Journal articles: 'Zn/Cu based cells'

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Liu, Congcong, Qiongqiong Lu, Ahmad Omar, and Daria Mikhailova. "A Facile Chemical Method Enabling Uniform Zn Deposition for Improved Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030764.

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Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained great attention due to their high safety and the natural abundance of Zn. Unfortunately, the Zn metal anode suffers from dendrite growth due to nonuniform deposition during the plating/stripping process, leading to a sudden failure of the batteries. Herein, Cu coated Zn (Cu–Zn) was prepared by a facile pretreatment method using CuSO4 aqueous solution. The Cu coating transformed into an alloy interfacial layer with a high affinity for Zn, which acted as a nucleation site to guide the uniform Zn nucleation and plating. As a result, Cu–Zn demonstrated a cycling life of up to 1600 h in the symmetric cells and endowed a stable cycling performance with a capacity of 207 mAh g−1 even after 1000 cycles in the full cells coupled with a V2O5-based cathode. This work provides a simple and effective strategy to enable uniform Zn deposition for improved ZIBs.

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Kontonasaki, E., A. Bakopoulou, A. Theocharidou, G. S. Theodorou, L. Papadopoulou, N. Kantiranis, M. Bousnaki, et al. "Effective Cell Growth Potential of Mg-Based Bioceramic Scaffolds towards Targeted Dentin Regeneration." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0039.

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SUMMARYNew emerging approaches in tissue engineering include incorporation of metal ions involved in various metabolic processes, such as Cu, Zn, Si into bioceramic scaffolds for enhanced cell growth and differentiation of specific cell types. The aim of the present work was to investigate the attachment, morphology, growth and mineralized tissue formation potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) seeded into Mg-based glassceramic scaffolds with incorporated Zn and Cu ions. Bioceramic scaffolds containing Si 60%, Ca 30%, Mg 7.5% and either Zn or Cu 2.5%, sintered at different temperatures were synthesized by the foam replica technique and seeded with DPSCs for up to 21 days. Scanning Electron Microscopy with associated Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to evaluate their ability to support the DPSCs’s attachment and proliferation, while the structure of the seeded scaffolds was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). Zn-doped bioceramic scaffolds promoted the attachment and growth of human DPSCs, while identically fabricated scaffolds doped with Cu showed a cytotoxic behaviour, irrespective of the sintering temperature. A mineralized tissue with apatite-like structure was formed on both Cu-doped scaffolds and only on those Zn-doped scaffolds heat-treated at lower temperatures. Sol-gel derived Zn-doped scaffolds sintered at 890oC support DPSC growth and apatite-like tissue formation, which renders them as promising candidates towards dental tissue regeneration.

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Lafond, Alain, Léo Choubrac, Catherine Guillot-Deudon, Pierre Fertey, Michel Evain, and Stéphane Jobic. "X-ray resonant single-crystal diffraction technique, a powerful tool to investigate the kesterite structure of the photovoltaic Cu2ZnSnS4compound." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 70, no. 2 (March 28, 2014): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520614003138.

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Cu/Zn disorder in the kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4derivatives used for thin film based solar cells is an important issue for photovoltaic performances. Unfortunately, Cu and Zn cannot be distinguished by conventional laboratory X-ray diffraction. This paper reports on a resonant diffraction investigation of a Cu2ZnSnS4single crystal from a quenched powdered sample. The full disorder of Cu and Zn in thez= 1/4 atomic plane is shown. The structure, namely disordered kesterite, is then described in the I\bar 42m space group.

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Podapangi, Suresh K., Laura Mancini, Jie Xu, Sathy Harshavardhan Reddy, Aldo Di Carlo, Thomas M. Brown, and Gloria Zanotti. "Green Anisole Solvent-Based Synthesis and Deposition of Phthalocyanine Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells." Energies 16, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 3643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093643.

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Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have attracted attention due to their low cost, easy solution processability, high efficiency, and scalability. However, the benchmark expensive hole transport material (HTM) 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N, N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD), which is traditionally solution-processed with toxic solvents such as chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), or toluene, is a bottleneck. To address this issue, this work investigates the implementation of Zn(II), Cu(II), or Co(II) tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanines (TBU4-Cu, TBU4-Zn, TBU4-Co), established macrocyclic derivatives whose synthesis and processing inside the devices have been redesigned to be more environmentally sustainable and cost-effective by substituting conventional solvents with greener alternatives such as anisole, propane-1,2-diol, and their mixture, as dopant-free HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs. The anisole-processed HTMs provided power conversion efficiencies (PCE) up to 12.27% for TBU4-Cu and 11.73% for TBU4-Zn, with better photovoltaic parameters than the corresponding cells made with chlorobenzene for which the best results obtained were, respectively, 12.22% and 10.81%.

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van Hengel, Ingmar A. J., Melissa W. A. M. Tierolf, Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei, Iulian Apachitei, and Amir A. Zadpoor. "Antibacterial Titanium Implants Biofunctionalized by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation with Silver, Zinc, and Copper: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073800.

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Patients receiving orthopedic implants are at risk of implant-associated infections (IAI). A growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten to hamper the treatment of IAI. The focus has, therefore, shifted towards the development of implants with intrinsic antibacterial activity to prevent the occurrence of infection. The use of Ag, Cu, and Zn has gained momentum as these elements display strong antibacterial behavior and target a wide spectrum of bacteria. In order to incorporate these elements into the surface of titanium-based bone implants, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been widely investigated as a single-step process that can biofunctionalize these (highly porous) implant surfaces. Here, we present a systematic review of the studies published between 2009 until 2020 on the biomaterial properties, antibacterial behavior, and biocompatibility of titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO using Ag, Cu, and Zn. We observed that 100% of surfaces bearing Ag (Ag-surfaces), 93% of surfaces bearing Cu (Cu-surfaces), 73% of surfaces bearing Zn (Zn-surfaces), and 100% of surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn resulted in a significant (i.e., >50%) reduction of bacterial load, while 13% of Ag-surfaces, 10% of Cu-surfaces, and none of Zn or combined Ag, Cu, and Zn surfaces reported cytotoxicity against osteoblasts, stem cells, and immune cells. A majority of the studies investigated the antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Important areas for future research include the biofunctionalization of additively manufactured porous implants and surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of such implants should be determined in assays focused on prevention, rather than the treatment of IAIs. These implants should be tested using appropriate in vivo bone infection models capable of assessing whether titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO with Ag, Cu, and Zn can contribute to protect patients against IAI.

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Caliò, Laura, Jorge Follana-Berná, Samrana Kazim, Morten Madsen, Horst-Günter Rubahn, Ángela Sastre-Santos, and Shahzada Ahmad. "Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) based phthalocyanines as hole selective layers for perovskite solar cells." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, no. 10 (2017): 2071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00367f.

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Cu and Zn based phthalocyanines with 4-tert-octylphenoxy-substituted functional groups were synthesized and showed high solubility in a range of organic solvents, they were integrated in perovskite solar cells.

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Fagieh, Taghreed M., Helen J. Reid, and Barry L. Sharp. "Determination of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in Muscle Cells as Potential Markers of Oxidative Stress by Laser Ablation and Solution Based ICP-MS." International Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v11n2p50.

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Oxidative stress is imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant levels in living systems. Human cells are protected from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Most of these compounds require particular redox metals in their structures as cofactors to allow them to scavenge the free radicals, in particular Cu, Zn or Mn-with SOD and Fe with catalase. The aim of this study was to quantify these metals in human cells to evaluate their effectiveness as novel biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress. The metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) were measured in vitro in skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) which were incubated under hypoxia or hyperoxia conditions generated by varying oxygen levels from 1% - 60% for 24 and 48 hours. Two methods were used to perform the analyses. Solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to quantify Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in cell populations, and laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS was employed to compare their relative levels in individual cells. The data acquired from both techniques were positively correlated confirming the validity of the two approaches. The results showed that the concentration of the measured elements increased dramatically in cells grown at 25% - 60% O2, the most significant increase being in Cu at 60% O2. None showed any increase at 5% - 15% O2, indicating normoxia states. At 1% O2, all elements, except Fe, showed a significant increase and the most remarkable growth was in Mn. Increasing the incubation time to 48 hours had differing effects on the elements. Zn and Cu concentrations were unaffected by increasing incubation time except at 60% O2 where they showed further growth. In contrast, Mn concentration grew sharply for oxygen levels of 30% - 50% with no further effect at 1%, while Fe concentration decreased at 1% O2 and grew steadily for oxygen levels of 5% - 60%. It can be concluded that all four elements were significantly affected by stress conditions applied to cells, but at different rates. Importantly, this paper describes a novel method for estimating oxidative stress in cells based on the determination of redox elements in single cells and cell populations using ICP-MS.

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Taskesen, Teoman, Devendra Pareek, David Nowak, Willi Kogler, Thomas Schnabel, Erik Ahlswede, and Levent Gütay. "Potential of CZTSe Solar Cells Fabricated by an Alloy-Based Processing Strategy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 74, no. 8 (August 27, 2019): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2019-0136.

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AbstractIn this manuscript, we give an overview of the main insights into our growth procedure for kesterite solar cells and show the possibilities that are provided by this approach. The importance of using Cu–Sn alloy instead of elemental Sn and Cu in the precursor is shown. We discuss how the alloy approach stabilises the composition and helps guide the process along a preferred reaction pathway. A summary of our previously reported findings in the context of our latest results on kesterite solar cells prepared from Cu–Sn alloyed precursors is drawn. The positive impact of an alloy precursor configuration on the formation pathway, process control, and process resilience is demonstrated. Furthermore, a new optimisation strategy for kesterite, based on the reported pathway, is discussed, including a smooth phase transition from Cu-rich to Cu-poor kesterite. Finally, we demonstrate results on buffer optimisation and the application of a promising hybrid buffer configuration of CdS/Zn(O,S), which can reduce the optical losses in the solar cell structure.

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Choi, Woo-Jin, Wan Woo Park, Yangdo Kim, Chang Sik Son, and Donghyun Hwang. "The Effect of ALD-Zn(O,S) Buffer Layer on the Performance of CIGSSe Thin Film Solar Cells." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020412.

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In this paper, we report the development of Cd-free buffers using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2-based solar cells. The ALD process gives good control of thickness and the S/S +O ratio content of the films. The influence of the growth per cycle (GPC) and the S/(S+O) ratio, and the glass temperature of the atomic layer deposited Zn(O,S) buffer layers on the efficiency of the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells were investigated. We present the first results from our work on cadmium-free CIGS solar cells on substrates with an aperture area of 0.4 cm2. These Zn(O,S) layers were deposited by atomic layer deposition at 120 °C with S/Zn ratios of 0.7, and layers of around 30 nm. The Zn(O,S) 20% (Pulse Ratio: H2S/H2O+H2S) process results in a S/Zn ratio of 0.7. We achieved independently certified aperture area efficiencies of 17.1% for 0.4 cm2 cells.

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Ma, Fengcan, Kaixuan Xie, Siheng Wu, Chi Zhang, Xiaodie Liao, and Qinghong Wang. "Cu(II)/Polydopamine-Modified Glass Fiber Separators for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070387.

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Much attention has been given to aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their features of inherent safety, environmental compatibility, low cost, and fantastic energy density. Nevertheless, chemical corrosion and dendrite growth occurring on Zn anodes during the charge–discharge process, which often cause surface passivation and short circuit of cells, seriously hindering the development of ZIBs. To solve these problems, a Cu(II) and polydopamine co-modified glass fiber (Cu(II)-PDA/GF) is designed as separator. On one hand, the modification of PDA enhances ionic conductivity and the water absorbing capability of a glass fiber separator due to the presence of functional groups. On the other hand, the pre-deposition of Cu on Zn anodes enables the uniform nucleation of Zn during the initial deposition process. Due to the synergistic effect, reversible zinc plating/striping is achieved in symmetric cells, which display a long lifecycle of over 1800 h at the current density of 1 mA cm−2 and with a fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the assembled Zn//V2O5 cells using the Cu(II)-PDA/GF separator also demonstrate improved capacity retention. This study provides a simple and effective separator modification strategy for high-performance and reliable ZIBs, which are conducive to other metal-based energy storage devices.

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Komarova, Ekaterina G., Yurii P. Sharkeev, Mariya B. Sedelnikova, Oleg Prymak, Matthias Epple, Larisa S. Litvinova, Valeria V. Shupletsova, et al. "Zn- or Cu-containing CaP-Based Coatings Formed by Micro-Arc Oxidation on Titanium and Ti-40Nb Alloy: Part II—Wettability and Biological Performance." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194366.

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This work describes the wettability and biological performance of Zn- and Cu-containing CaP-based coatings prepared by micro-arc oxidation on pure titanium (Ti) and novel Ti-40Nb alloy. Good hydrophilic properties of all the coatings were demonstrated by the low contact angles with liquids, not exceeding 45°. An increase in the applied voltage led to an increase of the coating roughness and porosity, thereby reducing the contact angles to 6° with water and to 17° with glycerol. The free surface energy of 75 ± 3 mJ/m2 for all the coatings were determined. Polar component was calculated as the main component of surface energy, caused by the presence of strong polar PO43− and OH− bonds. In vitro studies showed that low Cu and Zn amounts (~0.4 at.%) in the coatings promoted high motility of human adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMMSC) on the implant/cell interface and subsequent cell ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. In vivo study demonstrated 100% ectopic bone formation only on the surface of the CaP coating on Ti. The Zn- and Cu-containing CaP coatings on both substrates and the CaP coating on the Ti-40Nb alloy slightly decreased the incidence of ectopic osteogenesis down to 67%. The MAO coatings showed antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and can be arranged as follows: Zn-CaP/Ti > Cu-CaP/TiNb, Zn-CaP/TiNb > Cu-CaP/Ti.

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Saberi, Abbas, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Safian Sharif, Mahmood Razzaghi, Seeram Ramakrishna, and Filippo Berto. "The Effect of Co-Encapsulated GO-Cu Nanofillers on Mechanical Properties, Cell Response, and Antibacterial Activities of Mg-Zn Composite." Metals 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020207.

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Magnesium-based composites have recently been studied as biodegradable materials for preparing orthopedic implants. In this article, the graphene oxide (GO) and GO-Cu nanosystem has been homogenously dispersed as a reinforcement in the matrix of Mg-Zn (MZ) alloy using the semi powder metallurgy (SPM) method, and subsequently, the composite has been successfully manufactured using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. GO and GO-Cu reinforced composite displayed a higher compressive strength (~55%) than the unreinforced Mg-Zn sample. GO and GO-Cu dual nanofillers presented a synergistic effect on enhancing the effectiveness of load transfer and crack deflection in the Mg-based matrix. Besides, the GO-Cu dual nanofillers displayed a synergistic influence on antibacterial activity through combining the capturing influences of GO nanosheets with the killing influences of Cu. However, electrochemical and in-vitro immersion evaluation showed that Cu-GO reinforcement had a slightly negative effect on the corrosion behavior of the Mg-Zn sample, but the incorporation of GO enhanced corrosion resistance of the composite. Moreover, MZ/GO and MZ/GO-Cu nanocomposites showed acceptable cytotoxicity to MG-63 cells and revealed a high potential for use as an orthopedic implant material. Based on the research results, MZ/GO-Cu nanocomposite could be used in bone tissue engineering applications.

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Xhafa, Sonila, Laura Olivieri, Corrado Di Nicola, Riccardo Pettinari, Claudio Pettinari, Alessia Tombesi, and Fabio Marchetti. "Copper and Zinc Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bipyrazole Linkers Display Strong Antibacterial Activity against Both Gram+ and Gram− Bacterial Strains." Molecules 28, no. 16 (August 21, 2023): 6160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166160.

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Here, we report a new synthetic protocol based on microwave-assisted synthesis (MAS) for the preparation of higher yields of zinc and copper in MOFs based on different bis(pyrazolyl)-tagged ligands ([M(BPZ)]n where M = Zn(II), Cu(II), H2BPZ = 4,4′-bipyrazole, [M(BPZ-NH2)]n where M = Zn(II), Cu(II); H2BPZ-NH2 = 3-amino-4,4′-bipyrazole, and [Mx(Me4BPZPh)] where M = Zn(II), x = 1; Cu(II), x = 2; H2Me4BPZPh = bis-4′-(3′,5′-dimethyl)-pyrazolylbenzene) and, for the first time, a detailed study of their antibacterial activity, tested against Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria, as representative agents of infections. The results show that all MOFs exert a broad-spectrum activity and strong efficiency in bacterial growth inhibition, with a mechanism of action based on the surface contact of MOF particles with bacterial cells through the so-called “chelation effect” and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, without a significant release of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions. In addition, morphological changes were elucidated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and bacterial cell damage was further confirmed by a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) test.

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Chebolu, Rohinikumar, Ramanaiah Nallu, Ratnam Chanamala, Surender Kumar Sharma, and Ramesh Rudrapati. "Influence of SiC/TiB2 Particles Addition on Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast Zn-Al-Cu Alloy Hybrid Composites." Journal of Engineering 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3669584.

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In this work, the silicon carbide (SiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) reinforced as-cast Zn-Al-Cu alloy-based hybrid composites were produced with ultrasonic-assisted stir casting. The corrosion behavior of as-cast Zn-Al-Cu/TiB2/SiC hybrid composites with varying 0, 5, 10, and 15 weight percent of SiC + TiB2 particulates in Zn-Al-Cu matrix alloy was investigated in this study, The effect of additional reinforcements content on the corrosion behavior of hybrid composites with respect to Zn-Al-Cu alloy was investigated. The corrosion rate of hybrid composites was taken by using potentiodynamic polarization equipment (with 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution). The potentiodynamic polarization test findings showed that the hybrid composites’ uniform and localized corrosion resistances were enhanced by the addition of dual reinforcements. As the weight fraction of the SiC/TiB2 reinforcement increases, weak microgalvanic cells that form between the constituent phases of the fabricated as-cast Zn-Al-Cu hybrid composites weaken, improving their resistance to uniform and localized corrosion. The results revealed that the corrosion rate values were reduced to 28.88% at 15% of reinforcement when compared to the base alloy.

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Lykov, A. P., L. N. Rachkovskaya, O. V. Poveshchenko, E. E. Rachkovsky, and A. Yu Letyagin. "Effect of Cu-, Zn-containing complex based on a porous matrix on fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis and nitric oxide production." Сибирский научный медицинский журнал 41, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20210508.

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A comparative study of the effect of a matrix based on porous aluminum oxide and a silicon organic polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (А12O3@PDMS) and a matrix complex with copper and zinc sorbed on its surface (Cu@Zn- А12O3@PDMS) on the functional properties of fibroblasts has been carried out. Material and methods. The effect of the Cu@Zn- А12O3@PDMS complex and the matrix on the cell proliferative potential (MTT test), apoptosis, necrosis and the production of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were studied in an in vitro experiment with a human embryo fibroblast cell line (HEF-15). Results. The compared samples of Cu@Zn-A12O3@PDMS and Al2O3@PDMS are similar in their physico-chemical properties. Study of HEF-15 functional potential indicates a higher level of cell proliferation and ability to produce NO after contact with the complex. There was no significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis of HEF-15 in the presence of samples of the complex and the carrier. Conclusion. The absence of a significant negative effect of the tested samples on the functional status of cells of the FEH-15 line (proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, NO secretion) in vitro allows the use of the Cu@Zn-A12O3@PDMS complex for further analysis of its safety in experimental models of skin defects in animals.

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Mena Romero, Diana M., David Victoria Valenzuela, and Cristy L. Azanza Ricardo. "Partial and Total Substitution of Zn by Mg in the Cu2ZnSnS4 Structure." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070578.

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Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a quaternary semiconductor that has emerged as a promising component in solar absorber materials due to its excellent optical properties such as band-gap energy of ca. 1.5 eV and significant absorption coefficient in the order of 10 4 cm − 1 . Nevertheless, the energy conversion efficiency of CZTS-based devices has not reached the theoretical limits yet, possibly due to the existence of antisite defects (such as Cu Zn or Zn Cu ) and secondary phases. Based on electronic similarities with Zn, Mg has been proposed for Zn substitution in the CZTS structure in the design of alternative semiconductors for thin-film solar cell applications. This work aims to study the properties of the CZTS having Mg incorporated in the structure replacing Zn, with the following stoichiometry: x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 in the formula Cu 2 Zn 1 − x Mg x SnS 4 (CZ-MTS). The semiconductor was prepared by the hot injection method, using oleylamine (OLA) as both surfactant and solvent. The presence and concentration of incorporated Mg allowed the fine-tuning of the CZ-MTS semiconductor’s structural and optical properties. Furthermore, it was observed that the inclusion of Mg in the CZTS structure leads to a better embodiment ratio of the Zn during the synthesis, thus reducing the excess of starting precursors. In summary, CZ-MTS is a promising candidate to fabricate high efficient and cost-effective thin-film solar cells made of earth-abundant elements.

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Rahmalia, Winda, Septiani Septiani, Uray Amira Naselia, Thamrin Usman, Imelda Hotmarisi Silalahi, and Zéphirin Mouloungui. "Performance Improvements of Bixin and Metal-Bixin Complexes Sensitized Solar Cells by 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Iodide in Electrolyte System." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 21, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.60633.

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Bixin is one of the potential natural sensitizers used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, bixin was complexed with Cu(II) and Zn(II) to increase its stability. The formation of the complexes was indicated by shifting peaks absorption and the changes in the fine spectral structure observed from the UV-Vis absorption spectra. The metal-bixin complex occurs due to the interaction between the ester groups of bixin and the metal. Bixin, Cu-bixin, and Zn-bixin were used separately as sensitizers in DSSCs. The DSSCs performance was then improved by adding 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII) to the electrolyte system. The presence of MPII 0.4 M in KI-I2 electrolyte produced a higher ionic conductivity value (20.44 mS cm–1) than that without MPII (11.14 mS cm–1). This electrolyte system significantly improved DSSCs performance. Under a light intensity of 300 W/m2, the maximum energy conversion efficiencies of DSSC with bixin, Cu-bixin, and Zn-bixin as sensitizers are 0.084, 0.081, and 0.005%, respectively. The Zn-bixin-based DSSC was stable under high light intensity. Under 700 W/m2, its maximum energy conversion efficiency reaches 0.125%. There was a synergistic work observed between the metal-bixin complex and the MPII based electrolyte. This result can open the way for constructing functional materials for solar cell applications.

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Saadat, M., M. Moradi, and M. Zahedifar. "Optimization of Zn(O,S)/(Zn,Mg)O buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based photovoltaic cells." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 27, no. 2 (October 11, 2015): 1130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3861-y.

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Chen, XinCai, JiYan Shi, YingXu Chen, XiangHua Xu, ShengYou Xu, and YuanPeng Wang. "Tolerance and biosorption of copper and zinc byPseudomonas putidaCZ1 isolated from metal-polluted soil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-157.

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A strain of Pseudomonas sp. CZ1, which was isolated from the rhizosphere of Elsholtzia splendens obtained from the heavy-metal-contaminated soil in the north-central region of the Zhejiang province of China, has been studied for tolerance to copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and its capacities for biosorption of these metals. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, the microorganism was closely related to Pseudomonas putida. It exhibited high minimal inhibitory concentration values (about 3 mmol Cu·L–1and 5 mmol Zn·L–1) for metals and antibiotic resistance to ampicillin but not to kanamycin. Based on the results of heavy metal toxicity screening, inhibitory concentrations in solid media were lower than those in liquid media. Moreover, it was found that the toxicity of Cu was higher than that of Zn. Pseudomonas putida CZ1 was capable of removing about 87.2% of Cu and 99.8% of Zn during the active growth cycle, with specific biosorption capacities of 24.2 and 26.0 mg·L–1, respectively. Although at low concentrations, Cu and Zn slightly damage the surface of some cells, P. putida demonstrated high capacities for biosorption of Cu and Zn. Since P. putida CZ1 could grow in the presence of significant concentrations of metals and because of its high metal uptake capacity in aerobic conditions, this bacterium may be potentially applicable in bioreactors or in situ bioremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated aqueous or soil systems.Key words: Pseudomonas putida, copper, zinc, tolerance, biosorption.

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Larramona, Gerardo, Stéphane Bourdais, Alain Jacob, Christophe Choné, Takuma Muto, Yan Cuccaro, Bruno Delatouche, Camille Moisan, Daniel Péré, and Gilles Dennler. "Efficient Cu2ZnSnS4solar cells spray coated from a hydro-alcoholic colloid synthesized by instantaneous reaction." RSC Adv. 4, no. 28 (2014): 14655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01707b.

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Yue, Liang, Huashang Rao, Jun Du, Zhenxiao Pan, Juan Yu, and Xinhua Zhong. "Comparative advantages of Zn–Cu–In–S alloy QDs in the construction of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells." RSC Advances 8, no. 7 (2018): 3637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12321c.

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Benefiting from the accelerative electron injection and retarded charge recombination, Zn–Cu–In–S alloy QD based QDSC achieved a PCE of 8.55%, which is 21%, and 82% higher than those of CIS/ZnS, and pristine CIS QDs based solar cells, respectively.

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Saadat, M., O. Amiri, and A. Rahdar. "Optimization of (Zn,Sn)O buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells." Solar Energy 189 (September 2019): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.093.

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Sathish Kumar, K., Vijay Kumar Chityala, N. J. P. Subhashini, Y. Prashanthi, and Shivaraj. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological and Cytotoxic Studies of Copper(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Binary Complexes of 3-Amino-5-methyl Isoxazole Schiff Base." ISRN Inorganic Chemistry 2013 (February 2, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/562082.

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Binary complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) ions have been synthesized by reacting metal salts with a Schiff base, 2-((E)-(5-methylisoxazol-3-ylimino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol (MIIMMP) in an alcoholic medium. All the metal complexes and schiff base have been characterized by using elemental analysis, IR, UV-VIS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass, ESR spectral data, magnetic moments, TG, and DTA studies. Based on the analytical, spectral data and molecular modeling studies, Ni(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes have octahedral geometry, whereas Cu(II) complex has tetragonal geometry. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the Schiff base and its metal complexes were studied on bacteria, fungi, and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa).

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Liao, Changjian, Youqiang Li, Xiaohong Wu, Wenmei Wu, Yang Zhang, Penglin Zhan, Xin Meng, Gaojiao Hu, Shiqi Yang, and Haijian Lin. "ZmHMA3, a Member of the Heavy-Metal-Transporting ATPase Family, Regulates Cd and Zn Tolerance in Maize." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 13496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713496.

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The pollution of heavy metals is extremely serious in China, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). Heavy-metal-transporting ATPase (HMA) belongs to a subfamily of the P-ATPase family, which absorbs and transports Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in plants. Here, we describe a ZmHMA-encoding HMA family protein that positively regulates Cd and Zn tolerance. The real-time fluorescence quantification (RT-PCR) results revealed that ZmHMA3 had a high expression in B73, and the expression of ZmHMA3 was sensitive to Cd in yeast cells, which was related to Cd accumulation in yeast. Additionally, the Arabidopsis thaliana homologous mutants of AtHMA2 showed Cd sensitivity compared with WT. The overexpressing ZmHMA3 plants showed higher tolerance under Cd and Zn stresses than the wild type. The overexpression of ZmHMA3 led to higher Cd and Zn accumulation in tissues based on the subcellular distribution analysis. We propose that ZmHMA3 improves maize tolerance to Cd and Zn stresses by absorbing and transporting Cd and Zn ions. This study elucidates the gene function of the ZmHMA3 response to Cd and Zn stress and provides a reference for improving the characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in existing maize varieties and the plant remediation technology of heavy-metal-contaminated soil.

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Boerasu, Iulian, and Bogdan Stefan Vasile. "Current Status of the Open-Circuit Voltage of Kesterite CZTS Absorber Layers for Photovoltaic Applications—Part I, a Review." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 8427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238427.

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Herein, based on the reviewed literature, the current marketability challenges faced by kesterite CZTS based-solar cells is addressed. A knowledge update about the attempts to reduce the open circuit voltage deficit of kesterite CZTS solar cells will be addressed, with a focus on the impact of Cu/Zn order/disorder and of Se doping. This review also presents the strengths and weaknesses of the most commercially attractive synthesis methods for synthesizing thin kesterite CZTS films for photovoltaic applications.

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Sun, Qi, Boyan Li, Xingye Huang, Zhihua Han, Dalong Zhong, and Ying Zhao. "A process study of high-quality Zn(O,S) thin-film fabrication for thin-film solar cells." Clean Energy 7, no. 2 (March 25, 2023): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac069.

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Abstract The Zn(O,S) thin film is considered a most promising candidate for a cadmium-free buffer layer of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cell due to its advantages of optical responses in the short-wavelength region and adjustable bandgap. In this paper, the thin-film growth mechanism and process optimization of Zn(O,S) films fabricated using the chemical bath deposition method are systematically investigated. The thickness and quality of Zn(O,S) films were found to be strongly affected by the concentration variation of the precursor chemicals. It was also revealed that different surface morphologies of Zn(O,S) films would appear if the reaction time were changed and, subsequently, the optimum reaction time was defined. The film-growth curve suggested that the growth rate varied linearly with the deposition temperature and some defects appeared when the temperature was too high. In addition, to further improve the film quality, an effective post-treatment approach was proposed and the experimental results showed that the microstructure of the Zn(O,S) thin film was improved by an ammonia etching process followed by an annealing process. For comparison purposes, both Zn(O,S)-based and CdS-based devices were fabricated and characterized. The device with a Zn(O,S)-CIGS solar cell after post-treatment showed near conversion efficiency comparable to that of the device with the CdS-CIGS cell.

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Milani, Raquel Fernanda, Adriana Aparecida Mauri, Vitor Lacerda Sanches, Marcelo Antonio Morgano, and Solange Cadore. "Trace Elements in Soy-Based Beverages: A Comprehensive Study of Total Content and In Vitro Bioaccessibility." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 4986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064986.

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Soy-based beverages are one of the most consumed plant-based beverages, which have been used as a substitute for dairy products. Soy is a source of several nutrients (vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, etc.) and its consumption is usually associated with several benefits, such as the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and osteoporosis. However, non-essential trace elements can be found in these beverages. Thus, a comprehensive study concerning trace elements Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, and Zn in soy-based beverages was proposed. In vitro digestion allowed to simulate the gastrointestinal juice (bioaccessibility) and the Caco-2 cells culture model was applied for the bioavailability assay. Trace elements measures were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Multivariate analysis classified soy-based beverages according to their soy source (isolate protein, hydrosoluble extract, and beans); Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, Se, and Zn bioaccessible fractions corresponded to approximately 40%-80% of their total content, and soy-based beverages were found to be a good Fe, Se, and Zn source. However, our results showed risk exposure assessment from daily consumption of one glass of soy-based beverage can contribute to 3.5% and 0.9% of Al Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for children and adults, respectively.

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Li, Jin Ze, Hong Lie Shen, Yu Fang Li, and Wei Wang. "Effect of Ge Thin Layer Position on Formation and Property of CZTSSe Thin Films and Solar Cells Prepared by Sputtering Method." Materials Science Forum 895 (March 2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.895.23.

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In this work we deposited a Ge thin layer under or upon Cu-Zn-Sn-S precursor by sputtering, followed by selenization process to obtain Ge doped CZTSSe thin films. A comparison of structural, morphology and optoelectrical property on Ge doped CZTSSe thin films with different Ge layer position was studied. It was found that even a little amount of Ge doping could affect the crystallization of CZTSSe grains. The solar cells based on two kinds of precursors both had VOC improvement compared with undoped CZTSSe solar cell. However, due to the inner stress in CZTSSe thin film, cracks appeared between the interface of buffer layer and window layer in CZTSSe solar cell with Ge bottom layer, leading to the decrease of conversion efficiency. With the help of Ge in reducing bulk recombination, CZTSSe solar cell based on Cu-Zn-Sn-S precursor with Ge top layer had a conversion efficiency of 5.38%, in contrast to 3.01% and 4.30% of CZTSSe solar cell with Ge bottom layer and undoped CZTSSe solar cell, respectively.

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Poyyapakkam Ramkumar, Sriram. "Structural, Vibrational, and Electronic Properties of Trigonal Cu2SrSnS4 Photovoltaic Absorber from First-Principles Calculations." Material Science Research India 17, SpecialIssue1 (August 1, 2020): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri.17.special-issue1.03.

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In the search for sustainable alternate absorber materials for photovoltaic applications, the family of chalcogenides provide a promising solution. While the most commonly studied Cu2ZnSnS4 based kesterite solar cells seem to have intrinsic drawbacks such as low-efficiency arising from defects and anti-disorder in the Cu-Zn sites, substituting other elements in the Cu/Zn sites have been considered. In this direction, Cu2(Ba,Sr)SnS4 provide an interesting alternative as they possibly help limit the intrinsic anti-site disorder in the system which is of primary concern with regard to efficiency loses. In this study, we report the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of trigonal structured Cu2SrSnS4 quarternary system computed from first-principles density functional theory paving way for further characterization and analysis within this class of materials.

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Tamin, Charif, Denis Chaumont, Olivier Heintz, Aymeric Leray, and Mohamed Adnane. "Improvement of hetero-interface engineering by partial substitution of Zn in Cu₂ZnSnS₄-based solar cells." EPJ Photovoltaics 13 (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022022.

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This paper investigates the effects of partial substitution of zinc (Zn) in pure sulfide kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) by cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) incorporation. Thin films of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), Cu2Zn1–xCdxSnS4 (CCZTS) and Cu2Zn1–xMnxSnS4(CMZTS) were produced chemically. A comparison of pure CZTS with CCZTS and CMZTS was performed to study the influence of Cd and Mn incorporation on the morphology, structure, optical and electronic properties of the films. The results show an improvement of the morphology and an adjustment of the band gap and valence band position by partial substitution of Zn with Cd and Mn. In addition, for the first time, the band alignment at the absorber/buffer hetero-interface is studied with partial Zn substitution. Band alignments at the absorber/buffer hetero-interface were estimated by XPS and UV/Visible measurements. The results show a cliff-like CBO for CZTS/CdS heterojunction, a spike-like CBO for CCZTS/CdS and a near flat-band CBO for CMZTS/CdS heterojunction.

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Behtash, Farhad, Fatemeh Abedini, Hosein Ahmadi, Seyed Bahman Mosavi, Ahmad Aghaee, Mohammad Reza Morshedloo, and Jose M. Lorenzo. "Zinc Application Mitigates Copper Toxicity by Regulating Cu Uptake, Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Improving Physiological Characteristics in Summer Squash." Antioxidants 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091688.

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Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrients for the plant’s growth, development, and metabolism, but in high concentrations, the elements disrupt normal metabolic processes. The present study investigated the effects of different concentrations (added to a Hogland-based solution) of zinc (control, 5, 10 mg L−1 ZnSO4) and copper (control, 0.1, 0.2 mg L−1 CuSO4) on the growth characteristics and biochemical indices of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Compared with control, a single application of Cu or Zn at both concentrations significantly declined fruit yield, growth traits, pigments content, and high content of these minerals and values of stress-related indices. Increased Cu concentration in the nutritional solutions reduced the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). Copper at high concentrations intensified ROS production, aggravated oxidative stresses, and decreased the plant yield and productivity. Nonetheless, combining Cu and Zn could alleviate stress intensity by boosting antioxidant enzymes, redox regulation, and a resultant diminishment in the content of H2O2, proline, malondialdehyde, and minerals. The obtained results corroborate that the co-application of zinc in Cu-contaminated areas can improve the plant’s economic yield and physiological parameters by hindering copper toxicity and enhancing the photosynthetic capacity.

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Sharfalddin, Abeer A., Inas M. Al-Younis, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, and Mariusz Jaremko. "Investigating the Biological Potency of Nitazoxanide-Based Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) Complexes Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-COVID-19, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities." Molecules 28, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 6126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166126.

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In this work, the biological potency of nitazoxanide (NTZ) was enhanced through coordination with transition metal ions Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II). Initially, complexes with a ligand-metal stoichiometry of 2:1 were successfully synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and thermogravimetric methods. Measurement of the infrared spectrum revealed the bidentate nature of the ligand and excluded the possibility of the metal ion—amide group interaction. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed a reduction in the NH- intensity signal and integration, indicating the possibility of enolization and the formation of keto-enol tautomers. To interpret these results, density functional theory was utilized under B3LYP/6-311G** for the free ligand and B3LYP/LANL2DZ for the metal complexes. We used UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy to understand the biological properties of the complexes. This showed stronger interactions of NTZ-Cu(II) and NTZ-Ni(II) with DNA molecules than the NTZ-Zn(II) compound, with a binding constant (Kb) for the copper complex of 7.00 × 105 M−1. Both Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-NTZ had functional binding to the SARS-CoV-2 (6LU7) protease. Moreover, all metal complexes showed better antioxidation properties than the free ligand, with NTZ-Ni(II) having the best IC50 value of 53.45 μg/mL. NTZ-Ni(II) was an effective antibacterial, with a mean inhibitory concentration of 6 μM, which is close to that of ampicillin (a reference drug). The metal complexes had moderated anticancer potencies, with NTZ-Cu(II) having IC50 values of 24.5 and 21.5 against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and cancerous cervical tumor cells (HeLa), respectively. All obtained complexes exhibited high selectivity. Finally, the metal ions showed a practical role in improving the biological effectiveness of NTZ molecules.

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Merdes, S., R. Sáez-Araoz, A. Ennaoui, J. Klaer, M. Ch Lux-Steiner, and R. Klenk. "Recombination mechanisms in highly efficient thin film Zn(S,O)/Cu(In,Ga)S2 based solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 95, no. 21 (November 23, 2009): 213502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3266829.

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Moradi, M., R. Teimouri, M. Zahedifar, and M. Saadat. "Optimization of Cd1−Zn S buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based thin film solar cells." Optik 127, no. 8 (April 2016): 4072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.01.100.

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Buffière, Marie, Nicolas Barreau, Ludovic Arzel, Pawel Zabierowski, and John Kessler. "Minimizing metastabilities in Cu(In,Ga)Se2/(CBD)Zn(S,O,OH)/i-ZnO-based solar cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 23, no. 4 (January 14, 2014): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2451.

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Jamil, Muhammad, Nargis Sultana, Rizwan Ashraf, Maryam Bashir, Muhammad Fayyaz ur Rehman, Fariha Kanwal, Humna Ellahi, Changrui Lu, Wei Xing Zhang, and Muhammad Ilyas Tariq. "Bis (Diamines) Cu and Zn Complexes of Flurbiprofen as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors: In Vitro Studies and Docking Simulations." Crystals 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020208.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes dementia and continuous damage to brain cells. Cholinesterase inhibitors can alleviate the condition by increasing communication between the nerve cells and reducing the risk of dementia. In an effort to treat Alzheimer’s disease, we synthesized flurbiprofen-based diamines (1,2 diaminoethane and 1,3 diaminopropane) Zn(II), Cu(II) metal complexes and characterized them by single-crystal X-ray analysis, NMR, (FT)-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, elemental analysis and conductivities measurements. Synthesized diamine metal complexes appeared in ionic forms and have distorted octahedral geometry based on conductivity studies, magnetic susceptibility and electronic studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed (2b) Cu(H2O)2(L1)2(L2)2 complex formation. Moreover, we tested all synthesized metal complexes against the cholinesterase enzyme that showed higher inhibition potential. In general, copper metal complexes showed higher inhibitory activities than simple metal complexes with flurbiprofen. These synthesized metal complexes may derive more effective and safe inhibitors for cholinesterases.

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Fianti, Fianti, Badrul Munir, Kyoo Ho Kim, and Mohammad Ikhlasul Amal. "Current State: The Development of Thin Film Solar Cells Based on Kesteritee Compound." Journal Of Natural Sciences And Mathematics Research 2, no. 1 (August 23, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr.2016.1.1.1641.

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<div style="text-align: justify;">Thin film solar cell experience fast development, especially for thin film solar cell CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS). However, the usage of rare element in the nature such as In, Te, and Ga and toxic such as Cd give limitation in the future development and production growth in big scale. Development of other alternative compound with maintain the profit of electronic and optic character which get from CIGS chalcopyrite compound will be explain. Compound of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) is downward compound from CIGS with substitute the In and Ga element with Zn and Sn. The compound kesterite structure can be modified with variation of chalcogen element to get wanted character in solar cell application. Efficiency record of photovoltaic devices conversion used this compound or downward reach 9.7%.©2016 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.</div>

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Chen, Rongrong, Jiandong Fan, Hongliang Li, Chong Liu, and Yaohua Mai. "Efficiency enhancement of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 solar cells via surface treatment engineering." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 171163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171163.

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Pure-sulphide Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells were prepared by a low-cost, non-toxic and high-throughput method based on the thermal decomposition and reaction of sol–gel precursor solution, followed by a high temperature sulfurization process in sulphur atmosphere, which usually gave rise to the unexpected Cu-poor and Zn-rich phase after sulfurization. In order to remove the formation of detrimental secondary phases, e.g. ZnS, a novel method with hydrochloric acid solution treatment to the CZTS absorber layer surface was employed. By using this method, a competitive power conversion efficiency as high as 4.73% was obtained, which is a factor of 4.8 of that of the control CZTS solar cell without surface treatment. This presents a customized process for CZTS photovoltaic technologies that is more environmentally friendly and considerably less toxic than the widely used KCN etching approach.

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Jadhav, Shailesh Kumar, and Reena Meshram. "Bioelectricity Production and Comparative Evaluation of Electrode Materials in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Indigenous Anode-Reducing Bacterial Community from Wastewater of Rice-Based Industries." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.83-92.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are the electrochemical systems that harness the electricity production capacity of certain microbes from the reduction of biodegradable compounds. The present study aimed to develop mediator-less MFC without using expensive proton exchange membrane. In the present study, a triplicate of dual-chamber, mediator-less MFCs was operated with two local rice based industrial wastewater to explore the potential of this wastewater as a fuel option in these electrochemical systems. 30 combinations of 6 electrodes viz. Carbon (14 cm × 1.5 cm), Zn (14.9 cm × 4.9 cm), Cu (14.9 cm × 4.9 cm), Sn (14.1cm × 4.5cm), Fe (14cm × 4cm) and Al (14cm × 4.5 cm) were evaluated for each of the wastewater samples. Zn-C as anode-cathode combination produced a maximum voltage that was 1.084±0.016V and 1.086±0.028 and current of 1.777±0.115mA and 1.503±0.120 for KRM and SSR, respectively. In the present study, thick biofilm has been observed growing in MFC anode. Total 14 bacterial isolates growing in anode were obtained from two of the wastewater. The dual chambered, membrane-less and mediator-less MFCs were employed successfully to improve the economic feasibility of these electrochemical systems to generate bioelectricity and wastewater treatment simultaneously.Keywords: Membrane-less, Microbial Fuel Cells, Biofilm, Wastewater, Electrogenic.Article History: Received June 25th 2016; Received in revised form Dec 15th 2016; Accepted January 5th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Reena, M. and Jadhav, S. K. (2017) Bioelectricity production and Comparative Evaluation of Electrode Materials in Microbial Fuel Cells using Indigenous Anode-reducing Bacterial Community from Wastewater of Rice-based Industries. International Journal of Renewable Energy Develeopment, 6(1), 83-92.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.83-92

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Chung, Jong, Ellen B. Fung, and James H. Feusner. "A Pilot Study to Assess Alterations in Trace Element Status in Pediatric Patients with Malignancies." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3183.3183.

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Abstract Abstract 3183 Nutritional status of children with cancer is a surprisingly understudied area. While overt malnutrition is not common among US children with cancer, many experience weight loss or mild nutritional deficiencies. The Children's Oncology Group (COG) noted in one study that only 46% of responding institutions conducted a nutrition assessment on newly diagnosed children with cancer and only 52% had criteria for intervention (Ladas et al. 2006). Accordingly, the COG has called for more clinical studies in order to provide evidence-based guidelines for nutritional assessment and interventions for these patients. Zinc, a trace mineral used in hundreds of proteins in the body, is rarely assessed in these children. We hypothesized that there is increased incidence of zn deficiency in US children with cancer compared with the general population, and that low zn levels may be associated with increased incidence of common toxicities of treatment, including diarrhea, mucositis or infection. We report here an interim analysis. We designed a prospective trial of children with cancers diagnosed and treated at Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland (CHRCO) from January 2011 through August 2012. Fifty children aged 1 mo to 18 years were enrolled and followed over a six month period. Diagnoses included 33 leukemias, 2 lymphomas, 2 CNS tumors and 13 other solid tumors. Children were enrolled within two weeks of diagnosis and prior to start of any supplemental nutrition. Exclusion criteria included prematurity and known malabsorptive or zn wasting syndromes. A control group of 50 healthy children were also recruited. Approval was obtained from the CHRCO IRB. Anthropometric measurements recorded included height, weight, mid upper arm muscle circumference (MUM C) and skinfolds. Laboratory markers measured included plasma zn, copper (cu), ceruloplasmin, serum albumin, c-reactive protein (CRP) and urine zn, cu and creatinine. Dietary assessment was performed using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. No significant differences were seen in baseline assessments between the case and control groups. Average body mass index (BMI), height z-score and weight z-score were the same between the two groups. However, subanalysis of the solid tumor group showed a decreased BMI of 16.3 vs. 18.5 in the control group, p=0.01. Similarly, there were no differences in dietary intake of major nutrients, with both groups averaging well above the estimated average requirement (EAR). One notable exception was Vitamin D which was low in both groups but significantly lower in the case group, 37% of EAR vs. 55% of EAR, p<0.01. As expected CRP was elevated in the case group at baseline, 0.85 vs. 0.09 in the control group, p=0.01. Similarly cu was elevated at 142.9 ± 51.2 vs. 111 ± 31.2, p<0.01. However, zn was not decreased at baseline, 85.1 ± 20.8 vs. 84.5 ± 10.4. A larger proportion of the case cohort had low zn levels (<70ug/dl) than did the control group (16% vs. 8%) but this did not reach statistical significance. However, zn decreased significantly in the case group over a six month period from 85.1 ± 20.8 to 72.7 ± 15.2, p=0.002. This difference was most marked in the adolescent leukemia/lymphoma group who demonstrated 30% decrease in zn levels and 60% of these subjects had low zn levels at 6 mo. Cu levels also dropped over the 6 month period, from 142.9 ± 51.2 to 123.5 ± 41.9, p=0.01. We performed ANOVA to evaluate zn and cu in the case cohort over time. Zn dropped significantly with a p value of 0.0015, as did cu with a p of 0.0001. Our data showed no significant deficiencies in plasma zn levels in children at diagnosis of cancer. However, plasma cu was elevated. Both zn and cu levels dropped over the initial 6 month course of treatment, most markedly in the leukemia/lymphoma group in contrast to a prior study which showed decreases only in a subgroup of solid tumors and not in the leukemia/lymphoma population (Malvy, et al. 1997). In multivariate analysis, variables correlating with low zn included plasma cu, age, MUMC and BMI. CRP did not correlate with plasma zn levels, suggesting that low zn was a consequence of true nutritional deficit rather than an acute inflammatory response. Not all the data are mature at this time and we have yet to evaluate the relationship between plasma zn levels and toxicities of cancer treatment. Further analyses are needed to identify the conditions contributing to and the consequences of zn deficiency in this population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Gai, Shuangshuang, Liqin He, Mingxian He, Xuwei Zhong, Caiyun Jiang, Yiming Qin, and Ming Jiang. "Anticancer Activity and Mode of Action of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) Complexes with 5-Chloro-2-N-(2-quinolylmethylene)aminophenol." Molecules 28, no. 12 (June 20, 2023): 4876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124876.

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Developing a new generation of anticancer metal-based drugs that can both kill tumor cells and inhibit cell migration is a promising strategy. Herein, we synthesized three Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) complexes derived from 5-chloro-2-N-(2-quinolylmethylene)aminophenol (C1–C3). Among these complexes, the Cu(II) complex (C1) showed significantly greater cytotoxicity toward lung cancer cell lines than cisplatin. C1 inhibited A549 cell metastasis and suppressed the growth of the A549 tumor in vivo. In addition, we confirmed the anticancer mechanism of C1 by triggering multiple mechanisms, including inducing mitochondrial apoptosis, acting on DNA, blocking cell cycle arrest, inducing cell senescence, and inducing DNA damage.

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Mellikov, E., D. Meissner, M. Altosaar, M. Kauk, J. Krustok, A. Öpik, O. Volobujeva, et al. "CZTS Monograin Powders and Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 222 (April 2011): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.222.8.

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This paper reviews results of studies on different materials and technologies for polycrystalline solar cells conducted at Tallinn University of Technology. Structural properties and defect structure of kesterite CZTS compounds (Cu2ZnSnSe4, Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4) were studied. Influence of selenization parameters of a Zn-Cu-Sn stacked layer on the CZTS layer growth and on the morphology, distribution of elements was analyzed. All the results obtained have been used to optimize the technology of producing solar cell structures in different designs. Cu2ZnSnSe4 and, Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4 based monograin layer solar cells were developed.

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Hildebrandt, Thibaud, Nicolas Loones, Nathanaelle Schneider, Muriel Bouttemy, Jackie Vigneron, Arnaud Etcheberry, Daniel Lincot, and Negar Naghavi. "Effects of additives on the improved growth rate and morphology of Chemical Bath Deposited Zn(S,O,OH) buffer layer for Cu(In,Ga)Se2- based solar cells." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.976.

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ABSTRACTZn(S,O,OH) Chemical Bath Deposited (CBD) remains one of the most studied Cd-free buffer layer for replacing the CBD-CdS buffer layer in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based (CIGSe) solar cells and has already demonstrated its potential to lead to high-efficiencies. However, in order to further increase the deposition rate of the Zn(S,O,OH) layer during the CBD, the inclusion of additives can be a reasonable strategy, as long as the efficiencies of solar cells are maintained. The aim of this work is to understand the effect of the introduction of additives such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), H2O2+ethanolamine (C2H7NO) and H2O2+tri-sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) during CBD on the deposition mechanism, the growth rate and the quality of the buffer layer. It has been shown that the combined use of H2O2 and citrate in the bath formulation allows the deposition of Zn(S,O,OH) via a mix of “ion-by-ion” and “cluster-by-cluster” mechanisms that have good properties as buffer layers leading to high efficiency solar cells.

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Oñate, Angel A., Gabriel Donoso, Gustavo Moraga-Cid, Hugo Folch, Sandra Céspedes, and Edilia Andrews. "An RNA Vaccine Based on Recombinant Semliki Forest Virus Particles Expressing the Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase Protein of Brucella abortus Induces Protective Immunity in BALB/c Mice." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 6 (June 2005): 3294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.6.3294-3300.2005.

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ABSTRACT We constructed infectious but replication-deficient Semliki Forest virus (SFV) particles carrying recombinant RNA encoding Brucella abortus Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). The recombinant SFV particles (SFV-SOD particles) were then evaluated for their ability to induce a T-cell immune response and to protect BALB/c mice against a challenge with B. abortus 2308. Intraperitoneal injection of mice with recombinant SFV-SOD particles did not lead to the induction of SOD-specific antibodies, at least until week 6 after immunization (the end of the experiment). In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from the vaccinated mice with either recombinant Cu,Zn SOD (rSOD) or crude Brucella protein resulted in a T-cell proliferative response and the induction of gamma interferon secretion but not interleukin-4. In addition, the splenocytes exhibited significant levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against Brucella-infected cells. The SFV-SOD particles, but not the control virus particles, induced a significant level of protection in BALB/c mice against challenge with B. abortus virulent strain 2308. These findings indicated that an SFV-based vector carrying the SOD gene has potential for use as a vaccine to induce resistance against B. abortus infections.

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Chandrareddy Vijayadeep, Pothukuchi Subrahmanya Sastry, and Marigowda Jayaramu. "Study of Heavy metal uptake by Bacillus sp and E. coli." International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (IJFAS) 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.59415/ijfas.v4i1.66.

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Background: Over the past century, unrestricted mining, extensive industrialization, modern agricultural practices and faultywaste disposal methods have resulted in the release of unprecedented levels of toxic heavy metals like Cd, Hg, Ag, Sn, Pb, Cu, Co,Mn, Zn, etc into the environment. Many metals are essential for microbial growth in less concentration, yet are toxic in higherconcentrations. Various methods are available for the removal and management of heavy metals: Conventional physico-chemicalmethods and emerging biosorption methods. Biosorption is an attractive alternative approach which involves the binding oradsorption of heavy metals to living or dead cells. Many microbes have the ability to selectively accumulate metals. Aim: Thepresent study was intended to analyze the uptake systems of Bacillus and E. coli against different concentration of heavy metalslike Zn, Cu, Cd, and Hg in their salt form incorporated into nutrient broth medium observed over a regular interval of time.Methodology: Analysis was based on how much of the metal from the original concentration used was left behind in the mediaafter the rest being up taken by the organism. This was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) which wasindirectly the representation of percent uptake of heavy metal by the respective organism. Results: The study showed that Gram –ve organisms like E.coli exhibited more resistance to metals like Zn, Cu and Hg in relative comparison with Gram +ve organismslike Bacillus. Conclusion: Bacillus sps was less sensitive to effect of Cd than in E. coli

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Lee, Dongho, and JungYup Yang. "Superstrate Structured FTO/TiO2/In2S3/Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells Fabricated by a Spray Method with Aqueous Solutions." Coatings 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060548.

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Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (C2ZTS4) solar cells have become a fascinating research topic due to several advantages of the C2ZTS4 absorber layer, such as having non-toxic and abundantly available components. Superstrate structured C2ZTS4 solar cells were fabricated on the top of a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate with a spray pyrolysis method from the window layer to the absorber layer. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and indium sulfide (In2S3) were used as the window and buffer layer, respectively. The source materials for the C2ZTS4 and buffer layers were all aqueous-based solutions. The metallic component ratio, Cu/(Zn + Sn), and the sulfur concentration in the solutions were systematically investigated. The optimum ratio of Cu/(Zn + Sn) in the film is about 0.785, while 0.18 M thiourea in the solution is the best condition for high performance. The C2ZTS4 layers deposited at lower temperatures (<360 °C) yielded a low quality resulting in low current density (JSC). On the other hand, the C2ZTS4 layers deposited at high temperature (~400 °C) showed a low fill factor (FF) without degradation of the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and JSC due to the junction degradation and high contact resistance between the absorber layer and metal contact. The best cell efficiency, VOC, JSC, and fill factor achieved were 3.34%, 383 mV, 24.6 mA/cm2, and 37.7%, respectively.

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Vigil-Galán, O., Maykel Courel, J. A. Andrade-Arvizu, Y. Sánchez, M. Espíndola-Rodríguez, E. Saucedo, D. Seuret-Jiménez, and R. González. "Processing pathways of Cu 2 Zn(SnGe)Se 4 based solar cells: The role of CdS buffer layer." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 67 (August 2017): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2017.05.003.

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Kermani, Farzad, Simin Nazarnezhad, Zahra Mollaei, Sahar Mollazadeh, Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan, Vahid Reza Askari, Reza Kazemi Oskuee, et al. "Zinc- and Copper-Doped Mesoporous Borate Bioactive Glasses: Promising Additives for Potential Use in Skin Wound Healing Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021304.

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In this study, zinc (Zn)- and copper (Cu)-doped 13-93B3 borate mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) were successfully synthesized using nitrate precursors in the presence of Pluronic P123. We benefited from computational approaches for predicting and confirming the experimental findings. The changes in the dynamic surface tension (SFT) of simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated using the Du Noüy ring method to shed light on the mineralization process of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the glass surface. The obtained MBGs were in a glassy state before incubation in SBF. The formation of an apatite-like layer on the SBF-incubated borate glasses was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of Zn and Cu into the basic composition of 13-93B3 glass led to changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) (773 to 556 °C), particle size (373 to 64 nm), zeta potential (−12 to −26 mV), and specific surface area (SBET) (54 to 123 m2/g). Based on the K-means algorithm and chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) tree, we found that the SFT of SBF is an important factor for the prediction and confirmation of the HAp mineralization process on the glasses. Furthermore, we proposed a simple calculation, based on SFT variation, to quantify the bioactivity of MBGs. The doped and dopant-free borate MBGs could enhance the proliferation of mouse fibroblast L929 cells at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. These glasses also induced very low hemolysis (<5%), confirming good compatibility with red blood cells. The results of the antibacterial test revealed that all the samples could significantly decrease the viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In summary, we showed that Cu-/Zn-doped borate MBGs can be fabricated using a cost-effective method and also show promise for wound healing/skin tissue engineering applications, as especially supported by the cell test with fibroblasts, good compatibility with blood, and antibacterial properties.

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Alexandrova, R., R. Spasov, Z. Petrova, T. Zhivkova, L. Dyakova, D. Dinev, M. Glavcheva, et al. "EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGY FOR IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC / ANTITUMOR PROPERTIES OF NEW METAL COMPLEXES WITH DIFFERENT LIGANDS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl. 2 (2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.02.019.

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PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic / antitumor properties of newly synthesized metal [Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)/Ag(I), Zn(II)/Au(I)] complexes with various ligands (Schiff bases, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bile acids) and to introduce an optimized strategy for such investigations in our research activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human and animal tumor and non-tumor cells were used as model systems. Short-term (3 – 96h) and long-term (> 2 weeks) experiments were carried out using cytotoxicity assays, cytological / immunocytochemical, biochemical and molecular-biological methods to assess the influence of the compounds on cell viability and proliferation and their ability to induce apoptosis/necrosis and/or autophagy. RESULTS. The examined metal complexes express cytotoxic activity that is time- and concentration-dependent and are more active than the corresponding ligands tested alone. Zn(II)/Au(I) and Zn(II)/Ag(I) complexes with Salen are found to be the most promising cytotoxic agents being effective also in multidrug resistant cancer cells. Their cytotoxic activity is higher than those of cisplatin, oxaliplatin and epirubicin. CONCLUSIONS. A complex approach, based on a wide range of cell cultures and methods with different molecular / cellular targets and mechanisms of action was optimized and successfully applied for the assessment of cytotoxicity of new metal complexes.

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Li, Jianmin, Yaping Ma, Guilin Chen, Junbo Gong, Xiaomin Wang, Yifan Kong, Xuhang Ma, et al. "Effects of Ammonia-Induced Surface Modification of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 on High-Efficiency Zn(O,S)-Based Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells." Solar RRL 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 1800254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800254.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Zn/Cu based cells'

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