if the comparison to large scale facilities is attempted.
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Gulyurtlu, I., M. Helena Lopes, P. Abelha, I. Cabrita, and J. F. Santos Oliveira. "The Study of Partitioning of Heavy Metals During Fluidized Bed Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-079.
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The behaviour of Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg during the combustion tests of granular dry sewage sludges on a pilot FBC of about 0,3 MW was evaluated. The emissions of these heavy metals from mono-combustion were compared with those of co-combustion of the sludge with a bituminous coal. The effect of the addition of limestone was also studied in order to retain sulphur compounds and to verify its influence on the retention of heavy metals. Heavy metals were collected and analysed from different locations of the installation, which included the stack, the two cyclones and the material removed from the bed. The results showed that the volatility of metals was rather low, resulting in emissions below the legal limits of the new directive on incineration, with the exception of Hg during the mono-combustion tests. The partitioning of metals, except for Hg, appeared to follow that of ashes, amounting to levels above 90% in the bed streams in the mono-combustion case. For co-combustion, there was a lower fixation of HM in the bed ashes, mostly originating essentially from the sewage sludge, ranging between 40 and 80%. It is believed that in this latter case, a slightly higher bed temperature could have enhanced the volatilisation, especially of Cd and Pb. However these metals were then retained in cyclone ashes. In the case of Hg, the volatilisation was complete. The bed ashes were free of Hg and part of it was retained in the cyclone and emitted as both fine ash particles and in gaseous forms. In mono-combustion the Hg emissions from the stack (particles and gas) accounted for about 50%, although there was a significant amount unaccounted for. This appeared to have significantly decreased in the case of co-combustion, as only about 15% has been emitted, due to the retention effect of cyclone ashes which presented high quantities of unburned carbon and possibly condensed sulphur species.
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Aguilar Carrillo de Albornoz, Javier, and Anahí Velázquez Galicia. "Role of Amorphous Ferric Arsenate in the partitioning and mobility of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in an ancient Pb–Zn mine in central Mexico." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.9288.
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Mininni, Giuseppe, Dario Marani, Camilla Maria Braguglia, Ettore Guerriero, and Andrea Sbrilli. "Behavior of Organic and Inorganic Micropollutants in Chlorine Spiked Sludge Incineration by a Circulating Fluidized Bed Furnace." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-105.
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The effects of combustion and feeding conditions on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and PCDD/F formation and appearance in the emissions at the stack during sludge incineration are discussed in this paper. Partitioning in the solid streams of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn is also analyzed. Tests were performed on a demonstrative plant equipped with a fluidized bed furnace (FBF) using sewage sludge either as is or spiked with chlorinated organic compounds (tetrachloroethylene or a mixture of tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene and toluene) to study the chlorine effect on the presence of micropollutants in the different streams. Exhaust gases were sampled both before and after the treatment system (bag house and wet scrubber). In the untreated flue gas the highest values of PCDD/F and PAH were detected when the afterburning chamber was not in use or operating at low temperatures. Operation of the afterburning chamber at temperature higher than 850–900 °C was sufficient to keep organic micropollutants concentrations in the untreated flue gas at reasonably low levels. No significant correlation of the operating conditions with emissions at the stack was found. High copper concentration in the feed enhanced PCDD/F formation, with exception of tests carried out with high afterburning temperature. The homologue profile of PCDD/F and PAH depended on test conditions. Preferential accumulation of heavy metals in the filter ash with respect to cyclone ash was quantified in terms of an enrichment factor. Out of the seven metals considered, only Cd and Pb undergo significant enrichment in the filter ash. The enrichment increased with increasing chlorine content of the feed. In contrast, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn behaved as refractory (non-volatile) elements even at high chlorine dosage. In accordance with the widely accepted hypothesis that metal enrichment is due to metal vaporization in the combustion chamber and subsequent condensation onto the filter ash particles, a thermodynamic model of the combustion process was able to satisfactorily predict the different metal behavior and the effect of chlorine dosage on metal enrichment.
Reports on the topic "Zn partitioning"
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Wogelius, R. A., and D. G. Fraser. Ga, Ca, and 3d transition element (Cr through Zn) partitioning among spinel-lherzolite phases from the Lanzo massif, Italy: Analytical results and crystal chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154294.
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